English Final Examination 2012 / Written Part 21 May 2012

Cover Sheet Version B Instructions, Points & Markings

Name: ……………………………….…………………. First Name: …………………………………..………………….

Your exam consists of the following three parts: Total time: 120 minutes

A Reading Comprehension 40 points

B Grammar & Structures 44 points

C Writing 44 points

All parts are handed out at the beginning of the exam. Manage your timing well. You cannot use a dictionary or smartphone during the exam.

Points part A: ………/ 40

Points part B: ………/ 44

Points part C: ………/ 44

Total: ………/128

Final Mark: ………….

Good LuckLuck!!!!

P Millard/J Herzig

Part A: Reading Comprehension (40 points) Bright Ideas

by Sarah Boseley, health editor guardian.co.uk, Friday 28/9/2011 (adapted by hje/mip) (italic & bold words are translated in the glossary p.4)

Sometimes the simplest ideas are the best and most effective way of solving a problem, particularly for developing countries where money and resources can be scarce. Bright ideas often take the local conditions into consideration and work with local constraints .

5 One example of identifying a problem and finding a simple solution was the wind-up radio. Trevor Baylis got his inspiration in 1993 from watching a television programme about the spread of AIDS in Africa and that a way to halt the spread of the 10 disease would be by education and information using radio broadcasts. It brought home to him that what was needed was a radio that could work without batteries or electricity. He had realised that in many areas of Africa, people’s only means 15 of communication was the radio, but that batteries or electricity were either too expensive or too difficult to find. Before the programme had finished he had went to his workshop and assembled the first prototype of his most well-known invention, the wind-up radio: a clockwork radio that only needs winding up and plays while the spring is winding down. This award-winning solution was so simple and effective that it transformed 20 people’s lives.

The original prototype included a small transistor radio, an electric motor from a toy car, and the clockwork mechanism from a music box. He patented the idea and then tried to get it into production, but was met with rejection from everyone he approached.

The turning point came when his prototype was featured on the BBC TV programme Tomorrow's 25 World in April 1994. With money from investors he formed a company called Freeplay Energy and in 1996 the Freeplay radio was awarded the BBC Design Award for Best Product and Best Design. In the same year Baylis met Queen Elizabeth II and Nelson Mandela at a state banquet, and also travelled to Africa with the Dutch Television Service to produce a documentary about his life . He was awarded the 1996 World Vision Award for Development Initiative that year.

30 Baylis filed his first patent in 1992. 1997 saw the production in South Africa of the new generation Freeplay radio, a smaller lighter model designed for the Western consumer market with a running time of up to an hour on twenty seconds of winding. This radio has since been updated to include a solar panel so that it runs in sunshine without winding.

Numerous tours, interviews and television appearances have followed, and Baylis has been awarded 35 many honours including the OBE (Order of the British Empire) in 1997, and eleven honorary degrees from UK universities. He continues to invent, and in 2001 he completed a 100 mile walk across the Namib Desert demonstrating his electric shoes and raising money for the Mines Advisory Group. The "electric shoes" use piezoelectric contacts in the heels to charge a small battery that can be used to operate a radio transceiver or cellular telephone.

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40 Following his own experience of the difficulties faced by inventors, Baylis set up the Trevor Baylis Foundation to "promote the activity of Invention by encouraging and supporting Inventors and Engineers". This led to the formation of the company Trevor Baylis Brands PLC which provides inventors with professional partnership and services to enable them to establish the originality of their ideas, to patent or otherwise protect them, and to get their products to market . Their primary 45 goal is to secure license agreements for inventors, but they also consider starting up new companies around good ideas. The company is based in Richmond, London.

Another example of thinking ‘outside the box’ is Marc Koska’s self-destructing syringe . He was inspired by a 50 video of children and babies being injected with used needles, a highly dangerous practice. The problem was how to stop people reusing syringes. His innovative idea after many years of research was a design with a plunger which simply breaks if reused. This could help 55 save over a million deaths annually because of the reuse of syringes.

Fortunately, Tanzania has become the first country in the world to move exclusively to using syringes that self-destruct thanks to this British entrepreneur. Marc Koska, who was also a founder of a charity called SafePoint, went to the Tanzanian government with a video of a nurse injecting a man 60 who had HIV and syphilis – and then reusing the needle on a one-year-old baby! "I went to see the minister of health in Tanzania and showed her the film. She was so distressed and said: What are we talking about here? She said, 'What's the solution? Let's get on with it.' A meeting scheduled for 10 minutes went on for two hours. Then I knew I had made my breakthrough ," Koska told the Guardian.

Koska is now a man on a mission. He hopes to persuade four other countries in east Africa to follow 65 suit – Kenya, Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda – before he takes on the rest of the world.

The situation is worse than most people imagine . Some 1.3 million people die every year because of the reuse of syringes, according to the World Health Organisation. That's more than malaria kills, Koska points out. "This is not a mosquito-borne disease. This is man-made," he said.' There are 23 million transmissions of hepatitis, which cost £74 billion every year in medical and lost production 70 costs. In Africa, around 20 million injections contaminated with HIV are given every year. In the developing world, every syringe is used on average four times. That's Russian Roulette ,' he says, 'and disastrous '.

"The village quack has one syringe for 200 people," he said. "I've seen him take it out of his hair, use it and then stick it back in the roof of the hut where the insects are." The healthy start to life that 75 children are given is so easily undermined .

No vast sums are needed for this idea to be implemented. At 3 Pence (10Rp) each, syringes are very cheap to make. However, they are manufactured by a small number of big companies who charge a lot for them as they sell fewer syringes in the long run – because people get well.

Koska hopes to persuade families to demand safe injections from needles carrying a LifeSaver logo. In 80 Tanzania, health workers will ask people given such injections to send a free text to the health ministry. Health workers who get 500 text "votes" receive congratulations and a status-conveying badge. Koska tells of seeing parents asked to choose the needle to be used on their child from a tray of reused ones. If families understood the danger, they would insist on a new one, Koska believes.

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Twenty-seven years ago, he was kicking his heels in the Caribbean looking for something interesting 85 to do with his life. “In May 1984, I read an article predicting that syringes would be a major transmission route for HIV in the future. Immediately I knew that was my calling."

It took years of studying the problem and learning about plastics, before he hit on his design, in which the plunger breaks as soon as it is pulled back for reuse. He has now sold 3 billion of them and last month, he finally signed a contract with the world's biggest syringe-maker to produce his auto- 90 disable design.

Finally, one of the most recent innovations is called Solar Bottle Light. Sadly the inventor is unknown but claims have been made in 95 Manila and Sao Paulo. This is a truly ‘bright’ idea for shanty towns , where houses are so close that they don’t get much sunlight. It’s a light bulb made from a plastic bottle filled with water and a little bleach . A hole is cut in 100 the metal roof and the bottle is inserted half way through. A simple hole in the roof would only provide light directly below the hole, but when light hits the water it spreads light in all directions. A litre bottle light provides the equivalent of a 60-watt light bulb. It uses local 105 materials, costs about two or three dollars to make and lasts for about five years. This is already making a life-changing difference to people in Brazil and the Philippines. Who would have thought that all those PET bottles could make such a contribution to the developing world?

Coming up with a bright idea to solve a problem requires a lot of dedication and the ability to bounce back when things don’t work out. As the old saying goes: ‘If at first you don’t succeed, try, try 110 again.’

Glossary

constraints Einschränkungen syr inge (In jektions)Spritze plunger Einspritzkolben charity Wohltätigeitsorganisation quack Quacksalber (selbsternannter Arzt) kick his heels Warten/Daumen drehen undermined verderbt shanty town Barackensiedlung, Slums bleach Chavelwasser/Bleichmittel dedication Engagement

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A1 True or False? (20 points) Cross () the statement as true (T) or false (F): if it’s false, correct it! See (0) T F 0. The writer of this text is Angela Patmore. False, the writer is Sarah Boseley .

T F 1. In the first paragraph the writer says that these bright ideas come about in poor countries, where limitations and the local community are seldom considered. ideas can solve problems in poor countries

2. When Baylis came up with his idea, he was aware that electricity was costly and rare in Africa.

3. Baylis’ radio only works while turning the winding handle. No, have to wind it up first, then it unwinds

4. Mark Koska got inspired while watching a film of children and babies having injections syringes that where not clean.

5. 'This ' in line 69 refers to 'Malaria'. disease through contaminated syringes 6. Kenya, Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda will have to use his syringes. he wants them to use it, but not at the moment 7. Koska believes that families should ask for clean syringes.

8. Several claims have been made to patent the invention of the Solar Light Bulb.

9. The people living in shanty towns live in houses where windows are closed, which means that little sunlight comes in. the houses are close together

10. According to the article, the writer says people that have bright ideas need to carry on again after setbacks.

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A2 Vocabulary (10 points) Look back at the text. Explain the meaning (not just one word synonym) of the bold printed & underlined expressions or phrases in your own words as used in the text. Do not use these words in your explanations.

1. Line 11 : . . It brought home to him he realised

2. Line 28 : . . . a documentary about his life a film with him as the topic

3. Line 44 : . . . get . . . to market be able to sell

4. Line 63 : . . . made my breakthrough found a solution

5. Line 71: . . . Russian Roulette playing with life

6. Line 76 : . . . No vast sums not a lot of money

7. Line 77 : . . . a small number not many

8. Line 89 : . . . reuse to use again

9. Line 1 07 : . . . a contribution to the developing world change for the poorer people

10. Line 1 08 : . . . the ability to bounce back to carry on

A3 Synonyms (10 points) 10 words in the text are italics & underlined ; give a synonym (maximum two words) for each one of them which could be used in the text 'Bright Ideas' . 0. Line : 02 . . . bright. . . intelligent 1. Line : 36 . . . completed. . . finished / ended 2. Line : 52 . . . innovative. . . new 3. Line : 55 . . . annually . . . every year 4. Line: 61 . . . distressed. . . upset / shocked 5. Line : 66 . . . imagine. . . believe / think 6. Line : 72 . . . disastrous. . . . terrible / shocking 7. Line : 78 . . . fewer. . less 8. Line : 90 . . . signed. . . made / agreed 9. Line: 93 . . . most recent . . . newest 10. Line : 109 . . . bright . . . good / brilliant

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Part B Grammar (40 points)

B1: 10 Years later....Where's Buffy now? (10 points) Mixed Tenses: Read this review and underline the best tense below.. In 2003, if you 1) ____ (not know) who Buffy was, you obviously didn't live on this planet. All of us 2)_____ or hating the most surprising and, possibly, most financially successful series in TV history. A 1992 film, Buffy the Vampire Slayer (for those of you who 3) ____ (live) on that other planet, ‘vampires’ are dead people who drink the blood of the living) was a failure so the creator, Joss Whedon took the idea for a TV series and pitched it to Warner Bros. What did they see? ‘Buffy’ was a mix of horror, soap opera and sitcom, which 4) ___ (direct) towards teenagers and twenty-somethings. It was a completely untried new genre. Most people would have laughed but Warner didn’t. They gave Whedon the chance and the rest is history. This groundbreaking TV series 5) __ for seven series with a total of 144 episodes. It would have gone to an eighth series if Sarah Michelle Geller, who played Buffy, 6) ___ (say) she had had enough. Was that the right career decision? The truth is that actors and actresses have found out that life after Buffy has not been as successful as they had expected. Ms Geller has made a few films but nothing as big as Buffy. Two or three of the other actors and actresses 7) ___ in films but have done little. The only successful actor has been David Boreanaz, who had his own successful TV series and 8) ___ in a successful crime series called ‘Bones’. For everyone else it’s all been a little disappointing. Joss Whedon must have thought that he had a big future. It hasn’t quite happened for him. The other series he did for Boreanaz, ‘Angel’ was quite successful but his next series ‘Firefly’ failed. The critics loved it but the TV channels didn’t buy into the idea. Since then, however, ‘Firefly’ 9) ___ into a film which has been very successful. Nevertheless, Joss has felt that he is still not properly understood by the big media companies. However, although Buffy can no longer be seen on TV, she is still very much alive. A comic book series is very successful. There are still plans for films and a TV series connected to Buffy, and the DVDs 10) ___ very well. The World of Buffy is still with us and Joss Whedon is still very popular in TV land. Will he find another bright untried genre?

1. weren't knowing didn't know haven't been known haven't known

2. loved were loving love are loving

3. have lived had had lived has lived are living

4. was directed has been directed is directed can be directed

5. has been run has been running is run ran

6. would have decided hadn't have decided hadn't decided decided

7. was being has been have been would be

8. had now starred has been now starring now is starring is now starring

9. has been turned had been turned were being turned turned

10. have been still sold still sell were still selling sell still

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B2 Active / Passive voice (10 points) Rewrite the sentences into the correct tense of either active or passive. (Be careful with the tenses!)

1. The original prototype was rejected by everyone he approached. Everyone he approached rejected the original prototype.

2. The radio transformed people’s lives. people’s lives were transformed by the radio.

3. His prototype was featured on the BBC TV programme Tomorrow's World. The BBC TV programme Tomorrow's World featured his prototype.

4. He formed a company called Freeplay Energy. A company called Freeplay Energy was formed by him.

5. Baylis filed his first patent in 1992. His first patent was filed in 1992 by Baylis (him). / in 1992 his first patent was filed (by him).

6. He completed a 100 mile walk across the Namib Desert. A 100 mile walk across the Namib Desert was completed by him.

7. Marc Koska was inspired by a video. A video inspired Marc Koska.

8. The syringes are manufactured by a small number of big companies. A small number of big companies manufacture the syringes.

9. He has now sold 3 billion syringes. 3 billion syringes have now been sold by him.

10. The Solar Bottle Light uses local materials. Local materials are used by the Solar Bottle Light.

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B3 London 2012 (9 points) Prepositions: Cross the boxes for the most suitable preposition. The 2012 Games _1)_ England will on of from for in at over to as transform 2.5sq km _2)_ land _3)_ East London. What was industrial 1. ⌧ contaminated land has been rapidly 2. ⌧ transformed _4)_ the past three years. 3. ⌧ The Olympic Park will create a green 4. ⌧ backdrop _5)_ the Games and a new green space after 5. ⌧ 2012 for people and wildlife living _6)_ and around the 6. area _7)_ enjoy. ⌧ The southern part _8)_ the Park will focus _9)_ retaining 7. ⌧ the festival atmosphere _10)_ the Games, with riverside 8. ⌧ gardens, markets, events, cafes and bars. The northern 9. ⌧ area will use the latest green techniques _11)_ manage 10. ⌧ flood and rain water while providing quieter public space 11. ⌧ and habitats _12)_ 12. hundreds _13)_ ⌧ existing and rare 13. species, _14)_ 14. ⌧ example kingfishers 15. ⌧ and otters. 16. ⌧ Around 2,000 semi- 17. ⌧ mature British-grown 18. trees have been ⌧ hand-picked _15)_ form the roots _16)_ the Park’s green spaces, which will be enjoyed by spectators and become a home for wildlife. Hundreds _17) thousands are expected _18) visit London this July/August, so “Let the Games Begin!”.

B4 sentence forming (5 points) Underline the best answer to complete the sentences. The first one (0) has been done for you. 0. He’s a very ______person. One day he’s happy. The next day he’s sad. a) moody b) assertive c) talkative d) energetic

1. They couldn’t charge him because there wasn’t enough _____. a) witness b) offender c) ransom d) evidence

2. At the moment it doesn’t work. We need to make a few _____ to the design. a) simulations b) prototypes c) modifications d) collisions

3. Because of _____, there are a lot of factories causing pollution in our town. a) industrialisation b) consumerism c) modernity d) efficiency

4. The film was so _____. I couldn’t stop laughing. a) breathtaking b) moving c) hilarious d) gripping

5. The news is disappointing. After a steady _____ over the last few years, this year has seen a decline. a) decrease b) fall c) increase d) drop

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B5 All Conditionals (10 points) Complete the sentences. You have to decide if the sentences are zero, first, second, or third conditional.

1. I wish it would stop raining. If it rains (rain) like this tomorrow, we won't be able (not be able) to play tennis.

2. He didn't know the answers, so he didn't pass the exam. If had known (know) the answers, he would have passed (pass) the exam.

3. The company didn't arrange a new finance package and it went bankrupt. If they had found (find) a new finance package, they wouldn't (or might not) have gone bankrupt (not go) bankrupt

4. When you put (put) logs in a river, they float (float)

5. If you have (have) any problems, let me know immediately, and I I'll come (come) and help you straight away.

6. I have to work about 80 hours a week, so I'm very busy right now. But if I weren't/wasn't/would (not be) so busy, I 'd/could/might take up (take up) a sport like golf.

7. Imagine if she had studied (study) harder in the past, she would have or would have had (have) a far better job by now!

8. Unless we protect (protect) languages, they will become (become) extinct.

9. As soon as they arrive /arrived (arrive), we 'll start/had started (start) the test.

10. If she had kept up with (keep up with) the course, she wouldn't (or might not) have failed (not fail) last summer.

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Part C Writing (44 points)

Select one of the following topics. Write between 150-180 words. 1. 'If at first you don't succeed, try try again’. What is your opinion about this saying ? 2. Discuss which you think is an excellent 'bright idea' in the article. 3. Write about what you enjoy about Olympic Games and what problems you see.

Evaluation Criteria:

Points Contents: length (at least 150 words) 6 understanding (own text, to the point) 6 quality, substance 6

Structure: divided into paragraphs, logical sequence 2

Style: conciseness, adequacy 4

Vocabulary: accuracy 4 range 4

Sentence Patterns: complexity, variety, word order 2

Grammar: grammar mistakes 5 spelling mistakes 5

______/44 points

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KEY BMP June 2012 Version B (incomplete key!)

B2 Reported Speech (10 points

B3 Not so Bright Vocabulary (10 points

2 1d / 2c / 3b / 4c / 5a / 6c B4 All Conditionals (10 points) 1. rains/won't be able 2. had known/would have passed 3.had found/wouldn't (or might not) have gone bankrupt 4. put/float 5.have/I'll come 6. weren't/wasn't/would/'d/could/might take up 7. had studied /would have or would have had. 8. protect/will become 9.arrive/'ll start; arrived/started 10. had kept up with/wouldn't (or might not) have failed.

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