Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 2(1): 1-11, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.30048

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Geo-Information and Distribution Pattern of Petrol Service Station in Sango – Ota Metropolis in Ado – Odo Ota Local Government Area, ,

S. A. Ogunyemi 1* , O. O. Ajileye 1, K. H. Muibi 1, A. T. Alaga 1, O. E. Eguaroje 1, S. A. Samson 1, G. A. Ogunjobi 2, J. E. Adewoyin 1, O. S. Popoola 1, M. O. Oloko-Oba 1 and O. O. Omisore 1

1Cooperative Information Network, National Space Research and Development Agency, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 2Department Surveying and Geoinformatics, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors SAO, KHM and OOA designed the study, wrote the protocol, first draft of the manuscript and supervised the work. Authors OEE, OOO, JEA, OSP and MOOO carried out all the field work and performed the statistical analysis. Authors SAS and ATA managed the analyses of the study. Author GAO managed the literature searches and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Article Information

DOI: 10.9734/ARJASS/2017/30048 Editor(s): (1) Shiro Horiuchi, Associate Professor, COC Promotion Office, Yamagata University, Japan. Reviewers: (1) Khairul Nizam Tahar, Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics, Malaysia. (2) V. Sivakumar, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/17439

Received 14 th October 2016 Accepted 18 th November 2016 Original Research Article Published 5th January 2017

ABSTRACT

This study examined spatial pattern of petrol service station using nearest neighbor analysis, the inventory of service stations in terms of marketing official rank and mapping of petrol service stations with a view to providing a framework for the safety of citizen from fire hazards and to protect the immediate environment from fire menace. The data used for this research work was obtained from both primary and secondary data. Primary data included the coordinate point of both the petrol service stations and fire service stations using Global Positioning System (GPS)

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*Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];

Ogunyemi et al.; ARJASS, 2(1): 1-11, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.30048

receiver. Secondary data included land use map of the study area, Administrative Map of Ado–Odo Ota and the list of petrol service station. The data were analyzed using geographic information techniques. From the data survey carried out, the result of the analysis showed that Ado- Odo Ota has one hundred and thirty-four (134) petrol service stations and one fire service station and most of these petrol service stations were located along the major road that passes through the centre of , Iyana Ota, Onipanu Ota, Ojuore Junction, - highway. The nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of petrol service stations in each region revealed three major spatial distributions. The spatial pattern in Iju to Iyana and Iyana to Ojuore showed dispersed pattern, Abeokuta highway showed random pattern, while Sango Ota showed clustered pattern.

Keywords: Nearest neighbor analysis; dispersed; clustered; petrol service station; spatial analysis.

1. INTRODUCTION use of automobiles (Cars etc), generators and other petroleum demanding plants. The Nigeria is a blessed nation or country with pathetic power situation in Ado - Odo abundant natural resources of which petroleum Ota local Government, Ogun State, being the products play a vital role in Nigeria’s economy industrial area has exacerbated the [1]. This petroleum products account for 78% of increasing demand for diesel/ petroleum Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and products, leading to the increase of petrol also account for 90% of the Nigeria’s total service stations and consequently, with annual revenue and foreign exchange earnings less consideration of the minimum [2]. environmental safety requirements for their operations [6]. A petrol service station by definition is a public facility, where fuel (petrol, kerosene, diesel etc.) Town planner faces challenges of location of and lubricants for automobiles are sold. Most of public facilities and services which, as a result, these petrol service stations sell petrol, diesel exposes urban citizen to some dangers. Ado- and kerosene. And these fuels contain high Odo Ota is one of the local Government areas, in concentration of hazardous substance that Ogun state that experiences these problems that causes huge damage to human’s life and arises as a result of un-coordinated properties. The proliferation of petrol service development. The higher concentration of petrol stations is now a current trend in most of our service stations in the Local government urban area in the state [3]. area most especially in the city centre like Sango, Ota, Atan- Ota and Agbara has resulted in problem like traffic congestion, fire and Bolen [4] stated that every location on the explosion. Areas worst hit are Iyana Ota road surface of the earth has its analyzable merits and and Sango Ota road where there are demerits. Bolen categorized the factor into real higher concentration of traffic generating land physical condition and analysis physical uses which includes petrol service condition. Real physical is a visible condition of stations that are located to each other, with the site in relation to area such as land inadequate set-back from the residential unit condition, the wideness of the site, and the while some petrol service stations were sited on distance of the petrol service station to the the roundabouts. Therefore the need for highway. Analysis physical condition was a study on the spatial analysis of the distribution obtained from real physical condition such as and location of petrol service stations in Ado Odo population analysis, neighborhood factor, Ota Local Government using Geographic and competitor analysis. The two factors are Information System techniques becomes needed when sitting location for petrol service important, though different approaches had been station. previously used by different authors in other to have a conducive and aesthetic environment for The rise in urban population and the increase in working and living. automobile, generate various kinds of demands, one of which is petrol/ diesel [5]. This work focuses on the spatial distribution The rapid growth in population in most of our pattern of petrol service station in Ado Odo Ota urban centres in Ogun State has increased the Local government. This local government is most

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Ogunyemi et al.; ARJASS, 2(1): 1-11, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.30048

populous and industrialized local Government in 1.1 Study Area Ogun state, Nigeria. The Study area is Ado-Odo/Ota Local The study is triggered by the fact that human Government in Ogun State, one of the 20 local population and the number of vehicle is governments of Ogun state, found in the south increasing in the area and from the observation it west part of Nigeria. The Local Government is seems there may be some difficulty the second largest in Ogun State and it's as regard spatial distributions of petrol headquarter is at Ota. Ado-Odo/Ota Local service stations in the area. Therefore, the Government in Ogun State lies between aim of the study is to examine the safety of Longitudes 2°53 E and 3°14 E, and Latitudes citizen from fire hazards and way to 6°39 N and 6°30 N. The Local Government protect the immediate environment from fire covers an area of 1460 square kilometres and menace while the objectives are to share boundaries with Lagos State in the South, map the distribution of petrol service stations, South (Egbado) and local Government take the inventory of petrol service in the West and Local Government in the stations in terms of marketing official North East. The study area has an estimated rank and identify the spatial pattern in each population of 527,242, [7] with about Four region in the study area using nearest neighbor hundred and fifty (450) towns, villages and analysis. settlements, as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Ado – Odo Ota local government area

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2. MATERIALS AND METHODS typed in Excel Microsoft word to create a simple database and it was converted to shapefile for The data used for this research work was further analysis. obtained from both primary and secondary data. Primary data include the coordinate point of both 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the petrol service stations and fire service station using Global positioning system (GPS) receiver. 3.1 Spatial Distribution of Petrol Service Station in the Study Area Secondary data include land use map of the study area, Administrative Map of Ado –Odo Ota From the data survey carried out, Ado- Odo Ota and the list of petrol service station. The has one hundred and thirty-four (134) petrol topographic map was scanned, imported into service stations and one (1) fire service station ArcGIS environment and then georeference for and most of these petrol service stations were further analysis. The shapefiles were created in located along the major road that passes through ArcCatalog environment and it was used to the centre of Atan Ota, Iyana Ota, Onipanu Ota, digitize the roads, settlement, building, fire Ojuore Junction, Lagos - Abeokuta highway. The service station and petrol service station. Names numbers of petrol service station in the major and coordinates of petrol service station were road were shown in the Tables 1 to 4.

Table 1. Inventory of petrol service stations by major road: Olorunda to Iju Ota road

No Names Longitudes (E) Latitudes (N) Land use 1. Adesba 3.017538 6.683527 Adesba Hotel, Forest 2. Adedum 3.032381 6.678853 Residential Building 3. Haa Petroleum 3.026521 6.680916 Farm land 4. Yalateef Petroleum 3.026737 6.680507 Residential Building 5. Jokus 3.030123 6.679413 Residential Building 6. Gaadoj oil 3.051296 6.671351 Forest 7. Wonder Spread 3.055725 6.669861 Residential Building 8. Techno Oil 3.061790 6.667944 Residential Building 9. Big Solajark 3.064713 6.667039 Forest 10. Sun Shine 3.069020 6.665596 Cultivated Area 11. Jimkemi 3.066933 6.666683 Cultivated Area 12. YTK 3.078785 6.663273 Residential Building 13. TB 3.082353 6.662277 Residential Building 14. PMC 3.082381 6.662040 Residential Building 15. Oando oil 3.090001 6.660876 Residential Building 16. AP 3.093205 6.662054 Residential Building 17. Fatbol Global R. 3.095114 6.662956 Residential Building 18. The Big Solajark 3.100119 6.664709 Residential Building 19 DAB Oil 3.059639 6.668918 Residential Building 20 Rodent 3.105294 6.667087 Residential Building 21 Precious fee 3.104236 6.666271 Residential Building 22. Jimkemi 3.066933 6.666693 Commercial, Residential Building 23. TAS Oil 3.096065 6.663375 Religious Centre 24. Caxtonile 3.120123 6.674250 Residential Building 25. Conoil 3.122579 6.674506 Residential Building Forest 26. Poland 3.122743 6.674946 Commercial Building 27. Energy Oil 3.131630 6.677359 Residential Building, Forest 28. Mogga 3.132234 6.677998 Residential Building 29. Jolaco 3.136309 6.679276 Commercial Building 30 Kafayat (Iju) 3.141249 6.680469 Commercial Building Source: Authors’ Field Work, 2016

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Table 2. Inventory of petrol service stations by major road: Iju to Iyana Ota road

No Names Longitudes Latitudes Land use (E) (N) 1. Deigra 3.142825 6.681342 Residential Building, Commercial Building 2. JP Jonas 3.168339 6.682499 Residential Building, Commercial Building 3. YTK 3.171292 6.682882 Commercial Building 4. NNPC 3.173854 6.682421 Residential Building, Religious Centre 5. Kayfat 3.175849 6.683372 Residential Building, Commercial Building 6. Ayokunun 3.177908 6.683117 Commercial Building (Hotel) 7. Latbel 3.181123 6.682925 Residential Building, Commercial Building 8. Ratech 3.181635 6.681967 Residential Building 9. Oyenurax Oil 3.184708 6.681292 Residential Building, Commercial Building 10. King A Solomon 3.188087 6.682080 Residential Building, Commercial Building 11. Hobalat 3.189074 6.681654 Residential Area, Commercial Building 12. Conoil 3.191211 6.681803 Residential Area. 13. Energy 3.195527 6.682094 Residential Area, Commercial Building 14. Jomess 3.203144 6.682116 Commercial Building. 15. Progress 3.205295 6.682428 Residential Building Commercial Building 16. Mobil 3.207489 6.682130 Public Facility, Commercial Building. 17. NNPC 3.212152 6.683706 Residential Building, Commercial Building 18. Conoil 3.213217 6.683933 Residential Building, Commercial Building 19 Total 3.214360 6.684352 Residential Building Public Facility 20 SBN 3.216383 6.684586 Residential Building Religious Centre 21 Fowobi 3.220515 6.686126 Residential Building 22. SO 3.226112 6.688828 Residential Area, Commercial Building 23. Oando 3.226906 6.688966 Shopping Complex 24. K.A Petrolum 3.227763 6.689605 Residential Building, Commercial Building 25. Emimp 3.229722 6.694093 Residential Building, Commercial Building 26. NIPCO 3.230766 6.694823 Residential Building Commercial Building 27. NNPC 3.233811 6.697399 Commercial Building 28. Conoil 3.235302 6.697916 Residential Building Commercial Building 29. Soyendo 3.240615 6.702196 Residential Building Commercial Building 30 MRS 3.241494 6.704150 Residential Building Commercial Building 31 POOSAB 3.244437 6.696107 Residential Building Commercial Building 32 Under Construction 3.226643 6.689241 Residential Building Commercial Building. Source: Authors’ Field Work, 2016

Table 3. Inventory of petrol service stations by major road: Sango Ota junction to Abeokuta highway which boundary with residential and commercial building

No Names Longitudes (E) Latitudes (N) Land use 1. Conoil 3.243469 6.707223 Residential Area, Commercial Area 2. Total 3.244062 6.706933 Residential Area, Commercial Area 3. Under construction 3.248079 6.704074 Residential Area, Commercial Area 4. Bashy 3.248476 6.703755 Residential Area, Commercial Area 5. NNPC 3.249501 6.703701 Residential Area, Commercial Area 6. Ascon 3.251447 6.701950 Residential Area, Commercial Area 7. MRS 3.251943 6.700389 Residential Area, Commercial Area 8. Fargbemi 3.252659 6.700531 Residential Area, Commercial Area 9. Ascon 3.254640 6.698462 Residential Area, 10. Kaykay 3.254513 6.696858 Commercial Area 11. NNPC 3.254827 6.695749 Commercial Area 12. Jimkemi 3.255190 6.694989 Commercial Area 13. First Roval 3.256779 6.693660 Residential Area, Public Facility 14. Toll Gate 3.256627 6.693012 Commercial Area 15. MRS 3.258231 6.692139 Residential Area, Commercial Area 16. NNPC 3.258770 3.258770 Commercial Area, Forest 17. Oando Oil 3.257927 6.691198 Residential Area, Commercial Area Source: Authors’ Field Work, 2016

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3.2 Spatial Pattern of Existing Petrol the criteria requirement for the running of the Service Station nearest neighbor analysis (NNA) for the spatial pattern of petrol service stations in each region. Global position system device was used to This analysis revealed three major spatial capture the spatial locations of the existing petrol distributions. The spatial pattern in Iju to Iyana service station. These spatial locations were later showed nearest neighbor ratio of 1.928377. This exported into the ArcGIS environment. Fig. 2 to implies that the distribution is a dispersed pattern Fig. 5 represents the spatial locations of existing (see Fig. 6a). The, Iyana to Ojuore also showed petrol service station in the study area. dispersed pattern with a nearest neighbor ratio of 0.957973 (see Fig. 6b), Abeokuta highway 3.3 Analysis of Spatial Distribution of showed random pattern with a nearest neighbour ratio of 0.670344 (see Fig. 6c), while Sango Ota Petrol Service Station Using Nearest showed clustered pattern (see Fig. 6d). Neighbour Analysis Several factors determined location and Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) was used to distribution pattern of petrol service station in an identify the spatial pattern of petrol service area. These factors are considered as the stations in the study area. The Average Nearest cardinal guides in sitting petrol service station in Neighbor Analysis (ANNA) and Manhattan geographic space, such as; High power tension, distance method were also adopted to ascertain commercial/industries, motor garage, public the spatial distribution of petrol service stations. facility, residential area, highway and services, The coordinates of petrol service stations were all of which are rotated around the urban area. entered into excel sheet. The excel sheet were According to [8], he said petrol service station exported into GIS environment for conversion (point) must be distributed rationally according to into point layer. This point layer shapefile was the size, distance of 50meters (to the residential used as input in the nearest neighbor analysis. area, public facility, commercial/industries) and The area square kilometer which all the petrol population to be served. But this is not the case service station occupy was also used as input in in the study area.

Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of existing petrol service station in Iju to Iyana Ota roads

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Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of existing petrol service station in Iyana Ota to Ojuore roads

Fig. 4. Spatial distribution of existing petrol service station fire service station in Sango Ota Junction to Toll gate roads

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Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of existing petrol service station in Abeokuta expresses way roads

Fig. 6a. NNA of petrol service stations in Iju to Iyana road

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Ogunyemi et al.; ARJASS, 2(1): 1-11, 2017; Article no.ARJASS.30048

Fig. 6b. NNA of petrol service stations in Iyana to Ojuore road

Fig. 6c. NNA of petrol service stations in Abeokuta express road

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Fig. 6d. NNA of petrol service stations in Sango Ota road

Table 4. Inventory of petrol service stations by major road: Ojuore to Lagos toll gate highway which share boundary with residential and commercial building

No Names Longitudes (E) Latitudes (N) Land use 1. Nisi oil 3.253527 6.691786 Residential Area, Commercial Area 2. NNPC 3.252056 6.692296 Residential Area, Commercial Area 3. ORJ 3.249844 6.691551 Residential Area, Commercial Area 4. Under construction 3.248200 6.691443 Residential Area, Commercial Area 5. Vitality 3.241883 6.691325 Residential Area, Commercial Area 6. Conoil 3.240981 6.691845 Residential Area, Commercial Area 7. NNPC 3.228209 6.688490 Residential Area, Commercial Area Source: Authors’ Field Work, 2016

The implication of the pattern observed in the Hence, indiscriminate locations of petrol service study area is that: A clustered pattern has higher station. concentration of petrol service station which may result to the problem like traffic 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA- congestion, pollution, fire and explosion and TION these great numbers of petrol service stations competing with residential buildings. Dispersed A lot of hazards have been caused by pattern has scatter petrol service station in the indiscriminate location of service station in the region while the last region has no pattern study area. However, people still continue in (random pattern). An urban planner faces establishing petrol service station without challenges of location of facilities and services bothering about the standard set by the which, as a result, exposes our urban populace government agencies concerned with landuse to some dangers. Since road transport remains a planning and environmental monitoring. Many of common mode of transportation in the study the petrol service stations in the study area number of vehicle increases on daily basis, this deviate significantly from environmental and land translates to higher consumption of petrol. use planning law.

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Therefore the following recommendation are stations in metropolitan Kano against the given to guide the operation of marketers: Physical Planning Standards. American Petroleum (Fuel) products are known to be highly Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) inflammable [9], as such proper handling of the 2014;3(9):147-158. product from exploration [10] storage, Available:www.ajer.org transportation, and distribution should adhere e-ISSN: 2320-0847 strictly to global best practices [11]. Besides, p-ISSN : 2320-0936 location of petrol service station, despite its 6. Afolabi OT, Olajide FO, Omotayo SK. importance to the economy, is expected to be Assessment of safety practices in filling guided by a definite environmental law. National stations in Ile – Ife, South Western Nigeria. Environmental Standards and Regulations Journal of Community Medicine and Enforcement Agency, (NESREA), should ensure Primary Health care. 2011;23(2). those petrol service stations are erected in line 7. National Population Commission (NPC) with town planning regulation for sustainable 2006 National Population and Housing development. Census; 2006.

COMPETING INTERESTS 8. Christaller W. Central places in Southern Germany. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs;

1966. Authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 9. Oloko-Oba OM, Ogunyemi SA, Alaga AT, Badru RA, Ogbole JO, Popoola OS, REFERENCES Samson AS. Spatial distribution of primary schools in Ilorin West Local Government

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© 2017 Ogunyemi et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Peer-review history: The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/17439

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