ISRMTT NEWS LETTER

Indian Society of Rock Mech anics and Tunnelling Technology

Quarterly Issue: July - 2020

President’s Message Executive Committee of ISRMTT

President:

Sh. R. K. Gupta Immediate Past President: CMD, WAPCOS & NPCC Sh. R.K. Gupta, CMD, WAPCOS Ltd Dear Members, Vice President (1): Conceptualised and formed in 1992, ISRMTT completed its Silver Sh. A.B. Pandya, CWC Jubilee in 2017. ISRMTT recognises the initiative, support and contribution of its founder members in building this society from a Vice President (2): handful of members to present status of about 2200. The list is too Dr. R.K. Gupta, CWC long, but I would like to mention the untiring efforts of members of Dr. V.M. Sharma, Dr. A.K. Dhawanand Dr.Rajbal Singhwhoinitiated Honorary Secretary: the formation of ISRMTT. The society also started a Bi-annual Mr. A. K. Mishra, MHPA ISRMTT Journal of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology (JRMTT) in 1993 and it has also travelled its journey of 25 years. The credit of Treasurer: success of the journal without any interruption goes to the Chief Mr. Amit Gupta, WAPCOS Editor, Dr. Bhawani Singh, supported by Dr.SubhashMitra and Dr. R.K. Goel. All the volumes of the journal are available online at Dr. Members: D.V. Sarwade, CSMRS NEWS LETTERwww.isrmtt.com without any fee. ISRMTT organises its Mega event

Indian Society of Rock Mechanicsnamed INDOROCK once in two years and 8 conferences have been

and Tunnelling Technology organised so far. 1. Dr. V. M. Sharma, AIMIL Ltd. ISRMTT also honours with Lifetime Achievement Award, Outstanding Contribution to Rock Mechanics and Excellence 2. Dr. A.K. Dhawan, DRIP Performance Awards for contribution of eminent personalities for 3. Mr. S.B. Suri, AECS meritorious work in the field of rock mechanics and tunnelling technology and efforts in bringing the society visible. Awards 4. Mr. Anupam Mishra, WAPCOS Committee selects the best papers published in ISRMTT events and

journal for cash awards also. 5. Mr. C.S. Khokhar, AECOM ISRMTT News Letter was started long back but unfortunately, its 6. Prof. Mahendra Singh, continuity could not be maintained. Now, ISRMTT News Letter is IIT, Roorkee being initiated with new energy and hope, we will continue the same. We seek support from one and all in this endeavour. 7. Dr.Rajbal Singh, WAPCOS Members can contribute short articles, news of breakthroughs in the field of tunnelling, information about the forthcoming technical 8. Mr. Rajeev Kumar, CSMRS

events etc. 9. Mr. Hari Dev, CSMRS INDOROCK-2020 was planned at IIT Roorkee to commemorate 25 years of JRMTT for which the initial preparations were already 10.Mr. Chandan Kumar, started. However, due to outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and Geoconsult IndiaPvt Ltd. restrictions, the event has been postponed to 2021.

Online WEBINARS by eminent experts have been planned during 11.Dr. R.K. Goel, CIMFR (Retd.)

Quarterly Issue: July - 2020 this period for sharing of experiences and knowledge. 12.Mr. Sanjeev Garg, IGS Because of the COVID-19, printing of ISRMTT publication Journal of Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology, January Issue of 2020 was printed in June, 2020. Dispatch of the same to ******** Institutional Members is in process. We hope to publish the July issue on time and circulated. 1 President’s Message Executive Committee of ISRMTT President: Sh. R.K. Gupta, CMD, WAPCOS Ltd

Immediate Past President: Sh. A.B. Pandya, CWC

Sh. R. K. Gupta Vice President (1): CMD, WAPCOS & NPCC Dear Members, Dr. R.K. Gupta, CWC

Conceptualised and formed in 1992, ISRMTT completed its Silver Jubilee Vice President (2): in 2017. ISRMTT recognises the initiative, support and contribution of its founder members in building this society from a handful of members Mr. A. K. Mishra, MHPA to present status of about 2200. The list is too long, but I would like to mention the untiring efforts of members of Dr. V.M. Sharma, Dr. A.K. Dhawan and Dr. Rajbal Singh who initiated the formation of ISRMTT. Honorary Secretary: The society also started a Bi-annual Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mr. Amit Gupta, WAPCOS Tunnelling Technology (JRMTT) in 1993 and it has also travelled its journey of 25 years. The credit of success of the journal without any interruption goes to the Chief Editor, Dr. Bhawani Singh, supported by Dr. Subhash Mitra and Dr. R. K. Goel. All the volumes of the journal are Treasurer: available online at www.isrmtt.com without any fee. ISRMTT organises Dr. D.V. Sarwade, CSMRS its Mega event named INDOROCK once in two years and 8 conferences have been organised so far. ISRMTT also honours with Lifetime Achievement Award, Outstanding Members: Contribution to Rock Mechanics and Excellence Performance Awards 1. Dr. V. M. Sharma, AIMIL Ltd. for contribution of eminent personalities for meritorious work in the field of rock mechanics and tunnelling technology and efforts in bringing the 2. Dr. A.K. Dhawan, DRIP society visible. Awards Committee selects the best papers published in 3. Mr. S.B. Suri, AECS ISRMTT events and journal for cash awards also. ISRMTT News Letter was started long back but unfortunately, its 4. Mr. Anupam Mishra, WAPCOS continuity could not be maintained. Now, ISRMTT News Letter is being 5. Mr. C.S. Khokhar, AECOM initiated with new energy and hope, we will continue the same. We seek support from one and all in this endeavour. Members can contribute short 6. Prof. Mahendra Singh, IIT, Roorkee articles, news of breakthroughs in the field of tunnelling, information 7. Dr. Rajbal Singh, WAPCOS about the forthcoming technical events etc. 8. Mr. Rajeev Kumar, CSMRS INDOROCK-2020 was planned at IIT Roorkee to commemorate 25 years of JRMTT for which the initial preparations were already started. 9. Mr. Hari Dev, CSMRS However, due to outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions, the 10. Mr. Chandan Kumar, event has been postponed to 2021. Online WEBINARS by eminent experts have been planned during this Geoconsult India Pvt. Ltd. period for sharing of experiences and knowledge. 11. Dr. R.K. Goel, CIMFR (Retd.) Because of the COVID-19, printing of ISRMTT publication Journal of 12. Mr. Sanjeev Garg, IGS Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology, January Issue of 2020 was printed in June, 2020. Dispatch of the same to Institutional Members is in process. We hope to publish the July issue on time and circulated. ISRMTT News Letter July 2020

SHORT ARTICLE

Steel Lining for Hydro Tunnels – Design and QC Requirements ISRMTT News Letter July 2020

Hari Dev, CSMRS SHORT ARTICLE Hydro power tunnels are normally pressure tunnels except tail race tunnels in case of impulse turbines. Therefore, theseSteel water Lining conveyance for Hydro Tunnelstunnels –do Design need liningand QC to Requirements cater to the internal and external loads. Depending upon the loads due to static and dynamic heads, the lining is designed Hydro power tunnels are normally pressure tunnels except tail race tunnels in case of and implemented. Water conveyance system in hydropower projects comprise head race tunnel, surge shaft, pressureimpulse penstocks turbines. and Therefore, tail race these tunnel. water conveyance Pressure shaftstunnels doand need penstocks lining to cater have to theto bear the internal and external loads. Depending upon the loads due to static and dynamic heads, high Hari internalDev, CSMRS water pressure. Apart from the internal water pressure, choice of liners depends on the magnitude of in-situthe liningstresses is designed and andgeological implemented. formation. Water conveyance Weak systemrocks inmay hydropower require projects steel lining comprisewhereas head competent race tunnel, rocks surge shaft,may pressurenot require penstocks any and lining tail race at tunnel.all. In Pressure hydro shaftspower and tunnels, penstocks lining is haverequired to bear tothe bearhigh internalthe external/internal water pressure. Apart loads from apartthe internal from water preventing pressure, choicethe head of liners losses depends on accounton of thefriction. magnitude Tunnels of in-situ passing stresses throughand geological low formation.rock covers Weak may rocks require may require steel steel lining lining to whereas bear thecompetent internal water rockspressure. may not A require part anyof thelining head at all. race In hydro tunnel power in tunnels, NathpaJhakri lining is required Project to bearcrossing the external/internal MangladKhad loads area was apartprovided from preventing with steel the headlining. losses The on accountlining ofin friction.water Tunnelsconveyance passing systemthrough lowmay rock be covers plain may cement require concrete steel(PCC) lining or to bearreinforced the internal cement water pressure. concrete A part(RCC) of the or head steel race lining tunnel independing NathpaJhakri on Project the design crossing requirements. Man- gladKhadLining areashould was providedbe provided with steel after lining. the Thedeformations lining in water have conveyance stabilized. system may be plain cement concrete (PCC) or reinforced cement concrete (RCC) or steel lining depending on the design requirements. Lining should be As a thumb rule, at no point in the water conveyance system, the internal water pressure should be provided after the deformations have stabilized. greater than the minimum stress in rock. In other words, the choice and design of lining system is As a thumb rule, at no point in the water conveyance system, the internal water pressure should be greater than the primarily related to the vertical/lateral rock cover (Norwegian Criteria – Fig. 1). The design minimum stress in rock. In other words, the choice and design of lining system is primarily related to the vertical/lat- requirements are given in equations 1 and 2. Failure of concrete lining in head race tunnel of Kopili eral rock cover (Norwegian Criteria – Fig. 1). The design requirements are given in equations 1 and 2. Failure of con- hydro project is a learning lesson for the hydro fraternity (Fig. 2). Therefore, the selection of creteappropriate lining in head lining race tunnelplays of a Kopili key hydrorole inproject safety is a oflearning the structurelesson for theand hydro surrounding fraternity (Fig. environment. 2). Therefore, Though thelooks selection simple, of appropriate concrete lining lining plays itse a keylf rolerequires in safety specialized of the structure machinery, and surrounding suitable environment. construction Though materials looksand simple, expertise. concrete lining itself requires specialized machinery, suitable construction materials and expertise.

(Eq. 1) ������ h>��������� (Eq. 2) ������ ��������� SteelL> lining requires Ferrule Workshop setup for fabrication as well as for facilitating the quality tests. Application of heatSteel before, lining during requires and after Ferrule welding Workshopis done to avoid setup cold forcracking; fabrication minimize as shrinkage well as and for distortion; facilitating increase the quality toughnesstests. Application of weld joint andof heatreduce before, residual during stresses. and after welding is done to avoid cold cracking; minimize shrinkage and distortion; increase toughness of weld joint and reduce residual stresses.

The thickness of the steel liners is varied in accordance with the variation in internal water pressure and external stresses.The thickness Since, the ofliners the are steel subjected liners to is abrasion varied under in accordance high velocity andwith silt the laden variation water; the in inner internal surfaces water need pressure toand be painted external with stresses.abrasion resistant Since, epoxy the linerspaint. Apart are fromsubjec theted fabrication to abrasion and erection, under testing high of velocity these liners and also silt laden requirewater; utmost the attention.inner surfaces Quality of need liners tohas be to bepainted maintained with starting abrasion with the resistant raw materials, epoxy fabricated paint. piecesApart in from the thefabrication workshop and and field erection, testing of alltesting the welds of theseincluding liners joints also and grout require plugs. utmost Hydrostatic attention. testing ofQuality all the fabricated of liners has to be maintained starting with the raw materials, fabricated pieces in the workshop and field testing of all the welds including joints and grout plugs. Hydrostatic testing of all the fabricated units is

2 3 ISRMTT News Letter July 2020 ISRMTT News Letter July 2020 ISRMTTunits is mandatory. News Letter Manifolds or the Y-pieces need special attention as these are subjected to maximum pressureJuly 2020 mandatory. Manifolds or the Y-pieces need special attention as these are subjected to maximum and cumbersome field weld joints. mandatory.pressure Manifolds and cumbersome or the Y-pieces field weld need joints. spec ial attention as these are subjected to maximum pressure and cumbersome field weld joints.

Fig.Fig. 1: 1: Norwegian Norwegian criteria for for minimum minimum Fig. Fig.2: Failure 2: Failure of of RCC RCC LiningLining inin Kopili rock cover Kopili Project Fig. 1: Norwegian criteriarock cover for minimum Fig. 2: Failure of RCCProject Lining in Kopili rock cover Project Apart from tests for tensile properties and chemical composition of the steel plates, quality checks ApartApart fromfrom tests tests for for tensile tensile properties properties and chemicaland chemical composition composition of the steel of plates,the steel quality plates, checks quality on fabricated checks on fabricated pieces like dye penetration test; radiographic examination of all the longitudinal and onpieces fabricated like dye penetrationpieces like test; dye radiographic penetration examination test; radi ofographic all the longitudinal examination and circumferential of all the longitudinal joints; hydrostatic and circumferential joints; hydrostatic testing, magnetic particle and ultrasonic test for welding of circumferentialtesting, magnetic particlejoints; and hydrostatic ultrasonic test testing, for welding magnetic of stiffeners particle are the and basic ultrasonic requirements. test Plugs for ofwelding grout holes of stiffeners are the basic requirements. Plugs of grout holes through the liners being the critical part stiffenersthrough the are liners the being basic the requirements. critical part needs Plugs special of attention.grout holes Even through transportation the liners of the beingpipes tothe the critical site, placing part needs special attention. Even transportation of the pipes to the site, placing and backfilling also needsand backfilling special also attention. needs careful Even intervention transportation to avoid of damages. the pipes All tothe thefabricated site, placingpieces as and well backfillingas the grout plugsalso needs careful intervention to avoid damages. All the fabricated pieces as well as the grout plugs needshave to carefulpass through intervention 100 % quality to avoid checks. damages. Strain measurements All the fabricated during hydrostatic pieces testingas well of penstockas the grout bifurcations plugs have to pass through 100 % quality checks. Strain measurements during hydrostatic testing of haveto the desiredto pass stress through level should100 % be qualitydone to ascertainchecks. theStrain integrity measurements of the liners under during static hydrostatic and dynamic head.testing Mea of- penstockpenstock bifurcations bifurcations to the to desired the desired stress stress level shoullevel dshoul be doned be todone ascertain to ascertain the integrity the integrity of the liners of the liners sured strains can be used to calculate the actual stresses on the liners and can be compared with the corresponding underunder static static and dynamicand dynamic head. head. Measured Measured strains strains can be can used be toused calculate to calculate the actual the stressesactual stresses on the on the theoretical values. Steel lining with stiffeners and comparison of measured and theoretical hoop stress for hydrostat- linersliners and andcan becan compared be compared with withthe corresponding the corresponding theoretical theoretical values. values. Steel liningSteel withlining stiffeners with stiffeners andic testing andcomparison ofcomparison penstock of bifurcations measuredof measured at Talaand Projecttheoreticaland intheoretical Bhutan hoop are givenhoopstress in stressFigsfor 3hydrostatic andfor 4, hydrostaticrespectively. testing testingof penstock of penstock bifurcationsbifurcations at Tala at TalaProject Project in Bhutan in Bhutan are given are given in Figs in 3 Figs and 34, andrespectively. 4, respectively.

Fig 3: Steel Liners for Penstocks Fig. 4: Theoretical Stress vs with Stiffeners measured stress

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NEW MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY We are happy to welcome all the new members to the family of Indian Society for Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology (ISRMTT).

LM No. Name of Member RMTT RMTT 2230 Mr. Fhani Kumar Kamaraju Geo Technical Services, Secunderabad (AP) 2019 2231 Mr. Reyaz Ahamed COWI Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon 2019 2232 Mr. Bhartendu Tiwari AIMIL Ltd 2019 2234 Mr. Adapa Murali Krishna IIT, Guwahati 2019 2235 Mr. Arul. S WAPCOS Ltd 2019 2236 Mr. Sandeep Bhardwaj CCS Haryana Agricultural University 2019 2237 Mr. D.V. Raghu Ram - 2019 2238 Mr. Sujit Kumar ERA Infra Engineering Ltd 2019 2239 Mr. Suvrajit Dash M/s MECON Ltd, Ranchi 2019 2240 Mr. Vijay Kumar MNNIT, Allahabad 2019 2241 Dr. Bineshian. H Amberg Engineering 2019 2242 Mr. Narendra Singh Rana L & T Construction 2019 2243 Mr. Vinayak Koundanya WAPCOS Ltd 2019 2244 Mr. Mahendra N. Nilawar MNEC Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur 2019 2245 Dr. Vinay Kumar Pandey - 2019 2246 Mr. Nitin Narasinh Prabhune - 2019 2247 Ms. Nirali Bhaskar Hasilkar Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2248 Ms. Bhavini Vandit Desai Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2249 Ms. Mayuri Nirav Makwana Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2250 Ms. Komal Ketan Dave Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2251 Mr. Mayur Dineshbhai Patel Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2252 Dr. L.S. Thakur Babaria Institute of Technology 2020 2253 Mr. Avik Kumar Mandal LEA Associates, South Asia Pvt. Ltd. 2020 2254 Mr. Kailash Chand Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. 2020 2255 Mr. Mohammad Zaid Aligarh Muslim University 2020 2256 Mr. Kiran Kumar Gadi AAREE Associates 2020 2257 Mr. S. Ravinder NGRI, Hyderabad 2020 2258 Mr. Sourav Kumar Agarwal AECOM India Pvt. Ltd. 2020 2259 Mr. Dibyajyoti Singh DMR Hydroengineering and Infrastructure Ltd. 2020

5 ISRMTT News Letter July 2020

FORTHCOMING EVENTS IN ROCK MECHANICS AND TUNNELLING FIELD

Forthcoming Events: International EUROCK 2020 - Hard Rock Excavation and Support - the 2020 ISRM International Symposium, Norway, 12-14th October, 2020 26th World Congress on Advanced Materials, Japan, 22-23rd October, 2020 GEO-EXPO 2020 Scientific and Expert Conference - Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 22-23rd October, 2020 The 4th International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-4), Australia, 26-28th October, 2020 5th Symposium of the Macedonian Association for Geotechnics - an ISRM Specialized Conference, Macedonia, 29- 31st October, 2020 CouFrac2020: the 2nd International Conference on Coupled Processes in Fractured Geological Media: Observation, Modeling, and Application, Korea, 11-13th November, 2020 SBMR2020 - 9th Brazilian Rock Mechanics Symposium - an ISRM Specialized Conference, Brazil, 27-30th April, 2021 EUROCK 2021 - Mechanics and Rock Engineering from Theory to Practice - the 2021 ISRM International Symposium, Italy, 21-25th June, 2021 5th International Workshop on Rock Mechanics and Engineering Geology in Volcanic Fields - an ISRM Specialized Conference, Japan, 9-11th September, 2021 LARMS 2022 - IX Latin American Congress on Rock Mechanics, Rock Testing and Site Characterization - an ISRM Regional Symposium, Paraguay, 15-18th May, 2022 EUROCK 2022 - Rock and Fracture Mechanics in Rock Engineering and Mining - an ISRM Regional Symposium, Finland, 13-17th June, 2022 15th ISRM International Congress in Rock Mechanics, Austria, 9-14th October, 2023

National Indian Geotechnical Conference 2020 at Visakhapatnam, 17-19th December 2020

JRMTT Contents, Vol.26, No.1, Jan, 2020 • Editorial on Entropy Management - Bhawani Singh • Modulus of Deformation and Shear Strength Parameters of Rock Material and Rock Mass in Underground Powerhouse - Rajbal Singh, Vivek Sharma and Sanjeev Kumar Garg • Cross Passage Construction Methods for Twin-Tube Tunnel Projects in Urban Areas - C.S.Khokhar, Vishal Bansal and Eshita Mishra • Stress - Deformation Properties of Rock Material and Rock Mass – An Overview - Hari Dev • Seismic Refraction Survey for High Rise Buildings – A Case Study - P. Senthil, Alex Varughese and Hari Dev

6 ISRMTT News Letter July 2020

INDOROCK-2019: 8th India Rock Conference ISRMTT News Letter July 2020 INDOROCK-2019: 8th Indian Rock Conference was organised by ISRMTT in association with Central Soil and th Materials INDOROCK-2019:Research Station and 8 IndiaWAPCOS Rock Ltd., Conference at India International Centre, New Delhi on 4-5th November 2019.

The conferenceINDOROCK-2019: was inaugurated 8th Indianby HE HansRock JacobConference Frydenlund, was organi Ambassadorsed by ofISRMTT Norway in to associationIndia. The conferencewith proceedingCentral included Soil 50 and papers Materials and moreResearch than Station150 delegates and WAPCOS participated Ltd., in at the India event. International The Conference Centre, Lecture New was Delhi on 4-5thNovember 2019. The conference was inaugurated by HE Hans Jacob Frydenlund, delivered Ambassadorby Dr. H.S. Vankatesh, of Norway Director, to India. National The conference Institute of proceeding Rock Mechanics included (NIRM), 50 papers 7 Keynote and more lectures than by 150 experts in variousdelegates fields, presentation participated of in 38 the papers event. in The9 technical Conference sessions. Lecture ISRMTT was delivered Awards wereby Dr. presented H.S. Vankatesh, to the eminent Director, National Institute of Rock Mechanics (NIRM), 7 Keynote lectures by experts in various personalitiesfields, having presentation notable contributionsof 38 papers inin the9 technica field of l Rocksessions. Mechanics ISRMTT and Awards Tunnelling were Technology presented tofor thethe year 2017 andeminent 2018. Authors personalities of 15 Besthaving Papers notable published contributions in ISRMTT in the events field andof Rock JRMTT Mechanics were also and awarded Tunnelling with Cash Technology for the year 2017 and 2018. Authors of 15 Best Papers published in ISRMTT events prizes andand Certificates. JRMTT were also awarded with Cash prizes and Certificates.

Lighting lamp by the Dignitaries during inauguration Release of Proceeding Volume

Life Time Achievement Award, 2017 – Dr.Rajbal Singh Life Time Achievement Award, 2018 – Dr. Gopal Dhawan

Outstanding Contribution to Rock Mechanics Award, 2017 Outstanding Contribution to Rock Mechanics Award, 2018 Ms. KanuPriya Sh. Hari Dev

6 7 ISRMTT News Letter July 2020

Excellence Performance Award, 2017 – Sh. Anupam Mishra Excellence Performance Award, 2018 – Dr. N.K. Samadhiya

Felicitation to the Founder Members of ISRMTT View of the Conference Hall

Request to Members Email contacts of old members Requestare not available to Members with the society, hence, it is requested to update email address and telephone contacts of members for better communication. List of ISRMTT members is availableEmail on contacts the website. of old For membersany query, are feel not free available to contact with us. the society, hence, it is requested to update email address and

telephone contacts of members for better communication. Sh. Amit Gupta Dr. D.V. Sarwade KailashHonorary Building, Secretary,List 5th of Floor, ISRMTT ISRMTT members is availableEditor on & theTreasurer, website. ISRMTT For any C/oK. G. WAPCOS Marg, New Limited, Delhi C/o Central Soil and Materials Research Station, Mobile: 7838302325query, feel free to contact us. Olof Palme Marg, HauzKhas, New Delhi-110016 Mobile: 8130676942

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Sh. Amit Gupta Dr. D.V. Sarwade Honorary Secretary, ISRMTT Editor & Treasurer, ISRMTT C/o WAPCOS Limited, C/o Central Soil and Materials Research Station, 7 Kailash Building, 5th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, HauzKhas, New Delhi-110016 K. G. Marg, New Delhi Mobile: 8130676942 Mobile: 7838302325