Union Calendar No. 611

106TH CONGRESS "!REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 106–1049

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ACTIVITIES

OF THE

ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS

A REPORT

FILED PURSUANT TO SECTION 136 OF THE LEGISLATIVE REORGA- NIZATION ACT OF 1946 (2 U.S.C. 190d), AS AMENDED BY SECTION 118 OF THE LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1970 (PUB- LIC LAW 91–510), AS AMENDED BY PUBLIC LAW 92–136

JANUARY 2, 2001.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 89–006 WASHINGTON : 2001 COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York, Chairman WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa TOM LANTOS, California HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois HOWARD L. BERMAN, California DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DAN BURTON, Indiana Samoa ELTON GALLEGLY, California MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California* ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida DONALD PAYNE, New Jersey CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio DONALD MANZULLO, Illinois CYNTHIA A. MCKINNEY, Georgia EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida PETER T. KING, New York PAT DANNER, Missouri STEVEN J. CHABOT, Ohio EARL F. HILLIARD, Alabama MARSHALL ‘‘MARK’’ SANFORD, BRAD SHERMAN, California South Carolina ROBERT WEXLER, Florida MATT SALMON, Arizona STEVE ROTHMAN, New Jersey AMO HOUGHTON, New York JIM DAVIS, Florida TOM CAMPBELL, California EARL POMEROY, North Dakota JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts KEVIN BRADY, Texas GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York RICHARD BURR, North Carolina BARBARA LEE, California PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York GEORGE RADANOVICH, California JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania JOHN COOKSEY, Louisiana THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado RICHARD J. GARON, Chief of Staff LAURA L. RUSH, Legislative Coordinator * Election to the Committee automatically vacated September 13, 2000, pursuant to House Rule X, clause 5(b).

(II) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC, January 2, 2001. Hon. JEFF TRANDAHL, Clerk of the House of Representatives, Washington, DC. DEAR MR. TRANDAHL: I enclose herewith a report for the 106th Congress of the Legislative Review Activities of the Committee on International Relations in accordance with section 136 of the Legis- lative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended by section 118 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, as amended by Public Law 92–136. With best wishes, Sincerely, BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, Chairman.

(III)

FOREWORD

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC, January 2, 2001. Under rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 136 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, the Com- mittee on International Relations is authorized to exercise contin- uous surveillance of the execution by the executive branch of laws within the committee’s jurisdiction. The review of ‘‘oversight’’ activities of the Committee on International Relations was augmented by the adoption of section 118 of the Legislative Reorga- nization Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–150), as amended by Public Law 92–136. This provision requires standing committees of the House and the Senate after January 1, 1973, to make reports to their respective Houses on their activities in reviewing and studying the ‘‘application, administration, and execution of those laws or parts of laws, the subject of which is within the jurisdiction of that committee.’’ House committees are required to file such reports ‘‘not later than January 2 of each odd-numbered year.’’ It is in fulfillment of the obligation of the Committee on International Relations to account to the House for its legislative review activities during the 106th Congress that this report has been prepared and submitted. The report was prepared by Laura L. Rush, Legislative Coordi- nator for the Committee.

(V)

C O N T E N T S

Page Letter of Transmittal ...... III Foreword ...... V I. Introduction: Oversight in the foreign affairs field ...... 1 A. Authorities for legislative review ...... 1 B. Recent oversight development in the Committee on Inter- national Relations ...... 3 C. Oversight activities and criteria ...... 5 D. Oversight Activities of the Committee—106th Congress ...... 6 II. General review activities of the committee ...... 15 A. Executive branch reports ...... 15 B. Reference documents: 1. Legislation on Foreign Relations ...... 15 2. Legislative Calendar ...... 16 C. Study missions and participation in international conferences and events ...... 16 III. Summaries of legislative activities by the committee ...... 17 IV. List of hearings and markups by full committee and subcommittees ...... 30 A. Full committee ...... 30 B. Subcommittee on Africa ...... 42 C. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific ...... 44 D. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere ...... 47 E. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade ...... 49 F. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights ... 53 G. Protocol Meetings ...... 56 Appendixes: I. Witnesses before full committee and subcommittees during the 106th Congress ...... 59 A. Congressional ...... 59 B. Executive Branch ...... 60 C. Non-Governmental ...... 71 II. Committee Origins and History ...... 91 III. Meetings of the Committee on International Relations from 64th Con- gress through 106th Congress ...... 95 IV. Members of the subcommittees of the Committee on International Rela- tions (106th Congress) ...... 99 V. Chairmen of the House International Relations Committee ...... 101 VI. Committee on International Relations legislative progress chart ...... 104

(VII) Union Calendar No. 611

106TH CONGRESS REPORT "! 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 106–1049

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ACTIVITIES

JANUARY 2, 2001.—Committed to the Committee on the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

Mr. GILMAN, from the Committee on International Relations, submitted the following

REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION: OVERSIGHT IN THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS FIELD A. Authorities for Legislative Review The responsibilities and potentialities of legislative review are re- flected in the multiple authorities which are available to the Com- mittee on International Relations. The most prominent is section 118 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (Public Law 91– 510):

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW BY STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (a) Scope of assistance. In order to assist the Congress in— (1) Its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of the application, administration, and execution of the laws enacted by the Con- gress, and (2) Its formulation, consideration, and enactment of such modifications of or changes in those laws, and of such additional legislation, as may be necessary or appropriate, each standing committee of the Senate and the House of Represent- atives shall review and study, on a continuing basis, the application, administration, and execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of that committee. Such committees may carry out the required analysis, appraisals, and evaluation themselves, or by contract, or may require a Government agency to do so and furnish a 2 report thereon to the Congress. Such committees may rely on such techniques as pilot testing, analysis of costs in compari- son with benefits, or provision for evaluation after a defined period of time. 1 A second type of authority fostering legislative review is the special oversight granted by the House Committee Reform Amend- ments of 1974 (H.Res. 988, approved Oct. 8, 1974). Special oversight, which is intended to enable committees to conduct comprehensive oversight of matters directly bearing upon their speci- fied responsibilities even if those matters fall within the jurisdiction of other standing committees, permits an expansion of the legislative review jurisdiction of a committee. The Committee on International Relations currently has special oversight jurisdiction in four areas under clause 3(d) of House Rule X. 3. (d) The Committee on International Relations shall have the function of reviewing and studying, on a continuing basis, all laws, programs, and Government activities dealing with or involving customs administration, intelligence activities relating to foreign policy, international financial and monetary organizations, and international fishing agreements. Frequently reporting requirements in legislation obligate various agencies, directly or through the President, to submit reports of certain activities to the Committee on International Relations to the Speaker of the House, who then transmits them to the committee. The House Committee on International Relations is the recipient of one of the largest quantities of required reports from the executive branch. In addition to the authorities noted above, the congressional budget process provides the committee with another important tool for oversight. Pursuant to section 301(c) of the Congressional Budg- et and Impoundment Act of 1974, each standing committee of the House is required to submit to the Committee on the budget, no later than March 15 of each year, a report containing its views and estimates on the President’s proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. This requirement affords the committee and its subcommittees the opportunity to review those items in the President’s budget which fall under the committee’s jurisdiction, and to establish possible guidelines for subsequent action on authorizing legislation. A final authority which can have an impressive oversight impact is implicit in the authorization process. Regular and frequent reauthorization of programs or agency operations by committees pre- sents the opportunity to investigate administrative personnel hir- ing and promotion practices, agency organization, employee development and benefit programs, policy guidance, and administrative rules and regulations regarding the implementation and execution of policy, among other items. The authorization process also permits program evaluation, an important oversight technique. The legislative review activities of the Committee on Inter- national Relations are sanctioned by various and extensive authorities-the basic mandate of the 1970 Legislative Reorganization Act, the broadened jurisdiction and special oversight provided by the

1 Section 701 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Public Law 93–344) amended the original mandate and authority of the 1970 act by adding the last two sentences regarding program review and evaluation. 3 House Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, statutory reporting requirements, and the authorization process. B. Oversight Developments in the Committee on International Relations During the 95th Congress, the committee received jurisdictional authority over export controls involving nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware, and international commodity agreements involving cooperation in the export of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware. This new jurisdictional authority was provided for by House Resolution 5, which passed the House on January 4, 1977. In the 96th Congress, the committee’s jurisdiction was not en- larged. However, the committee in its organization for the 96th Congress reduced the number of subcommittees from nine to eight. Deleted was the Subcommittee on International Development whose jurisdiction included: (1) dealing with the Agency for Inter- national Development and other U.S. agencies’ operations affecting development; (2) administration of foreign assistance; (3) oversight of multilateral assistance programs; (4) population and food programs; and (5) legislation and oversight with respect to the Peace Corps, which was subsumed by the full committee. The subcommittees for the 96th Congress, representing a mix of geographical and functional responsibilities, were as follows: Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Af- fairs; Subcommittee on International Operations; Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East; Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade; Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs Subcommittee on Africa; and Subcommittee on International Organizations. In the 97th Congress, the subcommittees remained the same with the exception of the Subcommittee on International Organiza- tions, whose name was changed to the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, in order to delineate clear- ly its jurisdiction over the subject of human rights. In the 98th Congress, the subcommittees remained the same; however, the name of the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs was changed to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs. In addition, a special task force was created under the aegis of the full committee, the Task Force on International Narcotics Control. The purpose of this task force was to provide oversight of narcotics- related developments and programs over which the committee has jurisdiction pursuant to rule X of the Rules of the House, which included the following: Narcotics control programs conducted by the Department of State; Narcotics-related projects carried out by the Agency for International Development (AID); Overseas activities of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), the Department of Defense; and the U.S. Customs Service; Narcotics control programs carried out by international organizations; Intelligence issues related to narcotics trafficking and control; Prisoner exchange programs and their im- 4 pact on U.S. narcotics control efforts; Narcotics interdiction programs and agreement; Narcotics-related efforts by the U.S. Infor- mation Agency; and Relationship between international banking/financial transactions and narcotics trafficking. Because of the importance of narcotics control issues, the Task Force was reconstituted every six months through the 102nd Con- gress. Subcommittee structure remained the same for the 99th Con- gress; however, the name of the Subcommittee on International Se- curity and Scientific Affairs was changed to the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science. This change was made to reflect the committee’s and subcommittee’s concern over the important issue of arms control. The jurisdiction of the subcommittee was redefined in the rules of the Committee on Foreign Affairs to read, ‘‘To deal with * * * all aspects of arms control and disarmament with particular emphasis on the investigation and evaluation of arms control and disarmament proposals and con- cepts; * * *’’. Under the Rules of the House, the Committee on International Relations has jurisdiction over issues involving international terrorism pursuant to rule X of the Rules of the House, paragraphs (I)(1), (I)(4–10), and (I)(12–16). For the 99th Congress, two subcommittee jurisdictional changes were made to reflect the committee’s concern with international terrorism. The Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science was given jurisdiction over ‘‘* * * international terrorism with special focus on the U.S. Government’s policies and programs for combating international terrorist movements and actions; * * *’’. The Sub- committee on International Operations jurisdictional responsibility was redefined to include ‘‘* * * international terrorism with special emphasis on policies and programs relating to the enhancement for embassy security and the protection of U.S. personnel and institutions abroad; * * *’’. In addition, two subcommittees had language added to their respective definitions providing responsibility for oversight of international communication and information policy. Lastly, the Sub- committee on Human Rights and International Organizations was given the responsibility for international law. No changes were made in subcommittee structure or jurisdiction for the 100th, 101st, or 102nd Congresses. In the 103rd Congress, the Committee was required by the Rules of the Democratic Caucus to reduce the number of subcommittees from eight to six. However, due to concern about retaining a subcommittee with exclusive focus on Africa, the Committee received a waiver of Rule 35(B) of the Democratic Caucus and retained seven subcommittees. The Subcommittee on Arms Control, Inter- national Security, and Science, and the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations were merged to create the Subcommittee on International Security, International Organiza- tions, and Human Rights. The jurisdiction of that subcommittee was essentially a merger of the jurisdictions of the two subcommittees. However, specific reference to ‘‘* * * law enforcement issues to include terrorism and narcotics control programs and activities * * *’’ was added to the jurisdiction of the subcommittee, thereby 5 consolidating all jurisdiction over narcotics and terrorism in one subcommittee. The Committee also added specific reference to environmental issues to the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Inter- national Economic Policy and Trade and changed the name of the subcommittee to the Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade, and Environment to reflect that addition. In addition, jurisdiction over the operating expenses of the Agency for International Develop- ment and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was added to the Subcommittee on International Operations. Finally, the Committee made minor conforming changes to the names of two of its regional subcommittees. In the 104th Congress, pursuant to H. Res. 6, passed January 4, 1995, the name of the Committee was changed from ‘‘Foreign Af- fairs’’ to ‘‘International Relations’’. In addition, the number of subcommittees was decreased from seven to five. The Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights, and the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East were dissolved. The Europe and Middle East Subcommittee jurisdiction was reabsorbed by the full Committee. The Subcommittee on Eco- nomic Policy, Trade, and Environment dropped ‘‘environment’’ from its title, returning its name to the ‘‘Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade.’’ The Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights and the Subcommittee on International Operations were combined, with a name change to ‘‘Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights’’. No changes were made in subcommittee structure or jurisdiction for the 105th or 106th Congresses. C. Oversight Activities and Criteria The oversight activities of the Committee on International Rela- tions include a variety of instruments and mechanisms—full committee and subcommittee hearings, members’ and staff study missions abroad, special Congressional Research Service studies, and General Accounting Office assistance and reports in the field of international relations. Committee and subcommittee hearings may be conducted for nu- merous purposes and may simultaneously serve more than one function, i.e., oversight, legislation, or public education. Thus, oversight may exist even when the hearing is not explicitly intended for that purpose. The criteria for determining whether a hearing per- forms the oversight function were identified by the House Select Committee on Committees in 1973 and are as follows: 2 (1) To review and control unacceptable forms of bureaucratic behavior; (2) To ensure that bureaucracy implements the policy objectives of the Congress; (3) To analyze national and international problems requiring Federal action; and (4) To determine the effectiveness of legislative programs and policies.

2 U.S. Congress, House Select Committee on Committees. Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 Report, 93rd Congress, 2d session, March 21, 1974. (H. Rep. No. 93–916, Part II). 6 These same purposes help to define other committee activity which relates to its legislative review function. It should be noted that not all such activity can be included in this report. Oversight may occur informally, not only through the formal processes and mechanisms noted above. Informal discussions between committee members and executive branch officials may constitute oversight in certain instances as may staff examination of agency activity and behavior and staff consultation with agency personnel apart from the normal hearing process. In summary, the legislative review activities of the House Com- mittee on International Relations for the 106th Congress rely on extensive authorities embodied in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and reinforced through the authorization process, subsequent legislation, and reporting requirements. D. Oversight Activities of the Committee on International Relations—106th Congress The following section is set out in compliance with Clause (1)(d)(3) of Rule X. Almost all of the Committee’s day-to-day activities, including hearings and informal meetings, involve oversight of the Adminis- tration or afford the Committee the opportunity to learn of the impact of the Administration’s foreign policy on foreign nations or the American people. The Committee’s Oversight Plan is set out below in full. Al- though the Committee did not accomplish each and every planned oversight item, most of them were accomplished to some degree, some with hearings, others by way of staff work. (Adopted by the Committee, February 11, 1999)

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OVERSIGHT PLAN Rule X, clause 2(d) of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires that each standing Committee adopt an oversight plan for the two-year period of the Congress and to submit the plan to the Committees on Government Reform and House Administration not later than February 15 of the first session of the Congress. Rule XI, clause 1(d) requires that the Committee report, at the end of each Congress, on the recommendations made with respect to its oversight plan and any recommendations made or actions taken thereon. This is the oversight plan of the Committee on International Re- lations for the 106th Congress. It includes the areas in which the Committee hopes to conduct oversight during this Congress. As the Committee’s priorities change, the oversight work of the Committee may change. The fact that an issue is listed here does not mean that the Committee will necessarily hold a formal meeting devoted solely to that issue. The Committee, in the course of its oversight work, may also rely on briefings, member and staff travel, and investigations. It is the intention of the Committee that, wherever practicable, oversight activities will be planned on a bipartisan basis. 7 1. General a. Meetings with foreign political leaders. The Committee’s ongoing program of informal and formal meetings with foreign political leaders gives it the opportunity to explore the effectiveness of United States foreign policy b. Meetings with Administration officials. The Committee’s formal and informal meetings with Administration officials allows Members and staff to explore the effectiveness of the Administra- tion’s implementation of foreign policy 2. International Security/UN/Peacekeeping/General a. Oversight of arms transfer procedures and legislation, including implementation of previous security arms transfer bills; review of specific major proposed arms sales, fighter aircraft to Israel, Greece, Egypt and Chile as well as helicopters to Greece and Tur- key b. Peacekeeping oversight including Administration policy supporting new peacekeeping operations and terminating existing missions; command and control issues; special attention to the status of the international peacekeeping effort in Haiti, Macedonia, Kosovo, Bosnia, and the Middle East c. ‘‘Rogue Regimes’’—Review of the problems of security threats from so-called ‘‘rogue regimes’’ that have or could gain the power to create or use weapons of mass destruction, including but not limited to Iraq, Iran, and North Korea d. Nunn-Lugar program—Review implementation of program aimed at dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons in the former Soviet Union e. Review of START I implementation, START II ratification, and the prospects for START III f. Review of Demarcation and Multilateralization Agreements to Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and other proposed amendments to the treaty g. Review of Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty and possible revisions thereof h. Review of nonproliferation sanctions regimes i. Other nonproliferation and disarmament topics: i. Effectiveness of International Atomic Energy Agency ii. Status of Fissile Material Production Ban iii. Review effectiveness of existing and proposed nuclear weapon free zones in Latin America, the South Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia iv. Review of efforts by the U.S. and Russia to curtail exports of sensitive military technologies to Iran and other states; assessment of Iran’s nuclear capabilities and a review of the need for legislation to address these problems v. Compliance with arms control agreements vi. The disposition and elimination of excess weapons-grade plutonium stores worldwide vii. The status of the land mine treaty ban viii. Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement ix. Prospects to expand membership in the Missile Techno- logical Control Regime, including China 8 x. Review of South Asia and sanctuary issues j. Security Assistance—Review effectiveness and implementation of security assistance programs including foreign military financ- ing, economic support fund, international military education and training, and non-proliferation and disarmament fund and other ‘‘spigots’’ k. UN reform/arrearages with a focus on the impact of arrearages on U.S. foreign policy l. International crime issues: i. Russian organized crime, and the international response to it, as well as its impact on American and other investment in the Russia and elsewhere ii. Impact of U.S. foreign assistance in the rule of law area on U.S. ability to combat international crime m. Oversight of agency implementation of the Government Per- formance and Results Act (‘‘GPRA’’) n. Narcotics oversight i. The emerging heroin crisis and the Administration’s plans for dealing with it ii. Source nations strategy, with special attention to Colom- bia and Peru iii. Eradication efforts and their effectiveness; alternative development iv. The ‘‘certification process’’ and the annual drug certification determinations for the major drug producing and transit nations around the globe v. Plans for riverine interdiction program vi. Aggressive oversight of the war on drugs in the hemisphere and of the Administration’s implementation of the major portions of H.R. 4300 of the 105th Congress known as ‘‘The Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act,’’ including a focus on the provision and use of helicopters in Columbia to eradicate opium production vii. Efforts to avoid disruption of U.S. counternarcotics operations as a result of the scheduled termination of the U.S. military presence in Panama after December 31, 1999 o. Terrorism/espionage oversight i. The AMIA (Buenos Aries Jewish Community building) bombing and the emerging threat of Islamic-fundamentalist based terrorism in Latin America ii. Effectiveness of the U.S. technological response to terrorism iii. Overseas visa lookout system in the light of the new provisions of law relative to the exclusion of aliens on membership in foreign terrorist organizations iv. Security of U.S. government facilities abroad, especially in the former Soviet Union v. Oversight and evaluation of the State Department’s post- East Africa terrorist bombings security program plans and ex- penditure of the monies provided by the 105th Congress to in- crease post security around the globe. This oversight to include review of personnel increases and asset management to mini- mize cost of property acquisition 9 p. Multilateral export controls: Role of Waassenar export control arrangement q. Review of international implications of the Y2K computer problem 3. State Department and related agencies operations a. Oversight/legislation on personnel & contractor misconduct and on the Foreign Service (update Foreign Service Act) (possibly as part of an item under (1)) b. Management of the foreign affairs agency workforce; assign- ment process; utilization of the civil service; size of the senior foreign service and senior executive service c. Review of Administration’s planning for constrained budgets d. Problems in the administration of foreign affairs, including Y2K e. Review of smaller international organizations to which the U.S. belongs f. Review of duplication, lack of coordination in exchange/visitor programs g. Review of foreign affairs inspectors general h. Review of the implementation of the ICASS (International Co- operative Administrative Support Services) system i. Overseas property management, including a hearing on management of the Office of Foreign Buildings; expenditures of supplemental funds; progress on asset management (property disposal and acquisitions); review of supplemental spending plan j. Implementation and development of staffing models, including review of the future of the Foreign Service, personnel practices, and management of overseas presence; a hearing to pull together recent studies on the foreign service and personnel experts k. American Institute in Taiwan (general oversight) l. International Commissions m. Hearing with the Secretary of State on the FY 2000 budget and authorization issues, including GPRA issues, supplemental spending plans, and reorganization plans etc. n. Review the 60 day plan for consolidation of the U.S. Informa- tion Agency and the Agency for International Development into the Department of State, with plans for continual oversight throughout the course of the year o. Review of the separation of the International Broadcasting function. Also review quality control issues of VOA and RFE/RL and the Broadcasting Board of Governors responsibility to assure broadcasts are of the highest quality p. Review consolidation of Administrative functions underway over the last few years q. Oversight of the jointly managed Diplomatic Telecommuni- cations Service r. If the Satellite Competition Act is revived, conduct hearings on elements within our jurisdiction s. Review practice and procedures for receiving foreign parlia- mentarians t. Review of exchange program issues respecting coordination and overlap, competition for management of the Fulbright program, mission planning on exchange participants 10 u. Review of the linkage of resources to foreign policy objectives v. Review of Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA)— arms control, disarmament, and related issues arising from consolidation of ACDA with the Department of State w. Review of diplomacy programs now conducted by the United States Information Agency 4. Foreign Assistance Oversight a. Review cost, management, donor coordination and impact of U.S. foreign assistance programs. Special emphasis will be given to major aid programs in: i. Eastern Europe ii. The New Independent States of the former Soviet Union iii. Drug-producing countries iv. Haiti v. Africa vi. Activities that are research and promotional in character relating to international cooperation on environmental and other scientific issues b. Review size, purpose and effectiveness of FY1999 and FY2000 International Affairs Function 150 budgets. Special emphasis will be given to expected Administration initiatives, such as: i. Increased aid to the NIS ii. Increases in the Economic Support Fund program iii. UN reform and arrears payments iv. U.S. participation in and contributions to the U.N. and af- filiated agencies, e.g. WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA c. Conduct special review of programs with noted problems focus- ing on activities highlighted in AID Inspector General and GAO reports. Special emphasis will be given to AID— i. Missions and Operations ii. Credit Programs iii. AID’s New Management System iv. Strategic Objectives v. Enterprise Fund Management vi. The ‘‘R4’’ (‘‘Review of Resources, Requirements, and Re- sults’’) process d. Special attention will be given to the effectiveness of programs that have consumed large amounts of Congressional attention in recent years, including: i. U.S. participation in and contributions to international population planning activities and related programs and policies ii. U.S. participation in and contributions to international child survival activities and related programs and policies iii. Review of refugee and migration assistance programs and administrative expenses of the bureau charged with carrying out the purposes of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 e. Tour of world-wide progress of democracy; review efficiency and effectiveness of USG funded democracy programs; review support for the democratic opposition in Iraq 11 5. Europe a. Periodic reviews of the region with the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs b. Review of U.S. policy towards Russia and other states of the former Soviet Union c. Oversight of SEED Act assistance programs d. Enterprise Funds in Eastern Europe and the NIS e. Developments in the Baltic Region (to assess U.S. interests, policy and events in the Baltic states and the surrounding region) f. Developments in and U.S. policy toward Serbia & Montenegro and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia g. New Independent States: i. Oversight of FREEDOM Support Act assistance program, Nunn-Lugar Assistance program, and other programs of assistance by agencies such as USIA and DOE in the New Inde- pendent States ii. U.S.-Russian relations iii. Assessing Russian foreign policy objectives iv. Russian relations with China v. Developments in and examinations of U.S. policy toward the Western New Independent States of the former Soviet Union—Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova vi. Developments in Central Asia vii. Developments in Armenia, including the status and policy assessment of the conflict over the region of Nagorono- Karabakh viii. Developments in Russia as well as an examination into Russian military deployments in the other New Independent States ix. The Silk Road—The East-West Corridor in the New Inde- pendent States h. Review of NATO Enlargement process and related legislation, as well as other NATO-related issues, including internal restruc- turing of the Alliance i. U.S.-E.U. relations (political, security, trade and financial issues; European monetary union; and the process of European in- tegration) j. Review of Bosnia and Kosovo k. Review of Cyprus l. Review of Northern Ireland m. Examination of U.S. policy towards the East European States n. Examination of U.S. policy towards Southeast Europe: Roma- nia, Bulgaria and Macedonia 6. Middle East a. Periodic reviews of the region with the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs b. Review of U.S. policy toward Iraq with focus on the implementation of the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 c. Review of U.S. policy, relations, and sanctions towards Iran with focus on the implementation of the Iran Libya Sanctions Act d. Review of Turkey’s role in the Middle East e. Review of Middle East peace process and related assistance 12 f. Review of Gulf policy (Saudi Arabia and Gulf Cooperation Council states) g. Review of Iranian foreign policy objectives in the Middle East h. Impact of fundamentalism in the Middle East and its impact on U.S. interests i. Review of U.S. policy towards North Africa, with special attention to Libya j. Review of U.S. assistance to Egypt k. Review of U.S. economic interests, and economic development in the Middle East and North Africa l. Review of U.S. relations with Yemen m. Treatment of Israel by the United Nations n. Review of EDA utilization in the Middle East and its role in augmenting or replacing military aid o. Review of micro-credit programs in the Middle East p. Review of Peace Corps activities and programs in both Jordan and Yemen 7. Asia a. U.S.—China economic and political relations; options for U.S. policy toward China; U.S.-China Summit #3, with special emphasis on China’s possible WTO accession b. Overview of U.S. interests in East Asia c. Overview of South Asia d. AID activities in Asia e. North Korean political instability; KEDO; Foreign Aid to North Korea; North-South dialogue; trading with North Korea; the Agreed Framework Policy and an assessment of its intended effectiveness; North Korean missile proliferation f. U.S.-Sino relations after 20 years g. Review of POW-MIA issues for both Vietnam and Korea h. U.S.-Burma relations i. U.S.-Indonesia relations; potential instability in Indonesia j. Agricultural exports to Asia k. China technology transfer l. East Timor—Autonomy or Independence m. Military-to-military relations in Asia (The U.S. relies on a network of relationships to maintain its forward presence in Asia; this is supplemented by training and education) n. U.S. democracy promotion activities in Asia o. Overview of Hong Kong since Reversion; Macau’s Future—Re- version p. Economic and demographic change in the PRC q. American energy development business potential in Asia r. Free trade in Asia: implementing the APEC vision s. The ‘‘Great Power Game’’ in Asia: China, Japan, Russia, and the U.S. t. U.S. and Republic of Korea relations u. Taiwan’s relations with the PRC and the Taiwan Relations Act after 20 years v. Democracy and human rights in Cambodia w. India-Pakistan nuclear stalemate x. Regional cooperation in Southeast Asia y. Sex trade and child abuse in Asia 13 z. Resource sharing issues between India, Bangladesh, and Nepal aa. Review of the CINCPAC, East-West Center, Asia-Pacific Cen- ter, and Joint Task Force Full Accounting bb. Chinese nonproliferation practices cc. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army: Its goals, influence, and commercial ties dd. Taiwan’s effort to be admitted to the United Nations ee. The future of Afghanistan ff. U.S. interests in the Central Asian republics gg. U.S.-Japan Alliance hh. The Asian Financial Crisis iiiHuman Rights in China: 10 Years After Tiananmen jj. The security relationship between the U.S. and New Zealand kk. The future of ASEAN ll. The impact of U.S. sanctions policy in Asia mm. U.S. and South Asian Relations nn. The various nations economic and military interests in the South China Sea oo. Cambodia’s fragile government pp. Democracy and rule of law in China qq. Problems and Promises with China & WTO accession rr. Theater missile defense: The Asian perspective ss. Overview of the Pacific compacts tt. Vietnam—Prospects for closer relations 8. Western Hemisphere a. In General—Importance of political stability and economic growth to U.S. Interests; a review of the strength of democracy in the region (including recognizing upcoming democratic elections in several nations, corruption, appropriate role of the military, etc.); Summit of the Americas follow-up; the emerging role of civil society in Latin America; the status of judicial reform in the Hemisphere efforts to control drugs and immigration b. Trade—Evaluation of NAFTA; free trade in the Americas; Chile accession; importance of MERCOSUR, South America’s common market, and subregional agreements; Caribbean Basin enhancement; and the role of the OAS and IDB in Regional Develop- ment c. Central America—Consolidating and maintaining democratic gains and status and assessments of relief efforts in post-Hurricane Mitch recovery and reconstruction d. Security—Advanced arms sales to Latin America; hemispheric security and confidence-building measures; cooperation against illegal drugs; guerrillas and ‘‘narcoterrorism’’; an update on the guer- rilla war in Columbia, in particular, and the New Peace Process and the final U.S. withdrawal from Panama as well as the future U.S. presence in Panama e. South America—Mercosur; Argentina (intellectual property rights and terrorist bombings); Chile (NAFTA accession); recognizing the border settlement between Peru and Ecuador; recognizing the continued peace process in Guatemala; and the Colum- bian Peace Process 14 f. Cuba—Implementation of Libertad Act; multilateral efforts; human rights and internal dissident movements; Cuba broadcasting; oversight of the new U.S. policy initiatives towards Cuba g. Mexico—Drug cooperation and corruption; NAFTA Implemen- tation; economy; political reforms; elections; and Mexico’s efforts to control illegal immigration h. Haiti—A review of the political situation with a focus on the future of democracy, including elections and strengthening/profes- sionalizing democratic institutions (incl. police); human rights and extrajudicial killings; and sustainable investment/jobs i. U.S. relations with Mexico and Canada j. An overview of the strength of the region’s economy in the wake of the Brazil financial crisis k. Other—Caribbean (drug cooperation, economic stability, & CBI enhancement); Canadian unity; role of the OAS; and Inter- American Development Bank 9. Africa a. Review of African human rights issues b. Review of ongoing democratization efforts in Africa c. Review of US trade and investment in Africa d. Review of developments in African countries gripped conflict e.g. Angola, Congo-B, Congo-K, Sierra Leone etc., and the ongoing conflict resolution efforts, including peacekeeping issues e. Slavery in Africa f. Monitor the problems of corruption and organized crime in Af- rica g. The African Crisis Response Initiative and possible US support for peacekeeping operations in Africa h. Review the development of independent radio in Africa i. Review of the development of African regional economic and monetary organizations j. Review of the situation in the Western Sahara k. Review of the Rwanda/Burundi crisis 10. Human Rights a. Review of human rights country reports b. Implementation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other internationally recognized human rights c. Torture Victims Relief issues d. Child Labor—Administration efforts to implement Inter- national Labor Organization child labor conventions; slave labor; and related practices e. International refugee protection and resettlement f. International trafficking in women and children g. Religious persecution—Oversight of implementation of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 h. Review of People’s Republic of China (political and religious repression, forced abortion and sterilization, forced labor, situation of Tibetan and Uighur minorities) i. Sudan (slavery, religious and race-based persecution, allega- tions of genocide) j. Central Africa (human rights and refugee issues in Rwanda, Congo, and surrounding countries) 15 k. Vietnam (religious and political persecution, access to U.S. resettlement programs, and related issues) 11. Economic Policy and the Environment a. Enterprise Funds b. Overview of global trade situation and implementation of International Monetary Fund terms and conditions c. Trade distorting actions by foreign governments (bribery, economic espionage, manipulation of customs rules, import licensing, skewing health and safety standards, etc.); Mutual Recognition Agreements (‘‘MRAs’’); efforts by other foreign governments to implement the OECD Anti Bribery Convention d. OPIC/TDA Oversight e. EAA Oversight; encryption issues f. Implementation of Iraq, Iran and other sanctions regimes by State and Treasury g. Global environmental trends: International instability and national security h. The U.S. government position on global warming i. How environmental cooperation can enhance bilateral relations and U.S. interests abroad II. GENERAL REVIEW ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE A. Executive Branch Reports Reporting requirements in legislation and the reports submitted in response to them constitute one of the oldest information systems used by Congress. On every subject which Congress covers, required reports offer a way to oversee and review the implementation of legislation by the executive branch. In the foreign policy field, it is particularly important to insure that reporting requirements and the resultant reports submitted by the executive branch are an efficient mechanism for supplying Con- gress with information. Information on domestic problems is often easier to obtain from sources outside the executive branch than information on problems from abroad. Moreover, the executive branch has sometimes attempted to shield its activities in the foreign policy field from public view and treat it as its exclusive do- main. The lack of information on foreign policy problems and executive branch activities has been one of the major reasons it has been more difficult for Congress to play its legitimate role in the making of foreign policy, although the Constitution expressly shares such powers between Congress and the President. For the Committee on International Relations, the improvement of the system of required reports offers more than tidier house- keeping. It offers another step toward a better supply of information that Congress needs to make foreign policy decisions. Through the careful placing of reporting requirements in legislation, the pa- tient monitoring of the reports submitted by the executive branch in response to the requirements and utilization of the data supplied in them, Congress can improve its capacity for an effective foreign policy role. 16 B. Reference Documents Periodically the Committee on International Relations compiles, prints, and distributes official documents which are useful to the membership in exercising the oversight function as well as other responsibilities. The following is a listing of those compilations for the 106th Congress: 1. Legislation on Foreign Relations.—This 5 volume set is prepared under the direction of the staff of the House Committee on International Relations and the Senate Committee on Foreign Re- lations with the assistance of the Foreign Affairs and National De- fense Division of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress. This collection of laws and related materials contains texts referred to by the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the For- eign Relations Committee, amended to date, and annotated to show pertinent history or cross references. The collection includes all laws concerning foreign relations, codified and in force, treaties in force, as well as executive agreements and orders, State Depart- ment regulations and State Department delegations of authorities as of December 31, 1999. 2. Legislative Calendar.—This compendium of committee legislative information is published annually. Each volume includes a current listing and status of all committee legislation; committee pub- lications and reports; executive communications and messages from the President referred to the committee; House floor amendments in committee legislation; and a legislative progress chart. C. Study Missions and Participation in International Conferences and Events The committee has kept itself informed of the latest developments in foreign affairs. The usual frequent conferences with high government officials, both civil and military, have been augmented by special study missions to various parts of the world to obtain firsthand knowledge of the problems of foreign countries and the administration of U.S. programs and operations falling within the purview of the committee. Committee members have also been designated to serve as official delegates to a number of international conferences and events. The following is a list of interparliamentary exchanges that Members of the Committee on International Relations participated in during the 106th Congress. January 14–16, 1999, Meeting of the Transatlantic Legislators’ Dialogue (50th) in Strasbourg, France. February 14–16, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Brussels, Belgium, and Paris, France. March 27–28, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Dres- den, Germany. May 7, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Brussels, Bel- gium. May 20–24, 1999, Meeting of the Canada-U.S. Interparliamen- tary Group (40th) in Quebec City, Canada. May 28–31, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Warsaw, Poland. June 25–27, 1999, U.S.-Mexico Interparliamentary Meetings (38th) in Savannah, Georgia. 17 July 5–9, 1999, Meeting of the U.S. Delegation to the Assembly of the OSCE in St. Petersburg, Russia. November 11–15, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. December 16, 1999, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Ma- drid, Spain. January 12–15, 2000, Meeting of the Transatlantic Legislators’ Dialogue (51st) in Brussels, Belgium. February 20–23, 2000, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Brussels, Belgium, and Paris, France. April 8, 2000, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Brussels, Belgium. May 5–7, 2000, U.S.-Mexico Interparliamentary Meetings (39th) in Puebla, Mexico. May 19–24, 2000, Meeting of the Canada-U.S. Interparliamen- tary Group (41st) on the Delta River Queen. May 26–30, 2000, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Buda- pest, Hungary. June 7, 2000, U.S.-Ireland Interparliamentary Meeting (4th) in Washington, D.C. June 22–23, 2000, Meeting of the Transatlantic Legislators’ Dia- logue (52nd) in Washington, D.C. July 6–10, 2000, Meeting of the U.S. Delegation to the Assembly of the OSCE in Bucharest, Romania. November 17–21, 2000, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Berlin, Germany. III. SUMMARIES OF LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES BY FULL COMMITTEE Legislation Signed into Public Law International Malaria Control (Helms) (P.L. 106–570) S. 2943 authorizes additional assistance for international malaria control, and to provide for coordination and consultation in providing assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 with respect to malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis. The bill also includes provisions relating to the policy of the U.S. with respect to Macao, the U.S.-Canada Alaska Rail Commission, the Pacific Charter Commis- sion Act of 2000, assistance efforts in Sudan, the American Univer- sity in Bulgaria, and the Paul D. Coverdell World Wise Schools Act of 2000. Signed by the President December 27, 2000. Export Administration Modification and Clarification Act (Gilman) (P.L. 106–508) H.R. 5239 provides for increased penalties for violations of the Export Administration Act of 1979. Signed by the President November 13, 2000. Bring Them Home Alive Act (Campbell) (P.L. 106–484) S. 484 provides for the granting of refugee status in the U.S. to nationals of certain foreign countries in which American Vietnam War POW/MIAs or American Korean War POW/MIAs may be 18 present, if those nationals assist in the return to the U.S. of living POW/MIAs. Signed by the President November 9, 2000. Trafficking Victims Protection Act (Smith-NJ) (P.L. 106–386) H.R. 3244 provides for protection for persons, mainly women and children, who are trafficked for purposes of the sex trade and slavery, and stiffer penalties for perpetrators. Signed by the President October 28, 2000. Famine Prevention and Freedom from Hunger Improvement Act (Brady-TX) (P.L. 106–373) H.R. 4002 amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to revise and improve provisions relating to famine prevention and freedom from hunger. Signed by the President October 27, 2000. Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act (Gilman) (P.L. 106–309) H.R. 1143 amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to reform programs to provide assistance for programs of credit and other financial services for micro enterprises in developing countries. The bill included provisions regarding the Benjamin A. Gilman Inter- national Academic Opportunity Act (H.R. 4528), Support for Over- seas Cooperative Development Act (H.R. 4673), and authorizing the Broadcasting Board of Governors to make available to the Institute for Media Development certain materials of the Voice of America (S. 2682). Signed by the President October 17, 2000. Defense and Security Assistance Act of 2000 (Gilman) (P.L. 106– 280) H.R. 4919 amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Control Export Control Act to make improvements to certain defense and security assistance provisions under those Acts, and to authorize the transfer of naval vessels to certain foreign countries. Signed by the President October 6, 2000. Intercountry Adoption Act (Gilman) (P.L. 106–279) H.R. 2909 provides for implementation by the United States of the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. Signed by the President October 6, 2000. Authorizing Payment of Rewards to Informers in Rwanda (Fein- gold) (P.L. 106–277) S. 2460 authorizes the payment of rewards to individuals fur- nishing information relating to persons subject to indictment for se- rious violations of international humanitarian law in Rwanda. Signed by the President October 2, 2000. Cross-Border Cooperative and Environmental Safety in Northern Europe Act (Gejdenson) (P.L. 106–255) H.R. 4249 fosters cross-border cooperation and environmental cleanup in Northern Europe. 19 Signed by the President August 2, 2000. American Institute in Taiwan Facilities Enhancement Act (Bereuter) (P.L. 106–212) H.R. 3707 authorizes funds for the site selection and construction of a facility in Taipei Taiwan suitable for the mission of the Amer- ican Institute in Taiwan. Signed by the President May 26, 2000. African Growth and Opportunity Act (Crane) (P.L. 106–200) H.R. 434 promotes stable and sustainable economic growth and development in sub-Saharan Africa, and that sustained growth in the region depends on the development of a receptive environment for trade and investment. In the bill, the U.S. seeks to assist sub- Saharan African countries to achieve economic self-reliance. Signed by the President May 18, 2000. Free and Fair Elections and Respect for Democracy in Peru (Cover- dell) (P.L. 106–186) S. J. Res. 43 expresses the sense of the Congress that the Presi- dent of the United States should encourage free and fair elections and respect for democracy in Peru. Signed by the President April 25, 2000. Iran Nonproliferation Act of 1999 (Gilman) (P.L. 106–178) H.R. 1883 provides for the application of measures to foreign persons who transfer to Iran certain goods, services or technology. The bill requires the President to report to Congress identifying foreign persons who transfer goods and services related to nuclear/missile technology and biological and chemical weapons technology. Signed by the President March 14, 2000. Export Enhancement Act (Manzullo) (P.L. 106–158) H.R. 3381 reauthorizes the Overseas Private Investment Cor- poration and the Trade and Development Agency. Signed by the President December 9, 1999. Commending Veterans of the Battle of the Bulge (Smith-NJ) (P.L. 106–142) H. J. Res. 65 commends World War II veterans who fought in the Battle of the Bulge. Signed by the President December 7, 1999. Taiwan’s Participation in the World Health Organization (Brown- OH) (P.L. 106–137) H.R. 1794 finds that Taiwan’s participation in the World Health Organization (WHO) would financially and technically assist the WHO, and the WHO could contribute to the level of health care in Taiwan and East Asia. Signed by the President December 7, 1999. 20 Locate and Return Zachary Baumel, an American Citizen (Lantos) (P.L. 106–89) H.R. 1175 requires the State Department to raise the issue of Zachary Baumel, a dual Israeli-American citizen, who has been missing, along with two other Israeli soldiers, since they faced Syr- ian soldiers in the Bekaa Valley in June of 1982. The measure also requires the U.S. to raise the matter with the appropriate governments to locate and secure the return of these soldiers. Signed by the President November 8, 1999. Torture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act (Smith-NJ) (P.L. 106– 87) H.R. 2367 reauthorizes a comprehensive program of support for victims of torture, including appropriating funds for foreign and domestic treatment centers for victims of torture, and educating and training U.S. Foreign Service Officers on handling victims of torture. Signed by the President November 3, 1999. National Missile Defense (Weldon) (P.L. 106–38) H.R. 4 declares that it is the policy of the United States to deploy a national missile defense. This bill was under the joint jurisdiction of the Armed Services Committee and the International Relations Committee. Although the International Relations Committee waived formal consideration of the bill, the Committee played a major part in the passage of this legislation. Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Technical Corrections Act (Gilman) (P.L. 106–35) H.R. 1379 amended the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999 (P.L. 105–277), to make a technical correction to authorize language contained therein relating to narcotics control and law enforcement assistance. Signed by the President June 15, 1999. Authorizing Appropriations for the Peace Corps (Campbell) (P.L. 106–30) H.R. 669 amended the Peace Corps Act to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2000–2003. Signed by the President May 21, 1999. Dante B. Fascell North/South Center (Gilman) (P.L. 106–29) H.R. 432 redesignated the North/South Center as the Dante B. Fascell North-South Center in honor of the former Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Signed by the President May 21, 1999. State Department Authorization Act (H.R. 3427)/Security Assist- ance Act (H.R. 973) (P.L. 106–113) These IR Committee bills, which authorize appropriations for the Department of State for fiscal years 2000 and 2001, provide for en- hanced security at U.S. diplomatic facilities, provide for certain arms control, nonproliferation and other national security measures, and provide for reform of the United Nations were incorporated by 21 cross-reference in the conference report (H. Rept. 106–479) to H.R. 3194, which was signed into law on November 29, 1999 (P.L. 106– 113). Legislation Vetoed American Embassy Security Act of 1999 (H.R. 2415) This bill enhances the security of United States missions and personnel overseas, to authorize appropriations for the Department of State for FY 00–01. (On November 17, 1999, another version of the FY2000 State Department authorization bill was introduced as H.R. 3427. H.R. 3427 was incorporated by cross-reference in the conference report to H.R. 3194, which became P.L. 106–113. On Oc- tober 11, 2000, the H.R. 2415 conference committee struck all of the House bill after the enacting clause and inserted the provisions of S. 3186, the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2000. The text of S. 3186 is included in the H.R. 2415 conference report: H. Rept. 106–970). The bill was presented to the President on December 7, 2000, and pocket vetoed on December 19, 2000. Legislation passed by both Senate and House Resolutions Calling for the Release of Rabiya Kadeer from the People’s Repub- lic of China (Roth)—S. Con. Res. 81 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, on July 24, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on May 2, 2000. Congratulating the Republic of Lithuania on the 10th Anniver- sary of Independence from the Rule of the Former Soviet Union (Durbin)—S. Con. Res. 91 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 384–0, on December 8, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on March 2, 2000. Day of Peace (Wellstone)—S. Con. Res. 138 passed the House by voice vote on December 15, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unani- mous Consent on October 27, 2000. Assassination of Father John Kaiser in Kenya (Wellstone)—S. Con. Res. 146 passed the House by voice vote on October 24, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on October 18, 2000. Japanese Slave Labor (Hatch)—S. Con. Res. 158 passed the House by voice vote on December 15, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on October 31, 2000. Expressing Congressional Opposition to the Unilateral Declara- tion of a Palestinian State (Salmon)—H. Con. Res. 24 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 380–24–2 on March 16, 1999, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on April 12, 1999. Congratulating the State of Qatar on their Historic Elections (Gil- man)—H. Con. Res. 35 passed the House (amended) under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 418–0 on April 13, 1999, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on July 1, 1999. 50th Anniversary of the Geneva Conventions (Sam Johnson)—H. Con. Res. 102 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 423–0 on October 26, 1999, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on November 3, 1999. 22 Regarding CARE International Workers Held Prisoner in the Former Yugoslavia (Gilman)—H. Con. Res. 144 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by voice vote on July 12, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on July 12, 2000. Concerning the Safety and Well-being of U.S. Citizens Injured While Traveling in Mexico (Hunter)—H. Con. Res. 232 passed the House (amended) under suspension of the Rules by voice vote on June 29, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on October 19, 2000. Commending the Republic of Croatia for its Parliamentary Elec- tions (Radanovich)—H. Con. Res. 251 passed the House (amended) under suspension of the Rules by voice vote on May 15, 2000, and passed the Senate (amended) by Unanimous Consent on June 23, 2000. Urging Compliance with the Hague Convention on the Civil As- pects of International Child Abduction (Chabot)—H. Con. Res. 293 passed the House (amended) under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 416–0 on May 23, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unani- mous Consent on June 23, 2000. Condemning Violations of Human Rights in the Republic of Belarus (Gejdenson)—H. Con. Res. 304 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 409–2–2 on May 3, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on June 23, 2000. 10th Anniversary of Latvian Independence (Shimkus)—H. Con. Res. 319 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by a vote of 398–0 July 17, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Con- sent on September 15, 2000. Regarding Taiwan’s Participation in the United Nations (Schaf- fer)—H. Con. Res. 390 passed the House (amended) under suspension of the Rules by voice vote on October 3, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on October 19, 2000. Calling for the Immediate Release of Mr. Edmond Pope from Prison in the Russian Federation for Humanitarian Reasons (Peter- son-PA)—H. Con. Res. 404 passed the House under suspension of the Rules by voice vote on October 3, 2000, and passed the Senate by Unanimous Consent on October 18, 2000. Legislation that passed the House Bills Selective Agriculture Embargoes Act of 1999 (Ewing) (H.R. 17) This bill was referred to both the House Agriculture Committee and the International Relations Committee. It amends the Agricul- tural Trade Act of 1978 to require the President to report to Con- gress on any selective embargo on agricultural commodities, to provide a termination date for the embargo, and to provide greater as- surances for contract sanctity. (The Committee did not act on this legislation.) The bill passed the House June 15, 1999. Security Assistance Act of 1999 (Gilman) (H.R. 973) This bill modifies authorities with respect to the provision of security assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act. The bill was considered by the Com- 23 mittee on March 4, 1999. The bill passed the House June 15, 1999 and was subsequently included in H.R. 2415, the American Em- bassy Security Act of 1999, which subsequently became part of H.R. 3194, the D.C. Appropriations Bill for FY2000 (P.L. 106–113). Serbia and Montenegro Democracy Act (Smith-NJ) (H.R. 1064) This bill authorizes a coordinated program to promote the development of democracy in Serbia and Montenegro. The bill was considered by the Committee on September 7, 2000. The bill passed the House on September 25, 2000. Silk Road Strategy Act (Bereuter) (H.R. 1152) This bill amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to target assistance to support the economic and political independence of the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia. The bill was considered by the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific on May 10, 1999, and by the Full Committee on July 22, 1999. The bill passed the House August 2, 1999. Iran Nuclear Prevention Act of 1999 (Menendez) (H.R. 1477) This bill amends current law to ensure that the United States does not provide funding for the completion of a nuclear power re- actor, the Bushehr Nuclear Powerplant, in Iran. The bill does not halt our voluntary contribution to the IAEA, but it does require that none of the funds may be used to fund IAEA programs and projects in Iran unless the Secretary of State certifies that such projects are consistent with U.S. nuclear and non-proliferation and safety goals, and shall not provide Iran with training or expertise relevant to the development of weapons. The Full Committee did not act on this bill, which passed the House July 19, 1999 by a vote of 383–1. Military Operations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Limita- tion Act of 1999 (Fowler) (H.R. 1569) This bill prohibits the use of funds appropriated to the Depart- ment of Defense from being used for the deployment of ground elements of the United States Armed Forces in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia unless that deployment is specifically authorized by law. The Committee did not act on this legislation, which was passed by the House on April 28, 1999 by a vote of 249–180. Taiwan Security Enhancement Act (DeLay) (H.R. 1838) This bill, which was jointly referred to the Committees on Inter- national Relations and Armed Services, assists in the enhancement of the security of Taiwan, including assisting in the training of military officers from Taiwan, and strengthening the defense of Taiwan. The Committee considered this legislation on October 26, 1999, and ordered it reported (Rept. No. 106–423, part 1) to the House, as amended, by a vote of 32–6. The bill passed the House by a vote of 341–70 on February 1, 2000. Oil Price Reduction Act (Gilman) (H.R. 3822) This bill seeks to reduce, suspend or terminate any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export 24 Control Act to each country determined by the President to be en- gaged in oil price fixing to the detriment of the U.S. economy. The Committee considered this legislation on March 15, 2000, and fa- vorably reported (H. Rept. No. 106–528) it to the House by a voice vote. This bill passed the House by a vote of 382–38–1 on March 22, 2000. Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (Goss) (H.R. 3164) This bill provides for the imposition of economic sanctions on certain foreign persons engaging in, or otherwise involved in, international narcotics trafficking. The bill was jointly referred to the Committees on International Relations and the Judiciary. Neither committee acted on it before it was called up Under Suspension of the Rules. The bill passed the House by a vote of 385–26. Tijuana River Valley Estuary and Beach Sewage Cleanup Act (Bilbray) (H.R. 3378) This bill, which was jointly referred to the Committees on Trans- portation and International Relations, authorizes certain actions to address the comprehensive treatment of sewage emanating from the Tijuana River in order to substantially reduce river and ocean pollution in the San Diego border region. The Committee on Inter- national Relations considered the bill on September 7, 2000. H.R. 3378 passed the House (amended) by voice vote on September 12, 2000. Sierra Leone Peace Support Act of 2000 (Gejdenson) (H.R. 3879) This bill, which was referred jointly to the Committees on Inter- national Relations and the Judiciary, supports the Government of the Republic of Sierra Leone in its peace-building efforts. The Com- mittee on International Relations considered the bill on April 13, 2000, and it passed the House by voice vote (amended) on May 3, 2000. Russian Anti-Ship Missile Nonproliferation Act of 2000 (Rohr- abacher) (H.R. 4022) This is a bill regarding the sale and transfer of Moskit anti-ship missiles by the Russian Federation. The Committee ordered the bill reported on April 13, 2000, and filed the report (H. Rept. No. 106– 667) on June 12, 2000. H.R. 4022 passed the House on October 3, 1999. Russian-American Trust and Cooperation Act (Ros-Lehtinen) (H.R. 4118) This bill prohibits the rescheduling or forgiveness of any out- standing bilateral debt owed to the U.S. by the Government of the Russian Federation until the President certifies to the Congress that the Government of the Russian Federation has ceased all its operations at, removed all personnel from, and permanently closed the intelligence facility at Lourdes, Cuba. The Committee ordered the bill reported by voice vote (amended) on May 4, 2000, and filed the report on June 12, 2000 (H. Rept. 106–668). The bill passed the House on July 19, 2000 by a vote of 275–146. 25 Congressional Oversight of Nuclear Transfers to North Korea Act of 2000 (Gilman) (H.R. 4251) This bill, which was jointly referred to the Committees on Inter- national Relations and Rules, amends the North Korea Threat Re- duction Act of 1999 to enhance congressional oversight of nuclear transfers to North Korea. Neither committee acted on the legislation before it was called up by the House Under Suspension of the Rules. On May 15, 2000, the bill passed the House by a vote of 374–6. International Academic Opportunity Act of 2000 (Gilman) (H.R. 4528) This bill establishes an undergraduate grant program of the De- partment of State to assist students of limited financial means from the U.S. to pursue studies at foreign institutions of higher education. The Committee considered the bill on June 29, 2000, and it passed the House on July 11, 2000 by voice vote. This bill was incorporated into H.R. 2243, The Microenterprise for Self-Reli- ance Act (P.L. 106–309). Support for Overseas Cooperative Development Act (Bereuter) (H.R. 4673) This bill assists in the enhancement of the development and expansion of international economic assistance programs that utilize cooperatives and credit unions. The Committee considered the bill on September 7, 2000, and it passed the House by voice vote on September 19, 2000. International Anti-Corruption and Good Governance Act of 2000 (Gejdenson) (H.R. 4697) This bill amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to ensure that the U.S. assistance programs promote good governance by assisting other countries to combat corruption throughout society and to promote transparency and increased accountability for all levels of government and throughout the private sector. The Committee considered the bill on June 29, 2000, and on July 25, 2000 the House passed the bill by voice vote (amended). This bill was incorporated into H.R. 2243, The Microenterprise for Self-Reliance Act (P.L. 106–309). Asian Pacific Charter Commission Act of 2000 (Gilman) (H.R. 4899) This bill establishes a commission to promote a consistent and coordinated foreign policy of the U.S. to ensure economic and military security in the Pacific region of Asia through the promotion of democracy, human rights, the rule of law, free trade, and open markets. The Committee considered the bill on September 21, 2000, and the bill was passed in the House on September 25, 2000 by voice vote (amended). This bill was incorporated into S. 2943, The International Malaria Control Act (P.L. 106–570). International Food Relief Partnership Act of 2000 (Gilman) (H.R. 5224) This bill, which was jointly referred to the Committees on Inter- national Relations and Agriculture, amends the Agriculture Trade 26 Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to authorize assistance for the stockpiling and rapid transportation, delivery, and distribution of shelf stable prepackaged foods to needy individuals in foreign countries. On September 21, 2000, the Committee on International Relations considered the bill, which was passed by the House on September 25, 2000 by voice vote (amended). This bill was incorporated into S. 2943, The International Malaria Control Act (P.L. 106–570). Peace Through Negotiations Act (Gilman) (H.R. 5272) This bill, which was referred to the Committees on International Relations and Banking, provides for a U.S. response in the event of a unilateral declaration of a Palestinian State. On September 26, 2000, the Committee on International Relations considered the bill, which passed the House (amended) by a vote of 385–27–4 on Sep- tember 27, 2000. Resolutions Congratulating Peru and Ecuador—H. Res. 25 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, on July 1, 1999. Elections in Indonesia—H. Res. 32 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 413–6, on March 11, 1999. Interference with Freedom of the Press and the Independence of Judicial and Electoral Institutions in Peru—H. Res. 57 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote on October 4, 1999. U.S. Remains Committed to NATO—H. Res. 59 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 278–133– 1, on November 2, 1999. Violence in Sierra Leone—H. Res. 62 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 414–1–1, June 15, 1999. Human Rights Situation in Cuba—H. Res. 99 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, March 23, 1999. Congratulating the Republic of El Salvador on Successful Demo- cratic Elections—H. Res. 110 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote April 13, 1999. Reaffirming the Programme of Action of the International Con- ference on Population and Development—H. Res. 118 passed the House by a voice vote March 23, 1999. Condemning the Murder of Rosemary Nelson—H. Res. 128 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 421–2 April 13, 1999. Commending Jesse Jackson—H. Res. 156 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote May 4, 1999. Regarding the Condition and Humanitarian Needs of Refugees within Kosovo—H. Res. 161 passed the House (amended) by a voice vote May 18, 1999. 75th Anniversary of the Foreign Service—H. Res. 168 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote September 27, 1999. 27 Regarding Human Rights in the Lao People’s Democratic Repub- lic—H. Res. 169 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 412–1, November 16, 1999. 10th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Massacre—H. Res. 178 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 418–0 May 25, 1999. FARC Kidnaping and Murder in Colombia—H. Res. 181 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 413–0, Octo- ber 4, 1999. Supporting the Goals and Ideals of the Olympics—H. Res. 259 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote June 19, 2000. Regarding a Referendum in East Timor—H. Res. 292 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 390– 38–1, September 28, 1999. Sympathy for Victims of Taiwan Earthquake—H. Res. 297 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 424–0, September 28, 1999. Regarding the Extremist FPO in Austria—H. Res. 429 passed the House by a voice vote, under suspension of the Rules, April 3, 2000. Humanitarian Assistance to Mozambique—H. Res. 431 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote March 14, 1999. Congratulating the People of Senegal for Successful Democratic Elections—H. Res. 449 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote May 3, 2000. Calling for Lasting Peace in Kosova—H. Res. 451 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, October 10, 2000. International Recognition of Israel’s Magen David Adom Soci- ety—H. Res. 464 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, May 3, 1999. Concerning Violence in Zimbabwe—H. Res. 500 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, June 19, 2000. AMIA Bombing in 1994 in Argentina—H. Res. 531 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 402– 1, July 17, 2000. Congratulating the People of Mexico on their Recent Successful Democratic Elections—H. Res. 544 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, July 25, 2000. Peace Process in Northern Ireland—H. Res. 547 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, Sep- tember 26, 2000. Regarding U.S.-India Relations—H. Res. 572 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, September 12, 2000. 50th Anniversary of the UNHCR and Commending the High Commissioner, Sadako Ogata—H. Res. 577 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a voice vote, October 10, 2000. Criticizing Human Rights Abuses in China and Tibet—H. Con. Res. 28 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 421–0, March 11, 1999. 28 Anti-Semitic Remarks by Duma Members—H. Con. Res. 37 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 421–0, March 23, 1999. Peacekeeping Operations in Kosovo—H. Con. Res. 42 passed the House by a vote of 219–191–9, March 11, 2000. Urging an End to the War Between Eritrea and Ethiopia—H. Con. Res. 46 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, October 26, 1999. Anniversary of the Good Friday Peace Agreement—H. Con. Res. 54 passed the House (amended), Under Suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, April 20, 1999. 20th Anniversary of the Taiwan Relations Act—H. Con. Res. 56 passed the House, Under Suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 429–1, March 23, 1999. War in Southern Sudan—H. Con. Res. 75 passed the House (amended), Under Suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 416–1–1, June 15, 1999. Release Three Illegally-held Servicemen in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia—H. Con. Res. 83 passed the House (amended), by voice vote, April 15, 1999. U.N. General Assembly Resolution ES–10/6—H. Con. Res. 117 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 365–5, July 12, 1999. Regarding the fall of the Berlin Wall—H. Con. Res. 121 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 381–0–2, July 19, 1999. Haiti Elections—H. Con. Res. 140 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 400–1–1, September 27, 1999. U.S. Policy Toward the Slovak Republic—H. Con. Res. 165 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 404– 12, November 16, 1999. Regarding the European Council Noise Rule Affecting Hushkitted and Redesigned Aircraft—H. Con. Res. 187 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 402–2, Sep- tember 27, 1999. Commending Greece and Turkey for their Swift Response to the Earthquakes—H. Con. Res. 188 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 424–0, October 26, 1999. Regarding Armed Conflict in Chechnya—H. Con. Res. 206 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 407–4, November 16, 1999. Support for Recent Elections in India—H. Con. Res. 211 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 396–4, No- vember 16, 1999. Government of People’s Republic of China Should End Persecu- tion of Falun Gong Practitioners—H. Con. Res. 218 passed the House (amended), by voice vote, November 18, 1999. Condemning Assassination of Armenian Prime Minister—H. Con. Res. 222 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 399–0, November 16, 1999. Freedom Day—H. Con. Res. 223 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 417–0, November 9, 1999. 29 Objecting to Efforts to Remove the Holy See from the U.N.—H. Con. Res. 253 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 416–1, July 11, 2000. Emancipation of the Iranian Baha’i Community—H. Con. Res. 27 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, September 19, 2000. Regarding Iraq’s Failure to Release Kuwaiti Prisoners—H. Con. Res. 275 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, June 23, 2000. Congratulating the People of Taiwan for Successful Elections—H. Con. Res. 292 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 418–1, March 28, 2000. Regarding Continuing Human Rights Violations in Vietnam—H. Con. Res. 295 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 415–3, May 3, 2000. Regarding Vietnamese Americans and Others Who Seek to Im- prove Conditions in Vietnam—H. Con. Res. 322 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, July 10, 2000. Commending Israel’s Redeployment from Southern Lebanon—H. Con. Res. 331 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 403–3–2, May 25, 2000. Condemnation of the Use of Children as Soldiers—H. Con. Res. 348 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, July 11, 2000. Manipulation of the Mass Media in Russia—H. Con. Res. 352 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, June 19, 2000. Violations of Human Rights in Central Asia—H. Con. Res. 397 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, October 3, 2000. Congratulating the Republic of Hungary on the Millennium of its Foundation as a State—H. Con. Res. 400 passed the House by voice vote, October 2, 2000. Assassination of Father John Kaiser in Kenya—H. Con. Res. 410 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by voice vote, Oc- tober 24, 2000. Reestablishment of Representative Government in Afghanistan— H. Con. Res. 414 passed the House (amended), under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 381–0, October 24, 2000. Concerning the Violence in the Middle East—H. Con. Res. 426 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 365– 30–11, October 25, 2000. 25th Anniversary of the Helsinki Final Act—H.J. Res. 100 passed the House, under suspension of the Rules, by a vote of 413–0, Sep- tember 26, 2000. Legislation Considered but not passed by the House Declaring a State of War Between the United States and the Fed- eral Republic of Yugoslavia (Campbell)—H.J. Res. 44 failed passage in the House on April 28, 1999, by a vote of 2–427. Directing the President to Remove U.S. Troops from the Former Republic of Yugoslavia (Campbell)—H. Con. Res. 82 failed passage in the House on April 28, 1999, by a vote of 139–290. 30 Committee Statistics During the 106th Congress, the Full Committee held: 174 hearings, markups, and protocol meetings; 25 ‘‘Hot Spots’’ classified briefings; and 20 closed briefings. The subcommittees met 104 times, for a total of 323 gatherings. The main committee hearing room underwent major renovations, and in March, 2000, was equipped with state-of-the-art audio and visual equipment, ena- bling the Committee to hold meetings via teleconference. The staff held 379 briefings. A total of 23 bills have been signed into law, 54 bills and joint resolutions referred to the Committee passed the House, and 76 concurrent and simple resolutions referred to the Committee passed the House. Eighteen reports were filed. The Committee has published 203 hearings and markups, and 8 Committee prints. Another important function of the Committee is to meet with Heads of State, Administration officials, and foreign dignitaries from around the world. The Committee held 69 informal meetings, and received 6 delegations. During the 106th Congress, 547 bills and resolutions were referred to the Committee; the Full Committee considered 125 pieces of legislation. IV. LIST OF MEETINGS OF THE FULL COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEES A. Full Committee Hearings January 8, 1999.—HEARING: NIPPING DEMOCRACY IN THE BUD: THE NEW CRACKDOWN ON DISSIDENTS IN CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Wei Jingsheng, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China; Liu Nianchun, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China; Yao Zhenxian, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China; and Xu Shuiliang, Former Prisoner of Conscience, Peo- ple’s Republic of China. January 19, 1999.—ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: none. January 20, 1999.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Sec- retary for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Department of State; Susan L. Shirk, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Michael Posner, Executive Director, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights; Mike Jendrzejczyk, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch Asia/DC Office; Louisa Coan, Senior Program Officer for Asia, National Endowment for Democracy; and T. Kumar, Ad- vocacy Director for Asia, Amnesty International, USA. February 3, 1999.—MEMORIAL SERVICE, 2172 Rayburn, Memo- rial service was held for former Committee Chairman Dante B. Fascell of Florida. February 4, 1999.—SUBCOMMITTEE ELECTIONS, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: none. February 10, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. ROLE IN KOSOVO, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas R. Pickering, Under Sec- 31 retary for Political Affairs, Department of State; and Hon. Wal- ter B. Slocombe, Under Secretary for Policy, Department of De- fense. February 11, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 434, THE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1999; H.R. 669, THE PEACE CORPS EXPANSION ACT; and Consideration of Over- sight Plan of the Committee on International Relations, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. February 25, 1999.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FY2000 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST, 2172 Ray- burn, witness: Hon. Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary of State, Department of State. March 3, 1999.—HEARING: PRESIDENT CLINTON’S FY 2000 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE BUDGET REQUEST, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. J. Brian Atwood, Administrator, Agency for International Development. March 4, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 973, the Security Assistance Act of 1999; H.R. 825; H. RES. 32; H. CON. RES. 28; and Consid- eration of the Committee’s Views and Estimates on the Presi- dent’s FY 2000 Budget Request, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 10, 1999.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 24, witnesses: none. March 10, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. ROLE IN KOSOVO, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. Robert Dole, Former Senator; Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, President, Kissinger and Associates; Hon. Jeane Kirkpatrick, Levy Professor of Government, Georgetown Uni- versity and Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute; Shir- ley Cloyes, Balkan Affairs Advisor, Albanian American Civic League; Doug Bandow, Senior Fellow, CATO Institute; and Ilir Zherka, Executive Director, Albanian American Council. March 11, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TIBETAN UP- RISING AND THE DALAI LAMA’S FLIGHT INTO EXILE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Julia Taft, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration, Department of State; Mr. Lodi Gyari, Special Envoy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama; Ken Knaus, Central Intelligence Agency, Retired; Pro- fessor Robert Thurman, Columbia University; and Steve Mar- shall, Tibet Information Network, London. March 17, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1143; H. RES. 59; H. RES. 99; H. RES. 110; H. CON. RES. 35; H. CON. RES. 56; AND H. CON. RES. 37, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 24, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA AND THE PENDING PERRY REVIEW, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Dr. Paul Wolfowitz, Dean, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; and Amb. James Lilley, Resident Fellow, American En- terprise Institute. March 25, 1999.—HEARING: RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY: PRO- LIFERATION TO ROGUE REGIMES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: R. James Woolsey, Former Director of Central Intel- ligence, Partner, Shea & Gardner; Henry D. Sokolski, Former Deputy for Nonproliferation Policy, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Executive Director, Nonproliferation Policy Education 32 Center; Anthony H. Cordesman, Former Director of Defense Intelligence Assessment, Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Co-Director, CSIS Middle East Pro- gram; Sherman W. Garnett, Former Deputy Assistant Sec- retary of Defense for Russia, Ukraine and Eurasia Senior Asso- ciate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Director, Carnegie Project on Russian-Chinese Relations; and John McMahon, Former Deputy Director, CIA, Board Member, Lock- heed Khrunichev Energia, Inc. April 14–15, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1211, H.R. 1379, H. Res. 128, H. Con. Res. 54, and H. Con. Res. 83, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. April 15, 1999.—HEARING: THE CHILD SURVIVAL AND IN- FECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Jane Curtin; Actress, Goodwill Ambassador, U.S. Committee for UNICEF; Carol Bellamy, Executive Director, UNICEF; Bar- bara Turner, Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Programs; Dr. Nils Daulaire, Director, National Council for International Health; Joanne Carter, Legislative Director, RESULTS; Charles MacCormack, President, Save the Children; Alex ‘‘Bo’’ Shafer, Jr., Treasurer, Kiwanis International; and Dr. Alan Gold, President, Safe Shots for Tots. April 21, 1999.—HEARING: SITUATION IN KOSOVO, 2172 Ray- burn, witness: Hon. Madeleine Albright. April 21, 1999.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 82, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. April 22, 1999.—MARKUP: CONTINUED CONSIDERATION OF H. CON. RES. 82, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. April 22, 1999.—HEARING: THE NEED FOR NEW AND AC- CEPTABLE POLICING IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Diana Hamill, (Sister of Robert Hamill), Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland; Fr. Sean McManus (Co. Fermanagh, Northern Ireland), President, Irish National Caucus; Rt. Reverend Monsignor, Raymond Murray, Chairman, Relatives for Justice, County Tyrone, Northern Ire- land; Mrs. Tony Carragher, South Armagh Farmers and Resi- dents Committee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland; John McGarry, Professor, University of Western Ontario; Maggie Bierne, Committee on Administration of Justice, Belfast; Jane Winter, British-Irish Rights Watch, London; Halya Gowan, Amnesty International, London; Julia Hall, Human Rights Watch, New York. April 27, 1999.—MARKUP: H.J. RES. 44 AND H. CON. RES. 82, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 12, 1999.—HEARING: RUSSIA’S FOREIGN POLICY OBJEC- TIVES: WHAT ARE THEY?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Steven R. Sestanovich, Ambassador at Large and Special Ad- viser to the Secretary of State for the New Independent States, Department of State; Hon. Brent Scowcroft, Lt. General, USAF (Retired), President, The Scowcroft Group, Inc., President, the Forum for International Policy, Former Assistant to the Presi- dent for National Security Affairs; and Dr. Michael A. McFaul, 33 Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Stanford University. May 13, 1999.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 61, AND HEARING ON DIPLOMATIC INITIATIVES FOR KOSOVO, INCLUDING H. CON. RES. 99, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Curt Weldon, Member of Congress; Hon. Neil Abercrombie, Member of Con- gress; Hon. Jim Gibbons, Member of Congress; Hon. Joseph Pitts, Member of Congress; Hon. Don Sherwood, Member of Congress; Hon. Jim Saxton, Member of Congress; Hon. Roscoe Bartlett, Member of Congress; Hon. Corinne Brown, Member of Congress; Hon. Dennis Kucinich, Member of Congress; Hon. Maurice Hinchey, Member of Congress; Hon. Bernard Sanders, Member of Congress; and Hon. Thomas R. Pickering, Under Secretary for Political Affairs, Department of State. May 25, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1908; H. RES. 178; AND H. RES. 168, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 8, 1999.—HEARING: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Martin S. Indyk, Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, Department of State. June 9, 1999.—HEARING: ASSISTING RUSSIA: WHAT HAVE WE ACHIEVED AFTER SEVEN YEARS?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Bill Taylor, Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to the Newly Independent States, Department of State; George Ingram, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Europe and the Newly Independent States, Agency for International Development; Dr. Marshall Goldman, Associate Director, Davis Center for Russian Studies, Harvard University, Professor of Russian Economics, Wellesley College; Dr. Paula Dobriansky, Washington Director, Council on Foreign Relations, Former Di- rector of European and Soviet Affairs, National Security Coun- cil; Dr. Peter J. Stavrakis, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Vermont, Editor, ‘‘Problems of Economic Transition’’; and David Kramer, Associate Director, Russian and Eurasian Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. June 10, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 17; H. RES. 62; H.R. 1175; AND H. CON. RES. 75, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 15, 1999.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF OUR ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP WITH EUROPE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stuart Eizenstat, Undersecretary for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs, Department of State; Hon. David Aaron, Undersecretary for International Trade, Department of Commerce; Willard Berry, President, European-American Busi- ness Council; Michael Farren, Corporate Vice President for Ex- ternal Affairs, Xerox Corporation; Bob Robeson, Vice President of Civil Aviation, Aerospace Industries Association; Paula Stern, President, The Stern Group; and Stephen Weber, Presi- dent, Maryland Farm Bureau, American Farm Bureau Federa- tion. July 1, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1993; H.R. 1477; H.R. 1794; H. RES. 227; H. RES. 57; H. CON. RES. 144; H. RES. 25; H. CON. RES. 140; H. CON. RES. 117; H. CON. RES. 128; AND H. CON. RES. 121, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. 34 July 13, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 850, ‘‘SECURITY AND FREEDOM THROUGH ENCRYPTION (SAFE) ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. July 14, 1999.—HEARING: THE TREATMENT OF ISRAEL BY THE UNITED NATIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David Welch, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Or- ganization Affairs, Department of State; Hon. Martin Indyk, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Depart- ment of State; Hon. Morris Abram, Chairman, U.N. Watch; Hon. John Bolton, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute; Hon. Ron Lauder, Chairman, and Mr. Malcolm Hoenlein, Executive Vice Chairman, Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations; Dr. Harris Schoenberg, Director of U.N. Affairs, B’nai B’rith International; and Mr. Bruce Ramer, President, American Jewish Committee. July 22, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1152, to amend the Foreign Assist- ance Act of 1961 to target assistance to support the economic and political independence of the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. July 29, 1999.—HEARING: POST–1999 U.S. SECURITY AND COUNTER-DRUG INTERESTS IN PANAMA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas E. McNamara, President, Americas Society, Former U.S. Chief Negotiator in Panama; and General George A. Joulwan, Former Supreme Allied Commander in Eu- rope, Former Commander in Chief, U.S. Southern Command. August 3, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. TRADE WITH ASIA: PREPARA- TIONS FOR THE APEC SUMMIT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Richard Boucher, Coordinator for APEC, Department of State; Amb. Richard W. Fisher, Deputy U.S. Trade Representa- tive; Dr. C. Fred Bergsten, Director, Institute for International Economics; and Mark Borthwick, U.S. Executive Director, Pa- cific Economic Cooperation Council. August 4, 1999.—HEARING: THE BALKANS: WHAT ARE U.S. INTERESTS AND THE GOALS OF U.S. ENGAGEMENT?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: E. Anthony Wayne, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau for European and Canadian Af- fairs, Department of State; Amb. Larry C. Napper, Coordinator for East European Assistance, Department of State; Amb. James Pardew, Principal Deputy Special Adviser to the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State for Kosovo and Dayton Accords Implementation; Janusz Bugajski, Director, East European Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Pro- fessor Janine Wedel, Associate Research Professor, George Washington University; and Dr. Dan Serwer, Director, Balkans Initiative, United States Institute for Peace. September 9, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1883, IRAN NON- PROLIFERATION ACT OF 1999; AND H.R. 2367, THE TOR- TURE VICTIMS RELIEF REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1999, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 15, 1999.—HEARING: BALKANS OVERSIGHT I: COR- RUPTION IN BOSNIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Larry C. Napper, Coordinator, Support for Eastern European Assist- ance (SEED), Department of State; Craig Buck, Mission Direc- tor for Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, Agency 35 for International Development; and David Dlouhy, Special Ad- visor, Bosnia Implementation, Department of State. September 23, 1999.—MARKUP: H. RES. 292; H. RES. 181; H.R. 2608; H. J. RES. 65; H. CON. RES. 187; and H. RES. 297, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 6, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD RUSSIA, PART I: WARNINGS AND DISSENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David Swartz, U.S. Foreign Service, Retired, Former U.S. Ambassador to Belarus; Fritz Ermarth, U.S. Cen- tral Intelligence Agency, Retired, Former member, National Security Council staff; Mike Waller, Vice President, American Foreign Policy Council, Executive Director, ‘‘Demokratizatsiya- Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization’’; Kenneth Timmerman, Investigative Reporter, Contributing Editor, ‘‘Readers Digest’’; and Martin Cannon, Member, Board of Directors, U.S.-Russia Business Council, (Managing Director, CIS Operations, A.T. Kearney). October 7, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD RUSSIA, PART II: CORRUPTION IN THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Richard Palmer, President, Cachet International, Inc., U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Retired; Keith Henderson, Former Senior Adviser on Rule of Law, Crime, and Corruption, Agency for International Development, Co-Director, Trans-National Crime and Corruption Center, American University; David Satter, Visiting Scholar, Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies, Senior Fel- low, The Hudson Institute; and Hon. Konstantin Borovoi, Dep- uty, Russian State Duma, Chairman, Economic Freedom Party. October 13, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA I: PERRY REVIEW, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Joe Knollenberg, Member of Congress; Hon. Chris Cox, Mem- ber of Congress; Hon. William Perry, North Korea Policy Advi- sor, Department of State; and Hon. Wendy R. Sherman, Coun- selor, Department of State. October 14, 1999.—HEARING: INTERNATIONAL CHILD AB- DUCTION: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HAGUE CONVEN- TION ON CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mike Forbes, Member of Congress; Hon. Mary Ryan, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Department of State; Richard Rossman, Chief of Staff, Criminal Division, Department of Jus- tice; Jess Ford, Associate Director, and Boris Kachura, Assist- ant Director, National Security and International Affairs Divi- sion, General Accounting Office; Lady Catherine Meyer, Parent of Abducted Child; Tom Johnson, Parent of Abducted Child; Paul Marinkovich, Parent of Abducted Child; and Tom Syl- vester, Parent of Abducted Child. October 19, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD RUSSIA, PART III: ADMINISTRATION VIEWS, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Strobe Talbott, Deputy Secretary, Department of State. October 19, 1999.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 102; H. CON. RES. 188; H. CON. RES. 46; AND H. CON. RES. 20, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. 36 October 20, 1999.—HEARING: INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION: IM- PLEMENTATION OF THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Tom Bliley, Member of Congress; Hon. Mary Ryan, Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs, Department of State; Pat Mon- toya, Commissioner for Children, Youth, and Families, Depart- ment of Health & Human Services; Susan Freivalds, Hague Coordinator, Joint Council on International Children’s Serv- ices; Dr. Jerri Ann Jenista, American Academy of Pediatrics; David Liederman, President and CEO, Council on Accredita- tion of Services for Families and Children; Sam Pitkowsky, Adoptive Parents Committee of New York; and Kathleen Sacco, Adoptee. October 21, 1999.—HEARING: Y2K: A THREAT TO U.S. INTER- ESTS ABROAD?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Richard C. Nygard, Chief Information Officer, Agency for International Development; John O’Keefe, Special Representative for the Year 2000.—; Department of State; Lawrence K. Gershwin, National Intelligence Officer for Science & Technology, Central Intelligence Agency; Hon. Jacquelyn L. Williams-Bridgers, In- spector General, Department of State; Theodore Alves, Direc- tor, Assistant Inspector General for Audits, Agency for Inter- national Development; Linda D. Koontz, Associate Director, Ac- counting and Information Management Division, General Ac- counting Office. October 26, 1999.—MARKUP OF H.R. 1838, THE TAIWAN SECU- RITY ENHANCEMENT ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 27, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA II: MISUSE OF U.S. AID TO NORTH KOREA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Tony P. Hall, Member of Congress; Benjamin Nelson, Director, International Relations and Trade Issues, General Accounting Office; Ms. Gary L. Jones, Asso- ciate Director for Energy, Resources and Science Issues, Com- munity and Economic Development Division, General Account- ing Office; Dr. Nicholas Eberstadt, Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute; Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., Senior Analyst, Jane’s Intelligence Review; Nancy Lindborg, Executive Vice President, Mercy Corps International. November 4, 1999.—HEARING: THE CUBAN PROGRAM: TOR- TURE OF AMERICAN PRISONERS BY CUBAN AGENTS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Colonel Jack Bomar, United States Air Force, Retired; Andres F. Garcia, Vice President, Cuban American Veterans Association; Capt. Raymond Vohden, United States Navy, Retired; Mike Benge, Former POW and POW Historian; Robert L. Jones, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Prisoner of War and Missing Personnel Affairs; and Robert Destatte, Chief Analyst, (Technical Aid to DOD Wit- ness), POW/Missing Personnel Office, Department of Defense. November 9, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD HAITI, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mike DeWine, United States Senator; Hon. Bob Graham, United States Senator; Hon. Por- ter Goss, Member of Congress; Hon. Charles Rangel, Member of Congress; Hon. John Conyers, Jr., Member of Congress; and 37 Amb. Peter Romero, Acting Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State. November 9, 1999.—MARKUP OF H.R. 3244; H. CON. RES. 165; H. CON. RES. 206; H. CON. RES. 222; H. CON. RES. 211; H. CON. RES. 200; AND H. RES. 169, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. November 10, 1999.—HEARING: EUROPEAN COMMON FOR- EIGN, SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICIES—IMPLICA- TIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Elmar Brok, M.E.P., Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Com- mon Security and Defense Policy, The European Parliament; Iain Duncan Smith, M.P., Shadow Secretary of State for De- fense, House of Commons, London; Dr. Simon Serfaty, Pro- fessor of U.S. Foreign Policy, Old Dominion University, Nor- folk, VA; Hon. John Bolton, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute; Peter Rodman, Director of National Secu- rity Programs, The Nixon Center for Peace and Freedom; and Amb. Robert Hunter, Rand Corporation. February 2, 2000.—HEARING: CHANGING AMERICAN DIPLO- MACY FOR THE NEW CENTURY, 2118 Rayburn, witnesses: Lewis Kaden, Chairman, Overseas Advisory Panel; Amb. Langhorne Motley, Member, Overseas Advisory Panel; and Dr. Lynn E. Davis, Senior Fellow, RAND. February 10, 2000.—HEARING: OPEC AND THE NORTHEAST ENERGY CRISIS, 2154 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David L. Goldwyn, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Depart- ment of Energy; Peter Bass, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy, Sanctions and Commodities Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State; F. William Valentino, President, New York State Energy Research Development Au- thority; John J. Huber, Vice President and Chief Counsel, Pe- troleum Marketers Association of America; and Robert Costello, Chief Economist, American Trucking Associations. February 16, 2000.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FY 2001 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST, 2154 Ray- burn, witness: Hon. Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary of State. February 16, 2000.—CONSIDERATION OF THE COMMITTEE’S VIEWS AND ESTIMATES ON THE PRESIDENT’S FY 2001 BUDGET REQUEST, 2167 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 1, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD OPEC, 2128 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Bill Richardson, Secretary of Energy. March 9, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. ASSISTANCE COMMITMENTS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Larry C. Napper, Coordinator for Eastern European Assist- ance, Department of State; Hon. James Pardew, Principal Dep- uty Special Advisor to the President and the Secretary of State for Kosovo and Dayton Accords Implementation, Department of State; and Daniel Hamilton, Special Coordinator for Southeast Europe Stability Pact Implementation, Department of State. March 9, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 429; AND H. RES. 431, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses; none. March 15, 2000.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FY 2001 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST, 2175 Ray- 38 burn, witness: Hon. J. Brady Anderson, Administrator, Agency for International Development. March 15, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 3822, THE OIL PRICE RE- DUCTION ACT, 2175 Rayburn, witnesses; none. March 16, 2000.—HEARING: NORTH KOREA: LEVERAGING UNCERTAINTY?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Wendy R. Sherman, Counselor, Department of State; Hon. Douglas Paal, President, Asia Pacific Policy Center; Dr. Mitchell B. Reiss, Di- rector, Reves Center for International Studies, College of Wil- liam and Mary; and Scott Snyder, Representative of Asia Foundation/Korea. March 22, 2000.—MARKUP: H.R. 2909, THE INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION ACT OF 1999, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 23, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD IRAQ, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Representative John Conyers, Member of Congress; Hon. C. David Welch, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State; Hon. A. Elizabeth Jones, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bu- reau of Near Eastern Affairs, Department of State; and Alina Romanowski, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of Defense. March 23, 2000.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 292; AND H.R. 3707, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 28, 2000.—HEARING: MUNITIONS LIST EXPORT LI- CENSING ISSUES, 2200 Rayburn, witness: Hon. John D. Holum, Senior Advisor for Arms Control and International Se- curity, Department of State. April 5, 2000.—HEARING: HAITI: PROSPECTS FOR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Peter F. Ro- mero, Acting Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Af- fairs, Department of State. April 6, 2000.—HEARING: THE STATUS OF NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND TIBET, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Julia Taft, U.S. Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Mi- gration, U.S. Department of State; and Lodi Gyari, Special Envoy, His Holiness The Dalai Lama. April 11, 2000.—HEARING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN KOSOVO AND RELATED ISSUES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. James Pardew, Deputy Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State for Kosovo and Dayton Implementation, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State; James Swigert, Deputy Special Advisor, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State; Hon. Joseph DioGuardi, President, Albanian American Civic League; Dr. Bajram Rexhepi, Mayor of Mitrovice; Dr. Muhamet Mustafa, President, Reinvest Institute for Development Research; Ilir Zherke, Executive Director, National Albanian-American Coun- cil; and Linda Dana, Institutional Contractor in Kosovo, Inter- national Organization for Migration. April 12, 2000.—HEARING: U.S.-EUROPEAN UNION RELA- TIONS: THE VIEW FROM THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mel Read, M.E.P., Chairperson, Del- egation for Relations with the U.S., European Parliament; 39 Karla Peijs, M.E.P., Vice Chairman, Delegation for Relations with the U.S., European Parliament; Elmar Brok, M.E.P., Chairman, Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, and Common Secu- rity and Defense Policy, European Parliament; and Carlos Wesendorp y Cabeza, M.E.P., Chairman, Committee on Indus- try, External Trade, Research and Energy, European Par- liament. April 13, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 464; H. RES. 449; H.R. 4251; H. CON. RES. 304; H.R. 4022; H.R. 3879; H.R. 3680; AND H. CON. RES. 295, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 3, 2000.—HEARING: INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO END DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney; Congresswoman Lynn Woolsey; Congresswoman Constance Morella; and Hon. Theresa Loar, Director, The President’s Interagency Council on Women, Department of State. May 4, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 251; H.R. 4118; AND H.R. 4249; 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 10, 2000.—HEARING: GRANTING PERMANENT NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS (PNTR) STATUS TO CHINA: IS IT IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Christopher Cox, Member of Congress; Hon. Sander M. Levin, Member of Congress; Sandra Kristoff, Senior Vice President, New York Life International, Inc.; Mike Jendrzejczyk, Execu- tive Director, D.C. Office, Human Rights Watch Asia; Nick Giordano, International Trade Counsel, National Pork Pro- ducers Council; Wei Jingsheng, Former Prisoner of Conscience in China, Chinese Democracy Activist; Steven T. McFarland, Executive Director, Commission for International Religious Freedom; and Rev. Daniel Su, Assistant to the President, China Outreach Ministries (COM). May 11, 2000.—HEARING: CURRENT CHALLENGES TO STATE DEPARTMENT SECURITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Jacquelyn L. Williams-Bridgers, Inspector General, Depart- ment of State; Neal Gallagher, Assistant Director, National Se- curity Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation; David Car- penter, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Department of State; and Stapleton Roy, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State. May 17, 2000.—HEARING: STATUS OF EMBASSY SECURITY ENHANCEMENTS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Patrick F. Kennedy, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Administration, De- partment of State; Hon. David Carpenter, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Diplomatic Security, Department of State; and Hon. Jacquelyn L. Williams-Bridgers, Inspector General, Depart- ment of State. May 18, 2000.—HEARING: LOOMING FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Catherine Bertini (via video-conference), Executive Director, World Food Programme, Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General to the Horn of Africa; Hon. Hugh Q. Parmer, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Humanitarian Response, Agency for International Develop- ment; J. Stephen Morrison, Ph.D., Director, African Studies Program, Center for Strategic and International Studies; and 40 Gary Shaye, Vice President, International Programs, Save the Children, USA. May 19, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 293, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 24, 2000.—HEARING: THE U.S. COMMISSION ON INTER- NATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: FIRST ANNUAL RE- PORT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Elliott Abrams, Commis- sioner, The U.S. Commission on International Religious Free- dom; Nina Shea, Commissioner, The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom; and Rabbi David Saperstein, Chair, The U.S. Commission on International Religious Free- dom. May 24, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 331, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 14, 2000.—HEARING: THE TREATMENT OF RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN WESTERN EUROPE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Robert A. Seiple, Ambassador-at-Large for Inter- national Religious Freedom, Department of State; Catherine Bell, Actress; Philip Brumley, Esq., General Counsel, Jehovah’s Witnesses; Chick Corea, Musician; T. Jeremy Gunn, J.D., Ph.D., Guest Scholar, U.S. Institute of Peace; Pastor Robert A. Hunt, English Speaking United Methodist Church, Vienna, Austria, (via digital video conference); Craig Jensen, Chairman and CEO, Executive Software; and The Rev. N. J. L’Heureux, Executive Director, Queens Federation of Churches. June 15, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 352; H. RES. 500; H. CON. RES. 275; AND H. RES. 259, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 15, 2000.—HEARING: PROGRESS ON IMPLEMENTING OVERSEAS PRESENCE ADVISORY PANEL REC- OMMENDATIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Bonnie R. Cohen, Under Secretary for Management, Department of State. June 22, 2000.—HEARING: OVERSIGHT OF THE STATE DE- PARTMENT, PART IV: TECHNOLOGY MODERNIZATION AND COMPUTER SECURITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Fer- nando Burbano, Chief Information Officer, Department of State; Wayne Rychak, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Diplo- matic Security, Department of State; John Brock, Director of Government and Defense Systems, General Accounting Office; and Dr. Mark Mayburg, Executive Director, Information Tech- nology Division, Mitre Corporation. June 27, 2000.—HEARING: OPEC’S POLICIES: A THREAT TO THE U.S. ECONOMY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Bill Richardson, Secretary of Energy; and former Senator Howard M. Metzenbaum of Ohio. June 29, 2000.—HEARING: INFECTIOUS DISEASES: A GROW- ING THREAT TO AMERICA’S HEALTH AND SECURITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: David Satcher, M.D., Surgeon Gen- eral of the United States, Department of Health and Human Services; David L. Heymann, M.D. (via video-conference), Exec- utive Director, Communicable Diseases, World Health Organi- zation; and David F. Gordon, Ph.D., National Intelligence Offi- cer of Economics and Global Issues, National Intelligence Council. 41 June 29, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 4919; H.R. 3673; H.R. 4697; H. CON. RES. 322; H.R. 4002; H. CON. RES. 297; S. CON. RES. 81; H. CON. RES. 348; H. CON. RES. 319; H. CON. RES. 232; H. RES. 531; AND H.R. 4528, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. July 12, 2000.—HEARING: GLOBAL TERRORISM: SOUTH ASIA—THE NEW LOCUS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mi- chael A. Sheehan, Ambassador-at-Large, Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Department of State; and Alan W. Eastham, Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of South Asian Af- fairs, Department of State. July 19, 2000.—HEARING: CRIME AND CORRUPTION IN BOS- NIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Harold Johnson, Associate Di- rector, International Relations and Trade, General Accounting Office; James Shafer, Assistant Director, International Rela- tions and Trade, General Accounting Office; David Bruno, Evaluator in Charge, General Accounting Office; and Amb. James Pardew, Deputy Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State for Kosovo and Dayton Implementation, Bu- reau of European Affairs, Department of State. July 25, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 544, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. July 25, 2000.—HEARING: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: A THREAT TO AMERICAN MILITARY PER- SONNEL?—PART I, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Lawrence S. Eagleburger, Senior Foreign Policy Advisor, Baker, Donelson, Bearman and Caldwell; and John R. Bolton, Esquire, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute. July 26, 2000.—HEARING: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, PART II, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. David Scheffer, Ambassador-at-Large, War Crimes Issues, Department of State; Hon. Walter Slocombe, Under Secretary, Policy, Department of Defense. September 7, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 3378; H.R. 4673; S. 484; H. RES. 547; H .CON. RES. 242; H. J. RES. 100; H.R. 1064; H. RES. 451; H. CON. RES. 257; AND S. 2460, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 19, 2000.—HEARING: GAO ASSESSMENT OF U.S. JUDICIAL AND POLICE REFORM ASSISTANCE IN HAITI, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Jess T. Ford, Associate Director, U.S. General Accounting Office, Virginia C. Hughes, Assistant Di- rector, U.S. General Accounting Office; and Juan F. Tapia- Videla, Evaluator-In-Charge, U.S. General Accounting Office. September 20, 2000.—HEARING: THE FIGHT AGAINST COR- RUPTION: THE UNFINISHED AGENDA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Fritz Heimann, Chairman, Transparency International USA; Robert Klitgaard, Dean, RAND Graduate School; Kwasi Abeasi, Director-General, Private Enterprise Foundation, Ghana, Assistant Governor, Rotary District 9100 (Africa); and Roberto de Michele, Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Ar- gentina. September 21, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 4899; H.R. 5224; H.R. 5239; H.R. 2166; AND H. CON. RES. 328, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. 42 September 26, 2000.—HEARING: U.N. INSPECTIONS OF IRAQ’S WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION PROGRAM: HAS SAD- DAM WON?, 2167 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Richard Butler, Diplomat in Residence, Council on Foreign Relations, Execu- tive Chairman of the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM), 1997–99; and Hon. Stephen J. Solarz, Former Member of Congress. September 26, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 5272, 2167 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 27, 2000.—HEARING: RUSSIA: HOW VLADIMIR PUTIN ROSE TO POWER AND WHAT AMERICA CAN EX- PECT, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Madeleine K. Albright, Secretary of State. September 28, 2000.—MARKUP: COMMENCEMENT OF H. RES. 596, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 3, 2000.—MARKUP: RESUMPTION OF H. RES. 596; H. RES. 577; H. CON. RES. 397, S. 2682; H. CON. RES. 404; S. 1453; H. RES. 588; H. CON. RES. 414; H. CON. RES. 410; H. CON. RES. 361; AND H. CON. RES. 382, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 11, 2000.—HEARING: POLICY BLUEPRINT FOR AP- PROVING U.N. PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John R. Bolton, Senior Vice President, Amer- ican Enterprise Institute; Dr. Dennis Jett, Dean of the Inter- national Center, University of Florida; and Edward C. Luck, Executive Director, Center for the Study of International Orga- nizations. October 12, 2000.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IRAN NONPROLIFERATION ACT OF 2000: IS LOSS OF LIFE IMMINENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA- TION?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: W. Michael Hawes, Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Flight Development, NASA; and Edward A. Frankle, General Counsel, NASA. October 18, 2000.—HEARING: DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Charles Ries, Principal Deputy Assist- ant Secretary of State, Bureau for European Affairs, Depart- ment of State. B. Subcommittee on Africa February 9, 1999.—HEARING: AMERICA’S STAKE IN TRADE AND INVESTMENT IN AFRICA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Rosa Whitaker, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Africa, Office of United States Trade Representative; William Bucknam, Vice President and General Counsel, Moving Water Industries; Lionel Johnson, Vice President for Government Af- fairs, Citigroup; and Ralph Moss, Director, Government Af- fairs, Seaboard Corporation. February 11, 1999.—HEARING: H.R. 434, THE AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1999, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Susan Rice, Assistant Secretary for African Af- fairs, Department of State. March 23, 1999.—HEARING: SIERRA LEONE: PROSPECTS FOR PEACE AND STABILITY, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Depart- 43 ment of State; Salih Booker, Senior Fellow and Director of Af- rican Studies, Council on Foreign Relations; and Richard Jocquot, Director for West Africa, International Rescue Com- mittee. April 13, 1999.—HEARING: DEBT RELIEF FOR AFRICA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: William Schuerch, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary for International Development, Debt and Environmental Policy, Department of Treasury; Dr. George B.N. Ayittey, De- partment of Economics, The American University; Njoki Njehu, Coordinator, 50 Years is Enough Network; and Daniel Zavala, Senior Vice President, Debt Advisory International. April 29, 1999.—HEARING: DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA, 1989– 1999: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Vivian Lowery Derryck, Assistant Adminis- trator for Africa, Agency for International Development; Fred O. Oladeinde, President, Foundation for Democracy in Africa; and Marina Ottaway, Co-Director, Democracy and Rule of Law Project, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. May 11, 1999.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 75, AND H. RES. 62, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 25, 1999.—HEARING: THE ETHIOPIA-ERITREA WAR: U.S. POLICY OPTIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, Depart- ment of State; Adotei Akwei, Advocacy Director for Africa, Am- nesty International; Dr. Edmond J. Keller, Director, James S. Coleman Center for African Studies, University of California, Los Angeles; and Melvin P. Foote, Executive Director, Con- stituency for Africa. May 27, 1999.—JOINT HEARING WITH IOHR: CRISIS AGAINST HUMANITY IN SUDAN, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Millard Burr, Consultant, U.S. Committee for Refugees, Author, Quan- tifying the Genocide; Dr. Charles Jacobs, President, American Anti-Slavery Group; Ms. Frances Boyle, Episcopal Missionary; Barbara Vogel, Founder, Slavery That Oppresses People; Vic- toria Ajang, Sudanese Refugee; and Mark Ajo, Sudanese Church Worker. July 22, 1999.—HEARING: U.S.-LIBYA RELATIONS: A NEW ERA?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Ronald E. Neumann, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, Depart- ment of State; Dr. Ray Takeyh, Soref Research Fellow, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy; Dr. Joshua Sinai, Senior Security Analyst International Security Division, ANSER; Omar Turbi, Libyan-American Human Rights Activ- ist; and Dr. Mansour Omar El-Kikhia, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas-San Antonio. August 3, 1999.—HEARING: NIGERIA: ON THE DEMOCRATIC PATH?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Howard Jeter, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State; Amb. David C. Miller, Jr., President, ParEx, Inc.; Bronwen Manby, Researcher, Africa Division, Human Rights Watch; and Mr. Lloyd Pierson, Director, Africa Division, Inter- national Republican Institute. September 28, 1999.—HEARING: THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: THE LUSAKA PEACE ACCORDS AND BE- 44 YOND, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Howard Wolpe, Special Envoy for the Democratic Republic of Congo, Department of State; Dr. William Zartman, Director of African Studies and Conflict Management, School of Advanced International Stud- ies, Johns Hopkins University; and Njoye Mwabilu, President, Congolese International Union, Rutgers University. October 14, 1999.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 20; AND H. CON. RES. 46, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 14, 1999.—HEARING: UNITED STATES-SOUTH AFRICA RELATIONS: PRESENT AND FUTURE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan E. Rice, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Af- rican Affairs, Department of State; Judson Ray, Special Agent, Unit Chief, International Training and Assistance, Federal Bu- reau of Investigation; and J. Daniel O’ Flaherty, Executive Di- rector, U.S.-South Africa Business Council. February 15, 2000.—HEARING: PEACEKEEPING IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO, 2200 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Richard Holbrooke, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. March 16, 2000.—HEARING: AFRICA’S ENERGY POTENTIAL, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Calvin Humphrey, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Department of Energy; and J. Robinson West, Chairman, The Petroleum Finance Com- pany. April 12, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 449; AND H.R. 3879, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 9, 2000.—HEARING: AFRICA’S DIAMONDS: PRECIOUS, PERILOUS TOO?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Howard Jeter, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State; Mr. Nchakna Moloi (via video conference), Special Advisor to the Minister for Minerals and En- ergy, The Republic of South Africa; and Ms. Charmian Gooch (via video conference), Director, Global Witness. June 13, 2000.—HEARING: ZIMBABWE: DEMOCRACY ON THE LINE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Nancy Powell, Acting Assist- ant Secretary of State, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State; Lloyd Pierson, Regional Director for Africa, Inter- national Republican Institute; Pat Merloe, Director of Pro- grams on Elections and Political Processes, National Demo- cratic Institute; Hon. Chester Crocker, Professor, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University; and Morgan Tsvangirai, President, Movement for Democratic Change, (Zimbabwe Political Party). July 27, 2000.—MARKUP OF S. 1453, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 13, 2000.—HEARING: U.N. REFERENDUM FOR WESTERN SAHARA: 9 YEARS AND COUNTING, 2255 Ray- burn, witness: Allen Keiswetter, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, Department of State. September 27, 2000.—HEARING: AIDS IN AFRICA: STEPS TO PREVENTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Vivian Lowery Derryck, USAID—Assistant Administrator, Africa Bureau; Sanford Ungar, Director, Voice of America; Peter Lamptey, 45 Senior Vice President, Family Health International; and Mary Crewe, Director of HIV–AIDS Unit, University of Pretoria. C. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific February 10, 1999.—HEARING: CHALLENGES IN U.S.-ASIA POLICY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Assist- ant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, De- partment of State; Dr. Edwin J. Feulner, President, Heritage Foundation; and Dr. Richard Solomon, President, U.S. Insti- tute of Peace. February 25, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 825, U.S.-MACAU POLICY ACT OF 1999; AND H. RES. 32, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 3, 1999.—HEARING: SOUTH ASIA: CHALLENGES IN U.S. POLICY, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Karl F. Inderfurth, Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs, De- partment of State; Dr. Richard Haas, Director of Foreign Pol- icy, Brookings Institute; and Dr. Marvin Weinbaum, Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science, University of Illi- nois—Champaign-Urbana. March 17, 1999.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 56 AND U.S. POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Steven R. Sestanovich, Ambassador at Large, Office of the Special Advi- sor to the Secretary for the Newly Independent States, Depart- ment of State; Dr. Ariel Cohen, Senior Policy Analyst in Rus- sian and Eurasian Studies, Heritage Foundation; and Nancy Lubin, President, JNA Associates, Inc. April 14, 1999.—HEARING: A REVIEW OF U.S.-TAIWAN RELA- TIONS ON THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TAIWAN RELATIONS ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Gerrit W. Gong, Freeman Chair and Director of Asian Studies, Center for Strategic International Studies; Nat Bellocchi, President, Bellocchi and Company, (Former Director of the American In- stitute in Taiwan); Hon. Susan Shirk, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; and Hon. Kurt Campbell, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Asia and Pacific Affairs, Department of Defense. April 21, 1999.—JOINT HEARING: THE EMBATTLED STATE OF U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS: ASSESSING THE ZHU RONGJI, 2172 Rayburn, Joint Hearing with Subcommittee on Inter- national Economic Policy and Trade, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Robert A. Kapp, President, U.S.-China Business Council; Sandra J. Kristoff, Senior Vice President, New York Life, (former Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor for Asian Affairs, National Security Council); and Nicholas D. Giordano, Esq. International Trade Counsel, National Pork Producers Council. May 12, 1999.—HEARING: DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA: PREP- ARATIONS FOR THE NATIONAL ELECTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Robert C. Ran- dolph, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Asia and the Near 46 East, U.S. Agency for International Development; Gordon Hein, Vice President for Programs, Asia Foundation; Glenn Cowan, Senior Advisor, National Democratic Institute; Sidney Jones, Executive Director, Asia Division, Human Rights Watch. May 26, 1999.—HEARING: THE COX COMMITTEE: REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON U.S. SECURITY AND MILI- TARY/COMMERCIAL CONCERNS WITH THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Rep. Chris- topher Cox, Chairman, Select Committee on U.S. Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People’s Republic of China; and Rep. Norman D. Dicks, Ranking Member, Select Committee on U.S. Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People’s Republic of China. June 16, 1999.—HEARING: MALAYSIA: ASSESSING THE MAHATHIR AGENDA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Ralph L. ‘‘Skip’’ Boyce, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Dr. Linda Lim, Director, Southeast Asia Business Program, University of Michigan Business School; and Douglas Paal, President, Asia-Pacific Pol- icy Center. June 23, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1152, SILK ROAD STRATEGY ACT; AND H.R. 1794, CONCERNING THE PARTICIPATION OF TAIWAN IN THE WHO, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. July 1, 1999.—MARKUP: H. RES. 227, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 9, 1999.—JOINT HEARING WITH SENATE SUB- COMMITTEE ON EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS: THE POLITICAL FUTURES OF INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas Pickering, Un- dersecretary for Political Affairs, Department of State; Amb. Paul Wolfowitz, Dean, School of Advanced International Stud- ies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Donald K. Emmerson, Senior Fellow, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stan- ford University; and Sidney Jones, Executive Director, Asia Di- vision, Human Rights Watch. September 15, 1999.—HEARING: TAIWAN, THE PRC, AND THE TAIWAN SECURITY ENHANCEMENT ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Craig Thomas (R-WY), Chairman, Senate For- eign Relations Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs; Dr. Susan Shirk, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Dr. Kurt Campbell, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Asia and Pacific Affairs, De- partment of Defense; Hon. Caspar Weinberger, Chairman, Forbes Magazine (Former Secretary of Defense); Hon. R. James Woolsey, Partner, Shea & Gardner (Former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency); Dr. David M. Lampton, Di- rector, Chinese Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. September 15, 1999.—MARKUP: H. RES. 292, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. October 20, 1999.—HEARING: REGIONAL SECURITY IN SOUTH ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Karl F. Inderfurth, As- sistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs, Department of State; 47 Dr. Arona Butcher, Chief of Country and Regional Analysis Di- vision, Office of Economics, United States International Trade Commission; Amb. Teresita Schaffer, Director for South Asia, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS); and Selig S. Harrison, Senior Scholar, Woodrow Wilson Institute, Fellow, The Century Foundation. October 27, 1999.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 169; H. CON. RES. 200; AND H. CON. RES. 211, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. February 10, 2000.—JOINT HEARING WITH SENATE SUB- COMMITTEE ON EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS, 2123 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Assistant Sec- retary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Hon. C. David Welch, Assistant Secretary for International Or- ganization Affairs; Charles Costello, Director for Democracy Programs, Carter Center; and Dr. Andrew MacIntyre, Asso- ciate Dean, Graduate School of International Relations and Pa- cific Studies, University of California, San Diego. February 16, 2000.—HEARING: INDONESIA: CONFRONTING THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CRISES, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Timothy F. Geithner, Undersecretary for Inter- national Affairs, Department of the Treasury; Hon. Stanley Roth, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Michael Gadbaw, Chairman, U.S.-Indo- nesia Business Committee, U.S.-ASEAN Business Council; Dr. Theodore Friend, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Cen- ter; and Eric C. Bjornlund, Director of Asia Programs, National Democratic Institute. March 2, 2000.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA AND TIBET, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Xiao Qiang, Executive Direc- tor, Human Rights Watch in China; Bhuchung Tsering, Direc- tor, International Campaign for Tibet; John J. Sweeney, Presi- dent, The American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations; Harry Wu, President, Laogai Research Insti- tute, Former Detainee in China; Reyila Abudureyim, Daughter of Rebiya Kadeer, Uighur Muslim Detainee in China; Tracy Zhao, Falun Gong practitioner, former Detainee in China; and Song Yong Yi, Librarian an Researcher, Dickinson College, former Detainee in China. March 8, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. SECURITY CONCERNS IN ASIA, 2318 Rayburn, witnesses: Admiral Dennis Blair, Com- mander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command; Hon. Franklin D. Kramer, Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs, Department of Defense; and Rust Deming, Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State. March 22, 2000.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 292, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none. April 12, 2000.—JOINT HEARING WITH IOHR: DEMOCRACY IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Donald Pressley, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Europe and Eurasia, U.S. Agency for International Develop- ment; Dr. Paul Goble, Director of Communications, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty; Dr. Martha Olcott, Professor, Depart- 48 ment of Political Science, Colgate University; and Cassandra Cavanaugh, Researcher, Human Rights Watch. April 12, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 295; 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 27, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 322; AND S. CON. RES. 81, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 28, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. ASSISTANCE TO MICRONESIA AND THE MARSHALL ISLANDS: A QUESTION OF AC- COUNTABILITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Susan S. Westin, Ph.D., Associate Director, International Relations and Trade Division, U.S. Government Accounting Office (GAO); Ferdi- nand Aranza, Director, Office of Insular Affairs, Department of the Interior; Allen Stayman, Special Negotiator for Compact of Free Association, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, De- partment of State; and Fred Smith, Special Assistant to the Undersecretary for Asia-Pacific Issues, Department of Defense. July 25, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. RES. 543, H–139, The Capitol, witnesses: none. September 13, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 328; AND H. CON. RES. 397, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 19, 2000.—JOINT HEARING WITH IEPT: PRELUDE TO NEW DIRECTIONS IN U.S.-VIETNAM RELATIONS: THE 2000 ILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Charlene Barshefsky, United States Trade Rep- resentative; Hon. Timothy J. Hauser, Deputy Undersecretary for International Trade, Department of Commerce; and Hon. Stanley O. Roth, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State. D. Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere February 24, 1999.—HEARING: RELIEF EFFORTS IN CENTRAL AMERICA IN THE AFTERMATH OF HURRICANE MITCH, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mark L. Schneider, Assistant Administrator, Latin America, Agency for International Devel- opment; Amb. John P. Leonard, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central America, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, De- partment of State; and General Charles Wilhelm, Commander- in-Chief, U.S. Southern Command. March 3, 1999.—HEARING: THE ANTI-DRUG EFFORT IN THE AMERICAS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE DRUG ELIMINATION ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mike DeWine, Member of the Senate Caucus on Narcotics Control; Hon. L. Rand Beers, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Af- fairs, Department of State; Tom Umberg, Deputy Director, Of- fice of Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Pol- icy; Donny Marshall, Deputy Administrator, Drug Enforcement Agency; Rear Admiral Raymond Riutta, Assistant Com- mandant for Operations, U.S. Coast Guard; and Ms. Bonni Tischler, Assistant Commissioner for Investigations, U.S. Cus- toms Service. March 24, 1999.—HEARING: U.S.-CUBA RELATIONS: WHERE ARE WE AND WHERE ARE WE HEADING?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Michael Ranneberger, Director, Office of Cuban Af- 49 fairs, Department of State; Bernard W. Aronson, President, ACON Investments, and the Co-Chair on the Council on For- eign Relations Task Force on U.S.-Cuban Relations in the 21st Century; Professor Irving L. Horowitz, Former Distinguished Professor, Rutgers University; Bishop William F. Murphy, Vicar General and Moderator of the Curia Archdiocese of Bos- ton; Otto Reich, President, U.S.-Cuba Business Council; and Jorge Mas, Jr., Vice-Chairman, Cuban American National Foundation. June 16, 1999.—HEARING: DEMOCRACY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. David Passage, Former Andean Desk Officer, Department of State; Dr. Jeffrey Stark, Director of Research and Studies, Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, University of Miami; and Dr. Christopher Sabatini, Senior Pro- gram Officer, Latin America and the Carribean, National En- dowment for Democracy. June 30, 1999.—MARKUP: H. RES. 57; H. RES. 181; H. RES. 17; H. RES. 228; H. RES. 25; AND H. CON. RES. 140, 2255 Ray- burn, witnesses: none. September 29, 1999.—HEARING: TO RECEIVE AN UPDATE ON SELECTED REGIONAL ISSUES TO INCLUDE: COLOMBIA AND U.S. POLICY; LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS IN HAITI AND U.S. TROOP WITHDRAWAL; STATUS OF COUNTER- DRUG FORWARD OPERATING LOCATIONS; U.S.-CUBA COUNTER-NARCOTICS COOPERATION PROPOSAL; CHI- NESE INFLUENCE IN THE PANAMA CANAL; POLITICAL EVENTS IN VENEZUELA; AND STATUS OF U.S. PROP- ERTY CLAIMS IN NICARAGUA, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Peter F. Romero, Acting Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State. March 15, 2000.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND LATIN AMERICA IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: OUTLOOK AND PRIORITIES, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Peter Hakim, President, Inter-Amer- ican Dialogue; Susan Kaufman Purcell, Ph.D., Vice President, Americas Society; Sidney Weintraub, Ph.D., William E. Simon Chair of Political Economy, Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies; and Jennifer L. McCoy, Ph.D., Director, Latin America and Caribbean Program, The Carter Center. May 17, 2000.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND THE CARIBBEAN IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: WHAT IS THE AGENDA?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: H.E. Richard Leighton Bernal, Ambas- sador, Embassy of Jamaica; Anthony T. Bryan, Ph.D., Director and Senior Research Associate, Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, Caribbean Studies Program, University of Miami; and Georges A. Fauriol, Ph.D., Director and Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Americas Program. June 14, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 232, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. June 14, 2000.—HEARING: CHALLENGES TO HEMISPHERIC DEMOCRACY: ELECTIONS, COUPS, AND INSTABILITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Conyers, Jr., Member of Congress; and Amb. Lino Gutierrez, Principal Deputy Assist- 50 ant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Depart- ment of State. June 28, 2000.—HEARING: DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN LATIN AMERICA: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSISTANCE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: William E. Schuerch, Deputy Assistant Secretary, International Development, Debt and Environmental Policy, Department of the Treasury; Carl Leonard, Assistant Adminis- trator, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Agency for International Development; Sylvia Saborio, Senior Fellow, Overseas Development Council; and Colin Bradford, Ph.D., Professor of Economics and International Relations, The Amer- ican University. July 26, 2000.—HEARING: U.S. RELATIONS WITH BRAZIL: STRATEGIC PARTNERS OR REGIONAL COMPETITORS?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Linda Eddleman, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State; H. E. Rubens Barbosa, Ambassador, Embassy of Brazil; Michael A. May, Director, MERCOSUL—South America Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies; and Mark Smith, Executive Director, U.S.-Brazil Business Council. September 21, 2000.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTING PLAN CO- LOMBIA: THE U.S. ROLE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. R. Rand Beers, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Nar- cotics and Law Enforcement, Department of State; Hon. Brian Sheridan, Assistant Secretary, Special Operations and Low-In- tensity Conflict, Department of Defense; Carl Leonard, Assist- ant Administrator for Latin America, U.S. Agency for Inter- national Development; Jose Miguel Vivanco, Executive Direc- tor, Americas Division, Human Rights Watch; and Michael Shifter, Ph.D., Senior Fellow, Inter-American Dialogue. E. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade February 25, 1999.—HEARING: BRAZIL’S ECONOMIC CRISIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. Ted Truman, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Department of the Treasury; Mr. Paulo da Cuhna, Senior Vice-President and Senior Latin American Economist, Lehman Brothers Global Economics Group; Dr. Sid- ney Weintraub, William E. Simon Chair in Political Economics, Center for Strategic and International Studies; and Mr. Mark Smith, Executive Director, U.S.-Brazil Business Council. March 3, 1999.—HEARING: A NEW ACT FOR A NEW WORLD ORDER: REASSESSING THE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT, 2237 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Christopher Cox, Member of Congress; Hon. Norman D. Dicks, Member of Congress; Hon. William Reinsch, Undersecretary of Commerce, Bureau of Ex- port Administration; Hon. Richard Hogland, Assistant Com- missioner for Investigations, U.S. Customs Service; Hon. Toby Roth, Former Member of Congress, President, The Roth Group; The Honorable Dave McCurdy, Former Member of Congress, President, Electronic Industries Association; Joel Johnson, Vice President International, Division, Aerospace Industries Asso- ciation; Edmund Rice, President, Coalition for Employment 51 through Exports; and Paul Freedenberg, Director of Govern- ment Relations, The Association for Manufacturing Tech- nology. March 23, 1999.—HEARING: LEVELING THE PLAYING FIELD AND OPENING MARKETS: NEGOTIATING A WTO AGRI- CULTURAL AGREEMENT, 2255, Rayburn, witnesses: Chuck Lambert, Chief Economist, National Cattlemen’s Beef Associa- tion; Thomas Suber, CEO, U.S. Export Dairy Council; Nelson Delinger, Vice-President of Government Programs, U.S. Wheat Association; Val Giddings, Vice-President, Biotech Industry Or- ganization; and Nicholas Giordano, International Trade Coun- sel, National Pork Producers. April 14, 1999.—HEARING: SHOULD WE REAUTHORIZE OPIC?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: George Munoz, President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation; John Hardy, Vice President of Project Finance, Enron International, (on behalf of the Na- tional Foreign Trade Council, the Coalition for Employment through Exports, and the International Energy Development Council); Willard A. Workman, Vice President, International Division, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; and Jim Sheehan, Direc- tor of International Environmental Policy, Competitive Enter- prise Institute. May 18, 1999.—HEARING: ENCRYPTION: SECURITY IN A HIGH TECH ERA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. William Reinsch, Undersecretary of Commerce, Bureau of Export Ad- ministration; Hon. Barbara McNamara, Deputy Director, Na- tional Security Agency; Hon. Ron Lee, Assistant Attorney Gen- eral, National Security Department of Justice; Gene Voegtlin, Esq., Legislative Counsel, International Association of Chiefs of Police; Ira Rubinstein, Senior Corporate Attorney, Microsoft Corporation; Ed Gillespie, Executive Director, Americans for Computer Privacy; David Wise, Vice President of Product Mar- keting, CITRIX Corporation, Alan Davidson, Staff Counsel, Center for Democracy and Technology; and Dinah Po Kempner, Deputy General Counsel, Human Rights Watch. June 9, 1999.—HEARING: EVALUATING THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION AND THE TRADE AND DEVEL- OPMENT AGENCY, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David Aaron, Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade, Department of Commerce; Hon. Nancy Frame, Deputy Direc- tor, Trade and Development Agency; Edmund Rice, President, Coalition for Employment through Exports; Al Merritt, Presi- dent, MD International; Thomas Schatz, President, Citizens Against Government Waste; and Michael Katz, President, Cenogenics Corporation. June 29, 1999.—HEARING: ‘‘Y2K, CUSTOMS FLOWS AND GLOBAL TRADE: ARE WE PREPARED TO MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE MILLENNIUM?’’, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: John McPhee, Director, Office of Computers and Busi- ness Equipment and Trade Development, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce; Hon. S.W. Hall, Jr., Assistant Commissioner and Chief Information Officer, U.S. Customs Service; Jack L. Brock, Director, Government-wide and Defense Information Systems, General Accounting Office; 52 and Harold Brauner, President, Brauner International Cor- poration. July 22, 1999.—HEARING: THE U.S. TRADE DEFICIT: ARE WE TRADING AWAY OUR FUTURE?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Pat Mulloy, Assistant Secretary for Market Access and Compliance, Department of Commerce; Mr. Robert E. Scott, Economist, Economic Policy Institute; Dr. Robert A. Blecker, Professor of Economy, American University; and Dr. Simon Evenett, Associate Professor, Rutgers University. September 22, 1999.—HEARING: TRADE IN THE AMERICAS: PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS, 2200 Ray- burn, witnesses: Walter Bastian, Director, Office of Latin America and the Caribbean, International Trade Administra- tion, Department of Commerce; Douglas Browning, Assistant Commissioner, International Affairs, U.S. Customs Service; Jerry Haar, Director, Inter-American Business and Labor Pro- gram, Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, University of Miami; and Louis Marrero, President, Spectra Colors Corpora- tion, Philip Lande, President, Manchester Trade. September 29, 1999.—HEARING: TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AGENDA: CONFLICT OR COOPERATION?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Charles Ludolph, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Europe, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce; Hon. E. Bryan Samuel, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade Policy, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, De- partment of State; Willard M. Berry, President, European- American Business Council; Rick Reinert, President, REHA Enterprises, Inc.; and John Roberts, President, National Asso- ciation for the Specialty Food Trade. Oct 13, 1999.—HEARING: VIOLATIONS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: HOW DO WE PROTECT AMERICAN INGENUITY?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Raymond Kelly, Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, Department of the Treasury; Hon. Richard Fisher, Deputy U.S. Trade Representa- tive; Hon. Q. Todd Dickinson, Acting Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Acting Commissioner of Patents and Trade- marks; Jeremy Salesin, Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Lucas Arts Entertainment (Also representing the Interactive Digital Software Association); Charles Caruso, International Patent Counsel, Merck & Company, Inc.; Salvatore Monte, President, Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc.; and Lt. Gen. Gordon Sumner, U.S. Army (Ret.). Oct 26, 1999.—HEARING: U.S. TRADE POLICIES AND AGRI- CULTURAL DISEASE: SAFETY, ECONOMIC, AND GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Michael V. Dunn, Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Serv- ice, Department of Agriculture; Benjamin Cohen, Senior Staff Attorney, Center for Science in the Public Interest; Craig Wheeling, President and CEO, Brooks Tropicals; and Dr. Peter Day, Director, Center for Agricultural Molecular Biology, Cook College, Rutgers University. March 22, 2000.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT—PART I, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Daniel A. Hoydysh, Director, UNISYS, also representing the 53 Computer Coalition for Responsible Exports; David Rose, Di- rector of Export/Import Administration, INTEL, also representing the American Electronics Association; David McCur- dy, President, Electronic Industries Alliance; John Douglass, President, Aerospace Industries Association; and Dr. Paul Freedenberg, Director of Government Relations, Association for Manufacturing Technology (AMT), former Undersecretary of Commerce for Export Administration. April 4, 2000.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE EXPORT AD- MINISTRATION ACT—PART II, 2128 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Roger Majak, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Ad- ministration, Department of Commerce. April 6, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 3680; 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 16, 2000.—HEARING: CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN LATIN AMERICA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: George Munoz, President and CEO, Over- seas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC); Bryan Samuel, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State; Regina Vargo, Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Western Hemisphere, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce; Carlos E. Loumiet, Chair, International and Banking Practices, Greenberg, Traurig Attorneys at Law; and Roberto Zamora, President, Latin America Financial Services (LAFISE). June 21, 2000.—HEARING: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Mildred O. Callear, Vice President and Treasurer, Department of Finan- cial Management and Statutory Review, Overseas Private In- vestment Corporation; Barbara Bradford, Deputy Director, United States Trade and Development Agency; Daniel Renberg, Member of the Board, Export-Import Bank of the United States; Myron Ebell, Director, Global Warming and International Environmental Policy, Competitive Enterprise Institute; and Paul Joffe, Associate Director for Advocacy, Na- tional Wildlife Fund. July 19, 2000.—HEARING: THE COSTS OF INTERNET PIRACY FOR THE MUSIC AND SOFTWARE INDUSTRIES, 2200 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. Q. Todd Dickinson, Under Secretary for Intellectual Property and Director, Patent and Trademark Of- fice, Department of Commerce; Joseph Papovich, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Services, Investment, and Intel- lectual Property; Jack Krumholtz, Director of Federal Govern- ment Affairs and Associate General Counsel, Microsoft; and Tom Tyrrell, Executive Vice-President and General Counsel, Sony Music Entertainment. September 13, 2000.—HEARING: CORPORATE AND INDUS- TRIAL ESPIONAGE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Sheila Horan, Deputy Assistant Director on Counter Intelligence, Federal Bu- reau of Investigation; Scott Charney, Partner, Price Waterhouse Coopers; Austin J. McGuigen, Senior Partner, Rome McGuigan and Sabanosh, P.C. and Co-author of How to Use the Economic Espionage Act to Protect Your Corporate As- 54 sets; Dan Swartwood, Corporate Information Security Manager, Compaq Computer Corporation, and Co-author of Trends in In- tellectual Property Loss Survey Report. September 19, 2000.—JOINT HEARING WITH A&P: PRELUDE TO NEW DIRECTIONS IN U.S.-VIETNAM RELATIONS: THE 2000 BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Charlene Barshefsky, United States Trade Rep- resentative; Hon. Timothy J. Hauser, Deputy Undersecretary for International Trade, Department of Commerce; and Hon. Stanley O. Roth, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State. F. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights February 26, 1999.—HEARING: COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1998, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL), De- partment of State; Mr. Stephen Rickard, Director, Washington Office, Amnesty International; Jerry Fowler, Legislative Coun- sel, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights; and Ms. Nina Shea, Director, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House. March 2, 1999.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 28; AND FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION FOR FY 2000–2001: DEPARTMENT OF STATE MANAGEMENT INI- TIATIVES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Bonnie Cohen, Under Secretary for Management, Department of State; and Patrick Kennedy, Assistant Secretary for Administration, De- partment of State. March 4, 1999.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 2000–2001: PUBLIC DIPLOMACY PRO- GRAMS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Tim Roemer, Member of Congress; Hon. Penn Kemble, Acting Director, United States Information Agency; Edward E. Kaufman, Member, Board of Broadcasting Governors; Carl Gershman, President, National Endowment for Democracy; Tom Dine, President of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty; Richard Richter, President, Radio Free Asia; and Evelyn Lieberman, Voice of America. March 9, 1999.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 2000–2001: REFUGEES AND MIGRA- TION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Julia Taft, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration, De- partment of State; Karen AbuZayd, Regional Representative, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; Reynold Levy, President and Chief Executive Officer, International Res- cue Committee; Donald Hammond, Senior Vice President, World Relief; Diana Aviv, Senior Associate Executive Vice President, Council of Jewish Federations; and Lionel Rosenblatt, President, Refugees International. March 12, 1999.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 2000–2001: SECURITY OF UNITED STATES MISSIONS ABROAD, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Ad- miral William J. Crowe, Jr., Chairman, Accountability Review Board; Daniel F. Geisler, President, American Foreign Service 55 Association; and Hon. David G. Carpenter, Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security, Department of State. March 23, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1211, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. March 25, 1999.—MARKUP: H. RES. 128, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. May 27, 1999.—JOINT HEARING WITH AFRICA: CRISIS AGAINST HUMANITY IN SUDAN, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Millard Burr, Consultant, U.S. Committee for Refugees, Author, Quantifying the Genocide; Dr. Charles Jacobs, Presi- dent, American Anti-Slavery Group; Ms. Frances Boyle, Epis- copal Missionary; Barbara Vogel, Founder, Slavery That Op- presses People; Victoria Ajang, Sudanese Refugee; and Mark Ajo, Sudanese Church Worker. June 29, 1999.—HEARING: UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD VICTIMS OF TORTURE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Leslie Gerson, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Department of State; Lavinia Limon, Director, Office of Refugee Resettlement, Department of Health and Human Services; Ann Van Dusen, Deputy As- sistant Administrator, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordi- nation, Agency for International Development; Bo Cooper, Act- ing General Counsel, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service; Dr. Judy Okawa, Director, Program for Survivors of Torture and Severe Trauma, Center for Multi-Cultural Human Services; Ali Hoxhaj, Torture Survivor, Kosovo; Ladi Olorunyomi, Torture Survivor, Nigeria; Mr. M, Torture Sur- vivor, Iran; and Douglas A. Johnson, Executive Director, Cen- ter for Victims of Torture. August 4, 1999.—MARKUP: H.R. 1356, TO END INTER- NATIONAL SEXUAL TRAFFICKING, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 14, 1999.—HEARING: TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE INTERNATIONAL SEX TRADE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Department of State; Theresa Loar, Director, Presi- dent’s Interagency Council on Women, Department of State; Dr. Laura J. Lederer, Research Director and Project Manager, The Protection Project, Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government; Gary A. Haugen, President and Chief Executive Officer, International Justice Mission; and Ms. Anita Sharma Bhattarai, Trafficking Survivor, Nepal. September 24, 1999.—HEARING: THE PATTEN COMMISSION REPORT ON POLICING IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Rt. Hon. Chris Patten, Chairman, Inde- pendent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland; Michael Finucane, son of Patrick Finucane, slain defense attorney; Paul Nelson, Widower of Rosemary Nelson, slain defense attorney; Michael Posner, Executive Director, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights; Jane Winter, Director, British Irish Rights Watch; Maggie Beirne, Committee on the Administration of Justice, Belfast; and Julia Hall, Northern Ireland Researcher, Human Rights Watch. 56 September 30, 1999.—HEARING: THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN EAST TIMOR, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Department of State; Hon. Julia Taft, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Department of State; Xanana Gusmao,´ President, National Council of Timorese Resistance; Jose Ramos-Horta, 1996 Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Vice President, National Council of Timorese Resistance; Allan Nairn, Journalist, former detainee in East Timor; Arnold S. Kohen, Biographer of Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo; and T. Kumar, Advocacy Director, Amnesty International, USA. October 6, 1999.—HEARING: THE FIRST ANNUAL STATE DE- PARTMENT REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Robert Seiple, Am- bassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom, Depart- ment of State; Nina Shea, Member, U.S. Commission on Inter- national Religious Freedom; Stephen Rickard, Director, Wash- ington Office, Amnesty International USA; Dr. Paul Marshall, Senior Fellow, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House; Rev. Nguyen Huu Le, Executive Director, Committee for Reli- gious Freedom in Vietnam, Former religious prisoner in Viet- nam; and Abdughuphur Kadirhaji, Uighur Muslim from Urumqi city, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China. December 8, 1999.—HEARING: CHINA, THE WTO, AND HUMAN RIGHTS, 2118 Rayburn, witnesses: Lori Wallach, President, Global Trade Watch; Stephen Rickard, Director, Washington, D.C. Legislative Office, Amnesty International USA; Charles Wowkanech, President, New Jersey State AFL–CIO; Harry Hongda Wu, Executive Director, Laogai Research Foundation; and Mary Beth Markey, Director of Government Relations, International Campaign for Tibet. March 8, 2000.—HEARING: COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1999, 2360 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of De- mocracy, Human Rights and Labor, Department of State; Elisa Massimino, Director of Washington, D.C. Office, Lawyers Com- mittee for Human Rights; Carlos Salinas, Advocacy Director for Latin America, Amnesty International USA; Nina Shea, Di- rector, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House; and Dr. Alison DesForges, Consultant on Africa, Human Rights Watch. April 13, 2000.—HEARING: CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN CUBA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Maria Dominguez, Executive Di- rector, St. Thomas University Human Rights Center; Rev. Lucius Walker, Jr., Executive Director, Interreligious Founda- tion for Community Organization, Recipient, Order of Friend- ship, conferred by the Government of Cuba; Ileana Fuentes, Feminist author and survivor of ‘‘Operacion Pedro Pan’’; Jorge Garcia, Grandfather of a child killed in the sinking of the ‘‘13 de Marzo,’’ and former schoolteacher in Cuba; Jose Cohen, Fa- ther of 3 children still being held in Cuba; Nery Torres, Direc- tor of Choreography for Gloria Estefan, Survivor of Cuban child labor camp; and Daniel Shanfield, Staff Attorney, Law- yers Committee for Human Rights. 57 June 28, 2000.—MARKUP OF H.R. 4528; H. CON. RES. 328; H. CON. RES. 257; S. CON. RES. 81; AND H. CON. RES. 348, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. September 7, 2000.—HEARING: STATE DEPARTMENT ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FOR 2000, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Robert A. Seiple, Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom, De- partment of State; Dr. Firuz Kazemzadeh, Vice Chairman, U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom; Joseph Assad, Middle East Research Director, Freedom House; Acacia Shields, Uzbekistan Researcher, Human Rights Watch; Dr Jimmy Zou, Falun Gong practitioner and former detainee in China; and Rev. Pha Her, Secretary, Lao Evangelical Church. September 14, 2000.—HEARING: H. RES. 398, THE U.S. TRAIN- ING ON AND COMMEMORATION OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE RESOLUTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Marc Grossman, Director General of the Foreign Service, De- partment of State; Dr. Justin McCarthy, Professor of History, University of Louisville; Dr. Robert F. Melson, Professor of Po- litical Science, Purdue University; Dr. Roger W. Smith, Pro- fessor of Government, College of William and Mary; and Amb. GUndUz Suphi Aktan, Former Ambassador of the Republic of Turkey. September 20, 2000.—HEARING: UNITED NATIONS PEACE- KEEPING, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: John Bolton, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute; Joel R. Charny, Vice President, Refugees International, Dr. William J. Durch, Sen- ior Associate, Henry L. Stimson Center; Hasan Nuhanovic, Former translator, U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Srebrenica, and Guillaume Kavaruganda, Son of the former Chief Justice of Rwanda, a victim of the Rwandan genocide. September 21, 2000.—MARKUP OF H. CON. RES. 395; H. RES. 577; H. RES. 398; AND S. 1453, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none. G. Protocol Meetings Albania—2/3/99: H.E. Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister. Australia—11/4/99: Hon. Alexander Downer, MP, Foreign Affairs Minister. Colombia—9/22/99: H.E. Andres Pastrana, President. 10/7/99—H.E. Luis Fernando Ramirez, Minister of National De- fense, General Fernando Tapias, General-Commander of the Military Forces, and General Jose Serrano, Director-General of the Colombian National Police. 7/20/00—Major General Luis Ernesto Gilibert Vargas, Director- General of the Colombian National Police. Costa Rica—7/30/99: H.E. Roberto Rojas, Foreign Affairs Minister. Council of Europe—6/10/99: Delegation of Members. 5/4/00—Secretary General Walter Schwimmer. Cyprus—2/23/99: H.E. Ioannis Kasoulides, Foreign Minister. Ecuador—3/21/00: H.E. Dr. Heinz Moeller, Foreign Affairs Min- ister. Egypt—6/30/99: H.E. Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, President. 3/29/00—H.E. Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, President. 58 Eritrea—4/6/00: H.E. Isais Afwerki, President. European Union—9/24/99: EU Commissioner Chris Patten. 10/27/99—H.E. Romano Prodi, President of the European Commis- sion, and H.E. Pascal Lamy, Commissioner Responsible for Trade. Finland/European Commission—7/21/99: H.E. Jaakko Laajava, Am- bassador and H.E. Hugo Paemen, Ambassador. Germany/European Commission—3/11/99: H.E. Juergen Chrobog, Ambassador and H.E. Hugo Paemen, Head of European Com- mission Delegation. European Commission/Portugal—4/11/00: H.E. Joao Rocha Paris, Ambassador and Dr. Guenter Burghardt. European Commission/France—7/11/00: H.E. Francois V. Bujon, Ambassador and H.E. Dr. Guenter Burghardt Germany—10/19/99: Chairman Hans-Ulrich Klose, Bundestag For- eign Relations Committee. 11/4/99—H.E. Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister. 5/9/00—H.E. Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister. Greece—5/3/00: Foreign Minister George Papandreou. Hong Kong—6/15/99: Hon. Anson Chan, Chief Secretary of Hong Kong and the Special Administrative Region’s (HKSAR) senior civil servant. India—9/14/00: H.E. Atal Behari Vajpayee, Prime Minister. International Campaign for Tibet—2/10/99: Mr. Richard Gere. Ireland (Republic)—3/16/99: H.E. Bertie Ahern, Prime Minister. 4/28/99—Chairman William McCarter, International Fund for Ire- land (IFI). 3/16/00—H.E. Bertie Ahern, Prime Minister. 9/20/00—H.E.Brian Cowen, Minister of Foreign Affairs. Ireland (Northern)—3/17/99: Rt. Hon. Dr. Marjorie Mowlam, Sec- retary of State. 3/18/99—MP Gerry Adams, Sinn Fein President. 5/4/99—MP Martin McGuinness of Sinn Fein. 7/21/99—Rt. Hon. Dr. Marjorie Mowlam, Secretary of State. 9/14/99—MP Martin McGuinness of Sinn Fein. 7/11/00—MP Gerry Adams, Sinn Fein President. Iraq—5/27/99: Members of the Executive Presidency of the Iraqi National Congress. Israel—7/20/99: H.E. Ehud Barak, Prime Minister. 9/14/99—Ambassador Zalman Shoval. 11/11/99—Ambassador Zalman Shoval. 2/1/00—Ambassador David Ivry. 9/13/00—H.E. Shlomo Ben-Ami, Minister of Public Security and Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs. Italy—2/25/99: Hon. Leolucca Orlando, Mayor of Palermo. Jordan—5/19/99: King Abdullah bin Al-Hussein. 6/6/00—King Abdullah bin Al-Hussein. Kosovo—9/13/00: Maj. General Ramush Haridinaj, Former Maj. General of the Kosovo Liberation Army. Lithuania—3/4/99: H.E. Vytautas Landsbergis, Chairman of the Parliament. Macedonia—2/3/99: H.E. Ljubco Georgievski, Prime Minister. NATO—6/21/00: Secretary General Lord George Robertson. Nicaragua—5/24/00: H.E. Arnoldo Aleman, President. 59 Nigeria—10/27/99: H.E. Olesegun Obasanjo, President. OSCE—2/2/99: H.E. Helle Degn, MP, President of the Parliamen- tary Assembly. Peru—10/14/99: Dr. Alejandro Aguinaga, Health Minister and President of the Peruvian Commission on the Fight Against Drugs (Controdrogas). Philippines—7/26/00: H.E. Joseph Ejercito Estrada, President. Poland—1/21/99: H.E. Leszek Balcerowicz, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister. 10/28/99—Hon. Dr. Czeslaw Bielecki, Chairman of the Foreign Af- fairs Committee of the Polish Parliament (Sejm). Qatar—2/24/99: H.E. Sheikh Hamad Bin Jasim bin Jabir Al Thani, Foreign Minister. 3/9/00—H.H. Sheikh Jassem bin Hamad Al Thani, Crown Prince. Serbia—11/2/99: Delegation of Oppositions Parties/Movements. Somaliland—10/7/99: H.E. Mohamed Ibrahim Egal, President. United Kingdom—4/22/99: Rt. Hon. Robin Cook, Foreign Minister, and Rt. Hon. George Robertson, Defense Minister. 7/22/99—BAPG Delegation led by the Rt. Hon. Michael Meacher, MP. 5/11/99—MP Rt. Hon. Peter Brooke and Delegation from Northern Ireland Affairs Cmte. 5/20/99—Rt. Hon. Robin Cook, Foreign Minister. 9/9/99—Mr. Adam Ingram, Minister of State for Northern Ireland. 3/23/00—Delegation from the Foreign Affairs Committee of the British Parliament. United Nations—7/27/99: Joseph Connor, Under Secretary General for Administration and Management. 7/27/99 Mark Malloch Brown, Executive Director, UN Development Program. 9/7/00—Mr. Koichiro Matsuura, Director General of the UN Edu- cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Venezuela—9/23/99: H.E. Hugo Chavez, President. Western Europe and Other Group (WEOG)—9/29/99: Delegation of WEOG Ambassadors. World Bank—4/11/00: President James D. Wolfensohn. World Health Organization—3/4/99: Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director General. Yemen—4/4/00: H.E. Ali Abdullah Salih, President.

APPENDIX I

WITNESSES BEFORE FULL COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEES DURING THE 106TH CONGRESS During the 106th Congress, the Full Committee and its subcommittees took testimony from witnesses in legislative and con- sultative hearings. Witnesses were drawn from the executive branch, Members of Congress, and private citizens with particular expertise. In addition, the full committee and subcommittees received distinguished visitors from other countries. The key to abbreviations is as follows: SubIEPT—Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade. SubIOHR—Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. SubAF—Subcommittee on Africa. SubAP—Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. SubWH—Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere.

A. CONGRESSIONAL WITNESSES Abercrombie, Neil, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Bartlett, Roscoe, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Bliley, Tom, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Brown, Corinne, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Conyers, John Jr., Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, November 9, 1999 (Haiti); hearing before the full committee, March 23, 2000 (Iraq); hearing before the SubWH, June 14, 2000 (Challenges to Hemispheric Democracy). Cox, Christopher, Member of Congress, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA); classified briefing before the full committee, May 4, 1999 (Technology Flows to China); hearing before the SubAP, May 26, 1999 (Cox Committee Report); hearing before the full committee, October 13, 1999 (North Korea); hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). DeWine, Mike, U.S. Senator, hearing before the SubWH, March 3, 1999 (W. Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act); hearing before the full committee, November 9, 1999 (Haiti). Dicks, Norman D., Member of Congress, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA); classified briefing before the full committee, May 4, 1999 (Technology Flows to China); hearing before the SubAP, May 26, 1999 (Cox Committee Report). (61) 62 Forbes, Michael, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction). Gibbons, Jim, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Goss, Porter, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, November 9, 1999 (Haiti). Graham, Bob, U.S. Senator, hearing before the full committee, No- vember 9, 1999 (Haiti). Hall, Tony, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, October 27, 1999 (North Korea). Hinchey, Maurice, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Knollenberg, Joe, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, October 13, 1999 (North Korea). Kucinich, Dennis, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Levin, Sander M., Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). Maloney, Carolyn, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 3, 2000 (Discrimination Against Women). Morella, Constance, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 3, 2000 (Discrimination Against Women). Pitts, Joseph, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Rangel, Charles, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, November 9, 1999 (Haiti). Sanders, Bernard, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Saxton, Jim, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Sherwood, Don, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Thomas, Craig, U.S. Senator, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Waters, Maxine, Member of Congress, hearing before the SubAF, April 13, 1999 (Debt Relief for Africa). Weldon, Curt, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo). Woolsey, Lynn, Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, May 3, 2000 (Discrimination Against Women). B. Executive Branch Witnesses Aaron, David, Under Secretary for International Trade, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 9, 1999 (ITA and TDA); hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Europe). Albright, Madeline K., Secretary, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, February 25, 1999 (Int’l Affairs Budget Request); hearing before the full committee, April 21, 1999 (Kosovo); hearing before the full committee, February 16, 2000 (International Affairs Budget Request); hearing before the full committee, September 27, 2000 (Russia). 63 Alves, Theodore, Director, Assistant Inspector General for Audits, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, October 21, 1999 (Y2K). Anderson, J. Brady, Administrator, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, March 15, 2000 (Foreign Assistance Budget Re- quest). Aranza, Ferdinand, Director, Office of Insular Affairs, U.S. Depart- ment of the Interior, hearing before the SubAP, June 28, 2000 (Micronesia). Atwood, J. Brian, Administrator, U.S. Agency for International De- velopment, hearing before the Full Committee, March 3, 1999 (Budget request). Barshefsky, Charlene, USTR, closed briefing for Committee members, April 20, 1999 (China WTO); hearing before the SubIEPT, September 19, 2000 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Bass, Peter, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy, Sanctions and Commodities, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, De- partment of State, hearing before the Full committee, February 10, 2000 (OPEC and the Northeast Energy Crisis). Bastian, Walter, Director, Office of Latin America and the Carib- bean, International Trade Commission, U.S. Dept. of Com- merce, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Tai- wan). Beers, R. Rand, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Nar- cotic and Law Enforcement Affairs, Department of State, hearing before the SubWH, March 3, 1999 (W. Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act); hearing before the SubWH, September 21, 2000 (Plan Colombia). Bellamy, Carol, Executive Director, UNICEF, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Bertini, Catherine, Executive Director, World Food Programme; Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General to the Horn of Africa, hearing before the full committee, May 18, 2000 (Ethiopia Famine). Blair, Adm. Dennis, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Command, hearing before the SubAP, March 8, 2000 (Security Concerns in Asia). Boucher, Richard, Coordinator for APEC, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, August 3, 1999 (Trade with Asia). Boyce, Ralph L. ‘‘Skip’’, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubAP, June 16, 1999 (Malaysia). Bradford, Barbara, Deputy Director, U.S. TDA, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 21, 2000 (International Trade and the Environ- ment). Breznay, Tim, National Security Division, FBI, hearing before the full committee, May 11, 2000 (State Department Security). Brock, John L., Director, Government and Defense Information Systems, GAO, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 29, 1999 (Y2K, Customs); hearing before the full committee, June 22, 2000 (State Department Oversight). 64 Browning, Douglas, Assistant Commissioner, International Affairs, U.S. Customs Service, hearing before the SubIEPT, September 22, 1999 (Trade in the Americas). Bruno, David, Evaluator in Charge, GAO, hearing before the full committee, July 19, 2000 (Crime and Corruption in Bosnia). Buck, Craig, Mission Director for Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, Sep- tember 15, 1999 (Balkans). Burbano, Fernando, Chief Information Officer, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, June 22, 2000 (State Department Oversight). Burk, Susan, Acting Office Director for the Office of Regional Af- fairs, Bureau of Nonproliferation, U.S. Dept. of State, closed, classified briefing before the Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade and Asia and the Pacific, May 19, 1999 (India and Pakistan). Butcher, Dr. Arona, Chief of Country and Regional Analysis Divi- sion, Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commis- sion, hearing before the SubAP, October 20, 1999 (Security in South Asia). Callear, Mildrid O., Vice President and Treasurer, Department of Financial Management and Statutory Review, OPIC, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 21, 2000 (International Trade and the Environment). Campbell, Dr. Kurt, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Asia and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Dept. of Defense, hearing before the SubAP, April 14, 1999 (Taiwan); hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan).. Carpenter, David G., Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Security, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 12, 1999 (Security of U.S. Missions Abroad); hearing before the full committee, May 11, 2000 (State Department Security); hearing before the full committee, May 17, 2000 (Embassy Se- curity). Cohen, Bonnie, Under Secretary for Management, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 1999, (Foreign Relations Auth. Act FY00–01). Cooper, Bo, Acting General Counsel, U.S. Immigration and Natu- ralization Service, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Crowe, Adm. William J., Jr., Chairman, Accountability Review Board, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 12, 1999 (Security of U.S. Missions Abroad). Deming, Rust, Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pa- cific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAP, March 8, 2000 (Security Concerns in Asia). Derryck, Vivian Lowery, Assistant Administrator for Africa, U.S. AID, hearing before the SubAF, April 29, 1999 (Democracy in Africa); hearing before the SubAF, September 27, 2000 (HIV in Africa). Destatte, Robert, Chief Analyst, POW/Missing Personnel Office, U.S. Dept. of Defense, hearing before the full committee, No- vember 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). 65 Dickinson, Q. Todd, Acting Assistant Secretary, Acting Commis- sioner of Patents and Trademarks, U.S. Department of Com- merce, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellec- tual Property Rights); hearing before the SubIEPT, July 19, 2000 (Internet Piracy). Dlouhy, David, Special Advisor, Bosnia Implementation, U.S. De- partment of State, hearing before the full committee, Sep- tember 15, 1999 (Balkans). Dunn, Michael V., Under Secretary for Marketing and Regulatory Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 26, 1999 (Trade Policies and Agricultural Disease). Eastham, Alan W., Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of South Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, July 12, 2000 (Global Terrorism). Eddleman, Linda, Deputy Assistant Security, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubWH, July 26, 2000 (Brazil). Edwards, Bert, Chief Financial Officer, U.S. Dept. of State, classified briefing, October 27, 2000 (U.N. Peacekeeping). Einhorn, Robert J., Assistant Secretary for Nonproliferation, U.S. Department of State, closed, classified briefing, July 25, 2000 (China Proliferation). Eizenstat, Stuart, Under Secretary for Economic, Business and Ag- ricultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Eu- rope). Fauver, Robert, Indo-Pak Coordinator, U.S. Dept. of State, closed, classified briefing before the Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade and Asia and the Pacific, May 19, 1999 (India and Pakistan). Fisher, Amb. Richard W., Deputy USTR, hearing before the full committee, August 3, 1999 (Trade with Asia); hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellectual Property Rights). Ford, Jess T., Associate Director, National Security and Inter- national Affairs Division, U.S. General Accounting Office, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction); hearing before the full committee, September 19, 2000 (Haiti Police Reform). Frame, Nancy, Deputy Director, Trade and Development Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 9, 1999 (ITA and TDA). Frankle, Edward A., General Counsel, NASA, hearing before the full committee, October 12, 2000 (Iran Nonproliferation Act). Geisler, Daniel F., President, American Foreign Service Associa- tion, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 12, 1999 (Security of U.S. Missions Abroad). Geithner, Timothy F., Under Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of the Treasury, hearing before the SubAP, February 16, 2000 (Indonesia). Gershman, Carl, President, National Endowment for Democracy, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 4, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). 66 Gershwin, Lawrence K., National Intelligence Officer for Science and Technology, CIA, hearing before the full committee, Octo- ber 21, 1999 (Y2K). Gerson, Leslie, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Goldwyn, David L., Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, hearing before the Full committee, February 10, 2000 (OPEC and the Northeast Energy Crisis). Gordon, David F., Ph.D., National Intelligence Officer of Economics and Global Issues, National Intelligence Council, hearing before the full committee, June 29, 2000 (Infectious Diseases). Grossman, Amb. Marc, Director General of the Foreign Service, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 14, 2000 (Armenian Genocide Resolution). Gutierrez, Amb. Lino, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bu- reau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubWH, June 14, 2000 (Challenges to Hem- ispheric Democracy). Hall, S.W., Jr., Assistant Commissioner and Chief Administration Officer, U.S. Customs Service, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 29, 1999 (Y2K, Customs). Hamilton, Daniel, Special Coordinator for Southeast Europe Sta- bility Pact Implementation, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, March 9, 2000 (U.S. Assistance in Southeast Europe). Hamre, John J., Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Defense, classified briefing, July 13, 1999 (SAFE Act). Hauser, Timothy J., Deputy Under Secretary for International Trade, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, September 19, 2000 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Hawes, W. Michael, Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Flight Development, NASA, hearing before the full committee, October 12, 2000 (Iran Nonproliferation Act). Heymann, David L., M.D., Executive Director, Communicable Dis- eases, World Health Organization, hearing before the full committtee, June 29, 2000 (Infectious Diseases). Hinton, Henry L., Jr., Assistant Comptroller General for National Security and International Affairs, briefing on U.N. Peace- keeping Issues, October 4, 2000. Hogland, Richard, Assistant Commissioner for Investigations, U.S. Customs Service, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA). Holbrooke, Richard, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, hearing before the SubAF, February 15, 2000 (Congo). Holum, John D., Senior Advisor for Arms Control and International Security, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, March 28, 2000 (Munitions List Export License Issues); closed, classified briefing, July 25, 2000 (China Pro- liferation). Horan, Sheila, Deputy Assistant Director on Counter Intelligence, FBI, hearing before the SubIEPT, Sept. 13, 2000 (Corporate and Industrial Espionage). 67 Hughes, Virginia C., Assistant Director, GAO, hearing before the full committee, September 19, 2000 (Haiti Police Reform). Humphrey, Calvin, Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, hearing before the SubAF, March 16, 2000 (Africa’s Energy Potential). Inderfurth, Karl F., Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAP, March 3, 1999 (South Asia); closed, classified briefing before the Sub- committees on International Economic Policy and Trade and Asia and the Pacific, May 19, 1999 (India and Pakistan); hearing before the SubAP, October 20, 1999 (Security in South Asia). Indyk, Martin S., Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, closed briefing, May 27, 1999 (Middle East); hearing before the full committee, June 8, 1999 (Middle East); hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Ingram, George, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Eu- rope and the Newly Independent States, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). Jeter, Howard, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Af- fairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAF, Au- gust 3, 1999 (Nigeria); hearing before the SubAF, May 9, 2000 (Diamonds). Johnson, Harold, Associate Director, International Relations and Trade, GAO, hearing before the full committee, July 19, 2000 (Crime and Corruption in Bosnia). Jones, A. Elizabeth, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, March 23, 2000 (Iraq). Jones, Gary L., Associate Director for Energy, Resources and Science Issues, Community and Economic Development Divi- sion, General Accounting Office, hearing before the full committee, October 27, 1999 (North Korea). Jones, Robert L., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Prisoner of War and Missing Personnel Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, November 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). Kachura, Boris, Assistant Director, National Security and Inter- national Affairs, General Accounting Office, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduc- tion). Kazemzadeh, Dr. Firuz, Vice Chairman, U.S. Commission on Inter- national Religious Freedom, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Report on International Religious Free- dom). Kaufman, Edward E., Member, Board of Broadcasting Governors, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 4, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). Keiswetter, Allen, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubAF, Sept. 13, 2000 (Western Sahara). Kelly, Raymond, Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, U.S. Dept. of Treasury, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (In- tellectual Property Rights). 68 Kemble, Penn, Acting Director, U.S.I.A., hearing before the SubIOHR, March 4, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). Kennedy, Patrick, Assistant Secretary for Administration, U.S. De- partment of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 1999, (Foreign Relations Auth. Act FY00–01); hearing before the full committee, May 17, 2000 (Embassy Security). Koh, Harold Hongju, Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, January 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China); hearing before the SubIOHR, February 26, 1999 (Country Reports on Human Rights); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 14, 1999 (Trafficking of Women and Children); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999(East Timor); hearing before the SubIOHR, March 8, 2000 (Country Reports). Koontz, Linda D., Associate Director, Accounting and Information Management Division, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, October 21, 1999 (Y2K). Kramer, Franklin D., Assistant Secretary for International Secu- rity Affairs, U.S. Dept. of Defense, hearing before the SubAP, March 8, 2000 (Security Concerns in Asia). Lee, Ron, Assistant Attorney General, National Security, Depart- ment of Justice, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Leonard, Carl, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, U.S. AID, hearing before the SubWH, June 28, 2000 (Latin America); hearing before the SubWH, Sep- tember 21, 2000 (Plan Colombia). Leonard, Amb. John P., Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central America, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State, hearing before the SubWH, February 24, 1999 (Cen- tral America Relief Efforts). Limon, Lavinia, Director, Office of Refugee Resettlement, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Loar, Theresa, Director, President’s Interagency Council on Women, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sep- tember 14, 1999 (Trafficking of Women and Children); hearing before the full committee, May 3, 2000 (Discrimination Against Women). Ludolph, Charles, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Europe, Inter- national Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, September 29, 1999 (Trans- atlantic Trade Agenda). Majak, Roger, Assistant Secretary for Export Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, closed, classified briefing before the Subcommittees on International Economic Policy and Trade and Asia and the Pacific, May 19, 1999 (India and Pakistan); hearing before the SubIEPT, April 4, 2000 (Future of EAA). Marshall, Donny, Deputy Administrator, Drug Enforcement Agen- cy, hearing before the SubWH, March 3, 1999 (W. Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act). 69 Maybury, Dr. Mark, Executive Director, Information Technology Division, Mitre Corporation, hearing before the full committee, June 22, 2000 (State Department Oversight). McNamara, Barbara, Deputy Director, National Security Agency, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). McPhee, John, Director, Office of Computers and Business Equip- ment/Trade Development, International Trade Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 29, 1999 (Y2K, Customs). Montoya, Pat, Commissioner for Children, Youth, and Families, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Mulloy, Pat, Assistant Secretary for Market Access and Compli- ance, U.S. Department of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 22, 1999 (U.S. Trade Deficit). Munoz, George, President, OPIC, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 14, 1999 (OPIC Reauthorization); hearing before the SubIEPT, May 16, 2000 (Business in Latin America). Napper, Amb. Larry C., Coordinator for East European Assistance, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans); hearing before the full committee, Sep- tember 15, 1999 (Balkans); hearing before the full committee, March 9, 2000 (U.S. Assistance in Southeast Europe). Nelson, Benjamin, Director, International and Trade Issues, Gen- eral Accounting Office, hearing before the full committee, Octo- ber 27, 1999 (North Korea). Neumann, Amb. Ronald E., Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAF, July 22, 1999 (Libya). Nygard, Richard C., Chief Information Officer, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, October 21, 1999 (Y2K). O’Keefe, John, Special Representative for the Year 2000, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, October 21, 1999 (Y2K). Papovich, Joseph, Assistant USTR for Services, Investment, and Intellectual Property, U.S. Department of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 19, 2000 (Internet Piracy). Pardew, Amb. James, Principal Deputy Special Advisor to the President, and Deputy Secretary for Kosovo and Dayton Ac- cords Implementation, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans); hearing before the full committee, March 9, 2000 (U.S. Assistance in Southeast Europe); hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo); hearing before the full committee, July 19, 2000 (Crime and Corruption in Bosnia). Parmer, Hugh Q., Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Humani- tarian Response, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, May 18, 2000 (Ethiopia Famine). Passage, Amb. David, Former Andean Desk Officer, U.S. Depart- ment of State, hearing before the SubWH, June 16, 1999 (De- mocracy in the Western Hemisphere). Perry, William, North Korea Policy Advisor, U.S. Dept. of State, closed classified members briefing, June 9, 1999 (N. Korea); 70 hearing before the full committee, October 13, 1999 (North Korea). Pickering, Thomas R., Under Secretary for Political Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, Feb- ruary 10, 1999 (Kosovo); hearing before the full committee, May 13, 1999 (Kosovo); hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Sept. 9, 1999 (Indonesia and East Timor). Powell, Nancy, Acting Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Afri- can Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubAF, June 13, 2000 (Zimbabwe). Pressley, Donald, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Europe and Eurasia, U.S. AID, hearing before the SubAP and SubIOHR, April 12, 2000 (Democracy in Central Asian Republics). Randolph, Robert C., Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Asia and the Near East, U.S. AID, hearing before the SubAP, May 12, 1999 (Indonesia). Ranneberger, Michael, Director, Office of Cuban Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (Cuba). Ray, Judson, Special Agent, Unite Chief, International Training and Assistance, FBI, hearing before the SubAF, October 14, 1999 (South Africa Relations). Reinsch, William, Under Secretary, Bureau of Export Administra- tion, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA); hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption); briefing before the SubIEPT, March 1, 2000 (Export Controls and Supercomputers). Renberg, Dan, Member of the Board, Ex-Im Bank, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 21, 2000 (International Trade and the En- vironment). Rice, Susan, Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, U.S. Depart- ment of State, hearing before the SubAF, February 11, 1999 (H.R. 434, African Growth and Opportunity Act); hearing before the SubAF, March 23, 1999 (Sierra Leone); hearing before the SubAF, May 25, 1999, (Ethiopia/Eritrea); hearing before the SubAF, October 14, 1999 (South Africa Relations). Richardson, Bill, Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy, hearing before the full Committee, March 1, 2000, (OPEC); hearing before the full committee, June 27, 2000 (OPEC’s Policies). Ries, Charles, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bu- reau for European Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, October 18, 2000 (Developments in Western Europe). Romanowski, Alina, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of Defense, hearing before the full committee, March 23, 2000 (Iraq). Romero, Peter, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubWH, September 29, 1999 (Western Hemisphere Up- date); hearing before the full committee, November 9, 1999 (Haiti); hearing before the full committee, April 5, 2000 (Haiti). 71 Rossman, Richard, Chief of Staff, Criminal Division, U.S. Dept. of Justice, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction). Roth, Stanley, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Af- fairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAP, February 10, 1999 (Asia Policy); hearing before the SubIEPT, April 21, 1999 (China); hearing before the SubAP, May 12, 1999 (Indonesia); hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, February 10, 2000 (East Timor); hearing before the SubAP, February 16, 2000 (Indonesia); hearing before the SubIEPT, September 19, 2000 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Roy, Stapleton, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Intelligence and Re- search, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, May 11, 2000 (State Department Security). Ryan, Mary, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction); hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Samuel, E. Bryan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Trade Policy, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubIEPT, September 29, 1999 (Transatlantic Trade Agenda); hearing before the SubIEPT, May 16, 2000 (Business in Latin America). Rychak, Wayne, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Diplomatic Secu- rity, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, June 22, 2000 (State Department Oversight). Schneider, Mark L., Assistant Administrator, Latin America, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before the SubWH, February 24, 1999 (Central America Relief Efforts). Satcher, David, M.D., Surgeon General, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, hearing before the full committtee, June 29, 2000 (Infectious Diseases). Scheffer, David, Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, U.S. Department of State, full committee hearing, July 26, 2000 (International Criminal Court). Schuerch, William E., Deputy Assistant Security for International Development, Debt and Environmental Policy, U.S. Dept. of Treasury, hearing before the SubAF, April 13, 1999 (Debt Re- lief for Africa); hearing before the SubWH, June 28, 2000 (Latin America). Seiple, Robert, Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (Report on International Religious Freedom); hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Religious Minorities in Western Europe); hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Report on International Religious Freedom). Sestanovich, Steven R., Ambassador-at-Large, Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary for the Newly Independent States (S/ NIS), U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAP, March 17, 1999 (Central Asian Republics); hearing before the full Committee, May 12, 1999 (Russia). 72 Shafer, James, Assistant Director, International Relations and Trade, GAO, hearing before the full committee, July 19, 2000 (Crime and Corruption in Bosnia). Sheehan, Michael A., Ambassador-at-Large, Coordinator for Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, July 12, 2000 (Global Terrorism). Sheridan, Brian, Assistant Secretary, Special Operations and Low- Intensity Conflict, U.S. Department of Defense, hearing before the SubWH, September 21, 2000 (Plan Colombia). Sherman, Wendy, Counselor, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, October 13, 1999 (North Korea); hearing before the full committee, March 16, 2000 (N. Korea). Shirk, Susan L., Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, January 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China); hearing before the SubAP, April 14, 1999 (Taiwan); hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Slocombe, Walter B., Under Secretary of Policy, U.S. Department of Defense, hearing before the full committee, February 10, 1999 (Kosovo); full committee hearing, July 26, 2000 (Inter- national Criminal Court). Smith, Fred, Special Assistant to the Undersecretary for Asia-Pa- cific Issues, U.S. Dept. of Defense, hearing before the SubAP, June 28, 2000 (Micronesia). Stayman, Allen, Special Negotiator for Compact of Free Associa- tion, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubAP, June 28, 2000 (Micronesia). Swigert, James, Deputy Special Advisor, Deputy Assistant Sec- retary, Bureau of European Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Taft, Julia V., Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01); hearing before the full committee, March 11, 1999 (Tibet); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999(East Timor); hearing before the full committee, April 6, 2000 (China/Tibet). Talbott, Strobe, Deputy Secretary, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, October 19, 1999 (Russia). Tapia-Videla, Juan F., Evaluator-in-Charge, U.S. GAO, hearing before the full committee, September 19, 2000 (Haiti Police Re- form). Taylor, Bill, Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to the Newly Inde- pendent States, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). Tischler, Bonni, Assistant Commissioner for Investigations, U.S. Customs Service, hearing before the SubWH, March 3, 1999 (W. Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act). Turner, Barbara, Senior Deputy Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Global Programs, U.S. AID, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Umberg, Tom, Deputy Director, Office of Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, hearing before the SubWH, March 3, 1999 (W. Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act). 73 Ungar, Sanford, Director, Voice of America, hearing before the SubAF, September 27, 2000 (HIV in Africa). Van Dusen, Ann, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Pol- icy and Program Coordination, U.S. AID, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Vargo, Regina, Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Western Hemi- sphere, ITA, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 16, 2000 (Business in Latin America). Wayne, E. Anthony, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau for European and Canadian Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans). Welch, C. David, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Or- ganization Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel); hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pa- cific Affairs, February 10, 2000 (East Timor); hearing before the full committee, March 23, 2000 (Iraq). Westin, Susan S., Ph.D., Associate Director, International Rela- tions and Trade Division, U.S. GAO, hearing before the SubAP, June 28, 2000 (Micronesia). Whitaker, Rosa, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Africa, Of- fice of USTR, hearing before the SubAF, February 9, 1999 (Trade and Investment in Africa). Wilhelm, Gen. Charles, Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Southern Com- mand, hearing before the SubWH, February 24, 1999 (Central America Relief Efforts). Williams-Bridgers, Jacquelyn L., Inspector General, U.S. Dept. of State, hearing before the full committee, October 21, 1999 (Y2K); hearing before the full committee, May 11, 2000 (State Department Security); hearing before the full committee, May 17, 2000 (Embassy Security). Wolpe, Howard, Special Envoy for the Democratic Republic of Congo, U.S. Department of State, hearing before the SubAF, September 28, 1999 (Congo). C. Non-Governmental Witnesses Abeasi, Kwasi, Director-General, Private Enterprise Foundation, Ghana, hearing before the full committee, September 20, 2000 (Fight Against Corruption). Abram, Morris, Chairman, U.N. Watch, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Abrams, Elliott, Commissioner, The U.S. Commission on Inter- national Religious Freedom, hearing before the full committee, May 24, 2000 (First Annual Report). Abudureyim, Reyila, Daughter of Rebiya Kadeer, Uighur Muslim detainee in China, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). AbuZayd, Karen, Regional Representative, UNHCR, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). Ajang, Victoria, Sudanese Refugee, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). Ajo, Mark, Sudanese Church worker, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). 74 Aktan, Amb. Gunduz Suphi, Former Ambassador of the Republic of Turkey, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 14, 2000 (Arme- nian Genocide Resolution). Akwei, Adotei, Advocacy Director for Africa, Amnesty Inter- national, hearing before the SubAF, May 25, 1999, (Ethiopia/ Eritrea). Ami, Shlomo Ben, Acting Foreign Minister, Israel, briefing, October 11, 2000 (Situation in the Middle East). Aronson, Bernard W., President, ACON Investments, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (Cuba). Assad, Joseph, Middle East Research Director, Freedom House, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Report on International Religious Freedom). Aviv, Diana, Senior Associate and Executive Vice President, Coun- cil of Jewish Federations, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). Ayittey, Dr. George B.N., Department of Economics, The American University, hearing before the SubAF, April 13, 1999 (Debt Re- lief for Africa). Bandow, Doug, Senior Fellow, CATO Institute, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo). Barbosa, H.E. Rubens, Ambassador, Embassy of Brazil, hearing before the SubWH, July 26, 2000 (Brazil). Bell, Catherine, actress, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Religious Minorities in Western Eu- rope). Bellocchi, Nat, President, Bellocchi and Company, hearing before the SubAP, April 14, 1999 (Taiwan). Benge, Mike, former POW, hearing before the full committee, No- vember 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). Bergsten, Dr. C. Fred, Director, Institute for International Econom- ics, hearing before the full committee, August 3, 1999 (Trade with Asia). Bermudez, Joseph S., Jr., Senior Analyst, Jane’s Intelligence Re- view, hearing before the full committee, October 27, 1999 (North Korea). Bernal, H.E. Richard Leighton, Ambassador, Embassy of Jamaica, hearing before the SubWH, May 17, 2000 (Caribbean). Berry, Will, President, European-American Business Council, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Part- nership with Europe); hearing before the SubIEPT, September 29, 1999 (Transatlantic Trade Agenda). Bhattarai, Anita Sharma, Trafficking Survivor, Nepal, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 14, 1999 (Trafficking of Women and Children). Bierne, Maggie, Committee on Administration of Justice, Belfast, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Report). Bjornlund, Eric C., Director of Asia Programs, National Democratic Institute (NDI), hearing before the SubAP, February 16, 2000 (Indonesia). 75 Black, Ed, President and CEO, Computer & Communications In- dustry Association, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Blecker, Dr. Robert A., Professor of Economy, American University, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 22, 1999 (U.S. Trade Def- icit). Bolton, John, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel); hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues); hearing before the full committee, July 25, 2000 (Inter- national Criminal Court); hearing before the SubIOHR, Sep- tember 20, 2000 (United Nations Peacekeeping); hearing before the full committee, October 11, 2000 (U.N. Peacekeeping). Bomar, Col. Jack, USAF (Ret.), hearing before the full committee, November 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). Booker, Dr. Salih, Senior Fellow and Director of African Studies, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before the SubAF, March 23, 1999 (Sierra Leone). Borovoi, Konstantin, Deputy, Russian State Duma, Chairman, Eco- nomic Freedom Party, hearing before the full committee, Octo- ber 7, 1999 (Russia). Borthwick, Mark, U.S. Executive Director, Pacific Economic Cor- poration Council, hearing before the full committee, August 3, 1999 (Trade with Asia). Boyle, Frances, Episcopal missionary, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). Bradford, Colin, Ph.D., Professor of Economics and International Relations, the American University, hearing before the SubWH, June 28, 2000 (Latin America). Brauner, Harold, President, Brauner International Corporation, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 29, 1999 (Y2K, Customs). Brok, Elmar, M.E.P., Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, The European Parliament, hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues); hearing before the full committee, April 12, 2000 (Europe Issues). Brumley, Philip, General Counsel, Jehovah’s Witnesses, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Reli- gious Minorities in Western Europe). Bryan, Anthony T., Ph.D., Director and Senior Research Associate, Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, Caribbean Studies Pro- gram, University of Miami, hearing before the SubWH, May 17, 2000 (Caribbean). Bucknam, William, Vice President and General Counsel, Moving Water Industries, hearing before the SubAF, February 9, 1999 (Trade and Investment in Africa). Bugajski, Janusz, Director, East European Studies, CSIS, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans). Burr, Dr. Millard, Consultant, U.S. Committee for Refugees, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). Butler, Amb. Richard, Diplomat in Residence, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before the full committee, September 26, 2000 (U.N. Inspections of Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction). 76 Cannon, Martin, Member, Board of Directors, U.S.-Russia Business Council, hearing before the full committee, October 6, 1999 (Russia). Carragher, Mrs. Tony, N. Ireland, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland). Carter, Joanne, Legislative Director, RESULTS, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Caruso, Charles, International Patent Counsel, Merck & Company, Inc., hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellec- tual Property Rights). Cavanaugh, Cassandra, Researcher, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubAP and SubIOHR, April 12, 2000 (Democracy in Central Asian Republics). Charney, Joel R., Vice President, Refugees International, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 20, 2000 (United Nations Peacekeeping). Charney, Scott, Partner, Price Waterhouse Coopers, hearing before the SubIEPT, Sept. 13, 2000 (Corporate and Industrial Espio- nage). Cloyes, Shirley, Balkan Affairs Advisor, Albanian American Civic League, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo). Coan, Louisa, Senior Program Officer for Asia, National Endow- ment for Democracy, hearing before the full committee, Janu- ary 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China). Cohen, Dr. Ariel, Senior Policy Analyst in Russian and Eurasian Studies, Heritage Foundation, hearing before the SubAP, March 17, 1999 (Central Asian Republics). Cohen, Benjamin, Senior Staff Attorney, Center for Science in the Public Interest, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 26, 1999 (Trade Policies and Agricultural Disease). Cohen, Jose, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Chil- dren’s Rights in Cuba). Cordesman, Anthony H., Senior Fellow, CSIS; Co-Director, CSIS Middle East Program, hearing before the full committee, March 25, 1999 (Russia). Corea, Chick, Musician, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Religious Minorities in Western Europe). Costello, Charles, Director for Democracy Programs, Carter Center, hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, February 10, 2000 (East Timor). Costello, Robert, Chief Economist, American Trucking Association, hearing before the Full committee, February 10, 2000 (OPEC and the Northeast Energy Crisis). Cowan, Glenn, Senior Advisor, National Democratic Institute, hearing before the SubAP, May 12, 1999 (Indonesia). Crewe, Mary, Director of HIV-AIDs Unit, University of Pretoria, hearing before the SubAF, September 27, 2000 (HIV in Africa). Crocker, Chester, Professor, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, hearing before the SubAF, June 13, 2000 (Zimbabwe). 77 Curtin, Jane, Actress, Goodwill Ambassador, U.S. Committee for UNICEF, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Da Cuhna, Paulo, Senior Vice President and Senior Latin America Economist, Lehman Brothers Global Economics Group, hearing before the SubIEPT, February 25, 1999 (Brazil). Dana, Linda, Institutional Contractor in Kosovo, International Or- ganization for Migration, hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Daulaire, Dr. Nils, Director, National Council for International Health, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Davidson, Alan, Staff Counsel, Center for Democracy and Tech- nology, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Davis, Dr. Lynn E., Senior Fellow, RAND, hearing before the full committee, February 2, 2000 (Changing American Diplomacy). Dawson, Rhett, President, ITI, briefing before the SubIEPT, March 1, 2000 (Export Controls and Supercomputers). Day, Dr. Peter, Director, Center for Agricultural Molecular Biology, Cook College, Rutgers University, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 26, 1999 (Trade Policies and Agricultural Disease). Delinger, Nelson, Vice President, Government Programs, U.S. Wheat Association, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 23, 1999 (WTO Agricultural Agreement). De Michele, Roberto, Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, Ar- gentina, hearing before the full committee, September 20, 2000 (Fight Against Corruption). DesForges, Dr. Alison, Consultant, Human Rights Watch/Africa, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 8, 2000 (Country Reports). DioGuardi, Joseph, President, Albanian American Civic League, hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Dobriansky, Dr. Paula, Washington Director, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). Dole, Robert J., Former Senator, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo). Dominguez, Dr. Maria, Executive Director, St. Thomas University Human Rights Center, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Children’s Rights in Cuba). Douglass, John, President, Aerospace Industries Association, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 22, 2000 (Future of EAA). Durch, Dr. William J., Senior Associate, Henry L. Stimson Center, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 20, 2000 (United Na- tions Peacekeeping). Eagleberger, Lawrence S., Senior Foreign Policy Advisor, Baker, Donelson, Bearman, and Caldwell, hearing before the full committee, July 25, 2000 (International Criminal Court). Ebell, Myron, Director, Global Warming and International Environ- mental Policy, Competitive Enterprise Institute, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 21, 2000 (International Trade and the En- vironment). 78 Eberstadt, Dr. Nicholas, Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise In- stitute, hearing before the full committee, October 27, 1999 (North Korea). Emmerson, Dr. Donald K., Senior Fellow, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Sep- tember 9, 1999 (Indonesia and East Timor). Ermarth, Fritz, CIA, retired, hearing before the full committee, Oc- tober 6, 1999 (Russia). Evenett, Dr. Simon, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 22, 1999 (U.S. Trade Deficit). El-Kikhia, Dr. Mansour Omar, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Texas-San Antonio, hearing before the SubAF, July 22, 1999 (Libya). Farren, Michael, Corporate Vice President for External Affairs, Xerox Corporation, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Europe). Fauriol, Georges A., Ph.D., Director and Senior Fellow, Americas Program, CSIS, hearing before the SubWH, May 17, 2000 (Car- ibbean). Feulner, Dr. Edwin J., President, Heritage Foundation, hearing before the SubAP, February 10, 1999 (Asia Policy). Finucane, Michael, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Report). Fischer, Scott, Vice President, North American Trade Division, Citicorp, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 14, 1999 (OPIC Reauthorization). Foote, Melvin P., Executive Director, Constituency for Africa, hearing before the SubAF, May 25, 1999, (Ethiopia/Eritrea). Fowler, Jerry, Legislative Counsel, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, hearing before the SubIOHR, February 26, 1999 (Coun- try Reports on Human Rights). Freedenberg, Paul, Director of Government Relations, Association for Manufacturing Technology, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA); hearing before the SubIEPT, March 22, 2000 (Future of EAA). Freivalds, Susan, Hague Coordinator, Joint Council on Inter- national Children’s Services, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Friend, Dr. Theodore, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Cen- ter, hearing before the SubAP, February 16, 2000 (Indonesia). Fuentes, Ileana, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Chil- dren’s Rights in Cuba). Gadbaw, Michael, Chairman, U.S.-Indonesia Business Committee, U.S.-ASEAN Business Council, hearing before the SubAP, Feb- ruary 16, 2000 (Indonesia). Garcia, Andres F., Vice President, Cuban American Veterans Asso- ciation, hearing before the full committee, November 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). Garcia, Jorge, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Chil- dren’s Rights in Cuba). Garnett, Sherman W., Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, hearing before the full committee, March 25, 1999 (Russia). 79 Giddings, Val, Vice-President, Biotech Industry Organization, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 23, 1999 (WTO Agricultural Agreement). Giordano, Nicholas D., International Trade Counsel, National Pork Producers Council, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 23, 1999 (WTO Agricultural Agreement); hearing before the SubIEPT, April 21, 1999 (China); hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). Goble, Dr. Paul, Director of Communications, Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty, hearing before the SubAP and SubIOHR, April 12, 2000 (Democracy in Central Asian Republics). Gold, Dr. Alan, President, Safe Shots for Tots, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Gong, Dr. Gerrit W., Freeman Chair and Director of Asian Studies, CSIS, hearing before the SubAP, April 14, 1999 (Taiwan). Goldman, Dr. Marshall, Associate Director, Davis Center for Rus- sian Studies, Harvard University, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). Gooch, Charmian, Director, Global Witness, hearing before the SubAF, May 9, 2000 (Diamonds). Gowan, Halya, Amnesty International, London, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland). Gunn, T. Jeremy, J.D., Ph.D., Guest Scholar, U.S. Institute of Peace, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treat- ment of Religious Minorities in Western Europe). Gusmao, Xanana, President, National Council of Timorese Resist- ance, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999 (East Timor). Gyari, Lodi, Special Envoy of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, hearing before the full committee, March 11, 1999 (Tibet); hearing before the full committee, April 6, 2000 (China/Tibet). Haar, Jerry, Director, Inter-American Business and Labor Pro- gram, Dante B. Fascell North-South Center, University of Miami, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Tai- wan). Haas, Dr. Richard, Director of Foreign Policy, Brookings Institu- tion, hearing before the SubAP, March 3, 1999 (South Asia). Hakim, Peter, President, Inter-American Dialogue, hearing before the SubWH, March 15, 2000 (U.S. and Latin America). Hall, Julia, Human Rights Watch, New York, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Report). Hamill, Diane, Northern Ireland, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland). Hammond, Donald, Senior Vice President, World Relief, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Author- ization Act FY00–01). Hardy, John, Vice President of Project Finance, Enron Inter- national, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 14, 1999 (OPIC Reauthorization). Harrision, Selig S., Senior Scholar, Woodrow Wilson Institute Fel- low, The Century Foundation, hearing before the SubAP, Octo- ber 20, 1999 (Security in South Asia). 80 Haugen, Gary A., President and Chief Executive Officer, Inter- national Justice Mission, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sep- tember 14, 1999 (Trafficking of Women and Children). Heimann, Chairman, Transparency International USA, hearing before the full committee, September 20, 2000 (Fight Against Corruption). Hein, Gordon, Vice President for Programs, Asia Foundation, hearing before the SubAP, May 12, 1999 (Indonesia). Henderson, Keith, Co-Director, Trans-National Crime and Corrup- tion Center, American University, hearing before the full committee, October 7, 1999 (Russia). Her, Rev. Pha, Secretary, Lao Evangelical Church, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Report on International Religious Freedom). Hoenlein, Executive Vice Chairman, Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Horowitz, Prof. Irving L., Former Distinguished Professor, Rutgers, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (Cuba). Hoxhaj, Ali, torture survivor, Kosovo, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Hoydysh, Daniel A., Director, UNISYS, briefing before the SubIEPT, March 1, 2000 (Export Controls and Supercom- puters); hearing before the SubIEPT, March 22, 2000 (Future of EAA). Huber, John J., Vice President and Chief Counsel, Petroleum Mar- keters Association of America, hearing before the Full committee, February 10, 2000 (OPEC and the Northeast Energy Crisis). Hunt, Pastor Robert A., English Speaking United Methodist Church, Vienna, Austria, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Religious Minorities in Western Europe). Hunter, Amb. Robert, Rand Corporation, hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues). Jacobs, Dr. Charles, President, American Anti-Slavery Group, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). Jendrzejczyk, Mike, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch Asia/ DC Office, hearing before the full committee, January 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China); hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). Jenista, Dr. Jerri Ann, American Academy of Pediatrics, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adop- tion). Jenson, Craig, Chairman and CEO, Executive Software, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Reli- gious Minorities in Western Europe). Jett, Dr. Dennis, Dean of the International Center, University of Florida, hearing before the full committee, October 11, 2000 (U.N. Peacekeeping). Jingsheng, Wei, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China, hearing before full committee, January 8, 1999 (China); hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). 81 Jocquot, Richard, Director for West Africa, International Rescue Committee, hearing before the SubAF, March 23, 1999 (Sierra Leone). Joffe, Paul, Associate Director for Advocacy, National Wildlife Fed- eration, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 21, 2000 (Inter- national Trade and the Environment). Johnson, Douglas A., Executive Director, Center for Victims of Tor- ture, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Vic- tims). Johnson, Joel, Vice President, International Division, Aerospace In- dustries Association, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA). Johnson, Lionel, Vice President for Government Affairs, Citigroup, hearing before the SubAF, February 9, 1999 (Trade and Invest- ment in Africa). Johnson, Tom, Parent of Abducted Child, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction). Jones, Sidney, Executive Director, Asia Division, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubAP, May 12, 1999 (Indonesia); hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, September 9, 1999 (Indonesia and East Timor). Joulwan, Gen. George A., Former Supreme Allied Commander in Europe, hearing before the full committee, July 29, 1999 (Counter-Drug Interests in Panama). Kaden, Lewis, Chairman, Overseas Advisory Panel, hearing before the full committee, February 2, 2000 (Changing American Di- plomacy). Kadirhaji, Abdughuphur, Uighur Muslim from Urumqi city in China, hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (Inter- national Religious Freedom Report). Kapp, Robert A., President, U.S.-China Business Council, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 21, 1999 (China). Katz, Michael, President, Cenogenics Corporation, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 9, 1999 (ITA and TDA). Kavaruganda, Guillaume, Son of the former Chief Justice of Rwan- da, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 20, 2000 (United Nations Peacekeeping). Kay, Ken, Executive Director, Computer Coalition for Responsible Exports, briefing before the SubIEPT, March 1, 2000 (Export Controls and Supercomputers). Keller, Dr. Edmond J., Director, James S. Coleman Center for Afri- can Studies, UCLA, hearing before the SubAF, May 25, 1999, (Ethiopia/Eritrea). Kempner, Dinah Po, Deputy General Counsel, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Kirkpatrick, Jeanne, Levy Professor of Government, Georgetown University; Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo). Kissinger, Dr. Henry A., President, Kissinger and Associates, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo). 82 Klitgaard, Robert, Dean, RAND Graduate School, hearing before the full committee, September 20, 2000 (Fight Against Corrup- tion). Kohen, Arnold S., Biographer of Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999 (East Timor). Knaus, Ken, Retired from CIA, hearing before the full committee, March 11, 1999 (Tibet). Konfino, David, Executive Vice President, International Division, Union Planters Bank, hearing before the SubIEPT, February 25, 1999 (Brazil). Kramer, David, Associate Director, Russian and Eurasian Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). Kristoff, Sandra J., Senior Vice President, New York Life, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 21, 1999 (China); hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). Krumholtz, Jack, Director of Federal Government Affairs and Asso- ciate General Counsel, Microsoft, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 19, 2000 (Internet Piracy). Kumar, T., Advocacy Director for Asia, Amnesty International, USA, hearing before the full committee, January 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China); hearing before the SubIOHR, Sep- tember 30, 1999 (East Timor). Lambert, Chuck, Chief Economist, National Cattlemen’s Beef Asso- ciation, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 23, 1999 (WTO Ag- ricultural Agreement). Lamptey, Peter, Senior Vice President, Family Health Inter- national, hearing before the SubAF, September 27, 2000 (HIV in Africa). Lampton, Dr. David M., Director, Chinese Studies, SAIS, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Lande, Philip, President, Manchester Trade, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Lauder, Ron, Chairman, Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Le, Rev. Nguyen Huu, Executive Director, Committee for Religious Freedom in Vietnam, hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (International Religious Freedom Report). Lederer, Dr. Laura J., Research Director and Project Manager, The Protection Project, Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 14, 1999 (Trafficking of Women and Children). Levy, Reynold, President and Chief Executive Officer, International Rescue Committee, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Authorization Act FY00–01). L’Heureux, Rev. N.J., Executive Director, Queens Federation of Churches, hearing before the full committee, June 14, 2000 (Treatment of Religious Minorities in Western Europe). Liederman, David, President and CEO, Council on Accreditation of Services for Families and Children, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). 83 Lilley, Amb. James, Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Insti- tute, hearing before the full committee, March 24, 1999 (North Korea). Lim, Dr. Linda, Director, Southeast Asia Business Program, Uni- versity of Michigan Business School, hearing before the SubAP, June 16, 1999 (Malaysia). Lindborg, Nancy, Executive Vice President, Mercy Corps Inter- national, hearing before the full committee, October 27, 1999 (North Korea). Loumiet, Carlos E., Chair of International Banking Practices, Greenberg Traurig, Attorney’s At Law, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 16, 2000 (Business in Latin America). Lubin, Nancy, President, JNA Associates, Inc., hearing before the SubAP, March 17, 1999 (Central Asian Republics). Luck, Edward C., Executive Director, Center for the Study of Inter- national Organizations, hearing before the full committee, Oc- tober 11, 2000 (U.N. Peacekeeping). MacCormack, Charles, President, Save the Children, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and In- fectious Diseases). MacIntyre, Dr. Andrew, Associate Dean, Graduate School of Inter- national Relations and Pacific Studies, UCSD, hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, February 10, 2000 (East Timor). Manby, Bronwen, Researcher, Africa Division, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubAF, August 3, 1999 (Nigeria). Marinkovich, Paul, Parent of an abducted child, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduc- tion). Markey, Mary Beth, Director of Government Relations, Inter- national Campaign for Tibet, hearing before the SubIOHR, De- cember 8, 1999 (China, the WTO, and Human Rights). Marrero, Louis, President, Spectra Colors Corp, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Marshall, Dr. Paul, Senior Fellow, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House, hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (International Religious Freedom Report). Marshall, Steve, Tibet Information Network, London, hearing before the full committee, March 11, 1999 (Tibet). Mas, Jorge, Jr., Vice-President, Cuban American National Founda- tion, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (U.S.-Cuba Relations). Massimino, Elisa, Director of the Washington, D.C. Office, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 8, 2000 (Country Reports). May, Michael A., Director, MERCOSUL—South America Project, CSIS, hearing before the SubWH, July 26, 2000 (Brazil). McCarthy, Dr. Justin, Professor of History, University of Louisville, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 14, 2000 (Armenian Geno- cide Resolution). McCoy, Jennifer L., PhD, Director, Latin America and Caribbean Program, The Carter Center, hearing before the SubWH, March 15, 2000 (U.S. and Latin America). 84 McCurdy, Dave, Former Member of Congress, President, Electronic Industries Association, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA); hearing before the SubIEPT, March 22, 2000 (Fu- ture of EAA). McFarland, Steven T., Executive Director, Commission for Inter- national Religious Freedom, hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). McFaul, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, hearing before the full committee, May 12, 1999 (Rus- sia). McGarry, John, Professor, University of Western Ontario, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ire- land). McGuigen, Austin J., Senior Partner, Rome, McGuigan and Sabanosh, hearing before the SubIEPT, Sept. 13, 2000 (Cor- porate and Industrial Espionage). McMahon, John, Board Member, Lockheed Khrunichev Energia, Inc., hearing before the full committee, March 25, 1999 (Rus- sia). McManus, Fr. Sean, President, Irish National Caucus, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland). McNamara, Thomas E., President, Americas Society, hearing before the full committee, July 29, 1999 (Counter-Drug Interests in Panama). Melson, Dr. Robert F., Professor of Political Science, Purdue Uni- versity, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 14, 2000 (Armenian Genocide Resolution). Merloe, Pat, Director of Programs on Elections and Political Proc- esses, NDI, hearing before the SubAF, June 13, 2000 (Zimbabwe). Merritt, Al, President, MD International, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 9, 1999 (ITA and TDA). Metzenbaum, Howard, former U.S. Senator, hearing before the full committee, June 27, 2000 (OPEC’s Policies). Meyer, Lady Catherine, Parent of Abducted Child, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Ab- duction). Miller, Amb. David C., Jr., President, ParEx, Inc., hearing before the SubAF, August 3, 1999 (Nigeria). Moloi, Nchakna, Special Advisor to the Minister for Minerals and Energy, The Republic of South Africa, hearing before the SubAF, May 9, 2000 (Diamonds). Monte, Salvatore, President, Kenrich Petrochemicals, Inc., hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellectual Property Rights). Morrison, J. Stephen, Ph.D., Director, African Studies Program, CSIS, hearing before the full committee, May 18, 2000 (Ethi- opia Famine). Moss, Ralph, Director, Government Affairs, Seaboard Corporation, hearing before the SubAF, February 9, 1999 (Trade and Invest- ment in Africa). Motley, Amb. Langhorne A., Member, Overseas Advisory Panel, hearing before the full committee, February 2, 2000 (Changing American Diplomacy). 85 Murphy, Bishop William F., Vicar General and Moderator of the Curia, Archdiocese of Boston, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (Cuba). Murray, Matthew, President, Sovereign Ventures, Inc., hearing before the full committee, October 7, 1999 (Russia). Murray, Rt. Reverend Monsignor Raymond, Chairman, Relatives for Justice, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland). Mustafa, Dr. Muhamet, President, Reinvest Institute for Develop- ment Research, hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Mwabilu, Njoye, President, Congolese International Union, Rutgers University, hearing before the SubAF, September 28, 1999 (Congo). Nairn, Allan, Journalist, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999 (East Timor). Nianchun, Liu, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China, hearing before full committee, January 8, 1999 (China). Njehu, Njoki, Coordinator, 50 Years is Enough Network, hearing before the SubAF, April 13, 1999 (Debt Relief for Africa). Nuhanovic, Hasan, Former Translator, U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Srebrenica, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 20, 2000 (United Nations Peacekeeping). O’Flaherty, J. Daniel, Executive Director, U.S.-South Africa Busi- ness Council, hearing before the SubAF, October 14, 1999 (South Africa Relations). Okawa, Dr. Judy, Director, Program for Survivors of Torture and Severe Trauma, Center for Multi-Cultural Human Services, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Oladeinde, Fred O., President, Foundation for Democracy in Africa, hearing before the SubAF, April 29, 1999 (Democracy in Afri- ca). Olcott, Dr. Martha, Professor, Department of Political Science, Colgate University, hearing before the SubAP and SubIOHR, April 12, 2000 (Democracy in Central Asian Republics). Olorunyomi, Ladi, torture survivor, Nigeria, hearing before the SubIOHR, June 29, 1999 (Torture Victims). Ottaway, Marina, Co-Director, Democracy and Rule of Law Project, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, hearing before the SubAF, April 29, 1999 (Democracy in Africa). Paal, Douglas, President, Asia-Pacific Policy Center, hearing before the SubAP, June 16, 1999 (Malaysia); hearing before the full committee, March 16, 2000 (N. Korea). Palmer, Richard, President, Cachet International, Inc., hearing before the full committee, October 7, 1999 (Russia). Patten, Rt. Honorable Chris Patten, Chairman, Independent Com- mission on Policing for Northen Ireland, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Report). Peijs, Karla, Vice Chairman, Delegation for Relations with the U.S., European Parliament, hearing before the full committee, April 12, 2000 (Europe Issues). Peres, Emelia, East Timorese human rights advocate, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999 (East Timor). 86 Pierson, Lloyd, Director, Africa Division, International Republican Institute, hearing before the SubAF, August 3, 1999 (Nigeria); hearing before the SubAF, June 13, 2000 (Zimbabwe). Pitkowsky, Sam, Adoptive Parents Committee of New York, hearing before the full committee, October 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Pollack, Dr. Jonathan, Senior Advisor for International Policy, RAND, hearing before the SubAP, February 10, 1999 (Asia Pol- icy). Posner, Michael, Executive Director, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, hearing before the full committee, January 20, 1999 (Human Rights in China); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Report). Purcell, Susan Kaufman, PhD., Vice President, Americas Society, hearing before the SubWH, March 15, 2000 (U.S. and Latin America). Qiang, Xiao, Executive Director, Human Rights in China, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Ramer, Bruce, President, American Jewish Committee, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Ramos-Horta, Jose, Vice President, National Council of Timorese Resistance, hearing before the SubIOHR, September 30, 1999 (East Timor). Read, Mel, M.E.P., Chairperson, Delegation for Relations with the U.S., European Parliament, hearing before the full committee, April 12, 2000 (Europe Issues). Reich, Otto, President, U.S.-Cuba Business Council, hearing before the SubWH, March 24, 1999 (Cuba). Reinert, Rick, President, REHA Enterprises, Inc., hearing before the SubIEPT, September 29, 1999 (Transatlantic Trade Agen- da). Reiss, Dr. Mitchell B., Director, Reves Center for International Studies, College of William and Mary, hearing before the full committee, March 16, 2000 (N. Korea). Rexhepi, Dr. Bajram, Mayor of Mitrovice, hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Rice, Edmund, President, Coalition for Employment through Ex- ports, hearing before the SubIEPT, June 9, 1999 (ITA and TDA). Rickard, Stephen, Director, Washington Office, Amnesty Inter- national USA, hearing before the SubIOHR, February 26, 1999 (Country Reports on Human Rights); hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (International Religious Freedom Report); hearing before the SubIOHR, December 8, 1999 (China, the WTO, and Human Rights). Roberts, John, President, National Association for the Specialty Food Trade, hearing before the SubIEPT, September 29, 1999 (Transatlantic Trade Agenda). Robeson, Bob, Vice President of Civil Aviation, Aerospace Indus- tries Association, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Europe). Rodman, Peter, Director of National Security Programs, The Nixon Center, hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues). 87 Rose, David, Director of Export/Import Administration, INTEL, briefing before the SubIEPT, March 1, 2000 (Export Controls and Supercomputers); hearing before the SubIEPT, March 22, 2000 (Future of EAA). Rosenblatt, Lionel, President, Refugees International, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 9, 1999 (Foreign Relations Author- ization Act FY00–01). Roth, Toby, Former Member of Congress, President, The Roth Group, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 3, 1999 (EAA). Rubinstein, Ira, Senior Corporate Attorney, Microsoft Corporation, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Sabatini, Dr. Christopher, Senior Program Officer, Latin America and the Caribbean, National Endowment for Democracy, hearing before the SubWH, June 16, 1999 (Democracy in the West- ern Hemisphere). Saborio, Sylvia, Senior Fellow, Overseas Development Council, hearing before the SubWH, June 28, 2000 (Latin America). Sacco, Kathleen, Adoptee, hearing before the full committee, Octo- ber 20, 1999 (Intercountry Adoption). Salesin, Jeremy, Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Lucas Arts Entertainment, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellectual Property Rights). Salinas, Carlos, Advocacy Director for Latin America, Amnesty International USA, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 8, 2000 (Country Reports). Sandler, Gilbert Lee, Partner, Sandler, Travis, Rosenberg, hearing before the SubIEPT, February 25, 1999 (Brazil). Saperstein, Rabbi David, Commissioner, The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, hearing before the full committee, May 24, 2000 (First Annual Report). Satter, David, Senior Fellow, The Hudson Institute, hearing before the full committee, October 7, 1999 (Russia). Schaffer, Amb. Teresita, Director for South Asia, CSIS, hearing before the SubAP, October 20, 1999 (Security in South Asia). Schoenberg, Director of U.N. Affairs, B’nai B’rith International, hearing before the full committee, July 14, 1999 (Israel). Scott, Robert E., Economist, Economic Policy Institute, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 22, 1999 (U.S. Trade Deficit). Scowcroft, Brent, President, The Scowcroft Group, hearing before the full committee, May 12, 1999 (Russia). Serfaty, Dr. Simon, Professor of U.S. Foreign Policy, Old Dominion University, hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues). Serwer, Dr. Dan, Director, Balkans Initiative, United States Insti- tute for Peace, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans). Shafer, Alex ‘‘Bo’’, Jr., Treasurer, Kiwanis International, hearing before the full committee, April 15, 1999 (Child Survival and Infectious Diseases). Shanfield, Daniel, Staff Attorney, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Children’s Rights in Cuba). 88 Shaye, Gary, Vice President, International Programs, Save the Children, USA, hearing before the full committee, May 18, 2000 (Ethiopia Famine). Shea, Nina, Director, Center for Religious Freedom, Freedom House, hearing before the SubIOHR, February 26, 1999 (Coun- try Reports on Human Rights); hearing before the SubIOHR, October 6, 1999 (International Religious Freedom Report); hearing before the SubIOHR, March 8, 2000 (Country Reports); Commissioner, The U.S. Commission on International Reli- gious Freedom, hearing before the full committee, May 24, 2000 (First Annual Report). Sheehan, Jim, Director of International Environmental Policy, Competitive Enterprise Institute, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 14, 1999 (OPIC Reauthorization). Shields, Acacia, Uzbekistan Researcher, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Report on International Religious Freedom). Shifter, Michael, Ph.D., Senior Fellow, Inter-American Dialogue, hearing before the SubWH, September 21, 2000 (Plan Colom- bia). Shuiliang, Xu, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China, hearing before the full committee, January 8, 1999 (China). Sinai, Dr. Joshua, Senior Security analyst, International Security Division, ANSER, hearing before the SubAF, July 22, 1999 (Libya). Smith, Ian Duncan, M.P., Shadow Secretary of State for Defense, House of Commons, London, hearing before the full committee, November 10, 1999 (European Issues). Smith, Jeff, General Counsel, Americans for Computer Privacy, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Smith, Mark, Executive Director, U.S.-Brazil Business Council, hearing before the SubIEPT, February 25, 1999 (Brazil); hearing before the SubWH, July 26, 2000 (Brazil). Smith, Roger W., Ph.D., Professor of Government, College of Wil- liam and Mary, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 14, 2000 (Armenian Genocide Resolution). Snyder, Scott, Representative of Asia Foundation/Korea, hearing before the full committee, March 16, 2000 (N. Korea). Sokolski, Henry D., Executive Director, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, hearing before the full committee, March 25, 1999 (Russia). Solarz, Stephen J., Former Member of Congress, hearing before the full committee, September 26, 2000 (U.N. Inspections of Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction). Solomon, Dr. Richard, President, U.S. Institute of Peace, hearing before the SubAP, February 10, 1999 (Asia Policy). Stark, Dr. Jeffrey, Director of Research and Studies, Dante B. Fas- cell North-South Center, University of Miami, hearing before the SubWH, June 16, 1999 (Democracy in the Western Hemi- sphere). Stavrakis, Dr. Peter J., Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Vermont, hearing before the full committee, June 9, 1999 (Russia). 89 Stern, Paula, President, The Stern Group, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Europe). Su, Rev. Daniel, Assistant to the President, China Outreach Min- istries, hearing before the full committee, May 10, 2000 (PNTR for China). Suber, Thomas, CEO, U.S. Export Dairy Council, hearing before the SubIEPT, March 23, 1999 (WTO Agricultural Agreement). Sumner, Lt. Gen. Gordon, U.S. Army (Ret.), hearing before the SubIEPT, October 13, 1999 (Intellectual Property Rights). Swartwood, Dan, Corporate Information Security Manager, Compaq Computer Corporation, hearing before the SubIEPT, Sept. 13, 2000 (Corporate and Industrial Espionage). Swartz, David, U.S. Foreign Service, Retired, hearing before the full committee, October 6, 1999 (Russia). Sweeney, John J., President, AFL-CIO, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Sylvester, Tom, Parent of an abducted child, hearing before the full committee, October 14, 1999 (International Child Abduction). Takeyh, Dr. Ray, Soref Research Fellow, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, hearing before the SubAF, July 22, 1999 (Libya). Thurman, Prof. Robert, Columbia University, hearing before the full committee, March 11, 1999 (Tibet). Timmerman, Kenneth, Investigative Reporter, hearing before the full committee, October 6, 1999 (Russia). Torres, Nery, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Chil- dren’s Rights in Cuba). Tsering, Bhuchung, Director, International Campaign for Tibet, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Tsvangirai, Morgan, President, Movement for Democratic Change, hearing before the SubAF, June 13, 2000 (Zimbabwe). Turbi, Omar, Libyan-American Human Rights Activist, hearing before the SubAF, July 22, 1999 (Libya). Tyrrell, Tom, Executive Vice-President and General Counsel, Sony Music Entertainment, hearing before the SubIEPT, July 19, 2000 (Internet Piracy). Valentino, F. William, President, New York State Energy Research Development Authority, hearing before the full committee, February 10, 2000 (OPEC and the Northeast Energy Crisis). Vivanco, Jose Miguel, Executive Director, Americas Division, Human Rights Watch, hearing before the SubWH, September 21, 2000 (Plan Colombia). Voegtlin, Gene, Legislative Counsel, International Association of Chiefs of Police, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). Vogel, Barbara, Founder, Slavery that Oppresses People, hearing before the SubAF, May 27, 1999 (Sudan). Vohden, Capt. Raymond, USN (Ret.), hearing before the full committee, November 4, 1999 (Cuban Program). Walker, Rev. Lucius Walker, Jr., Executive Director, Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization, hearing before the SubIOHR, April 13, 2000 (Children’s Rights in Cuba). 90 Wallach, Lori, President, Global Trade Watch, hearing before the SubIOHR, December 8, 1999 (China, the WTO, and Human Rights). Waller, J. Michael, PhD., Vice President, American Foreign Policy Council, hearing before the full committee, October 6, 1999 (Russia). Weber, Stephen, President, Maryland Farm Bureau, American Farm Bureau Federation, hearing before the full committee, June 15, 1999 (Economic Partnership with Europe). Wedel, Prof. Janine, Associate Research Professor, George Wash- ington University, hearing before the full committee, August 4, 1999 (Balkans). Weinbaum, Dr. Marvin, Professor Emeritas, Department of Polit- ical Science, University of Illinois—Champaign-Urbana, hearing before the SubAP, March 3, 1999 (South Asia). Weinberger, Caspar, Chairman, Forbes Magazine, hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Weintraub, Dr. Sidney, William E. Simon Chair in Political Eco- nomics, CSIS, hearing before the SubIEPT, February 25, 1999 (Brazil); hearing before the SubWH, March 15, 2000 (U.S. and Latin America). Weiss, David, Vice President of Product Marketing, CITRIX Cor- poration, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 18, 1999 (Encryption). West, J. Robinson, Chairman, The Petroleum Finance Company, hearing before the SubAF, March 16, 2000 (Africa’s Energy Po- tential). Westendorp Y Cabeza, Carlos, Chairman, Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, European Parliament, hearing before the full committee, April 12, 2000 (Europe Issues). Wheeling, Craig, President and CEO, Brooks Tropicals, hearing before the SubIEPT, October 26, 1999 (Trade Policies and Agri- cultural Disease). Winter, Jane, British-Irish Rights Watch, London, hearing before the full committee, April 22, 1999 (Policing in N. Ireland); hearing before the SubIOHR, September 24, 1999 (Patten Re- port). Wolfowitz, Dr. Paul, Dean, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before the full committee, March 24, 1999 (North Korea); hearing before the SubAP and the Senate Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, September 9, 1999 (Indonesia and East Timor). Woolsey, R. James, Partner, Shea & Gardner, hearing before the full committee, March 25, 1999 (Russia); hearing before the SubAP, September 15, 1999 (Taiwan). Workman, Willard A., Vice President, International Division, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, hearing before the SubIEPT, April 14, 1999 (OPIC Reauthorization). Zavala, Daniel, Senior Vice President, debt Advisory International, hearing before the SubAF, April 13, 1999 (Debt Relief for Afri- ca). 91 Wowkanech, Charles, President, New Jersey State AFL-CIO, hearing before the SubIOHR, December 8, 1999 (China, the WTO, and Human Rights). Wu, Harry Hongda, Executive Director, Laogai Research Founda- tion, hearing before the SubIOHR, December 8, 1999 (China, the WTO, and Human Rights); hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Yi, Song Yong, Librarian and Researcher, Dickinson College, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Zamora, Roberto, President, Latin American Financial Services, hearing before the SubIEPT, May 16, 2000 (Business in Latin America). Zartman, Dr. William, Director of African Studies and Conflict Management, SAIS, John Hopkins University, hearing before the SubAF, September 28, 1999 (Congo). Zhao, Tracy, Falun Gong practitioner, hearing before the SubIOHR, March 2, 2000 (Tibet). Zhenxian, Yao, Former Prisoner of Conscience, People’s Republic of China, hearing before full committee, January 8, 1999 (China). Zherka, Ilir, Executive Director, Albanian American Council, hearing before the full committee, March 10, 1999 (Kosovo); hearing before the full committee, April 11, 2000 (Kosovo). Zou, Dr. Jimmy, Falun Gong practitioner and former detainee in China, hearing before the SubIOHR, Sept. 7, 2000 (Annual Re- port on International Religious Freedom).

APPENDIX II

COMMITTEE ORIGINS AND HISTORY The Committee on Foreign Affairs traces its origins to November 29, 1775. It was on that date that the Continental Congress by resolution created a committee ‘‘for the sole purposes of corresponding with our friends in Great Britain, Ireland, and other parts of the world.’’ The members chosen for this committee were Benjamin Franklin—who served as chairman and guiding spirit—Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Johnson, Jr., John Dickinson, and John Jay. Known at first as the Committee of Correspondence, the committee itself soon changed its name to the Committee of Secret Cor- respondence. That committee was the first institution created to represent the United States in the foreign affairs field. The Committee on Inter- national Relations (as well as the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee) is a lineal descendant of the Committee of Correspondence. Franklin’s committee quickly entered into communication with various persons in Europe for the purpose of ascertaining senti- ment there toward the Colonies and obtaining any other information which might be useful in the struggle with England. It even designated its own secret agents abroad. By the spring of 1777, the specialized nature of the committee’s work had been recognized and its title changed to ‘‘Committee for Foreign Affairs.’’ Special problems in foreign relations, however, were sometimes dealt with by select or temporary committees appointed for the purpose. After the Congress of the United States was organized under the Constitution, select committees to deal with foreign affairs were appointed. In 1807, during the Jefferson Presidency, a House committee was established in response to predatory actions by both the French and British against American commercial shipping. Fol- lowing the seizure and search of the U.S. frigate Chesapeake 10 miles off the Virginia coast by a British ship, the House appointed a special Foreign Relations Committee which was also known as the Aggression Committee. That committee had an active role in foreign policy considerations through the War of 1812 and in 1822, renamed the Committee on Foreign Affairs, was designated a standing committee of the House with a membership of seven. The 150th anniversary of that event was celebrated by the committee in 1972. Because the House is the organ of National Government closest to the citizenry, the Committee on Foreign Affairs may truly be said to have been the voice of the American people on issues of international significance for more than a century and a half. Al- though this important role has remained the same, the name of the (93) 94 committee was changed on March 19, 1975, by a resolution (House Resolution 163) sponsored by 22 members of the committee to the Committee on International Relations. The change resulted from the extensive discussions by the members that were undertaken in relation to the reorganization of the subcommittee structure of the committee. It was the consensus that the change in the name of the full committee would more accurately reflect the organization of the committee as it had been agreed upon by its own members at that time. Subsequently, at the beginning of the 96th Congress, the committee again reorganized its subcommittee structure and agreed to the introduction of House Resolution 89, sponsored by 30 Members, to return to the committee’s original name ‘‘The Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs.’’ The resolution was agreed to on Feb- ruary 5, 1979. At the beginning of the 104th Congress, the House changed the names of many committees, and the ‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’ was again changed to the ‘‘Committee on Inter- national Relations’’. Throughout its history, the committee has been composed of some of America’s most able legislators and statesmen. Two Amer- ican Presidents have served on it: James K. Polk, from 1827 to 1831, and John Quincy Adams, who became chairman in 1842 after he returned to the House following his term as the Chief Executive. Many former chairmen of the committee have written their names into the history books. Among them was Edward Everett of Massachusetts, chairman in the 20th Congress, who also served as Secretary of State, was a Whig Vice Presidential candidate in 1860, and is remembered as one of America’s greatest orators. Francis W. Pickens, who chaired the committee from 1839 to 1841, later became Governor of South Carolina and authorized the firing on Fort Sumter which precipitated the Civil War. Serving as chairman in the aftermath of World War I, Stephen G. Porter of Pennsylvania came to be one of the most influential figures in the determination of American foreign policy in the early 1920’s. Former Chairman Sol Bloom of New York and James P. Richards of South Carolina have been recognized for their contributions to America’s leadership in the immediate post-World War II period. In more recent times, J. Danforth Quayle, former Vice President, served on the Committee in the 96th Congress. The longest tenure as chairman in the history of the committee was that of Hon. Thomas E. Morgan of Pennsylvania who served in that position from 1959 until the end of the 94th Congress. Other former members of the Committee on International Rela- tions—Tom Connally of Texas, Champ Clark of Iowa, and J. Wil- liam Fulbright of Arkansas, Mike Mansfield of Montana, Jacob Javits of New York, and Abraham Ribicoff of Connecticut. Eight current members of the U.S. Senate are former members of the Committee: Robert C. Byrd from West Virginia; Olympia Snowe from Maine; Charles Schumer from New York; Mike DeWine from Ohio; Sam Brownback from Kansas; Robert Torricelli from New Jersey; Harry Reid from Nevada; and John McCain from Arizona. Moreover, committee experience has provided a beginning for nu- merous individuals who have gone on to distinguish themselves in the diplomatic service of the country. Among them was Perry Bel- mont, chairman in the 49th and 50th Congresses, who was U.S. 95 Minister of Spain in 1888–89 and a noted author of work on international policies. His successor as chairman in the 51st Congress was Robert R. Hitt of Ohio who was chief of the U.S. Delegation in Paris from 1874 to 1881 and subsequently was appointed Assist- ant Secretary of State. Christian A. Herter, who served as Sec- retary of State during the Eisenhower administration, was a committee member in the 82d Congress. More recent examples are: Chester Bowles, former Under Secretary of State; James W. Wads- worth, former U.S. Representative of the United Nations; F. Brad- ford Morse, United Nations Development Programs; E. Ross Adair, former Ambassador to Ethiopia; William S. Mailliard, former Am- bassador to the Organization of American States; and J. Danforth Quayle, former Vice President of the United States.

APPENDIX III

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64th CONGRESS THROUGH 106th CONGRESS

Session Total Combined to- 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee tals

64th Congress (1915–16): Committee ...... 27 33 ...... 60 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 60 65th Congress (1917–18): Committee ...... 13 32 5 ...... 50 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 50 66th Congress (1919–1920): Committee ...... 15 23 20 ...... 58 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 58 67th Congress (1921–22): Committee ...... 6 24 1 ...... 49 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 49 68th Congress (1923–24): Committee ...... 42 15 ...... 57 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 57 69th Congress (1925–26): Committee ...... 43 16 ...... 59 ...... Subcommittee ...... 3 1 ...... 4 63 70th Congress (1927–28): Committee ...... 50 25 ...... 75 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 75 71st Congress (1929–30): Committee ...... 1 47 16 ...... 63 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 63 72d Congress (1931–32): Committee ...... 45 13 ...... 58 ...... Subcommittee ...... 9 0 ...... 0 58 73d Congress (1933–34): Committee ...... 13 24 ...... 37 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 9 ...... 9 46 74th Congress (1935–36): Committee ...... 37 37 ...... 74 ...... Subcommittee ...... 7 0 ...... 7 81 75th Congress (1937–38): Committee ...... 35 1 14 ...... 50 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 50 76th Congress (1939–40): Committee ...... 46 0 33 ...... 79 ...... Subcommittee ...... 1 0 3 ...... 4 83 77th Congress (1941–42): Committee ...... 40 25 ...... 65 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 2 ...... 2 67 78th Congress (1943–44): Committee ...... 60 56 ...... 116 ...... Subcommittee ...... 2 2 ...... 4 120 79th Congress (1945–46): Committee ...... 72 33 ...... 105 ...... Subcommittee ...... 1 0 ...... 1 106 (97) 98

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64th CONGRESS THROUGH 106th CONGRESS—Continued

Session Total Combined to- 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee tals

80th Congress (1947–48): Committee ...... 103 115 ...... 218 ...... Subcommittee ...... 39 6 ...... 45 263 81st Congress (1949–50): Committee ...... 128 122 ...... 250 ...... Subcommittee ...... 10 36 ...... 46 296 82d Congress (1951–52): Committee ...... 102 58 ...... 160 ...... Subcommittee ...... 59 41 ...... 100 260 83d Congress (1953–54): Committee ...... 77 82 ...... 159 ...... Subcommittee ...... 73 49 ...... 122 281 84th Congress (1955–56): Committee ...... 87 77 ...... 164 ...... Subcommittee ...... 25 35 ...... 60 224 85th Congress (1957–58): Committee ...... 79 79 ...... 158 ...... Subcommittee ...... 82 41 ...... 123 281 86th Congress (1959–60): Committee ...... 82 59 ...... 141 ...... Subcommittee ...... 89 81 ...... 170 311 87th Congress (1961–62): Committee ...... 80 71 ...... 151 ...... Subcommittee ...... 72 67 ...... 139 290 88th Congress (1963–64): Committee ...... 88 47 ...... 135 ...... Subcommittee ...... 120 67 ...... 187 322 89th Congress (1965–66): Committee ...... 61 59 ...... 120 ...... Subcommittee ...... 140 103 ...... 243 363 90th Congress (1967–68): Committee ...... 74 53 ...... 127 ...... Subcommittee ...... 116 75 ...... 191 318 91st Congress (1969–70): Committee ...... 59 32 ...... 91 ...... Subcommittee ...... 120 147 ...... 267 358 92d Congress (1971–72): Committee ...... 40 36 ...... 76 ...... Subcommittee ...... 141 110 ...... 251 327 93rd Congress (1973–74): Committee ...... 44 53 ...... 97 ...... Subcommittee ...... 222 176 ...... 198 289 94th Congress (1975–76): Committee ...... 91 52 ...... 143 ...... Subcommittee ...... 198 157 ...... 355 498 95th Congress (1977–78): Committee 1 ...... 113 105 ...... 218 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 294 237 ...... 560 778 96th Congress (1979–80): Committee 1 ...... 135 105 ...... 240 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 294 237 ...... 531 771 97th Congress (1981–82): Committee 1 ...... 120 120 ...... 240 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 240 222 ...... 462 702 98th Congress (1983–84): Committee 1 ...... 126 84 ...... 210 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 214 184 ...... 398 608 99th Congress (1985–86): Committee 1 ...... 130 111 ...... 241 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 214 163 ...... 377 618 99

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64th CONGRESS THROUGH 106th CONGRESS—Continued

Session Total Combined to- 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee tals

100th Congress (1987–88): Committee 1 ...... 143 202 ...... 345 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 111 197 ...... 308 653 101st Congress (1989–90): Committee 1 ...... 90 108 ...... 198 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 266 227 ...... 493 691 102d Congress (1991–92): Committee 1 ...... 107 73 ...... 180 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 261 169 ...... 430 610 103rd Congress (1993–94): Committee 1 ...... 163 129 ...... 292 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 182 133 ...... 315 607 104th Congress (1995–96): Committee 1 ...... 172 116 ...... 288 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 96 68 ...... 164 452 105th Congress (1997–98): Committee 1 ...... 143 198 ...... 341 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 76 68 ...... 144 485 106th Congress (1999–00): Committee 1 ...... 127 86 ...... 213 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 67 43 ...... 110 323 1 The above figures include the combined number of hearings, briefings, and include meetings with distinguished visitors and delegations.

APPENDIX IV

(MEMBER OF THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 106TH CONGRESS) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FL, Chairperson Donald A. Manzullo, IL Robert Menendez, NJ Steve Chabot, OH Pat Danner, MO Kevin Brady, TX Earl Hilliard, AL George Radanovich, CA Brad Sherman, CA John Cooksey, LA Steven R. Rothman, NJ Doug Bereuter, NE William D. Delahunt, MA Dana Rohrabacher, CA Joseph Crowley, NY Tom Campbell, CA Joseph M. Hoeffel, PA Richard Burr, NC

AFRICA

Edward R. Royce, CA, Chairman Amo Houghton, NY Donald Payne, NJ Tom Campbell, CA Alcee L. Hastings, FL Steve Chabot, OH Gregory W. Meeks, NY Thomas G. Tancredo, CO Barbara Lee, CA George Radanovich, CA

ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

Doug Bereuter, NE, Chairman James A. Leach, CA Tom Lantos, CA Dana Rohrabacher, CA Howard Berman, CA Peter T. King, NY Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, AS Marshall ‘‘Mark’’ Sanford, SC Matthew Martinez, CA* Matt Salmon, AZ Sherrod Brown, OH John M. McHugh, NY Robert Wexler, FL Richard Burr, NC Jim Davis, FL Paul E. Gillmor, OH Earl Pomeroy, ND Donald A. Manzullo, IL Gary L. Ackerman, NY Ed Royce, CA Alcee L. Hastings, Florida John Cooksey, LA

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Christopher H. Smith, NJ, Chairman William F. Goodling, PA Cynthia A. McKinney, GA Henry J. Hyde, IL Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, AS Thomas G. Tancredo, CO Earl Hilliard, AL Dan Burton, IN Brad Sherman, CA Cass Ballenger, NC William D. Delahunt, MA Peter King, NY Gregory W. Meeks, AL Matt Salmon, AZ (101) 102 WESTERN HEMISPHERE

Elton Gallegly, CA, Chairman Dan Burton, IN Gary Ackerman, NY Cass Ballenger, NC Matthew G. Martinez, CA* Chris Smith, NJ Robert Menendez, NJ Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FL Robert Wexler, FL Marshall ‘‘Mark’’ Sanford, SC Steve Rothman, NJ Kevin Brady, TX Jim Davis, FL Paul E. Gillmor, OH Earl Pomeroy, ND

*Election to the Committee vacated September 13, 2000 APPENDIX V

CHAIRMEN OF THE HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE

Congress Dates Congressman

17th ...... 1821–23 Jonathon Russell 18th ...... 1823–25 John Forsyth 19th ...... 1825–27 Do. 20th ...... 1827–29 Edward Everett 21st ...... 1829–31 William S. Archer 22nd ...... 1831–33 Do. 23rd ...... 1833–35 William S. Archer (1st sess.) James M. Wayne (2d. sess.) 24th ...... 1835–37 John Y. Mason (1st. sess.) 25th ...... 1837–39 Benjamin Howard 26th ...... 1839–41 Francis Pickens 27th ...... 1841–43 Cabel Cushing (1st sess.) John Quincy Adams (2d/3rd) 28th ...... 1843–45 Charles J. Ingersoll. 29th ...... 1845–47 Do. 30th ...... 1847–49 Truman Smith 31st ...... 1849–51 John Mclernand 32nd ...... 1851–53 Thomas H. Bayly 33rd ...... 1853–55 Do. 34th ...... 1855–57 Alex C.M. Pennington 35th ...... 1857–59 Thomas L. Clingman (1st sess.) George W. Hopkins (2d sess.) 36th ...... 1859–61 Thomas Corwin 37th ...... 1861–63 John J. Crittenden 38th ...... 1863–65 Henry Winter Davis 39th ...... 1865–67 Nathaniel Banks 40th ...... 1867–69 Do. 41st ...... 1869–71 Do. 42nd ...... 1871–73 Do. 43rd ...... 1873–75 Godlove S. Orth 44th ...... 1875–77 Thomas Swann 45th ...... 1877–79 Do. 46th ...... 1879–81 Samuel Cox 47th ...... 1881–83 C.G. Williams 48th ...... 1883–85 Andrew Curtin 49th ...... 1885–87 Perry Belmont 50th ...... 1887–89 Perry Belmont (1st sess.) James B. McCreary (2d. sess.) 51st ...... 1889–91 Robert Hitt 52nd ...... 1891–93 James Blount 53rd ...... 1893–95 James B. McCreary 54th ...... 1895–97 Robert Hitt 55th ...... 1897–99 Do. 56th ...... 1899–1901 Do. 57th ...... 1901–03 Do. 58th ...... 1903–05 Do. 59th ...... 1905–07 Robert R. Hitt (1st sess.) Robert G. Cousins (2d sess). 61st ...... 1909–11 James Breck Perkins (1⁄2 sess.) David J. Foster (3d. sess). 62nd ...... 1911–12 William Sulzer 63rd ...... 1913–15 Henry D. Flood (103) 104

CHAIRMEN OF THE HOUSE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE—Continued

Congress Dates Congressman

64th ...... 1915–17 Do. 65th ...... 1917–19 Do. 66th ...... 1919–21 Stephen G. Porter 67th ...... 1921–23 Do. 68th ...... 1923–25 Do. 69th ...... 1925–27 Do. 70th ...... 1927–29 Do. 71st ...... 1929–31 Stephen G. Porter (1⁄2 sess.) Henry W. Temple (3d sess.) 72nd ...... 1931–33 J. Charles Linthicum (1st. sess) Sam D. McReynolds (2nd sess). 73rd ...... 1933–34 Sam D. McReynolds 74th ...... 1935–36 Do. 75th ...... 1937–38 Do. 76th ...... 1939–41 Sam D. McReynolds (1⁄2. sess) Sol Bloom (3d sess). 77th ...... 1941–42 Sol Bloom 78th ...... 1943–44 Do. 79th ...... 1945–46 Do. 80th ...... 1947–48 Charles A. Eaton 81st ...... 1949–51 Sol Bloom (1⁄2 sess.) 81st ...... 1949–51 John Kee (2d sess.) 3 82rd ...... 1951–52 John Kee (1st sess) 83rd ...... 1953–54 Robert B. Chiperfield 84st ...... 1955–56 James P. Richards 85th ...... 1957–58 Thomas S. Gordon 86th ...... 1959–60 Thomas E. Morgan 87th ...... 1961–62 Do. 88th ...... 1963–64 Do. 89th ...... 1965–66 Do. 90th ...... 1967–68 Do. 91st ...... 1969–70 Do. 92nd ...... 1971–72 Do. 93rd ...... 1973–74 Do. 94th ...... 1975–76 Do. 95th ...... 1977–78 Clement J. Zablocki 96th ...... 1979–80 Do. 97th ...... 1981–82 Do. 98th ...... 1983–84 Clement J. Zablocki (1 sess) Dante B. Fascell (2d sess.) 99th ...... 1985–86 Dante B. Fascell 100th ...... 1987–88 Do. 101st ...... 1989–90 Do. 102nd ...... 1991–92 Do. 103rd ...... 1993–94 Lee H. Hamilton 104th ...... 1995–96 Benjamin A. Gilman 105th ...... 1997–98 Do. 106th ...... 1999–00 Do. 3 Hon. John Kee died on May 8, 1951. Hon. James P. Richards became chairman for remainder of 82nd Congress. Note—The data is taken from collections of congressional directories in the Library of Congress, Department of State, Supreme Court and the National Archives. The following volumes are missing from all collections: 34th Congress 3d session, 37th Congress 1st and 3rd session, 40th Congress 1st session, 55th Congress 1st session, 58th Congress 1st session, 75th Congress 2nd session, and 76th Congress 2nd session. Party designations are taken from biographical dictionary of the American Congress, and are unavoidably subject to error in the early period, due to the vagueness of party lines and frequent shifting of men from one party to another on critical issues. In instances where the Biographical Directory incorrectly refers to Democratic Republicans as Democrats the designation have been changed. The above figures include the combined number of hearings, briefings, and include meetings with distinguished visitors and delegations. 105 Public Law No. and date 6/15/99 10/17/00 11/8/99 106–200 5/18/00 5/21/99 5/21/99 7/22/99 77–19 date 5/11/00 Senate agreed, vote and ...... 106–89 ...... 106–38 ...... 106–35 vote and date House agreed, 10/26/99 ...... 309–110 ...... 5/4/00 ...... 5/20/99 ...... (2) ...... 106–29 date ...... (5) 5–4–00 Report, 106–606 No. and ...... and date Passed, vote U.C. 5/12/99 ...... 106–30 11/3/99 ...... Senate Action Conference and date Report, No...... U.C. 8/5/99 ...... 421–0 ...... 76–19 ...... U.C. 5/18/99 ...... 345–71 ...... 106–46 ...... 5/11/99 ...... House action, ...... vote and date Voice 4/13/99 ...... U.C. 10/3/00 ...... U.C. 10/5/006/22/99 ...... 106–309 326–90 ...... 3/3/99 ...... 234–163 ...... 7/16/99 ...... 3/18/99 ...... Voice 6/15/99 ...... and date 2/16/99. 2 6/14/99. Report, No. 106–122 ...... 4/29/99 ...... 4/12/99 ...... 7/19/99 ...... 2/16/99 ...... and Hearing (4/15/99) (Markup) APPENDIX V1.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART Hearing Approved Subcommittee action Committee action ...... (4/15/99 * ...... Voice 4/20/99 ...... U.C. 5/27/99 ...... 8/4/99 ...... (3/17/99)...... 106–82 ...... 6/23/99 (7/22/99) * ...... Voice 8/2/99 .. 3/23/99 ...... (4/14/99) ...... (9/7/00) * ...... Voice 9/25/00 ...... (2/11/99 106–18 ...... (3/4/99) * ...... Voice 6/15/99 ...... 2/25/99 (3/4/99) ...... 2/11/99 (2/11/99) 106–19, pt 1 ...... (6/10/99)...... 106–154, pt...... 409–0 2/2/99 ...... U.C. 5/5/99 ...... No. of Legislation, Title Law Enforcement. Trafficking Act. Self-Reliance Act. Act. Authorization Act. negro Democracy Act. Act. of 1999. of 1999. portunity Act. bargoes Act. South Center. H.R. 1379 (Gilman), Narcotics Control and H.R. 1356 (Smith-NJ), Freedom From Sexual H.R. 1143 (Gilman), Microenterprise for H.R. 1152 (Bereuter), Silk Road Strategy H.R. 1175 (Lantos), Zachary Baumel ...... H.R. 1211 (Smith-NJ), Foreign Relations ...... (6/10/00) * ...... 415–5–1 ...... H.R. 1064 (Smith-NJ), Serbia and Monte- H.R. 850 (Goodiatte), SAFE Act ...... 5/19/99 ...... (7/13/99) 106–117, pt 3 H.R. 669 (Campbell), Amend Peace Corps H.R. 973 (Gilman), Security Assistance Act H.R. 825 (Bereuter), U.S.-Macao Policy Act H.R. 434 (Crane), African Growth and Op- H.R. 4 (Weldon), National Missile Defense ...... H.R. 17 (Ewing), Selective Agricultural Em- ...... **H.R. 432 (Gilman), Dante B. Fascell North- ...... 317–105 ...... 106 Public Law No. and date 106–386 10/28/00 10/6/00 Vetoed 12/19/00 11/3/99 12/7/99 3/14/00 95–0 date 12/7/00 Senate agreed, 10/11/00 70–28–1 vote and ...... 106–87 vote and date House agreed, 371–1 ...... 10/6/00 ...... Voice ...... 10/12/00 ...... date 10/5/00 Report, No. and 10/11/00 ...... 106–279 ...... and date Passed, vote U.C...... 9/22/00 ...... U.C. 11/19/99 ...... 106–137 Senate Action Conference and date Report, No...... U.C. 7/27/00 ...... 98–0 2/24/00 ...... 420–0 3/1/00 ...... 106–178 ...... U.C.. House action, vote and date 11/2/99 ...... Voice 5/9/00 ...... U.C. 7/27/00 106–939 Voice 7/18/00 9/18/00 ...... 357–71 ...... 10/13/99 ...... 4/28/99 ...... 341–70 ...... 2/1/99 ...... 419–0 ...... 9/14/00 ...... 7/19/99) ...... and date Report, No. 1 11/22/99 .... 106–691, pt. 1 6/22/00 ...... 9/17/99 ...... 106–423, pt 1 10/28/99 ...... 9/14/99 ...... 99) and Hearing (3/22/00) (Markup) Hearing Approved Subcommittee action Committee action ...... (11/9/99)...... 106–487, pt...... (9/7/00) * ...... Voice 9/12/00 ...... ** ...... 385–26 ...... 10/20/99 ...... (9/23/99) ...... ** ...... Voice 7/21/99 ...... U.C. 8/3/99 ... 106–970 ...... (7/1/99)...... 106–325 ...... (9/9/99) * ...... Voice 9/21/99 ...... U.C. 10/21/99 ...... (10/26/ ...... (9/9/99) ...... 106–315, pt 1 (5/25/99) ...... 249–180 ...... (7/1/99) * ...... 383–1 ...... APPENDIX V1.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title ficking in Persons. Sewage. Designation Act. Act of 1999. Countries. Security Act of 1999 (see H.R. 3427). Act of 1999 (See H.R. 3381). lief Reuth, Act. hancement Act. Act of 1999. sels. slavia. proliferation Act. H.R. 3244 (Smith-NJ), International Traf- H.R. 3378 (Bilbray), Tijuana River Beach H.R. 3164 (Goss), Foreign Narcotics Kingpin H.R. 2909 (Gilman), Intercountry Adoption H.R. 2608 (Gilman), Major Drug Transit H.R. 2415 (Smith-NJ), American Embassy H.R. 1993 (Manzullo), Export Enhancement H.R. 2166 (Porter), Bear Protection Act ...... H.R. 2367 (Smith-NJ), Torture Victims Re- ...... (9/21/00) ...... * ...... H.R. 1794 (Brown-OH), Taiwan in the WHO ...... H.R. 1838 (DeLay), Taiwan Security En- 6/23/99H.R. 1883 (Gilman), Iran Nonproliferation (7/1/99) * ...... H.R. 1908 (Gilman), Transfer of Naval Ves- Voice 10/4/99 ...... H.R. 1569 (Fowler), Limit Military in Yugo- H.R. 1477 (Menendez), Iran Nuclear Non- 107 00 11/13/00 106–280 10/6/00 10/27/00 5/26/00 12/9/99 U.C. 9/22/00 ...... 106–373 ...... 106–255 8/2/ ...... 106–508 396–17 ...... 9/21/00 ...... 10/12/00 (1) ...... (4) ...... 106–212 ...... (4) ...... (5) ...... (5) ...... 9/19/00 ...... U.S. 10/4/00 ...... Voice ...... U.C. 11/19/99 ...... 106–158 ...... 5/15/00 ...... Voice 10/3/00 ...... 275–146 ...... 7/19/00 ...... 382–38–1 ..... 3/22/00 ...... 11/17/99 ...... 6/12/00 ...... 6/12/00 ...... 3/17/00 ...... 7/27/00 ...... (9/21/00) * ...... Voice 9/25/00 ...... U.C. 10/11/00 ...... (6/29/00) ...... (9/21/00) Voice 7/24/00 * ...... Voice 9/25/00 U.C. 9/7/00 ...... 106–868 ...... (9/21/00) * ...... Voice 9/25/00 ...... (6/29/00) * ...... Voice 7/25/00 ...... 6/28/00...... (6/29/00) ...... * ...... (9/7/00) Voice 7/11/00 * ...... Voice 9/19/00 ...... (4/13/00) ...... 106–667 ...... (5/4/00) ...... 106–668 ...... (5/4/00)...... * ...... Voice 5/15/00 (5/4/00) ...... * ...... U.C. 7/19/00 374–6 ...... 4/12/00 (4/13/00) * ...... Voice 5/3/00 ...... (3/23/00) * ...... Voice 3/28/00 ...... U.C. 5/2/00 ...... (2) (6/29/00) ...... 106–803 Pt. 1 ...... 4/6/00 (4/13/00) ...... ** ...... Voice ...... Modification. Assistance Act. lief Partnership Act. Commission Act. tion. Opportunity Act of 2000. Cooperative Development Act. of Moskit Missiles by Russia. ican Trust and Cooperation Act. erative and Environmental Safety in Northern Europe Act of 2000. sight of Nuclear Transfers to North Korea Act of 2000. Support Act of 2000. Taiwan. for Dept. of State, etc.. ship Act of 2000. puters. Act. H.R. 5239 (Gilman), Export Administration H.R. 4919 (Gilman), Defense and Security H.R. 5224 (Gilman), International Food Re- H.R. 4899 (Gilman), Asian Pacific Charter H.R. 4697 (Gejdenson), Combating Corrup- H.R. 4528 (Gilman), International Academic H.R. 4673 (Bereuter), Support for Overseas H.R. 4022 (Rohrabacher), Sale and Transfer H.R. 4118 (Ros-Lehtinen), Russian-Amer- H.R. 4249 (Gejdenson), Cross-Border Coop- H.R. 4251 (Gilman), Congressional Over- H.R. 3822 (Gilman), Oil Price Reduction Act ...... H.R. 3879 (Gejdenson), Sierra Leone Peace (3/15/00)H.R. 4002 (Brady-TX), Famine Prevention 106–528 ...... (6/29/00) * ...... Voice 7/24/00 ...... H.R. 3707 (Bereuter), American Institute in H.R. 3427 (Smith-NJ), Authorize Appropr. H.R. 3673 (Gilman), U.S. Panama Partner- H.R. 3680 (Dreier), High Performance Com- H.R. 3381 (Manzullo), Export Enhancement 108 Public Law No. and date date Senate agreed, vote and ...... vote and date House agreed, ...... date ...... Report, No. and ...... and date Passed, vote Senate Action Conference and date Report, No...... House action, vote and date 11/16/99 ...... 4/20/99 ...... 6/15/99 ...... 11/2/99 ...... 3/11/99 ...... 9/26/00 ...... and date Report, No. and Hearing (Markup) Hearing Approved Subcommittee action Committee action ...... (5/25/99) * ...... Voice 9/27/99 ...... (5/13/99) * ...... Voice 5/18/99 ...... ** ...... Voice 5/4/99 ...... **...... Voice 3/23/99 3/25/99 ...... (4/15/99) ...... * ...... 421–2 ...... (3/17/99) ...... Voice 4/13/99 ...... (3/17/99) * ...... Voice 3/23/99 ...... 5/11/99 (6/10/99) * ...... 414–1–1 ...... 6/30/99 (7/1/99) * ...... Voice 10/4/99 ...... (3/17/99) * ...... 278–133 ...... 6/30/99 (7/1/99) * ...... Voice 7/19/99 ...... 2/25/99 (3/4/99) * ...... 413–6 ...... 6/30/99 ...... (9/26/00) * ...... 385–27–4 ..... APPENDIX V1.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title Foreign Service. Refuges. Jackson. gramme of Action the Int’l Conference on Populations and Development. der of Rosemary Neison. vador for Elections. Situation in Cuba. Leone. Freedom of Press. NATO. and Ecuador. nesia. Salvadorans. tiations. H. Res. 169 (Vento), Human Rights in Laos ...... 10/27/99 (11/9/99) * ...... 412–1 ...... H. Res. 168 (Gilman), 75th Anniversary of H. Res. 161 (Brady-TX), Regarding Kosovo H. Res. 156 (Meek-FL), Commending Jesse H. Res. 118 (Tiahrt), Reaffirming Pro- H. Res. 128 (Smith), Condemning the Mur- H. Res. 110 (Gallegly), Commending El Sal- H. Res. 99 (Ros-Lehtinen), Human Rights H. Res. 62 (Payne), Violence in Sierra H. Res. 57 (Gilman), Peru Elections and H. Res. 59 (Bereuter), U.S. Committed to H. Res. 25 (Gallegly), Congratulating Peru H. Res. 32 (Bereuter), Elections in Indo- H. Res. 17 (Moran), Extradition to U.S. of H.R. 5272 (Gilman), Peace Through Nego- 109 ...... 10/10/00 ...... 7/17/00 ...... 10/10/00 ...... 9/28/99 ...... 9/28/99 ...... 10/4/99 ...... 5/25/99 ...... 106–933 ...... 10/4/00 ...... (18/3/00) 9/14/00 9/21/00 (3) ...... (9/28/00) ...... (9/7/00) * ...... Voice 9/26/00 ...... (7/25/00) * ...... Voice 7/25/00 ...... 7/25/00 ...... (6/29/00) * ...... 402–1 ...... (4/13/00) * ...... Voice 5/3/00 ...... (3/9/00) * ...... Voice 4/3/00 ...... 6/30/99 ...... 7/1/99 (7/1/99) * ...... 6/30/99 (9/23/99) * ...... 413–0 ...... (5/25/99) * ...... 418–0 ...... cide. ern Ireland. Mexico on Recent Elections. Summit. in 1994 Argentina. ognition of Israel’s Magen David Adom Society. cide. Austria. Process. Incursion into Jammu and Kashmir. and Murder in Colombia. Massacre. H. Res. 572 (Gilman), U.S.-India RelationsH. Res. 577 (Hall-OH), UNHCR ...... H. Res. 588 (Salmon), Religious Freedom ...... 9/21/00H. Res. 596 (Radanovich), Armenian Geno- ...... (10/3/00) ...... Voice 9/12/00 * (10/3/00) ...... * Voice ...... H. Res. 547 (Neal), Peace Process in North- H. Res. 544 (Gallegly), Congratulations to H. Res. 543 (Hastings), North/South Korea H. Res. 500 (Gilman), Zimbabwe ...... H. Res. 531 (Ros-Lehtinen), AMIA bombing ...... (6/15/00) * ...... Voice 6/19/00 ...... H. Res. 431 (Meeks-NY), Mozambique ...... H. Res. 449 (Payne), Senegal ...... H. Res. 451 (Gilman), Kosova ...... (3/9/00) 4/12/00 ...... * (4/13/00) ...... (9/7/00) * Voice 3/14/00 ...... * ...... Voice 5/3/00 ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 464 (Gilman), International Rec- H. Res. 259 (Ryun-KS), Olympics ...... H. Res. 292 (Bereuter), East Timor ...... H. Res. 297 (Bereuter), Taiwan Earthquakes (6/15/00) ...... 9/15/99 * ...... H. Res. 398 (Radanovich), Armenian Geno- (9/23/99) Voice 6/19/00 (9/23/99) * ...... * ...... 390–38–1 ..... 424–0 ...... H. Res. 429 (Lantos), Extremist FPO in H. Res. 228 (Gallegly), Colombia Peace H. Res. 227 (Gilman), Opposing Pakistan’s H. Res. 181 (Green-WI), FARC Kidnapping H. Res. 178 (Pelosi), Tiananmen Square 110 Public Law No. and date date Senate agreed, vote and vote and date House agreed, ...... date Report, No. and and date Passed, vote Senate Action Conference and date Report, No...... U.C. 11/3/99 ...... U.C. 4/12/99 ...... U.C. 7/1/99 ...... House action, vote and date 7/12/99 ...... 10/26/99 ...... 139–290 ...... 4/28/99 ...... 6/15/99 ...... 3/23/99 ...... 3/11/99 ...... 10/26/99 ...... 3/23/99 ...... 3/16/99 ...... 3/11/99 ...... 4/13/99 ...... 10/26/99 ...... and date Report, No. * ...... 423–0 ...... 106–116 ...... 4/27/99 ...... * ...... Voice ...... * ...... Voice ...... 99) 99) 99) and (3/4/99) * ...... 421–0 ...... Hearing (4/22/99) (4/27/99) (Markup) 3/2/99 Hearing Approved Subcommittee action Committee action ...... (10/19/ ...... (7/1/99) * ...... 365–5 ...... (4/15/99) * ...... Voice 4/15/99 ...... (4/21/99) ...... 5/11/99 (6/10/99) * ...... 416–1–1 ...... 3/17/99 (3/17/99) * ...... 429–1 ...... 12/14/99...... (10/19/ ...... (4/15/99) * ...... Voice 4/20/99 ...... ** ...... 219–191–9 ...... (3/17/99) * ...... 421–0 ...... 10/14/99...... (10/19/ ...... (3/10/99) * ...... 380–24–2 ..... APPENDIX V1.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title niversary of Geneva Conventions. Assembly Resolution ES–10/6. Release Three U.S. Soldiers. Forces from Yug0slavia. Sudan. of the Taiwan Relations Act. Ethiopia. Good Friday Peace Agreement. Operations in Kosovo. Statements by Duma Members. Somalia. Opposition to Palestinian Declaration of Statehood. H. Con. Res. 102 (Sam Johnson), 50th An- H. Con. Res. 117 (Rothman), UN General H. Con. Res. 83 (Napolitano), Yugoslavia H. Con. Res. 82 (Campbell), Remove Armed H. Con. Res. 75 (Payne), War in Southern H. Con. Res. 56 (Gilman), 20th Anniversary H. Con. Res. 46 (Campbell), Eritrea and H. Con. Res. 54 (Crowley), Anniversary of H. Con. Res. 42 (Gilman), Peacekeeping H. Con. Res. 28 (Gilman), China and Tibet ...... 2/25/99 H. Con. Res. 35 (Gilman), Qatar ...... H. Con. Res. 37 (Smith-NJ), Anti-Semitic ...... (3/17/99) * ...... 418–0 ...... H. Con. Res. 20 (Campbell), Assistance to H. Con. Res. 24 (Salmon), Congressional 111 ...... U.C. 6/23/00 ...... U.S. 6/23/00 ...... 5/23/00 ...... 3/28/00 ...... 7/11/00 ...... 11/9/99 ...... 11/16/99 ...... 11/18/99 ...... 11/16/99 ...... 11/16/99 ...... 9/27/99 ...... 10/26/99 ...... 9/27/99 ...... 11/16/99 ...... 7/19/99 ...... * ...... 424–0 ...... 99) ...... (5/19/00) * ...... 416–0 ...... 3/22/00 (3/23/00) * ...... 418–1 ...... (6/15/00) * ...... Voice 6/23/00 ...... 416–1 ...... 6/14/00...... (6/29/00) ...... * ...... (9/7/00) Voice 7/24/00 * ...... U.C. 10/19/00 ...... (11/9/99) * ...... 399–0 ...... ** ...... Voice ...... 10/27/99 (11/9/99) * ...... 396–4 ...... (11/9/99) * ...... 407–4 ...... (10/19/ 10/27/99 (11/9/99) * ...... (7/1/99) * ...... Voice 7/12/99 ...... U.C. 7/12/99 ...... (9/23/99) ...... 402–2 ...... 6/30/99 (7/1/99) ...... 400–1–1 ...... (7/1/99) ...... (7/1/99) * ...... 381–0–2 ...... tion on International Child Abduction. ful Presidential Elections. oners. Efforts to Remove Holy See from UN. Mexico. to George Mitchell. sassination of Armenian Prime Minister. China. India. flict in Chechnya. Greece and Turkey. to Military Coup in Pakistan. national Workers Held Prisoner. craft. tions. Iranian Jewish Community. Wall. H. Con. Res. 293 (Chabot), Hague Conven- H. Con. Res. 292 (Armey), Taiwan Success- H. Con. Res. 257 (Porter), Iranian Baha’isH. Con. Res. 275 (Wexler), Kuwaiti Pris- ...... 6/28/00 (9/7/00) * ...... Voice 9/19/00 ...... H. Con. Res. 251 (Radanovich), Croatia .....H. Con. Res. 253 (Smith-NJ), Objecting to ...... (5/4/00) * ...... Voice 5/15/00 ...... H. Con. Res. 232 (Hunter), Accidents in H. Con. Res. 242 (Gejdenson), Nobel Prize H. Con. Res. 223 (Cox), Freedom Day ...... ** ...... 417–0 ...... H. Con. Res. 222 (Rogan), Condemning As- H. Con. Res. 218 (Smith-JN), Falun Gong in H. Con. Res. 211 (Ackerman), Support for H. Con. Res. 206 (Smith-NJ), Armed Con- H. Con. Res. 188 (Bilirakis), Commending H. Con. Res. 200 (Gejdenson), Opposition H. Con. Res. 144 (Gilman), CARE Inter- H. Con. Res. 165 (Mica), Slovak Republic ...... H. Con. Res. 187 (Shuster), Hushkitted Air- ...... (11/9/99) * ...... 404–12 ...... H. Con. Res. 140 (Hastings-FL), Haiti Elec- H. Con. Res. 128 (Sherman), Treatment of H. Con. Res. 121 (Miller-FL), Fall of Berlin 112 Public Law No. and date date Senate agreed, vote and vote and date House agreed, ...... date Report, No. and ...... and date ...... Passed, vote ...... Senate Action Conference and date Report, No...... U.C. 10/18/00 ...... U.C. 6/23/00...... U.C. 9/15/00 ...... 2/00 ...... House action, vote and date 10/24/00 ...... (10/24/00 ...... 10/10/00 ...... 11/1/00 ...... 5/25/00 ...... 10/10/00 ...... 5/3/00 ...... 7/17/00 ...... and date Report, No. and Hearing (9/21/00) * ...... Voice ...... (Markup) 9/13/00 Hearing Approved Subcommittee action Committee action ...... (10/3/00) * ...... Voice ...... (10/3/00) * ...... Voice ...... 9/21/00 ...... Voice 10/3/00 ...... U.C. 10/19/00 ...... (6/15/00) * ...... Voice 6/19/00 ...... (5/24/00) * ...... 403–3–2 ...... 6/27/00...... (6/29/00) * 6/28/00 ...... Voice 7/10/00 ...... APPENDIX V1.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title murder (See S. Con. Res. 146). Pope. Timor. U.N.. Mass Media in Russia. Withdrawal from Lebanon. Americans. of Free Elections in Burma. H. Con. Res. 414 (Campbell), Afghanistan ...... (10/3/00) * ...... 381–0 ...... H. Con. Res. 410 (Lantos), John Kaiser H. Con. Res. 397 (Smith-NJ), Central Asia ...... H. Con. Res. 400 (Istook), Hungary ...... H. Con. Res. 404 (Peterson-PA), Edmond 9/13/00 ...... (10/3/00) ...... * ...... 362–3–1 ...... Voice 10/ H. Con. Res. 395 (Smith-NJ), East/West H. Con. Res. 361 (Ackerman), Benin ...... H. Con. Res. 382 (Smith-NJ), Azerbaijan ...... H. Con. Res. 390 (Schaffer), Taiwan in the ...... (10/3/00) ...... * (10/3/00) ...... * ...... H. Con. Res. 348 (Lewis-GA), Child Soldiers ...... H. Con. Res. 352 (Gilman), Manipulation of 6/28/00 * Voice 7/11/00 ...... H. Con. Res. 331 (Armey), Israeli Troop H. Con. Res. 295 (Rohrabacher), Vietnam ..H. Con. Res. 297 (Pallone), Hungary ...... H. Con. Res. 304 (Gejdenson), Belarus ...... 4/12/00 ...... (4/13/00)H. Con. Res. 319 (Shimkus), Latvia ...... (6/29/00) ...... * * ...... 4/13/00H. Con. Res. 322 (Davis-VA), Vietnamese 415–3 5/3/00 ...... * ...... (6/29/00) ...... 409–2–2H. Con. Res. 328 (Porter), 10th Anniversary * ...... 398–0 ...... 113 10/2/00 11/9/00 4/25/00 12/7/99 106–570 12/17/00 U.C...... 12/14/00 . ) 1 ( 00 ...... 106–186 ...... 106–142 11/19/99 ...... U.C. 6/23/00 ...... 106–277 ...... U.C. 11/19/99 ...... (5) ...... U.C. 5/24/00 ...... 106–484 ...... U.C. 10/31/00 ...... U.C. 10/18/00 ...... U.C. 10/27/00 ...... U.C. 3/2/00 ...... U.C...... U.C. 10/19/00 ...... U.C. 12/15/ ...... U.C. 6/23/00 ...... Æ ) 4 10/24/00 ...... 10/24/00 ...... 12/15/00 ...... 10/24/00 ...... 12/15/00 ...... 9/25/00 ...... 9/26/00 ...... 10/5/99 ...... 10/27/00 ...... 10/25/00 ...... 2–427 ...... 4/28/99 ...... ( 4/27/99 ...... (10/3/00) * ...... Voice ...... (6/29/00) * ...... Voice 7/24/00 ...... U.C. 5/2/00 ...... 9/21/00 6/28/00 ...... (10/3/00) * ...... (9/7/00) * ...... Voice ...... ** ...... Voice ...... ** ...... Voice ...... ** ...... Voice 4/11/00 ...... U.C. 4/7/00 ...... (9/7/99) * ...... 413–0 ...... (4/27/99) 106–115...... (9/23/99) * ...... 422–0 ...... 385–2 ...... 365–30–11 ... House agreed to Senate amendment. Incorporated into the D.C. Appropriations bill, H.R. 3194, which became law (P.L. 106–113) See H. Res. 426 Incorporated into H.R. 1143, The Microprise for Self-Reliance Act, which became law (P.L. 106–309). Incorporated into S. 2943, the International Malaria Control Act. ) ) ) ) ) 1 2 3 4 5 Governors, VOA materials. Act. Labor. of Fr. John Kaiser in Kenya. Peru. of the Helsinki Final Act. of War Between the U.S. and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Those Who Fought in Battle of Bulge. Control. Middle East. * Motion passed to seek consideration on House Suspension Calendar ** Called up under Unanimous Consent; Committee discharged. ( ( ( ( ( S. 2682 (Biden), Broadcasting Board of S. 2460 (Feingold), Rwanda ...... (9/7/00) * ...... Voice 9/19/00 ... S. 1453 (Frist), Sudan Peace Act ...... 7/27/00 S. 484 (Campbell) Bring Them Home Alive S. Con. Res. 158 (Hatch), Japanese Slave S. Con. Res. 146 (Wellstone), Assassination S. Con. Res. 91 (Durbin) Lithuania ...... S. Con. Res. 138 (Wellstone), Day of Peace ...... ** ...... ** 384–0 3/8/00 ...... Voice ...... S. Con. Res. 81 Release Rabiya Kadeer ...... 6/27/00 S. J. Res. 43 (Coverdell), Democracy in H. J. Res. 100 (Smith-JN), 25th Anniversary H. J. Res. 44 (Campbell), Declaring a State H. J. Res. 65 (Smith-NJ), Commending S. 2943 (Helms), International Malaria H. Con. Res. 426 (Gilman), Violence in the