MAN FROM :'KoKOMO cylinder), virtually vibration-free engine. Indeed, the interest this car attracted in Chicago induced Haynes and Apperson to continue their partnership and begin producing automobiles on order. In 1898 they organized the Haynes-Apperson Automobile Company to begin relatively large-scale production, and the company enjoyed reasonable success for a full quarter century. At the outset Haynes and Apperson made several notable improvements in their automobile. They patented some of their ideas, but others they incorporated into their cars without protection. Haynes was particularly proud of the metallurgical innovations. He was the first manufacturer to use aluminum in an engine and a nickel-steel alloy elsewhere in the car. After the Appersons started their own company, producing the first Apperson in 1902, Haynes renamed his company to sim­ ply the Haynes Automobile Company. He personally managed its affairs, however,

n , third from the left, poses with a late-model Haynes car, JCT'fl l . t 'La\) l 1923 or 1924, in front of his home in Kokomo. The other men are believed to be {a�n businessmen called in to help the struggling Haynes Automobile Company.

Vt a. f

e vJ{ · /11(?, Rant a �. astrous fire in 1911, and during the severe financial problems in 1923-24. For most of ufd the years that Haynes and Apperson produced cars in Kokomo, they were, while person­ ne, lRat ally on friendly terms, business competitors. Both men and their companies stressed the longevity of their automotive careers and vied with each other fo r recognition as the '{ fi , t_ K Ka builder of "America's First Car." The Haynes company prevailed in the contest and used LR L'L ckud� � this slogan on the hood ornament of each car produced after 1913. a{ Eventually the Haynes Automobile Company became the largest manufacturing con­ d a n ea"'3 K U'L cern in Kokomo. As early as 1908 the Haynes plant, occupying three large factory build­ ings, employed approximately five hundred workers, and its production capacity ln Ka ne. exceeded 350 cars a year. Small in comparison with the automotive leaders in Detroit, Haynes nevertheless was one of the top twenty-five companies in the United States by 1913, and Haynes continued to produce a sizable number of good, reliable, medium- to high-priced automobiles fo r a decade. Sales averaged more than 4,000 cars a year from -----+ 1910 to 1923, peaking in 1916 at 7, 100, but tailed off precipitously after 1923. The com- pany failed in 1924, with the last Haynes cars, assembled from stock on hand, rolling off the assembly line in February 1925. Ultimately the victim of the economies of production achieved in Detroit, many pioneer companies in the industry, including Winton and Maxwell, as well as Haynes and Apperson, disappeared from the scene in the mid-1920s. Long before that happened, Elwood Haynes had made his mark in the world as a bril­ liant metallurgist. In time Haynes produced enormously significant and valuable new alloys, particularly Stellite and stainless steel. Tw o companies-Haynes Stellite and Ameri­ can Stainless Steel-based upon his experiments and discoveries were established, and both products are still very much a part of the modern, industrialized world. An effective teacher, an imaginative and innovative natural gas worker, the inventor of one of the first automobiles in America and the first manufacturer of cars in , and the developer of remarkably useful and versatile alloys that continue to play an important role in modern life, Haynes deserves to be better known as a true pioneer in Elwood Haynes. tht American automobile industry.J 17

1924 13 April 1925 HayTI£SAuloTTWbile CompanyJai/.5. Elwood Haynes dies.