SOC 792D: COMPARATIVE WELFARE STATES SPRING, 2005

Joya Misra Email: [email protected]

Office: Machmer W33e, 545-5969 Office Hours: TuTh 11-12 and by appointment Class Meetings: Monday 4-6:30 pm Classroom: Machmer W32 University of Massachusetts — Department of Sociology

The welfare state is a central site for analyses of citizenship, inequality and politics. Indeed, research on welfare states is a key lens through which to examine the major theoretical questions that shape political sociology. In this course, you will be introduced to a number of enduring debates in the study of welfare states. How have welfare states been created? What factors support the expansion of the welfare state? Do welfare states mediate or simply institutionalize inequalities of class, race/ethnicity, gender, sexuality, age, etc.? How do welfare states vary across countries or regions? How do they change over time? What factors support the restructuring or retrenchment of the welfare state? Are welfare states still relevant in an increasingly globalized world?

In addition, this course will serve as an introduction to comparative-historical methods. While comparative historical methods are a central research strategy for sociologists (particularly for those interested in global and macro-political processes), they remain widely misunderstood. Doing good comparative historical research requires detailed and systematic knowledge of cases that have been selected with great care. Therefore, in this course, we will read materials on doing comparative historical research and a number of excellent examples of comparative historical research. In doing so, I hope the course will provide both methods training and models for a wide range of students.

Students should leave this course with a good handle on the study of comparative welfare states, important theoretical debates relevant to political sociology, and the comparative historical method. I encourage students to take this course as one of a variety of graduate courses offered on political sociology, inequality (including courses in class, gender, and race/ethnicity), social policy, and social movements (including labor movements).

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

As a seminar, this course is based on active involvement of all participants. You should complete assigned readings before class, and be prepared to take part in class discussion. You will be in charge of leading discussion of the course material for at least one class session. Organizing the class discussion involves raising specific questions and issues for the week, and relating the material to previous readings and class discussions. Effective discussions should analyze the methods as well as the arguments in the readings. As a discussion leader, you must provide a list of FIVE questions to all students one week before the class session you organize. These questions should help focus the other students as they do the readings, and provide a partial basis for class discussion. Your role as discussion leader will not be in “lecturing” on the material, but facilitating a thoughtful and active discussion of these materials.

You will also write seven short memos responding to materials covered in the readings, due throughout the semester. In these one page single-spaced memos, you will discuss and critically evaluate the readings for a particular class session. These memos help ensure that class participants are prepared to enter into good and productive discussions. The memos need not summarize the readings, but should integrate the readings and analyze their strengths and 1 weaknesses.

Finally, you will write a course paper that (a) presents a research proposal for a comparative- historical project or serves as a draft of a comparative-historical paper (on any topic area), or (b) presents a research proposal for a welfare state project or serves as a draft of a paper on some aspect of the welfare state, or (c) both of the above. Final paper topics should be discussed with me and decided by March 7. Rough drafts of the paper are due April 25, no grades will be given these drafts, but 10% will be deducted from the final if a draft is not submitted. The final version of the paper is due May 9. Grades are based on the following criteria.

Class Participation 15 % Organizing class discussion 15% Memos 35% Final paper 35%

The grading scale for this course is A=>93; A-=90-93; B+=87-90; B=83-87; B-=80-83, C+=77- 80, C=<77.

Required Readings

All books are available at Food for Thought Books, 106 N. Pleasant. They are also on reserve in the W.E.B. DuBois Library. Other course readings will be available through a reader or on the web.

Peter Baldwin. 1990. The Politics of Social Solidarity: Class Bases of the European Welfare State 1875-1975. New York: Cambridge. Gosta Esping-Andersen. 1990. Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lynne Haney. 2002. Inventing the Needy: Gender and the Politics of Welfare in Hungary. Berkeley: University of California Press. Robert Lieberman. 1998. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, eds. 2003. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Recommended Books: Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens. 2001. “Welfare State and Production Regimes” and “The Development of Welfare States and Production Regimes in the Golden Age: A Comparative Historical Analysis.” Pp. 85-201 in Development and Crisis of the Welfare State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Gail Lewis. 2000. ‘Race,’ Gender, Welfare: Encounters in a Postcolonial Society. Blackwell. Paul Pierson. 2001. “Post-Industrial Pressures on Mature Welfare States.” Pp. 80-104 in Paul Pierson’s The New Politics of the Welfare State. New York: Oxford. Theda Skocpol. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.

2 COURSE SCHEDULE

January 31 - Introduction

Initial meeting to talk about class, and divide up discussion leading responsibilities.

February 7 - Theoretical Overviews

• Jill Quadagno. 1987. “Theories of the Welfare State.” Annual Review of Sociology. 13: 109-28.

• Edwin Amenta, Chris Bonastia, and Neal Caren. 2001. “US Social Policy in Comparative and Historical Perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology 27:213-34.

• Ann Shola Orloff. 2004. “Social Provision and Regulation: Theories of States, Social Policies, and Modernity.” Institute for Policy Research Working Paper, http:/

Recommended Reading: Gosta Esping-Andersen and Kees van Kersbergen. 1992. “Contemporary Research on Social Democracy.” Annual Review of Sociology. 18: 187-208. Peter Flora and Jens Alber. “Modernization, Democratization, and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe.” Pp. 37-80 in The Development of the Welfare State in Europe and America, edited by P. Flora and A. Heidenheimer. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Joya Misra and Frances Akins. 1998. “The Welfare State and Women: Structure, Agency, and Diversity.” Social Politics. 5:259-285. Theda Skocpol and Edwin Amenta. 1986. “States and Social Policies.” Annual Review of Sociology. 12: 131-57. Fiona Williams. 1995. “Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in Welfare States: A Framework for Comparative Analysis.” Social Politics. 2:127-159.

February 14 – Comparative Historical Methods

Theda Skocpol. 1984. “Emerging Agendas and Recurrent Strategies in Historical Sociology.” Pp. 356-391.

• John Stuart Mill. 1950 [1881]. Pp. 211-33 in Ernest Nagel’s Philosophy of Scientific Method.

• Morris Zelditch. 1971. “Intelligible Comparisons.” Pp. 267-307 in I. Vallier’s Comparative Methods in Sociology. Berkeley: University of California.

Stanley Lieberson. 1992. “Small N’s and Big Conclusions: An Examination of the Reasoning in Comparative Studies Based on a Small Number of Cases.” Pp. 105-118 in Charles Ragin and Howard Becker’s What is a Case? New York: Cambridge University Press.

February 23 (Wednesday) – Comparative Historical Methods, Part II

Mahoney, James and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, eds. 2003. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.

3 Recommended Readings: Andrew Abbott. 2001. Time Matters: On Theory and Method. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thomas Janoski and Alexander Hicks. 1994. The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State. New York: Cambridge. John Stuart Mill.1925. A System of Logic. London: Longman, Green, and Co. • Adam Przeworski & Henry Teune. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley & Sons. Charles Ragin. 1987. The Comparative Method. Moving beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies . Berkeley: University of California Press. Theda Skocpol (Ed.). 1985. Vision and Method in Historical Sociology. New York: Cambridge University Press. Charles Tilly. 1984. Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons. New York: Russell sage Foundation.

February 28 - Citizenship, Class, and Welfare State Regimes

• T.H. Marshall, "Citizenship and Social Class," pp.1-85 in Citizenship, Class, and Other Essays (Cambridge, 1950).

• Gosta Esping Andersen. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Recommended Readings: Francis Castles (Ed). 1993. Families of Nations: Patterns of Public Policy in Western Democracies (Hanover, NH: Dartmouth). Gosta Esping-Andersen. 1999. Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Economies. New York: Oxford. Trudie Knijn and Monique Kremer. 1997. “Gender and the Caring Dimension of Welfare States: Toward Inclusive Citizenship.” Social Politics 4: 328-61. • Mary Langen and Ilona Ostner. 1991. “Gender and Welfare: Towards a Comparative Framework.” Pp. 127-150 in Towards a European Welfare State?, edited by G. Room. Bristol, England: SAUS Publications. • Jane Lewis. 1992. “Gender and the Development of Welfare State Regimes.” Journal of European Social Policy. 2: 150-173. Ruth Lister. 1997. Citizenship: Feminist Perspectives. New York: NYU Press. Diane Sainsbury (Ed.). 1999. Gender and Welfare State Regimes. New York: Oxford. Nira Yuval-Davis. 1997. “Women, Citizenship and Difference.” Feminist Review 57 :4-27.

March 7 – The Emergence of the Welfare State

• Peter Baldwin. 1990. The Politics of Social Solidarity: Class Bases of the European Welfare State 1875-1975. New York: Cambridge.

Recommended Readings: Alex Hicks, Joya Misra, and Tang Nah Ng. 1995. “The Programmatic Emergence of the Social Security State.” American Sociological Review. 60: 329-49. Joya Misra. “Women as Agents in Welfare State Development: A Cross-National Analysis of Family Allowance Adoption.” Socio-Economic Review. 1: 185-214. Joya Misra. “Mothers or Workers? The Value of Unpaid Labor: Women and the Emergence of Family Allowance Policy.” Gender & Society. 12: 376-399. Ann Shola Orloff. 1993. The Politics of Pensions. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Francis Fox Piven and Richard Cloward. 1993 [1972]. Regulating the Poor. New York: Pantheon. Karl Polanyi. 1944. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Times. Boston: Beacon Press.

4 March 21 – “Maternalism” and the Emergence of the U.S. Welfare State

• Theda Skocpol. 1992. “Introduction” and “An Unusual Victory for Public Benefits.” Pp. 1-62, 424-479 in Protecting Soldiers and Mothers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.

• Linda Gordon, “Black and White Visions of Welfare: Women’s Welfare Activism, 1890- 1945,” Journal of American History, September 1991, pp.559-90.

• Linda Gordon. 1993. “Gender, State, and Society.” Contention. 2(3): 139-156.

• Theda Skocpol. 1993. “Soldiers, Workers, and Mothers.” Contention. 2(3): 157-183.

• Linda Gordon. 1993. “Reply to Theda Skocpol.” Contention. 2(3): 183-189.

Jeff Manza. 1993. “The Elusive Polity.” Contention. 3(1): 87-101.

Recommended Reading: Linda Gordon. 1994. Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Suzanne Mettler. 1998. Dividing Citizens: Gender and Federalism in New Deal Public Policy Ithaca, NY: Cornell. Sonya Michel and Seth Koven. 1990. "Womanly Duties: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of the Welfare State in France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1920." American Historical Review 95:1076-1108. Gwendolyn Mink. 1995. The Wages of Motherhood: Inequality in the Welfare State. 1917-1942. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Ellen Reese. 1996. “Maternalism and Political Mobilization: How California’s Postwar Child Care Campaign Was Won.” Gender and Society. 10: 566-589.

March 28 - Welfare State Development

• Alexander Hicks. 1999. “Employee Movement, Welfare Capitalism.” Pp. 230-248 in Social Democracy and Welfare Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Evelyne Huber and John D. Stephens. 2001. “Welfare State and Production Regimes” and “The Development of Welfare States and Production Regimes in the Golden Age: A Comparative Historical Analysis.” Pp. 85-201 in Development and Crisis of the Welfare State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Recommended Readings: • Alexander Hicks and Joya Misra. “Political Resources and the Growth of Welfare Effort: The Case of Affluent Capitalist Democracies, 1960-1982.” American Journal of Sociology. 99:668-710. • Ann Orloff and Theda Skocpol. 1984. “Why Not Equal Protection? Explaining the Politics of Social Spending in Britain, 1900-1911 and the United States, 1880s-1920.” American Sociological Review. 49: 726-50. Fred Pampel and John Williamson. 1989. Age, Class, Politics, and the Welfare State. New York: Cambridge University Press. John Stephens. 1979. The Transition from Capitalism to Socialism. London: Macmillan. Harold Wilensky. The Welfare State and Equality: Structural and Ideological Roots of Public Expenditures. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

April 4 – Race and the U.S. Welfare State

Robert Lieberman. 1997. Shifting the Color Line: Race and the American Welfare State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.

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April 11 – Race, Ethnicity, Immigration and the Welfare State

• Gail Lewis. 2000. ‘Race,’ Gender, Welfare: Encounters in a Postcolonial Society. Blackwell.

• Robert C. Lieberman. 2002. “Political Institutions and the Politics of Race in the Development of the Modern Welfare State.” Pp. 102-128 in Bo Rothstein and Sven Steinmo’s Restructuring the Welfare State. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Virginie Guiraudon. 2002. “Including Foreigners in National Welfare States: Institutional Venues and Rules of the Game.” Pp. 129-156 in Bo Rothstein and Sven Steinmo’s Restructuring the Welfare State. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Recommended Readings: Michael K. Brown. 1999. Race, Money and the American Welfare State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell. Liz Ferete. 1997. “Blackening the Economy: the Path to Convergence.” Race + Class. 39(1): 1-17. Rosemary Jenks. 1995. “Immigration Reform in the U.S. and Europe.” Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy. Fall, 58-64. Jill Quadagno. 1990. “Race, Class and Gender in the U.S. Welfare State: Nixon’s Failed Family Assistance Plan.” American Sociological Review 55(1990):11-28. • Jill Quadagno. 1994. The Color of Welfare. New York: Oxford University Press. Nancy Rose. 1993. “Gender, Race, and the Welfare State: Government Work Programs from the 1930s to the Present.” Feminist Studies. 19: 319-342.

April 21 – Gender, Family, and the Welfare State • • Diane Sainsbury. 1996. “Gender Equality Reforms and Their Impact.” Pp. 173-197 in Gender, Equality, and Welfare States. New York: Cambridge.

• Joyce Marie Mushaben. 2001. “Challenging the Maternalist Presumption.” Pp. 193-214 in Nancy Hirschmann and Ulrike Liebert’s Women & Welfare: Theory and Practice in the United States and Europe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers.

• Mary Daly and Katherine Rake. 2003. “Towards an Explanation of National Configurations and Cross-National Patterns.” PP. 138-163 in Gender and the Welfare State. Malden MA: Polity Press.

• Jane Lewis. 2002. “Gender and Welfare State Change.” European Societies. 4(4): 331-357.

Recommended Readings: Mary Daly. 2000. “A Fine Balance: Women’s Labour Market Participation in International Comparison.” Pp.467-510 in Fritz Scharpf and Vivien Schmidt’s Welfare and Work in the Open Economy. New York: Oxford. Mary Daly. 2000. “The Gender Division of Welfare. New York: Cambridge. Linda Gordon (Ed.). 1990. Women, the State, and Welfare. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Janet C. Gornick and Marcia K. Meyers. 2003. Families That Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Linda Hantrais (Ed.). 2000. Gendered Policies in Europe. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Barbara Hobson (Ed.). 2002. Making Men into Fathers: Men, Masculinities and the Social Politics of Fatherhood. New York: Oxford. Arnaug Leira. 2002. Working Parents and the Welfare State. New York: Cambridge. Julia O'Connor, Ann Orloff and Sheila Shaver, States, Markets, Families: Gender, Liberalism and Social Policy in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and the United States (Cambridge University Press, 1999). Diane Sainsbury (Ed.). 1994. Gendering Welfare States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Diane Sainsbury (Ed.). 1999.

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April 25 – The Politics of Welfare State Development in Central/Eastern Europe

Lynne Haney. 2002. Inventing the Needy: Gender and the Politics of Welfare in Hungary. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Recommended: Toni Makkai. 1994. “Social Policy and Gender in Eastern Europe.” Pp. 188-204 in Diane Sainsbury’s Gendering Welfare States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Guy Standing. 1996. “Social Protection in Central and Eastern Europe: A Tale of Slipping Anchors and Torn Safety Nets.” Pp. 225-255 in Gosta Esping-Andersen’s Welfare States in Transition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

May 2 -- Globalization and Welfare State Restructuring

Colin Hay. 2001. “Globalization, Economic Change, and the Welfare State: the ‘Vexatious Inquisition of Taxation’?” Pp. 38-58 in Robert Sykes, Bruno Palier, and Pauline M. Prior’s Globalization and European Welfare States. New York: Palgrave.

Paul Pierson. 2001. “Post-Industrial Pressures on Mature Welfare States.” Pp. 80-104 in Paul Pierson’s The New Politics of the Welfare State. New York: Oxford.

Paul Pierson. 2001. “Coping with Permanent Austerity.” Pp. 410-456 in Paul Pierson’s The New Politics of the Welfare State. New York: Oxford.

Frances Fox Piven. 2001. “Globalization, American Politics, and Welfare Policy.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 577(1): 26-37.

Recommended: Gosta Esping-Andersen (Ed.). 1996. Welfare States in Transition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jane Jenson and Mariette Sineau (Eds.). 2001. Who Cares? Women’s Work, Childcare, and Welfare State Redesign. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Herbert Kitschelt, Peter Lange, Gary Marks, and John D. Stephens (Eds.). 1999. Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jane Lewis (Ed.). 1998. Gender, Social Care, and Welfare State Restructuring. Aldershot: Ashgate. Stephan Liebfried and Elmar Rieger. 1998. “Welfare State Limits to Globalization.” Politics & Society. 6(24): 363-90. Sonya Michel and Rianne Mahon (Eds.) 2002. Child Care Policy at the Crossroads: Gender and Welfare State Restructuring. New York: Routledge. Gwendolyn Mink. (Ed.) 1998. Welfare’s End. Ithaca, NY: Cornell. Bo Rothstein and Sven Steinmo (Eds.). 2002. Restructuring the Welfare State. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Fritz Scharpf and Vivien Schmidt (Ed.). 2000. Welfare and Work in the Open Economy. NY: Oxford. Duane Swank. ??. Diminished Democracy? Global Capital, Political Institutions, and Policy Change in Developed Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

May 9 -- Student Presentations

In this session, each student will have a few minutes to present the main elements of their course paper.

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