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UVA-Slavery Walking Tour Map 2020

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UVA-Slavery Walking Tour Map 2020 Uni vers ity A ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS ven Alderman LIbrary UVA Chapel ue 3 Henry Martin / Rt 2 at the University of Virginia 50B | 1 3 UVA Walking Tour According to oral history, Henry Martin was n C Enslaved African Americans at the University born at Monticello on July 4, 1826—the day Jefferson died. He was sold to the Carr family r 4 Hotel A at Jefferson’s estate sale in 1827 and until The University of Virginia utilized the labor of enslaved 5 1847 remained enslaved at a property in Mew Rotunda s Al African Americans from the earliest days of its Albemarle County. In 1847, Mr. Martin was ley Pavilion I 2 d 6 u a rented to Mrs. Dabney Carr, who ran a o R 1 construction in 1817 until the end of the American 7 k boarding house just north of the university. c Pavilion III i Pavilion II m r Civil War. Most of the University’s first enslaved Until the general emancipation in 1865, Martin hauled coal, delivered o C c wood, and worked as a domestic laborer at her boarding house. M o laborers were rented from local slave-owners and P In freedom, he took a job with the University as janitor and bell ringer, Pavilion IV worked alongside whites and free blacks in all the Pavilion V which he mentioned in an 1890 letter to College Topics , a student The Lawn T Downtown Mall tasks associated with constructing the Academical publication that was planning to report on his life story. He would > Pavilion VI Village. When the first students arrived in March 1825, go on to work at UVA for over 50 years. Martin routinely awoke at 8 4 a.m. to tend to his responsibilities. It was Martin who rang the bell 10 e enslaved African Americans worked in the pavilions, g Hotel E n to spread the alarm when the first wisps of smoke were spotted in a R t hotels, and the Rotunda; maintained classrooms, the Rotunda fire of 1895. “I was as true to that bell as to my God,” s g Pavilion VIII a E laboratories, and the library; and served the daily needs Martin said in a 1914 interview. He died in 1915 and is buried in the McG uff Pavilion IX Daughters of Zion Cemetery in Charlottesville. ad ey D Ro rive 9 of the students and faculty, especially in providing ick orm cC n cooking and cleaning services. This self-guided tour M Pavilion X e v i r 4 Anatomical Theater D i is an introduction to some of the significant people, l a t Hotel F i p places, and events that shaped the early history | | s ` 1 o H of African Americans at the University of Virginia. By 1824, Jefferson’s vision for the university k For further information see slavery.virginia.edu . included a tiered anatomical amphitheater for l observing dissections. The Board of Visitors approved Jefferson’s design for the building in Key early 1825. It opened in 1827 and would remain in use until the early twentieth century. a A separate student dissection lab nearby was Cabell Hall Site open to the public added within a few years. Nineteenth century Exterior viewing only, building not open to the public medical faculty and students commonly stole the corpses of recently buried African Americans from cemeteries for use in their classrooms. Historic location only By the late 1840s, the University was competing for cadavers with W ` other medical schools in the state. Professional grave robbers known Historic marker 1 as “Resurrectionists” were hired in Richmond, Alexandria, and Norfolk. P Parking These men primarily targeted African American burial sites to meet the University’s demand for dozens of cadavers per session. The University rented an enslaved man named Lewis from carpenter George Spooner Front cover: Sally Cottrell Cole was an enslaved maid and seamstress specifically to clean up after the cadaver experiments. On at least one who labored for Professor Thomas Hewitt Key in Pavilion VI (site 9) occasion, Lewis was forced to grave rob locally. Because of these between 1824 –1827. Professor Key arranged for her manumission duties, the University community referred to him as “Anatomical Lewis.” upon his departure from the University in 1827. Cole remained in During his time at UVA, Lewis lived in an outbuilding in Anatomy 11 50' 100' 500 feet Charlottesville until her death in 1873. professor John S. Davis’s Pavilion VII garden. Lewis, after decades toiling Back Cover: Henry Martin as the Anatomical Hall attendant, died in 1857. ENSLAVED AFRICAN AMERICANS 1 Rotunda and 5 Hotel A 8 Mrs. Gray’s Kitchen 10 Violence Against the Enslaved at the University of Virginia Bricks in the Academical Village ` Hotels are interspersed among the student Completed in 1830, this 1½ story Hotel E In the course of carrying out their responsibilities, enslaved people One of the most overlooked legacies of rooms on the East and West Ranges. They were ‘office’ with two rooms was known as Mrs. interacted with white students in spaces throughout the Academical enslaved labor are the bricks that cover the rented to Hotelkeepers, each of whom owned Gray’s kitchen. It served as both quarters and Village on a regular basis. Unsurprisingly, those daily interactions with r Academical Village. Enslaved workers dug or rented many enslaved people. The enslaved workspace for the enslaved. Mrs. Gray had students could and did turn violent. Students resorted to inflicting the clay, fired the bricks, hauled them to daily fresh water to the students, tended fires, the kitchen structure expanded in 1844, physical violence upon the bodies of free and enslaved laborers for a Grounds, and laid them to build this university. clean rooms and public spaces, and prepared adding an “apartment for the lodging of variety of often imagined “offences,” including insolence, impertinent u The brick-making began in 1817 with a the meals that were served to students in the servants.” Records document that a dozen language, or a perceived lack of attention to duties. Failure to change a team comprised largely of enslaved men, Hotels. In 1830, the Hotelkeeper here enslaved or more enslaved people resided at Hotel E. plate at the dinner table or presumed negligence in preparing a dormitory twelve people who may have lived in the basement and in garden room or changing bed linens could result in a violent interaction. but at least one woman and several children One was William, a young boy who worked as a dormitory and also worked in the brick yards. In 1823, outbuildings. The population of enslaved people in the Academical Enslaved individuals who did not speak to white students with respect o dining hall servant. In 1834, several students boarding with Village fluctuated between 90 and 150 or more annually in the decades and deference were also putting themselves at risk. The slave system Walking Tours of Grounds an enslaved man named Charles was Mrs. Gray complained that William was “impertinent” and that he before emancipation. University records document that students was upheld by both violence and the routine threat of violence. responsible for digging the clay and manning did not “attend well” at the rooms. Under pressure from the faculty, T resulted to physical violence against enslaved people regularly. one of the kilns with the help of six enslaved William was “withdrawn” from serving the student dormitories. At UVA, the enslaved endured beatings, whippings, and even sexual A set of thematically-driven walking boys rented out from John H. Cocke. In 1835, Mrs. Gray complained to the faculty that a student boarder assault. As one student explained in response to his attack upon an Enslaved men Dick, Lewis, Nelson, and tours, allow you explore the 6 The University Gardens had “struck her servant William in her presence” and that the enslaved child, “whenever a servant is insolent…he will take upon Sandy were also rented to the brickyard, student was rude. The student defended his behavior, stating that himself the right of punishing without the consent of the master” University of Virginia, including and worked long hours by the kiln. That Garden 3 g “he would do so [strike her servant] whenever it pleased him.” because “correction of a servant for impertinence…may be defended same year, as part of Rotunda construction, a tour focusing on the history of Faculty sided with the student in concluding that William was on the ground of necessity for maintaining due subordination.” free man of color Robert Battles hauled over 176,000 bricks and “highly offensive in manner, & impertinent in language to Mr. Harris A complaint against an enslaved person for an offense could lead to Over the decades, dozens of buildings— enslaved African Americans at UVA a few tons of sand to the University during a five-month stretch. & is habitually as in his conduct to others.” William was subsequently their removal from duties, or even from the University. Furthermore, even n smokehouse, kitchens, privies, woodsheds, and For his Herculean efforts, he was paid $170. Enslaved workers also removed from any attendance on the students. when students were judged by faculty to be at fault, their actions were through places, people, and events. enslaved living quarters—were added to these carved out the terrace levels on the lawn, creating the unique only reprimanded and very rarely led to any meaningful punishment. i landscape that you see today. Many of the enslaved were highly spaces. Enclosed by tall serpentine walls and • Available for iPhone, iPad, largely hidden from view, the garden work yards skilled at construction, carpentry, stone cutting, and blacksmithing.
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