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Tucuruí Hydropower Complex Brazil WCD Case Study Tucuruí Hydropower Complex Brazil Final Report: November 2000 Prepared for the World Commission on Dams (WCD) by: La Rovere, E.L. Mendes, F.E. World Commission on Dams Secretariat P.O. Box 16002, Vlaeberg, Cape Town 8018, South Africa Phone: 27 21 426 4000 Fax: 27 21 426 0036. Website: http://www.dams.org E-mail: [email protected] Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil i Disclaimer This is a working paper of the World Commission on Dams - the report published herein was prepared for the Commission as part of its information gathering activity. The views, conclusions, and recommendations are not intended to represent the views of the Commission. The Commission's views, conclusions, and recommendations will be set forth in the Commission's own report. Please cite this report as follows: La Rovere, E.L. and Mendes, F.E. 2000. Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil, A WCD case study prepared as an input to the World Commission on Dams, Cape Town, www.dams.org The WCD Knowledge Base This report is one component of the World Commission on Dams knowledge base from which the WCD drew to finalize its report “Dams and Development-A New Framework for Decision Making”. The knowledge base consists of seven case studies, two country studies, one briefing paper, seventeen thematic reviews of five sectors, a cross check survey of 125 dams, four regional consultations and nearly 1000 topic-related submissions. All the reports listed below, are available on CD-ROM or can be downloaded from www.dams.org Case Studies (Focal Dams) Country Studies Briefing Paper • Grand Coulee Dam, Columbia River Basin, USA • India • Russia and NIS • Tarbela Dam, Indus River Basin, Pakistan • China countries • Aslantas Dam, Ceyhan River Basin, Turkey • Kariba Dam, Zambezi River, Zambia/Zimbabwe • Tucurui Dam, Tocantins River, Brazil • Pak Mun Dam, Mun-Mekong River Basin, Thailand • Glomma and Laagen Basin, Norway • Pilot Study of the Gariep and Van der Kloof dams- Orange River South Africa Thematic Reviews • TR I.1: Social Impact of Large Dams: Equity and • TR IV.1: Electricity Supply and Demand Distributional Issues Management Options • TR I.2: Dams, Indigenous People and Vulnerable • TR IV.2: Irrigation Options Ethnic Minorities • TR IV.3: Water Supply Options • TR I.3: Displacement, Resettlement, • TR IV.4: Flood Control and Management Options Rehabilitation, Reparation and • TR IV.5: Operation, Monitoring and Development Decommissioning of Dams • TR II.1: Dams, Ecosystem Functions and • TR V.1: Planning Approaches Environmental Restoration • TR V.2: Environmental and Social Assessment for • TR II.2: Dams and Global Change Large Dams • TR V.3: River Basins – Institutional Frameworks • TR III.1: Economic, Financial and Distributional and Management Options Analysis • TR V.4: Regulation, Compliance and • TR III.2: International Trends in Project Financing Implementation • TR V.5: Participation, Negotiation and Conflict Management: Large Dam Projects Regional Consultations – Hanoi, Colombo, Sao Paulo and Cairo Cross-check Survey of 125 dams This is a working paper prepared for the World Commission on Dams as part of its information gathering activities. The views, conclusions, and recommendations contained in the working paper are not to be taken to represent the views of the Commission Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil ii Acknowledgements The Research Team would like to acknowledge the collaboration of: • Elisabeth Monosowski (WCD) and Márcia Gomes Ismerio for their collaboration in the Scoping Phase of this Study; • Bruce Aylward, Medha Patkar, Thayer Scudder, Jan Weltrop, Achim Steiner, Sanjeev Khagram, Manrique Rojas, Jamie Skinner, and Saule Ospanova from WCD; • Patrick McCully from IRN for comments on draft versions of the paper and executive summary; • The members of the Coordinating Group Osmar Vieira Filho (Eletronorte), Marcos V. Freitas (ANEEL), Raimundo Nonato do C. Silva (CEAP), Sadi Baron (MAB) and Henri Acserald (IPPUR/UFRJ); • The Technical Staff of Eletronorte, CEAP, ANEEL and other institutions for their kind data and information supply; • Prof. Jean Remy D. Guimarães, (Inst. Biofísica, UFRJ); • The participants of the Consultative Group meetings at Belém and Tucuruí; • Many people who sent written submissions and comments both to the Research Team and the WCD; • All people interviewed during fieldwork; and • Staff members of LIMA/COPPE/UFRJ, particularly our secretary Sandra Bernardo dos Reis. This case study was supported by the partnership agreement between United Nations Foundation, UNEP and the World Commission on Dams. This is a working paper prepared for the World Commission on Dams as part of its information gathering activities. The views, conclusions, and recommendations contained in the working paper are not to be taken to represent the views of the Commission Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil iii Financial and in-kind Contributors: Financial and in-kind support for the WCD process was received from 54 contributors including governments, international agencies, the private sector, NGOs and various foundations. According to the mandate of the Commission, all funds received were‘untied’-i.e. these funds were provided with no conditions attached to them. • ABB • Skanska • ADB - Asian Development Bank • SNC Lavalin • AID - Assistance for India's Development • South Africa - Ministry of Water Affairs and • Atlas Copco Forestry • Australia - AusAID • Statkraft • Berne Declaration • Sweden - Sida • British Dam Society • IADB - Inter-American Development Bank • Canada - CIDA • Ireland - Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Carnegie Foundation • IUCN - The World Conservation Union • Coyne et Bellier • Japan - Ministry of Foreign Affairs • C.S. Mott Foundation • KfW - Kredietanstalt für Wiederaufbau • Denmark - Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Lahmeyer International • EDF - Electricité de France • Lotek Engineering • Engevix • Manitoba Hydro • ENRON International • National Wildlife Federation, USA • Finland - Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Norplan • Germany - BMZ: Federal Ministry for Economic • Norway - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Co-operation • Switzerland - SDC • Goldman Environmental Foundation • The Netherlands - Ministry of Foreign Affairs • GTZ - Deutsche Geschellschaft für Technische • The World Bank Zusammenarbeit • Tractebel Engineering • Halcrow Water • United Kingdom - DFID • Harza Engineering • UNEP - United Nations Environment • Hydro Quebec Programme • Novib • United Nations Foundation • David and Lucille Packard Foundation • USA Bureau of Reclamation • Paul Rizzo and Associates • Voith Siemens • People's Republic of China • Worley International • Rockefeller Brothers Foundation • WWF International This is a working paper prepared for the World Commission on Dams as part of its information gathering activities. The views, conclusions, and recommendations contained in the working paper are not to be taken to represent the views of the Commission Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil iv Study Team Coordinators: Prof. Emilio Lèbre La Rovere (Overall Coordination), LIMA/COPPE/UFRJ Dr. Francisco Eduardo Mendes (Executive Coordination), LIMA/COPPE/UFRJ Research Team: Prof. Emilio Lèbre La Rovere, D.Sc. (Environmental and Energy Planning, GHG Emissions) Dr. Francisco Eduardo Mendes, M.Sc. (Environmental and Economic Planning) Profª Maria das Graças da Silva, M.Sc. (Regional Planning) Profª Rosa Acevedo Marin, D.Sc. (Social Issues) Prof. Oscar de Moraes Cordeiro Netto, Ph.D. (Management, Technical and Economic Issues) Profª Bertha Becker, Ph.D. (Social Issues) Dr. Eneas Salati, Ph.D. (Ecological Issues) Dr. Gilberto Canali, Ph.D. (Technical and Economic Issues) Eng. Paulo Diniz, B.Sc. (GHG Emissions and Technical Issues) Profª Sylvia Helena Padilha, M.Sc. (Social Issues) Consultants: Dr. José Alexandre Fortes (Water Quality) Dr. Sandra Macedo (Social Issues) Dr. Ana Lacorte (Basin-Wide Impacts) Prof. Rosa Carmina Couto (Health Issues) Prof. Efrem Ferreira (Ichityofauna) Prof. Maria Nazareth da Silva (Fauna) Prof. Wilfrem Tadei (Vectors) Dr. Renato Leme Lopes (Decision Making Process) Dr. Iara Ferraz (Native Americans) Dr. Lúcio Flávio Pinto (Wood Extraction) Trainee Adriana Neves Luna LIMA/COPPE/UFRJ Interdisciplinary Environmental Sciences Laboratory Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Meio Ambiente Energy Planning Programme Programa de Planejamento Energético Institute for Research and Postgraduate Studies of Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação de Engenharia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil Tel.: (55-21) 560-8995 Fax : (55-21) 290-6626 e-mail: [email protected] This is a working paper prepared for the World Commission on Dams as part of its information gathering activities. The views, conclusions, and recommendations contained in the working paper are not to be taken to represent the views of the Commission Tucuruí Hydropower Complex, Brazil v Executive Summary This study is one of eight case studies being undertaken world-wide with a common methodology and approach to inform the World Commission on Dams on the subject of the development effectiveness of large dams. The Tucuruí Hydropower Complex is situated on the lower Tocantins River within the Tocantins-Araguaia River Basin adjacent to the Amazon basin in northeastern Brazil. The project was designed to be constructed in two phases, Phase I construction was started on November 24, 1975 and completed November 10, 1984, and the construction on Phase II began in June 1998 with the first turbine scheduled
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