July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19555 EXTEN.SIONS OF REMARKS THE 1930 ANNIVERSARY OF THE U.S. $100 million of its program represents of river waterways and canals. Virtually ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS about 10,000 jobs. Viewed from another all our major cities, and scores of mil­ angle, the $110 million already deducted lions of our people, stand in our river from the corps' program this year by our valleys secure from flood, thanks to the HON. MICHAEL J. KIRWAN oon1n1ittee because of the serious fiscal Corps of Engineers. Their hydroelectric OF OHIO situation represents the abolition of power generation facillties which will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 11,000 job~uiva.lent to wiping out the pass the 10,000,000-kilowatt milestone Monday, July 1, 1968 economy of a medium -sized city. This is this year, have given rise to major indus­ something to think about at a time when trial centers in the Midwest, the North­ Mr. KmWAN. Mr. Speaker, last we are investing billions of dollars to re­ west, and the South. The recreation pro­ n1onth n1arked the 193d anr,Uversary of lieve unemployment and poverty and why vid~d at their lakes, pools, and beaches the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. we urged the House last week to make no amounts to the colossal total of some On June 16, 1775, Gen. George Wash­ further reductions in the public works half-billion visitor days each year-more ington appointed Col. Richard Gridley bill for water and power resources devel­ than double the attendance of all forms as the first Chief Engineer of the Army opment. of organized sport combined. and launched a n1ilitary and construc­ Every dollar invested in Corps of Engi­ In this elite corps we have a n11ghty tion organization that has performed a neers' construction for flood control so organization capable of mobi11zing the significant role in the defense of the far has returned about $4 in damage pre­ Nation's entire construction industry country and in the development and vented. Navigation projects return up to wi!thin a matter of hours, if need be, to management of the Nation's water re­ $12 per year in transportation savings n1eet any form of physical crisis or sources. for every dollar invested. Recreation de­ Those of u.s who are directly involved disaster. Its officers and civilian engi­ in the water resource development pro­ velopments yield benefits estimated at 50 neers have used their river-development gran1B are most concerned over the tend­ cents to $1.50 per visitor day. These gains skills to blast the way across the beaches ency of the press to headline any efforts too, are foregone in proportionate meas­ of Normandy and the Pacific, and their for the funding of projects as "pork ure when we cut back our water-resource organization commands skills to cope barrel." These critics fail to point out investments. with fires, floods, and earthquakes. In the value and urgency of these projects Meanwhile, the corps has participated this era when national defense, con­ which are authorized by Congress for in all our country's wars, playing an in­ struction, and industry are intimately funding only after a most extensive re­ creasingly important role as warfare has related, the military engineeer is the view process to assure that they are become more technological and more in­ key n1an. Much of our security and power econon1ically justified. After a thorough volved with large-scale movements of are due to the fact that America's Corps study by the responsible agency and men and material over all kinds of ter­ of Engineers are the best military engi­ clearance with all other agencies in­ rain. It is no coincidence that today there neers in the world. volved, they are carefully reviewed by are more engineer troops serving in the A couple of years ago President the legislative comn1ittees of Congress swamps and jungles of Vietnam than of Johnson called the Corps of Engineers 'before they are authorized by law. Each any other branch except the infantry. "one of the greatest organizations ever project must meet stringent criteria to For almost a century and a half, the known to man, one of the :finest orga­ assure benefits will fully justify the cost. corps has carried out the largest public­ nizations ever conceived and developed A large percentage of the projects also works construction program in the free by the U.S. Government, they represent require assurance of local cooperation, world. Yet it has never had a major strength, they represent resolution, they including repayment of the benefits de­ scandal. None of its major construction represent responsibility." To which we rived from water supply and irrigation, has ever failed. None of its projects has may add: "They represent integrity." before construction is initiated. proven an unworthy investment. On the What would our Nation do, what would The basic investigation of the projects contrary, the corps has victoriously it have been, what would it be, without in the field of fiood control, beach ero­ undertaken some of the most daring them? sion, navigation, and multiple purpose tasks with which man has ever chal­ So I am proud and glad today to have development are the responsibility of the lenged nature, and the undertakings it this opportunity to congratula.te the U.S. Arn1Y Corps of Engineers, which is has planned and recommended and car­ corps on its 193d anniversary, and to one of the most dedicated, talented, and ried out have contributed to the wealth wish them continued success in the years admired professional organizations in the and welfare of our people to a degree ahead. world. that dwarfs the investment involved. The corps is unique among the world's They spearheaded the expansion drive military organizations for its water re­ that opened the western frontier. They THE "PUEBLO" INCIDENT source and conservation mission. Other built many of the magnificent public nations have used our corps as a model buildings and parks of the Nation's HON. GORDON ALLOTT Capital city. They have conquered the in giving civilian missions to their dwn OF COLORADO military engineers; but none has come Arctic with its inconceivable problems of anywhere near duplicating its range of cold and ice and permafrost, and built IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES versatility, responsib11ity, and compe­ there n1ilitary establishments and scien­ Monday, July 1, 1968 tence. ti:fic institutions in places where previ­ Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, this is The corps' history shows how an ener­ ously it had been considered a triumph the 23d week that American boys have getic country can turn a liability into an just to stay alive. As the construction been in the hands of the North Koreans asset. When our Nation was formed, it agency for NASA, they are helping to because of the capture of the Pueblo. needed roads and harbors and bridges conquer space. They built the base in­ OVer the weekend we heard reports and waterways, but it had no engineers. stallations from which our n1issiles can that the boys may soon be released. Of It turned to the Army engineers recruited range over the entire planet. course we pray to God that this will be by George Washington, mostly in Our country could not exist in. its pres­ the case, but we also pray that their France, to serve our Nation in the Revo­ ent level of power and prosperity without mental and physical health still remains lutionary War. Thus was born the or­ the contributions of the Army's Corps strong and intact. ganization and traditions which today of Engineers. Our foreign commerce is Whether or not the Hanoi press re­ are unrivaled in all the arts and sciences absolutely dependent upon the 700-odd ports about the pending release of these associated with the conservation and use harbors they have built under all kinds boys is true, the fact remains that they of water and related land resources. of conditions. Our domestic commerce have been allowed to remain in enemy Today its programs provide about 100 was founded on, and still largely de­ hands for an intolerable length of time. man-years of employment for every $1 pends on, their developments in the Whatever has been done to free them million invested in construction. Each Great Lakes and along some 20,000 n1iles has obviously not been enough, As a re- 19556 J'itly· 1-, 19'68 minder to the President that this vital According to the Defense Department, the 27, a State Department spokesman again matter still remains unsolved, I aslL · :Pueblo ; ~~ ~l~ctrohi~ I?t~lligenc~ s~p - Qf ,90"$ ' . · ~ ~i~l, "there has been no breakthrough." unanimous consent that an excellent "tons, -was manned by six officers, 75 enlisted Meanwhile Defense Secretary Clark Clif­ summary Qf the Pueblo situation pub- me~ and two civilian hydrographers. One ford ~as ~ked congress for $3.9 billion in • • • L '. ,. . -; b. · , • crewman has. since been. reported dead, leav- supplemental .'funds to run his Department, llshed m ,~ue ~~s~on G~o ~~ ?{ J.t\Ile .9., in.g 82 in . the hands. of th,e North . Koreans. namlp.g sei~ure of the 1Pueblo as a.: tactor in 19q8, be P,qpt~d m the ;EXtens1pns of Re- 'l:,he Un,ited states insi~ts . the 1ship "tV¥ .s.eized his rising expenses. , · .• . marks. . . . r' 1 ~. 01,1tside the 12-mile territoria~ limit of North There being ':rio -objee,tioii ;the sum- Korea and is - tl,ler~fore ' oeing held n-· mary was' ordered to be printed in the' legally, I 1 \, , I RECORD as follows. . ·.-· ., . ' .) - • Accdrtl:ing to th'e mmta:ry, 'fighter planes NATIONAL· FOUN. nAT,ION FOR THE • o1 ' , · • l.! • ·" r ."' ,_. · of th·e kin-d necessary to defend th'e Pueblo ..,., GLOOM Co\:'ERfl TAr,Ks FO_R "-PuEBt.o". RELEASIE. were.not immediately available at nearby u.s. SOCIAL SCI;ENCES ACT OF 1968 . (-:~y Ve~a Gla.ser) bases. The carder U.S.S. Enterprise was. s~nt, - WASHENGTON, June ·4.-The United States but arrived too late for action and was .with- u •• HON 'DONA-LD M -~RASER '"- has receded fro_m . the . P.O~ition • 9f ,infuriated drawn in February, Military commentatOr l ' · " . u~. r 1 JTI bluster it espoused when the u.s.s. Pueblo Hanson Baldwl:n J;las written that, 'The, OF MIN~OTA ap.d her crew were' seize-d by the ;Nort.h . Ko- safet y of the crew of t~e 'Pueblo, though .. IN-THE HOUSE OF ~EPRESENTATIVES reans in late January. · ", · · ~· invoked by Washington as a reason for ta!t- Monday, July 1, 1968 Now, after four months and ~ 17 'fr-hitless ing nOi reprisal action, was less ~ a · factor- in I ' ,,, I> • 1..,1 talks at Panmunjon, - tlie ·officia1 line is the decision to do nothing than was . th:e: Mr. FRASEI:t. M17 ~ Speaker, tod-ay I am gloomy, whether it be expressed by President lack of capa-bility." . introduci~g a bill to establish Nation9tl Johnson, ambassador to the United Nations The marked shift in U.S. attitude. toward a t;tJ.e ~elzure is revealed by a comparison of Foundation of the Social Sciences. In the Arthur Goldberg, or Secretary; of State Dean official statements at the time of. capture Senate a subc_ommittee .of the Govern­ R':;~~re is n~ iiard information'on-the where- with those' now being made: ' ment Operations Committee has held a bouts or· st,ate of health of the 82 survivors, On January 25, less' than 48 hours after the hearings on the bill and action -by the nor is there optiinism a.bout th·eir early re- Pueblo's ' seizure, the President • calloo it •a full committe~ is scheduled for July 8. lease. · · · "wanton and aggressive act" that "cannot The purpose of the F-oundation would The problem has moved from·the military be accepted." He activated 15,000 air, and be to support and promote research, edu­ arena, where is was originally ·categorized as naval Reservists and called for an urgent "an act of war" by Rusk. to diplomatic ter- meeti~g- of the UN Security Council. . , cation, training, and scholarship in the social science§. I think the potential.con.­ rain, with. this current summing-up by a NOW WE HOPE tribution of this -ac-t . is already demon­ State Department spokesman: By M~y 6, however, his tone had softened. . "We can only hope that after they (the ".We hope that upon, care~ul reflection, t~ey strated by t:P,e success of the National North Koreans) realize they have m1lked this, (the North Korea:p.s) will release the men," Foundation of the Arts and Humanities. for all possible propaganda value, they will he said. · I am proud to have cosponsored the-leg­ begin to think sertciu'sly •about'·releasing the Ambassador Goldberg, who forcefully and islation creating it in 1965. men. Many of the military actions suggested indignantly described the ship's seizure as The need for a National Social Science might demonstrate that we are a strong na- illegal before the Council, is now saying, "I Fou~dation . was well put by Senator FRED tion, but we see no advantage to bringing out will not take back an ounce of what I said, R. HARRIS, au.thor of the Senate bill along a charred hull and 82 corpses." but I do not want any false optimism to be with 20 other Senato-rs. It is not that the administration has fo~- derived." gotten the ship or its men. That would be' secretary of state Rusk originally advised He said: . · difficult to do, with reminders, ranging from North Korea to •1cool it." Now his spokes­ We understand the button and the ma­ anguish to anger and scorn, peltirlg Washing- men says, "there is little forward progress chine very well, but we are woefully weak in ton like hail. · we can report." the understanding of the button pus-he~ . . Reporters frequently raise the question at Ambassador '6f the .Republic of Korea presidential .news conferences and sessions (South) Dong-Jo Kim makes no secret of By closing the gap between our knowl­ with presidential candidates . .Rep. William J. his feeling that the U.S, should have acted edge of the natural sciences arid our SCherle R.-Iowa, reminds Congress daily of with greater firmness. "You Americans knowleqge ~ of the social sciences, the the time elapsed ~ince the ship's ~apture Jan.;. should be better pok.crr players," was tl,le enactment of· this- bill will help us to uary 23, as .do several metropolitan news- w,ay he put it. · better understand the ma:n who operates papers. Mrs. Lloyd Bucher, wife of the im- Lette-rs purportedly from members of the the machine. prisoned skipper, is working with her· Con- Pueblo's crew, including Cmdr. Bucher, ha-ve gressman, Rep. Bob Wilson, R.-Calif., to flood been received by relatives, friends, newspa­ The Foundation would consist of a the nation with bumper strips exhorting "re- pers and .Members of Congress. They state Board of Trustees of 24 prominent cit­ member the Pueblo!" that .if North Korea's terms (admission of izens from the social sciences communicy, · It appears rather that officials have shot violation of territorial waters, an apology, both academic and practicing. There their bolt in the effort to peacefully settle the and promise not to repeat the offense) are would as weli be a Director and Deputy humiliating chapter. A new negotiator, Brig. not met, the crewmen will be executed. Director, appointed by the President with Gen. Gilbert H. Woodward, has been assigned PHONY C9NFESSIONS the advice -and consent of the Senate. The to sit opposite Major Gen. Pak Chung-Kuk, bill also provides for a staff to administer representing North Korea. Accompanied by a The State Department has labeled all al· handful of technicians, the two confer pri­ leged confessions. of officers and men and the Foundation funds. vately at the same table in the same head­ some individual letters as "produced· under The Federal Government could then quarters used by the military armistice com­ circumstances Which in themselves consti­ underwrite, fund, and support academic mission which supervises the uneasy truce at tute a form of duress. We do ·not consider research in the fields of political science, the 38th parallel. Transcripts of their highly any of them to be proOf-of the North Ko­ economics, psychology, sociology, an­ classified conversations, ranging in length rean allegations." thropology, history, law, social statistics, from half an hour to about one and one­ Efforts to arrange admission for Interna­ tional Red Cross representatives to check on demography, geography, linguistics; half hours, are fo!'Warded to the State De­ communic-ations, international rel-ations, partment. prisoners' welfare have failed. F1lm clips and The Pueblo has been discussed also at sev­ photographs give .the impression the men education, and other social sciences. eral meetings of the Military Armistice Com­ are in good health, bl,lit State says there Is Tlle social sciences would have the.legis­ mission with ··south K:oredns pre-Sent. On no way to confirm it.· The department de­ lative support that they need if they are April 18, U.S. Rear Admiral John V. Smith, nies there is complacency about their treat- to assist in devising new concepts and then the senior U.S. negotiating official, ment. · . · • suggesting new methods for enriching Capt. Carleton W. Voltz, the last A~erican categorized the ship's seizure as "war provo­ man's life and alleviating social strife cation of the lllOst serious magnitude." to re4urn from North Korea . captivity, re­ ports he was tortured and beaten. and injustice. WANTS CONCILIATION Noting on May 29 that 128 days passed Social science research would be in Within a week Senate Majority Leader since the Pueblo and her crew were taken civilian hands, providing an urgently Mike Mansfield suggested it might be well into communist captivity, Rep. Scherle a.c­ needed addition to that" now carried on to separate the often acrimonious commis• cused the administration of a "hollow re­ under the · auspices of the Department sion talks from what should be a conciliatory sponse to th;e incident and exposition of the effort building toward rele~;tSe of the prison­ Nation as a "paper tiger." The California of Defense. Though the Foundation ers. He proposed dispatching ·a special U.S. A}nerican Legion called the administration would be available for contracting by mission t9 North Korea to attempt to see "evasive and apathetic" in efforts to release the operating departments and agencies the crewmen and talk with officials there. the crew, but offered no specific suggestion of the Federal Government, it would The administration has not seen fit to follow except "increased pressure." conduct no research of a controlled or through. After the last talk at Panmunjon on May classified nature. July 1, 19.68' , E-XTENSIONS OF· REMARKS. 19557'

A Social Science Foundation would. riots: threaten, at the very first hour, there p-act some of the ·old pa.tterns to go out of­ reverse the relative lack of attentioJ;l must be an appropriate and overwhelming style, and s'Ome traditional standards to slip show of. force and determination by all th6se o:ff balance for a while: glven the social sciences under the pres­ in authority to insure that the criminal·acts> But undisciplined and untutored tolerance ent system.· In 1966, the social sciences are stopped in their tracks. It is importattt can lead to anar<:hy. It has already led us to received only 2.4 percent of the basic to note that the· number involved in these a point where ·I think it is reasonable to ·fear research funds appropriated by the Fed­ rlots and destruction is very small .a:nd ·does for the Constitutional rights of a.ll Ameri­ eral Government. The figure was similar not ·involve the majority of those who •live cans, and I say this with careful d~liberatton. hi 1967 and in 1968. Moreover, the Na­ in the ghetto area. , ' I am hot the first businessman td complain tional Science Foundation is presently about these -· problems and there •may be' a · That all senators may have the oppor­ tendency to write it o:ff as another voice at­ able to allot only one-twelfth of its tunity to read Mr. Blount's address, I tempting to buttress the status quo. So let budget to the social sciences. Not only ask unanimous consent that it be printed me a.t this point try to get you a little better does inadequate funding diminish the in the RECORD. acquainted with the business community of stature of the social sciences, but, with There being no objection, the speech 1968. this disparity in emphasis, the ability of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, I would like to sketch for you the business­ men's participation ln the social reform · the natural and social sciences to inter­ as follows: relate is greatly inhibited. movement, and I hope ·you realize that we · A BUSINESSMAN LOOKS AT RIOTS AND,· CRIME The Foundation's most distinct advan­ are deeply involved and are not just by­ (Address by Winton M. Blount,' pre&den.t, standers. If we in the business con:imunilty tages, though, lie in the answers t~~ so­ Chamber of Commerce of the United States, had disassociated ourselves from th~ human cial sciences can provide for the most before the National Press Club, Washing­ concerns of sooiety 'generally, it' would be · serious problems now confronting our ton, D.C., June 27, 1968) easier to understand why businesses are tar­ country. How a ghetto can be dissolved; It is a real plea.Sure to be the guest of the gets for· so much of the protest and violenc~ what really causes the breakdown of the National Press Club. I am especially grateful But free ' enterprise is waging aggressive war family; what leads one nation to seek to to you, Mr. Chairman for your introduction. against the · root causes of poverty and un~ dominate the world-or to withdraw I would like to discuss with you today a rest. new phenomenon in our society-th.e emer­ We do nilich in cooperation with govern­ from it; how a democratic government ment, and we do st111 more voluntarily, work­ survives the fury of its birth-these are gence of mob action as a tolerated· instru­ ment for political, social and economic ing mostly with all ·kinds of local groups. The questions to which we all seek answers change. ' · · businessman has the s,ame reasons as every­ and no one can answer with certainty. 'It is tolerated primarily for politieal rea­ one else, and additional ·ones of his own' for These are the questions studied by the sons, and also in the name of social progress. being genuinely concerned about the p·rob­ social sciences. Many intellectuals and opilllioh leaders, inteT­ lems of the unproductive poor. To my colleagues who would object preting mob action as an expression of pro­ Our self-interest in disadvantaged people gress, have given their b-lessing to this becomes more enlightened all the time. that we cannot afford the money to es­ Seven of 10 forum sessions at the National tablish a National Social Sciences Foun­ phenomenon. We need only to look about us to determne Chamber's recent annual meeting were de­ dation, I reply, we cannot afford not to. voted·to urban problems. Efforts to get busi­ We who are splitting the atom and study­ that it is not progress but regression. It is regression symbolized by the spectacle nessmen more involved in these problem areas have top priority in the National ing the far corners of the universe must on television several months ago of ·some at the same time learn why our cities small businessmen from the na-tional capital Chamber's · work program. Typical of these burn every summer and why our chil­ going before a Congressional investigating efforts is a study conducted for the Chamber dren prefer cap guns to marbles. committee wearing hoods for their own pro­ by Seymour L. Wblfbein, of the 'School of tection. By telling publicly how organized Business Administration at Temple Univer,;, · Mr. Speaker, I hope that this body sity, showing the economic impact of help­ gives favorable consideration to the es­ bands of thieves were looting their stores almost regularly, these businessmen were ing the poor. tablishment of a National Social Sci­ This study demonstrated that one effect putting themselves in danger of violent re­ would be a -significant decrease in the man­ ences Foundation. venge. Their identities had to be hidden. power shortage that is throwing a cloud over It is regression symbolized by reckless op­ the economy. It has been estimated that by portunists and extremists who, in such a 1975--seven years hence-there will be a A BUSINESSMAN LOOKS AT RIOTS lenient atmosphere, are able to slip, ,freely into need for 14,000,000 more workers than are AND CRIME leadership roles 'for purposes or! making likely to be· available, unless, in the mean .. trouble. There are divisive and dem~gogic time, large numbers of the haxd-core unem­ elements of leaders~p in our society-both ployed are brought into' the job force. HON. ROBERT C. BYRD on the Left and on the right, both black and Another economic gain would be a dra­ white-and they are doing irrepa.rable harm OF WEST VIRGINIA to the nation. They arouse vast pasSions, matic increase in consumer spending asso­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES both of support and opposition, and out of ciated with a rising standard of living. Pro­ fessor Wolfbein estimated that if the inci­ Monday, July 1, 1968 this confl.iot comes the present atmosphere of dence of poverty could be reduced by one­ violence and an·archy. third, which is certainly a feasible goal, since Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. It is regression symbolized by an exploding only five per cent of the population would President, the President of the U.S. crime rate. The .Supreme Court is making be affected, then the increase in consumer Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Winton M. landmark decisions that permit confessed spending would be 21 per cent. This is· a Blount, delivered an excellent address to criminals to go free, sometimes to continue feasible reduction in poverty when you re­ the National Press Club on Thursday, their crimes, and we are supposed to believe member that between the years 1959 and 1965 June 27, 1968. that this is better than running the risk there was a 20 per cent decline in the num­ that some accused person might suffer Jl.ll­ ber of Americans living under 'the· poverty Speaking of the riots which have justly .for lack of a legal technicality in his level, as estimated by Dean George P. Baker, struck our major cities, Mr. Blount said: favor. , of Harvard Business School, and this was We are told that lives were saved by with- And it is regression when the times tempt done without the massive concentration on holding force during the April riots. This is politicians to carelessly promise the world the problem that occupies 1968 America. presented to us as a Wise and successful to the disadvantaged and uneducated­ We hope you Will belleve that the business­ policy-not just an exception that was made promises which they know cannot be ful­ man, in his concern for the ghettos, has the once and that future rioters had better not filled. This is a callous and tragic way to treat same human motives as everyone else, in count on, but rather as a noble experiment innocent people who deserve better. Their addition to his own far-sighted economic worthy of national adoption. expectations are being raised, not only behind reasons for wanting to help. And if you Will The political argument is that all the any possibility of attainment, but also, in keep in mind that the businessman is a property destroyed in riots is not worth one many instances, even beyond the intentions realist through economic necessity, you can human. life, and while that may be true, it of those making the wild promises. This is a expect him to be more inclined than some is not the relevant point. We tend to forget basic cause of much of the mob action, be­ others-the politician, for example-to seek that riots are not started by innocent by- cause when these hopes are dashed on the out the most practical remedies and goals. standers or children. They are started by rocks of reality, frustration sets in and the Management skills, problem-solving ability, lawless hoodlums and the disruptive ele- extremist takes over. When this happens, the creativity and innovation-these are what ments of our society. If we have a policy of justifiable needs of these people become businessmen have to contribute to the war withholding authority and letting the ar- latched together with totally unreasonable on poverty. sonist burn and the looter steal then you - demands, and it becomes more difficult to Getting needy people into jobs, so that can be certain that seeing this example, the do what we should do to help the poor. they can lead more useful, more self-respect­ surrounding conununity will join in. We To be sure, we are in the midst of a truly ing and more enjoyable lives, is where the must have a policy that says that as soon as significant social revolution and we can ex- business stress is being applied. We are try- 19558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 ing not only to provide more job opportuni­ can be traced to our tremendous growth and ments of our society. If we have a policy of ties, but to deliver them to the doorstep of success as a nation. withholding authority and letting the arson­ the hard-core unemployed. Poverty, slums, under-education and hard­ ist burn and the looter steal then you can In large city ghettoes, coordinated, busi­ core unemployment are not new-they have be certaJ.n that seeing this example, the sur­ ness-sponsored programs of basic education always existed. What brings them into such rounding community wm Join in. We must and training, backed up by job guarantees, prominence now is that we have achieved have a policy that says that as soon as riots. are now commonplace. The helping hands are such a.muence that for the first time in his­ threaten, at the very first hour, there must often stretched a long way out to relieve tory a nation is almost within range of elim- be an appropriate and overwhelming show such problems as transportation to the job, inating them. . of force and determination by all those in arrest records, and poor social habits of those And so, as we watch politicians tinker with authority to insure that the criminal acts willlng to work. the rights of all in order to win favor with are stopped in their 'tracks. It is important All kinds of companies are lowering their minorities, we ask: Is this building a better to note that the number involved in these hiring requirements by such means as break~ America? riots and destruction is very small and does ing down more difficult jobs so that part of The 14th Amendment guarantees us the not involve the majority of those who live the work can be handled by the lesser right not to be deprived of property without in the ghetto area. sk1lled. Through industry generally there is due process of law. Yet that right is so far But the main point to remember about a search !or better ways to encourage, and gone it is not even insurable in parts of many riots is that there is a principle to be de­ use, and improve the capablllties of persons cities. fended in property rights. A man who would who heretofore have been unable to find a It's gone because government will not not sell his life for a million dollars will place in life. adequately defend it against pillage masquer­ sometimes risk it--and with the odds heavily Yes, businessmen are meeting new times ading as protest, or even against the day-to­ agains·t him-trying to protect $20 in his with new measures. Actually, business is in day robbery, arson and vandalism going on wallet from a robber. The ownership prin­ charge of a technological revolution that is in areas of racial sensitivity. ciple is what is being tossed aside for the changing men's lives !aster and more fully The various levels of government have all benefit of rioters, and this is far more im­ than all the new social attitudes are doing. the armed force necessary to protect ghetto portant than the value of the property. Our problems arise because this technological stores and housing but they are not using it. Are they really trying to sell us that we change has come so fast--so blindingly fast-­ The decision to hold back is essentially polit­ should be ready to surrender anything we that we have not been able to develop the ical judgment on the part of a few. It has own without a fight? The politicians preach new kind of human relationships that our not been submitted to any test of public this, but if you put them to the test, you. material progress calls for. sentiment. find it is not what they really mean. Nevertheless, our whole way of life is im­ What is the full meaning of this? If i·t takes Ask them whether they think the police proving, and' technology is bringing vast the permission of mobs to operate a business should also stand aside for a gang of bank social as well as material gains. For all its or a rental housing property in one loca­ robbers, rather than risk human lives in a. ugliness, the ghetto problem is a by-product tion, on what basis is property safe any­ gun battle, and they will say "No." If you of the progress that has relieved hundreds of where else? If extortioners can prey on busi­ asked what's the dtfference between crimes thousands of women, children and men !rom nessmen in riot-prone areas, on the pretense by bank robbers and crimes by looters, they back-breaking toll an.d drudgery on the of sell1ng them protection, what's to prevent would say that the looting is a form of pro­ farms and m menial tasks in the factories. a threat of riots and attendant extortion test again&t social injustice. Of course, the, While many of these persons may not seem from spreading throughout the land? bank robber might also have a grievance to have gained much yet in the exchange of How is the civil rights cause served by against society but he's just one vote. He's. rural poverty for urban poverty, they are no driving businessmen out of ghettoes because expendable. longer forgotten people, and that's putting they are white, or because they are Jewish, I don't know what kind of treatment would. it mildly. or because they are called Uncle Toms? How be recolnmended for looters who managed to In sketching out !or you the business­ many wrongs make a right? get inside a bank during working hours. I man's relevance to the times, as I am trying We are asked to take it for granted that somehow feel that this would be looked upon to do, we come now to the argument that human rights are on a higher plane than a little differently than raids on liquor and while free enterprise provides a better living, property rights, but when we look around television and grocery stores, but I don't it st111 has a backward way of putting ma­ the world at those whose property rights are know why it should be. terial values above human values. We hear restricted, we find them without much per­ The reason why so much of what is going: it said that no matter how much the busi­ sonal freedom of any kind. Basic rights can't on fails to make sense is that the standardf nessman cares for people, he cares for profits be divided. Indeed, the very thing the Negro we are trying to live by have been thrown of! more. This really is the springboard !or the is reaching for is property of his own. If he balance. I mentioned earlier that we are told. notion that human rights are separate and can't be secure in his ownership, what has to expect temporary imbalances, while old apart from and superior to property rights. he to gain? Human rights cannot exist in a wrongs are being remedies, but what we see' Here is the thinking that breeds street and chaotic society. now is that imbalances in the people's rights. campus riots, and it needs careful attention. Having reached the point where a Con­ are not controllable. You can look to business, and nowhere stitutional right is abridged for political We see in practice that over-emphasis on. else, for material progress. And whether you expediency, what do any of us have left? minority rights means neglect of majority credit the businessman for it or not, the fact This time it happens to be the right to hold rights. Courts began extending the legaL is there will not be much sociaJ. progress un­ property. What willit be next? rights of persons accused of crimes, and the less there is economic progress first. This is It may be true that only an alarmist would streets became unsafe for everybody. College­ the problem of the underdeveloped countries consider our rights to life or our right to authorities became unreasonably permissive around the world. And in stronger countries liberty to be in any present danger, but the with small, loud-mouthed and even anti­ the problem still is to keep social gains in fact remains that if it ever became politi­ American campus elements, and the educa­ balance with economic growth. A sagging cally advantageous to take those protootions tion of tens of thousands of young persons. economy, brought about in part by an un­ away from us, a precedent has been made has been violently disrupted. realistic social program, recently forced available. Neither in the courts nor in the college ad-­ Great Britain to cut back on ite national Business has fallen victim to political a-p­ mlnistrative offices have the rights of the ma-. health program-and our own government's peasement of riot and crime, and what has Jority been controlling. excessive spending, mostly for social pur­ been gained by it? Are minority rights any We really don't know where we stand untiL poses, and in a time of a major mll1tary en­ more secure? Has the moral tone of the further tests come. If it is reasonably saf!:' gagement--led us into a fiscal mess with country been improved? Is there more broth­ to riot in ghettoes and on campuses, then_ worldwide consequences. erly love among races than before? Have such how far removed are we in America from. The American free enterprise system is the cities as Washington, Detroit and Newark riots on jobs, or at political meetings? biggest and best fighter that has ever gone been purged of prejudice by all the blood It shouldn't take much mare nerve to. to war against poverty anywhere on earth. and fire? They certainly don't look any bet­ burn tax forms than it does to burn draft. Yes, we have 3.5 per cent of our labor force ter for their experiences. cards. unemployed, but don't forget that we have We are told that lives were saved by with­ The people of Germany presumed too much. 96.5 per cent at work. holding force during the April riots. Th1s is on their state of civilization when they began Yes, we have a relatively small per cent of presented to us as a wise and successful tolerating the excesses of the Nazis. Very our population living in squalor, degrada­ policy-not jus·t an exception that was made soon their nation was wallowing in an orgy· tion, hopelessness and despair in the slums, once and tha·t future rioters had better not of genocide-and worse. and we can, we must, we will do something count on, but rather as a noble experiment Events have gone much too far in our own. about this. But don't forget that the vast worthy of national adoption. country but they would still respond to a . majort ty of Americans lead satisfying and The political argument is t.hat all the simple remedy. All it takes to re-establish rewarding lives. property des·troyed in riots is not worth one order is government's will. The forces of vio­ We are dealing with problems of success, human life, and while that may be true, it is lence and crime can't begin to match us in_ and not of defeat. Air and water pollution, not the relevant point. We tend to forget armed strength. We need only to deal with the blight of our cities, mass transportation that riots are not started by innocent by­ them as we of the majority deal with each needs, traflic and highway problems, crowded standers or children. They are started by other. schools and colleges, all are problems which lawless hoodlums and the disruptive ele- Impose on the rioter the sam.e: likelihood of~ July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19559 punishment that you or I would face for 17. Valedictory: Alba Serrano. Leadership Award, Underhill Certificate, committing the mischief, and the riot fever 18. Sarah J. Hale Song, Florence Donaghy. Amelia Satterthwaite. would be hard to arouse. 19. Recessional: "The Green and Gold," P.S.A.L. Gold Medal Awards, Lydia Gri1Hn, Bend the law back to where the victim of Emma Inglee. Betty Robinson, Amelia Satterthwaite. crime has a rightful advantage over the Musical program under the direction of Driver Education Certificate, Naomi Braun­ criminal and we wouldn't have to be afraid Oland Gaston. stein. to go out-of-doors at night. GRADUATION AWARDS New York Health Education Teachers' Cer­ Our marble statues still show Justice wear­ tificate, A wilda Crespo. General Excellence Medals: Honor Class, Music Chairmen's Association Award Cer­ ing a blindfold, but the smart law-breaker Mllagros Vazquez; Non-Regents Class, Alba knows she is peeking, watching for political tificate, Amelia Satterthwaite. signals, ready to press her thumb down on Serrano. Lincoln Center Student Awards, Marta the side of the scales opposite majority rights. Honor Society Medal, Sylvia Pazos. Garcia, Sylvia Pazos. So it goes with our symbols and so it goes Aux111ary Health Assistant Medal, Sylvia Sachs--John F. Kennedy Memorial Award, with our Constitutional guarantees. Pazos. Naomi Brown. The businessman alone cannot win the Business Education Medal, Milagros Vaz­ Perfect Attendance Pins, Ramona Alicea, struggle for property rights. The whole law­ quez. Naomi Brown, Marta Garcia, Florence Go­ abiding majority will have to stir itself be­ Cosmetology Teachers' Guild Medal, Alba mez, Carmen Jacob, Silvia Knight, Betty fore the trend will change, and this will have Serrano. Owen, Jackalene Resnick, Amelia Satterth­ to be done while there is stlll a majority Fashion Arts Medal, Kathleen Mandes. waite. English Medal, Sylvia Pazos. abiding by the law. Politicians know how to EPHEBIC PLEDGE defeat majority rule by dividing it against Health Education Medal, Milagros Vazquez. Mathematics Medal, Barbara Lopes. With gratitude to my school, with pride in itself. my city and with devotion to my country, I It should not be too di1Hcult at this point Music Medals, Eileen Brown, Francisca Gonzalez. pledge:- for public opinion to calm down the cities "As a graduate, to cherish the traditions by demanding that the various levels of gov­ Science Medal, Florence Gomez. Social Studies Medal, Nina Jones. of Sarah J. Hale Vocational High School; ernment, as needed, put up an overpowering "As a citizen, to work both alone and with show of force of determination at the very Cooperation in Government (Frank Rex- ford Certificates), Naomi Brown, Katherine many to improve my city; and first sign of an outbreak. "As an American, to obey my country's I believe that the question involved is Harris, Loretta, James, Silvia Knight, Ra­ mona Rodriquez. laws and to support and defend its Constitu- whether America is to have a free society or tion." · not. Governor's Committee on Scholastic Achievement, Naomi Brown, Florence Go­ SERVICE PINS mez, Miriam Melendez, Alba Serrano, Mila­ Acknowledgment is hereby given to all gros Vazquez. members of the Class of 1968 who gave of FIFTY-EIGHTH COMMENCEMENT Grand Street Boys Foundation ("Award themselves in the service of the school and EXERCISES OF SARAH J. HALE for Excellence") , Lydia Perez. community. VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, Fashion Crafts Guild Medal, Beverly Oak. In recognition of outstanding service, the BROOKLYN, N.Y., AT BROOKLYN Fashion Arts--Certificate, Lena Marchese. following graduates have been awared Serv­ ACADEMY OF MUSIC, JUNE 25, 1968 Related Science: Textile Key, Nelida Ri- ice Pins: Belinda Blakey, EUeen Brown, vera. Naomi Brown, Irish Burgos, Ouida Bush, Related Science: Ralph Horton Memorial Rose Chapman, Christine Ciabattari, Mada­ Certificate, Beverly Oak. laine Cilento, Awilda Crespo, Rosa Diaz, HON. JOHN J. ROONEY Cosmetology Medal, Alejandra Jimenez; Zoraida Delgado, Olga Domenech, Joan OF NEW YORK Certificates, Joan Ferrara, Madeline Cilento. Ferraro, Priscilla Fleming, Marta Garcia, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Related Science: Cosmetology Key, Diane Florence Gomez, Francisca Gonzalez, Veron­ Neurohr. ica Gurnell, Louise Harley, Katherine Harris, Monday, July 1, 1968 Rebe Sanit Memorial Awards: Medal, Flor­ Sarah Hernandez, Loretta James, Henrietta Mr. ROONEY of New ~ork. Mr. Speak­ ence Gomez; United States Savings Bond, Kornegay, Silvia Knight, Barbara Lopes, er, on last Tuesday morning, June 25, it Marta Garcia. Elena LaPorte, Marie LePore, Yongdoker Business Education Key, Carmen Melendez. Lucas, Lena Marchese, Lucy Marrero, Beatrice was my high honor and great privilege Altholz Award, Rose Chapman. Martin, Louella Massenberg, Miriam Me­ to address the graduates of Brooklyn's Sales Executive Club Medal, Awllda Crespo. lendez, Theresa Mitchell, Irma Navedo, Diane Sarah J. Hale Vocational High School. Underwood Corporation AwardS: For Out- Neurohr, Beverly Oak, Betty Owen, Sylvia The following is the program of this oc­ standing Business Education Student, zo­ Pazos, Lydia Perez, Julia Ramoe, Jackalene casion, including the names of the raida Girau; For Best Typist of the Year, Resnick, Betty Robinson, Ramona Rodriquez, graduates: Pat Scantlebury. Amelia Satterthwaite, Fellcita Torres, MUa­ O.E.A. Belding Medal for Excellence in gros Vazquez. FIFI'Y-EIGHTH COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES Stenography, Julia Ramos. (Sarah J. Hale Vocational High School, Administrative Management Society Medal MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION Brooklyn, N.Y., Brooklyn Academy of in Bookkeeping, Maria Roldan. Rose Shapiro, president; Joseph Barkan, Music, June 25, 1968) Business Education Award Certificate for Aaron Brown, Thomas C. Burke, Lloyd K. PROGRAM Typing, Julia Ramos. Garrison, Morris Iushewitz, John H. Lotz, Clarence Senior. 1. Processional: "Pomp and Circumstance," Business Education Award Certificate for Stenography, Milagros Vazquez. Dr. Bernard E. Donovan, superintendent of Sir Edward Elgar. Schools. 2. Salute to the flag. Related Science: A.H.A. Science Key, Lydia Perez. Dr. Nathan Brown, Executive Deputy 3. Reading of the Scriptures. Superintendent. 4. Ephebic pledge: Naomi Brown and grad­ Association of Teachers of Nursing Cer­ tificate, PriscUla Fleming . . John W. McCarthy, Assistant Superin­ uates. tendent. 5. Song, graduates: "Lift Every Voice and Chemistry Teachers' Club of New York, Certificate, Miriam Melendez. Local School Board: George Boberg, Sing" J . Bosmond John.,on. Prudence Cangiano, Doris Cohen, Ann Hau, 6. Greetings: Horace R. Lapman, principal. New York City Teachers of Biological Sci­ ence Certificate, Olga Domenech. H. Dean Michener, Beatrice Monson, Delia 7. Salutatory: Mllagros Vazquez. Rodriguez, Matilda Salpeter, Clark J. 8. Songs, Choral Club: "I Love Life," Mana­ English Certificate, Julia Ramos. New York City Association of Chairmen of Simmons. zucca,· "Lift Thine Eyes," Albert Logan; "The Horace R. Lapman, Principal. Star," James Ro{/ers. English Certificate, Miriam Melendez. Speech Key, Irma Rodriquez. Robert Erman, Acting Administrative As­ 9. Address: Hon. John J. Rooney, House of sistant. Representatives. Publications Medal, Naomi Serrano; Cer­ tificate, Nina Jones. Susan A. Campbell, Administrative Assist­ 10. Presentation of the Scroll: Naomi ant-Annex. Brown, Carmella Davis. Dramatics Medal, Alejandra Jimenez: Cer­ tificate, Nina Jones. Helen D. Logan, Guidance Counselor. 11. Song, graduates: "Man of La Mancha," Bernard Wolinez, Chairman-Academic Mitch Leigh. Social Studies Certificate, Marta Garcia. Association of Teachers of Social Studies Subjects. 12. Presentation of Awards: Horace R. Lap­ Elsa C. Hall, Acting Chairman-Art­ man, principal. Certificate, Nelida Rivera. Student Government Key, Ramona Rod- Fashion Arts. 13. Song, graduates: "Listen to the Lambs," Mary Slaughter, Acting Chairman-Busi­ R. Nathaniel Dett. riquez. . 14. Presentation of graduating class: Rose Richard Welling G. 0. Conference Award, ness Education. L. Bellucci, senior advisor. Silvia Knight. Anne McCarthy, Chairman-Cosmetology. 15. Presentation of Diplomas: Horace R. Carthan Memorial Award Medal, Lydia Helena Kawecki, Chairman-Health Lapman. Gr11Hn. Careers. 16. Presentation of class gift: Diane Neu- Mae M. Jacobs Memorial Award Medal, Roy Glick, Chairman-Related Technical. rohr. Annie Holmes. Rose L. Bellucci, Advisor-Class of 1968. '19560 l~X'I)ENSIONS OF 1 R):~ARKS July 1, 1968

,!:. ·f. !' GRADUATES, JUNE 1968 Perez, Naomi ,Shannon, Gladys • Albi, who is a constituent of my good friend Business education Powell, Vergenia Tirado, Anna and colleague, Congressman Herbert Tenzer Ramos, Sarah Torres, Felicita L. of Nassau County, Long Island, to address Aleman, Yolanda Harris, Katherine Resnick, Torres, Maria I. you today. Alicea, Ramona Iris Hernandez, Daisy Jackalene E. Torres, Til.mn Not too long ago the completion of high Ahavitate, Elizabeth Hernandez, Nilda Rivera, Nelida Tucker, Linda school meant the end of formal education Bayon, Carmen A. Hernandez, Rosari? S. Sanchez,Migdalia Valezquez, Luz C. for most graduates. Today it marks the be· Bellido, Marie M. · Holmes, Annie J. Satterthwaite, vmanueva, ginning of a whole new area of continued Bordoy, Sonia F. · Knight, Silvia. 0. 'Amtma Marcolina study. For some of you it means going on Bordoy, Sonia. G. Kornegay, Henrietta L. Health careers to college. For some of you it means enroll­ Burgos, Iris N. Lamboy, Ill1ana ing in the university of hard knocks which Bush, Ouida LaPorte, Elena Alvarez, Doris Mayes, Mwrtha is another way of saying taking on a full Capella, Gladys Leverson, Dorthinia Andrews, Roberta McDuffie, LeGladys time job. If you are to succeed you will Chapman, Rose Lopez, Adela. A. Aycock, Deborah Melendez, Miriam have to take advantage of the added learn­ Crespo, Awilda Maldonado, Dominga. Belle, Francina Murdaugh, Phyllis ing which is available to you-learning cruz, Miriam Marrero, Lucy S. Caban, Edna Myrick, Renee which you can get both on and off the job. CUnningham, Betty J.Massenburg, Louella F'air, Patricia Padilla, Irma One of the most gratifying rewards coming · CUstodio, Margarita Medina, Luz M. Fleming, Priscilla M. Pazos, Sylvia to me as a Member of the United States Delgado, Zoraida Melendez, Carmen M. Floyd, Fran<:es Perez, Jenny Congress has been to initiate and support Diaz, Rosa I. Montanez, Blanca Gant, Cynthda Perez, Lydia the enaction of laws which give the youth Durand, Gladys Nieves, Esther M. Garcia, Martha Pinckney, Valorie of our country increased educational op­ Falcon, Evelyn Ortiz, Olga I. Glover, Lynette Quinones, Norma portunities and broadened job training. Faulk, Renee Owen, Betty Graham, Marian Riley, Jeannette I hope you all plan to pursue these studies, Feliciano, Rosa Payton, Joann Gonzalez, Brunilda Robinson, Betty because there is not a shadow of doubt that Figueroa., Carmen J. Ramirez, Elizabeth Griffin, Lydia Rodriguez, Ramona you will need them. Foruieca: Emily Ramos, Julia. Hinson, Rosemary Simmons, Felicia But whether or not you engage in any FoDJtanez, Mirta. M. Rivers, Gloria J. Howard, Diane M. Tatum, Sandra further schooling you will be faced with a Ford, Antoinette M. Rodriguez, Eloina. Huggins, Patricia Louise continuing learning process. Graduation day Fournier, Leonor M. Roldan, Marla. V. James, Loretta , Toro, Maria is frequently and aptly called commence­ Freeman, Lorraine C. Sanderlin, Jackie Jett, Sh-arlie M. Torres, Maria Elena ment day. It means the end of some things Funches, Shurry Santiago, Carmen M. Jones, Margie Torres, Mariana and the beginning of many new ones. You a.re Garcia, Marla C. Scantlebury, Patricia J .. ucas, Yongdoker Vasquez, Doris proceeding through a door which will close Garcia, Marta. Scurry, Anne GRADUATES, JANUARY 1968 upon many of the fam111ar things in your Garcia, Norma I. Serrano, Maria. A. lives; things that are so familiar that you Girau, Zora1da. Sierra, Maria. A. Business ecluca'tian Burgos, Evelyn Robinson, Gloria don't realize their existence until you begin Gomez, Florence Sosa, Doris to miss them. ' Goods, Diane Valentin, Carmen S. Cosmetology Today marks the end of ftrm and intimate Gumell, Veronica Vazquez, Ml.la.gros Chirico, Binda. control over the daily lives of many of you. Barley, Louise Vereen, Maggie Health careers Where you go, with whom you go, when you Williams, Elmira Sutto;n, Jo Ann. return, what you will wear, how much you Cosmetology will spend all will soon become decisions of At thi~ point I should like to include your own. Making your own decisions hence­ Avner, Sandra Lopes, Bwrbara A. the message to the 1968 graduating class forth is one of the most gruelling and diffi· Bacigalupo, Adeline Lopez, Carmen M. . addressed to all its members by Presi­ cui t learning processes you will ever Blakey, Belinda Lucas, Catherine H. dent Lyndon B. Johnson: encounter. Brady, Dorothy D. Maestre, Madga As you emerge from your teens you will Braunstein, Naomi Martin, Francine H. THE WHITE HOUSE, not be admonished or forced to comply with Brown, Eileen H. Mauorah, Paula washington, D.C. rules and regulations, but it will be assumed Cacciola, Angela M. Medina, Tomasa To the 1968 Graduating Class, Hale Voca­ you are, mature enough to conform without Cardona, Judith Melendez, Maritza tional High School: external pressures. Are you ready ;for this Ciabattari, Christina Mer.cado, Lydia Let me extend to each of you the warm responsibility? Claffone, Donna MariaMicciche, Joyce P .. congratula·tions of a former teacher who, in Tomorrow you w111 become increasingly on Oia1o, Elaine, Mojica, Sy~via spi:rtt, shares yQur sense of achievement. your own. And the learning process will Cilento, 'Madalaine F: Nangano, Lisa R. - You ~ve laid a foundation for useful and often be painful. You will be amazed to ftnd Cordero, Evenessa A. Navedo, Irma. satisfying lives. Before you get on with the out how much things cost when you begin Correa, Emma R. Neurohr, Diane S. work, r would like to offer a few thoughts to provide them for yourselves. You will be· ·cupito, Virginia R. Olejarz, Regina that you may find useful. gin to realize the multitude of items and Dallara, Rose Paccione, Jenny The passiOn to succeed, to achieve great services which mom and dad have provided Delgado, Aida Anne things, is strongest in youth. Heed it. Do not for you and which you have taken for DeMauro, Georgiana Parmegiani, squander your lives in pet:ty pursuits. Com­ granted all these years. M. Amelia A. mit yourselves now to a course that will You will make another startling discovery, DiLustro, Geraldine Paryzer, Marlene strengthen you for the trials and opportu­ too. You will discover that your father is far M. Perez, Carmen L. nities of life. ·wiser than you've been willing to credit him Dolan, Joyce M. Perrera, Jeanette J. Prize your individuality always. Whatever and that your mother hasn't been so old· Domenech, Olga Iris Piro, A.lngela your P'lace .in society, whatever your work, fashioned after all. And believe it or not F~rr.aro, Joan Lillian Piscitello, Caterina do not surrende·r your self-reliance or com­ many of you will soon be seeking the par­ Frascona, Janet Puccio, Theresa. promise your independence. Liberty is and ental guidance which you have tended to Fricano, JoAnne Ramos, Aida. always will be your most precious posse813ion. spurn. Gainya.rd, Diane Rodriguez, Irma. .N. Guard it well. You will discover that time is a very Garcia, Gladys M. Romero, Edie E. Direct your enm-gies, your talents, and precious thing-an item of which you wlll Giustra, Angela San Inocencio, yoW' des.ires to what is best for yourselves never have enough. You will discover the Gonzalez, Frances and best for your country. We look to you value of a sense of timing and the ab111ty to Francisca T. Saroli, Elena to redeem what is wrong in our national Gonzalez, Irene Savarese, Tessa put first things first. past and to build. what will be great in our I am sure that many otf you these past Granato, Conootta Serrano, AlbaN. naJtional future. days in struggling to get in overdue papers, Jimenez, AleJandra. - Siegal, Andrea Let this be your wish: tha.t you may look Jones, Nina Soto, Carmen in cramming for examinations or in trying to back upon this graduation-from no matter meet deadlines of one kind or other have Lepore, Maria Vega, Sandra Iris how many years hence-with the conviction vowed to yourselves that next year in college Fashion arts that you have treated all men with honesty or on the job you will do better. Alaia, Carol · Marohese, Lena and 'goodwill, that you have put your heart You vow that you will get your assdgn­ Marsh, Lorraine into your work, that you have done your bes.t. ments in on time. You will get the most out Bantan, Mary LYNDON B. JOHNSON. Brown, Naomi Arlene Martin, Beatrice of whatever you are expected to do. But my Cagg.iano, Rosemary Mercado, Celia B. I am also including with the fore­ young friends it is unfortunate that these going insertions, the text of my address noble self-promises are not likely to come Caldwe,ll, Maryilyn Miranda, Senaida to pass. Mitchell, Theresa Camacho, Dora to the young ladies of the' 1968 gradu­ For most of you the die has been oast. Oaro, Judith Neal, Veronica ating class: What you will do in life will largely dupli­ DeJesus, Helen Oak, Beverly Mr. Lapman, Mr. Lotz, Superintendant cate what you have been doing for the pas.t Ellis, Jerlean Ortiz, Milagros M. McCarthy, Mrs. Cohen, distinguished guests, several years. Kaplan, Beverly Osuna, Evelyn members of the faculty, and my young Yes, it is sad to oontemplate. But you Mandes, Kathleen M. Pwrker, Patricia friends, I was happy to respond to the in­ laggards will continue to lag; you loafers will Marcano, Helen E. Pereira, Maria vitation of your program director, Mr. Mario continue to loaf; you playgirls will continue July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS' 1~561 to play; you butterflies will continue. to flit; Thus it is I cannot condone the acts of honest with yourself, you can't be honest and you procrastinators will continue to put some youth groups who fail to see the advan­ with others. off essential things until the tomorrow which tages their own country offers them. Do they I shall pause here at the conclusion of never comes. not realize you are coming of age in a period only nine of the ten high school command­ I suppose I should " tell you what most of great transition? The atomic age is but in Ip.ents. Perhfl.pS these admonitions have a commencement speakers all over the land are its infancy with horizons unlimited for those fam111ar ring. If they don't, they should have, telling graduating classes. Tha.t you repre­ Of you with scientific minds. We have not yet because they are but a modernizing of good sent tomorrow's hope; that "unto you the approached the peak of mechanization, and advice given several centuries ago. The ·Bard torch is passed"; that the golden streets of the possib1lities in the fields of transporta­ of Avon, one Blll Shakespeare, put them in opportunity and fame are open to you, and tion, manufacture, distribution and utiliza­ the mouth of one of his characters. Remem­ so on and so on. tion for human comfort and satisfaction are ber Polonius' advice .to Laertes which begins, I would be less than honest 1f I painted likewise without limit. The strides made "Give thy thoughts no tongue or any unpro­ such a rosy future for you. It is true some within the last decade in the field of medi­ portioned thought his act". of you will make good. A few of you will cine, surgery and the coutrol of disease and The tenth commandment is one of my own. achieve fame and fortune. And all of you human ailments offer to those of you inter­ It is: "Be well-rounded but not a square." could enjoy a fuller, richer life if you follow ested in this profession a boundless opportu­ This is a day of specialization. In fact there a few suggestions which I am about to offer nity to achieve a satisfactory career. A re­ is a danger that we shall become overspecial­ to you. vival of spiritual interests and a spectacular ized. It's wise to learn as much as you can Some young men and women are able to increase in awareness of church activities de­ about as many things as you can. Multiple tear asunder the self-made mold which en­ mand more clergymen, priests and rabbis. interests preclude warping. If you know only gulfs them. This rarely is the result of their The world has become so much more com­ sports; you can't enjoy life's full benefits own energies or will. Their "breakout" is plex, the tempo of the life of its people so which include the arts. If you know only sci­ more often the result of external shock such accelerated, and with the interdependence of ence, you wm fail to appreciate the humani­ as the death of the family's breadwinner or its people on one another so acute, the field ties which govern the output of science. exposure to some family tragedy. Sometimes of the social sciences has scarcely been ex­ More could be said in this respect; it's sum­ the shackles of habit are broken if they are plored. In fact our social progress, whether cient to point out that the acquisition of suddenly confronted with the facts of life. in terms of political concepts, foreign policy, only one element of human interest is of less I will feel my time well spent if but one or domestic issues, or social welfare approaches value than a well-rounded understanding of two of you take my words to heart and has failed to keep pace with our achieve­ many. really make an effort to reassess the priori ties ments in pure science, mechanization and All ten commandments can be summed up in your lives and put first things first as physical developments. There is a graphic by merely suggesting that you live .•• gen­ you move forward from this fateful day. shortage of teachers, economists, social scien­ erously ... dangerously, but not recklessly I suggest we turn back the time machine tists and political scientists. . . widely and wisely. · for almost a century and a half and hear From your ranks this shortage must be Thank you and Godspeed to each of you. the promise a lanky barefoot boy in home­ met. You, then, will enter and probably leave spuns made to himself "I will study and pre­ college or pursue a vocation with the most pare and maybe my chance will come." golden of opportunities open to you. I can as­ Young Abe Lincoln did study and he did pre­ sure you this is in sharp contrast to the fu­ LAW-ENFORCEMENT CREDO pare and you well know how his chance did ture your parents of the last generation oome. faced. I suggest that you take inventory of your Much of . what I have said to you this assets and your 11ab111ties. Such an inventory morning may SO\lnd negative but I assure HON. ·FRANK E. MOSS must include your father and your mother, you it is not. The negative elements concern OF UTAH your immediate family, your church, your those things y'oli take for granted in life and neighborhood, your schools and your ~h­ those things which you have left undone. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ers. What have e~h of these invested in I wm now close with some very specific Monday, July 1, 1968 you? What did it cost not only in dollars and suggestions and I'm going to put them to cents to keep you in school, but what sac­ you in language I hope you will understand. I Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the Salt rifices and personal needs were foregone by would call them the "ten commandments for Lake Area Chamber of Commerce, with your family to see that you got what was high school grad~ates." headquarters in Salt Lake City, recently needed? 1. Don't talk too much. A good listener is adopted a law-enforcement credo. I am Against these precious items list now the an appreciated conversationalist. The leaky pleased to see the chamber take the ini­ manner in which you have settled your debts faucet is an irritation-don't be a drip. and have met your obligations. Have you tiative and leadership in stating its poosi­ 2. Think before .yoo ac_t. The excuse you I made full use of the advantages given you? made to your parents-"! didn't think"­ tion . on law enforcement, and con­ Have you shown even a llttle appreciation won't go over with your professors, your class­ gratulate its leadership and membership for ·what has been made available to you? mates or your bosses. in adopting a forceful resolution. Is it stlll· possible to write off some of these 3. Study and evaluate the people whom you Especi-ally do I invite attention to the obligations with belated thanks or gracious meet, but don't express your opinion. Ob­ paragraph in which the Salt Lake Area acts of kindness? serve the value of "first impressions." Look Chamber of Commerce calls on all lead­ . I suggest, too, that you compare your lot for the good in people first, the bad will come ers at every level of government-in vil­ with that of girls your own ages in countries to the surface soon enough. abroad. Contrast the limits of education lages, towns, cities, counties, States, and 4. Be jrie7J.dly but distinguish between true the Nation-to enforce all laws to pro­ available to them; compare the rigid social friends and acquaintances. Do your utmost to code of behavior with your freedom and fun­ hold onto real friends even to the point of tect our leaders and to help to assure filled years. Compare "the advantages of great sacrifice. ,. the peace and tranquillity guaranteed to American life which are yours to enjoy with 5. Don't carry a chip on your shoulder. You all cit.izens. We need a reaffirmation of the privations which face other youth all our devotion tO law, and' cert~nly we over the world. And as you make these com­ are liable to get it and your block knocked parisons remember who has been respon­ off. It's fa:r easier to get into a quarrel than need a strengthening and thoughtful aP­ sible for the good things of life which you lit is to get out. However, 1f you are forced plication of local law enforcement. enjoy. into one make it good. I ask unanimous consent that the Some of you are first generation Americans 6. Hang on to your own belongings. You or credo be printed in the Extensions of as I am and you know well the advantages your parents will have invested heavily in Remarks. you have today in contrast to those available clothes, books and equipment. Have your own There being no objection, the credo things and don't be dependent on others. Be to your parents in the "old country." was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, cautious of lenc~Ung. Nobody loves his banker, These benefits which are yours f.or the as follows: taking have been made possible by the "es­ and you can't buy prestige or popularity by tablishment" which the lunatic fringe today putting others under obligation to you. CHAMBER ADOPTS LAw-ENFORCEMENT CREDO deplores. Your parents and your neighbors 7. Don't be a peacock or a ·clothes horse­ At the regular meeting of the Board of and their parents before them have made clothes make a man or woman and clothes Governors of the Salt Lalce Area Chamber of possible this glorious Amedcan heritage for also make a man or woman conspicuous. Commerce, Board. members approved and you to possess and enjoy--or you can follow There's no need to lead the pack with fash­ adopted a resolution to encourage the full the slap-happy crowd who find fault with all ions or contrariwise to remain outmoded. enforcement of laws. In making the proposal, they survey. Observe reasonable customs. Max E. Rich, Executive Vice President of the It has been my good fortune to have trav­ 8. Be considerate of others. Generosity pays Chamber, stated that "There is nothing se­ eled widely throughout the world. I have met greater dividends than stinginess. Too much riously wrong with America that reaffirmation with young people of many races and nation­ use of the capital "I" makes people "!-sore." by our citizenry of their faith in democracy alities and I have been made aware of the 9. Be true to yourself. You can't kid your and concerted action to abide by laws will privations which face them and the limits of own ego. Anybody who tries to fool himself not correct." education and advancement open to them. or herself is a fool indeed. If you can't be "Those individuals responsible for the as- 19562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 sassination of national leaders are out­ offer my congratulations to the able and each club president for presentation to the rageous examples of the complete disregard distinguished men and women who have Mayor and Chief of Pollee of each oity in for laws and respect of the rights of others," contributed to its success. the State of Indiana. Mr. Rich continued. He explained that crim­ inals violate many laws even before the It is no small achievement to establish punitive crime is committed. a national political organization and win The following resolution was then pre­ general recognition and respect as ACA RHODESIA-SANCTIONS TAKE A sented for Board consideration and was has done in 10 years. unanimously adopted. It is similar to reso­ Special credit and recognition should BITE lutions being adopted by other chambers of be given Adm. Ben Moreen who has commerce across the nation. served as chairman of ACA and Charles RESOLUTION A. McManus, its very able executive HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. "There is increased violence, crime and director. OF MICHIGAN lawlessness in the cities and states of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country which has been shown in many Monday, July 1, 1968 ways: INDIANA BUSINESS AND PRO­ "The assassination of three of our most Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, in this era highly respected leaders. FESSIONAL WOMEN SUPPORT of mass communications media and pub­ "The increasing crime of all types and the ANTICRIME EFFORTS lic relations consciousness, the Ameri­ lawless fiaunting the laws and courts. can public often is inundated with press "The use of the right to demonstrate has reports designed to influence their opin­ abrogated the long cherished right of owner­ HON. VANCE HARTKE ship of property. ion on controversial issues. Certainly "Students have shown a lack of respect OF INDIANA this is true regarding southern Africa, for their schools, their fac111ties, their leader­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES that continent's most nearly insoluble ship and even the rights of fellow students. Monday, July 1, 1968 problem area where five of the political "Many of America's small businesses, the divisions are ruled in one form or an­ backbone of our economic system, have had Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the In­ other by white minority governments. their property insurance cancelled because diana Federation of Business and Pro­ Concerning Southern Rhodesia in par­ of the violations of their property rights by fessional Women's Clubs, Inc., recently ticular, we read many reports from one others. celebrated its golden anniversary at its "The individual rights of many Americans source or another to the effect that eco­ have been violated and even denied because State convention in Indianapolis on June nomic sanctions have not hurt Rhodesia of the actions of others. 7 through June 9. Comprised of working but have in fact increased its prosper­ "The success of a democracy is based upon women in all phases of business and pro­ ity. Still other articles announce tri­ intelllgent, moderate and tolerant thought fessional life, the Indiana federation has umphantly that new constitutional pro­ of all its people. Disagreement must be made consistently stood and worked for those posals being studied by the Rhodesian with respect. The majority cannot appease or ideals to which our Nation is steadfastly Government show that the Smith regime acquiesce to a militant few. Society can only committed. At its State convention the exist and continue with law and order. Indiana federation approved and adopted is, after all, willing eventually to share "No nation can prevent all violence, but it governmental powers with the country's can insist on the enforcement of laws de­ a resolution of timely importance urging large African majority. signed to minimize and discourage violence. support for the President, the Governor Fortunately, competent experienced In recent years, there have been numerous of Indiana, Indiana mayors and all law­ reporters visit Southern Rhodesia from reductions of court sentences, overturning enforcement officials in their efforts to­ of long standing principles of jurisprudence, ward prevention and control of civil dis­ time to time and present us with some and the release of convicted or confessed turbances and in their fight against degree of evidence to counteract the criminals for seemingly little or inconse­ crime. I wish to commend the Indiana large volume of public output from what quential reasons. In addition, the Supreme Federation of Business and Professional might be called the Rhodesia lobby, both Court of the United States has recently in this country and abroad. These re­ issued a ruling that would virtually invali­ Women's Clubs, Inc., for this resolution porters show us that neither is economic date capital punishment in all states. and to congratulate them on the golden prosperity so assured nor are political "It is the position of the Salt Lake Area anniversary of their Indiana federation. Chamber of Commerce that it is time for I ask that the resolution be printed in trends so rosy in Southern Rhodesia as the American public to organize itself and the RECORD following my remarks. some would have us believe. insist on law enforcement at all levels of There being no objection, the resolu­ One of the most respected economic government. It is time that all Americans tion was ordered to be printed in the journals of the English-speaking world, call on the courts, judges and all those in RECORD, as follows: the Economist of London, covers South­ authority to help safeguard the future of the ern Rhodesia regularly, and its June 8 states and cities of our Nation by meting RESOLUTION issue carries a report from its Salisbury out proper punishment to those who violate Whereas, the National FederSition of Busi­ correspondent on the quite serious eco­ the rights of others. ness and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., "The Salt Lake Area Chamber of Commerce adopted a resolution in July, 1967, at the nomic difficulties now prevailing and in calls on all leaders at every level of govern­ National Convention in New York Olty, sup­ prospect in Southern Rhodesia. The ment in v1llages, towns, cities, counties, porting the President of the United States, Economist points up this situation states and the Nation, to enforce all laws governors, mayors and law enforcement om­ graphically in its report: to protect our leaders and to help assure the cials in using full strength to restore and Rhodesia's industrialists have warned Mr. 'peace and tranquillity' guaranteed to all maintain law and order resulting from crime, Ian Smith more bluntly than ever before citizens. riots, and demonstrations; and that economic progress requires a return to "The Salt Lake Area Chamber of Commerce Whereas, the All Systems Go in Civic Par­ normal trading with the outside world. calls on all other chambers-local, state, and ticipaJtion has urged program planning to national-and their members, to take similar include a study of crime and its prevention; I insert into the RECORD this article actions in their own areas and to join in a Therefore, be it resolved, That the Indiana which concludes "Perhaps sanctions are nation-wide concerted effort to secure full Federation of Business and Professional at long last beginning to work." law enforcement and greater respect for law Women's Olubs, Inc., assembled in Indian­ The article follows: enforcement and personnel." apolis, Indiana, June 8, 1968, support Presi­ dent Johnson, Governor Branigin, and all SANCTIONS TAKE A BITE Indiana mayors and all law enforcement Rhodesia's industrialists have warned Mr. omcial·s in their efforts toward the prevention Ian Smlth more bluntly than ever before TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ACA and control of civil disturbances and in their that economic progress requires a return to fight against crime. normal trading with the outside world. Any Be it further resolved, Tha.t the Indiana new Rhodesian constitution, they argue, HON. FRANK T. BOW Federation of Business and Professional must be acceptable to the world's major OF OHIO Women's Clubs, Inc., through its program trading nations. For some time they have seek to instill in its members the need for been pressing their points in heated private IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES respect for the law and an obligation to exchanges with the Smith regime. They have Monday, July 1, 1968 develop the spiritual and moral sensibility been accused of wanting a "sell-out." Now of our citizens. they have brought their demands into the Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, Friday marked Be it further resolved, That a copy of this open. the lOth anniversary of the Americans resolution be sent to President Johnson, to On May 22nd, at the annual congress of the for Constitutional Action and I wish to Governor Branigin and copies to be sent to Association of Rhodesian Industries, the July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19563 theme was announced sharply by the presi­ Today, almost 3 years later, the Ameri­ The free use of the mother tongue is dent, Mr. William Perry of Lancashire Steel. can Hungarian Federation informs me guaranteed. Delegate after delegate played variations on much of the same situation prevails. Ac­ the theme, accompanied by applause, in the The 1952 Constitution read: presence of visibly unhappy members of the cording to the federation, this is the sit­ The Rumanian People's Republic guaran­ Smith government. Some 200 manufacturers uation today: tees its Hungarian population in the Szekely were present, representing 90 per cent of sec­ Though the visa requirements for region where it lives as a compact bloc its ondary industrial production. They heard Mr. travel between Hungary and Rumania administrative and territorial autonomy. Perry warn Rhodesia that it could not afford were abolished and Bishop Aron Marton to ignore the looming threat of mandatory of Alba- Julia-Gyulafehervar-is no Cultural autonomy also has been weak­ sanctions on all its trade--a threat that has longer under house arrest, in other fields ened. Tatu reported: become a reality with the Security Council's little or no improvement can be dis­ A book exhibition in Hungarian language unanimous resolution of May 29th. is hela. about every two years but always in Just before the 1965 declaration of inde­ cerned. Bucharest and never in Cluj (Kolozsvar) or pendence, business was fiourishing. Exports The present Rumanian Economic Tirgu Mures (Marosvasarhely) where the of manufactured goods to Zambia and Malawi Council, appointed on February 7, 1968, most knowledgeable public lives. The Opera were going up. Never had Rhodesia's balance by a decree of the State Council, con­ at Cluj (Kolozsvar) may receive occasion­ of payments been so healthy. But the indus­ tains no one of Hungarian origin though ally an artist from Budapest but no soloist trialists' warnings were ignored by the Smith it has 24 members, all of them leading perform who are from beyond the frontier. men, the farmers and many top civil servants, ministry officials and managers. The Two years ago the Transylvanian capital was and the plunge was taken. host to the Comedie Francaise but never to Came the clampdown on imports to con­ Minister of Internal Trade, Mihai the Attila Theater of Budapest which only is serve foreign exchange, and the shrinking of Levente, the only Hungarian in the cen­ allowed to come to Bucharest. The most rep­ Rhodesia's export markets under the pres­ tral Government except for the half­ utable Hungarian Theater group of Tigu sure of sanctions. Hundreds of factories Hungarian Moghioros, was removed on Mures (Marosvasarhely) has never performed switched to the home market. New industries March 29, 1968, and was not given an in Hungary since 1958 and the last time a opened up. Today it is fairly hard to find equivalent job. Hungarian theate·r group visited in Transyl­ imported goods in the shops. Some manufac­ Dispersal of college and university vania was 1946. turers have made a lot of money in this graduates in areas outside of Transyl­ hungry market. They say so frankly. Others, There are many examples of economic especially the manufacturers of textiles, foot­ vania continued unabated as the State discrimination and political discrimina­ wear and radios, did well in the compara­ determines their first position. In addi­ tion. The new county of Hargita, which tively new South African market until the tion, the number of Hungarian sections was created of the core area of the for­ recent restrictions secured by alarmed South in the various primary and secondary mer Mures-Magyar autonomous region African manufacturers. This is the bitterest grades and classes continue to decrease; and has a totally Hungarian population, blow of all, especially as South Africa has there are only 1,700 classes in all of meanwhile captured former Rhodesian mar­ has a Rumanian Party Secretary and a Transylvania in which instruction in Rumanian chairman of the people's kets in Zambia and Malawi. Hungarian is given in the majority of Now the home market is reaching satura­ council. In addition, the percentage of tion point. The south African market doesn't subjects. This includes both grade schools Hungarians in state administration is look so good. Manufacturers need to move and high schools. There are 1.75 million steadily decreasing in all but the Szekely into the wider export field again if growth Hungarians and there must be at least areas and even there Hungarians are rates are to be maintained, factories kept 300,000 young men and women of Hun­ used usually in low- and middle-echelon busy and labour employed. There are fears garian origin between the ages of 6 and positions. of infiation and of African unrest. 18 in the province. Even counting 30 In this 20th anniversary year of the At the recent annual congress loud applause people per class, 1,700 classes comprise greeted Dr. Denis Berens, a pharmaceutical Universal Declaration of Human Rights manufacturer, who said that: "Any form of only 51,000 students, leaving five-sixths we cannot abandon our commitment to worthwhile sustained economic growth can of the Transylvanian Hungarian school­ personal freedom. Any demonstration by only come to Rhodesia through a settlement children attending Rumanian schools the Rumanians that they are commit­ with Britain in the political sphere." As Mr. where they do not receive any education ted to the same principle, it seems to me, Coulthard of the Metal Box Company said: in Hungarian. could lead to improved United States­ "that view should have been expressed by The situation on college and university Rumanian relations. us long ago." level is no better. Michel Tatu, the East Delegates knew well that this was highly Le unpopular talk among the rank and file of European reporter of Monde, in a se­ the ruling Rhodesian Front party, and ex­ ries of articles in 1967, reported that the tremely embarrassing to the Smith govern­ rector, three vice rectors, and seven of TEN YEARS OF MERITORIOUS ment. Some observers see this congress as the the eight deans and 61 percent of the fac­ SERVICE beginning of powerful big business pressure ulty and students in Babes-Bolyai Uni­ to force an end to the deadlock. True, the versity were Rumanian. Babes-Bolyai is regime and it supporters are totally unpre­ the oni:· university in Rumania designed HON. W. E. (BILL) BROCK pared for a new round of negotiations with to instruct students of Hungarian origin OF TENNESSEE Britain, even if they want one, which is doubtful. But perhaps sanctions are at long in Hungarian-language courses. The uni­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last beginning to work. versity was created in 1959 out of the merger of the Rumanian language Babes Monday, July 1, 1968 and Hungarian language Bolyai univer­ Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs­ sities in the capital of Transylvania, day marked the lOth anniversary of a SITUATION OF HUNGARIANS IN highly respected political action organi­ TRANSYLVANIA

of law-abiding citizens in future Su­ Last week Presi~ent Johnson reluctantly point. I commend this Alaska statute to preme Court decisions. As reported by signed into law the omnibus crime bill, a few the attention of all Members as a re­ Donald McDonough in the Philadelphia sections of which attempt to counteract some Supreme Court rulings. sponsible approach to the unlawful use Inquirer of June 23, the National Frater­ If Harrington has his way, the Federal of firearms. nal Order of Police will begin circulating Government will find out how many Ameri­ The statute follows: throughout the 50 States petitions for a cans object to the trends in jurisprudence. LAWS OF ALASKA, 1968: HB 333, "redress of grievances" against the Su­ "Our petitions will show that the people CHAPTER No. 144 preme Court. Reiterating the theme of are not satisfied with the recent Supreme An act relating to the commission of certain Justice White cited above, John J. Har­ Court decisions," Harrington said. crimes with firearms rington, president of the organization, Be it enacted by the Legislature of the states that "the Supreme Court has been State of Alaska: crying for the criminal and not weeping ALASKA'S APPROACH TO RESPONSI- Section 1. AS 11.15 is amended by adding for the victim." Momentum for the drive BLE GUN LEGISLATION AND THE a new section to read: was initiated by a speech by Judge Leo CRIME STATISTICS "Sec. 11.15.295. Use of Firearms During the Commission of Certain Crimes. A person Weinrott of the Philadelphia Common who uses or carries a firearm during the com­ Pleas Court whose call for the petition- HON. HOWARD W. POLLOCK mission of a robbery, assault, murder, rape, ing of Congress was implemented under oF ALAsKA burglary, or kidnapping is guilty of a felony the auspices of the police fraternal or- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and upon conviction for a. first offense is pun­ ganization. ishable by imprisonment for not less than 10 It seems to me that here is an excellent Monday, July 1, 1968 years. Upon conviction for a second or sub­ sequent offense in violation of this section, opportunity for concerned citizens to tell Mr. POLLOCK. Mr. Speaker, during the offender shall be imprisoned for not less the Supreme Court, Congress, and the the past several weeks there has been than 25 years." executive branch that members of these an ever-increasing clamor for Federal three branches are still truly the servants legislation to prohibit or restrict accessi­ As a citizen and as a Member of this of the American people, employed by the bility of all firearms and am'munition. august body, I too am shocked and con­ American people, and answerable to the The proponents of this new, and in my cerned about the increase in crime. How­ American people, and that changes had opinion, unconstitutional Federal anti­ ever, I am equally amazed at the statis­ better be made to protect the security of gun legislation claim that such action tical evidence on crime that is consist­ the individual and his property-or is necessary to' protect our citizens and ently misrepresented to "prove" the need changes will be made to restrict or re- ' this is "responsible" legislation which for new Federal antigun legislation. I move responsible officials. would control the criminal element of shall pursue the matter of crime sta­ I insert the article, "Court Restric- our society. The need for this Federal tisti·cs a bit further in just a moment. tions Spur Protests," by Donald A. Me- antigun legislation is premised upon But first, Mr. Speaker, I would like to Donough, appearing in the Philadelphia first, the shocking national rate of in­ remind the Members of this body of some Inquirer of June 23, in the RECORD at crease in crimes and particularly the of the pertinent provisions included in this point: number of crimes involving the use of the Safe Streets Act which was signed COURT RESTRICTIONS SPUR PROTESTS firearms; and second, the inability Of into law less than 2 weeks ago. (By Donald A. McDonough) the several States to control the use of Title IV of the Safe Streets Act is what the President termed the "half-way" A local effort to gather signatures protest­ firearms within their separate jurisdic­ ing recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on tions. The proponents of this new Fed­ measure which, among other things, pro­ criminal cases is blossoming into a national eral antigun legislation make it abun­ hibits interstate sale of handguns. Let drive. dantly clear that there is only one reson­ us examine a provision of this title which John J. Harrington, a Philadelphia police­ sible course Congress can take-and that goes to the heart of the matter. Section man and president of the National Fraternal we must act immediately. 922 (a) (3) Ukraine in read a document in which phrases arbltrartly out of world markets, a weakening in the 1965-66. The second is from a letter ad­ chosen out of context from the court records strength of the dollar, and sky-high interest dressed to Pyotr Y. Shelest, the Ukrainian were supposed to prove that all those who costs. party leade,r. had been sentenced accepted their sentence All of these things could have been avoided as a just retribution for their acts. 1f the government had followed the advice ACCOUNT OF TRIALS A statement as made from a high tribune of economists as long as two years ago and It seemed that nothing W·as happening that there had been no organized action brought our deficit under control by increas­ during August and September of 1965 to af­ against the Ukrainian intelllgentsia, tha.t ing taxes and reducing spending. But such fect the usual rhythm of life in the Ukraine. only a few criminals who had no connection steps were politically unpalatable, and re­ Newspapers wrote of new victories on the with intellectual societies had been arrested. ceived little more than lip service in Wash­ labor front. The editorial of Moscow's Pravda It is true that the names of the majority ington. urged a strengthening of friendship between of those who were sentenced are not at all, We know from experience that taxation is nationalities and warned that the party or only sllghtly, known to wide circles of a potent weapon for keeping the economy in would not allow anyone to obstruct the Ukrainian society. balance. We have seen tax cuts stimulate a progressive processes of the drawing together If one were to complle a typical biography lagging economy, and tax increases slow down of nationalities. of those sentenced in 1966 for "anti-Soviet July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19583 nationalistic propaganda and agitation," it row a "movement" will be fabricated and importance with the highly publicized Sin­ would read as follows: On the day of arrest, completely innocent people will be punished. ya.vsky-Daniel trial in Moscow. the condemned N was was 28-30 years old. One would like to believe that the series Their significance lies in the flood of light He came from a peasant or worker family. of arrests and secret trials in the Ukraine they shed on Soviet abuse of its own laws, He graduated from high school and entered was an ominous "blind spot" in history, and on the Ukrainians' persisting sta-uggle to an institution of higher learning, in some caused by the uncertainty of the party line maintain their national identity. cases after army service, where he became an during the period between the October plen­ The Ukrainian trials are documented by active member of academic clubs. um [of 1964, when Nikita S. Khrushchev was letters smuggled to the West, all of them As one of the top students, he received a deposed] and the 23d congress of the party desperate appeals by condemned Ukrainian good appointment, was writing a disserta­ [in March, 1966] and not a new, even more intellectuals, including a remarkable 71- tion or had already completed it, was drastic coul'Se in policy toward nationalities. page document written by Chornovil him­ publishing articles in periodicals or had Who are the people being thrown behind self before his arrest. published a book. Even if he had only tech­ bars in the Ukraine today? They are young Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, director of Co­ nical training, he was interested in literature people who grew up under Soviet power, lumbia University's Research Institute on and art and was concerned about the state who were educated in Soviet schools, Soviet Communist Affairs, calls these documents of his native language and culture. He is universities and in the Komsomol, the Young "remarkable" and "of monumental impor­ unmarried or was married shortly after the Communist League. tance." arrest and has a small child. Those put on trial for bourgeois national­ One of the encouraging developments in ism are people who do not remember the the recent trials is that Soviet intellectuals-­ LETI'ER TO SHELEST bourgeois order under which their parents not only in Russia and the Ukraine, but in It is not as an ordinary journalist that I or grandparents suffered such privation on many other Soviet republics-are talking am addressing myself to you. I am address­ their own rich land. back to the prosecutors and to the judges. ing myself to you as one Soviet citizen to Soviet youth is no longer cowed, as it was another Soviet citizen, as a Ukrainian to LOOKING FOR CAUSES under the Stalin terror. another Ukrainian. I am writing concerning No one haS ever thought of looking for Ironically, the greatest defense for the de­ the problem that pains everyone who has a reason for this anymore deeply than the fendants on trial turns out to be the Soviet not yet fallen into the swamp of bourgeois tiresome nonsense about the effects of bour­ Constitution itself, which resounds with callousness. geois ideology and bourgeois nationalism. lofty ideals but is seldom enforced. Ukrain­ The arrests and secret trials that have Brainwashing by the police will serve no ian intellectuals, for example, have frequent­ swept across the Ukraine during the last purpose if we close our eyes to unsolved ly cited the Soviet Constitution's Paragraph nine months were not on a massive scale problems, particularly the nationality prob­ 126, which guarantees freedom of the press, and, therefore, to the not very farsighted lem. Again and again it will be necessary the right to hold public demonstrations, and may seem to be too petty an episode in the to throw behind bars those who persistently the right to organize. The intellectuals insist life of the republic to provoke serious at­ refuse to call white that which is black. that these laws be obeyed by the Soviet law­ tention. However, the lawlessness and arbi­ And later it will be necessary to rehabill­ enforcers; the KGB officials insist equally trariness permitted today as a kind of ex­ tate people again, and accept that truth for strongly that they won't be intimidated in eriment may tomorrow becme a terrible and which they sacrificed their youth. For his­ their police work by "legalists." all-pervading epidemic. tory always runs into clear waters. The new ferment does not exist in a vac­ Communism represents the highest devel­ Now, when the condemnation of Stalin's uum. There has been great unrest in the So­ opment of the spiritual world of every in­ despotism and methods of violence is final viet Union since the lid was taken off when dividual. Man is not a robot without soul, and irrevocable (no matter what some un­ Stalin died. In 1953 and 1954 several large who lives by an ~tablished program. Man clever and helplessly cruel people would like) , slave labor camps, among them the noto­ examines each program with his brain and experiments involving the cutting out of rious Vorituta, rose up in abortive re,bellions. with his heart. The community of thoughts, roots and silencing and terrorizing are in­ In 1956 there was widespread rioting in the contest of opinions, the crisscross of famous and historically irresponsible. They Georgia, birthplace of Stalin. In 1962, rises ideas-these are a powerful lever that al­ are-and I say this with full conviction­ in the food prices triggered riots in Moscow ways has moved rund always will move hu­ anti-Soviet to their essence. This is why I itself, while in Novocherkassk on the Don manity forward. write about it. River, KGB troops battled rioters for several The highest saturation of material goods, days, killing hundreds. without free thought and will, is not Com­ [From the Newark (N.J.) Sunday Star­ On June 10 last year at Chimkent, an in­ munism. It is a great prison in which the food Ledger, Mar. 10, 1968] dustrial center in Soviet Asia, riots were rations of prisoners are increased. ENSLAVED UKRAINE SMUGGLED DOCUMENTS sparked when police beat to death a. taxi Even under Communism people will suffer, BARE SOVIET SUPPRESSION driver. The disorders ended only when tanks the suffering of an ever searching intellect. (NoTE.-R·arely does news of SOviet crimes and armored cars opened fire against the Even under Communism there will be con­ outside of Moscow or Leningrad reach the mobs. filets, even tragic conflicts. There will be con­ West. Russia takes special pains to conceal In the Ukraine, rioting flared in 1963 and tradictions of spirit and deed; they wlll not be the ferment in its satelllte republlcs. This 1964, fanned by crop failures and intoler­ resolved by compulsion and force, but by the article documents the suppression of free­ able labor conditions in industry. Since the healthy sense of a free personality. About dom and justice in the largest non-Russian Ukraine is the agricultural and industrial such a society the great minds of mankind Soviet Republic, the Ukraine. It is based on heart of the Soviet Union, the Kremlin felt have always dreamed. letters from Ukrainian intellectua-ls that a. special urgency in crushing the rebellious­ It has been proclaimed that "the genera­ were smuggled to the West, and on sources ness there. tion of Soviet people will live under Com­ inside and out of the Ukraine.) In the forefront of the Ukrainian ferment munism." Perhaps our generation will live are the intellectuals, who seek not only in­ in a declared Communism, just as we now (By Sid Goldberg) dividual freedom but also a more authen­ live in a declared sovereign republic, have de­ Event: The secret trial of a noted Soviet tic nationhood for their people. They cite clared freedoms and a declared Socialist journalist. laws guaranteeing not only freedom of speech legality. Time: November 15, 1967. and press, but also laws purported to safe­ History has more than once refuted the Scene: A grim, bare, improvised courtroom guard the Ukrainian language and culture. Jesuit principle that "the end justifies the in a KGB (secret police) prison "isolator." Despite this, there has been for years a. means." The most equitable society cannot Protagonists: The defendant, KGB men, relentless Russifl.cation of the Ukraine. be built by means of terror and the stifl.1ng the judge, and a squad of bayonet-bearing Since 1965, the KGB has arrested several of social impulses in the people. The dia­ soldiers. hundreds of these Ukrainian intellectuals. lectics of history are inexorable, and un­ The defendant protests his innocence, and The sentences have ranged from three years worthy means disgrace the end. cites the law to prove the trial is 11legal. in prison to death by firing squad. There The judge sentences him to three years in have been at least two executions. PRECEDENT IS FEARED a prison camp. Journalist Chornovil became embroiled 1n Today•s officers of the K.G.B. [The state It's a fa.m1liar story by now, repeated with the KGB's struggle with restive lllltellectua.ls security pollee] do not like to be compared numbing frequency throughout Soviet his­ in 1966, when as correspondent for the Kiev with their predecessors of the nineteen­ tory in dreary, make-shift ooua:ts. Radio and TV Station, he was admitted to thirties. But a look into the past shows that What's different about this one, however, trials of young Ukranian intellectuals in once lawlessness and lack of principle in the is that it is fully documented, and rips the Kiev and Lviv (called Lvov by Russians). activities of the court and the investigative curtain from the ferment taking place in the What he saw there shocked him deeply. "The organs are permitted, there are no limits to Soviet Union. lawlessness and arbitrariness thS~t are per• where it will end. This trial was in Kiev, capital of the mitted today as a kind of experiment," he Today someone may be subjected to a Ukrainian Soviet SoclaJist Republic (UK­ wrote in his letter, "may tomorrow become search without a warrant, may have the pre­ SSR). The journalist was 30-year-old Vya­ a terrible and all-pervad!ing epidemic." revolutionary editions of books confiscated as oheslav Ohornovil, arrested for protesting the On April 16, 1966, he found himself per­ anti-Soviet, may have his complaint ignored. arrests of other Ukrainian intellectuals. sonally involved. The Lviv authorities called. Tomorrow, authorship of an article may be Though the Chornovil trial and others like him to testify as a witness in the secret trial attributed to a person after he sees that arti­ it have received scant and belated attention of four people. Chornovil refused to appear, cle for the first time. The day after tomor- in the Western press, experts rank them in on the ground that secret trials were a viola- 19584 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 tion of Soviet Ukraine's legal code, which assertions of violations of human rights gress Committee is Ukraine, the ancestral specifies that all trials must be public. in the United States. country of some two million American citi­ Oonsequently, on April 19, Judge Rudyk Late on Tuesday, the commission met to zens. and prosecutor Antonko of the Lviv regional complete its report to the Economic and So­ Although the United Nations numbers court filed charges against ChornovU, ac­ cial Council. In the midst of the discussion, among its members the Ukrainian Soviet So­ cusing him, under Article 62 of the Ukrain­ the Soviet representative, Yevgeny N. Nasl­ cialist Republic as an "equal" charter mem­ ian Criminal Code, of "cllsseminating anti­ novsky, proposed the deletion of three para­ ber of this illustrious international body, in Soviet propaganda with the purpose of weak­ graphs and the commission approved his reality this equality is non-existent. The ening the Soviet regime." In his letter, Chor­ proposal by a vote of 10 to 8, with 4 absten­ Ukrainian SSR is not a free and independent novil wrote, "The court did not have any evi­ tions. state of the Ukrainian people. It is an arti­ dence of such propaganda and agitation. This The paragraphs included one that sum­ ficial creation of Moscow designed to meet was their revenge for my refusal to testify." marized the Goldberg charges in these two purposes: to provide for the benefit of (This was the same accusation made against words: "Certain writers had been accused, the world at large the semblance of a free Sinyavsky and Daniel in Moscow.) tried and sentenced as criminals for expres­ and sovereign Ukrainian nation and to offer Chronovil, who had taken a master's exam­ sing themselves in writing in ways which the Ukrainian people a sop, in the hope that ination in Marxism-Leninism and knew his did not please the authorities of their coun­ this paper state would allay their desire for law, appealed. On May 17 the Ukrainian SSR's try, and because these writings had been genuine independence and thus keep them Supreme Oourt overruled the charges against sent abroad without official permission." in subservience. him as groundless. But the all-powedul The proposal to delete the paragraphs won Therefore, it is incumbent upon Americans KGB, which is a law unto itself, kept working the support of Iran, India, Madagascar, Ni­ of Ukrainian d.escent to present a true pic­ diligently to catch Chornovil. geria, the United Arab Republic, Yugoslavia, ture of Ukraine, where violation and de­ On May 22, Chornovil boldly wrote the 71- Poland, the Soviet Union, the Ukraine and struction of human rights have been and are page letter to the First Secretary of the Com­ Tanzania. Voting against it were the United being committed by the Soviet government munist Party of Ukraine, Petro Shelest. The States, Britain, Greece, Italy, New Zealand, on a breadth and depth of awesome dimen­ letter, flashing with sarcasm and with the Israel, the Philippines and Argentina. sioru~. human drama of the trials Chornovil had A previous attempt by the Ukraine to win I. THE SOVIET UNION AND THE CONCEPT OF witnessed, arrayed powerful arguments deletion of another paragraph has been re­ HUMAN RIGHTS agains·t KGBM procedures. It appealed to jected by the commission. Shelest to protect all the arrested intellec­ This paragraph in the report said that The Soviet government is a signatory to tuals. in the course of the debate "it was also al­ the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Shelest ignored Lt, and allowed the KGB leged that, recently, in Poland, the U.S.S.R. and it makes muoh of this f.aot in its massive to move in. Not long after, Chornovil was and the Ukrainian S.S.R. certain writers and propaganda. drives outside the Soviet Union. arrested. Last November after months in other persons had been tried in camera and Recently an article marking "Interna­ prison (during which the KGB conducted sentenced for having expressed or published tional Human Rights Year" appeared in its investigation of the case), he was views contrary to those held by those gov­ Izvestia, official organ of the Soviet govern­ brought to trial and sentenced. As he had ernments." ment. It stated that the U.N. Declaration of written in his letter, "Again and again it Western diplomats took issue with the Human Rights had become the generally will be necessary to throw behind bars those word "alleged" to describe events that are a accepted basis for man's political, social and who stubbornly refuse to call white that matter of record. economic rights. It further stated: which is black." Morris B. Abram, the American representa­ "But in the conditions of capitalism the Clandestine copies of his letter were made tive on the commission, told it that the dele­ Declaration's basic tenets remain unfulfilled and circulated broadly in Ukraine, at great tion of most of Mr. Goldberg's speech and to this day. The bourgeois democracies, personal risk for those who did it. It finally Mr. Morozov's reply was clearly out of keep­ which serve the interests of imperialist penetrated the Iron Curtain and came into ing with the vote on the Ukrainian proposal. monopolies, have turned the rights and Western hands. freedoms assured by their constitutions into VIOLATION AND DESTRUCTION OF HUMAN a farce. Thanks to the unstinted efforts of (From the New York Times, Mar. 15, 1968] RIGHTS IN UKRAINE the Soviet Union... the U.N. has taken a SOVIET WINS DELETION OF MOST OF U.S. (Memorandum to the International Confer­ series of measures aimed at restoring the CHARGE FROM U.N. REPORT ence on Human Rights, April 22 to May 13, independence of colonial people, the ending of all forms of racial disorimination, and (By Drew Middleton) 1968, Teheran, Iran. Submitted by Ukrain­ ian Congress Committee of America, Inc.) (has) signed conventions condemning ra­ UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., March 14.-The eo­ cialism and genocide. However, much re­ viet Union has succeeded in expunging from INTRODUCTION mains to be done." ("The Ohornovil Papers," the record of the Commission on Human The Ukrainian Congress Committee of by Gabriel Lorince, New Statesman, Fe·b. 23, Rights most of Ambassador Arthur J. Gold­ America is an organization of American citi­ 1968, London). berg's charge that Soviet leaders are repress­ zens of Ukrainian descent and background This self-serving boast of the official Soviet ing free speech. which is vitally interested in the movement organ can in no way be substantiated by The United S~tes Mission was described of human rights in the United States, evidence. On the contrary, the Soviet Union t oday as being angry about the Soviet move. Ukraine, the country of origin of many of its has been and continues to be a crass violator This anger was shared by other diplomats on members, and in the world at large. and destroyer of human rights on a scale un· the commission, who considered that its re­ The International Conference on Human precedented in mankind's history. port to the Economic and Social Council Rights is an important world gathering called Its Marxism, grafted onto Russian Mes­ had been "falsified" by the deletion of ma­ for the purpose of surveying and assessing sianism, has led to this lamentable result: terial that offended the Soviet Union. the status of human rights everywhere. In every single article of all 30 articles con­ American and other diplomats regarded step with the Universal Declaration of Hu­ tained in the Universal Declaration oj the Soviet action, on Tuesday, as an ex­ man Rights, adopted and proclaimed by the Human Rights has been transgressed, ample of what one of the former described U.N. General Assembly on December 10, 1948, violated, or deliberately broken by the Soviet as the "cynical double standard" prevailing it will seek to promote and extend the ap­ government. in the United Nations. plication of the principles of human rights II. VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UKRAINE Under it, one source said, the Soviet Union, whenever they are obstructed, obscured or its allies and friends are free to criticize denied in everyday life. Article 18 of the Declaration reads: United States policies, foreign and internal. The Ukrainian Congress Committee of "Everyone has the right to freedom of But any criticism of the Soviet Union is America, as an organization of free American thought, conscience and religion; this right considered out of order. citizens operating in the free count!'y of the includes freedom to change his religion or SOME EVENTS IGNORED United States, has always supported those belief, and freedom, either alone or in com­ munity with others and in public or private, The double standard also extends, these lofty principles which provide the basic foundation of the Uni versal Declaration of to manifest his religion or belie·f in teach­ sources said, to a process of brushing aside ing, pratice, worship and observance." or ignoring events and policies in nations of Hum4n Rights, the 20th anniversary of the African and Asian bloc, whose explora­ which is being commemorated throughout But how does the Soviet government ob­ tion here might embarrass t he governments the entire civilized world as "International serve this right in practice? <:oncerned. Human Rights Year-1968." Consequently, it In such fashion: The affair began on March 6, when Mr. has stood behind all the international move­ (a) The Soviet government destroyed the Goldberg appeared before the commission to ments combatting racial discrimination, so­ Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox Church in deliver a formal protest against the sup­ cial and economic injustice, national and cul­ the 1930's by murdering over 30 archbishops pression of free speech in the Soviet Union tural oppression and the practice of geno­ and bishops, and over 20,000 clergy and through the imprisonment of dissenting cide. The grossest violators have been certain monks; writers. totalitarian powers with regard to both their (b) In 1945-46 it ruthlessly destroyed the The speech touched off a brisk debate be­ own citizens and the ethnically foreign popu­ Ukrainian Datholic Church in Western tween Ambassador Goldberg and Ambassa­ lations which have fallen under their domi­ Ukraine by arresting 11 bishops and over dor Platon D. Morozov of the Soviet dele­ nation. 2,000 priests, monks and nuns; it forced the gation. Mr. Morozov included in his rebuttal Of specific interest to the Ukrainian Oon- Ukrainian Catholics into the fold of the July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19585 Communist-controlled Russian Orthodox with the aspects of the trials to which I re­ only 7 beds to accommodate 225 invalid and Church, against their will and conviction; ferred in the Soviet Union ... And the pros­ sick prisoners. It wa.s reported that Yuliy (c) The Soviet government persistently ecutions which have occurred in the Soviet Daniel protested to the camp authorities harasses and persecutes other Christian ad­ Union and the convictions are specifically in against the "shocking and inhuman treat­ herent6 in Ukraine--the Baptists, Evangelics, violation of that provision of the Declaration ment" of this prisoner. Seventh Day Adventists, Jehovah's Wit­ of Human Rights, and the convenants which (4) Three Ukrainian women-martyrs, nesses, and others, by imposing heavy taxa­ have been drafted to implement tt." Katherine Zarytska, Odarka Hus.iak and tion, arresting pastors and preachers for The breakthrough as to information on Halyna Didyk, members of the Ukrainian Red alleged "crimes" against the state, and other the Ukrainian trials and convictions was Cross organization. Each was sentenced to repressive means; provided by a Ukrainian journalist, Vyache­ 25 years at hard labor, although none com­ (d) The Soviet government is relentlessly slav M. Chornovil. As a TV newsman and a mitted any crime against the Soviet state. All persecuting over 1,000,000 Ukrainian Jews by member of the Comsomol organization, Mr. three are at Vladimir Prison, northeast of closing down synagogues, molesting religious Chornovil attended the trials of several Moscow. leaders and terrori~ing worshippers; Ukrainian intellectuals. He found intolerable On these mass trials of Ukrainian intel­ (e) The same policy of intolerance and the flagrant violation of "Soviet justice" and lectuals, Edward Cra.nkshaw, a. leading Brit­ open persecution is being applied by the the coercion and terror of the KGB. His ish authority on Soviet affairs, (The Observer Soviet government to the Moslems in Ukraine, protests to the Soviet authortties and party of London, Feb. 11, 1968): who are hounded by the secret police and leaders in Ukraine came to no avail. He was "What had these men done? They had dis­ effectively prevented from practicing their finally arrested, tried and sentenced on No­ cussed among themselves and among their traditional religion. vember 15, 1967 to 3 years at hard labor. friends, ways and means of legally resisting Article 19 of the Declaration reads: His manuscript, Portraits of 20 'Criminals', the forcible Russification of Ukraine and the "Everyone has the right to freedom of was smuggled out of Ukraine in 1967 and continued destruction of its culture. They opinion and expression; this right includes published in Ukrainian by Ukrainske Slovo possessed books dealing with this problem, freedom to hold opinions without inter­ in Paris. some of them written in Czarist times. They ference and to seek, receive and impart in­ On the basis of his white book the inter­ possessed notebooks with quotation from formation and ideas, through any media and national press carried a series of articles on the great Ukrainian patriots. regardless of frontiers." the suppression of freedom and human rights "No evidence whatsoever was produced to This vital aspect of the Human Rights in Ukraine: The Times of London, February show that they agreed with these opinions Declaration has been cynically and ruth­ 7, 1968; The New York Times on Feb. 8, 9 and or were contemplating subversive action. Un­ lessly violated by the Soviet government, 10, 1968; The Observer of London, Feb. 11, like some who had gone before (and others especially in Ukraine, up to the present. Be­ 1968; New Statesman, Feb. 23, 1968, also of still active) they were not advocating seces­ ginning in August, 1965, a wave of arrests London; The Toronto Telegram, January 11, sion in any form and even had they done so, swept through Ukraine, ensnaring over 200 1968, and The New Leader, January 15, 1968. there would have been no violation of the Ukrainian intellectuals in such cities as Kiev, Articles on the persecution of Ukrainian constitution. They were deeply concerned be­ Lviv, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Zhy­ intellectuals also appeared in Die Welt of cause the Moscow government was still per­ tomyr and Ternopil. This veritable intellec­ Hamburg, Die Sued-Deutsche Zeitung of sisting in its efforts to blot out Ukrainian tual f[)ogrom in scope and intensity far sur­ Munich; Le Monde of Paris, and L'Osserva­ consciousness, which even Stalin with his passed the arrest and trial of Sinyavsky and tore Romano of Rome. massive deportations and brutal ki111ngs had Daniel. Most of these victims were young Examples of inhuman persecution failed to do." men reared under the Soviet system in Ukraine. They were charged with "anti-So­ Some of the Ukrainian cases merit special m. DESTRUCTION OF THE NON-RUSSIAN NATIONS viet" nationalist writings, glorification of mention: IN THE USSR the Ukrainian past, and disseminating (1) Svyatoslav Y. Karavansky, poet and Article 2 of the Declaration reads: speeches by Western leaders. such as an en­ journalist. In 1944 he was tried and sen­ "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and cyclical of Pope John XXIII and the address tenced to 25 years a:t hard labor. He was freedoms set forth in this Declaration, with­ by former President Dwight D. Eisenhower amnestied in 1960 after 17 years in an Arctic out distinction of any kind, such as race, which was delivered on June 27, 1964, at the slave labor camp; the maximum prison sen­ color, sex, language, religion, political or other unveiling of the Taras Shevchenko statue in tence in the USSR was then reduced from 25 opinion, national or social origin, property, Washington, D.C. to 15 years. He returned to Odessa, enrolling birth or other status." Most of these men were tried in camera at the university there and working on Article 15 of the Declaration reads: and sentenced to long terms at hard labor translations of Shakespeare and Byron. He "(1) Everyone has the right to a nation­ under Article 62 of the Penal Code of the also wrote well-documented petitions to the ality. Ukrainian SSR, which is in direct contradic­ government of the Ukrainian SSR protesting "(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of tion to Art. 19 of the Universal Declaration practices by the Russians conducted againsrt; his nationality nor denied the right to change of Human Rights. Article 62 of the Penal Code the Ukrainians and Jews. In 1965 he was his nationality." arrested on an Odessa street and sentenced, of the Ukrainian SSR reads: 1. Genocide of entire ethnic entities "Any agitation or propaganda with the without benefit of jury, to 8 years and 7 months. In imprisonment he has gone on a Despite these provisions of the Declaration, intent to undermine or subvert the Soviet the Soviet government has been engaged in regime, the participation in certain specific hunger strike 5 times. At present he is incaa'­ cerated in Camp 11, Yavas, Mordovia. a systematic destruction of the non-Russian and particularly dangerous crimes against nations and ethnic entities. the state, the dissemination with the same (2) Yuriy Shukhevych, son of General Roman Shukhevych (Taras Chuprynka), After World War II, Stalin ordered the. intent of slanderous inventions against the wholesale deportations and destruction of Soviet state and its social system, as well as commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian In­ surgent Army (UPA). Arrested in 1948 at the such non-Russian peoples as the Crimean distribution, preparation or possession to the Tartars, Volga Germans, Chechen-Ingushes, above end of literature with such content, age of 15, he was sentenced to 10 years at hard labor. In 1958 he was released, only Kalmyks and Karachais. All were uprooted are punishable by loss of freedom for terms from their ancestral homes and dispersed from six months to seven years or banishment shortly to be rearrested; on December 1, 1958 he was sentenced again to 10 years at hard throughout the Soviet Union on thinly sub­ for terms from two to five years. The above stantiated ch-arges of having been "pro-Ger­ actions, if committed by persons previously labor. In 1963 he was brought from Mordovia to Kiev, where KGB Major Kalash and KGB man" during World War II. These people convicted for serious crimes against the state were collectively found guilty-many men or of crimes committed in time of war, are Captains Lytvyn and Markatanenko proposed that he denounce Ukrainian nationalism and and women were executed without trial or punishable by imprisonment for terms of even a. hearing, to which they were entitled three to ten years." the activities of his father, General Shuk­ hevych, in return for prompt release. He re­ under the Soviet constitution. In 1958 the This Soviet criminal code which is over­ Soviet government restored statehood to some worked as the legal justification for extreme fused, stating that he had been sentenced twice without having committed any crime of these peoples, and some survivors were al­ repression, is contradicted by the Soviet lowed to return, only to find their homes constitution itself, which specifies as follows: against the Soviet state. His second sentence is up this year. occupied by Russian settlers sent in by Mos­ "In accordance with the worker's interest cow. For instance, when a. number of Che­ (3) Mykhai lo Soroka, Ukrainian patriot. and with the aim of strengthening the Social­ chens and Ingushes returned to their city of ist system, the citizens of the USSR are Arrested in 1940, he was sentenced to 8 years Grozny in the Caucasus, they were greeted guaranteed by Law: a) Freedom of speech; b) at hard labor; released in 1948, he returned by hostile Russians brandishing posters, Freedom of the press; c) Freedom of gather­ to Lviv (Western Ukraine), but again was which read: "Long Live Stalin's Nationality ings and meetings; d) Freedom of procession arrested and sent to Krasnoyarsk for the same Policy," and "Chechens and Ingushes, Get and demonstrations on t he street." (Soviet "crime." Upon his return to Lviv in 1951 he Out of the Caucasus!" Constitution, Chapter X, Article 125) was vindicated, only again to be arrested in The Genocidal treatment of the non-Rus­ It was these t rials to which U.S. Am.bassa- 1952 and sentenced to 25 years at hard labor. sian ethnic entities by the Soviet government dor Arthur J . Goldberg referred in his debat e He is now in Yavas, in the Mordovian ASSR. is a crime of the first magnitude under the in the U.N. Human Rights Commission on Altogether, he has spent 31 years in Polish Universal Declaration of Human Rights. March 6, 1968, when he said: and Soviet jails. As late as 1966 he was re­ "What has been completely overlooked ported suffering from coronary thrombosis. 2. Persecution of the Jewish minority is the particular concern of this Commission He was refused medical treatment in a camp, There are still about 3 million Jews in the in light of the Declaration of Human Rights where the so-called camp hospital contained USSR, of which at least a million are living 19586 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 in Ukraine. Their treatment by the Soviet Riga. And why, we may ask, fs he not? Why guage is higher than the percentage oj Rus­ government was deplored by Svyatoslav Kar­ should not Ukrainians be allowed to live in sians living in the Republic. avansky, one of the most outstanding Ukran­ their own capital city of Kiev? In Ukrainian School No. 178 in Kiev, there ian intellectuals persecuted by the Soviet Because it is the intent to Russify Kiev and are 1,400 pupils with a library of 3,323 books­ Russian regime, in his "Petition to the Coun­ all other important urban centers. The dis­ of which a scant 14 are in Ukrainian. There cil of Nationalities of the USSR." In it he criminatory system of passport registration are no non-Russian schools in the Russian stated: presently in foree in the USSR allows only Republic, despite its millions of non-Russians, "I call your attention to the discrimina­ Russians to settle in these cities. Here is the including some 8 million Ukrainians, who are tion against the Jewish population. I state other side of the genocidal coin: a slow ex­ forced to send their children to Russian this problem first because the attitude of a tirpation as compared with swift Stalinist schools. society towards its Jewish population is the deportations and mass killings. In a tech­ In Ukraine, for instance, about 17 percent litmus paper indicating that society's level nological era, wherein the city has become of the population is Russian; students study­ of international consciousness. The closing all-important, this insidious form of geno­ ing only in Russian constitute nearly 30 down of Jewish cultural institutions (news­ cide is perhaps most heinous of all. Inevita­ percent. papers, schools, theaters, publishing houses); bly, such a practice provokes deep resentment Amo~g certain ethnic groups Russification the execution of Jewish cultural workers; and bristling antagonism between the non­ has progressed to the point where the na­ discrimination in admitting Jews to institu­ Russian and Russian populations not only in tional language has an but been throttled. tions of higher and secondary learning­ Ukraine, the Baltic states, Byelorussia, and This fate has befallen such languages as the these are all practices that :flourished in the Moldavia, but also in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Yiddish, Tartar, Ossetian, Kalmyk, Chechen, era of the personality cult.... To appease Armenia and in the Moslem countries of Cen- Ingush and Karelian-Finnish. In Armenia, public opinion abroad, Nikita Khrushchev tral Asia. · Russian is the language of instruction be­ (who paid little attention to public opinion IV. RUSSIFICATION AND CULTURAL OPPRESSION IN ginning with the first grade of primary in the Soviet Union itself) was forced to UKRAINE school. "rehabilitate" the innocent Jewish cultural The Soviet government's linguistic and PRISON CAMPS-STILL A PERENNIAL FEATURE OF leaders executed under Stalin. But he went SOVIET RUSSIAN LANDSCAPE no further." _ cultural policies are in direct violation of two articles of the Universal Declaration oj The persistent claims of the Soviet Rus­ 3. Deportations of Estonians, Latvians, and Human Rights, namely, Art. 2 (freedom of sian leaders, from Khrushchev to Brezhnev Lithuanians language, and so forth) and Art. 15 (the right and Kosygin, that the slave labor and prison • The brutal uprooting of the Baltic peoples to a nationality). camps are things of the past in the USSR, by the Soviet government in 1940 is a matter In theory the Ukrainian SSR is an inde­ are but hollow propaganda pronouncements of historical record. Karavansky underscores pendent and sovereign state, and a charter for foreign consumption: these large-scale deportations of the Baltic member of the United Nations. In practice, "There are some 36 prison camps in the nations in his cited petition. Thousands however, it is a puppet creation of Commu­ Potma area of the Mordovian ASSR (east upon thousands of the hapless Baltic na­ nist Russia. of Moscow) alone. Each holds 2 to 3 thou­ tionals were deported for the usual offenses: The Soviet Union, following hard on the sand prisoners. Some have more, as, for in­ they happened to live near the western So­ footsteps of the Russian Czars, relentlessly stance, the Yavas Camp, which holds 6 thou­ viet frontiers, they opposed Russian Com­ pursues a policy of cutural and linguistic sand prisoners .... Altogether there are up munism and its totalitarian system and, Russification aimed at the creation of a "So­ to 100,000 prisoners in the Potma area alone. above all, they wanted to be free and inde­ viet man," who is essence and ideally would "The great majority of prisoners are on pendent of Soviet Russian control. Entire be a Russian. ·semi-starvation rations. Theoretically they towns and villages-for example, the town In his petition Svyatoslav Karavansky fixes receive 2,300 to 2,400 calories daily, but they of Silamaye in Estonia-were deported to the crux of the matter: are lucky if they get 1,500 because the prod­ Siberia. The societal fabrics of the Estonians, "The Russification of Ukrainian institu­ ucts are of low quality, especially in spring Latvians, and Lithuanians vanished under tions of higher learning introduced after 1937 and summer, before the new crop. The her­ the genocidal onslaught. In his petition Ka­ has been condemned and partially corrected ring is rotten and smelly; the dried potatoes, ravansky asks a penetrating question: in Western Ukraine, but in Eastern Ukraine macaroni, barley and meat are infested with "Today in Komi ASSR (Vorkuta, Inta, these institutions remain completely Russi­ worms. Pechora), in Siberia (Irkutsk Oblast, Ke­ fied. This discriminatory policy is e:Xplained "There is no medicine, nor do the pris. merovo Oblast, Krasnovarsky Krai), in Ka­ by the supposed difference between the two oners have the right to receive any from zakhstan, and in Kolyma, are large numbers regions; but 1f this is the case, why did the their relatives-even vitamins. Prisoners who of Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Es­ Ukrainian nation unite into one Ukrainian work on construction have no warn cloth.. tonians who were deported on the suspicion Soviet state in the first place?" ing. (From reports by Ukrainian political of opposing the personality cult in the years The ongoing Russification of Ukraine by prisoners in Mordovia.) 1943-49. One can only presume that it is Moscow was described recently by a Canadian The Soviet government does not observe precisely because it intends to prevent the Marxist who had spent two years in Ukraine the canons of elementary decency, much release of these persons that the USSR con­ (1963-65) attending the "Higher Party less the dignity and liberty of man envi­ tinues to maintain its barbaric 25-year pris­ School of the Central Committee of the sioned by the U.N. Universal Declaration of on term. For at this time 25-year sentences Communist Party of Ukraine" in Kiev. In Human Rights. Ukrainians. are being served primarily by his book, Education in Soviet Ukraine (pub­ APPEAL TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Byelorus­ lished by Peter Martin Associates in Toronto) , HUMAN RIGHTS stans and Moldavians. Why is there no par­ John Kolasky says: don for them? We have generously pardoned In view of the :flagrant and systematic those who contributed to the mass extermi­ "The aim of Russian policy is to maintain violations by the Soviet government on Ar­ nation of Soviet citizens in 1937-39, excusing a tight control over education in Ukraine ticles 2, 13, 15, 18 and 19, as substantiated them on the ground that they were not re­ and other national republics to restrict by mounting irrefutable evidence; sponsible for the conditions of those times Ukrainians and other nationals from pro­ In view of the open violations of other and were only obeying orders." gressing beyond the elementary and general Articles of the Universal Declaration of Hu­ secondary level to denationalize man Rights, specifically Arts. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4. Restriction upon movement of citizens them ... to increase ... the continuous in­ and especially Arts. 9 and 10, which protect Article 13 of the Declaration reads: flux of Russians to occupy posts in govern­ all persons from arbitrary arrest and as­ " ( 1) Everyone has the right to freedom ment, education, science and other fields ... sure all of impartial tribunal; Art. 14, guar­ of movement and residence within the bor­ "Everywhere in Kiev there was evidence of anteeing the right of political asylum; Art. ders of each state. pressure to impose the Russian language ... 26, assuring that each person is entitled to "(2) Everyone has the right to leave the Many Russians with whom I came in con­ free education, as well as Arts. 27 and 29, country, including his own, and to return tact displayed open contempt because I spoke assuring everyone the right of protection to his country" Ukrainian ... Russians were everywhere of moral and material interests, as well as This provisions of the Universal Declara­ with their arrogant, overbearing attitude; a social and international order in which tion of Human Rights is violated daily by their contempt sometimes veiled, but o:Cten all the freedoms set forth in this Declara­ the Soviet government by its practice of the overt, for the Ukrainian language; their open tion can be fully realized, We entreat the so-called system of passport registration. display of a feeling of Russian superiority." International Conference on Human Rights: According to this practice, articulated into Anyone who insists on the right to speak (1) To establish a Special U.N. Committee law, a person may live only where the militia a language other than the Russian "runs a to Investigate the Violations of the U.N. allows him to live. One does not have the risk of being denounced as a bourgeois na­ 'Universal Declaration of Human Rights' in right to move about freely in the country, tionalist," he contends. There is no instruc­ Ukraine and in other Union Republics of the more precisely, he has the right only to go tion in the Ukrainian language at the uni­ USSR; especially, to investigate the religious East: to Siberia, to the Urals, to Kazakhstan; versities of Odessa, Kharkiv and Dniepro.. persecution involving Orthodoxy, Catholi­ he does not have the right to live in the so­ petrovsk, all in Ukraine. Only 20 to 25 per­ cism, Protestantism, Judaism and Islamism; called "regime" cities. Thus, an inhabitant of cent of the instruction at the University of the unbridled Russi:flcation of the non-Rus­ Ukraine may not settle in Kiev, Odessa or Kiev is given in Ukrainian. sian nations, now ruled by Moscow; the re­ Lviv; an inhabitant of Lithuania, in Vilnius In every Union Republic the percentage lentless persecution of the intellectual elite of Kaunas; or an inhabitant of Latvia, in of students studying in the Russian Zan- in Ukraine and in Russia proper, and the July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19587 willful destruction of ethnic minorities in made the plaything of the sociologists. those who have suffered from the violence of the USSR, such as the Jews, the Crimean Where it is allowed to work, as in Miami, black criminals, have urged Chief Headley Tartars, Volga Germans, Chechens, Ingushes, it does work. Moreover, the people ap­ to keep the pressure on. Kalmyka and Karachai peoples. "Some people criticize Headley for using (2) To prevail upon the Soviet govern­ preciate the results. shotguns and dogs," says one Negro minister, ment to release some 200 Ukrainian intellec­ It is especially timely to note that while "but with a lot of my people it would be okay tuals arrested in 1965-67, and all Ukrainian many were seeking passage of firearm to use tanks and lions." political prisoners who are languishing for legislation, Chief Headley was disarming Another Negro man, the owner of a small long years 1n Soviet Russian prison camps 125 persons weekly merely through stop­ appliance shop in the Liberty City area of without benefit of amnesty and leniency on and-frisk laws. This is effective firearms northwest Miami, agrees. "What a lot of peo­ the part of the Soviet government; to release control. ple don't realize is that black people are the also those Russian writers who have been biggest law-and-order fans in town. When I submit the article, by Wesley Pruden, there is no law and order, it is black people convicted for not conforming to the omcial Jr., policy of the regime by advocating more free­ at this point in the REcORD: who suffer the most." dom for intellectual life in the USSR. A TouGH CoP CuTs CRIME IN MIAMI CRu­ Even Chief Headley's critics usually temper (S) To prevail upon the Soviet govern­ SADE--PATROL DOGs ENRAGE SOME NEGROES, their criticism with faint praise. When the ment to return all deportees to their native OTHERS CHEER-"LIONS WOULD BE OK" Miami Times, a weekly aimed at Dade Coun­ countries, such as Ukraine, Byelorussia, (By Wesley Pruden, Jr.) ty's 170,000 Negroes, demanded that he resign Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Moldavia, Georgia, MIAMI.-Walter Headley, a tough cop, set it carefully commended Mr. Headley's goal of Azerbaijan and Armenia, and to repatriate out to start "an epidemic of law and order'• cutting the crime rate in Miaini's Negro Russian nationals brought as settlers to be­ neighborhoods. in the sweltering and violent Negro neigh­ Fan and critic alike agree that there was, in come the dominant element in the non­ borhoods of Miaini. He armed patrolmen Russian Republlcs of the USSR. fact, a frightening surge in violent crimes with shotguns and dogs, told them to use late last year and that Chief Headley's tactic (4) To prevail upon the government of the the city's new "stop and frisk" law lavishly, Soviet Union to adhere to the basic princi­ of putting patrolmen into the "hot" neigh­ and warned hoodlums to beware. borhoods has, in fact, cut out a lot of the ples espoused in the Universal Declaration "When the looting starts," the chief of of Human Rights. trouble. Miami police said, "the shooting starts." In the week end that snapped the city's We recall that the United Nations, in a Tha-t was s1x months ago. Most of the re­ resolution adopted in 1962 on "The Right of patience, 68 stores were hit by robbers; three sults so far were easlly predicted. Violent merchants were killed. One was Chinese, the Peoples and Nations to Self-Determination," crimes in the three large Negro neighbor­ called for the implementation of this fun­ others were white. One merchant, who was hoods have dropped sharply. In the first not physically hurt, was robbed for the 25th damental right of all peoples-freedom and month, strong-arm robberies diminished by time. national independence. Although a number 62 per cent in the Negro neighborhoods, 45 of African and Asian nations, once subject "Some of them said I wouldn't have done per cent Miami-wide. So far this year, not anything if the merchants who were killed to the rule of colonial empires, have been one merchant has been killed in a robbery had been Negroes," Chief Headley recalled granted the right to rule themselves, no such attempt. last week. "Well, how do they know I implementation has occurred in the Soviet AN OBJECTION OF ATTENTION wouldn't have done anything?" Union, a great empire based on conquest and Miami's crackdown is, in a way, an experi­ Chief Headley confesses he doesn't know domination of captive nations. why all this violence arrived with Christmas. The full and unqualified liberation of ment with hard-nosed law enforcement in these captive nations languishing in the a day when hard-nosed law enforcement is "We noticed that the really bad crimes, the out of style if not beyond the letter of the crimes against the person, started escalating USSR is a prerequisite to the enjoyment of last July. I can't explain it, unless it had all human rights and to the attainment of law. The chief himself has become the ob­ ject of attention, if not always adulation, something to do with all the riots." a lasting peace in the world.-Ukrainian The chief sprinkles his conversation with Congress Committee of America. of police chiefs, clvil-rights groups, and citizen law-enforcement groups across the military terms, discussing the "escalation" nation. of crime and how he "deploys" his "troops" He has received more than 12,000 letters against the "enemy." He scorns such things since his campaign began last Christmas Eve. as civilian review boards and community­ MIAMI'S EPIDEMIC OF LAW AND In the first few days, in fact, he received, police relation boards as "fraternizing with ORDER in addition to the sacks of mall and bundles the enemy." He plainly has no use for subtle, o! telegrams, a dozen roses, a potted poin­ indirect, "criminal-coddling" crime-fighting. settia, and a dollar from a man in Ohio with "THE POTENTIAL WAS THERE" HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK instructions "to buy some slugs with this." "We had been averaging picking up 125 OF OHIO This reflects a growing national concern guns a week with our stop-and-frisk law. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that S~t times and in certain places ap­ That's why I am so happy about the su­ proaches fear if not panic. Nearly everyone Monday, July 1, 1968 preme Court ruling upholding our law. We agrees that "crime in the streets" will be­ weren't surprised when the crime wave Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, during come a pivotal issue of the 1968 Presidential started. We knew the potential was there." his testimony before the House Appro­ campaign; polls show most Americans worry Miami has become a large city, with a priations Subcommittee, FBI Director J. more about crime than any other single population of almost 400,000. It has spread problem. across the swampy lowlands, instead of Edgar Hoover mentioned the nearly in­ Nowhere is this concern and fear more per­ growing vertically as many older cities did, credible drop in the crime rate in Miami, vasive than in the cities. The Federal Bureau and this often gives even the slums a sunny Fla., after get-tough measures were of Investigation last week reported that character. taken by the city's police chief. "serious crime" in the cities rose 17 per cent Negroes live in three principal neighbOr­ Director Hoover submitted statistics in the first three months of this year over hoods: the Central City, though this has indicating that since the new poUcy got last. Crimes of violence-murder, rape, and been almost altogether taken over by Cuban underway, robberies in high-crime areas robbery--increased even more markedly. refugees, and in two outlying communities dropped 62 percent and dropped 45 per­ Miami's Chief Headley is an old-time cop called Liberty City and Coconut Grove. who thinks tough enforcement is the only The worst-looking is Central City, a run­ cent throughout the city. These figures way to fight crime. "There has been a policy down collection of dilapidated stucco build­ indicated, he said, "proof of the fact that of appeasement all over the country," he ings left over from the land-boom days of a strict policy in the enforcement of laws says, and it isn't going to accomplish any­ the 1920s. Whites began giving up these works, whereas some of the theoretical thing. The job of the pollee is to protect life neighborhoods during World War II, and this sociological policies that are advanced and property, preserve the peace and enforce is the area where assault, robbery, mugging, and urged just do not work." the law." He likes harsh solutions for harsh and rape are most common. An article from today's National Ob­ problems. Says he: "You can't bond a felon Liberty City is in the northwest part of server discusses the success of the Miami out of the morgue." town, beyond the airport, and included in Civil rights groups were, predictably, Liberty City are streets with the neat pink action and the chief of police who im­ aghast at the chief's language, if not his in­ or white concrete-block houses that most of plemented it, Walter Headley. tentions; some civil libertarians accused Mr. Miami lives in. Some of the Negro homes in It points out that you do not talk crime Headley of racist demagoguery. One NAACP Coconut Grove, near Coral Gables, are quite away; you do not meditate, or wish, or omoial said the 62-year-old chief was simply plush. hope it away. You stand up to it with asking for trouble. "THEIR FAULT AND NOT MINE" the force necessary and you do not pull NEGRO REACTION In these three areas live the Negroes who your punches. What was not so easily predicted was the make up 15 per cent of Miami's population, Effective law enforcement is a neces­ reaction of many Negroes in the three high­ and who commit 85 per cent of the crime. sary part of government activity, and it crime-rate neighborhoods. Many of them, "If they commit 85 per cent of the crime," should be allowed to function and not either victims of hoodlums or neighbors of says Chief Headley with a matter-of-fact 19588 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 simplicity that infuriates many Negroes, CRIMINALS, PLEASE NOTE SOKOL MILWAUKEE NOTES "that is their fault and not mine. But since He parts his hair in the middle, wears dark lOOTH YEAR that is where the crime is, that is where the suits decorated only by a Masonic lapel pin, enforcement has to be." and sits behind a polished mahogany desk He set up a special division, which was decorated with ·plaques, citations, photo­ HON. HENRY S. REUSS inevitably called a task force, and armed graphs, and other souvenirs of a long career. OF WISCONSIN them with shotguns and assigned Miami's A corner of the desk is decorated by a small IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 20 police dogs to this special shift. Three framed poster, which features a policeman of the 20 dog handlers are Negroes. and a smoking revolver with the message: Monday, July 1, 1968 "We put the dogs on leashes," the chief "Notice to Criminals: Your police are armed Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the Sokol says, "because that is the way they are most and dangerous." effective." To set up this shift, he raided other He was a U.S. cavalryman at 15, a shrewd Milwaukee Gymnastic Association, which departments. Several officers were taken off and savvy lad who quickly learned to play is dedicated to physical fitness and good the vice squad-not, the chief explained, be­ polo, ingratiating himself with his superiors citizenship, this year is celebrating its cause he thinks prostitution is unimportant, to win advancement in the ranks. He worked lOOth year of distinguished service to the "but crimes against people are the most im­ as a riding master on a Bernarr McFadden Czech community of Milwaukee. I had portant and after all, it takes two to tango." health spa in New York state before coming the pleasure of attending Sokol Milwau­ Word got out quickly. "For two or three to Miami. He joined the pollee department here in 1937, hired to organize a horse patrol. kee's centennial banquet last weekend, days" says the manager of a dimly lighted He was assigned to walking a beat instead. and I include the message of the orga­ pool hall on Northwest 65th Street, "you "He was a new kind of policeman then,'' nization's president, Mr. August A. Shab­ couldn't even find anybody to shoot a game an observer of the pollee of those days re­ with. Some of them I never have seen again." art, and the banquet program: called not long ago. "He was even the depart­ PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Garth Reeves, editor of the Miami Times, ment intellectual, because in those days the agrees. police were recruited from the corn fields of It is a distinct pleasure to welcome you, as "The word got around, and the hoodlums south Georgia and north Florida." president of the Sokol Gymnastic Ass'n, to got out of town. There is a general feeling Miami was wide open then, a super-swing­ this, our 100th Anniversary. I would like to of relief in the Negro community about this. ing kind of place that looked on prostitution emphrasize, tha.t this is the happiest moment But where the danger lies is that some of the as a source of tax revenue and tolerated side­ of my Sokol life, having participated in the militants who are looking for a little action walk bookies and "numbers" agents openly. activities of the Sokol movement for approxi­ will read these tough things Headley is saying Miami is quiet, if not altogether dull today, mately 59 years. Most of you undoubtedly though there are occasional charges that Mr. understand that the philosophy or the Sokols and decide to come in here and see for them­ is to teach physical fitness, especially for our selves how tough he really is.'• Headley's department is not 100 per cent pure. The chief likes to boast that he is a police­ youth so that they may develop healthy "WE ALL MAKE MISTAKES" man and not a politician, but the survival bodies, with a sound mind and a good moral Critics of the crackdown (and not all instincts of a political professional have standard, thereby becoming better citizens. critics are black) charge that Chief Head­ helped weather several attempts to replace I would be amiss if I didn't acknowledge the ley's men often take the order to stop and him. He turns criticism aside with a politi­ important part our Sister Organization, The frisk with too much enthusiasm. In the early cian's aplomb. When a citizens' committee T. J. Sokolic, played in the success of our days of the campaign, several officers went charged that "numbers" rackets were pull­ Sokol during these many years. Many into a Negro-owned bar and frisked every ing in $5,000,000 a year, the chief replied: courtesies and help have been extended. I do customer in the house. When this provoked "Aw, that's fantastic." On another occasion desire to express my sincere appreciation for a loud outcry among Negroes, the chief when a reporter produced a "numbers" ticket all their kindness. One of our most important apologized, more or less. "We all make mis­ and progressive Units is the Physical Direc­ he had purchased on the street, the chief tors Board headed by Fred Stankovsky, Di­ takes,'' he said. whistled and said, "I'm amazed." A few weeks later, uneasiness quickly rector of Men, and Emily Falarsh, Director of He cruises around Miami in either a new Women. Not only do they plan and supervise turned to rage when a 17-year-old Negro boy Lincoln Continental convertible, his own, or accused two white patrolmen of stripping our Gymnastic program and Czech Dancers, a city-owned, nine-year-old Buick. "The city but they assist in formu1ating our Sokol him to his undershorts and dangling him, offered me a new Ford or a Plymouth," he held only by his heels, from the expressway­ functions. Also the Physical Board is serving said, "and I told them, •nothing doing.' " He on the lOOth Anniversary Committee. As overpass. keeps a listed telephone number and a po­ President I want to say that I can find no The two officers said the boy abused them liceman's whistle by the telephone. Crank adequate words which would be appropriate with sarcasm when they found a knife con­ callers, and he is bothered by them occa­ to conwy to you my personal feeling for the cealed in his shirt in a routine "shakedown" sionally, get an eardrum-shattering blast. energy and efforts given in fulfilling this of suspects in a pool hall, but the chief fired Negro leaders here, on the other hand, tremendous task. At present we have nine them when they couldn't explain why they concede that Mr. Headley has ·been some­ Honorary members as follows: Arthur Novak, dangled the youth from the overpass. thing of a pioneer 1n civil rights--he hired 72 yrs. Allen Shabart, 63 yrs. August Shabart, Many Negroes criticized Mr. Headley for Negro policemen as early as 1944, when to do 59 years. George Reisimer, 59 yrs. Stanley firing them rather than placing charges so elsewhere in the South would have been Pinter, 55 yrs. Henry Zelenka, 52 yrs. Edward against them. By a bureaucratic irony, the career suicide. Brikner, 52 yrs. and Frank Novotny, 51 yrs. officers were charged only with placing the TWO CATEGORIES OF OFFICERS We salute these pioneers for their faithful­ boy under arrest without reason and, further ness and may they be blessed with good provoking black rage, for "faiUng to complete To get them, he says, Miami watered down health. I also wish to recognize our Past the arrest procedure.'• an entrance examination for the pollee acad­ Presidents for their loyal servi·ce in guiding "I know there was some criticism," Cmef emy, a part of the University of Miami, and the destinies of Sokol in past years. In clos­ Headley says, "but I turned over all my in­ established two categories of officers: Whites ing I wish to thank all who have in some way formation to the FBI, and both men have would be called policemen, Negroes would be contributed to the success of this Anni­ been indicted for violating that suspect's patrolmen. versary. With love in our hearts, and the de­ civil rights." The "patrolmen" were assigned to a special sire to overcome tod.ays obtacles, let us ever One Negro businessman here insists, in fact, precinct station in the Central City district, keep in mind the important teachings of the that most of the black resentment of Mr. and this station was abolished only a few Sokol. Headley's crackdown is a misunderstanding years ago. Five years ago, at the urging of Na Zdar, of the chief's public statements rather than Negroes, the special exam was eliminated and AUGUST A. SHABART, President. disapproval of what he is doing. The chief's only five Negroes have been recruited since bark is often worse than the bite of any of then. PROGRAM FOR CENTENNIAL BANQUET, SoKOL his 20 dogs. About 50 of the 590-man pollee depart­ MILWAUKEE, SATURDAY, JUNE 29, 1968 Even when he attempts to mollify his ment are Negroes, including the three in the 1. Pledge of Allegi-ance. critics, the assurance is less than overwhelm­ dog corps, one lieutenant, four sergeants, two 2. National Anthems: Bro. Anthony Ko­ ing. "We haven't fired a shot or made a wrong motorcycle patrolmen, and 10 plainclothes pecky; accompanied by Audrey Sha.bart bite yet,'' he replies, dismissing complaints detectives. "We're 50 men short right now,'' Braatz. that the dogs are meant to terrorize Negro Chief Headley says, "and I'd like to fill every 3. Welcome: Bro. Fred Stankovsky, Chair­ neighborhoods into tranquility. vacancy with a Negro man if I could find man, Centennial Committee. Mr. Headley is not one of the "new cops." them." 4. Address: Bro. August Sha.bart, Presi­ He goes back to the sterner era of law en­ Many of them would probably be assigned dent, Sokol Milwaukee. forcement. He is a policeman to his toes, and to the three Negro neighborhoods. "That," 5. Greetings: Hon. Henry Maier, Mayor, when he married (for the third time) a few says the chief, "is where the crime is." This City of Milwaukee. weeks ago, he selected his bride from his own would please the Negro community. 6. Vocal Selections: Bro. Anthony Kopecky. department. She was a policewoman whom he "We don't need shotguns and dogs," says 7. Greetings: Bro. Stanley Barca!, Presi­ had courted for 11 years. He fired her and one Negro critic of the chief's, and a resident dent, A.S.O. sent her home the day after they were mar­ of crime-plagued Liberty City. "We just need 8. Greetings: Bro. Joseph Drnec, Presi­ ried. more men up here." dent, Central District A.S.O. July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19589 9. Address: Hon. Henry Reuss, Congress­ hicles be classified as carrying such weapons Ining up some of the things with which I man, 5th District, Wisconsin. concealed. have been most concerned over these years. 10. Vocal Selections: Bro. Anthony It is further resolved that this Association I take them in no particular order but have Kopecky. is opposed to the registration of shotguns and put them down as the thoughts occurred to 11. Greetings: Bro. Rudolph Mudrooh. rifi.es. me. 12. Address: Hon. Roman Hruska, Senator Passed by the unanimous vote of the mem­ The very fact of having to be concerned from Nemaska. bers this 2oth day of June 1968. always with national defense, with massive 13. Vocal Selections: Bro. Anthony weapons of destruction, colors a man's way of Kopecky. looking at things. How often in voting and 14. Closing Address and Presentation of working for huge authorizations for weapons Guests: Bro. Fred Stankovsky, Ohairman, AN ADDRESS BY PORTER HARDY, systems I have thought of the fine schools Centennial Committee. JR., BEFORE THE NATIONAL CON­ and other public improvements that could GYMNASTIC PROGRAM FOLLOWING IMMEDIATELY VENTION OF THE RESERVE OF­ be constructed with the money if it were not 1. Old Guard: Sokol Mladoceoh, Racine. needed to insure our national survival. It FICERS ASSOCIATION, MIAMI has made me particularly conscious of what 2. Tribute: Men and Women, Sokol BEACH, FLA., JUNE 21, 1968 Slavsky. I call Hardy's first law of government: that is, 3. Dance from Bartered Bride: Sokol problems that are not solved do not go away Milwaukee. even though people get tired of thinking HON. DAVID E. SATTERFIELD Ill about them. Dancing to the Music of Carl Ratzer. OF VIRGINIA The requirement to maintain an awesome IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES military machine, the most awesome the world has ever conceived, has been with us Monday, July 1, 1968 for all of my twenty-two years in Congress. WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION OF Mr. SATTERFIELD. Mr. Speaker, on This power is maintained to answer primarily SHERIFFS AND POLICE CHIEFS June 21 in Miami, the Honorable PORTER the threat of global war, to prevent not only SPEAKS OUT ON GUN REGISTRA­ HARDY, JR., a distinguished member of the destruction of our own democracy but TION the loss of freedom throughout the world. the House Armed Services Committee, The threat has not gone away; it has only delivered an address to the national con­ been held in abeyance. HON. THOMAS M. PELLY vention of the Reserve Officers Associa­ The problem has not been solved. But our OF WASHINGTON tion. This address fully reflects the ob­ people have grown tired of thinking about it, jective, yet penetrating analysis of our and some of our reputedly best minds have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Defense Establishment which has become grown tired of thinking about it. We hear Monday, July 1, 1968 his hallmark. His message should be the a lot today about the breakup of monolithic communism, about the revival of nationalism Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, on June 20, immediate concern and the object of and the working of new forces in the world, 1968, the Washington State Association sober reflection by all Members of Con­ about the independent aspirations of the of Sheriffs and Police Chiefs passed a gress. emerging nations and about the danger of resolution which raises numerous points The address follows: meeting new challenges with old ideologies. on the question of gun controls. The po­ AN ADDRESS BY PORTER HARDY, JR., BEFORE In all of this there is some truth. But the sition adopted by this organization of THE NATIONAL CONVENTION OF RESERVE stale old truism remains-and make no mis­ OFFICERS ASSOCIATION, MIAMI BEACH, FLA., take about it--the forces of communism Washington State police executives is which, like us, have the power to destroy the certainly of interest to all of us who are JUNE 21, 1968 There is a kind of convention which dic­ world will take over control of it if we do not studying the many proposals on gun re­ retain the power to stop them. strictions. tates the form of address on occassions such as this. One talks first about the importance There will always be arguments about the For the information of my colleagues, of the Reserve, passes tribute to your organ­ level of power we should maintain, there I insert this resolution to be printed in ization's effort to keep the Reserve strong, will always be disagreements about the speed the RECORD: lauds the dedication of individual Reservists with which we should modernize our weap­ RESOLUTION and closes stirringly with a I»"Omise of Con­ ons systems, but that the process must go Crimes of violence committed With fire­ gress determination to keep the Reserves on cannot be doubted. arms is indeed a facet of our troubled times strong. I am convinced that much of the unrest in that deserves legislative attention. lll con­ I thought this morning that I would de-. our country today grows out of the despair sidered or hastily formulated restrictions part from convention. All of us here know of having to live so long With this number however ca.n easily create sitWiitions that the importance of the Reserve and you all one problem that just won't go away. will unreasonably effect responsible citizens know--or should by now-that Congress is There are many other problems that ru-e and be virtually valueless in combating not going to let the Reserves fall apart. We on a somewhat less universal level where crime. The Washington Association of Sher­ aJl know the true importance of your or­ people put off a decision, take a hedge posi­ iffs & Police Chiefs therefore generally urge ganization. And we all know the proportions tion, or order a new study, hoping the prob­ the legislative bodies to carefully consider of personal ambition and the desire to do lem will resolve itself. It never does and tax legislative proposals in this area and specifi­ good that go into any form of public serv­ dollars are often wasted during the waiting cally resolves: ice. And, being a Reservist is a form of period. Whereas unrestricted sale and delivery of public service--one of the highest forms. I would not wiSih to dwell on, or be critical short firearms by mail order permits irre­ So, I thought today I would omit the of individuals for, mistakes of the past. The sponsible persons to obtain small weapons praise which you might normally anticipate. men who have managed the Pentagon have and presents a danger to the public. The Instead, I'd like to review a little history had to make some frighteningly grave deci­ Association supports restrictions on such which you and I have observed while it was sions. What I am interested in is our capac­ sales and deliveries. being made. ity to learn from the mistakes of the past Whereas crimes of passion are implemented I am coming to the close of twenty-two and our capacity to avoid making the same by immediate delivery of short firearms and years in Congress. Despite many frustra­ mistakes over and over. present a danger to the public. The Associa­ tions, it has been for me a rich and full and It has been pointed out, to use one ex­ tion urges and recommends enactment of a rewarding experience. In the nature of ample, that the Navy was shockingly slow in waiting period of 72 hours between the sale things most of those twenty-two years have realizing the value of nuclear submarines and the delivery of such weapons. been given to concern for national defense and that without the action of the Congress Whereas present statutory reqwrements amd our military establishment. the nuclear submarine would not have be­ for obtaining a permit to carry concealed I represent the district in the United come a reality nearly as early as it did. firearms are inadequate to prevent issuance States that has the finest natural harbor What is far more disturbing to me is that to certain classes of irresponsible persons of in the world, and inevitably, from the very the defense establishment is in danger of such permits and presents a danger to the beginning of our nation it has played an making the same mistake in regard to nu­ public. important part in our national defense. clear powered surface vessels. Notice that the The Association urges and recommends en­ Were lit not for the military importance of authority to make the decision-one might actment of stricter requiremenU; for the is­ my district, I might have spent my twenty­ more properly say the authority to delay the suance of a concealed weaJpOn permit. two years primarily concerned with the Na­ decision-has moved up from the Navy De­ Whereas present statutory limitations on tion's agriculture. In fact, I am sure I knew partment, which ft.oundered on the nuclear carrying short firearms in motor vehicles is more about farming than about national de­ sub in the early 50's, to the Defense De­ inadequate and presents a danger to the fense when I started. But it has been my lot partment, which is dragging its feet on nu­ public and particularly the law enforcement and my privilege to handle responsibility in clear surface ships in the late 60's. officer. the area of our defense establishment and Mr. McNamara used to talk about the pyra­ The Association urges and reco:nmends our foreign operations. miding of bad decisions. But of much greater that carrying short firearms in motor ve- I'd like to spend my brief time today sum- concern to me is the danger inherent in the 19590 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 organizational structure and a centralized required greater interaction of defense ele­ AN OPEN LE'ITER system which includes the pyramiding of bad ments and, therefore, closer policy control decisionmaking processes. from the top. Political scientists like to point out that If we had allowed the military depart­ HON. BOB CASEY democracy is an inherently inefficient form ments to continue as they had been going OF TEXAS we might have had more decentralization of government. This would be true I suppose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES because of the diffusion of power in a democ­ today, but we would have also multiplied racy. many of the old problems. We might still Monday, July 1, 1968 But, it seems to me that the advantage of be considering each service separately and a democratic form of government is that it slicing the budget pie without adequate co­ Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, Mr. John R. has a greater capacity to survive its own mis­ ordination. I do not think we could live Immer, first vice president of the Federa­ takes. This too is related to the diffusion of with independent military departments to­ tion of Citizens Association of District power. An over-concentration of power in one day in the same sense that we had them 22 of Columbia, has furnished me with a person or one group or one unit of an orga­ years ago. copy of the Federation's open letter to nization, however well intentioned at the out­ But I also think that it is time now to the Honorable John W. Hechinger, set, reduces the questioning of decision, the question whether we have not over-corrected chairman of the District of Columbia capacity for objectivity and the ability to re­ our course. I doubt that we can now change City Council. The Federation strongly verse mistakes. those words "direction, authority, and con­ There are several courses by which such trol", but it is something we ought to con­ endorses swift and strong punishment of concentrations of power can be countered as sider. the criminal and particularly, those who regards our military establishment. One is Again, let me say I am more concerned use a firearm in the commission of a a more active role by the Congress in mil1- with the process of decision making than crime as proposed in my bill, H.R. 4212, tary decisionmaking. with the individual decisions themselves. calling for mandatory sentence for such Edmund Burke said, "he that wrestles with Steps 1n the process which tend to separate use of firearms in the District of Co­ us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our the decision making from those who must lumbia. skill. Our antagonist is our helper." I have live by the decisions tend to separate author­ learned that one of the things our military ity from responsibility. Since I feel that this open letter should decisionmakers require is a touch of inquiry This is why I have been critical of deci­ be called to the attention of my col­ into the basis for and the reasonableness of sions which are sometimes made by, or leagues, I request permission to insert their decisions. I hope it can be said of me affected by, whiz kids in the Department of the full text at this point in the RECORD. that my service has been a whetstone for Defense. Although the techniques employed AN OPEN LETTER their sk11ls. may be praiseworthy, because of the cen­ FEDERATION OF CITIZENS AsSOCIA­ Sometimes I get accused of asking embar­ tralization of authority they often ignore TIONS OF THE DISTRICT OF Co- rassing questions. Of course, I wouldn't in­ many important factors which could be pro­ vided only by the experienced military man LUMBIA, tentionally embarrass anyone, but I take very July 1, 1968. seriously the responsibil1ty of Congress for who will be required to carry out or imple­ Ref: Pres. Johnson's March 13 "D.C. Gun legislative oversight. That responsibility is, in ment the decision. Control Message to Congress" should be my mind, a most important congressional You all know of areas where the institu­ acted on immediately by D.C. City Council. function; and in seeking to protect that con­ tion of such new steps has made it extremely Hon. JOHN W. HECHINGER, gressional prerogative I hope that my ques­ difficult, not only to get the right decision, Chairman, District of Columbia City Coun­ tioning and searching for facts has always but even to get all sides of the questions cil, Washington, D.C. been constructive. considered. You know, too, that often exist­ DEAR MR. HECHINGER: We are sending you One of the things with which I have been ing procedures bring about delays in getting herewith a copy of President Johnson's concerned is what seems to be an ever in­ any decision made. March 13, 1968 Message to the Congress call­ creasing tendency for the executive depart­ The test of our defense establishment now ing for D.C. Gun Control legislation. In that ments, in the instant case the Pentagon, to is whether we can remove some layers of message he recommended "that the Congress initiate through directives actions which authority and whether we can reduce the promptly enact a strict gun control law tor ought to be done by legislation. number of people who can stop action, the Nation's Capital city." We believe the A most important function of the Congress whether we can make certain that authority D.C. City Council has failed in its responsi­ is to question such actions. Sometimes we and responsibility go together, certain that bility to support PreSiident Johnson in this slow them down and get criticized by the all pertinent factors, particularly military vital issue involving the lives and welfare press for so doing. The headline word is al­ factors, are considered when important deci­ of thousands of District citizens. President ways "obstructing", especially with respect sions are made. Johnson said in his great Message to the to those actions or contemplated actions I have sometimes thought that the origdnal Congress that: which the Pentagon has elaborately prop­ concept of the National Security Act was agandized through its high-powered public more desirable than the present--that the "Each time a storekeeper is threatened at information office. Thus, the Congress may Office of the Secretary of Defense should be gunpoint--each time a woman is terrorized often be doing the most good when it is be­ responsible for policy with the service sec­ on her way home from work-each time a burglar breaks into a home at night--the ing most criticized. You members of theRe­ retaries fully responsible for operations. Per­ serves will not have too much difficulty in haps we ought to be considering whether liberty of every citizen is diminished. Crime thinking of an example. some modifications of the existing structure today is the first problem in the nation's An important lesson of the last twenty­ along these lines is now in order. first city. It is on the rise.... If the Dis­ trict is to wage a success.ful battle against two years is that we ought to allow the little In closing, let me thank you for this gen­ crime, it must have a strong gun control law. man to make the little mistakes so the big erous award that you have given me today. Last year, almost 2,500 major crimes were fellow won't make as many big ones. And, I Your organization has always been very kind committed in the Nation's Capital at gun­ would also suggest that the way we have to me. I started my service in Congress 22 learned this lesson was inevitable. To put it years ago with great fa;ith in my country. I point--murders, assaults and robberies. Lax­ another way, one might say that the need have as much faith in it today as I ever did. ity in gun control legislation is an open invi­ for proper decentralization has become One of the things that susta.ins my faith is tation to tragedy. A pistol in dangerous clearer through observing the defects of over­ people like you who are ever prepared, ready, hands is like a ticking time bomb. And today, centralization. willing and eager to defend our country. in the District of Columbia, alcoholics, ju­ There has always been tremendous dupil­ veniles and mental incompetents are free to Again, I thank you for your dedication to own deadly weapons. The propooal I have cation and waste in the Defense Department, your country and for the honor which you recommended-the D.C. Gun COntrol Act-­ and I am sure you will recall that during the have bestowed upon me. 50's the Congress, in an effort to correct some would help bring safety to the District's of this, enacted legislation which brought streets, homes and stores. It would: Require about the very centralization that is now dis­ individuals to obtain a permit to possess or turbing to so many people. And I share the carry a pistol and limit the sale of pistols to feeling of many Members of Congress that THE "PUEBLO": HOW LONG MR. those with valid permits. Prohibit possession it has gone much too far. PRESIDENT? of pistols by persons under 21, drug users, alcoholics, OT mental incompetents, as well I recall so well the atmosphere which ex­ drug addicts, felons, and other crlm.1nals. isted when the National Security Act was as revised to include the words which gave the HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE Add ten years' imprisonment to the regular OF IOWA penalty when a firearm 1s used in a robbery Secretary of Defense "direction, authority, or an attempted robbery. Require all rifles and control" over the military departments. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or shotguns to be unloaded and encased But I suspect we have moved along what Monday, July 1, 1968 while being carried. Require stricter licensing is, if a somewhat tortuous, a nevertheless of persons who manufacture, sell or repair inevitable course. There was duplication that Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, this is firearms, and require records and reports to had to be eliminated. There was a change in the 161st day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her be made concerning sales and repairs. This the nature of world military realities which crew have been in North Korean hands. legislation is designed to safeguard the pub- July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19591 llc order and to stop tragedy. It would not, that Title 22's section 3202 now reads as portant role they must play in removing the however, prevent any law-abiding citizen follows: "If any person shall commit a crime criminal, especially the repeat customer, from from owning firearms if he can show the of violence in the District of Columbia when the streets." need for such weapons to protect himself or armed with or having readily available any Perhaps the permissive attitude of the his property. I again recommend that the pistol or other firearm, or other dangerous or courts has had as much as any other single Congress promptly enact a strict gun control deadly weapon, including but not limited to, factor to do with the growth and increase in law for the Nation's Capital city." sawed-off shotgun, shotgun, machinegun, crime. The permissive attitude of the courts The D.C. City Council has made no effort rifle, dirk, bowie knife, butcher knife, switch­ may have been on the President's mind when to press for enactment of these D.C. Gun blade knife, razor, blackjack, billy, metallic he drafted his March 18 recommendations Control recommendations by the Congress. or other false knuckles, he may in addition for a stitr D.C. Gun Control Law. We believe Instead, the D. c. City Council has at­ to the punishment provided for the crime Congressman Paul G. Rogers is to be highly tempted to bypass the President's Message be punished by imprisonment for an inde­ commended for pointing to one of the major calling on Congress for new legislation by terminate number of years up to life ·as de­ weaknesses in the law-enforcement system. developing a municipal regulation which, termined by the court. If a person is con­ We believe the D.C. City Council should by its very nature, cannot provide the pen­ victed more than once of having committed put aside its proposed regulation to control alties which President Johnson thought a crime of violence in the District of Co­ the traffic in firearms and ammunition necessary. Industry, sportsman, citizen and lumbia when armed with or having readily within the District of Columbia in favor of civic leaders, including Simon Atlas and available any pistol or other firearms, or other dangerous or deadly weapon, including an all-out effort to get the President's John M. Thornton, met on June 27 with March 13 Gun Control B111 advanced as far Councilman John A. Nevius and your assist­ but not limited to, sawed-off shotgun, shot­ as possible in this Congress. An all-out effort ant, Isaiah T. Creswell, Jr., and presented gun, machinegun, rifle, dirk, bowie knife, would, we believe, make it possible to get a D. C. Gun Control program developed by butcher knife, switchblade knife, razor, blackjack, b1lly, metallic or other false The President's plan adopted in this Con­ the Ad Hoc Committee for a Sane Gun Con­ gress, in time for President Johnson to sign trol Law for the District of Columbia, which, knuckles, then, notwithstanding any other point by point, does back up President John­ provision of law, the court shall not sus­ it into law. son. Councilman Nevius expressed inter­ pend his sentence or give him a probation­ We believe, in conclusion, that the D.C. est in the plan, but he said he doubted the ary sentence." (July 2, 1932, 47 Stat. 650, ch. City Council's proposed regulation is 111egal. Council would seek legislation. His main ob­ 465, sec. 2; Dec. 27, 1967, Public Law 90-226, The reason for our view that it is 1llegal 1s jection to seeking enactment by the Con­ sec. 605, title VI, 81 Stat. 737.) This section that the Congress has several times written gress was that the Congress would not adopt recognizes the simple fact that guns are not into law effective gun control proposals. In legislation which would carry out President the only weapons which are murderous, and adopting the open housing regulation some Johnson's recomme.ndation to "add ten years the use of which should be outlawed by pris­ years ago the Board of Commissioners of the imprisorunent to the regular penalty when a on sentences imposed by an alert and re­ District of Columbia justified its action on firearm is used in a robbery or an attempted sponsible law-abiding people. Mandatory ten­ the grounds that the Congress had failed to robbery." This is an amazing position for year sentences should be imposed in addi­ legislate on that subject. The fact that the the D. C. City Council to take. Actually, the tion to the regular penalty when a firearm Congress has legislated into law gun control Congress has enacted an amazing number is used in a robbery or an attempted robbery, proposals certainly would have to be taken of the recommendations made by President and, in addition, this mandatory ten-year into account by the Congress, the courts, Johnson. He has one of the highest box sentence should be imposed when the other and the D.C. City Council. What the D.C. scores ever when it comes to Presidential weapons listed in this Act of Congress are City Council seems to be doing in pushing recommendations enacted into law, as he used in a robbery or an attempted robbery. for its proposed gun control legislation is has repeatedly said. For the D. C. City Coun­ The view of Councilman John A. Nevius ( 1) falllng to take into account the gun cil not even to try to get the Congress to that the Congress would not act to write a control laws both locally and nationally adopt President Johnson's March 13, 1968 mandatory ten-year sentence for the use of adopted by the Congress; falUng to recom­ D. C. Gun Control plan to eliminate a re­ firearms in robberies, and attempted rob­ mend gun control legislation presented to currence of the 2,500 major crimes com­ beries is 111-founded and damaging. Proof that the Congress by President Johnson on March mitted here last year involving guns is a ten-year mandatory sentences, such as Presi­ 13, 1968 on the specious grounds that Con­ failure to measure up to the requirements dent Johnson has called for, are badly needed gress won't adopt the President's Plan, and of the high Office of City Council. is shown by some of the recent sentences im­ (2) pointing to the failure of the Congress Earlier this year Congressman Bob Casey posed by the courts. Congressman Paul G. to date to adopt the President's Plan o! of Texas introduced a b111, H.R. 4212, to carry Rogers denounced some of these sentences in March 13 as a justification for the adoption out Bresident Johnson's ten-year mandatory a speech on the House floor June 26, 1968. of its own unsound proposal which fails to sentence recolll.Illendation. Yet, when we The Washington Post (June 27) reported carry out a single one of the 5 points in the visited Congressman Casey's office on June that: "Rep. Paul G. Rogers (D-Fla.) took President's March 13 D.C. Gun Control Plan. 28 his staff people told us that Congressman issue yesterday with court sentences here We urge the D.C. City Council to imme­ Casey hasn't heard one word from any mem­ which he said do not match the seriousness diately call on the D.C. City Government, ber of the D. C. City Council in support o! of the crimes for which they are imposed." Mayor Walter E. Washington and the Con­ his bill to carry out the President's March In a statement on this subject on page gress to adopt in this Session of the Con­ 13 recommend81tion regarding a ten-year 18971 of .the Congressional Record of June 26, gress the March 13, 1968 Gun Control Plan sentence. Congressman Rogers is critical of sentences recommended to the Congress by President Further proof that the Congress would given out by Judges John L. Sirica, George L. Johnson. undoubtedly respond to any effort on the Hart, Luther W. Youngdahl, John Lewis Sincerely yours, part of the D.C. City Council to seek the Smith, Jr., Gerhard Gesell, Wllliam B. Bryant, JOHN R. IMMER, adoption of President Johnson's March 13 and Aubrey E. Robinson. He explained: " ... First Vice President, Federation of Cit­ D.C. Gun Control recommendations is shown there were 17 cases up for sentencing in dis­ izens Associations of the District of by the many Acts Congress has adopted al­ trict court last week which involved guns. Columbia. ready for gun control here and nation-wide. Six cases, or one-third of the total, resulted The Act of Congress of 1932 (see Section in suspended sentences. Four cases resulted 3202 of Title 22 of the D.C. Code) says: nl sentences under the Youth Corrections "If any person shall commit a crime of vio­ Act, although they involved serious crimes lence in the District of Columbia when armed and the individuals were 18, 19, 20, and 21 MR. EARL S. REYNOLDS OF THE with or having readlly available any pistol years old, all old enough to have been tried KAISER STEEL CORP. TO RETIRE or other firearm, he may, in addition to the as adults-for having committed adult crimes punishment provided for the crime, be pun­ with weapons. Perhaps even more shocking ished by imprisonment for a term of not were the sentences given out for murder. One HON. JERRY L. PETTIS more than five years; upon a second convic­ individual guilty of first-degree murder and OF CALIFORNIA tion for a crime of violence so committed he robbery received a 2-year minimum sentence. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may, in addition to the punishment pro­ Another convicted of second-degree murder vided for the crime, be punished by imprison­ received an 8-month minimum sentence. And Monday, July 1, 1968 ment for a term of not more than ten years; there was one suspended sentence for assault Mr. PETTIS, Mr. Speaker, on July 31, upon a third conviction for a crime of vio­ with intent to k111. In each of these cases lence so committed he may, in addition to guns were used. In each case, guilty verdicts 1968, Earl S. Reynolds, director of pub­ the punishment provided for the crime, be were entered. Do the sentences match the lic relations for Kaiser Steel Corp., in punished by imprisonment for a term of not seriousness of the crimes? I think not. Do the Fontana, Calif., will retire after nearly 26 more than fifteen years; upon a fourth or sentences indicate a need for additional gun years of participation in Kaiser Steel and subsequent conviction for a crime of vio­ laws? Are the judges of this city helping to other Kaiser companies. lence so committed he may, in addition to fight crime by punishing criminals. Congress A few years after the late Henry J. the punishment provided for the crime, be will soon consider new gun laws. I am hope­ told his to "go out punished by imprisonment for an additional full consideration will also be given to in­ Kaiser engineers and period of not more than thirty years."' creasing the penalty for those who use weap­ build a steel plant" Earl came to the Fon­ In the Act of December 27, 1967 the Con­ ons in crime. The judges of Washington and tana area in San Bernardino County. It gress further amended this legislation so other cities must come to realize the 1m- became Earl's job to "sell" this rural, 19592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 citrus-growing community on the fact Founded in 1938 to gain a greater recogni­ grassroots approach to this vastly compli­ tion and understanding of small business by cated problem may be a help in your search that Kaiser Steel could be a good and the general public and the Congress, our for solutions. valuable neighbor. Earl was successful, Association has tailored its legislative pro­ Inflation-During the period between 1960 and throughout the following years he posals through this annual Washington and 1968 the U.S. Government spent nearly expanded his activities to include ac­ Presentation not for the exclusive benefit $57 billion more than it collected in taxes. cepting several city and county commis­ of New England but also for small business Abroad we spent $16 billion more than we sion posts. He further participated in everywhere. received. numerous youth organizations, State and This nationwide interest has been wel­ The federal debt has gone up by $60 biilion National groups, and was generally active comed by the Congress over the years as wit­ in 10 years. nessed by the contacts and participation we The purchasing power of the dollar has de­ in civic affairs. receive yearly from Congressmen outside of clined every year for the past decade. I have enjoyed a long, warm friend­ New England. Non-defense federal spending has almost ship with Earl, and have often consid­ We firmly believe our purposes in promot­ doubled since 1960. ered him my counselor. I know that my ing and protecting the interest of small busi­ This continuous and large-scale trend of predecessor of 14 terms, the Honorable ness is most vital. Our free enterprise sys­ excessive spending over income has led to a Harry Sheppard, worked successfully tem is over 95% small business and its vital­ dangerous inflationary climb that has eroded with him on community and national ity and growth are essential to the economic the value of the dollar to a serious degree. On problems and that Congressman Shep­ growth of the whole country. the other hand the small business executive For 30 years SBANE has actively worked must operate within the discipline o!f a pard has the highest regard for Earl with the Congress to support and bring to budget which is geared to keep his income Reynolds. your attention specific measures that we be­ and expenses in balance. This fiscal discipline The current issue involving corporate lieve should be undertaken to render assist­ requires a weighing of desirable programs to social responsibility is a reminder to us ance to small business. Through the years keep them in balance with what the com­ that Kaiser Steel early recognized, im­ the concern and attention of the Congress pany can afford. plemented, and continues to perpetuate to small business has increased measurably. To restore International trust in our dollar, such a program. Earl was effective in the When our Association was founded, for in­ maintain our capacity for world leadership stance, there were no Senate and House Com­ and relieve the pressures of an unstable initial support and launching of this mittees for Small Business nor a federal economy that affects everyone, SBANE recom­ endeavor. agency like the Small Business Administra­ mends the following: Mr. Reynolds has been recognized by tion. 1. Reduction in government spending the senate of the State of California, Of all the segments of our society that now 2. Passage of 10% surcharge tax during its most recent legislative session, have some type of an association, few are as 3. Reduction in rate of growth of the for his outstanding work. easily justified as an organization for small money supply business. Big businesses can hire specialized We believe the reduction in government I commend Earl S. Reynolds for his talent to run the various departments of spending should begin with a long, hard look community and corporate service. their companies. The unique characteristics at the need for the present tempo of the of the small businessman as the fellow who space program. This is just one ex·ample, we must play many solo roles and wear many believe, where huge appropriations are spent hats and who must rely on his own knowl­ on a program that is very desirable but not a SBANE'S PROPOSALS FOR CON­ edge and experience rather than a staff of necessity at the present level. GRESSIONAL ACTION experts has prompted him to seek guidance THE CASE FOR ECONOMY IN GOVERNMENT along many channels. Membership in SBANE brings the young entrepreneur in contact Economy in Government-senator William with experienced businessmen where he can Proxmire and Congressman Wilbur Mills have HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE filed bills which we strongly endorse as con­ OF MASSACHUSETTS obtain advice and counsel on the weighty problems and decisions that he must cope structive and fundamental approaches to ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with daily. penditure control. S. 2032 and H.R. 10520 will Monday, July 1, 1968 SBANE also offers a focus for expression create a twelve-member bi-partisan Govern­ in ma,ny areas. Of great importance is the ment Program Evaluation Commission to Mr. MORSE of Massachusetts. Mr. long-established liaison with our friends in examine all old and new Federal programs Speaker, recently the Smaller Business Washington through this Presentation, ap­ and activities to determine their continued Association of New England-SBANE-­ pearances before various committee hearings need and effectiveness. At a time when our met with Members of Congress to dis­ and frequent contact with the Congress and national needs must be weighed within a cuss the problems of the small business­ various departments and agencies on matters reasonable tax structure, it is vital that the that affect small business. Congress give high priority to every avenue man. As usual, the presentation of One of the grwtifying results of our As­ of improvement in the functioning of our SBANE's proposals to the Congress was sociation's activities in Washington has been government. imaginative, thoughtful, and informa­ your support of our proposals and the re­ This would be the fifth major reorganiZa­ tive. SBANE, founded in 1938, is a pri­ quests we have received to start simular or­ tion during this century. All previous studies vate, nonprofit, nonpartisan association ganizations in other regions of the country. resulted in improvement of government of small companies throughout New Eng­ Within the past year, two members of the management a.t less cost. Some of the past land. Part of the PUI'POSe of this asso­ Senate have sought the assistance of SBANE studies have been more effective than others ciation is the promotion and support of in establishing a small business association and we suggest guidelines to insure the most in their states. Extensive ma,terials and productive commission possible: legislation and Government activities background information on how our Asso­ 1. S>ize of the Commission be limited beneficial to small business. The follow­ ciation operates have been furnished and 2. The members of the Commission be out­ ing is the first of two parts of the SBANE SBANE is gratified by this interest. standing private citizens without recent "Proposals for Congressional Action," Today, we offer your proposals and recom­ affiliation with any governmental agency dealing with economy in Government, mendations on legislative issues we believe 3. The Commission be appointed by the participation in Gove·rnment procure­ are in the best interests of small business President after consultation with leaders of and the general public through the strength­ both parties in both houses ment, pension plans, and patents. The 4. The Commission be authorized and introduction to the proposals is by Mr. ening of the American free and competitive enterprise. We ask that you weigh the pro­ funded to perform the study in a thorough M. Michael Cantor, president of SBANE. posals by SBANE as you vote on the issues and professional manner I heartily recommend these proposals to we have included because of the importance Mr. Luther Gulick, Chairman of the Board my colleagues for their careful reading they carry to the small business community. of Trustees, Institute of Public Administra­ and under unanimous consent I submit The threat of uncontrolled inflation, the tion, New York City, has participated in the them for inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL need for greater economy in government and past four major studies. His reputation in the RECORD, as follows: a serious deficit in the balance of payments field of Public Administration is world-wide. are all topics the Congress has heard much The following quotation from Mr. Gulick THE 1968 SMALLER BUSINESS ASSOCIATION OF about recently. summarizes our beliefs on this vital subject. NEW ENGLAND, INC., PROPOSALS FOR CoN­ These conditions are in many ways inter­ "It is even more important for government GRESSIONAL ACTION related. They all affect the strength of our to be modernized than it is for private bus­ (Introduction presented by M. Michael Can­ dollar. As small business owners, we are the iness to be, because government does not tor, E. Van Noorden Co., Boston, Mass., most vulnerable to the fluctuations tn an have the curative influence of competition to president of SBANE) unstable economic system. get rid of the deadwood and substitute more Gentlemen, the Smaller Business Associa­ We have given all three of these vast and effective approaches." tion of New England, Inc., as the only region­ complex areas serious study from the view­ Balance of payments-We believe there are al organization of its kind in the United point of our experience in running our own better approaohes to meeting the balance States, fills a very unique role in represent­ business and we convey to you, the Congress, of payments problem than taxing money ing smaller businesses in New England. some of our observations. We hope that our spent abroad. 'WhHe the U.S. Treasury esti- July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19593 mates this would bring a savings of between who encounters a serious problem while doing not apt to do so if the dispute is the result 300 and 500 million dollars a year, this savings business with the government. Eliminating of action by the "prime" which affects the could be largely negated should the tourist the confusion will save small business the "sub". provoke retaliation. waste of time, effort and money now devoted B. When suits have been made i.n Courts of Several incentive proposals have been of­ to procurement difficulties. Competent Jurisdiction by a "sub" against fered to encourage foreign tourism in this Legislation to create this Commission is a "prime" such Courts have ruled with country and greater export by U.S. firms, H.R. 12510 and S. 1145 'which provide that the reasonable consistency that the wrttten especially small businesses, which seem a Commission will be composed of members terms of the contract are the whole terms better and more effective way of combating appointed by the President of the United and that in the absence of a "Dispute" clause the balance of payments crisis. States, President of the Senate and the there is no ground for suit. Such adverse PROCUREMENT Speaker of the House of Representatives. The decisions can be expeoted particularly with Comptroller General or his des1gnated rep­ regard to terms imposed on the sub by During last year's Washington Presenta­ resentative is to serve as an ex-officio member. direction of the Governmerut. For example: tion we expressed the serious con<'ern of our Seven members, according to H.R. 12510 are ASPR 7-104.29 states the context of clauses Association over the number of highly quali­ to be appointments made outside of the Fed­ to be included in various type government fied smaller businesses that had made the eral Government. contracts and subcontracts to provide for decision to either cease or greatly reduce We are in accord with the minority views price reduction if defective cost or pricing their participation in government procure­ of members of the House Committee on Gov­ data has been furnished. ment. Because of the inherent capabilities ernment Operations who have stated, "Unless The clause as written in a Government of small business such as inventiveness, in­ the appointment of non-Congressional mem­ contract with a prime, specifically provides genuity and flexibility, we believe this exodus bers of the proposed Commission is to be the prime access to the standard Government from procurement is not in the best interests made with the greatest degree of care and "Disputes" clause. However, the clause that of the government. circumspection, a bias could well develop in the prime 1s required by the Government to The seriousness of the problem also has favor of contractors, or in favor of Govern­ insert in subcontracts (and that the subcon­ been expressed by Congressman James C. ment Procurement Agencies, or in favor of tractor must insert in lower tier contracts Corman, Chairman, Sub-Committee on Gov­ large businesses over smaller businesses, when appropriate) does not make reference ernment Procurement of the House Small (SBANE's emphasis) or in favor of the status to a "disputes" clause. In fact, the clause Business Committee, in hearings that re­ quo, or in favor of Government in house applicable to subcontracts gives a prime uni­ viewed the procurement policies and prac­ capab1lity over private enterprise, or in favor lateral power, as representative of the Gov­ tices of Federal agencies to determine their of almost any special interest over the tax­ ernment, to determine by itself that a sub­ effect upon small business. payer's interests." contractor has provided defective cost or On March 13th when SBANE testified l'e­ We understand that the House Rules Com­ pricing data. Also, the Government has the fore this Sub-Committee, Congressman Cor­ mittee has voted to defer Congressman Holi­ same unilateral power in many subcontracts man stated that the small business share o:f field's request to send the Government Oper­ through its right to audit provided for in military procurement has declined from ations Committee bill to the House floor. We ASPR 7-104.41 and as sometimes otherwise 21.8% in fiscal year 1966 to 18% for the first will continue to urge the adoption of a Com­ provided. six months of fiscal 1968. Yet the net value mission on Government I>rocurement, how­ of m111tary procurement from 1965 to 1967, It is therefore recommended that provi­ ever, we would like to point out that we sions be made in ASPR as follows: alone, increased by $15 billion. strongly feel the need of having small busi­ Several of our members also appeared at ness represented. "That contracts and purchase orders issued these hearings to cite specific examples of by a Government prime contractor to a sub­ problems that they had encountered. Many SET-ASIDE PROGRAM AND PCR'S contractor contain a "disputes" clause giving constructive suggestions were offered to cor­ The Smaller Business Association of New the subcontractor access to the appropriate rect inequities and deficiencies in Federal England, Inc., notes with pleasure that the Government contracting officer and, 1f neces­ government procurement. Procurement Center Representatives of the sary, the Armed Services Board of Contract For example, Ted Valpey of Valpey Corpo­ Small Business Administration will be re­ Appeals in the event of dispute related to the ration, Ho111ston, Massachusetts, suggested established. terms and conditions of the contract, when the establishment of a program similar to SBANE wishes to emphasize the impor­ such dispute cannot be settled by the sub­ the Service Corp of Retired Executives tance of the joint set-aside program as it was contractor with the prime." (SCORE) to deal with procurement specifi­ established. It was of benefit in increasing This right should accrue to a subcontractor cally. Organized in the Small Business Ad­ the amount of business to the small busi­ whether the dispute is the result of actions by ministration, it would be composed of re­ nessman and of equal beneficial importance the Government or the prime contractor in tired business executives familiar with the to the Government in cost savings. connection with the contract. If the prime complex procurement procedures who could In fiscal year 1965, Department of Defense contractor, acting as an agent for the Govern­ visit smaller businesses and offer counseling set aside 6.3% of the total value of mmtary ment, imposes terms as directed by the Gov­ in procurement matters. procurements for small business. This fell to ernment or as approved by the Government, We hope that all of you will study the 5.0% in fiscal year 1966, thence to 4.7% in then a subcontractor should have access to records of these hearings to get a more de­ fiscal year 1967 and is down to 3.7% for the relief in the event of dispute to the real pur­ tailed, up-to-date insight into the procure­ first half of fiscal year 1968. This i·s a reduc­ chaser-the Government. tion of 42.7% in the value of set-asides. ment field. MAXIMUM MONTHLY SUPPLY POTENTIAL COMMISSION ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT This indicates to us the great need for the prompt return of the PCR's and joint set­ When bidding on government contracts a The Smaller Business Association of New aside program and we trust that DOD and small business must rightfully be expected England, Inc. supports the establishment of SBA will move with dispatch in the re-estab­ to comply with many requirements. However, a Commission on Government Procurement lishment of this program. we believe one of these, "Maximum Monthly provided small business is represented. Supply Potential" places a costly and unfair The Federal government is a $70 billion a ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTRACTS DISPUTES CLAUSE burden on small business and often dis­ year business in purchasing goods and serv­ We strongly believe that contracts and pur­ qualifies worthy and otherwise competent ices and more than half is spent by the vari­ chase orders issued by a Government prime companies from competing on contracts. Un­ ous procurement agencies. The practices and contractor to a subcontractor should contain der this requirement, the firm must be able procedures used in procurement are numer­ a "Disputes" clause to give subcontractors to supply a set number of items per month ous and varied. access to the appropriate Government con­ plus have the capacity to produce a maxi­ The Federal Property and Administrative tracting officer and the Armed Services Board mum amount-usually a year's supply in Services Act and the Armed Services Procure­ of Contraot Appeals when a dispute cannot ninety days-if the government demands for ment Act are the basic statutes for procure­ be sett.led between a sub and the prime. this item should increase at a substantial ment. They were enacted almost 20 years ago Such a clause is standard in all Govern­ rate. when the budget was a fraction of its present ment prime contracts but the prime contrac­ We believe this maximum monthly supply size. Since then government responsibiliies tor is prohibited from including such a clause potential factor, most frequently imposed by have grown and scores of new departments in subcontracts. the General Services Administration, is often have been added. It would seem that the intent of Armed established arbitrarily and could be used to The proposed Commission on Government Services Procurement Regulations 23-203 eliminate small business from competitive Procurement would create a sweeping study is to insure the Government against direct bidding. Small businesses sometimes are of present policies and procedures, statutes claims by a subcontractor and to suggest forced to purchase extra equipment to meet and regulations. It would ferret out loopholes, that unresolved disputes between "prime" this maximum monthly potential only to inconsistencies, conflicts and variations in and "sub" by resolved by arbitration, by find later they do not need the machinery. present practices. suit in the courts, or by a "prime" instituting For example, a small New England company This legislation wlll benefit both govern­ an appeal to the Government on behalf of a had to buy two more screw machines for ment and business. Most important w111 be to "sub". The ASPR does not insulate the Gov­ $30,000 in order to meet maximum provide greater economy in government. Also, ernment but provides no positive safeguard monthly supply potential for a certain prod­ as members of the Congress you have un­ to a subcontracrtor because: uct. The company could easily have met the doubtedly been called upon to help a con­ A. A "prime" does not have to assert normal requirements without the new stituent, particularly a smaller businessman, a claim on behalf of a "sub" and is machines. 19594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 To this day, the machines have not been tarily instituted may very well damage the the burgeoning bureaucracy might be used because the maximum potential has small business segment of our society and, made more efficient, thus reducing the never been needed by the government therefore, its employees. We urge you to al­ cost to the taxpayer. agency. This small company is faced with low this healthy growth to continue in an I wholeheartedly commend Congress­ large monthly payments for two machines orderly manner. man RoTH for his presentation of this which it was required to buy in order to PATJ!iNTS qualify for the contract. enormous and difficult work, which re­ SBANE opposes legislation that would quired endless hours of detailed research Several small firms have been denied con­ change the present system under which pat­ tracts containing the maximum monthly ents are issued the first inventor to the first We need more men like him in the Con­ supply potential requirement and have de­ to tile system that has been proposed to the gress. clined to apply for a Certificate of Compe­ Congress. tency knowing that they can meet estimated Despite the enormous investment that requirements, but not the maximum month­ large companies spend each year on research TODAY'S HORATIO ALGER HEROES ly supply potential provisions. and development, studies reveal that small SBANE believes this system of maximum businesses are still the birthplace of most of monthly supply potential should receive the new ideas and products that are mar­ HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL careful study by the Small Business Admin­ keted. For this reason, the Association has OF MARYLAND istration and the Procurement Regulations given careful study to the recommendations IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committees and changes be made to prevent of the President's Commission on Patent Re­ well-qualified small businesses from indis­ form and legislation that has been filed in Monday, July 1, 1968 criminate elimination on government bid­ the Congress as a result of this study. ding solely because of this maximum re­ Of particular interest to small business is Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, it is indeed quirement. the proposal to change the system of priority heartening to know that the spirit of PRIVATE PENSION PLANS from "first to invent" to "first to file" or var­ Horatio Alger is still with us today, not­ Everyone here today realizes that the ob­ ious modified first to tile rules that have been withstanding the fact that his first pub­ jectives of Government and Industry are submitted to the Congress. lished book "Ragged Dick'' appeared over not dissimilar. We are both interested in the The cost of a patent application to an in­ 100 years ago. We remember him well economic prosperity of the country and its ventor is from $500 to $1,000 and higher in as the author of over 100 books, whose citizens. Retirement security is an important complex cases. These changes in the patent heroes, by leading exemplary lives strug­ corollary to this broad objective. To this laws would impose a serious financial burden gling valiantly against poverty and other end, certain programs have been developed on small business and the private inventor during this country's economic history. A who often lacks the funds to tile patent ap­ odds, won wealth and honor. significant one, fam111ar to all, is social se­ plications that have not demonstrated com­ The May 1968 issue of Nation's Busi­ curity. This is, and should remain, a broad mercial utility. These inventors must con­ ness published an article entitled "To­ basic retirement system. Another area of in­ serve their funds to develop inventions for day's Horatio Alger Heroes." It is of creasing importance, which complements so­ which there is substantial expectation of special interest, not only because it is cial security, is the role of private industry­ commercial use and value. Large businesses, true, but as evidence that the spirit of sponsored pension plans. however, can afford to tile and prosecute pat­ free enterprise still animates our youths, Private pension plans are not new but ent applications on all likely inventions their burgeoning growth since 1940 has without knowing their commercial value. many of whom are tomorrow's business­ attracted increased attention. This growth, The present cost to the Patent Office in men. which gives rise to private pension fund as­ conducting first invention contests and inter­ As one of the Representatives to Con­ sets now in excess of $100 billion, has come ferences is less than $250,000 with a staff of gress from Greater Baltimore, Md., I was about not only in terms of numbers of peo­ 20 employees. This low expenditure of man­ particularly pleased that two fine and up­ ple covered, which is currently over 30 mil­ power and money to insure the patent goes to the first inventor is a good indication of standing young men of the area, Patrick lion employees, but even more significantly M. Fahey and Fred Cuomo are cited in in terms of the percentage of the total work the efficiency, economy and reasonableness of force covered. As a representative of indus­ the present system. The proposed changes the article which merits reprinting in try and small business, this association is would encourage half-baked applications that the pages Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. keenly desirous of having this growth con­ would lead to more expensive contests and a The article follows: greatly increased workload on the Patent tinue and even accelerate. TODAY'S HORATIO ALGER HEROES Office. There is no need for us to debate whether (By Wilbur Martin) government has a role in private pension These proposed changes would preclude an plans, for we are not apart. Certainly, when inventor from contesting the priority of an Horatio Alger's heroes were young men with a system affecting the financial well-being invention merely because he falled to file a burning ambition to "strive and succeed," of our citizenry reaches such magnitude, it patent application within a prescribed pe­ poor boys who overcame poverty and dis­ warrants examination by many responsible riod before another who claims the same in­ advantaged backgrounds in the best Ameri­ bodies. Our concern today is to alert the vention. can tradition. Congress of the United States to the danger We ask that you resist any changes in the Those countless thousands who thr11led to of tempering with an already proven success­ patent laws from the present first to invent Ned the Newsboy and Alger's other young ful program. We think there is a tendency to system that has succesfully protected and knights have all grown up, many to become encouraged American inventiveness for so today's business and industrial leaders. And, note a desirable provision in one plan and, many years. therefore, deduce that it would be even in nostalgia, they may ponder: Where are more desirable to make this provision man­ ------the candy butchers of old No. 9, the shoe­ datory for all plans. This is not the case shine boy and the waif on the corner with his since the success of the private pension plan THE PROGRAM INFORMATION ACT financial extra? system has been in a good measure the re­ Alger's fictional characters have their real­ sult of the fiexibility accorded it. The pen­ life counterparts, just as they always have. sion costs, which can be borne by each com­ HON. JAMES V. SMITH You can find them in the garment district pany, vary widely. Size, profitability, income OF OKLAHOMA of New York City, pushing dress racks along stability, and labor mobility are some of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Seventh Avenue and dreaming of one day reasons. owning a manufacturing house of their own. Current legislation before you, which re­ Monday, July 1, 1968 Or ushering at NBC, ABC or CBS, striving to lates to mandatory vesting, portability, in­ Mr. SMITH of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, break into television, just as did hundreds of creased minimum contributions, and Federal youngsters who clerked in the drugstores on last Tuesday, June 25, my esteemed near Hollywood and Vine in Hollywood's hey­ Reinsurance, we believe is not, in the long colleague Congressman BILL RoTH, of run, in the best interest of the employer or day. the employee. Our belief is this stems from Delaware, delivered to the House of Rep­ You can find them on college campuses. the fact that legislation of this sort will in­ resentatives the results of an outstanding There are more of this type among the ivy crease the cost of private pension plans to the study, which will benefit every Member of than the mop-haired, bearded, beaded, sock- employer. Faced with this increased cost, he this body and the organization of gov­ less vocal searchers who :flit from cause to must of necessity give consideration to re­ ernment as a whole. The general public cause. ducing the ultimate retirement benefits. In will also be assisted greatly by being able Every businessman can look back on his addition, increasing the cost must certainly to better understand the services offered own school days and remember "Working hinder the adoption of new plans which nei­ Willie," the boy who had a dozen odd-jobs ther you, gentlemen, or this association, by the various branches of the broad es­ to pay his way through school and finance deems desirable. The small business execu­ tablishment of government. I am pleased Saturday night's date. tive must be allowed more latitude in the to cosponsor the Program Information Today's counterpart to Alger's Ned the design and funding of his plan. Act with the hope that it will find its Newsboy is far more sophisticated, but his In summation, further restrictive legisla­ full usefulness in the disseminating of aim is the same: to succeed. A good example tion to control private pension plans volun- information and also with the desire that of the type of enterprise you can find on July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19595 almost any campus is Patrick M. Fahey, 24, articles on Chicago street gangs living off been appearing before the McClellan sub­ of Baltimore, president of Paladin Advertis­ Office of Economic Opportunity funds. committee. ing Co. His vice president is Fred Cuomo, 21. Senator Carl Curtis (Rep., Neb.), a mem­ More than 2 weeks before the Senate Per­ ber of the Presbyterian Church, declared Fahey tells it llke this: manent Investigating Subcommittee be­ "I was 21, going to the University of Balti­ that he believed that Zimmerman and other more and I wanted to pay my own way. I also gan open hearings on the OEO blunder, church people "are a little premature" in knew that when you go to get a job, busi­ Mr. Mollenho:ff had reported in the Reg­ making such a broad defense of the Rev. Dr. nessmen ask you, 'What have you done,' even ister that OEO would come under fire in Fry. if you've just graduated." the committee hearings. KINDEST THING Paladin Advertising Co. (from a character Mr. Mollenhoff's stories make it clear Senator Karl Mundt (Rep., S.D.) declared out of the time of Charlemagne but best re­ that Rev. John E. Fry, the pastor of the that the Rev. Dr. Fry might have been "a membered as a TV western Robin Hood type) First Presbyterian Church in Chicago, well-motivated kind of a fellow when he got was born with $75 and a printer w1111ng to into this Blackstone Ranger business, but I carry it on the cuff. where the gangs headquartered, was im­ think the kindest thing I could say about Its stock in trade is a sports directory that plicated-if not directly, at least through him is that he has been unaware of what also lists every graduating student each year knowledge-with the unlawful activities was happening around him. from the University of Baltimore (and grew of the gangs. Mundt and McClellan have called the Rev. to editions for 12 other Maryland colleges). While he may have been naive aJt the Dr. Fry "naive" in his dealings with the It also handles place mats for fraternity start, Reverend Fry apparently learned leaders of a criminal gang who have been functions (courtesy of participating mer­ as the program progressed the ways in convicted of rape, 1llegal possession of nar­ chants), ads on the ba<:k of dance and raffle cotics, assault and battery, robbery, bur­ tickets. which the outlaw gangs misused Govern­ glary, conspiracy to murder, and murder. Fahey tells his score of full-time campus ment funds. The Senate Permanent Investigating Sub­ employees that companies are looking for Congratulations also are due to Sena­ committee headed by McClellan started the people who realize they must have something tors JoHN L. McCLELLAN, of Arkansas, investigation because the Office of Economic else beside a college diplom~ome solid KARL E. MUNDT, of South Dakota, and Opportunity (OEO) had made a grant of work experiences and a background of ac­ CARL T. CURTIS, of Nebraska for thor­ $927,000 to a Chicago organization for an complishment. oughly exploring this OEO program and educational program that had been ad­ To add a little more incentive than the ministered by the leaders of two Chicago 40 per oent commission, he had a contest acting on behalf of the taxpayers to block criminal gangs-the Blackstone Rangers and and the top salesmen ended up with com­ the wasteful expenditure of Federal the East Side Disciples. pany titles: vice president, secretary, treas­ funds. The program was admittedly a "high risk" urer. Other good producers got a $3 gas I commend Mr. Mollenhoff's articles to program, and Chicago police, Mayor Richard allowance. the attention of my colleagues: Daley and social organizations have been Along the four-year road, Fahey became CHICAGO GANG TESTIMONY PROBLEM FOR appalled at the lack of supervision the pro­ the youngest member ever taken into the PRESBYTERIANS gram was receiving. It was an educational Baltimore Chamber of Commerce and the program where dropouts from the ninth and Advertising Club. (By Clark Mollenhoff) tenth grade were teaching dropouts from He also moved his company offices from WASHINGTON, D.C.-Testimony of the the third and fourth grade. his basement to an office of its own, a $lO-a­ criminality of the Blackstone Rangers street But the testimony has established that month garage (no heat, but a rug on the gang in Chicago has stirred a multitude of very little actual teaching was being done, concrete floor). And his mother, as Cuomo's, problems for the United Presbyterian Church. and there has been little evidence that the stlll is the telephone answering service. At least for the moment, the highest offi­ program has reformed the Blackstone "The company's been fun," says Fahey, cials of the church have given their full sup­ Rangers or the Disciples. graduated now and 1-A in the draft. port to the Rev. Dr. John E. Fry, the con­ CONDITIONS WORSE "It has paid my way through college and troversial 44-year-old pastor of the First given me something that I think I can either A dozen witnesses from the Chicago Police Presbyterian Ohurch in Chicago. Department and from the office of the Cook build on or give me terrific experience if But the views of the hierarchy of the I go to work for somebody else. It has also church are not given such enthusiastic en­ County state's attorney have testified that given me the down payment on some crime conditions have become worse under dorsement by those who feel that the Rev. the federal grant. property." Dr. Fry is at least, "misguided" 1n his stout Cuomo, who won an athletic scholarship defense of such characters as Eugene (Bull) The number of shootings in the area of to Baltimore as a soccer player, wlll be able Hairston, president of the Rangers, and Jeff the Blackstone Rangers and Disciples has to keep Paladin operating 1f Fahey goes into (Black Prince) Fort, the gang's vice­ more than doubled since the program was service--for a wh1le. He's a senior himself. president. started. There have been 30 gang k1llings Fahey unabashedly believes "opportuni­ DENOUNCED PROBE in the area just since Jan. 1. ties are unlimited if you're will1ng to work" As far as Mayor Daley and police are con­ With no knowledge of the evidence, the cerned, the "high risk" experiment in letting and ••you can still make something out of Rev. Dr. John Coventry Smith, moderator of nothing." the criminal gangs dole out federal funds the church's General Assembly and titular has gone far enough. They want it stopped. "Maybe it's corny to think like this. But head of the church, rushed to Washington you look at the people who made this coun­ last week to denounce the McClellan Per­ Police and prosecutors have testified that try great. They thought like this and they conditions are generally worse, that the manent Investigating Subcommittee and Blackstone Rangers have continued a pat­ did a pretty good job of it. praise Pastor Fry for "the br1lliance of his "What's wrong 1f you think you can still tern of extortion, intimidation, narcotics insights and the creative imagination of his peddling, robbery and murder. become a millionaire?" he grins. approach to the problems of church and sodety." The Rev. Dr. Fry says Mayor Daley and "He (Fry) has done things that the rest of the Chicago police are engaged in a major us would not have been able to do," the Rev. effort to frame him because they do not ap­ Dr. Smith said. "He has succeeded in estab­ prove of his unorthodox approach to dealing CLARK MOLLENHOFF, A FINE with social problems. REPORTER lishing communications with street gangs in Chicago, making his church a base for rela­ The Rev. Dr. Fry and his lawyer, William tionship with representatives of under­ Brackett, continually emphasize that the privileged groups." most serious testimony about the Rev. Dr. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE Fry comes from two persons of questionable OF IOWA The Rev. Dr. Smith and the Rev. Dr. Ken­ neth G. Neigh, general secretary of the Board reliab1lity-George (Mad Dog) Rose, a former IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Blackstone Ranger war lord, and Annabelle of National Missions of the United Presby­ Martin, a poorly educated mother of 10 ch11- Monday, July 1, 1968 terian Church, shoved aside what they called "undocumented" testimony against the Rev. dren who admits that eight of her boys were Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, Clark Dr. Fry as having been made "by a former in the Blackstone Rangers and· that she Mollenhoff, an author and a Pulitzer gang leader and one other disaffected person." bought $90 worth of bullets for Ranger boss Prize winning reporter for the Des Hairston. The Rev. Drs. Smith and Neigh said they Committee Chairman McClellan and as­ Moines Register, has been a key figure in were relying upon Donald E. Zimmerman, executive of the Presbytery of Ohicago, who sociate counsel La Vern Duffy were aware keeping the people of Iowa and the Na­ that witnesses such as Rose and Mrs. Martin they said had made a "rather thorough" in­ tion informed of activities in Washing­ would be subject to serious attack if they ton. Through his clear and concise prose, vestigation of the whole matter. were not corroborated on major points by However, under questioning, the Rev. Dr. testimony of other witnesses. he frequently has taken the American Smith said he really didn't know how thor­ people behind the scenes of Government ough an investigation Zimmerman had con­ CORROBORATE FACT to find the real news. ducted and that he was rather certain tha.t Police and others corroborated the fact that An example of Mr. Mollenhofi's in­ Zimmerman had not questioned the police, there were guns and narcotics in the church, depth reporting is his current series of school authorities, or the witnesses who have and that the Rangers were engaged in ex- 19596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 tortion requiring businessmen to pay $50 to Woodlawn Organization (TWO) that was that local investigators have evidence of ex­ $150 a month for protection. However, there financed by a $927,000 grant from the Office tortion of businessmen by the Rangers. is nothing yet in the record to substantiate of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Signs signed by Jeff Fort were "sold" to the Rose charge that the Rev. Dr. Fry knew The Rev. Mr. Fry is a key figure in the various business establishments for $50 to about it. Woodlawn Organization, and is the major $150 a month as "protection" against the Mrs. Martin testified that sex parties took promoter of more federal funds to finance Blackstone Rangers, Pierson said. Evidence of place in the church ·at night, that girls came the gang-run educational program for this has been obtained from businessmen out smoking marijuana cigarettes and that another year. who were reluctant to talk because of fear, she delivered bullets to Hairston at the Mrs. Martin testified that she recognized Pierson said, and the case is being considered church when the Rev. Dr. Fry was present. the gang leaders-Eugene (Bull) Hairston by a local grand jury. Through the affidavits of a half-dozen wit­ and Jeff (Black Prince) Fort-as vicious Mrs. Martin said her children went to nesses, the subcommittee established that criminals but that there seemed no alterna­ the regular public schools in Chicago because Rose was correct in testifying that the Ne­ tive to letting her children join the gang and she would not permit them to attend the gro gang leaders had purchased five guns to try to work with it. anti-poverty school being run by the Black­ while on a church-financed vacation trip to On one occasion, Mrs. Martin testified, stone Rangers in the First Presbyterian Circle Pines Camp in Michigan with Charles Hairston, the president of the Blackstone Church. LaPaglia, a church counselor who assisted Rangers, hired her to buy bullets for the "What could they teach but murder and the Rev. Dr. Fry. gang. She said he gave her a list and $50 and narcotics peddling and extortion," Mrs. Mar­ Even if the Rev. Dr. Fry and LaPaglia she went to a pawn shop that sold am­ tin said when Chairman McClellan asked her were testifying honestly in denying that they munition. about the anti-poverty school. knew of the extortion, gun buying, drinking, The ammunition listed cost $90, Mrs. Mar­ The school is taught by fourth- to tenth­ and narcotics, the record very clearly estab­ tin testified, so she went back, got another grade dropouts, and Hairston and Fort re­ lished that such activities were taking place $50 from Hairston and then delivered the ceived salaries of $6,500 and $6,000 a year re­ in the First Presbyterian Church. ammunition at the First Presbyterian spectively as supervisors of the program. As the committee puts more corroboration Church. QUESTION SCHOOL into the record during the next week the An employe of the pawn shop filed an af­ fidavit with the subcommittee relating that McClellan and Senator Carl Curtis (Rep., problems will continue to pile up for the Rev. Neb.) questioned how these dropouts with Dr. Fry and for the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Martin had made such a purchase under the circumstances she related. criminal records could be expected to do a Even before the current Senate hearings, Mrs. Martin testified that she put the large satisfactory job of teaching studelllts mathe­ there had been some opposition to the Rev. package of bullets on a table in the church matics and literacy skills. Dr. Fry. and that the Rev. Mr. Fry came into the room Mrs. Martin and a half-dozen police officers In a speech in Minneapolis, Minn., on May and saw thetn. said the gang-run school is a menace to the 15 before the Presbyterian Conference on The Rev. Mr. Fry denied he had ever seen community. Evangelism, the Rev. Dr. Fry lashed out at any bullets in the church. He also denied However, the Rev. Mr. Fry continued to the "monstrous crimes" against the black that the Blackstone Rangers had sex parties assert that Hairston and Fort were "leaders people. He accused the church and the nation in his church, smoked marijuana cigarettes in the community" and were providing "in­ of condoning "murders, beatings, rape, ex­ there, and kept guns and other weapons spiration" to the young people in the Wood­ ploitation, savagery, and incalculable bru­ there. lawn area. talities." With Pastor Fry present at the same wit­ Pastor Fry said all of his accusers are in­ WHAT'S HAPPENING? ness table, Mrs. Martin declared that he had volved in "a frame-up," including Mrs. Mar­ In an editorial in the June issue of the seen the bullets and had been more in­ tin, who he said has a bad reputation, the Presbyterian Layman, lay leaders sharply terested in saving Hairston than in doing police officers of the gang intelligence unit, criticized the Rev. Dr. Fry for the lack of a something for two of her boys who were in­ and George (Watusi) Rose, a former warlord balanced presentation. The editorial stated volved as co-defendants in a conspiracy­ of the Blackstone Rangers who has said that there was no message of hope or love, "noth­ to-murder case. the Rev. Mr. Fry even passed on an order to ing but a harsh sweeping indictment of white Mrs. Martin testifie4 that her two sons­ kill one of the gang's enemies. Christians for all the monstrous crimes Marvin, 15, and Sanders, jr., 14-were ar­ Rose returned to the witness chair late against black people, for which we would be rested with Dennis Jackson, 15, in the slay­ Wednesday to confront the Rev. Mr. Fry with judged, not by God, but by such as Rap ing of a narcotic peddler and the wounding testimony that Pastor Fry knew of narcotics Brown and Stokely Carmichael." of two of his companions. and guns in the church and of extortion. "What in the world is happening to our The Martin boys were present at the time Rose said the Rev. Mr. Fry gave the gang church anyway?" the editorial asked. "If this of the slaying, but it was Jackson who shot the idea of extorting money from neighbor­ is the way our church is heading, then we had the three men, Mrs. Martin related. hood businessmen. He said there were stories better fold our tents and dissolve." MUSCLING IN in the newspapers indicating Blackstone ex­ tortion in 1966, but that it was not true a.t The picture of the actual operation of the She said Marvin and Sanders, both mem­ Blackstone Rangers in and round the First the time. bers of the Rangers, told her they were pres­ Pastor Fry suggested that the gang might Presbyterian Church in Chil.. ago is likely to ent with Jackson when Hairston asked him evoke an even greater reaction than the Rev. seek "contributions" from white businessmen Dr. Fry's speech. to kill the narcotics peddlers, who were re­ in the area because these businessmen had ported to be muscling in on Blackstone Ran­ been exploiting the Negro community, Rose ger narcotics operations. testified. A clever means was worked out to SEX, DRUGS AT CHURCH IN CHICAGO TOLD­ Mrs. Martin said she saw the boys run into MOTHER TIES PASTOR TO VICIOUS GANG "compliment" a businessman on his fine her house a few minutes after the slaying, place, and to suggest that he might need (By Clark Mollenhoff) and that she saw Hairston enter the house some protection to keep it from being burned WASHINGTON, D.C.-The mother of eight and go upstairs a few minutes later. She later or destroyed, Rose said. members of the Blackstone Rangers gang was told that Hairston gave the young boys He also testified that he had taken part in testified Wednesday that the First Presby­ $6 for the shooting, she said. the extortion, and that the Rev. Mr. Fry knew terian Church in Chicago is used for sex, After her two boys were arrested in connec­ of these instances. He said he had given the narcotics, guns, and as a haven for criminals. tion with the shooting, Mrs. Martin testified, name of the places and details in a closed Mrs. Annabelle Martin was one of several she went to the Rev. Mr. Fry for a lawyer. session of the hearing. witnesses to relate the criminal activities of She said he did not hire the lawyer she Police said they had corroborated much of the Blackstone Rangers and to assert that the wanted, but hired one from the Chicago the story told by Mrs. Martin and Rose, but Rev. John Fry, pastor of the church, "had to Legal Aid Society who told her that her boys that much of the corroboration could be know about it." should not talk about Hairston's role or they given only in a closed session of the commit­ The Negro mother of 10 children told the would be killed by Fort, vice-president of the tee because of fear for the safety of some of Senate Permanent Investigating Subcommit­ Rangers. · the witnesses. Mrs. Martin said she and her two sons did tee that physical violence directed by Ranger Pastor Fry testified that despite the testi­ leaders forced her to let eight of her 10 chU­ testify in the trial that resulted in the con­ viction of Hairston on a charge of conspiracy mony against him, he has the full backing dren join the Negro gang. of his Presbyterian Church membership. He After the children came home with bloody to murder. She said the Chicago police and the Cook County state's attorney's office have also declared that he has not lost his confi­ noses and torn clothing, she said, she decided dence in either Hairston or Fort, and would that it was necessary for them to join the moved her from her home in the Blackstone Ranger area and have her and her family retain them as supervisors in the program criminal gang. She said the small children if it is refunded by the OEO. paid 25 cents a week to avoid being beaten under 24-hour guard because of the fear they will be killed. The Senate hearing is for the purpose of and the older children paid 25 cents a day or demonstrating the use or misuse of govern­ $1.25 a week. CORROBORATES STORY ment funds and programs, and Chairman POVERTY PROGRAM Robert Pierson, an investigator for the McClellan, Senator Curtis, and Senator Karl Subcommittee Chairman John L. McClel­ state's attorney's office, corroborated her Mundt (Rep., S.D.) have indicated forcefully lan, (Dem., Ark.) heard the testimony in ex­ story about the vicious nature of the leaders that they do not believe the Woodlawn pro­ ploring an anti-poverty program called The of the Blackstone Rangers. He also testified grail?- should be funded for another year. July 1, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19597 How Two GANGS RAN $927,000 OEO PRo­ DEMANDED CONTROL Rangers. Open hearings are expected to start GRAM-OFFICIALS IGNORED POLICE WARN• However, the gang leaders did not want June 11. INGS to be assistant teachers, and although many INSIDE STORY (By Clark Mollenhoff) of them had dropped out of school in the The testimony of the former leader of the WAsHINGTON, D.C.-The Office of Economic sixth to tenth grades they demanded that Blackstone Rangers will provide the inside Opportunity (OEO) permitted a program in they be given full control of the teaching story on the operations of the Negro street Chicago, Ill., to be amended to give leaders assignments .. gangs in much the same manner that the of a criminal Negro gang almost total control Walsh testified that Bernstein and the testimony of Joe Valachi revealed the inner over the handling of a $927,000 anti-poverty Washington office of OEO "acceded to these workings of the Cosa Nostra. program, a Senate subcommittee was told demands." It was rationalized that the only Lavern Duffy, assistant committee counsel, Thursday. way that the gang members and the gang has been in charge of the questioning and The Permanent Investigating Subcommit­ leaders could "obtain power and status" was the custody of the carefully guarded Chicago tee headed by Senator John L. McClellan to permit them to run the program. Negro gang leader who will tell his story of (Dem., Ark.) heard testimony that the pro­ The result was a program in which drop­ the manner in which federal funds and gov­ gram was approved over the objections of out students were teaching other dropouts, ernment-financed headquarters were used by Chicago Mayor Richard Daley and Dr. Deton Walsh testified. the street gangs. Brooks, executive director for Urban Oppor­ Crime did not drop, he said, and in fact Duffy, formerly of Independence, Ia., was tunity. the major gang leaders were involved in also in charge of the Valachi case. The approval came from the OEO at a nearly as many crimes of violence--rape, It was only a year ago that the Washington time when R. Sargent Shriver was director, burglary, robbery and murder-after they office of the OEO, then under Poverty War and after he had been apprised of the objec­ came under the federally-financed program Director R. Sargent Shriver, announced a tions by Mayor Daley, Dr. Brooks and Chicago as they had been involved in prior to the federal grant of $927,341 to The Woodlawn police. program. Organization, Inc., also known as TWO, of Committee investigator John Walsh, a for­ Walsh related that gang leaders were given Chicago. mer Des Moines man, testified on the broad a bonus of $5 for each student they re­ The action of the Washington office of OEO scope of the investigation into what was cruited for the school, and with this incen­ was taken on the recommendations of Jerome admittedly to a "high risk" program to try tive used intimidation and bribery to get Bernstein, $18,764-a-year manpower special­ to rehabilitate the members of two crimi­ students to leave legitimate schools taught ist over the objections of Chicago Mayor nal gangs-the Blackstone Rangers and the by qualified teachers to join the dropout Richard Daley, local social agencies and local East Side Disciples. school. police. AN ALTERNATIVE STUDENTS PAID STREET GANGS Chairman McClellan said that this kind There were monetary incentives to going The money was given to the TWO organ­ of program "might be sound, worthy and to the dropout school. Those who went to ization with the full knowledge at OEO in laudable particularly when its alleged objec­ the legitimate schools received no pay, but Washington that it was to be used to estab­ tives are to give members of a gang of youths in the federally-financed schools run by the lish four headquarters' organizations for two an opportunity to choose an alternative to criminal gangs the students received from Negro street gangs-the Blackstone Rangers the lawlessness and violence which usually $45 to $58 a week, Walsh testified. and the East Side Disciples. characterize the activities of city street It also was testified that the gang leaders Bernstein, the roly poly bearded prophet gangs." worked another "racket" off of this system in tennis shoes, pushed the program through Before the day of testimony was over, Mc­ by demanding, and receiving, $10 a week the Washington office by-passing Daley and Clellan and other committee members had or more as a "kickback" from the students the local agencies. Bernstein's thoory was concluded that appropriation of nearly a they had recruited for the dropout school. that the local agencies had been unsuccess­ million dollars to the Woodlawn organiza­ When the program was being established ful "in reaching the gangs" and that an tion for use by the gang leaders had resulted there was a provision for "stringent selection "unusually high-risk program" was called for in so many improprieties and bad practices criteria" in the screening of "the selection to deal with the Negro gangs on Chicago's that it was doubtful if any real good came of indigenous individuals to fill staff posi­ south side. from the program. tions in the program," Walsh testified. OEO in Washington was aware that the Despite the continued lawlessness, includ­ In fact, there were no "stringent selection money was to be channeled through gang ing 28 murders since Jan. 1, the ·Office of criteria," and the best paying jobs of up to leaders with criminal backgrounds, but it Economic Opportunity, under the control of $6,500 a year went to the gang leaders with was reasoned that "the gang structure" Director Bertrand Harding, considering a the worst criminal records. should be used because the gang hold on renewal of the program for another year. Police found that the four gang head­ thousands of young Negroes would have made According to the testimony of Walsh and quarters used by the Blackstone Rangers and it more difficult to operate against the will Winston Moore, superintendent of the Cook the East Side Disciples for the anti-poverty of the criminal gang. County Jail in Chicago, if the program had program actually were havens for criminal At the time the TWO organizationre­ any chance when it started it lost that activity. Police found guns and narcotics in ceived the first funds there were agreements chance when OEO officials in Washington the headquarters, and there were brutal as­ worked out with the gang leaders. The lead­ bent to the demands of gang leaders and saults and even one slaying in one of the ers of the Blackstone Rangers were to control removed all safeguards and effective super­ local OEO-financed headquarters. two anti-poverty centers and leaders of the vision. EVALUATION JOB East Side Disciples would control two centers. PLANS DESIRED Six months after the program started, the There was to be an end to the warring Walsh testified that Shriver gave erroneous OEO did contract with a University of Chi­ between the two organizations that had re­ information to Mayor Daley relative to wheth­ cago professor to do an evaluation of the sulted in more than a dozen murders in less er such a program to finance the criminal program. The reports on these evaluations than two years. No 1llegal activity was to be gangs was even under consideration. Shriver were to be due every four months, and the permitted inside the government-financed told Daley and Dr. Brooks that no such pro­ price for the job was $80,000. centers, which was intended to mean that gram was being considered. Walsh testified. Walsh testified that the contract started the leaders would give up narcotics traffic, At the time there had been several meet­ in January, and that the government has prostitution, thievery, and carrying guns ings between Jerome Bernstein, then a repre­ not received the first evaluation report. In and knives. sentative of the Washington OEO office, and fact, Walsh said that although the bulk of POLICE RECORDS the gang leaders. Even on the day that Shriver the money has been paid out, the only The prohibition against illegal activity told Mayor Daley that there was no such known work has been the interviewing of a was based on the record showing that most program contemplated, Bernstein was meet­ few members of the criminal gangs by Dr. of the gang leaders had been arrested and ing in Philadelphia with the gang leaders and Irving Spergel, the University of Chicago convicted of serious crimes, and that a vast putting the final touches on the program. professor. majority of the gang members had serious Although Shriver never actually signed the police records. approval for the $927,000 grant to the Chi­ NINE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS AID FROM OEO called it "a demonstration manpower cago gangs, he was aware of the objections UNITED STATES TO STREET GANGs-INVESTI­ program" and stated that "the target popu­ by Daley and others, and was aware that GATING USE OF POVERTY FuNDS lation for this job training program will be one of his assistants did the actual sl:gning, (By Clark Mollenhoff) 800 unemployed poverty youths and young' testimony showed. adults ... Primary goal ... to obtain gainful Walsh testified that he and assistant com­ WASHINGTON, D.C.-The Office of Economic employment." mittee counsel Lavern Duffy, formerly of Opportunity (OEO) will come under fire for Although the program initially was to pro­ lndepence, Ia., have tried to obtain reports giving more than $900,000 to a Chicago anti­ vide close supervision by leaders from local on Bernstein's activity at OEO and have been poverty program that is perpetuatlng the church groups and business organizations, barred from these reports by officials of the racket-ridden leadership of two gangs of the close supervision promised by the Rev. OEO. Negro criminals. Arthur M. Brazier, president of TWO, and by Walsh testified that it was Bernstein who The permanent investigating subcommit- Bernstein, never materialized. set up the program initially with provisions tee, headed by Senator John L. McClellan that professional teachers would be employed (Dem., Ark.), last week heard testimony in a JOB PATRONAGE to take part in a basic education program. closed session from a defecting former leader There was gang leader resentment of bring­ Gang leaders were to be assistant teachers. of one Negro gang known as the Blackstone ing part-time community workers into the 19598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 1, 1968 program and interfering with their handling in the windows of merchants and others years and a considerable portion of the of the education and recreation centers. The stating: "Don't touch nowhere." The signs improvement can be attributed to the gang leaders wanted the pay that went with were signed etthe!' Blackstone or Disciples new fertilizers and techniques pioneered the best jobs, and they wanted the control and by officers of these g·angs. over the job patronage. Pol:ice have been less enthusiastic about throughout the Nation by the Fertilizer Over the period of the last year, the TWO the performance of the Negro gangs. They Development Center at Muscle Shoals. program instructors and trainees have been have had some reports that the lack of vio­ The pace of continued improvement of involved in one problem after another­ lence was a result of a widespread protection American agriculture is directly related three of the leaders have been charged With racket worked by some of the Rangers and to the work of the center. The fertilizer murder, and three have been charged with some of the Disciples. center's capacity for maximum benefit is rape. While there have been individual incidents clouded by the lack orf funds for essen­ The instruc

SENATE-Tuesday, July 2, 1968 The Senate met at 12 noon, and was ber that even the shadows themselves divide them, but the bands which unite called to order by the President pro tem­ are born of light. them. pore. Dowered with privileges and with pow­ May we conquer, not as nation over The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown er as no other nation, may our high nation, but as man over himself and his Harris, D.D., offered the following pray­ estate be to us Thy· call to protect the own weakness, that the true spirit of the er: weak and exploited, that all who seek Master with all its joy, its hope, and Our F'ather, God, who art the hope of to promote good will and understand­ above all, its abiding faith, may dwell all the ends of the earth and the light of ing in the world may be renewed in among us. all our seeing, help us who grope in the strength and courage: that men may Inspire and guide with Thy spirit these darkness of earth's dim ways to remem- realize more clearly, not the barriers that servants of the people to the end that