ISSN 1536-7738 Oklahoma Native Plant Record

Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 1 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114

Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

ISSN 1536-7738

Managing Editor: Sheila Strawn Technical Editor: Patricia Folley Technical Advisor: Bruce Hoagland CD-ROM Producer: Chadwick Cox Website: http://www.usao.edu/~onps/

The purpose of ONPS is to encourage the study, protection, propagation, appreciation and use of the native plants of Oklahoma. Membership in ONPS shall be open to any person who supports the aims of the Society. ONPS offers individual, student, family, and life memberships. 2006 Officers and Board Members

President: Constance Murray Historian: Sharon McCain Vice-president: Kim Shannon Librarian: Bonnie Winchester Secretary: Lou Duke Website Manager: Chadwick Cox Treasurer: Mary Korthase Photo Poster Curators: Membership Database: Tina Julich Sue Amstutz & Marilyn Stewart Past President: Jim Elder Color Oklahoma Chair: Kim Shannon Board Members: Conservation Chair: Chadwick Cox Paul Buck Field Trip Chair: Patricia Folley Kay Gafford Mailings Chair: Karen Haworth Melynda Hickman Merchandise Chair: Susan Chambers Monica Macklin Nominating Chair: Paula Shryok Elfriede Miller Photography Contest Chair: Tina Julich Stanley Rice Publications Chairs: Central Chapter Chair: Marilyn Stewart Paul Buck & Constance Taylor Cross-timbers Chapter Chair: Publicity Chairs: Paul Richardson Kim Shannon & Marilyn Stewart Mycology Chapter Chair: Clark Ovrebo Wildflower Workshop Chair: Northeast Chapter Chair: Sue Amstutz Larry Magrath & Joanne Orr Gaillardia Editor: Chadwick Cox Harriet Barclay Award Chair: Constance Taylor Cover photo: Gymnosporagnium juniperi- Ann Long Award Chair: Patricia Folley virginianae (Cedar-apple rust) on Juniperus ONPS Service Award Chair: Sue Amstutz virginiana (Eastern red cedar) by L.B. Stabler

Articles (c) The Authors Journal compilation (c) Oklahoma Native Plant Society Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike4.0International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed, the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this one. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100042 2

Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1 Table of Contents

Forward...... 3

The Lichens of North Central Oklahoma ...... 4 Ph.D. Dissertation Dr. Darvin W. Keck

Annotated Nomenclatural Update to Lichens of North Central Oklahoma.. . 51 Mr. Douglas M. Ladd

Vascular Flora of a Red Sandstone Hills Site ...... 53 Canadian County, Oklahoma Dr. Bruce W. Hoagland and Ms. Amy K. Buthod

Vascular Flora of a Riparian Site on the Canadian River...... 69 Cleveland County, Oklahoma Ms. Lacy Burgess and Dr Bruce W. Hoagland

Critic’s Choice ...... 80 Cedar-apple Rust Dr. L. Clark Ovrebo

Five-year Index to Oklahoma Native Plant Record...... inside back cover Oklahoma Native Plant Record 3 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Forward

Several years ago a small group of members of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, interested in fungi, initiated its Mycological Chapter. The debate which accompanied the chapter’s formation naturally centered on the fact that fungi are just not plants, even if they had historically been studied by botanists. In the end most realized that if we did not give the fledgling group a place in the Society, mycological studies in Oklahoma might forever continue to be inadequately addressed in the natural sciences. For the past several years Dr. Clark Ovrebo has served as chair of the Mycological Chapter and has contributed articles regarding fungi, including one in this volume as well. The Oklahoma Native Plant Record is proud to deliver these articles to those who would study fungi in Oklahoma and to those whose interests in fungi might be stimulated toward further investigation. In another effort to spawn more interest in these under-studied taxa, we present in this volume the first, and until recently the only, major study of lichen distribution in Oklahoma. Lichens, being a dual organism of a fungal base with algal and/or bacterial photobionts, offer the biologist a unique perspective on ecosystem dynamics and evolution. Lichens deserve a more thorough study and this seminal article is the requisite for their study in Oklahoma. The author of The Lichens of North Central Oklahoma, Darvin Wendell Keck was born at Willis, Oklahoma in 1926. After serving in the Army from 1944 to 1946 and before receiving his Ph.D., he taught four years in secondary schools and eight years in higher education. He received his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees from Oklahoma State University. After receiving his doctorate he accepted a teaching position at Oklahoma Christian University where he was the first inductee of the Science and Engineering Hall of Honor and was awarded many other honors including the Gaylord Chair of Distinguished Teaching and the Master Teacher Award. He was the Chairman of the Division of Science for 15 years before retiring in 1989. Keck became interested in Oklahoma lichens while taking a course in lichenology at the University of Michigan Biological Station in the summer of 1958. The teacher, Dr. Howard Crum, pointed out that very little work had been done in Oklahoma and in most of the surrounding states, and encouraged him to pursue a study of this type. The primary purpose of his study was to collect and identify lichens in an 11-county area of North Central Oklahoma. Secondary aims were to analyze ecological relationships and to establish a record of species distribution for each county. Difficulties encountered included the lack of sufficient up-to-date literature, particularly family and generic monographs, and the lack of herbarium specimens for reference. Since no herbarium specimens were available at OSU, the author sent most of the foliose specimens to Mason E. Hale, Jr. at the Smithsonian Institution for verification. He also spent several days at the University of Colorado studying with Sam Shushan and William Weber, while making use of the excellent herbarium facilities there. National Science Foundation provided the research grant. Dr. John E. Thomas served as thesis adviser and Chairman of the Graduate Committee, and Drs. Walter W. Hansen, George Moore, Glenn Todd, and U.T.Waterfall were members. Darvin Keck is retired and currently resides in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 4 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

THE LICHENS OF NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA By DARVIN WENDELL KECK

Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Oklahoma State University in partial fullfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August, 1961

Over 1,000 specimens of lichens were collected at 78 collecting stations in 11 counties of North Central Oklahoma during 1959 and 1960. The objectives were to identify lichens collected in the area; to establish a record of lichen distribution for each county in the area; and to analyze the ecological relationships. One hundred eleven species and varieties were identified, representing 34 genera and 20 familiies. Species occurring in each county were Candelaria fibrosa, Parmelia bolliana, Physcia syncolla, Teloschistes chrysophthalomus, and Xanthoria candelaria. Only ten other species occurred in eight or more counties, while 64 species were found in three counties or less and 30 of these were found in only one county each. The number of species per county varied from a low of 19 in Kingfisher County to a high of 77 in Osage County. The variation was very closely correlated to the two physiographic regions of the area. The five counties largely contained in the Sandstone Hills varied between 41 and 77 species with an average of 50. The six counties in the Redbeds Plains had between 19 and 33 species with an average of 26. This variation between regions is correlated to rainfall which averages near 40 inches per year at the eastern boundary of the Sandstone Hills, but only 30 inches at the western boundary of the Redbeds Plains. Other factors, conditioned by rainfall, and also having an influence on lichen growth are the presence of trees, the kinds of rock, and the acidity of the soil.

Keck, D.W. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100044 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 5 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

INTRODUCTION Historical Background Other notable milestones could include the arrangement The term “lichen” was used of all known lichens under by Theophrastus (371-287 their respective genera by B.C.), in his History of Plants, to Acharius in 1803, and the use signify a superficial growth of spore characters in on the bark of trees. It classification by De Notaris referred to hepatics of the in 1846. Marchantia type rather than The discovery of the dual to the lichens as they are nature of lichens by currently understood. He Schwendener, in 1868, is did, however, describe a often considered to be the species of Roccella, and beginning of modern another of Usnea or lichenology. This discovery Alectoria, which is perhaps led to a wide variety of the earliest known reference ideas about classification. to lichens. This was demonstrated in a Lichens were alluded to by report by Fink (8) who only a few writers during conducted a survey of leading the next 2000 years. This botanists and lichenologists reflected not only the small throughout the world in an amount of study in natural attempt to analyze ideas history, but also the regarding the relationship of relative lack of economic lichen components. Ideas worth of lichens (28). expressed included the Schneider (27) in 1897 following: lichens are a wrote a history of distinct group of organisms lichenology, recognizing the and should be separated from following periods: fungi; lichens should be classified in the fungus I. From the earliest times to the end of the genera that they closely seventeenth century. resemble; and, lichens have a II. From 1694, when Tournefort, the first definite relationship to to separate lichens taxonomically from the fungi, but for convenience bryophytes, arranged plants into classes called should be kept separated from genera, to 1729. the fungi. III. From 1729, when Micheli divided Fink (9) gave his own idea lichens into different orders, to 1779. in the following statement: IV. From 1779, when Weber established “The lichen is a fungus which definite and reasoned lichen genera based on the lives all or a part of its structure of thallus and fruits, to 1825. life in parasitic relation with an V. From 1825, when Wallroth and algal host and also sustains Meyer each published works dealing with a relation with an organic or detailed morphological, ecological, and an inorganic substratum.” biochemical observations, to 1868. This idea has not been widely VI. From 1868, when Schwendener accepted, and, despite Fink’s discovered the dual nature of lichens, to 1894.

Keck, D.W. 6 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 insisting that a lichen was substances as an aid to a fungus, he never attempted lichen taxonomy. This is well to place lichens in existing illustrated by the work of fungus genera. Perhaps a Asahina (1), and by the use more widely accepted idea of chemical tests in almost was given by Imshaug (22) all keys identifying lichens. who defined a lichen as “an It is not, however, been entity capable of accepted without opposition, reproducing itself, and as indicated by the following consisting of two organisms, statement by Nearing (25): an alga and a fungus, living together in a state of Chemical dyes determine nothing, and in symbiosis, as is manifested by most cases differentiate species only from some change in the anatomy, certain artificial “Species” invented for the morphology, or physiology of purpose of being thus differentiated. In certain at least one of its cases chemicals may be suggestive and helpful, components.” but the naming of hundreds of “species” on Ideas in regard to the the basis of chemical reactions alone, is in relationship of lichen itself sufficient proof that the reactions do not components, which in turn coincide with evident relationships, that all have influenced taxonomic determinations should rest on botanical ideas, have been further characters, or else all on chemical, which last, complicated by the of course, would be absurd, but no more observance of some lichens absurd than the present mixing of the two that are apparently methods. parasitic on other plants, and even on other lichens. This likely represents an While the relationship extreme view, but does between lichens and fungi illustrate the diversity of has long been recognized, no ideas relating to the serious attempt has been classification of lichens. made to place lichens in Because of the uniqueness recognized fungus genera. of lichens, it is Other problems are related understandable that serious to growth form and to problems still exist in chemistry. Some workers make lichen taxonomy; much work no distinction on growth remains to be done before form, but a more common they can be satisfactorily approach is to separate solved. groups purely on that basis In the United States, (i.e.,“foliose”, lichen studies have been “fruticose”, “squamulose”). confined mostly to the east, Lichens are also known to north, and Pacific Coast contain a great many unique areas with the southwest chemicals, and in recent largely being bypassed. times considerable emphasis Oklahoma has barely 100 has been placed on the species reported from about chemistry of lichen one fourth of its 77

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 7 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 counties, and no one has REVIEWOFLITERATURE attempted to do a complete floristic work for even one Previous studies involving county. Kansas had less than the lichens of Oklahoma have 40 species reported until been very limited. Only two Fearing (7) collected 163 earlier studies have been taxa including about 140 made wherein appreciable species. He suggested that numbers of lichens from this was perhaps only one Oklahoma were collected and third of the total lichens identified. in the state. Arkansas and The first of these was by Texas each has had only a Hedrick (20), who identified few species reported. This specimens that Prof. Robert compares with 245 species Stratton from Oklahoma State reported from Ohio by Wolfe University collected from (34), and 335 species Cimarron, Delaware, Harmon, reported from Washington by Johnston, Kay, Mayes, Howard (21), although McCurtain, Murray, Osage, neither suggested the work Payne, and Roger Mills was complete in those counties. These counties are states. widespread throughout the It has always been state and represent a great customary to report the diversity of habitats; substrate from which a however, no attempt was made particular lichen was to collect all the species collected. While the finer occurring in any area or details of environment were county. This study included not included, this has at 59 species. A majority of least served as a beginning these were crustose forms for ecological studies. In occurring on rocks, with recent times specific Lecidea, Caloplaca, Buellia, observations have been made and Lecanora being the genera about light, temperature, most frequently represented. humidity, and other factors The second work was by Hale in regard to various lichen (16) who collected during species, although little 1955-1956 in six contiguous work has been done on the counties in eastern Oklahoma microenvironment. as part of a study of lichens Because of the limited in the Ozarks. These counties literature on lichens in the were Adair, Cherokee, southwest, and more LeFlore, McCurtain, especially in Oklahoma, the Pushmataha, and Sequoyah. need for this present work This study involved “Macro- was seen. corticolous” lichens and included 47 species,

Keck, D.W. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 primarily from the genera: THESTUDYAREA Parmelia, Physica, Usnea, Location and Size Anaptychia, Leptogium, and Pannaria. The area involved in this Since the latter study study includes the following dealt exclusively with 11 counties: Creek, Garfield, foliose and fruticose Grant, Kay, Kingfisher, lichens growing on trees, Lincoln, Logan, Noble, Osage, and the previous study dealt Pawnee, and Payne. It is largely with crustose forms, situated in North Central there was little duplication Oklahoma (Fig. 1). It is of species collected. Only near-rectangular in shape, seven species were common to and is about 115 miles long both lists, and collectively (east to west), and averages these two efforts totaled 99 95 miles wide with the species. greatest width being about In addition to these two 105 miles. It covers almost reports, a few additional 11,000 square miles which is specimens representing eight between one sixth and one other species and involving seventh of the total area of the additional counties of Oklahoma. Comanche, Noble, and Carter The area of each county, in have been reported in square miles, as computed monographs by Berry (2), from General Highway County Imshaug (22), and Thomason Maps prepared by the Oklahoma (31), and in other articles Department of Highways is as by Hale (11, 14, 15, 18). follows: This gives a total of 107 County Total Area species reported from (Sq. Mi.) Oklahoma and involves 19 of Creek 988 the 77 counties where at Garfield 1068 least some collecting is Grant 1008 known to have been done. Kay 938 Specimens reported by Kingfisher 910 Hedrick are in the herbarium Lincoln 967 at the University of Logan 771 Michigan, and those Noble 750 collected by Hale are at the Osage 2393 Smithsonian Institution. Pawnee 597 Other Oklahoma specimens are Payne 696 preserved in herbaria of the Missouri Botanical Garden, New York Botanical Garden, Physiographic Regions University of Wisconsin, and the private herbarium of C. Bruner (3) divided the area W. Dodge at St. Louis. into two physiographic regions: the Sandstone Hill region which occupies

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 9 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 approximately the eastern 40 39oF and a mean July per cent of the area (Fig. temperature of 80o – 82o F. 2), and the Redbeds Plains. Extremes in temperature vary These regions are not from several degrees below 0oF sharply delimited; to somewhat over 100oF. There therefore, a wide zone is an average of 200-220 characterized by features of frost-free days throughout both regions is noticeable. the area (32). The Sandstone Hills region Rainfall averages vary from is composed largely of about 30 inches per year in weathered Pennsylvanian the west to 40 in the east, shales, with rough low hills with considerable year-to- of the more resistant year variation. sandstone remaining. Maximum There is also an accompanying height of these hills is 300 small increase in relative to 400 feet, although the humidity toward the east. average is much less. Large The Sandstone Hills region sandstone blocks cover the is covered with a tops and slopes of hills. transitional oak forest The broader flat-topped interspersed with grass ridges have soil of areas, while the Redbeds sufficient depth to support Plains region is primarily good plant growth. grassland, with trees usually The Redbeds Plains are confined to the flood plains composed of soft red Permian of streams (3). A vegetation clays and shales, with some map of the area taken from an thin sandstones which are Oklahoma Game and Fish usually so soft that they do Department map (Fig. 3). not prduce escarpments. This Higher rainfall and region is primarily one of humidity favor the the rolling plains where development of most lichens, hills seldom exceed 100 feet at least within the limits of in height. The slightly conditions found in the study rolling plain to the west is area. Most of the effect is in contrast to the greater apparently direct since there relief near and in the is a definite change in each Sandstone Hills region. category of the lichen flora (terricolous, saxicolous, corticolous) with a change in Climate and Vegetation rainfall. Some of the effect is perhaps related only to North Central Oklahoma has tree growth since a few a continental type of corticolous species are weather which is considered to be specific in characterized by a regard to substrate. pronounced seasonal range in There is also a correlation temperature. It has a mean between rainfall and pH, with January temperature of 34o-

Keck, D.W. 10 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 the eastern part of the substrate. Observations were study area where the also made repeatedly on rainfall is greater being exposed soil and fence posts, primarily acidic and the ordinarily near the general western part being near collecting areas, but only a neutral to slightly basic. very limited number of Considerable influence is lichens were found and also exerted on the lichen collected under these flora by the pH (17), conditions. although this is more Consideration was also related to the micro- given to the size of counties environment than to the pH so that collecting stations condition of the general varied in number from four in area. Pawnee County to 15 in Osage All of these conditions County. This is double the are interrelated and minimum of two collecting therefore difficult to stations for any county by evalulate individually, but Hale (16). An attempt was there is a pronounced change made to properly distribute in the lichen flora between these stations within the eastern and western counties and between adjacent limits of the study area. counties. Over 1,000 specimens were collected and are being PROCEDURES deposited with the lichen collection in the Department Collecting stations were of Botany and Plant Pathology selected in each county, of Oklahoma State University, with desirability as a with duplicates of most of collecting site being given these being kept in the primary consideration. author’s private collection. General County Highway Maps The seasonal aspect is were used to determine the important primarily because general collecting areas; some lichens have mature then a survey of each of spores only during certain these was made to determine seasons of the year (28). a collecting station. This Collecting was done at three normally consisted of the different times: (1) from area immediately around a late May to early Auugust, stream or draw so that 1959; (2) November, 1959; and collecting could be done (3) April 1960. from trees, rocks, and Seventy-four collecting partially shaded soil since stations were visited nearly all lichens grow best including at least four on one of these sugbstrates. stations for each county Less frequently, areas were during the summer. After the collected from where rock degree of repetition was was the predominant determined to be unusually

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 11 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 high among neighboring 6. A wooded ravine near a stations used in the summer, county road west of highway it was decided that a 99, 12 miles north of considerably smaller number Pawhuska in Osage County, of stations would sufficie May 26, 1959; November 21, during subsequent collection 1959’ April 13, 1960 periods. Twenty-one stations were visited during the 7. Along a creek in Osage fall. This included one new Hills State Park, two miles station in Kingfisher south of highway 60 in Osage County, and two stations County, May 26, 1959; April previously visited in each 14, 1960. of the other counties. 8. Sandstone bluffs near Eighteen stations including highway 99, four miles three new areas were visited southeast of Pawhuska in in the spring. This included Osage County, May 27, 1959. at least one in each county. The 78 collecting areas 9. Sandstone outcrops near are shown in Fig. 4. Their highway 20, 12 miles west of descriptions, locations, and Pawhuska in Osage County, dates visited are as May 27, 1959. follows: 10. Along Bird Creek, four 1. A wooded hillside near miles east of Foraker in highway 99, two miles Osage County, May 25, 1959. northeast of Cleveland, in 11. Along a small stream, Osage County, May 25, 1959; three miles north and two November 21, 1959. miles west of Webb City, In 2. Along a small stream, Kay County, May 27, 1959. three miles south of Wild 12. Around Phillips Lake, two Horse store in Osage miles south of Shidler in County, May 25, 1959. Osage County, May 27, 1959. 3. A wooded hillside with 13. Along the Salt Fork limestone outcrops near River, two miles south of highway 20, five miles west Lamont in Grant County, May of Skiatook, in Osage 28, 1959; November 26, 1959. County, May 25, 1959; April 12, 1960. 14. Along Deer Creek, 13 miles north of Lamont in 4. A blackjack thicket near Grant County, May 28, 1959. highway 23, two miles north of Barnsdall in Osage 15. Along Crooked Creek, County, May, 25, 1959. three miles west of Wakita in Grant County, May 28, 5. Postoak woods, one mile 1959. west of Hula Dam near highway 10 in Osage County, 16. Along a wooded draw near May 26, 1959. highway 81, one mile south

Keck, D.W. 12 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 of Medford in Grant County, 26. Postoak woods near May 28, 1959. highway 33, one mile north of Coyle in Payne County, 17. Along the Salt Fork June 1, 1959. River, two miles north of Pond Creek in Grant County, 27. Along Cottonwood Creek, May 28, 1959; November 26, three miles south and one- 1959. half mile west of Guthrie in Logan County, June 1, 1959. 18. Along the Salt Fork River, three miles north of 28. Along Bear Creek, one- Nash in Grant County, May fourth mile west of Meridian 29, 1959. in Logan County, June 1, 1959; November 28, 1959. 19. A wooded ravine, three miles southeast of 29. A wooded draw, one-half mile south of highway 105 - Hillsdale in Garfield 40 junction, three miles County, May 19, 1959. west of Tryon in Lincoln County, June 2, 1959; 20. Along Turkey Creek, November 28, 1959. three miles north of Drummond in Garfield 30. Sandstone outcrops near County, May 29, 1959. highway 40, one mile north of Warwick in Lincoln 21. Along Turkey Creek, County, June 2, 1959. eight miles southeast of Drummond in Garfield 31. Along Quapaw Creek north County, May 29, 1959; of highway 62, six miles November 26, 1959. west of Meeker in Lincoln 22. Along Wolf Creek, three County, June 2, 1959. miles southeast of Douglas 32. Postoak woods near in Garfield County, May 29, highway 18, three miles 1959. south of Chandler in Lincoln 23. Open woods near County, June 2, 1959; Breckenridge, eight miles November 12, 1959. northeast of Enid in 33. A persimmon grove, three Garfield County, May 29, miles south and one-half 1959. mile west of Avery in 24. Along Red Rock Creek, Lincoln County, June 5, eight miles north of Garber 1959. in Garfield County, May 29, 34. Postoak woods near 1959. highway 27, three and one- 25. A rocky ravine near half miles east of Shamrock highway 64, three miles in Creek County, June 5, southeast of Covington in 1959; November 24, 1959. Garfield County, May 29, 35. A rocky ravine near the 1959; April 15, 1960. Cimarron River, eight miles

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 13 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

northeast of Cushing in 45. Along Cooper Creek, one- Payne County, June 5, 1959. half mile south of Loyal in Kingfisher County, June 9, 36. A wooded ravine, one 1959. mile west of highway 99 near Arlington in Lincoln 46. A wooded draw, two and County, June 6, 1959; April one-half miles south of 11, 1960. highway 33, ten miles west of Kingfisher in Kingfisher 37. Postoak woods, three County, June 9, 1959. miles south and nine miles east of Stroud, in Creek 47. A wooded ravine between County, June 6, 1959. highway 33 and the Cimarron River, 15 miles east of 38. Postoak woods, five Kingfisher in Kingfisher miles south and three miles County, June 9, 1959; April east of Bristow in Creek 16, 1960. County, June 6, 1959. 48. A rocky draw, one mile 39. A wooded ravine near south of highway 74 – 33 highway 66, eight miles junction, ten miles west of northeast of Bristow in Guthrie in Logan County, Creek County, June 6, 1959. June 9, 1959. 40. Postoak woods, two miles 49. Postoak woods, two miles west of Sapulpa and one- north of Crescent in Logan half mile south of highway County, June 9, 1959; April 66 in Creek County, June 6, 16, 1960. 1959. 50. Sandstone bluffs near 41. Along Bridge Creek near highway 77, eight miles highway 51, 21 miles east north of Guthrie in Logan of Hennessey, in Logan Countyk, June 9, 1959. County, June 8, 1959; November 28, 1959. 51. Along Black Bear Creek, one mile north of Morrison 42. Along Skeleton Creek, in Noble County, June 14, seven miles east and two 1959. miles south of Hennessey in Kingfisher County, June 8, 52. Along the Arkansas River, 1959; November 26, 1959. ten miles south and three miles east of Ponca City in 43. Along Turkey Creek, two Noble County, June 13, 1959. miles west of Kingfisher in Kingfisher County, June 8, 53. A wooded draw, six miles 1959; November 26, 1959. east and three miles south of Billings in Noble County, 44. Postoak woods, two miles June 13, 1959; November 26, southeast of Dover in 1959. Kingfisher County, June 8, 1959. 54. A rocky ravine, near highway 64, five miles west

Keck, D.W. 14 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 of Perry in Noble County, of Mannford in Creek County, June 13, 1959; April 15, August 6, 1959, April 12, 1960. 1960. 55. A wooded draw, near 64. A wooded hillside, one highway 64, five miles east mile west of highway 99 and of Perry in Noble County, four miles north of Hominy June 13, 1959; April 15, in Osage County, August 6, 1960. 1959. 56. A wooded ravine, four 65. Along Gray Horse Creek, miles northeast of Ripley seven miles east of Fairfax in Payne County, June 26, in Osage County, August 6, 1959; November 24, 1959; 1959. April 11, 1960. 66. Rocky bluffs near the 57. A rocky draw near Arkansas River, five miles highway 108, four miles west of Fairfax in Osage south of Glencoe in Payne County, August, 6, 1959. County, July 7, 1959. 67. Along the Arkansas River 58. A wooded draw, two miles near highway 60, nine miles north of Maramec in Pawnee east of Ponca City in Osage County, July 7, 1959; County, August 6, 1959. November 21, 1959. 68. Along the Salt Fork River 59. Wooded draw and hillside near highway 77, five miles near highway 64, six miles northeast of Marland in Kay southeast of Cleveland in County, August 8, 1959. Pawnee County, July 7, 69. Along the Salt Fork 1959; April 12, 1960. River, two miles southwest 60. A wooded ravine near the of Tonkawa in Kay County, Arkansas River, one mile August 8, 1959. north of Blackburn in 70. A wooded draw near Pawnee County, July 7, highway 11, three miles 1959. west of Blackwell in Kay 61. Sandstone bluffs, along County, August 8, 1959. highway 15, eight miles 71. Along the Chikaskia north of Morrison, in River, two miles west of Pawnee County, July 7, Braman in Kay County, August 1959; November 21, 1959. 8;, 1959. 62. Along the Arkansas 72. Along Deer Creek, four River, five miles southeast miles northeast of Newkirk of Oilton, in Creek County, in Kay County, August 8, August 6, 1959; November 1959. 24, 1959. 73. Along the Arkansas River, 63. Sandstone bluffs near six miles south and six highway 51, two miles west miles east of Newkirk in Kay

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 15 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

County, August 8, 1959; the study area. Only November 21, 1959; April Candelaria fibrosa, Parmelia 13, 1960. bolliana, Physcia syncolla, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, 74. A wooded ravine, four and Xanthoria candelaria were miles west and one mile collected in each county. south of Stillwater in Others which are widely Payne County, August 8, distributed, occurring in at 1959; October 9, 1959. least eight counties, are 75. A wooded draw near Acarospora citrina, Caloplaca highway 81, seven miles aurantiaca, Candelaria north of Enid in Garfield concolor (two varieties), County, November 26, 1959. Lecanora muralis, Parmelia reticulate, Physcia aipolia, 76. Along a rocky wooded P. ciliata, P. orbicularis, draw, one-fourth mile P. Tribacoides, and P. southwest of Tuskegee in stellaris. Creek County, April 11, A total of 64 species were 1960. found in three counties or 77. Along the side and top less, and 30 of these were of a tall rocky hill, one collected in only one county mile west of Mounds in each. Table I lists all Creek County, April 11, species found and their 1960. occurrence by counties. 78. Along a rocky draw, six miles northwest of Renfrow Corticolous Species in Grant County, April 15, Growth Forms 1960. Foliose ECOLOGY The foliose forms occurring primarily on trees, but The area studied has many occasionally on rocks, are variations in habitat. These Anaptychia granulifera, A. include timberland and heterochroa, A. hypoleuca, A. grassland, a considerable speciosa, Candelaria concolor range in average rainfall, var. concolor, C. concolor different types of rocks var. effuse, C. fibrosa, such as limestone, Collema conglomeratum, c. sandstone, and loosely subfurvum, Dermatocarpon compacted silty clay, with tuckermani, Leptogium shaded and exposed soil, and chloromelum, L. cyanescens, each having at least some Parmelia bolliana, P. species restricted to that caperata, P. haitiensis, P. particular environment. reticulate, P. rudecta, As a consequence of this Physcia aipolia, P. ciliate, diversity, few lichen P. elaeina, P. grisea, P. species are widespread in millegrana, P. orgicularis,

Keck, D.W. 16 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 P. tribacoides, P. change from a more luxuriant stellaris, P. syncolla, lichen flora in the Ozarks Pyxine caesiopruinosa, where Hale (16) collected 63 Teloschistes chrysophthalmus species, which included all (fruticose), and Xanthoria but three of the above group. candelaria. He found 47 of these in six Candelaria concolor, C. eastern Oklahoma counties. fibrosa, Parmelia bolliana, Only 11 of the 29 occur in P. reticulate, Physcia Grant, Garfield, and aipolia, P. orbicularis, P. Kingfisher counties. tribacoides, P. stellaris, P. syncolla, Teloschistes Crustose chrysophthalmus, and Crustose lichens found on Xanthoria candelaria occur trees include Allarthonia generally throughout the caesia, Buellia punctata, B. area with Parmelia bolliana schaereri, Caloplaca and P. reticulate being more aurantiaca, C. cerina, C. abundant in the east (the chrysophthalma, C. Sandstone Hills region) than microphylina, C. ulmorum, elsewhere, and Physcia Candelariella xanthostigma, aipolia, P. syncolla, and Crocynia membranacea, Xanthoria candelaria more Lecanora hageni, L. abundant in the west (the piniperda, L. subfusca, L. Redbeds Plains area). varia, Lepraria chlorine, Extreme east refers to one Graphis scripta, Pertusaria or more of Creek, Pawnee, leioplaca, P. multipuncta, and Osage counties. and P. pustulata. Westernmost refers to one or Only Caloplaca aurantiaca more of Grant, Garfield, and was found in some abundance Kingfisher counties. throughout the area, while C. Those occurring only in chrysophthalma, C. the extreme east include microphylina, Lecanora Anapptychia granulifera, A. hageni, L. varia, Pertusaria hypoleuca, Dermatocarpon leioplaca, P. multipuncta, tuckermani, Physcia and P. pustulata also millegrana, and Pyxine occurred scattered in several caesiopruinosa. counties. Caloplaca Other occurring over a microphylina occurred only in wider area, but not found in the west while the others the west are Anaptychia occurred primarily in the heterochroa, Collema east. conglomeratum, C. subfurvum, Other species were Leptogium chloromelum, L. collected infrequently but cyanescens, Parmelia indicated the following caperata, P. haitiensis, P. distributional pattern: rudecta, and Physcia grisea. Allarthonia caesia, Crocynia The 29 “macro-corticolous” membranacea, Lecanora lichens indicate the gradual

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 17 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 piniperda, L. subfusca, Saxicolous Species Lepraria chlorine, Graphis Growth Forms scripta, Pertusaria Foliose leioplaca, P. multipuncta, Lichen species growing on and P. pustulata occurred rocks about equal the number only in the east, and growing on trees, but there Candelariella xanthostigma is a greater proportion of only in the west. crustose species. There are only a few that can properly Microhabitat be termed foliose; however, Most of the foliose forms several others which approach were found on rough bark of this form are called various woody species “squamulose” or “near- although Teloschistes foliose”. The first term chrysophthalmus and applies to small bits of Xanthoria candelaria were thallus that have the same often found on dead twigs or morphology as a foliose bark of dead trees. lichen except that it is much Crustose forms were smaller in diameter. The divided into three latter term applies to those categories: Caloplaca forms that have a poorly microphylina, Buellia developed thallus in the punctata, and B. schaereri center but are thicker and which were found n decaying lobed at the margins. fence posts or old stumps; Lichens growing on rocks in Allarthonia caesia, Lecanora the above categories are hageni, L. piniperda, L. Dermatocarpon miniatum, subfusca, Graphis scripta, Endocarpon pusillum, Heppia Pertusaria leioplaca, and P. hassei, Lecanora muralis, L. pustulata which were found rubina, Lecidea rufonigra, L. on smooth bark such as the russellii, Parmelia younger parts of hickory conspersa, P. isidiata, P. (Carya sp.), hackberry obsessa, P. stenophylla, (Celtis laevigata), redbud Physcia halei, P. subtilis, (Cercis canadensis), and red P. teretiuscula, and Rinodina oak (Quercus sp.); and oreina. Caloplaca aurantiaca, c. Lecanora muralis is the cerina, c. ulmorum, and only species that occurs Pertusaria multipuncta which throughout the area. There were found on rough bark are only a few species in the such as post oak (Quercus west but this likely reflects stellata), blackjack (Q. the extreme scarcity of rocks marilandica), cottonwood in the three westernmost (Populus deltoids), and elm counties. None of the species (Ulmus Americana). occurs primarily in the west, but Lecidea rufonigra, L. russellii, Endocarpon

Keck, D.W. 18 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 pusillum, and Heppia hassei and Sarcogyne clavus are are rather intermediate relatively widespread, but while the other species are somewhat more abundant in the found exclusively in the east. Lecanora calcarea is east. also widespread, but more According to Weaver and frequent in the west. Others Clements (33), foliose forms occurring less frequently but normally follow crustose still not confined to a small forms in a xerosere, but area are Acarospora fuscata, Oosting and Anderson (26) Caloplaca flavovirescens, and indicate that crustose forms Lecanora dispersa. sometimes decay a rock in The other species were such a way that this collected only a few times succession is not followed. each, or in a small area, Both conditions were found with the following in the study area. distribution pattern: Acarospora smaragdula, Crustose Bacidia granosa, Buellia novomexicana, B. spuria, B. The crustose rock forms stigmaea, Lecania include the following californica, Lecanora atra, species: Acarospora citrine, L. melanea, Pertusaria A. fuscata, A. smaragdula, pertusa, and Verrucaria Bacidia granosa, B. umbrina, calciseda are found only in Buellia alboatra, B. the east, while Buellia novomexicana, B. alboatra and B. vilis are retrovertens, B. spuria, B. found only in the west. Many stigmaea, B. vilis, in this group occupy an Caloplaca arizonica, C. intermediate to somewhat decipiens, C. easterly position. flavovirencens, C. lobulata, C. murorum, Candelariella vitellina, Diploschistes Types of Rock actinostomus, d. scruposus, var. scruposus, Lecania Another important californica, L. perproxima, consideration is the type of Lecanora atra, L. calcarea, rock. Those species found on L. dispersa, L. melaena, limestone are Bacidia Lecidea tesselina, granosa, Buellia alboatra, B. Pertusaria pertusa, P. vilis, Dermatocarpon velata, Placynthium nigrum, miniatum, Heppia hassei, Sarcogyne clavus, S. Lecania californica, L. pruinosa, S. simplex, perproxima, Lecanora Verrucaria calsiceda, and V. calcarea, and Verrucaria nigrescens. calsiceda. Acarospora citrine, Those found on both Candelariella vitellina, sandstone and limestone are Diploschistes actinostomus, Acaropsora fuscata, Caloplaca murorum, Endocarpon pusillum,

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 19 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Lecanora muralis, Lecidea westernmost counties, russellii, Placynthium although sterile, nigrum, and Sarcogyne unidentifiable specimens were pruinosa, while the found only a few miles away remaining 35 species in this in adjacent counties. group are confined to Coccocarpia cronia, which sandstone. also occurs on tree bases, There was a slight and Diploschistes scruposus north to south variation var. bryophila occur only in since most of the limestone the east and grow among was found in the north. mosses over sandstone. Staurothele diffractella, s. umbrina, Dermatocarpon Terricolous Species hepaticum, and Lecidea The remaining species of decipiens were found on lichens grow on soil or exposed soil, and occur only loosely compacted silty in the west. clay, sometimes being closely associated with rocks but not attached SUMMARY directly to them. Over 1000 specimens of Included are Cladonia lichens were collected in an apodocarpa, C. capitata, C. 11-county area of North chlorophaea, C. fimbriata, Central Oklahoma during 1959- C. subcariosa, C. subtenuis, 60. this included 111 species C. uncialis, Coccocarpia and varieties representing 34 cronia, Dermatocarpon genera and 20 families. Their hepaticum, Diploschistes identificfation involved the scruposus, var. bryophila, use of 24 monographic studies Lecidea decipiens, Peltigera and other taxonomic canina, Staurothele literature. Keys to various diffreactella, and S. taxa and a list of all umbrina. species are included. The The Cladonia species occur order of listing families primarily on thin, moist, follows Fink (10) with shaded soil overlying nomenclature following Hale sandstone. Cladonia capitata and Culberson (13). Families and C. chlorophaea are having the greatest number of readily found in the east species and varieties are with C. subcariosa being Physciaceae 17, Lecanoraceae restricted to a smaller area 14, Parmeliaceae 12, and also of less frequent Caloplacaceae 10, and occurrence. The other Buelliaceae 9. These five species are very infrequent families contain 56 per cent and occur only in the of all species found. Table I extreme west. No Cladonia shows the distribution by species were found in counties for each taxon. A

Keck, D.W. 20 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 tablular view of families is for a species, each substrate shown in Table II. is cited only once, and The specimens are being specimens without the deposited with the lichen substrate immediately collection of the Department of following the collecting Botany and Plant Pathology at number have the same Oklahoma State University, and substrate as the one duplicates of most of these are previously listed. Taxa in the author’s private collection. Only five species preceded by an asterisk have were collected in each county, not been previously reported while ten othrs were collected as components of the Oklahoma in at least eight counties. lichen flora. Those species Sixty-four species were among this group not followed collected in three counties or by special literature less and 30 of these were citations were not included collected in only one county in other literature pertinent each. There was a much more to Oklahoma lichens. (11, 14, luxuriant lichen flora in the 15, 16, 18, 20). east than in the west, with little north to south variation. Ecological relationships are discussed and remarks on location and habitat Pyrenulales are given for each species in Verrucariaceae the “List of Species and *Verrucaria calsiceda DC.[= V. Habitats”. calciseda DC.] is represented by Fifty-nine additions were Keck 68 on limestone, five made to the lichen flora of miles west of Skiatook, in Oklahoma. These are given Osage County. special reference in the keys. *Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. is represented by Keck 36 on LISTOFSPECIESAND sandstone, two miles HABITATS northeast of Cleveland, in Osage County, and by Keck [Ed. note: Nomenclature 1075 on limestone, six miles updated in 2006 by Douglas M. northwest of Renfrow in Ladd is in brackets] Grant County. The order of listing *Staurothele diffractella families follows Fink (10) (Nyl.) Tuck. is represented while nomenclature follows by Keck 519 on poorly Hale and Culberson (13). cemented silty clay, 15 Each number is a collecting miles east of Kingfisher in number for a specimen. These Kingfisher County. are referred to only for species which represent Staurothele umbrina (Ach.) [= S. fissa (Taylor) Zwackh] additions to the lichen Tuck. ; on flora of Oklahoma. When more poorly cemented silty clay; than one specimen is cited Kingfisher County.

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 21 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Dermatocarpaceae store, and Keck 849 on *Dermatocarpon hepaticum redbud, 12 miles north of (Ach.) Th. Fr. [= Catapyrenium Pawhuska, both in Osage cinereum (Pers.) Körber, but these County. reports probably refer, at least in part, to Placidium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss] Graphidaceae is represented by Keck 995 *Graphis scripta (L.)Ach. is on exposed soil, two miles represented by Keck 678 on west of Kingfisher in hackberry, one mile Kingfisher County. northwest of Blackburn in *Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Pawnee County, and by Keck Mann. [reports on calcareous 939 on red oak, four miles substrates probably refer to D. northeast of Ripley in Payne muhlenbergii (Ach.) Műll. Arg.] is County. represented by Keck 76 on limestone, five miles west Lecanorales of Skiatook, in Osage Diploschistaceae County, and Keck 1056, six *Diploschistes actinostomus miles south and six miles (Pers.)Zahl.[(Ach.) Zahlbr.] is east of Newkirk, in Kay represented by Keck 16 on County. sandstone, two miles east of Cleveland, in Osage County, Dermatocarpon tuckermani and by Keck 440, 361, 536, (Rav.) Zahl.[= Placidium arboretum 584, and 672 in Creek, (Michener) Lendemer]; on post Lincoln, Logan, Noble, and oak, in Osage County. Pawnee counties, Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. respectively. [local reports probably refer to E. Diploschistes scruposus pallidulum (Nyl.) Nyl.] is (Schreb.) Norm., var. represented by Keck 374 on scruposus; on sandstone; sandstone, one mile north Lincoln, Logan, Osage, and of Warwick in Lincoln Payne counties. County, and by Keck 762 on limestone, four miles *Diploschistes scruposus northeast of Newkirk in Kay (Schreb.) Norm., var. County. bryophila (Ehrh.) Ach. [= D. muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.] is Hysteriales represented by Keck 792 over Arthoniaceae mosses, five miles southwest *Allarthonia caesia Fw. [= of Stillwater in Payne Arthonia caesia (Flotow) Körber] is County, and by Keck 345 over represented by Keck 915 on Cladonia sp. three and one- persimmon (Diospyros half miles southwest of virginiana), five miles Tryon in Lincoln County. southeast of Oilton, in Creek County; by Keck 57 on Collemaceae (5) willow (Salix nigra), three Collema conglomeratum Hoffm.: miles south of Wild Horse on post oak; Lincoln,

Keck, D.W. 22 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 Pawnee, Lincoln, Pawnee, Galloway]; on moss-covered and Payne counties. sandstone; Creek County. Collema subfurvum (Mull. Peltigeraceae (31) Arg.) Degel. [= C. subflaccidum Peltigera canina (L.) Willd.; Degl.]; on post oak and red [probably P. praetextata (Flörke ex cedar (Juniperus Sommerf.) Zopf]; on shaded mossy virginiana); Creek, banks, usually overlying Lincoln, Osage, and Payne sandstone; Creek, Pawnee, counties. and Payne counties. *Leptogium chloromelum (Sw.) Nyl. [occurs rarely in midcontinental Lecideaceae North America; L. millegranum Sierk is Lecidea decipens (Ehrh.) Ach. more common] is represented [= Psora decipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.]; on by Keck 614 on cedar, four open soil over Dermatocarpon miles northeast of Ripley hepaticum; Grant, in Payne County, and by Kingfisher, and Noble Keck 796 on post oak, three counties. miles south of Chandler in Lecidea rufonigra (Tuck.)Nyl. Lincoln County. [= Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Leptogium cyanescens (Ach.) Schneid.] is represented by Keck Khr. [(Rabenh.) Körber]; on post 1010 on sandstone, one-half oak; Lincoln County. mile southwest of Tuskegee in Creek County. Heppiaceae Lecidea russellii Tuck. [= Psora *Heppia hassei Zahl. [= Peltula russellii (Tuck.) A. Schneid., a terricolous obscurans Nyl. var. hassei (Zahlbr.) species – these reports of saxicolous Wetmore] is represented by populations refer to Psora pseudorussellii Keck 1067 on limestone, six Timdal]; on sandstone and miles northwest of Renfrow limestone; Lincoln, Logan, in Grant County, and by and Osage counties. Keck 78 and 268 from Osage *Lecidea tesselina Tuck. [= and Garfield counties, Lecanora oreinoides (Körber) Hertel & respectively. Rambold] is represented by Keck 10 on sandstone, two Pannariaceae miles east of Cleveland, in *Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Osage County, and by Keck S. Gray is represented by 113, 143, 871, and 880 at Keck 1075B on limestone, other locations in Osage six miles northwest of County. Renfrow in Grant County, and by Keck 1081 on loosely *Bacidia granosa (Tuck.) compacted silty clay, 15 Zahl. [= Bacidia coprodes (Körber) miles east of Kingfisher in Lettau] is represented by Keck Kingfisher County. 75 on limestone, five miles west of Skiatook, in Osage *Coccocarpia cronia Tuck. [= C. County. palmicola (Sprengel) Arv. & D.J.

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 23 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

*Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) County, and by Keck 392C and Bausch [= Scoliciosporum umbrinum) 663B in Lincoln and Pawnee Ach.) Arnold] is represented by counties, respectively. Keck 586 on sandstone, *Cladonia subtenuis (des seven miles west of Perry Abbayes) Evans [(Abbayes) Mattick] in Noble County. is represented by Keck 847 Cladoniaceae (16, 24) on slightly shaded soil, 12 *Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins miles north of Pawhuska in is represented by Keck 1053 Osage County. on shaded soil, 12 miles *Cladonia uncialis (L.) Web. north of Pawhuska in Osage [(L.) F.H.Wigg.] is represented by County, and by Keck 1046, Keck 1054 on slightly shaded one mile west of Mounds in soil, 12 miles north of Creek County. Pawhuska in Osage County. *Cladonia capitata (Michx.) Spreng. [= C. peziziformis (With.) J.R. Acarosporaceae Laundon] is represented by Sarcogyne clavus (Ram.) Keck 784 on shaded soil, Krmph. is represented by five miles southwest of Keck 29 on sandstone, two Stillwater in Payne County miles east of Cleveland, in and by Keck 100, 663, 998, Osage County, and by Keck and 1037 in Osage, Pawnee, 465, 289, 359, 540, 595, and Logan, and Lincoln 674 in Creek, Garfield, counties, respectively. Lincoln, Logan, Noble, and Pawnee counties, Cladonia chlorophaea (Fik.) respectively. Spreng. [possibly including or consisting of this species and/or C. *Sarcogyne pruinosa (Sm.) cryptochlorophaea Asahina and C. grayi Kbr. [=S. regularis Körber.] is G. Merr.]; on thin soil over represented by Keck 725 on sandstone; Creek, Lincoln, sandstone, seven miles east Osage, Pawnee, and Payne of Fairfax in Osage county, counties. and by Keck 271 and 1073 on *Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. limestone, in Garfield and [possibly, but not known from Oklahoma; Grant counties, these reports more likely refer to the C. respectively. chlorophaea complex (see previous entry] is represented by Keck Sarcogyne simplex (Dav.) Nyl. 388 on thin soil over [= Polysporina simplex Davies) Vězda]; sandstone, three miles on sandstone; Logan County. south of Chandler in Acarospora citrina (Tayl.) Lincoln County. Zahl.; on sandstone; Creek, *Cladonia subcariosa Nyl. [= Garfield, Lincoln, Logan, C. polycarpoides Nyl.] is Noble, Osage, Pawnee, and represented by Keck 26 on Payne counties. shaded soil, two miles east of Cleveland, in Osage

Keck, D.W. 24 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 *Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) plittiana Erichsen, and the sandstone Arn. [(Schrader) Arnold] is substrate cited here indicates a similar represented by Keck 82 on possibility]; on sandstone; Creek limestone, five miles west and Payne counties. of Skiatook, and Keck 2 on *Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) sandstone, two miles east Duby is represented by Keck of Cleveland, both in Osage 415 on post oak, three and County, and Keck 1033, 659, one-half miles east of and 642 in Lincoln, Pawnee, Shamrock in Creek County, and Payne counties and by Keck 368, 128, 669, respectively. and 269 on various woody *Acarospora smaragdula (Wh.) species in Lincoln, Osage, Th. Fr. is represented by Pawnee, and Payne counties Keck 40 on sandstone, two respectively. miles east of Cleveland, in *Pertusaria velata (Turn.) Osage County, and by Keck Nyl. is represented by Keck 368 and 653 in Lincoln and 1028 on sandstone, one mile Pawnee counties, northwest of Ripley in Payne respectively. County.

Pertusariaceae Lecanoraceae *Pertusaria leioplaca Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach. [= (Ach.)DC. [DC.; this report may Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner]; on include or consist of P. paratuberculifera sandstone; Creek County. Dibben, which is locally common on hardwoods in the eastern portion of the *Lecanora calcarea (L.)Smrft. study area] is represented by [=Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd; local Keck 13 on blackjack oak, reports may include or consist of A. two miles east of contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp.) is Cleveland, in Osage County, represented by Keck 66 on and by Keck 464, 382, 573, limestone, five miles west and 611 on various woody of Skiatook, in Osage species in Creek, Lincoln, County, and by Keck 270, Noble, and Payne counties, 1070, 531, 558, and 905 in respectively. Garfield, Grant, Logan, Noble, and Pawnee counties, Pertusaria multipuncta respectively. (Turn.) Nyl.; [= P. multipunctoides Diben] on *Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) blackjack oak, post oak, Rohl. [= (Pers.) Sommerf.] is and hickory; Creek, represented by Keck 240 on Lincoln, Osage, and Payne cement, three miles counties. southwest of Hillsdale in Garfield County, and by Keck Pertusaria pertusa (L.) 538, 582, and 728 on Tuck.[North American reports of this sandstone, in Logan, Noble, taxon are based on misidentifications; several pre-1980 Missouri specimens and Osage counties determined as this species are actually P. respectively.

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 25 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Lecanora hageni Ach.; [= L. Lecanora varia (Ehrh.) hagenii (Ach.) Ach.]on hickory, Ach.[(Hoffm.) Ach.; almost certainly hackberry, persimmon, pecan refers to L. strobilina (Sprengel.) Keiffer]; (Carya illinoensis), red on hickory, persimmon, post cedar, and various oaks; oak, plum (Prunus sp.), Creek, Kay, Lincoln, Noble, birch (Betula nigra), and Payne counties. redbud, ash, and cedar; Creek, Kay, Lincoln, Osage, *Lecanora melaena (Hedl.) Pawnee, and Payne counties. Fink is represented by Keck 38 on sandstone, two *Lecania californica (Zahl.) miles east of Cleveland, in Fink is represented by Keck Osage county. 71 on limestone, five miles west of Skiatook, in Osage Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) County. Rabh.; on sandstone and limestone; Creek, Garfield, *Lecania perproxima Kay, Logan, Noble, Osage, (Nyl.)Zahl. is represented Pawnee, and Payne counties. by Keck 1015 on sandstone, one-half mile west of *Lecanora piniperda Kbr. [Brodo et al. (2001) restrict the range of Meridian in Logan County. this taxon to boreal North America and *Candelariella vitellina the Rocky mountains] is (Ehrh.) Mull Arg. [(Hoffm.) Műll. represented by Keck 414 on Arg.]; on sandstone; Creek, post oak, three and one- Garfield, Lincoln, Logan, half miles southwest of Noble, Osage, Pawnee, and Avery in Lincoln County, Payne counties. and by Keck 853 on redbud, 12 miles north of Pawhuska *Candelariella xanthostigma in Osage County. (Pers.) Lett. [(Ach.) Lettau] is *Lecanora rubina (Vill.) represented by Keck 188 over Ach. [= Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Physcia sp. on cottonwood, Zopf] is represented by Keck two miles south of Lamont in 117 on sandstone, 12 miles Grant County. north of Pawhuska in Osage County, and by Keck 948 and Parmeliaceae 686 in Noble and Pawnee Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) counties, respectively. [(Dicks.) Stein.] Arn. Var. concolor; on elm, soapberry, Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach. (Sapindus drummondii), red [= L. allophana Nyl., but probably refers cedar, hackberry, willow, to L. hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo]; on birch, mulberry (Morus hackberry, persimmon, red rubra), post oak, and oak, hickory, redbud, ash blackjack oak; Creek, (Fraxinus americana), and Garfield, Grant, Kingfisher, red cedar; Creek, Kay, Logan, Noble, and Osage Lincoln, Osage, Pawnee, and counties. Payne counties.

Keck, D.W. 26 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 *Candelaria concolor northeast of Ripley in Payne (Dicks.) Arn. var. effuse County, and by Keck 418, (Tuck.) Merr. & Burnh. is 348, and 841 on post oak or represented by Keck 982 on black jack in Creek, Willow, three miles Lincoln, and Osage counties, southeast of Hillsdale in respectively. Garfield County, and by Parmelia isidiata (Anzi) Keck 323 on elm and 899 on Gyel.; on sandstone; Logan, bois-d’Arc in Logan and Noble, and Pawnee counties. Pawnee counties, respectively. Parmelia obsessa (Ach.); [= Myelochroa obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale]; Candelaria fibrosa (Fr.) on sandstone; Creek County. Mull. Arg.; on most woody species and on sandstone; Parmelia reticulate (Tayl.)[= Creek, Garfield, Grant, Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) M. Kay, Kingfisher, Lincoln, Choisy]; on blackjack oak, Logan, Noble, Osage, post oak, redbud, elm, red Pawnee, and Payne counties. cedar, and sandstone; Creek, Kay, Kingfisher, Lincoln, Parmelia bolliana Mull. Logan, Noble, Osage, Pawnee, Arg.; [= Punctelia bolliana (Műll. Arg.) and Payne counties. Krog and/or Punctelia graminicola (de Lesd.) Egan]; on most woody Parmelia rudecta Ach. [Punctelia species and on sandstone; rudecta (Ach.) Krog; may also include Creek, Garfield, Grant, Punctelia missouriensis G. Wilh. & Ladd]; Kay, Kingfisher, Lincoln, on blackjack oak and Logan, Noble, Osage, sandstone; Lincoln, Osage, Pawnee, and Payne counties. and Payne counties. Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach.; Parmelia stenophylla (Achl.) [= Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale Heug. [= Xanthoparmelia and/or F. baltimorensis (Gyeln. & Fơriss.) viriduloumbrina (Gyeln.) Lendemer]; on Hale; blackjack oak, sandstone; Osage County. sandstone, and thin soil overlying sandstone; Creek, Caloplacaceae Lincoln, Osage, and Payne *Caloplaca arizonica Rudolph counties. non Magn. [possibly C. subsoluta (Nyl.) Parmelia conspersa Zahlbr.] is represented by Keck (Ehrh.)Ach.[= Xanthoparmelia 94 on sandstone, two miles conspersa (Ach.) Hale; may refer to other north of Barnsdall in Osage isidiate taxa of Xanthoparmelia, with a county, and by Keck 1007 and dark lower cortex, such as X. mexicana 813 in Logan and Pawnee (Gyeln.) Hale]; on sandstone; counties, respectively. Creek and Osage counties. Caloplaca aurantiaca *Parmelia haitiensis (Hale)[= (Lightf.) Th. Fr.[= C. Parmotrema hatiense (Hale) Hale] is flavorubescens (Huds.) J.R. Laundon]; represented by Keck 944 on on most woody species; sandstone, four miles Creek, Garfield, Grant, Kay,

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 27 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Kingfisher, Lincoln, Logan, County, and by Keck 220, Noble, Osage, and Payne 757, 510, 410, and 576, counties. primarily on fence posts and dead wood, in Grant, Kay, Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh.) Th. Kingfisher, Lincoln, and Fr.; on elm and cottonwood; Noble counties, Garfield and Grant respectively. counties. Caloplaca murorum (Hoffm.) *Caloplaca chrysophthalma Th. Fr.; [= C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin Degel. [while this taxon is frequent in (may represent misidentification)] the region, it is a corticolous species] on is represented by Keck 462, sandstone and limestone; 748,835,689, and 308 on Garfield, Osage, and Payne various woody species in counties. Creek, Kay, Osage, Pawnee, *Caloplaca ulmorum Fink [(Fink) and Payne counties, Fink] is represented by Keck respectively. 233 on cottonwood, three *Caloplaca dicipiens miles southeast of Hillsdale (Arn.)Jatta. [(Arnold) Blomb. & in Garfield County, and by Forss.] is represented by Keck 178, 746, 521, 417, and Keck 583 and 597 on 155 on elm, cottonwood, and sandstone, seven miles west dead wood in Grant, Kay of Perry in Noble County. Kingfisher, Logan, and Osage counties, respectively. *Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulf.) D.T. & S. is Teloschistaceae (30) represented by Keck 4 on Teloschistes chrysophthalmus sandstone, two miles east (L.) Th. Fr.; on various of Cleveland, in Osage woody species especially County, and by Keck 432, dead twigs; Creek, Garfield, 1012, and 568 from Creek, Grant, Kay, Kingfisher, Lincoln, and Noble Lincoln, Logan, Noble, counties, respectively. Osage, Pawnee, and Payne *Caloplaca lobulata counties. (Floerke) Hellb. [(Flörke) de Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Lesd.]is represented by Keck Arn. [possibly Xanthomendoza fulva 92 on sandstone, two miles (Hoffm.) Søchting or Xanthomendoza fallax north of Barnsdall in Osage (Hepp) Søchting]; on various County, and by Keck 376, woody species, especially 527, and 814 from Lincoln, bark of dead trees; Creek, Logan, and Pawnee counties, Garfield, Grant, Kay, respectively. Kingfisher, Lincoln, Logan, *Caloplaca microphylina Noble, Osage, Pawnee, and (Tuck.) Hasse is Payne counties. represented by Keck 278 on mulberry, eight miles north of Garber in Garfield

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coniferous substrates (possibly Buelliaceae (22) Amandinea sp.?)] is represented *Buellia alboatra (Hoffm.) by Keck 509 and 513 on dead Th. Fr.[= Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow, possibly including or wood, one-half mile south of consisting of D. venustum (Körber) Loyal, in Kingfisher County. Körber] is represented by Keck Imshaug (22) lists this 1079 on limestone, six species as boreal, and miles northwest of Renfrow reported only from states in Grant County, and by bordering Canada. Keck 1065 in Garfield Buellia spuria (Schaer.) County. Imshaug (22) lists Anzi; on sandstone; Osage this species as occurring County. in several northeastern and midwestern states extending *Buellia stigmaea Tuck. [= B. no farther south than maculate Bungartz?] Is represented Colorado. by Keck 882 on sandstone, two miles east of Cleveland, *Buellia novomexicana B. de in Osage County, and by Keck Lesd. [= B. tyrolensis Körber] is 439 and 711 in Creek County. represented by Keck 2 on Imshaug (22) lists this sandstone, two miles east species from several of Cleveland, in Osage southern states but not County, and by Keck 593 on farther west than Missouri. sandstone and 86 on limestone in Noble and *Buellia vilis Th.Fr. is Osage counties, represented by Keck 67 on respectively. limestone, five miles west of Skiatook, in Osage Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) County. Imshaug (22) lists Mass. [= Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) this species only from North Coppins & Scheid.]; on sandstone Dakota and Colorado. and dead wood; Garfield, Grant, Osage, Pawnee, and Rinodina oreina (Ach.) Mass. Payne counties. [=Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman]; on sandstone; Osage and Pawnee *Buellia retrovertens Tuck. counties. is represented by Keck 581 on sandstone, seven miles Physciaceae (23) west of Perry in Noble *Pyxine caesiopruinosa County, and by Keck 675 (Tuck.) Imshaug [possibly P. from Pawnee County. Imshaug subcinerea Stirton] is represented (22) lists this species as by Keck 702 on red oak, five occurring from Texas, New miles southeast of Oilton, Mexico, and Colorado in Creek County. Imshaug westward to the coast. (23) lists this species as *Buellia schaereri Dnot. [may occurring only from several represent misidentifications; this is a Gulf Coast states. boreal taxon that is restricted to

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 29 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh.) Noble, Osage, and Payne Hampe [(Ehrh. Ex Humb.) Fűrnr.]; on counties. various woody species; Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.; Garfield, Grant, Kay, on various woody species and Kingfisher, Lincoln, Logan, sandstone; Creek, Garfield, Noble, Osage, Pawnee, and Kay, Kingfisher, Lincoln, Payne counties. Logan, Noble, Osage, Pawnee, Physcia ciliata (Hoffm.) and Payne counties. DR.[= Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) *Physcia syncolla Tuck. [= Moberg] ; on soapberry, elm, Hyperphyscia syncolla (Tuck ex Nyl.) Kalb] cottonwood, post oak, and is represented by Keck 1041 ash; Garfield, Grant, Kay, on hackberry, one mile west Lincoln, Noble, Osage, of Mounds in Creek County, Pawnee, and Payne counties. and by Keck 197, 737, 480, Physcia elaeina (Sm.) A. L. 383, 319, 556, 156, 645, and Sm. [= Hyperphyscia adglutinata 635 on various woody species (Flörke) H. Mayrhofer & Poelt]; on from Garfield, Grant, Kay, cottonwood and hickory; Kingfisher, Lincoln, Logan, Garfield, Grant, and Osage Noble, Osage, Pawnee, and counties Payne counties, respectively. Physcia grisea (Lam.) Zahl. [probably Physconia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Physcia teretiuscula (Ach.) Essl.]; on blackjack oak, Lynge [= P. dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau; post oak, hickory, and elm; possibly Speerschneidera euploca (Tuck.) Creek, Lincoln, Noble, and Trevisan or Physcia subtilis Degel.]; on Osage counties. sandstone; Creek County. *Physcia halei Thomson is Physcia tribacoides Nyl.; represented by Keck 816 on [possibly P. americana G. Merr.] on sandstone, eight miles post oak, blackjack oak, north of Morrison, in elm, hackberry, persimmon, Pawnee County, and by Keck red cedar, and sandstone; 115, 134, and 875 from Creek, Grant, Kay, Lincoln, Osage County. Logan, Osage, and Payne counties. Physcia millegrana Degel.; on birch; Osage County. Anaptychia granulifera (Ach.) Mass.; [= Heterodermia granulifera Physcia orbicularis (Neck.) (Ach.) W.L. Culb.] on post oak; Poetsch. [= Phaeophyscia orbicularis Osage County. (Necker) Moberg, but probably other sorediate species including P. adiastola Anaptychia heterochroa Vain.[= (Essl.) Essl, P. insignis ) Mereschk.) Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan]; Moberg, P. pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. or on various oaks, hickory, P. rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.]; on and sandstone; Creek, various woody species and Lincoln, Osage, Pawnee, and limestone; Creek, Garfield, Payne counties. Kay, Kingfisher, Logan,

Keck, D.W. 30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 Anaptychia hypoleuca (Muhl.) *4. Culberson, William L. Vain. [= Heterodermia hypoleuca 1955. A Guide to the Literature on the (Muhl.) trevisan]; on post oak Lichen Flora and Vegetation of the United and red oak; Creek and States. U.S.D.A. Agri. Res. Osage counties. Service. Plant Disease Anaptychia speciosa (Wulf.) Epidemics and Identification Section. Mass. [= Heterodermia speciosa Beltsville, MD. Special (Wulfen) Trevisan]; on sandstone; Payne County. Publication 7:1-54. 5. Degelius, Gunnar. 1954. The Lichen Genus Collema in Europe. Lichenes Imperfecti Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12 Leprariaceae (2):1-499. *Lepraria chlorina Ach. 6. Evans, A. W. 1930. The [= Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J.R. Cladoniae of Connecticut. Trans. Laundon, but probably Chrysothrix Conn. Acad. Arts and candelaris (L.) J.R. Laundon] is Sciences. 30:357-510. represented by Keck 1052 on 7. Fearing, O. S. 1952. birch, in Osage Hills State Preliminary Study of the Taxonomy and Park in Osage County. Ecology of Kansas Lichens. Univ. *Crocynia membranacea Kans. Sci. Bull. 35:543- (Dicks.) Zahl. [probably 575. Lepraria lobificans Nyl.] is 8. Fink, Bruce. 1911. The Nature represented by Keck 307 on and Classification of Lichens—I. Views and post oak, one mile north of Arguments of Botanists Concerning Coyle in Payne County, and Classification. Mycologia. by Keck 422, 353, 315, 562, 3:231-269. and 140 on various oaks or 9. Fink, Bruce. 1913. The Nature sandstones from Creek, and Classification of Lichens—II. The Lincoln, Logan, Noble, and Lichen and Its Algal Host. Osage counties, Mycologia. 5:97-166. respectively. 10. Fink, Bruce. 1935. The Lichen flora of the United States. Univ. of SELECTEDBIBLIOGRAPHY Mich. Press, Ann Arbor. *General works not cited in text 11. Hale, Mason E., Jr. 1952. Studies on the Lichen Rinodina Oreina in 1. Asahina, Y. 1954. Chemistry of North America. Bull. Tor. Lichen Substances. Tokyo. Bot. Cl. 79:251-259. 2. Berry, E. C. 1941. A 12. Hale, Mason E., Jr. 1955. Monograph of the Genus Parmelia in Xanthoparmelia in North America I. The North America, North of Mexico Parmelia Conspersa-Stenophylla group. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. Bull. Tor. Bot. Cl. 28:31-146. 82:9-21. 3. Bruner, W. E. 1931. The 13. Hale, Mason E., Jr. and Vegetation of Oklahoma. William L. Culberson. Ecological Monographs. 1956. A Checklist of the Lichens of the 1:100-188. United States, Canada, and Alaska. Castenea. 21:73-105.

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 31 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

14. Hale, Mason E, Jr. 1956. 24. Luttrell, E. S. 1954. The Chemical Strains of the Parmelia Cladoniaceae of Virginia. Lloydia. Conspersa-Stenophylla Group in South 17:275-306. Central United States. Bull. 25. Nearing, G. G. 1947. The Tor. Bot. Cl. 83:218- Lichen Book. Published by the 220. author, Ridgewood, New 15. Hale, Mason E., Jr. Jersey. 1956. A Note on Lichenes Americani 26. Oosting, H.J. and L. E. Exsiccati, fascicle I. The Anderson. 1937. The Vegetation Bryologist. 59:41-43. of a Barefaced Cliff in Western North 16. Hale, Mason E., Jr. Carolina. Ecology. 18:280- 1957. Corticolous Lichen Flora of the 292. Ozark Mountains. Trans. Kans. 27. Schneider, Albert. 1897. Acad. Sci. 60:155-160. A Text-Book of General Lichenology. 17. Hale, Mason E., Jr. Wm. N. Clute and 1957. Lichen Handbook. Company, Binghamton. Smithsonian Institution 28. Smith, Annie L. 1921. Washington, D. C. Lichens. Cambridge Univ. 18. Hale, Mason E., Jr. Press, Cambridge. 1958. The Status of Usnea 29. Snyder, L.C. 1917. Geography Diplotypus in North America. The of Oklahoma. Okla. Geol. Bryologist. 61:247-248. Survey. Bull. 27:1-325. 19. Hale, Mason E., Jr. 30. Thomson, John W., Jr. 1959. New or Interesting Species of 1949.The Teloschistaceae of Wisconsin- Parmelia in North America. The Papers on Wisconsin Lichens III. Amer. Bryologist. 62:20-21. Midl. Nat. 41:1-68. 20. Hedrick, Joyce. 1930. 31. Thomson, John W., Jr. Lichens from the State of Oklahoma. 1950. The Species of Peltigera of North Papers Mich. Acad. America, North of Mexico. Amer. Sci., Arts, and Midl. Nat. 44:1-68. Letters. 12:101-110. 32. United States Department 21. Howard, Grace E. 1950. of Agriculture. 1941. Lichens of the State of Washington. Yearbook of Agriculture. Univ. of Wash. Press, Climate and Man. (Washington, Seattle. D. C.) Gov’t. Printing 22. Imshaug, H. A. 1951. The Office: 1165-1174. Lichen-forming Species of the Genus 33. Weaver, John E. and Buellia in the United States and Canada. Frederick E. Clements. Univ. Microfilms Publ. 1938. Plant Ecology. McGraw- 2607, Ann Arbor, Hill Book Co., New York: Michigan. 66-68. 23. Imshaug, H. A. 1957. The 34. Wolfe, John N. 1940. A Lichen Genus Pyxine in North and Catalog of the Lichens of Ohio. Ohio Middle America. Trans. Amer. Biol. Sur. Bull. 36:1-50. Micros. Soc. 76:246- *35. Zahlbruckner, A. 1922- 269. 40. Catalogus Lichenus Universalis. Leipzig. 10 vol.

Keck, D.W. 32 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 TABLEI SPECIESOCCURRENCYBYCOUNTIES r e d h l s n e i l e k i t f o n e e e e e f n g c a l g n n e r a y n n g b a w y r a r a i i o o s a a C G G K K L L N O P P Acarospora X X X X X X X X citrine A. fuscata X X X X X

A.smaragdula X X X

Allarthonia X X caesia Anaptychia X granulifera A. heterochroa X X X X X

A. hypoleuca X X

A. speciosa X

Bacidia granosa X

B. umbrina X

Buellia X X alboatra B. novomexicana X X X

B. punctata X X X X X

B. retrovertens X X

B. schaereri X

B. spuria X

B. stigmaea X X C G G K K L L N O P P

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B. vilis X

Caloplaca X X X arizonica C. aurantiaca X X X X X X X X X X

C. cerina X X

C. X X X X X X chrysophthalma C. decipiens X

C. X X X X flavovirescens C. lobulata X X X X

C. microphylina X X X X X X

C. murorum X X X

C. ulmorum X X X X X X

Candelaria X X X X X X X concolor var. concolor C. concolor X X X var. effusa C. fibrosa X X X X X X X X X X X

Candelariella X X X X X X X vitellina C. xanthostigma X

Cladonia X X apodocarpa C G G K K L L N O P P

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C. capitata X X X X X

C. chlorophaea X X X X X

C. fimbriata X

C. subcariosa X X X

C. subtenuis X

C. uncialis X

Coccocarpia X cronia Collema X X X X conglomeratum C. subfurvum X X X X

Crocynia X X X X X X membranacea Dermatocarpon X X X hepaticum D. miniatum X X

D. tuckermani X

Diploschistes X X X X X X X actinostomus D. scruposus X X X X var. scruposus D. scruposus X X var. bryophila Endocarpon X X pusillum Graphis scripta X X C G G K K L L N O P P

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Heppia hassei X X X

Lecania californica X L. perproxima X

Lecanora atra X

L. calcarea X X X X X X X

L. dispersa X X X X X

L. hageni X X X X X

L. melaena X

L. muralis X X X X X X X X

L. piniperda X X

L. rubina X X X

L. subfusca X X X X

L. varia X X X X X X

Lecidea X X X decipiens L. rufonigra X X

L. russellii X X X

L. tesselina X

Keck, D.W. 36 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 r e d h l s n e i l e k i t f o n e e e e e f n g c a l g n n e r a y n n g b a w y r a r a i i o o s a a C G G K K L L N O P P Lepraria X chlorine Leptogium X X chloromelum L. cyanescens X

Parmelia X X X X X X X X X X X bolliana P. caperata X X X X

P. conspersa X X

P. haitiensis X X X X

P. isidiata X X X

P. obsessa X

P. reticulata X X X X X X X X X

P. rudecta X X X

P. stenophylla X

Peltigera X X X canine Pertusaria X X X X X X leioplaca P. multipuncta X X X X

P. pertusa X X

P. pustulata X X X X X

P. velata X C G G K K L L N O P P

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Physcia aipolia X X X X X X X X X X

P. ciliata X X X X X X X X

P. elaeina X X X

P. grisea X X X X

P. halei X X

P. millegrana X

P. orbicularis X X X X X X X X

P. stellaris X X X X X X X X X X

P. subtilis X X

P. syncolla X X X X X X X X X X X

P. teretiuscula X

P. tribacoides X X X X X X X

Placynthium X X X nigrum Pyxine X caesiopruinosa Rinodina oreina X X

Sarcogyne X X X X X X X clavus S. pruinosa X X X e r a y n n g b a w y r a r a i i o o s a a C G G K K L L N O P P

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S. simplex X

Staurothele X diffractella S. umbrina X

Teloschistes X X X X X X X X X X X chrysophthalmus Verrucaria X calsiceda V. nigrescens X X

Xanthoria X X X X X X X X X X X candelaria

Total species 44 29 24 21 19 45 32 33 77 41 42

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TABLEII TABULARVIEWOFTHEFAMILIES Species and Families Genera subordinate taxa Verrucariaceae 2 4 Dermatocarpaceae 2 4 Arthoniaceae 1 1 Graphidaceae 1 1 Diploschistaceae 1 3 Collemaceae 2 4 Heppiaceae 1 1 Pannariaceae 2 2 Peltigeraceae 1 1 Lecideaceae 2 6 Cladoniaceae 1 7 Acarosporaceae 2 6 Pertusariaceae 1 5 Lecanoraceae 3 14 Parmeliaceae 2 12 Caloplacaceae 1 10 Teloschistaceae 2 2 Buelliaceae 2 9 Physciaceae 3 17 Leprariaceae 2 2 TOTALS 20 34 111

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Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 41 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Keck, D.W. 42 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 TAXONOMICTREATMENT Keys to Various Taxa

Key to Classes, Orders, and Families 1. Thallus of more or less definite form, usually with ascocarps. Ascolichenes 1. Thallus of entangled hyphae, without ascocarps ...... Lichenes Imperfecti Ascolichenes 1. Hymenium produced in a perithecium ...... Pyrenulales 1. Hymenium produced in an apothecium 2. Thallus rudimentary; apothecia irregular, linear or oblong...... Hysteriales 2. Thallus commonly well developed; apothecia more or less round or cuplike ...... Lecanorales

Pyrenulales 1. Thallus crustose...... Verrucariaceae 1. thallus squamulose or foliose...... Dermatocarpaceae

Hysteriales 1. Apothecia without an exciple ...... Arthonicaceae 1. Apothecia with an exciple...... Graphidaceae

Lecanorales 1. Phycobiont a species of Myxophyceae 2. Thallus squamulose to foliose, taking its form from that of the phycobiont ...... Collemaceae 2. Thallus foliose to granulose; not taking its form from the phycobiont 3. Thallus large, plainly foliose . . . . . Peltigeraceae 3. Thallus smaller, somewhat foliose to granulose 4. Spores many per ascus ...... Heppiaceae 4. spores 8 per ascus ...... Pannariaceae 1. Phycobiont a species of Chlorophyceae 5. Apothecia with both thalloid and proper exciples.... Diploschistaceae 5. Apothecia with either thalloid or proper exciple, but not with both 6. Thallus two-fold, having both squamules and podetia.. Cladoniaceae 6. Thallus otherwise 7. Spores brown 8. Thallus crustose to scaly ...... Buelliaceae 8. Thallus foliose ...... Physciaceae 7. Spores hyaline 9. Spores very large, commonly up to 200 microns

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long ...... Pertusariaceae 9. spores smaller 10. Thallus plainly foliose to fruticose 11. Thallus generally small, yellowish in color Teloschistaceae 11. Thallus larger, not yellowish. Parmeliaceae 10. Thallus crustose to squamulose, or near foliose 12. Spores minute, many per ascus ...... Acarosporaceae 12. Spores larger, usually eight per ascus 13. Apothecia with proper exciple ...... Lecideaceae 13. Apothecia with thalloid exciple 14. Apothecia usually yellowish, spores usually one-septate with cells polar Caloplacaceae 14. Apothecia rarely yellowish, spores non-septate, septate, or muriform, but not polar ...... Lecanoraceae

Lichenes Imperfecti The only family representing this group is Leprariaceae.

Keck, D.W. 44 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 KEYTOGENERAANDSPECIES

Pyrenulales Verrucariaceae 1. Spores non-septate...... 1. Verrucaria 1. Spores muriform...... 2. Staurothele

1. Verrucaria 1. Thallus grayish-white ...... V. calciseda 1. Thallus brownish or greenish to black . . . . V. nigrescens

2. Staurothele 1. Spores two per ascus ...... S. umbrina 1. Spores eight per ascus ...... S. diffractella

Dermatocarpaceae 1. Spores non-septate ...... 1. Dermatocarpon 1. Spores muriform...... 2. Endocarpon 1. Dermatocarpon 1. Thallus umbilicate, foliose ...... D. miniatum 1. Thallus adnate, squamulose 2. Squamules round with elevated margins, not contiguous D. hepaticum 2. Squamules lobed and overlapping...... D. tuckermani 2. Endocarpon The only species representing this genus is E. pusillum.

Hysteriales Arthoniaceae The only genus representing this family is Allarthonia and the only species is A. caesia.

Graphidaceae The only genus representing this family is Graphis and the only species is G. scripta.

Lecanorales Collemaceae 1. Cortex of interwoven hyphae...... 1. Collema 2. Cortex plectenchymatous...... 2. Leptogium 1. Collema 1. Thallus isidiate ...... C. subfurvum 2. Thallus without isidia ...... C. conglomeratum 2. Leptogium 1. Thallus brown to black, lobes crenate. . .. L. chloromelum 2. Thallus bluish-slate colored, lobes entire . . L. cyanescens

Keck, D.W. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 45 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Heppiaceae The only genus representing this family is Heppia and the only species is H. hassei.

Pannariaceae 1. Thallus with lower cortex wanting...... 1. Placynthium 1. Thallus with lower cortex...... 2. Coccocarpia 1. Placynthium The only species representing this genus is P. nigrum. 2. Coccocarpia The only species representing this genus is C. cronia.

Peltigeraceae The only genus representing this family is Peltigera and the only species is P. canina.

Diploschistaceae The only genus representing this family is Diploschistes. 1. Proper exciple thick, radiately striate. . .D. actinostomus 1. Proper exciple thin, minutely toothed 2. Apothecia often 1 mm across, on soil and rocks. .... D. scruposus var. scuposus 2. Apothecia usually 0.3 mm or less, on moss and Cladonia sp...... D. scruposus var. bryophila

Lecideaceae 1. Spores non-septate ...... 1. Lecidea 1. Spores septate ...... 2. Bacidia 1. Lecidea 1. Thallus crustose ...... L. tesselina 1. Thallus squamulose 2. Squamules brownish to green on the edge . . L. rufonigra 2. Squamules whitish on the edge 3. Apothecia blackish...... L. decipiens 3. Apothecia reddish-brown ...... L. russellii 2. Bacidia 1. Spores acicular...... B. umbrina 1. Spores fusiform ...... B. granosa

Cladoniaceae The only genus representing this family is Cladonia. 1. Podetia extremely short or absent...... C. apodocarpa 1. Podetia longer 2. Podetia repeatedly branched, squamules evanescent 3. Podetia dichotomously branched...... C. subtenuis 3. Podetia variously branched, but not dichotomous.... C. uncialis

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2. Podetia little branched, squamules persistent. 4. Podetia cup-shaped or trumpet-shaped 5. Podetia granular...... C. Chlorophaea 5. Podetia with fine, dusty soredia . . . C. fimbriata 4. Podetia not forming cups 6. Fruits at least twice as broad as the podetia... C. capitata 6. Fruits barely broader than the podetia ..... C. subcariosa

Acarosporaceae 1. Apothecia with thalloid exciple ...... 1. Acarospora 1. Apothecia with proper exciple ...... 2. Sarcogyne 1. Acarospora 1. Thallus whitish-yellow to green...... A. citrina 1. Thallus brown 2. Aeroles lobed, margins elevated ...... A. fuscata 2. Aeroles entire, margins depressed . . . . A. smaragdula 2. Sarcogyne 1. Apothecia pruinose ...... S. pruinosa 1. Apothecia not pruinose 2. Apothecia 0.2-1.0 mm. across, red when wet. . S. simplex 2. Apothecia 0.7-2.0 mm. across, not red when wet S. clavus

Pertusariaceae The only genus representing this family is Pertusaria. 1. Spores four per ascus...... P. leioplaca 1. Spores one or two per ascus 2. Fruiting knobs sorediate ...... P. multipuncta 2. Fruiting knobs esorediate 3. Fruiting knobs postulate, some finally opening into a disk...... P. pustulata 3. Fruiting knobs not postulate, or if postulate, then not opening into a disk 4. Spores one per ascus...... P. velata 4. Spores two per ascus...... P. pertusa

Lecanoraceae 1. Thallus yellow ...... 1. Candelariella 1. Thallus not yellow 2. Spores aseptate...... 2. Lecanora 2. Spores septate ...... 3. Lecania 1. Candelariella 1. Thallus persistent; on rocks...... C. vitellina 1. Thallus evanescent; on trees...... C. xanthostigma

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2. Lecanora 1. Epithecia intensely black ...... L. atra 1. Epithecia variously colored, but not black 2. Thallus aerolate to squamulose...... L. rubina 2. Thallus crustose or near-foliose 3. Thallus near-foliose...... L. muralis 3. Thallus crustose 4. Apothecia 0.1-0.25 mm. across. . . . . L. piniperda 4. Apothecia somewhat larger to much larger 5. Apothecia pruinose 6. Spores subglobose, 9-15 microns wide .... . L. calcarea 6. Spores ellipsoid, 406 microns wide ...... L. hageni 5. Apothecia not pruinose 7. Apothecia yellowish to greenish ...... L. varia 7. Apothecia light brown or darker 8. Thallus evanescent ...... L. dispersa 8. Thallus persistent 9. Apothecia light brown, exciples persistent. . . . . L. subfusca 9. Apothecia dark brown to blackish, exciples often disappearing...... L. melaena 3. Lecania 1. Apothecia pruinose ...... L. californica 1. Apothecia not pruinose ...... L. perproxima

Parmeliaceae 1. Thallus and apothecia yellow; spores many per ascus. . . . 1. Candelaria 1. Thallus and apothecia rarely yellow; spores eight per ascus 2. Parmelia 1. Candelaria 1. Exciple fibrillose below...... C. fibrosa 1. Exciple not fibrillose 2. Thallus reduced to granulose squamules, or passing into a powdery crust ...... C. concolor var. effusa 2. Thallus granulose on margins only ...... C. concolor var. concolor 2. Parmelia 1. Soredia present 2. Medulla yellowish ...... P. obsessa 2. Medulla white 3. Soredia on upper surface ...... P. caperata 3. Soredia marginal ...... P. reticulata

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1. Soredia absent 4. Isidia present 5. Thallus yellowish-green...... P. isidiata 5. Thallus bluish or gray 6. Upper surface with white dots . . . . . P. rudecta 6. Upper surface without white dots. . . P. haitiensis 4. Isidia absent 7. Thallus yellowish-green 8. Thallus tightly adnate ...... P. conspersa 8. Thallus loosely attached ...... P. stenophylla 7. Thallus bluish to gray...... P. borreri

Caloplacaceae The only genus representing this family is Caloplaca. 1. Thallus sorediate 2. Soredia dull orange to blackish. . . . . C. microphylina 2. Soredia yellow 3. Thallus smooth and continuous . . . C. chrysophthalma 3. Thallus distinctly aerolate ...... C. decipiens 1. Thallus esorediate 4. Thallus lobed at the margins 5. Exciple moderately thick and somewhat elevated. . . . C. murorum 5. Exciple thin and not elevated...... C. lobulata 4. Thallus not lobed at the margins 6. Apothecia yellow, exciples whitish . . . . C. ulmorum 6. Apothecia orange, exciple dull gray to yellow-green or orange 7. Exciple distinctly yellowish-green. . C. aurantiaca 7. Exciple gray or orange 8. Exciple gray, thallus well developed, areolate. . C. arizonica 8. Exciple orange, thallus scanty 9. Apothecia crowded, angular, spores slightly curved...... C. flavovirescens 9. Apothecia scattered, circular, spores not curved...... C. cerina

Teloschistaceae 1. Thallus fruticose...... 1. Teloschistes 1. Thallus foliose...... 2. Xanthoria

1. Teloschistes The only species representing this genus is T.chrysophthalmus. 2. Xanthoria The only species representing this genus is X. candelaria.

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Buelliaceae 1. Apothecia with proper exciples ...... 1. Buellia 1. Apothecia with thalloid exciples ...... 2. Rinodina 1. Buellia 1. Spores three-septate ...... B. alboatra 1. Spores one-septate 2. Thallus of well-developed areoles 3. Areoles olive-brown...... B. novomexicana 3. Areoles greenish-gray to ashy 4. Hypothallus scanty or obsolete. . . B. retrovertens 4. Hypothallus black, prominent 5. Exciple white initially, then turning darker. .. B. stigmaea 5. Exciple black...... B. spuria 2. Thallus not areolate 6. Hypothecium colorless...... B. vilis 6. Hypothecium brownish 7. Hymenium colorless throughout. . . . . B. schaereri 7. Hymenium brown above...... B. punctata 2. Rinodina The only species representing this genus is R. oreina.

Physciaceae 1. Medulla yellow to salmon-colored...... Pyxine 1. Medulla white 2. Lower cortex well developed...... Physcia 2. Lower cortex poorly developed or wanting. . . Anaptychia 1. Pyxine The only species representing this genus is P. caesiopruinosa. 2. Physcia 1. Thallus esorediate 2.Thallus tightly adnate throughout. . . . . P. syncolla 2. Thallus loosely adnate 3. Lobe tips thin and somewhat elevated . . P. aipolia 3. Lobe tips thickened and turned down 4. Whitish to gray, apothecia usually pruinose, on trees...... P. stellaris 4. Dark gray to blackish, apothecia not pruinose, on rocks...... P. halei 1. Thallus sorediate 5. Soredia in capitate patches on the upper surface 6. Thallus under two cm. across, brownish, appearing crustose...... P. elaeina 6.Thallus up to five cm. across, grayish, definitely foliose 7. Soredia white to pale blue . . . . . P. tribacoides 7. Soredia grayish-green...... P. orbicularis

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5. Soredia along margins, and sometimes on the upper surface, but not in capitate patches 8. Thallus pruinose ...... P. grisea 8. Thallus not pruinose 9. Lobes thin, flat, and often raised at the margins P. millegrana 9. Lobes more or less rounded over the top with tips touching the substrate ...... P. subtilis

3. Anaptychia 1. Thallus sorediate 2. Hypothallus distinctly yellow...... A. heterochroa 2. Hypothallus gray to blackish ...... A. speciosa 1. Thallus esorediate 3. Thallus isidiate ...... A. granulifera 3. Thallus without isidia...... A. hypoleuca

Lichenes Imperfecti Leprariaceae 1. Thallus often zonate, grayish-green ...... 1. Crocynia 1. Thallus never zonate, bright yellow ...... 2. Lepraria 1. Crocynia The only species representing this genus is C. membranacea. 2. Lepraria The only species representing this genus is L. chlorine.

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Annotated Nomenclatural Update to Keck (1961)

Douglas M. Ladd The Nature Conservancy Missouri Field Office 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63144

Darwin Keck’s pioneering work was one of the first detailed accounts of the lichen biota of a region in the Great Plains. This area of Oklahoma is especially interesting, since it includes several important ecoregions, including both cross timbers and Osage Plains/Flint Hills tallgrass prairie. The eastern portions of the study area have strong Ozarkian biogeographic influence. Keck’s work is important from a biogeographic perspective, since it elucidates details regarding the western ranges of several species traditionally thought to be associated with eastern woodlands, while simultaneously documenting the presence of several lichen taxa more commonly associated with western and southwestern North America.

Purpose for the update 1. Nomenclatural updates for names that have been changed. In some A major problem facing instances names used by Keck are contemporary users of this work is the now interpreted to include multiple massive transition in lichen taxonomic taxa. In these cases, all such taxa concepts and nomenclature that have potentially occurring in the region are occurred since Keck’s work. Additionally, included, sometimes with relative extensive additional survey and research abundance information based on my have provided a better understanding of field experience (see below). patterns of lichen occurrence in 2. Probable identification for cited taxa midcontintal North America. To make that are obviously erroneous — Keck’s work more useable to contemporary typically in these cases the name cited readers, I have added annotations to by Keck is a valid name, but more appropriate portions of Keck’s species recent research has revealed that the accounts. These annotations update the species is restricted to regions remote nomenclature and add comments to the from the Great Plains. Where extent possible without study of the actual possible, the probable actual specimens, largely following the latest North identification is provided, based on a American lichen list (Esslinger 2006). decade of sporadic lichen field work in Comments appear within relevant species the eastern portion of Keck’s study accounts in the main checklist, directly after area (e.g. Ladd 1997) and extensive the name used by Keck. My comments are field experience with lichens in the within brackets, rendered in a different font. Ozark region just east of the study These comments fall roughly into one of area (e.g. Ladd 1996, 2002). A good four categories: source for general North American

Ladd, D.M. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100045 52 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

range information is Brodo et al. (2001). References 3. Revised author citations where more recent taxonomic work has resulted in Brodo, I.M., S.D. Sharnoff and S. Sharnoff. different accepted authorities for 2001. Lichens of North America. New names used by Keck. These are Haven, CT: Yale University Press. xxiv + provided not to be niggling, but 795 pp. because correct authorities are essential for accessing the taxonomic Esslinger, T.L. 2006. A cumulative literature and to aid in tracking future checklist for the lichen-forming, changes in nomenclature and species lichenicolous and allied fungi of the concepts. continental United States and Canada. 4. In a few cases, species names reported North Dakota State University: by Keck are almost certainly http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslin erroneous in modern concepts, but ge/chcklst7.htm (First posted 1 December without examination of the specimens 1997, most recent update 10 April 2006), it is not possible to determine what Fargo, ND. the actual identification might be — these are pointed out to prevent Ladd, D. 1996. Checklist and bibliography perpetuation of errors and inaccurate of Missouri lichens. Missouri Department range data. of Conservation Natural History Series No. 6. 92 pp. Looking back 45 years, Darwin Keck’s work was a rather astounding Ladd, D. 1997. Preliminary list of the undertaking – working in a region where lichen of Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Osage almost nothing was known of the lichen County, Oklahoma. Unpublished Nature biota, in an era with few North American Conservancy report, 3 pp. lichenologists and the concept of lichen floristic studies in its infancy, he was able to Ladd, D. 2002. Lichens of the Lower effectively produce an initial delineation of Ozark region of Missouri and Arkansas. the region’s lichens. This will serve as a Nature Conservancy/Missouri Botanical sound foundation for continuing efforts to Garden report to Missouri Department of better understand ecological and Conservation Missouri Ozark Forest distributional patterns of lichens and their Ecosystem Project. 108 pp. interrelationships with other components of Oklahoma’s natural heritage.

Ladd, D.M. Oklahoma Native Plant Record 53 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Vascular Flora of a Red Sandstone Hills Site Canadian County, Oklahoma

Bruce W. Hoagland Amy Buthod Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography and Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 Norman, OK 73019 e-mail: [email protected]

This article reports the results of an inventory of the vascular plants from a site in central Oklahoma. Three hundred thirty-four species of vascular plants in 237 genera and 76 families were collected. The most species were collected from the families Poaceae (56) and Asteraceae (54). The genera with the most species were Euphorbia and Eragrostis, both with six species. One hundred six species were annuals, 227 perennials, and 1 biennial. Forty-nine species of woody plants were present. Forty-one species, or 12.3% of the flora, were exotic to Oklahoma. No species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were encountered, but two species (Escobaria vivipara and Muhlenbergia bushii) are tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory.

INTRODUCTION continued in Devil’s Canyon, emphasis shifted to nearby Water Canyon when Connie Taylor Canadian County has been the focus gathered 321 specimens (see Taylor [1961] for of botanical research for several decades. The a complete species list). Botanical collections first plant collections from the county were outside the canyons have not focused on a made by Shultz and Sawyer on January 10, particular locale in the county. Although 1917, when they collected Helianthus 1,121 taxa of vascular plants have been maximiliani, Oenothera rhombipetala, Salsola reported from Canadian County, it is fewer iberica, and Senecio riddellii. There was no than the taxa reported from adjacent further collecting until 1926, but in the 1930s Oklahoma (1,399 ) and Cleveland (1,426) botanical studies began in ernst. Botanical counties. The current project was initiated on collections in Canadian County have focused the assumption that focused collection effort on the “Caddo Canyons” in the western third at a given site would yield additional county of the county. Of the 1,121 species recorded records. It will also provide land managers in the Oklahoma Vascular Plants database with a working species list to help guide their (Hoagland et al. 2006) for Canadian County, activities. 964 are from canyons such as Devil’s / . Methodist, Grocket, Waters, and Widow- STUDY AREA maker. On 29 May 1933, J. C. Shirley collected 38 specimens from Devil’s Canyon. The study area encompasses 64.7 ha in Elbert Little collected 87 species from Devil’s Canadian County (Figure) along the Canadian Canyon in September, 1936. Several River. Latitudinal extent ranges from 35.34oN collectors visited Devils Canyon in 1937, but to 35.36oN and longitudinal extent from the most prolific was Milton Hopkins, who 97.67oW to 97.68oW. The study area is collected 145 in April and September of 1937 located within the subtropical humid (Cf) (Hoagland et al. 2006). Although collecting climate zone (Trewartha 1968). Summers are

Hoagland & Buthod https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100046 54 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

warm (mean July temperature = 27.8oC) and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION humid, whereas winters are relatively short and mild (mean January temperature = Three hundred thirty-four species of 1.78oC). Mean annual precipitation is 87.6 vascular plants in 237 genera and 76 families cm, with periodic severe droughts (Oklahoma were collected (appendix 1). The greatest Climatological Survey 2006). numbers of species were from the Asteraceae Physiographically, the study area is located (56) and Poaceae (54). The largest genera within the Osage Plains section of the Central were Euphorbia and Eragrostis each with 6 Lowlands province (Hunt 1974) and the species. There were three species of ferns, Central Redbed Plains province of Oklahoma two gymnosperm, 78 monocots, and 252 (Curtis and Ham 1979). The surface geology dicots (Table). One hundred and six species is primarily Permian red sandstone and shale were annuals, 227 perennials, and one with Quaternary silt, sand, and clay along the biennial. Forty-nine species of woody plants Canadian River floodplain (Branson and were present. The absence of Q. stellata at the Johnson 1979). Elevation ranges from 411.5 site is noteworthy. This study contributed an m to 358.7 m. The predominant potential additional 84 species to the flora of Canadian vegetation types are Tallgrass Prairie and County for a total of 1,205 species. Bottomland vegetation (Duck and Fletcher Forty-one species or 12.3% of the 1943). flora was non-native to North America. The Poaceae and Fabaceae had the greatest METHODS number of exotic species, 12 and 7 respectively. There were three exotic species Collections were made monthly from in the genus Bromus and two in Ulmus. These March to June during the 2005 and 2006 values are consistent with other floristic growing seasons. The predominant studies from Oklahoma, in which exotic vegetation association at the site were ascribed species constitute 9% - 15% of the flora according to Hoagland (2000) and attributed (Hoagland and Buthod 2003, Hoagland and to each collection. Vouchers for species Buthod 2004, Hoagland and Johnson 2001, exotic to North America were made from Hoagland and Johnson 2004a, Hoagland and naturalized populations only, thus excluding Johnson 2004b, Hoagland et al. 2004a, cultivated and ornamental plants. Specimens Hoagland et al. 2004b, Hoagland and Wallick were processed at the Robert Bebb 2003,). An exception is Red Slough and Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma Grassy Slough, where exotic species (OKL) following standard procedures. constituted 6.6% (Hoagland and Johnson, Manuals used for specimen identification 2004b). included Waterfall (1969), Barkley (1986), and No species listed as threatened or Diggs et al. (1999). Origin, either native or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife introduced, was determined by using Taylor Service were encountered. However, and Taylor (1991) and US Department of Escobaria vivipara (G5S2S3) and Muhlenbergia Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation bushii (G5S1S2), which are tracked by the Service (USDA-NRCS 2006). Nomenclature Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory (2006), follows the USDA-NRCS (2006). Voucher were present. Species are ranked by the specimens were deposited at OKL. ONHI according to level of imperilment at the global [G] and state [S] level on a scale of

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pecies that is imperiled and 5 a species that is 3. Wetland and aquatic vegetation was of secure restricted to a small human-made pond and [Groves et al. 1995]). swales on the Canadian River floodplain. Associated species included Amorpha fruticosa, Four vegetation associations/land Cephalanthus occidentalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, cover types occurred at the study area. Each Polygonum lapathifolium, Symphyotrichum is described below with a brief list of subulatum, and Typha domingensis associated species. 4. Disturbed areas and old-field vegetation 1. Schizachyrium scoparium - Bouteloua curtipendula included roadsides and areas exhibiting signs herbaceous association occurred on shallow of physical disruption. Associated species sandstone derived soils and was the included Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chamaesyce predominant grassland vegetation at the site. maculata, C. missurica, Erodium cicutarium, Associated species included Argythamnia Geranium carolinianum, Lamium amplexicaule, mercurialiana, Baptisia australis, Bouteloua hirsuta, Mollugo verticillata, Oenothera biennis, O. laciniata, Dalea aurea, D. enneandra, D. multiflora, D. Oxalis stricta, Phytolacca americana, Portulaca purpurea, Euphorbia corollata, Hedeoma pilosa, Sherardia arvensis, Solanum dimidiatum, S. drummondii, Ipomoea leptophylla, Krameria elaeagnifolium, Sorghum halepense and Viola bicolor. lanceolata, Lesquerella ovalifolia, Linum rigidum, Paronychia jamesii, Penstemon cobaea, Polygala alba, REFERENCES Stillingia sylvatica, and Tradescantia occidentalis. Barkley, T. M., (ed.) 1986. Flora of the Great 2. Quercus muehlenbergii - Juniperus virginiana Plains. Lawrence (KS): University forest association is a vegetation type not Press of Kansas. 1,392 p. described in Hoagland (2000), but was the Branson, C. C. and K. S. Johnson. 1979. predominant forest vegetation at Camp Generalized geologic map of Kickapoo. Two subtypes most likely exist, Oklahoma. In: Johnson K. S., C. C. although further analysis is necessary. The Branson, N. M. Curtis, W. E. Ham, first occupies drier habitats and is W. E. Harrison, M. V. Marcher, and J. characterized by associated species such as F. Roberts, editors. Geology and Carex albicans, Cornus drummondii, Opuntia earth resources of Oklahoma. macrorhiza, Q. marilandica, Rhus aromatica, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Ruellia humilis, Sideroxylon lanuginosum, Norman. p 4. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Tridens flavus, and Curtis, N. M. and W. E. Ham. 1979. Viburnum rufidulum. The moist or mesic Geomorphic provinces of Oklahoma. subtypes occurred along streams and deep In: Johnson K. S., C. C. Branson, N. gullies. Associated species include Arisaema M. Curtis, W. E. Ham, W. E. dracontium, Bromus pubescens, Chasmanthium Harrison, M. V. Marcher, and J. F. latifolium, Desmodium glutinosum, Elephantopus Roberts, editors. Geology and earth tomentosus, Juglans nigra, Phryma leptostachya, resources of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Polygonatum biflorum, Q. macrocarpa, Sanicula Geological Survey, Norman. p 5. canadensis, Sapindus drummondii, and Verbesina Diggs G. M., B. L. Lipscomb, and R. J. alternifolia. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners and Mahler’s illustrated flora of North

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Central Texas. Botanical Research County, Oklahoma. Castanea 69:284- Institute of Texas and Austin College, 296. Fort Worth. 1626 p. Hoagland, B. W and K. Wallick. 2003. Duck, L. G. and J. B. Fletcher. 1943. A game Vascular flora of Oologah Wildlife type map of Oklahoma. A survey of Management Area, Nowata County, the game and furbearing animals of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma. Oklahoma Department of Oklahoma Academy of Science 83:47- Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma 62. City. Hoagland, B. W., A. K. Buthod and W. Groves C. R., M. L. Klein, and T. F. Breden. Elisens. 2004a. Vascular flora of 1995. Natural Heritage Programs: Washita Battlefield National Historic public-private partnerships for Site, Roger Mills County, Oklahoma. biodiversity conservation. Wildlife Sida 21:1187-1197. Society Bulletin 23:784-790. Hoagland, B. W., P. Crawford-Callahan, P. Hoagland, B. W. 2000. The vegetation of Crawford, and F. L. Johnson. 2004b. Oklahoma: a classification of Vascular flora of Hackberry Flat, landscape mapping and conservation Fredrick Lake, and Suttle Creek, planning. Southwest Naturalist Tillman County, Oklahoma. Sida 21 45:385-420. 429-445. Hoagland, B. W. and A. K. Buthod. 2003. Hoagland, B., A. K. Buthod, I. Butler, P. Vascular flora of the Keystone Callahan-Crawford, W. Elisens, A. Wildlife Management Area, Creek, Udasi, and R. Tyrl. 2006. Oklahoma Pawnee, and Osage Counties, Vascular Plants Database. [online]. Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Available: Record 3:23-37. http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu. Hoagland, B. W. and A. K. Buthod. 2004. (Accessed on 1 March 2005). Vascular flora of Hugo Lake Wildlife Hunt, C. B. 1974. Natural Regions of the Management Area, Choctaw County, United States and Canada. W. H. Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist Freeman, San Francisco. 725 p. 30: 701-714. Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2005. Hoagland, B. W. and F. L. Johnson. 2001. Oklahoma Climatological Data Vascular flora of the Chickasaw [online]. (accessed on 1 March 2005). National Recreation Area, Murray Available from County, Oklahoma. Castanea 66:383- http://www.ocs.ou.edu/. 400. Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory. 2006. Hoagland B. W. and F. L. Johnson. 2004a. ONHI working list of rare Oklahoma Vascular Flora of Chouteau Wildlife plants [online]. (accessed on 1 March Management Area, Wagoner County, 2005). Available from Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/publica Record 4:30-39. t.html. Hoagland, B. W. and F. L. Johnson. 2004b. Palmer, M. W., G. L. Wade, and P. Neal. Vascular flora of Red Slough and 1995. Standards for the writing of Grassy Slough Wildlife Management floras. Bioscience 45:339-345. Areas, Gulf Coastal Plain, McCurtain

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Taylor, C. S. 1961. Ecology and taxonomy of USDA-NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS database Water Canyon, Canadian County, [online]. (Accessed on 1 March 2005). Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, University of Available from Oklahoma, Norman. http://plants.usda.gov/plants. Taylor, R. J. and C. S. Taylor. 1991. An National Plant Data Center, Baton annotated list of the ferns, fern allies, Rouge, LA. gymnosperms, and flowering plants of Waterfall, U. T. 1969. Keys to the flora of Oklahoma. Southeastern Oklahoma Oklahoma, 4th ed. Published by the State University, Durant. 133 p. author, Stillwater. 246 p. Trewartha, G. T. 1968. An introduction to climate. McGraw-Hill, New York. 399 p.

Table Summary of floristic collections from a study site in Canadian County, Oklahoma.*

Taxonomic group Species Native spp. Introduced spp.

Pteridophyta 3 3 0

Coniferophyta 2 1 1

Magnoliophyta 329 289 40

Magnoliopsida 250 222 28

Liliopsida 79 67 12

Total 334 293 41

* Table format follows Palmer et al. (1995).

Hoagland & Buthod 58 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Figure Location of the Canadian County study area.

Hoagland & Buthod Oklahoma Native Plant Record 59 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

APPENDIX Annotated species list. The first entry is habitat (QMJV-M = Quercus muehlenbergii - Juniperus virginiana forest association, mesic subtype; QMJV-X = Q. muehlenbergii - J. virginiana forest association, xeric subtype; SSBC = Schizachyrium scoparium - Bouteloua curtipendula herbaceous association, WETL = wetland and aquatic vegetation, DAOF = disturbed areas and old-field vegetation), followed by life history (A=annual, B=biennial, P=perennial), and collection number. Exotic species are denoted with an asterisk. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium at the University of Oklahoma (OKL).

PTERIDOPHYTA Anacardiaceae Dryopteridaceae Rhus aromatica Ait. (fragrant sumac)- QMJV- Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.(bluntlobe cliff X; P; S; AB-6887 fern) - QMSJV-M; P; H; AB-6788 R. glabra L. (smooth sumac) - DAOF, QMJV- X; P; S; AB-6204 Ophioglossaceae Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (poison ivy) Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (Rattlesnake - QMJV-M; P; S; AB-6252 fern) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6766 Apiaceae Pteridaceae Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. (hairyfruit Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link (purple cliffbreak) chervil) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6922 - QMJV-X; P; H; AB-6261 Sanicula canadensis L. (blacksnakeroot) - CONIFEROPHYTA QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6198 Cupressaceae Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC.) Heller Juniperus virginiana L. (Eastern redcedar) - (bristly scaleseed) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6861 QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6206 Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link* (spreading Thuja occidentalis L.* (arborvitae) - DAOF; P; hedgeparsley) - DAOF; A; H; AB-7148 T; AB-6630 Apocynaceae MAGNOLIOPHYTA Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indianhemp) - SSBC; Magnoliopsdia P; H; AB-6791 Acanthaceae Ruellia humilis Nutt. (wild petunia)- QMJV-X, Asclepiadaceae SSBC; P; H; Ab-6559 Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. (clasping milkweed) - WETL; P; H; AB-6806 Aceraceae A. stenophylla Gray (slimleaf milkweed) - Acer negundo L. (boxelder) - QMJV-M, SSBC; P; H; AB-6555 WETL; P; T; AB-6209 A. viridiflora Raf. (green comet milkweed) - Amaranthaceae SSBC; P; H; AB-7149 Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. (Carlessweed) - A. viridis Walt. (green antelopehorn) - DAOF, DAOF; A; H; AB-6608 SSBC; P; H; AB-6821 Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. (Juda’s bush) - QSJV- Asteraceae M; P; H; AB-6584 Achillea millefolium L. (common yarrow) - DAOF, SSBC; P; H; AB-6775

Hoagland & Buthod 60 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (Plains ragweed) - Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.) H. Rock (lanceleaf DAOF, SSBC; P; H; AB-6551 blanketflower) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6633 A. trifida L. (giant ragweed) - DAOF; A; H; G. suavis (Gray & Engelm.) Britt. & Rusby AB-6233 (perfumeballs) - DAOF, SSBC; P; H; AB- Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. (prairie 6218 broomweed) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6254 Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera (purple Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. everlasting) - DAOF: P; H; AB-6769 (Arkansas dozedaisy) - SSBC; A; H; AB- Grindelia papposa Nesom & Sun (Spanish gold) 6800 - SSBC; A; H; AB-6553 Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. (white sagebrush) - Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby SSBC; P; H; AB-6631 (broom snakeweed) - DAOF, SSBC; P; H; Baccharis salicina Torr. & Gray (false willow) - AB-6588 WETL; P; S; AB-6548 Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower) - Bidens bipinniata L. (Spanish needles) - DAOF, DAOF; A; H; AB-6219 QMJV-m; A; H; AB-6585 H. petiolaris Nutt. (prairie sunflower) - SSBC; Carduus nutans L.* (nodding thistle) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6590 B; H; AB-6801 Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. (goldenaster) - SSBC; A; (camphorweed) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6616 H; AB-6889 Hieracium longipilum Torr. (hairy hawkweed) - Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill (tall thistle) - QMJV-X; P; H; AB-6872 QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6599 Hymenopappus tenuifolius Pursh (Chalk Hill C. undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (wavyleaf thistle) hymenopappus) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6592 - SSBC; P; H; AB-7166 Iva annua L. (annual marshelder) - WETL; A; Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Canadian H; AB-6202 horseweed) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6894 Lactuca canadensis L. (Canada lettuce) - DAOF; C. ramosissima Cronq. (dwarf horseweed) - A; H; AB-6900 DAOF; A; H; AB-6244 Liatris mucronata DC. (cusp blazing star) - Echinacea angustifolia DC. (Blacksamson) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6596 SSBC; P; H; AB-6811 L. squarrosa (L.) Michx. (scaly blazing star) - Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch. (Carolina SSBC; P; H; AB-6595 elephantsfoot) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB- Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners 6629 (Lacy tansyaster) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6278 Engelmannia peristenia (Raf.) Goodman & Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum (stiff Lawson (Engelmann’s daisy) - SSBC; P; goldenrod) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6598 H; AB-6787 Palafoxia rosea (Bush) Cory (rosy palafox) - Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (prairie SSBC; A; H; AB-6549 fleabane) - QMJV-M; A; H; AB-6552 Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Nutt. (tuberous Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (thoughtwort)- desert-chicory) - DAOF; P H; AB-6919 QMJV-M, WETL; P; H; AB-6632 Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. Evax prolifera Nutt. ex DC. (bighead (upright prairie coneflower) - SSBC; P; H; pygmycudweed) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6860 AB-6269 E. verna Raf. (spring pygmycudweed) - Rudbeckia hirta L. (blackeyed susan) - SSBC; P; DAOF; A; H; AB-6938 H; AB-6257

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Silphium laciniatum L. (compassplant) - SSBC; Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. Ex J. F. Gmel.) P; H; AB-6223 MacM. (Carolina puccoon) - SSBC; P; H; Solidago missouriensis Nutt. (Missouri AB-6916 goldenrod) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6550 L. incisum Lehm. (narrowleaf stoneseed) - Sonchus asper (L.) Hill* (spiny sowthistle) - DAOF, SSBC; P; H; AB-7168 DAOF; A; H; AB-6852 Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. (largeseed forget- Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) Nesom var. me-not) - QMJV-M; A; H; AB-6842 drummondii (Drummond’s aster) - QMJV- Brassicaceae M; P; H; AB-6597 Brassica rapa L.* (field mustard) - DAOF; A; S. subulatum (Michx.) Nesom (annual H; AB-6816a saltmarsh aster) - WETL; A; H; AB-6273 Camelina microcarpa DC.* (littlepod false flax) - Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers* DAOF; A; H; AB-6823 (common dandelion) - DAOF; P; H; AB- Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.* (shepherd’s 7155 purse) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6924 Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) Gray var. filifolium Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. (western (stiff greenthread) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6617 tansymustard) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6942 Tragopogon dubius Scop.* (yellow salsify) - Draba brachycarpa Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray DAOF; A; H; AB-6907 (shortpod draba) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6943 Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. ex Kearney Lepidium virginicum L. (Virginia pepperweed) - (wingstem) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6601 DAOF; A; H; AB-6935 V. encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. ex Britt. subsp. alba (golden crownbeard) - DAOF, SSBC; P; (Goodman) Rollins & Shaw (roundleaf H; AB-6222 bladderpod) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6840 V. virginica L. (white crownbeard) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6255 Cactaceae Vernonia baldwinii Torr. (Baldwin’s ironweed) - Escobaria missouriense (Sweet) D. R. Hunt SSBC; P; H; AB-6600 (spinystar) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6960 Xanthium strumarium L. (rough cocklebur) - Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. (twistspine DAOF, WETL; A; H; AB-6225 pricklypear) – QMJV-X, SSBC; P; S; AB- 6954 Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau (trumpet Campanulaceae creeper) - DAOF; P; V; AB-7152 Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavón) Greene Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (southern catalpa) - (clasping Venus’ looking-glass) - DAOF, DAOF; P; T; AB-6790 SSBC; A; H; AB-6940 C. speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. Caprifoliaceae (northern catalpa) - DAOF; P; T; AB- Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench (coralberry) - 6611 QMJV-X; P; S; AB-6236 Boraginaceae Viburnum rufidulum Raf. (rusty blackhaw) - Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston QMJV-X; P; S; AB-6226 (beggarslice) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6201 Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia L.* (thymeleaf sandwort) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6911

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Cerastium pumilum W. Curtis* (European C. missurica (Raf.) Shinners (prairie sandmat) - chickweed) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6948 DAOF; A; H; AB-6897 Paronychia jamesii Torr. & Gray (James’ C. nutans (Lag.) Small (eyebane) - DAOF; A; nailwort) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6567 H; AB-6247 Stellaria media (L.) Vill.* (Common chickweed) Croton glandulosus L. (Vente conmigo) - SSBC; - DAOF, QMJV-M;A; H; AB-6918 A; H; AB-6258 C. lindheimerianus Scheele (threeseed croton) - Celastraceae SSBC; A; H; AB-6615 Celastrus scandens L. (American bittersweet) - C. monanthogynus Michx. (prairie tea) - DAOF, QMJV-M; P; S; AB-6634 SSBC; A; H; AB-6614 Chenopodiaceae C. texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. (Texas Chenopodium murale L.* (nettleleaf goosefoot) - croton) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6593 DAOF; A; H; AB-6565 Euphorbia corollata L. (flowering spurge) - C. pratericola Rydb. (desert goosefoot) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6260 DAOF; A; H; AB-6606 E. cyathophora Murr. (fire-on-the-mountain) - C. simplex (Torr. ) Raf. (mapleleaf goosefoot) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6604 DAOF; A; H; AB-6566 E. dentata Michx. (toothed spurge) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6241 Convolvulaceae E. hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng. (sixangle spurge) Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. (bush morning-glory) - - DAOF; A; H; AB-6249 SSBC; P; H; AB-6893 E. marginata Pursh (snow-on-the-mountain) - Cornaceae DAOF; A; H; AB-6216 Cornus drummondii C. A. Mey. (roughleaf E. spathulata Lam. (warty spurge) - DAOF; A; dogwood) - DAOF, QMJV-X; P; T; AB- H; AB-6844 6871 Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L. (Queen’s delight) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6767 Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth (Missouri gourd) - Fabaceae DAOF; P; H; AB-6883 Amorpha canescens Pursh (leadplant) - WETL; Melothria pendula L. (Guadeloupe cucumber) - P; S; AB-6772 DAOF; P; H; AB-6253 A. fruticosa L. (desert false indigo) - SSBC; P; S; AB-6272 Elaeagnaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. (American Elaeagnus angustifolia L.* (Russian olive) - hogpeanut) - QMJV-X; A; H; AB-7158 DAOF; P; T; AB-6558 Astragalus lotiflorus Hook. (lotus milkvetch) - Euphorbiaceae QMJV-X; P; H; AB-6945 Acalphya virginica L. (Virginia threeseed Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. (blue wild mercury) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6876 indigo) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6773 Argythamnia mercurialiana (Nutt.) Muell.-Arg. Cercis canadensis L. (eastern redbud) - QMJV- var. mercurilaiana (tall silverbush) - SSBC; M, QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6279 P; H; AB-6815 Dalea aurea Nutt. ex Pursh (golden prairie Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Englem.) Small clover) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6268 (ribseed sandmat) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6618 D. enneandra Nutt. (nineanther prairie clover) - C. maculata (L.) Small (spotted sandmat) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6229 DAOF; A; H; AB-6576

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D. multiflora (Nutt.) Shinners (roundhead Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. prairie clover) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6577 (Slimflower scurfpea) - SSBC; P; H; AB- D. purpurea Vent. (purple prairie clover) - 6828 SSBC; P; H; AB-6881 Robinia pseudoacacia L.* (black locust) - DAOF, Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B. L. QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6899 Robins. & Fern. (prairie bundleflower) - Strophostyles helvula (L.) Ell. (trailing fuzzybean) DAOF, WETL; P; H; AB-6230 - DAOF; P; H; AB-6573 Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (hoary ticktrefoil) Vicia villosa Roth* (winter vetch) - DAOF; A; - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6568 H; AB-6817 D. glutinosum (Muhl.) ex Willd. Wood Fagaceae (pointedleaf ticktrefoil) - QMJV-M; P; H; Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak) - QMJV- AB-7164 M; P; T; AB-6275 D. nudiflorum (L.) DC. (nakedflower ticktrefoil) Q. marilandica Muenchh. (blackjack oak) - - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6896 QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6771 D. sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray (sessileleaf Q. muehlenbergii Engelm. (chinkapin oak) - ticktrefoil) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6571 QMJV-M, QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6207 Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust) - DAOF; P; T; AB-7159 Geraniaceae Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch (kentucky Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. Ex Ait.* coffeetree) - QMJV-M; P; T; AB-7159 (redstem stork’s beak) - DAOF; A; H; Indigofera miniata Ortega (coastal indigo) - AB-6913 SSBC; P; H; AB-6853 Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina geranium) - Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino* DAOF; A; H; AB-6786 (Korean clover) - DAOF; A; H; AB-3232 G. pusillum L.* (small geranium) - DAOF; A; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don* H; AB-6850 (Chinese lespedeza) - DAOF; P; H; AB- Juglandaceae 6265 Juglans nigra L. (black walnut) - QMJV-M; P; L. stuevei Nutt. (tall lespedeza) - QMJV-X; P; T; AB-7147 H; AB-6562 Medicago minima (L.) L.* (burr medick) - Krameriaceae DAOF; A; H; AB-6846 Krameria lanceolata Torr. (trailing krameria) - Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.* (yellow SSBC; P; H; AB-6803 sweetclover) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6792 Lamiaceae Mimosa nuttallii (DC.) B. L. Turner (Nuttall’s Hedeoma drummondii Benth. (Drummond’s sensitive-briar) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6774 false pennyroyal) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6610 Neptunia lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. (yellow puff) H. hispida Pursh (rough false pennyroyal) - - SSBC; P; H; AB-6959 SSBC; A; H; AB-6858 Oxytropis lambertii Pursh (purple locoweed) - Lamium amplexicaule L.* (henbit) - DAOF; A; SSBC; P; H; AB-6822 H; AB-6926 Pisum sativum L.* (garden pea) - DAOF; A; H; Salvia azurea Michx. ex Lam. (azure blue sage) AB-6816 - SSBC; P; H; AB-6271 S. lyrata L. (lyreleaf sage) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6886

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Teucrium canadense L. (Canada germander) - O. laciniata Hill (cutleaf evening-primrose) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6215 DAOF; P; H; AB-6785 Linaceae O. macrocarpa Nutt. (bigfruit evening-primrose) Linum rigidum Pursh (stiffstem flax) - SSBC; A; - SSBC; P; H; AB-6781 H; AB-6845 O. speciosa Nutt. (pinkladies) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6851 Loasaceae Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt. ex James) Heynh. Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims (false gaura) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6234 (chickenthief) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6221 Oxalidaceae Malvaceae Oxalis stricta L. (common yellow oxalis) - Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray DAOF, SSBC; P; H; AB-6923 (purple poppymallow) - DAOF; P; H; AB-6799 Papaveraceae Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G. B. Ownbey Menispermaceae (crested pricklypoppy) - SSBC; A; H; AB- Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. (Carolina coralbead) 6793 - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6199 Menispermum canadense L. (common moonseed) Passifloraceae - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6797 Passiflora lutea L. (yellow passionflower) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6264 Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata L. (carpetweed) - DAOF; A; Phytolaccaceae H; AB-6888 Phytolacca americana L. (American pokeweed) - DAOF; P; H; AB Moraceae Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. (Osage orange) Plantaginaceae - DAOF, QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6195 Plantago heterophylla Nutt. (slender plantain) - Morus rubra L. (red mulberry) - QMJV-M; P; SSBC; A; H; AB-6937 T; AB-6620 P. patagonica Jacq. (wooly plantain) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6859 Nyctaginaceae P. rhodosperma Dcne. (redseed plantain) - Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl (white four SSBC; A; H; AB-6837 o’clock) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6578 M. nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. (heartleaf four Polygalaceae o’clock) - DAOF; P; H; AB-6833 Polygala alba Nutt. (white milkwort) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6224 Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash) - Polygonaceae QMJV-M; P; T; AB-6560 Eriogonum annuum Nutt. (annual buckwheat) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6256 Onagraceae E. longifolium Nutt. (longleaf buckwheat) - Calylophus berlandieri Spach (Berlandier’s SSBC; P; H; AB-6262 sundrops) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6825 Polygonum aviculare L. (prostrate knotweed) - Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. (wavyleaf DAOF; A; H; AB-6609 beeblossom) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6827 P. lapathifolium L. (curlytop knotweed) - Oenothera biennis L. (common evening- WETL; A; H; AB-6895 primrose) - DAOF; P; H; AB-6213

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P. punctatum Ell. (dotted smartweed) - WETL; Rutaceae A; H; AB-6563 Ptelea trifoliata L. (common hoptree) - SSBC; P; P. scandens L. (climbing false buckwheat) – T; AB-6770 QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6605 Zanthoxylum hirsutum Buckl. (Texas Hercules’ P. virginianum L. (jumpseed) - QMJV-M; P; H; club) - QMJV-M; P; T; AB-6820 AB-6214 Salicaceae Rumex crispus L.* (curly dock) - DAOF, Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. (eastern WETL; P; H; AB-6780 cottonwood) - WETL; P; T; AB-6200 Salix exigua Nutt. (sandbar willow) - WETL; Portulacaceae P; T; AB-6561 Portulaca pilosa L. (kiss me quick) - DAOF; A; S. nigra Marsh. (black willow) - WETL; P; T; H; AB-6304 AB-6267 Ranunculaceae Santalaceae Clematis pitcheri Torr. & Gray (bluebill) - Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. subsp. pallida (A. QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6819 DC.) Piehl (pale bastard toadflax) - SSBC; Delphinium carolinianum Walt. subsp. virescens P; H; AB-6866 (Nutt.) Brooks (Carolina larkspur) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6802 Sapindaceae Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. (soapberry) Rosaceae - QMJV-M; P; T; AB-6280 Geum canadense Jacq. (white avens) - QMJV- M; P; H; AB-6809 Sapotaceae Prunus angustifolia Marsh. (Chickasaw plum) - Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. (gum bully) - DAOF, SSBC; P; S; AB-6277 QMJV-X; P; T; AB-6890 P. mexicana S. Wats. (Mexican plum) - QMJV- Scrophulariaceae X; P; T; AB-6557 Agalinis densiflora (Benth.) Blake (Osage false Rubiaceae foxglove) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6570 Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (buttonbush) - A. heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex Britt. (prairie WETL; P; S; AB-6228 false foxglove) - SSBC; A; H; AB-6569 Galium aparine L. (stickywilly) - QMJV-M; A; Castilleja indivisa Engelm. (Indian paintbrush) - H; AB-6765 SSBC; A; H; AB-6259 G. circaezans Michx. (licorice bedstraw) - Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D. A. Sutton QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6810 (Texas toadflax) - DAOF, SSBC; A; H; G. virgatum Nutt. (southwestern bedstraw) - AB-684 DAOF; A; H; AB-6856 Penstemon cobaea Nutt. (cobaea beardtongue) - Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg SSBC; P; H; AB-6783 (diamondflowers) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6240 Veronica arvensis L.* (corn speedwell) - DAOF; Houstonia pusilla Schoepf (tiny bluet) - DAOF; A; H; AB-6941 A; H; AB-6912 V. peregrina L. (neckweed) - DAOF; A; H; AB- Sherardia arvensis L.* (blue fieldmadder) - 6857 DAOF; A; H; AB-6843

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Solanaceae Viscaceae Physalis cinerascens (Dunal) A. S. Hitchs. Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Engelm. ex (smallflower groundcherry) - DAOF; P; Gray (Christmas mistletoe) - QMJV-M, H; AB-6814 QMJV-X; P; S; AB-6839 P. heterophylla Nees (clammy groundcherry) - Vitaceae DAOF; P; H; AB-6835 Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (heartleaf P. longifolia Nutt. (longleaf groundcherry) - peppervine) - WETL; P; V; AB-6196 DAOF; P; H; AB-6589 Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia Solanum dimidiatum Raf. (western horsenettle) - creeper) - QMJV-M; P; V; AB-6276 DAOF; A; H; AB-6831 Vitis acerifolia Raf. (mapleleaf grape) - WETL; S. elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf nightshade) - P; V; AB-6582 DAOF; P; H; AB-6197 V. aestivalis Michx. (summer grape) - QMJV- Ulmaceae M; P; V; AB-6817a Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata (Torr.) L. V. cinerea (Engelm.) Millard var. cinerea Benson (netleaf hackberry) - QMJV-X, (graybark grape) - QMJV-M; P; V; AB- SSBC; P; T; AB-6591 6930 C. laevigata Willd. var. texana Sarg. (Texan V. vulpina L. (frost grape) - QMJV-M; P; V; sugarberry) - QMJV-M; P; T; AB-6838 AB-6818 Ulmus americana L. (American elm) - QMJV- M; P; T; AB-6266 Liliopsida U. parvifolia Jacq.* (Chinese elm) - DAOF; P; Agavaceae T; AB-7153 Yucca glauca Nutt. (soapweed) - SSBC; P; T; U. pumila L.* (Siberian elm) - DAOF; P; T; AB-6796 AB-6789 U. rubra Muhl. (slippery elm) - DAOF; P; T; Araceae AB-6208 Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (green dragon) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6782 Valerianaceae Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. (beaked Commelinaceae cornsalad) - WETL; A; H; AB-6863 Commelina erecta L. var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fern. (whitemouth dayflower) - QMJV- Verbenaceae M; P; H; AB-6575 Phryma leptostachya L. (American lopseed) - Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth (prairie QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6898 spiderwort) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6829 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (turkey tangle fogfruit) – QMJV-M; P; H; AB-6812 Cyperaceae Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. (bigbract Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. (whitetinge verbena) - DAOF, SSBC; A; H; AB-6865 sedge) - QMJV-X; P; G; AB-6952 V. urtricifolia L. (white vervain) - WETL; A; H; C. blanda Dewey (eastern woodland sedge) - AB-6217 QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6950 C. brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie (shortbeak Violaceae sedge) - QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6951 Viola bicolor Pursh (johnny jump-up) - DAOF; C. leavenworthii Dewey (Leavenworth’s sedge) - A; H; AB-6915 QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6870

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C. oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. (richwoods B. hirsuta Lag. (hairy grama) - SSBC; P; G; AB- sedge) - QSJV-M; P; G; AB-6869 6245 Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Bromus catharticus Vahl* (rescuegrass) - DAOF; (tapertip flatsedge) - DAOF, SSBC; P; G; A; G; AB-6910 AB-6868 B. japonicus Thumb. ex Murr.* (Japanese C. lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks (Great Plains brome) - DAOF; A; G; AB-6826 flagsedge) - DAOF, SSBC; P; G; AB-7165 B. pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. (hairy woodland C. schweinitzii Torr. (Schweinitz’s flatsedge) - brome) - QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6778 SSBC; P; G; AB-6579 B. tectorum L.* (cheatgrass) - DAOF; A; G; Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl (hairy AB-6920 fimbry) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6949 Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (coastal sandbur) - DAOF; A; G; AB-6612 Iridaceae Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates (Indian Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. (narrowleaf woodoats) - QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6235 blue-eyed grass) - DAOF; P; H; AB-6864 Chloris verticillata Nutt. (tumble windmill grass) Juncaceae - DAOF; P; G; AB-6231 Juncus bufonius L. (toad rush) - WETL; A; G; Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.* (bermudagrass) - AB-6867 DAOF; P; G; AB-6891 J. tenuis Willd. (poverty rush) - QMJV-M; P; Dactylis glomerata L.* (orchardgrass) - DAOF; G; AB-7157 P; G; AB-6798 Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould Liliaceae & C. A. Clark (needleleaf rosette grass) - Allium canadense L. var. fraseri Ownbey (fraser QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6586 meadow garlic) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6807 D. malacophyllum (Nash) Gould (softleaf Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. (smooth rosette grass) - QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6836 Solomon’s seal) - QMJV-M; P; H; AB- D. oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Gould var. 6794 scribnerianum (Nash) Gould (Scribner’s Orchidaceae rosette grass) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6946 Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. (northern slender Digitaria cognata (J. A. Schultes) Pilger ladies’-tresses) - SSBC; P; H; AB-6581 (Carolina crabgrass) - DAOF; WETL; P; Poaceae G; AB-6626 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. (winter Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern.* (rough bentgrass) - WETL; P; G; AB-6936 barnyardgrass) - WETL; A; G; AB-6587 Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem) - Elymus canadensis L. (Canada wildrye) - QMJV- SSBC; P; G; AB-6892 M; P; G; AB-7162 Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl. (gummy Fern. (slimspike threeawn) - DAOF; A; G; lovegrass) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6879 AB-6594 E. intermedia A. S. Hitchc. (plains lovegrass) - A. oligantha Michx. (prairie threeawn) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6944 DAOF, SSBC; A; G; AB-6622 E. secundiflora J. Presl. subsp. oxylepis (Torr.) S. Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter (silver D. Koch (red lovegrass) - DAOF; P; G; beardgrass) - DAOF; P; G; AB-7163 AB-6613 Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (sideoats E. sessilispica Buck. (tumble lovegrass) - SSBC; grama) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6884 P; G; AB-6878

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E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (purple lovegrass) - Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub.* (tall fescue) SSBC; P; G; AB-6904 - DAOF; P; G; AB-6813 E. trichodes (Nutt.) Wood (sand lovegrass) - Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little SSBC; P; G; AB-6602 bluestem) - QMJV-X, SSBC; P; G; AB- Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley) - DAOF; 6251 A; G; AB-6779 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Leersia virginica Willd. (whitegrass) - QMJV-M; (yellow foxtail) - DAOF; A; G; AB-6583) P; G; AB-6628 S. viridis (L.) Beauv.* (green bristlegrass) - Lolium perenne L.* (perennial ryegrass) - DAOF; A; G; AB-6873 DAOF; P; G; AB-6824 Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indiangrass) - Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl (nodding muhly) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6248 QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6624 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.* (Johnsongrass) - M. sylvatica Torr. ex Gray (woodland muhly) - DAOF; P; G; AB-7151 QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6603 Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link (prairie Panicum anceps Michx. (beaked panicgrass) - cordgrass) - WETL; P; G; AB-6203 QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6227 Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray (sand P. capillare L. (witchgrass) - DAOF; A; G; AB- dropseed) - DAOF, SSBC; P; G; AB-6627 6903 S. vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood var. P. virgatum L. (switchgrass) - DAOF, WETL; ozarkanus (Fern.) Shinners (Ozark P; G; AB-6270 dropseed) - SSBC; P; G; AB-6625 Paspalum dilatatum Poir.* (Dallisgrass) - SSBC; Tridens flavus (L.) A. S. Hitchc. (purpletop P; G; AB-7150 tridens) - DAOF, QMJV-X; P; G; AB- P. setaceum Michx. (thin paspalum) - WETL; P; 6242 G; AB-6621 Vulpia elliotea (Raf.) Fern. (squirreltail fescue) - Phalaris caroliniana Walt. (Carolina canarygrass) DAOF; A; G; AB-6935a - WETL; A; G; AB-6925 Smilacaceae Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.* Smilax bona-nox L. (saw greenbriar) - QMJV- (common reed) - WETL; P; G; AB-7160 M, QMJV-X; P; H; AB-6211 Poa annua L.* (annual bluegrass) - DAOF; A; S. rotundifolia L. (roundleaf greenbriar) - G; AB-6928 QMJV-M, QMJV-X; P; H; AB-7154 P. arachnifera Torr. (Texas bluegrass) - SSBC; S. tamnoides L. (bristly greenbriar) - QMJV-M; P; G; AB-6909 P; H; AB-6556 P. chapmaniana Scribn. (Chapman’s bluegrass) - Typhaceae SSBC; A; G; AB-6808 Typha domingensis Pers. (Southern cattail) - Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. (sugarcane WETL; P; H; AB-6875 plumegrass) - WETL; P; G; AB-6953 Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. (tumblegrass) - DAOF, SSBC; P; G; AB- 6882

Hoagland & Buthod Oklahoma Native Plant Record 69 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Vascular Flora of a Riparian Site on the Canadian River, Cleveland County, Oklahoma

Lacy Burgess Bruce W. Hoagland Department of Geography Oklahoma Biological Survey University of Oklahoma and Department of Geography Norman, OK 73019 University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 e-mail: [email protected]

This article reports the results of an inventory of the vascular plants from a riparian site in central Oklahoma. One hundred and sixty-three species of vascular plants in 131 genera and 45 families were collected. The most species were collected from the families Asteraceae (32) and Poaceae (26). Fifty-eight species were annuals, 97 perennials, and 8 biennials. Eight species of woody plants were present. Twenty-nine species, or 18% of the flora, were exotic to Oklahoma. No species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service nor those tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory were encountered.

INTRODUCTION been heavily impacted by natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the Canadian Although North America has a long River. Natural disturbances consist of history of botanical inventory, exotic species flooding and channel migration, which often are often under-represented in herbarium destroy extant vegetation. Anthropogenic collections. Herbarium collections typically disturbances at the site include the abandoned document the native flora of an area. Many City of Norman Municipal Landfill (NML) botanists have historically shown little interest and sand and gravel removal for an adjacent in collecting “weeds” or non-native species. asphalt plant. The NML now serves as a Thus it is difficult to determine the arrival and national test site for United States Geological establishment of exotic and invasive species Survey (USGS) studies of water pollution (Cronk and Fuller, 2001). The same is true of associated with landfills. The plant species list highly disturbed areas which have historically resulting from this project will serve as a been under-collected by botanists due to baseline for USGS researchers and their higher concentrations of non-native species cooperators working at the NML. (Planty-Tabacchi et al., 1996). In recent years such habitats have become of interest, STUDY AREA particularly in Europe, because they harbor a greater occurrence and abundance of exotic The study area occupies 254 hectares species (Ferreira and Moreira, 1995; Kowarik, on the Canadian River in Cleveland County, 1995). Oklahoma (35° 16’N, 95° 44’W). The site has The objective of this study is to been heavily disturbed by a variety of land inventory the flora of a riparian area that has uses (Figure), including the NML, which was

Burgess & Hoagland https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100047 70 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

active from 1922 until 1985 (Curtis and America were made from naturalized Whitney, 2003). Active sand excavation populations only, thus excluding cultivated occurs in the southern portion of the study and ornamental plants. Specimens were area. In addition, the Canadian River is used processed at the Robert Bebb Herbarium of for recreational purposes by the citizens of the University of Oklahoma (OKL) following Norman. Past agricultural uses include hay standard procedures. Manuals used for fields and livestock grazing. specimen identification included Waterfall The dynamics of the Canadian River (1969) and Diggs et al. (1999). Origin, either has also affected plant species composition. native or introduced, was determined by using The Canadian River is a braided stream that USDA-NRCS (2006). Nomenclature follows often ceases to flow during summer months. the US Department of Agriculture-Natural Discharge on the Canadian River averages Resources Conservation Service (USDA- 310.16 m³/second (Tortorelli, 1999). A NRCS, 2006). Voucher specimens were significant flood event in 1987 pushed the deposited at OKL. river channel approximately 500m south to the present location. Other major floods were RESULT AND DISCUSSION recorded in 1941, 1948, and 1986 (Curtis and One hundred sixty-three species of Whitney, 2003). vascular plants in 45 families, and 131 genera Climate of the study area is semi-arid were collected (Appendix, Table). The continental. The hottest month is July, with Asteraceae (32), Poaceae (26), Fabaceae (11), an average temperature of 27.8oC, and the and Cyperaceae (10), had the greatest number coldest is January, with an average of species. Fifty-eight species of annuals, eight temperature 2.4oC (Oklahoma Climate Survey biennials, and 97 perennials were collected. 2006). The growing season is six months long Eight species of woody plants were collected, (Bourlier et al., 1987). Topography at the site five of which were primarily represented by consists of gently rolling, southwest sloping young saplings. No federally listed threatened plains. The soils are Quaternary alluvium on or endangered species, or species tracked by terrace deposits. Two soil types are present, the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory, the Gracemore silty clay loam and the were encountered during this study. Carduus Gracemore loamy fine sand and/or clay nutans (Asteraceae) and Rhynchospora nivea loams, both of the Gracemore-Gracemont (Cyperaceae) were records for Cleveland Association (Bourlier et al., 1987). Both soils County (Hoagland et al., 2006). are frequently flooded, moderately alkaline, Twenty-nine species (18%) from 14 and calcareous. Underlying the alluvium is a families were introduced. The family with the low permeability unit of shale and mudstone greatest number of introduced species was (Eganhouse, et al., 1999). Poaceae (11). Sixteen of the introduced species were annuals or biennial and 13 were MATERIALS AND METHODS perennials. The percentage of exotic species at Voucher specimens were collected this site exceeds those reported in recent from 1m2 plots placed at 23m intervals along floristic studies in Oklahoma, which range a transect and from random sites throughout from 9-13 percent of the flora (Hoagland and the study area. Collections were made at two- Johnson, 2001, 2004a, 2004b; Hoagland and week intervals from April through November Buthod, 2003, 2004; Hoagland and Wallick, 2005. Vouchers for species exotic to North 2003; Hoagland, et al., 2004; Hoagland, et al.,

Burgess & Hoagland Oklahoma Native Plant Record 71 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

2004). Given the small size of the flora, exotic Environment and Engineering species richness would be expected to have a Geoscience. 9:241-257 disproportional effect. This is likely Diggs, G.M, BL.Lipscomb, and R.J. augmented by the disturbance history of the O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners and site. Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Two habitat types predominated at the Central Texas. Botanical Research study site. Wetland and aquatic vegetation Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas. included the Canadian River channel and small Eganhouse, R.P., I.M. Cozzarelli, M.A. Scholl, ephemeral wetlands. Common species and L.L. Matthews. 1999. Evidence included Amorpha fruticosa, Andropogon for Natural Attenuation of Volatile glomeratus, Eleocharis obtusa, Juncus torreyi, Salix Compounds in the Leachate Plume of exigua, S. nigra, Schoenoplectus americanus, Tamarix a Municipal Landfill Near Norman, gallica, and Typha latifolia. Disturbed areas and Oklahoma. In US Geological Survey old-fields were sites heavily impacted by the Toxic Substances hydrology Program- human activities described above. These areas Proceedings of the Technical Meeting were generally represented by fewer species, Charleston, South Carolina March 8- many of which were introduced. Common 12, 1999. Water–Resources species in this habitat included Ambrosia trifida, Investigations Report 99-4018C. Amphiachyris dracunculoides, Convolvulus arvensis, Ferreira , M.T. and I.S. Moreira. 1995. The Cyperus esculentus, Bromus tectorum, Helianthus Invasive Component of a River Flora maximiliani, Torilis arvensis, and Verbesina Under the Influence of Mediterranean encelioides. Agricultural Systems. In Plant Invasions-General Aspects and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special Problems. Editors P. Pysek,K. We thank Jennifer Larsen and Christy Prach, M. Rejmanek, and M. Wade. Batterson for field assistance. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p. 85- REFERENCES 103. Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2003. Bourlier, B.G, G.A. Sample, B.G. Swafford, Vascular flora of the Keystone and G. Douthit. 1987. Soil Survey of Wildlife Management Area, Creek, Cleveland County, Oklahoma. United Pawnee, and Osage Counties, States Department of Agriculture, Soil Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Conservation Service. Record. 3:23-37. Cronk, Q.C.B., and J.L.Fuller. 2001. Plant Hoagland, B.W. and A.K. Buthod. 2004. invaders: The threat to natural Vascular flora of Hugo Lake Wildlife ecosystems. Earthscan Publications Management Area, Choctaw County, Ltd. Sterling, Virginia, USA. Oklahoma. Southeast Naturalist. Curtis J.A. and J.W. Whitney. 2003. 3:701-714. Geomorphic and Hydrologic Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2001. Assessment of Erosion Hazards at the Vascular flora of the Chickasaw Norman Municipal Landfill, Canadian National Recreation Area, Murray River Floodplain, Central Oklahoma. County, Oklahoma. Castanea 66:383- 400.

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Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2004a. Vegetation. In Plant Invasions-General Vascular flora of Chouteau Wildlife Aspects and Specia Problems. Editors P. Management Area, Wagoner County, Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rejmanek, and M. Oklahoma. Oklahoma Native Plant Wade. SPB Academic Publishing, Record. 4:30-39. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p. 85- Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2004b. 103. Vascular flora of Love Valley Wildlife Oklahoma Climatological Survey. 2006. Management Area, Love County, Oklahoma climatological data [online]. Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Available from Oklahoma Academy of Science. http://www.ocs.ou.edu/. (Accessed 83:47-62. on 1 February 2006). Hoagland, B.W. and F.L. Johnson. 2004c. Palmer, M.W., G.L. Wade, and P. Neal. 1995. Vascular flora of Red Slough and Standards for the writing of floras. Grassy Slough Wildlife Management Bioscience 45:339-345. Areas, Gulf Coastal Plain, McCurtain Planty-Tabacchi, A.M., E. Tabacchi, R.J. County, Oklahoma. Castanea. Naiman, C. Deferrari, and H. 69:284-296. Decamps. 1996. Invasibility of Species Hoagland, B.W. and K. Wallick. 2003. Rich Communities in Riparian Zones. Vascular flora of Oologah Wildlife Conservation Biology 10: 598-607. Management Area in Nowata County, Pysek, P. and K. Prach. 1993. Plant Invasions Oklahoma. Proceedings of the and the Role of Riparian Habitats: A Oklahoma Academy of Science. Comparison of Four Species Alien to 83:47-62. Central Europe. Journal of Hoagland, B.W., A.K. Buthod, and W. Biogeography 20: 413-420. Elisens. 2004. Vascular flora of Pysek, P. 1995. On the Terminology Used in Washita Battlefield National Historic Plant Invasion Studies. In Plant Site, Roger Mills County, Oklahoma. Invasions-General Aspects and Sida. 21:1187-1197. Special Problems. Editors P. Pysek, K. Hoagland, B.W., P. Crawford-Callahan, P. Prach, M. Rejmanek, and M. Wade. Crawford, and F.L. Johnson. 2004. SPB Academic Publishing, Vascular flora of Hackberry Flat, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p. 71- Frederick Lake, and Suttle Creek, 81. Tillman County, Oklahoma. Sida. Tortorelli, R. L. 1999. Statistical Summaries of 21:429-445. Streamflow in Oklahoma Through Hoagland, B.W., A.K. Buthod, I. Butler, P. 1999. Callahan-Crawford, W. Elisens, A. http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024025/ Udasi and R. Tyrl. 2006. Oklahoma (accessed 5-27-2006) Vascular Plants Database. [online]. USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database Available: (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 June http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu. 2006). National Plant Data Center, (Accessed on 1 March 2006). Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. Kowarik, I. 1995. On the Role of Alien Waterfall, U.T. 1969. Keys to the Flora of Species in Urban Flora and Oklahoma. Published by the author.

Burgess & Hoagland Oklahoma Native Plant Record 73 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Table Summary of floristic collections made in Cleveland County, Oklahoma.*

Taxonomic group Species Nativespp. Exoticspp.

Equisetophyta 2 2 0

Coniferophyta 1 1 0

Magnoliophyta 160 131 29

Magnoliopsida 116 100 16

Liliopsida 44 31 13

Total 163 134 29 * Table format follows Palmer et al. (1995).

Burgess & Hoagland Oklahoma Native Plant Record 74 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

Figure Location of Norman Landfill Site, Cleveland County, Oklahoma.

Burgess & Hoagland Oklahoma Native Plant Record 75 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

APPENDIX Annotated species list for a riparian site on the Canadian River in Cleveland County, Oklahoma. The first entry indicates life history (A = Annual, B = Biennial, P = Perennial), followed by habitat (WETL = wetland and aquatic vegetation, DAOF = disturbed areas and old-field vegetation), and collection number. Exotic species are denoted with an asterisk. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Robert Bebb Herbarium at the University of Oklahoma (OKL).

Coniferophyta Carduus nutans L.* (nodding plumeless thistle): Cupressaceae B, DAOF, #154 Juniperus virginiana L. (eastern red cedar): P, Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. (soft goldenaster): A, DAOF, #152 DAOF, #1 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (horseweed): A, Equisetophyta DAOF, #132 Equisetaceae Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (plains coreopsis): P, Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm) A.A. DAOF, #133 Eat. (scouringrush horsetail): P, WETL, #15 Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. (slender Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun (smooth scratchdaisy): A, DAOF, #134 horsetail): P, WETL, #16 Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. (clasping coneflower): A, DAOF, #158 Magnoliophyta Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (false daisy): P, WETL, #53 Magnoliopsida Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (daisy fleabane): A, Anacardiaceae DAOF, #90 Rhus glabra L. (smooth sumac): P, DAOF, Erigeron philadelphicus L. (Philadelphia #149 fleabane): P, DAOF, #2 Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (poison ivy): Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (lateflowering P, DAOF, not collected# thoroughwort): P, DAOF, #135 Euthamia gymnospermoides Greene (Texas Apiaceae goldentop): P, WETL, #195 Cicuta maculata L. (spotted water hemlock): B, Helianthus hirsutus Raf. (hairy sunflower): P, WETL, #150 DAOF, #138 Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link* (hedge parsley): Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. (Maximilian A, DAOF, #85 sunflower): P, DAOF, #139 Asteraceae Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. (prairie sunflower): Achillea millefolium L.* (common yarrow): P, A, DAOF, #4 DAOF, #50 Heterotheca canescens (DC.) Shinners. (hoary Ambrosia psilostachya D.C. (western ragweed): false goldenaster): P, DAOF, #116 P, DAOF, #86 Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed): A, DAOF, (camphorweed): A, DAOF, #56 Lost# Iva annua L. (annual marshelder): A, DAOF, Amphiachyris dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. (prairie #141 broomweed): A, DAOF, #131 Lactuca canadensis L. (Canada lettuce): B, Aphanostephus skirrhobasis DC. (lazy daisy): A, DAOF, #5 DAOF, #51

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Pluchea odorata L. Cass (purple camphorweed): P, DAOF, #91 Boraginaceae Rudbeckia hirta L. (blackeyed susan): P, DAOF, Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray (phlox #57 heliotrope): A, DAOF, #119 Rudbeckia grandiflora (D. Don) J.F. Gmel. Ex Brassicaceae D.C. (blackeyed susan): P, DAOF, #142 Lepidium virginicum L. (Virginia pepperweed): Solidago gigantea Ait. (giant goldenrod): P, A, WETL, #60 DAOF, #143 Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. (stalkless Sonchus asper (L.) Hill *(spiny sowthistle): A, yellowcress): A, DAOF/WETL, #7 DAOF, #158 Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. (bog yellowcress): A, Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. ericoides WETL, #120 (white heath aster): P, DAOF, #196 Campanulaceae Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) Gray var. filifolium Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (clasping (stiff greenthread): P, DAOF, #145 Venus’ looking-glass): A, DAOF, #8 Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Gray (golden crownbeard): A, DAOF, #199 Caryophyllaceae Xanthium strumarium L. (rough cocklebur): A, Arenaria serpyllifolia L.* (thymeleaf sandwort): DAOF, #146 A, DAOF, #10 Amaranthaceae Chenopodiaceae Amaranthus cruentuss L. (slim amaranth): A, Chenopodium ambrosioides L.* (Mexican tea): A, DAOF, #44 WETL, #9 Apiaceae Convolvulaceae Cicuta maculata L. (spotted water hemlock): B, Convolvulus arvensis L.* (field bindweed): P, WETL, #117 DAOF, #11 Conium maculatum L.* (poison hemlock): B, WETL, #45 Euphorbiaceae Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaetrn.* (knotted Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners (prairie hedgeparsley): A, DAOF, #148 sandmat): A, DAOF, #156 Cnidoscolus texanus (Muell.-Arg) Small (bull Apocynaceae nettle): P, DAOF, #157 Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indianhemp): P, Euphorbia marginata Pursh (snow on the WETL, #47 mountain): A, DAOF, #159 Asclepiadaceae Fabaceae Asclepias viridis Walt. (green antelopehorn): P, Amorpha fruticosa L. (false indigo): P, WETL, DAOF, #49 # 95 Asclepias arenaria Torr. (sand milkweed): P, Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx) Greene var. DAOF, #118 fasciculata, (partridge pea): P, DAOF, #96 Bignoniaceae Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex. B.L. Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex. Bureau Robins & Fern. (Illinois bundleflower): P, (trumpet creeper): P, DAOF, #52 DAOF, #97 Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (southern catalpa):, P Desmodium ciliare (Muhl ex Willd.) DC. (hairy WETL/DAOF, #6 small-leaf ticktrefoil): P, DAOF, #191

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Indigofera miniata Ortega (coastal indigo): P, Onagraceae DAOF/WETL, #123 Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh (scarlet Lathyrus hirsutus L.* (Caley pea): A, DAOF, # beeblossom): P, DAOF, #23 66 Gaura mollis James (velvetweed): P, DAOF, Lespedeza stuevei Nutt.(tall lespedeza): P, #24 DAOF, #192 Gaura villosa Torr. (woolly beeblossom): P, Medicago lupulina L. (black medick): P, DAOF, DAOF/WETL, #127 #193 Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven (floating Melilotus officialis (L.) Lam. (yellow sweet primrose-willow): P, WETL, #193 clover): B, DAOF, #99 Oenothera laciniata Hill (cutleaf evening- Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott (trailing primrose): A, DAOF, #37 fuzzybean): A, WETL./DAOF, #160 Oenothera biennis L. (common evening- Vicia villosa Roth* (winter vetch): B, DAOF, primrose): B, DAOF/WETL, #84 #162 Oxalidaceae Gentianaceae Oxalis stricta L. (common yellow oxalis): P, Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisb. ex G. Don ssp. DAOF, # 72 russellianum (Hook.) Kartesz Papaveraceae (showy prairie gentian): P, DAOF, #144 Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey Sabatia campestris Nutt. (prairie rose): A, (crested pricklypoppy): A, DAOF, #161 DAOF/WETL, #100 Plantaginaceae Lamiaceae Plantago patagonica Jacq. (woolly plantain): A, Lamium amplexicaule L.* (henbit deadnettle): DAOF, #25 A, DAOF, #20 Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W. Bart. Polygonaceae (American water horehound): P, WETL, Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (swamp #163 smartweed): P, WETL, #75 Teucrium canadense L. (American germander): P, Polygonum lapathifolium L. (curlytop knotweed): DAOF, #165 A, WETL, #194 Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. (bushy Lythraceae knotweed): A, WETL, #102 Ammannia coccinea Rottb. (valley redstem): A, Rumex crispus L.* (curly dock): P, WETL, #76 WETL, #87 Lythrum alatum Pursh (winged lythrum): P, Primulaceae DAOF/WETL, #126 Samolus valerandi L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hulten Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne (lowland rotala): (seaside brookweed): P, WETL, #78 A, WETL, #70 Ranunculaceae Malvaceae Clematis terniflora DC.* (sweet autumn Callirhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) Gray virginsbower): P, DAOF, #79 (purple poppymallow): P, DAOF, #22 Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus (cursed Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. (heartleaf buttercup): P, WETL, #80 four o'clock): P, DAOF, #101 Rubiaceae Galium aparine L. (stickywilly): A, DAOF, #129

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Sherardia arvensis L.* (blue fieldmadder): A, Valerianaceae DAOF, #39 Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. (beaked cornsalad): A, DAOF, #42 Salicaceae Populus deltoides Bart. ex Marsh. (eastern cottonwood): P, WETL, #175 Verbenaceae Salix exigua Nutt. (sandbar willow): P, WETL, Phyla lanceolata (Michx.)Greene (lanceleaf #176 frogfruit): P, WETL, #83 Salix nigra Marsh (black willow): P, WETL, Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (turkey tangle #177 frogfruit): P, WETL, #82 Verbena stricta Vent. (hoary verbena): P, Scrophulariaceae DAOF, #189 Agalinis heterophylla (Nutt.) Small ex. Britt. (prairie false foxglove): A, DAOF/WETL, Vitaceae #178 Vitis cinerea (Engelm.).Engelm ex. Millard Agalinis aspera (Dougl. ex. Benth.) Britt. (tall (sweet grape): P, DAOF, #190 false foxglove): A, DAOF/WETL, #179 Castilleja indivisa Engelm.(Indian paintbrush): Liliopsida A, DAOF, #111 Commelinaceae Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. (narrowleaf Commelina virginica L. (Virginia dayflower): P, paleseed): A, DAOF, #88 DAOF, #151 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. (water speedwell): Cyperaceae P, WETL, #40 Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. (fescue Veronica peregrina L. (neckweed): A, WETL, sedge): P, WETL, #62 #180 Cyperus esculentus L.* (yellownutsedge): P, Solananceae WETL, #12 Datura wrightii Regel (sacred thorn-apple): P, Cyperus odoratus L. (fragrant flatsedge): A, DAOF, #182 WETL, #153 Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf ground cherry): A, Cyperus squarrosus L. (bearded flatsedge): A, WETL/DAOF, #183 WETL, #54 Physalis heterophylla Nees (clammy Cyperus strigosus L. (strawcolored flatsedge): P, groundcherry): P, DAOF, #184 WETL, #174 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (silverleaf Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) J.A. Schultes (blunt nightshade): P, WETL, #185 spikerush): P, WETL, #13 Solanum physalifolium Rusby (hoe nightshade): Fuirena simplex Vahl (western umbrella-sedge): A, DAOF, #186 P, WETL, #14 Solanum rostratum Dunal (buffalobur Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk. ex. Schinz nightshade): A, DAOF, #187 & Keller (chairmaker’s bulrush): P, WETL, #155 Tamariaceae Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) Lye (cosmopolitan Tamarix gallica L.* (salt cedar): P, bulrush): P, WETL, #122 WETL/DAOF, #114 Rhynchospora nivea Boeckl. (showy whitetop): P, WETL, #112

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Iridaceae Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.* Sisyrinchium angustifolium P. Mill. (narrowleaf (barnyardgrass): A, DAOF/WETL, #28 blue-eyed grass): P, DAOF, #18 Elymus canadensis L. (Canada wildrye): P, DAOF, #168 Juncaceae Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia wildrye): P, Juncus acuminatus Michx. (tapertip rush): P, DAOF, #29 WETL, #67 Festuca brevipila Tracey* (hard fescue): P, Juncus biflorus Ell. (bog rush): P, WETL, #195 DAOF, #169 Juncus marginatus Rostk. (grassleaf rush): P, Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley): A, WETL, #124 WETL/DAOF, #30 Juncus torreyi Coville (Torrey’s rush): P, WETL, Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes #19 (prairie Junegrass): P, DAOF/ WETL, #31 Lilaceae Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis (Lam. Ornithogalum umbellatum L.* (star of ) Snow (bearded sprangletop): P, bethleham): P, DAOF, #21 DAOF/WETL, #32 Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Poaceae Husnot* (Italian ryegrass): P, DAOF, #33 Andropogon ternarius Michx. (splitbeard Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass): P, bluestem): P, DAOF, #170 WETL/DAOF, #35 Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. (bushy Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steudel* bluestem): P, WETL, #164 (common reed): P, WETL, #171 Aristida oligantha Michx. (prairie threeawn) : A, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.* (rabbitsfoot DAOF, # 174 grass): A, WETL, #36 Bromus catharticus Vahl* (rescuegrass) : A, Saccharum ravennae (L.) L.* (Ravenna grass): P, DAOF, # 89 WETL, #172 Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.* (Japanese Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. brome): A, DAOF, #26 scoparium (little bluestem): P, DAOF, #173 Bromus tectorum L.* (cheatgrass): A, DAOF, #27 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguèlen (marsh bristlegrass): P, WETL, #109 Cenchrus spinifex Cav. (coastal sandbur): A, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.* (Johnson grass): P, DAOF/WETL, #166 DAOF, #110 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.* (Bermuda grass): P, Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray (sand DAOF, #105 dropseed): P, DAOF, #128 Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Typhaceae Freckmann (western panicgrass): P, DAOF, Typha domingensis Pers. (southern cattail)): P, #174 WETL, #188 Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger (fall witchgrass): P, DAOF, #125

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Critic’s Choice Essay Cedar-apple Rust Clark L. Ovrebo Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034

The photograph on the cover basidiospores. The basidiospores are carried illustrates a phenomenon of nature that can by the wind to distances of up to three be seen in the Oklahoma springtime at miles, where they land and infect the leaves about the same time that the redbuds are in of an apple tree. In late spring or early flower and the morels are fruiting. The summer light yellowish orange spots form orange-colored masses represent a stage in on the upper surface of the leaves (Fig. 4). the life cycle of cedar-apple rust, Small flask-shaped structures called Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, and this spermagonia appear on the leaf surface. The stage is occurring on the eastern red cedar spermagonia are sticky and produce (Juniperus virginiana). spermatia (spores) that insects carry to Rust fungi are obligate plant another spermagonium where fertilization parasites; that is, they require a living host in takes place. The hyphae (fungal filaments) order to obtain nutrition and survive. Rust that result from fertilization grow toward fungi have among the most complicated of the lower surface of the leaf where small all fungal life cycles with most rusts pustules called aecia are formed. The aecia requiring two hosts to complete their life release aeciospores during mid-summer that cycles. You may have heard of the wheat are wind-dispersed to Juniperus trees and the rust (Puccinia graminis) that, throughout the infection process starts over. The entire life history of cultivated crops, has been a cycle takes about two years to complete, devastating plant pathogen. Its second host with the longest developmental stage on the is the barberry (Berberis spp.). Juniperus. As the common name suggests, the The most damage is done to the apple cedar-apple rust divides its time between trees, so the rust is of concern to apple Juniperus species and apple or flowering crab growers because of their commercial trees. Since we have the photo of the stage importance. Trees may lose the infected on the Juniperus, that is where we will begin leaves and apple production and quality will our examination of the life cycle (Fig. 1). be diminished. Fungicidal sprays are At first, brown gall-like structures available to treat both tree species. For that are rather hard and less than 2 inches in more information and additional photos on diameter form (Fig. 2). They can be seen the cedar-apple rust, visit developing on cedar trees in the wintertime http://www.ento.okstate.edu. and have been referred to as “cedar apples.” Then, in response to spring rains, the galls expand considerably and send out the telial horns (Fig. 3). These orange, finger-like gelatinous structures, which are masses of teliospores, grow from the galls. The teliospores are two-celled and later a ONPS basidium grows from each and releases four

Ovrebo, C.L. https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.17.100048 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006 81

basidium m

teliospore basidiospores

telial horns

apple leaf x.s.

spermagonium aeciospores

developing “cedar-apple gall” aecium

Figure 1 Life cycle of Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

Figure 2 Gymnosporangium juniperi- Figure 3 Telial horns. Figure 4 Rust spots on apple. virginianae “Cedar-apple gall”. Photo by L.B. Stabler Photo courtesy of Photo by author. Oklahoma State University Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology.

Ovrebo, C.L. 8 Oklahoma Native Plant Record 2 Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006

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Oklahoma Native Plant Record is published annually by Oklahoma Native Plant Society. Submission for publication in the journal is open to all. Manuscripts will be accepted on topics related to Oklahoma's regional botany, including historical research reports, current research articles, site record species lists, and descriptions of new or important species sightings in Oklahoma. Oklahoma's environmental gradients of human impact, climate, and elevation make us a prime target for research on habitat edges, species ranges, and edge species, therefore, articles of other themes may be included as well. Research overlooked by journals of broader geographic regions will be considered for publication in the Record.

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Managing Editor, Oklahoma Native Plant Record Oklahoma Native Plant Society c/o Tulsa Garden Center 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114 Five-Year Index to Oklahoma Native Plant Record

Volume 1 3 Historical Record: Spermatophyta of Oklahoma County, Oklahoma Exclusive of the grasses, Sedges and Rushes, U.T. Waterfall 25 Oklahoma county floristic List, Bruce W. Hoagland 39 Native Orchids of Oklahoma, Lawrence K. Magrath 67 Galium parisiense var. Leiocarpum Tausch, New for Oklahoma. Lawrence K. Magrath 72 Critic’s Choice Essay: the Limestone Glade, Jim Norman Volume 2 4 Vascular Plants of the Wichita Mountains, Paul Buck 22 Floristic List for Comanche County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland 54 Schoenoplectus hallii and S. saximontanus; Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge Survey: 2000, Lawrence K. Magrath 65 Pontotoc Ridge Floristic Survey: 1999, Forrest L. Johnson, Patricia Folley (ed.) 82 ONPS Editorial: Water, Soil, and Plant Diversity in Oklahoma, Sheila Strawn Volume 3 4 Black Mesa flora study, James K. McPherson 19 Black Mesa State Park flora update, Patricia A. Folley 23 Vascular flora of the Keystone Wildlife Management Area, Bruce Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod. 38 Floristic survey of the The Nature Conservancy’s preserve, Johnston County, OK, Kimberly A. Shannon. 51 Historical accounts of the transformation of a pairie town, Todd D. Fagin and Melissa S. Brown. 68 Triphora trianthophora and Tipularia discolor in Oklahoma, Lawrence K. Magrath Volume 4 4 Ecological facators affecting the distribution of woody vegetation near the Arkansas River, Tulsa County, Anne Wanamaker Long 24 Cotinus obovatus Raf. (Smoke-tree) in Oklahoma, Bruce Hoagland. 26 Giant cane and southeastern Indian baskets, Julia A. Jordan. 30 Vascular flora of the Couteau Wildlife Management Area, Wagoner County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland and Forrest L. Johnson. 40 Status and Habitat Charactreristics of Chyprepedium kentuckiense (Kentucky lady’s slipper) in Southeastern Oklahoma, Bruce Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod. 48 Common Lawn and garden mushrooms of central Oklahoma, Clark L. Ovrebo 56 Why do species names change? Patricia A. Folley Volume 5 4 Relationship of Forest Vegetation to Soils on Geological Formations of the Oklahoma Gulf Coastal Plain, R. John Taylor 39 A Vegetation Analysis of a Pimpled Prairie in Northeastern Oklahoma, Constance L. Murray 61 Vascular Flora of a Site along the Arkansas River, Pawnee County, Oklahoma, Bruce W. Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod 73 Additions to the Flora of Garvin County, Oklahoma, Phillip T. Crawford and Priscilla H.C. Crawford 98 Tribute to John Taylor, ONPS members Non-Profit Oklahoma Native Plant Society Organization c/o Tulsa Garden Center U.S. Postage Paid 2435 South Peoria Tulsa, OK Tulsa, Oklahoma 74114 Permit No. 357

______

In this issue of Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 6, Number 1, December 2006: ______

4 The Lichens of North Central Oklahoma Darvin W. Keck

51 Annotated Nomenclatural Update to Keck (1961) Douglas M. Ladd

53 Vascular Flora of a Red Sandstone Hills Site, Canadian County, Oklahoma Bruce W. Hoagland and Amy K. Buthod

69 Vascular Flora of a Riparian Site on the Canadian River, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, Lacy Burgess and Bruce W. Hoagland

80 Critic’s Choice: Cedar-apple Rust Clark L. Ovrebo

Five Year Index to Oklahoma Native Plant Record inside back cover