Consultancy Services for carrying out Feasibility Study, Preparation of Detailed Project Report and providing pre‐construction services in respect of 2 Laning of Hungpung (km 43/129) to Longpikajui (km 79/552) on NH‐202 on Engineering, Procurement and Construction mode in the state of Manipur
ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
Client: Consultant:
S.M. CONSULTANTS Plot No. 130, S.M. Tower, Mancheswar Industrial Estate Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar‐751010, ODISHA : (0674)2580682‐85, Fax‐2580686
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) –LongpiKajui (79/552 km) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... ii LIST OF TABLES ...... iii LIST OF FIGURES ...... iv Animal Passage Plan...... 6 1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 6 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN STUDY ...... 6 1.3 METHODOLOGY OF ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN ...... 6 1.4 PASSAGE PLAN ...... 8 1.4.1 Necessity ...... 8 1.5 GUIDELINES FOR ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN ...... 10 1.5.1 Planning Guidelines ...... 10 1.5.2 Design Guidelines ...... 18 1.5.3 Cost Analysis ...... 21
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) –LongpiKajui (79/552 km) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: SUMMARY OF ADT ...... 11 Table 2: PROPOSED ROW FOR THE PROJECT STRETCH...... 12 Table 3: IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS FOR BRIDGES, CULVERTS ...... 12 Table 4: Mitigation Approaches for reducing road-related mortality of animals ...... 17 Table 5: Wildlife Crossing Details ...... 19 Table 6: Mitigation Summary Table ...... 20 Table 7: Cost Analysis of the provisions for Animal Passage Plan ...... 22
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) –LongpiKajui (79/552 km) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: WILDLIFE PASSAGE ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINES PROCESS ...... 7 Figure 2: PROJECT CORRIDOR WITH BOUNDARIES OF WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ...... 10 Figure 3: Boundary of Shiroi ESZ and Core Zone crossing the project road ...... 14 Figure 4: A representation of the permeability of roads in relation to traffic volume ...... 17 Figure 5: Wildlife Crossing Locations...... 19
iv Consultanry Services for Preparation ofDetailed Proiect Reportfor 2 Laning ofHungpung (43/129 km] -LongpiKaiui (79/SSZ lan) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
l.l BACKGROI.IND Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (IVIoRTH) through National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (I.rrf{IDCL) of Government of India (the
"Authority') intends to develop the north-east roads. As a part of this endeavour, the
Authority has decided to undertake the two laning of the following road through EPC mode. rt Yaingangpokpi-Nagaland Border Road on NH 202 in the state of Manipur
In this backdrop preparation of detailed project report and finalization of construction agency needs to be taken up prior to that. kr this connection, NHIDCL has been entrusted with the assignment ofpreparation ofdetailed project report for construction ofroad from Yaingangpokpi (From Gwaltabi) toNagaland Border (Towards Kohima Side). NHIDCL has appointed IWs SM Consultants having its head office in Bhubaneswar as consultant for preparation of detailed project report for the proposed road. Environmental Impact
Assessment report is prepared in order to assess potential environmental impacts and to suggest the mitigation measures during construction and operation phase of proposed road. As per the strategic long-term vision of NHIDCL with respect to the improvement, operation and maintenance of road infrastructure in the State of Manipur, the Government has identified the need to upgrade the road. 1.2 OBJECTTVES OF ANIMAL PASSAGE PI-AN STUDY The objectives of animal passage plan are:
r To incorporate the needs of wildlife into transportation projects
r To maintain the habitat corurectivity
r To aid in the reduction of human wildlife conflict, improving awareness, safety and reducing collisions
Achieving these goals will include restoring connections where they have been removed and ensuring that existing connections remain as the project road expands. r.3 METHODOLOGY OF ANIMAL PASSAGE PIAN The methodology to determine the Wildlife Passage Plan involves the following process as described below: N N z .Ecz E-r tq u .E& N|r'' lJ' t7 IJ)
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1.4 PASSAGE PIA.N !.4.r Necessi$ Anirnals move between habitats in order to survive by finding food, mates and areas. of refuge. As urban area continue to expand and highway network and traffic volumes increase there is threat to animals while crossing the roads. All proposals for highways, railway tracks, canals and power lines passing through wildlife sanctuaries or national parks and protected areas will now have to include a plan to provide for safe movement of wildlife and allocate budget for animal passages as por NBWL proceedings dated 25ft January 2018.
Adverse effect associated with Linear Proiectvis-a-vis present proiect The linear projects passing through wildlife protected areas are associated with:
proportional to the length and width of the disturbance corridor)
Diversity and higher edge-to-interior ratio)
chemical elements arising from roads, vehicles, fuel and corrosion and wear & tear of
vehicle components
and traffic modality)
their genetic fitness-Genetic drift and inbreeding depression)
crops and livestock, increasing conflict.)
Project Corcidor The present project under discussion, though a linear project has verynegligible or null ill effect to the project. On critical analysis/ observation ofthis project it is seen that:
passing through ESZ boundary of Shiroi National Park from 43.129 km to 79.552 furr.
lmphaf - Consultancy Servlces for Pteparadon of Detailed Proiect Report for 2 l,ardng of Hunstung (431129 hr) -longflhfur(TelSSz hr] Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
The land required for the project sanctuary portion is 25 sqm in buffer zone and 598
qm in Eco sensitivity zone.
itat of birds can be sorted by planting of trees in the
forest deparfrent. , pensated by planting 5,84,282 no.
substantially checked by the plantation. Consultancy Services for Preparation ofDetailed Proiect Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung {43/129 km} -Longpilhiui (79|SSZ lan) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
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, Figure z: PROJECT CORRIDORWTIII BOLINDARIES OFWILDTIFE SANCTUARY 1.5 GUIDF'.I,INES FORANIMAL PASSAGE PLI\N 1.S.1 Planning Guidelines This section of the report helps the user define the goals of the transportation facility and the specific goals. Road types, speeds, widths and other traffic pattems are important
10 N}NDCL {:mFhd ffi Consultanry Services fbr Preparation of Detailed Proiect Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung A\* @3/129 km) -longpilhiui (79/SSz lan) Road on NH 202 *:ili6i ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN considerations that need to be identified to determine the overall impacts of the project. These parameters will influence the ecological goals and potential mitigation required (if any).
1. 5. 1. 1 I d e n tify ing T ran sp ortati on N e tw o rk C o m pon e n ts 1.5. 1.1.1 Classification The basic classification of transportation infrastructure will provide the transportation engineer/ designer with information regarding the requirements of the facility. The classification will control elements of the design and provide an indication of importance to the transportiation system.
The project road is a National Highway in the state of Manipur numbeing2A2. The highway starts from Mokokchung to Imphal and runs for a distance of 460 hn. It links Mokokchung,
Tuensang, Sampurre, Meluri, Jessami, Ukhrul and Imphal. It establishes a major link in connecting Imphal to Ukhrul and leading to interstate relationship with Nagaland.
1.5.1..1".2 Traff ic Com positiotr The traffic composition and transportation facility type are linked. Roadways will facilitate the transportation of a broad range of users such as heavy trucks, buses, passenger vehicles and bicycles. The prevalence of any type of user will depend on nearby land-uses, and network function. Traffic counts which will include the classification are as shown below:
Table r: SUMMARY OF ADT
Vehicle tSzpe IIS r (At +q/8oo lnn) HS z (At rrl/4Zo krn) Car/Taxies 4049 2L Jeep/Van 315 10
LCVPassenger Z6 o LCVFreight r.9 I MiniBus 2 O Bus 3o o IWoAxle Z6 20
TtrreeAde 5 1 Semi Articulated o o Articulated 2 o ADTT'Orr,nD 4574 53 a PCUTOI,T,f"D) 4851.5 95.5
T\,voWheeler 741 13 Three Wtreeler t2 o
CYcle 31 o
Rickshaw 1 o AnimalCart o o Hand Cart 1t} o
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lmphal tl. ll Consultancy Services fbr Preparation of Detailed Proiect Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung 4ilSDCL g3/rzs km] -LongpiKaiui (7s/sszlan) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
Vehicle type HS r (At +q/8oo krrr) HS z (At rr3/47okm) Others 2 1 ADTTotal 537t 6T PCUtotal 5275.r 103 1.5.1.1.J lJser \0eed The speed at which the users travel will have an effect on the ability of the vehicle to perceive, react and stop in time to avoid conflicts. The posted speed for the project stretch is
50 hnph4O kmph as per the standard of the National Highway.
1,.5.L.t.4 lmprovement Proposals Table z: PROPOSED RO\IV FOR THE PROJECT STRETCH
Tlpe ofArea ProposedRO\M DEATAII-s z lane divided carriagewaywith r.5 m paved OpenArea 24m shoulders with protection works on Hill and Valley Side z lane divided carriageway with 1.5 m paved Built-upArea 2tlm shoulders, with drains and protection works on Hill and Vallev Side The project road is proposed to be of two lanes. Depending upon the present available width past record of submergence of the structures in that area, the recommendations for structures
include the following:
Table 3: IMPROVEMEM PROPOSAIS FOR BRTDGF^S, CULVERTS Type ofProposal Minor slab 1Y*"r,rpe Retained L2 Reconstruction 2LL 120 2 Widening 18s Replacement of Culvert for Existing Slab z6 2 on Realignment seetion 95 New Construetion L76 Total 8zo Sl, No. fype Recommendation Nos.
NewConstruction 2 1 Minor Bridge " Reconstruction ,, Retain 2
L. 5. 1. 2 I d e n tifying Ecolag i c a l N etwork C o m pon e n ts This section will help the user define the ecological goals of the project such as whether or
not mitigation is required, or desired, for the project area. Landscape characteristics, species
present and adjacent land use are all important considerations used to define the ecological
i12 lmphat ff Consultancy Services for Preparation ofDetailed Proiect Reportfbr 2 Laning ofHungpung gs/rze kml -LongpiKajui (79/552lan) Road on NH 202 ffi*WH ANIMAL 'AS'AGE 'LAN scope of the project. When combined with the transportation goals, the outcome will be a
road that is functional and safe for both drivers and wildlife.
The landuse of the project area and the adjacent lands will play a large role in deterririning the
type and extent of mitigation required. As the area surrounding the project is slated for high
density residential/ commercial development, the facilitating wildlife movement through this
area is likely not feasible or desired. As per observation made in the site visits and during dif[erent survey proceedings, no wildlife crossings were found in the project stretch.
Current Land Use
Common land uses in the project road include the following:
Future Land Use It is important to not only consider present development, but also consider future
development. The present road is in hilly terrain So, the landuse pattern is mostly open
section with few stretches of built-up section and semi-builtup sections. Terrace farming is
found in few stretches. Rest stretch comes under the forest region.
i.5.1.2.2 tde ntlfy Potentia I WiIdIife Corridors The national park supports 42 species of mammals, T4 species of aves,29 species of reptiles,
6 species of amphibian, 36 species of fishes.
Mammals :- Hoolock gibboq Himalayan Black bear; Barking deer; Sambar; Leopard; Jackal; Migratory Indian elephant along Indo-Myanmar,, Pangolin; Wild boar; Jungle cat; Flying squirrel, Martens; Clouded leopard; Golden cat; Slow loris; Hog badger; Serow; Stump tailed
macaqe; Bison; Otter; etc. Birds: - Jungle fowl; Parakeet; Mrs. Humes barred backed pheasant; Blyths tragopan; Horn
bills etc. Reptiles:- Tortoise; Viper; Krait; Cobra; Python; Land monitor lizard,,Green'snake; Rat
snake; Varanus; Buffstriped keelback etc. Amphibia: - Salamandar Reptiles: - Python, cobra etc..
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lrrptnl Consultancy Services tbr Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) -LongpiKaiui (79|SSZ lirn) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PtAN
Figure g: Boundary of Shiroi ESZ and Core Zone crossing the project road
The lists of fauna found in the Shiroi National Park are as listed below:
DOMFSTIC ANIMALS Animal Scientific Method of Local Status Common/Local Name -*--*'type Name Keeping Past Present Cattle Cow/Sei/Shan Bos taurus Cowshed Abundant Less Jersey/ Jersey Sei/ Jersey uatfle^ - LL, _ Bos indicus Cowshed NO Few Jnan Buffalo , Cattle Buffalo/ SiluilEroi Babulis Bath ADundant Less krside & Canis Dog/FalHui Outside Abundant Less Dog Domesticus the house Keot at Capra hircus LESS LESS Goat Goat/trdehlHameng Ialm In the Cat CatlLanilHaodong Felis catus house uommon Less Bamboo & Gallus Common/Fowl./HarlYen wood Common Less Poultrv Gallus enclosure Properly Gallus set uD Poultry Chicken Broiler/Har ":'*', No Few domesticus close Dv the house Poultry Chicken Coiler/Har Gailus spp. do- NO Few IffitrI
[@J fir+ e * Consultanry Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) -Longpilhiui (79/552lcn) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN CULTURE FISHERIES Animal Common/Local Method of Local Status Scientific Name - Type Name Keeping Past Present Paddy Common , Carps Cyprinus caprio field & Many Less carp/Puklaobi pond Grass carp/ Ctenopharyngodon Carps -do- Many Less Napichabi idella WILD ANIMALS Season Local Status Animal Common/Local Scientific Habitat when Past Present Type Name i\ame:.------seen Carnivore Wild Boari Siva Sus scrofa Forest Winter Abundant Rare Insectivore Porcupinei Rikrai Hynx Earth Winter Abundant RarE Shabou Hole Primate Monkey/Nayong Macaca Tree Whole Abundant nat" mullata Year Primate Hoolock/ Farifara/ Hylobates Tree Whole Abundant Rare Yongmu Hoolock Year Insectivdre Wild Rat/ Kafa Rattus spp. Earth Whole Abundant Rare Hole Year Herbivore Red Deer/ Chao Cervus app. Forest Whole Rare Rare Year Carnivore Wolf/ Ramfa Canis lupis Forest Whole Rare Rare Year - Omnivore Squinel/ Siluk Funambulus Forest Whole Rare Rare spp. Year Bird Mrs. Hume's Syrmaticus Shiroi Whole Endangere Rare Pheasant/ humiae Peak Year d NonginlRikshira Bird Jungle Fowl/ Ramhar Gallus spp. Forest Whole Abundant Rare Year Bird BulbuVRumok Pycnonotus Forest Whole Abundant Rare jocosus Year monticols Bird Hornbill Dichoceros Forest Seasonal Rare Rare _ Reptile Python/Rarei Python Forest Whole Rare Rare molurus Year Reptile Tree Snake/Sinaphara Dendrilaphi Forest Whole Rare Rare s app Year Reptile Blind Snake/Nakhok Typhlopsver Forest Whole ' Rare Rare mi cularis Year Primates Slow Loris/ Khanongsa/ Nycticebus Forest Whole Rare Rare Yonglkaithibi coucang Year Carnivore Jungle Felis chuas Forest Whole Rare Rare CatlLanthadong/Khara Year Bird Trushi Shiri Turdus feae Nearby Migratory Abundant Rare fruit trees
l15 ii lmlfitsl .** ,zN. =tr;ffi;ervtcesforpreparationof DetailedProiectReportforz laningof Hunglrung pffiL &3/12s lonl -LongpiKaiui (7el552lon) Road on NH 202 ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
1.5.1.2.3 ldentify Conflicts with Wildlife
During the planning stages of your project, it is important to identifu the surroundin g andl or
icting regional and local land uses.
local wildlife and the fansportation projects if:
are located on either side of the proposed
and wildlife moveme,nt. But as deparbnent, no passage ofland proje-ct corridor is full with patches of built-
traffic volume andl or speed or large vehicles. Different species will be
by traffic volume and/ or speed in different ways depending on their mobility: As
mentioned in above point, there is no crossing across the project road. Conflict with Road Characteristics
Traffic volume and speed play an important role in deterrnining whether a road will impact
wildlife movement. Because vehicle traffic behaves as a filter to movement rather than a
absolute barrier, the number of species both atternpting and successfully crossing the road
will be reduced at greater traffic volumes and speeds. As displayed in the figure below, the majority of wildlife-vehicle collisions occur on the roads with intermediate frafiic volume while high volume roads have essentially no incidents. This suggests that roads with more
than 10,000 vehicles per day are essentially a total barrier to wildlife movement. Consultancy Serwices fbr Preparation of Detailed Proiect Reportfor 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km] -LongpiKaiui (79/552 krn) Road on NH 202 tu ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN Little problem Deadly Trap Effeclive barrier 100
g_ srrceossful .n Q, .=-oEF 9I gcr Hlo J g *r O--$ r 3E r4 o5 zF t E: ; -rG 2 8s A 6 &8
o 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 15000 Traffic volume (no. Of vehicles per average day) Figure 4: A representation of the permeability of roads in relation to traffic volume
Conflicts with Existing Infrastructure Many existing structures are not designed for wildlife and were installed with human
function/ traffic flow as the major goal. In order to avoid hindrance for wildlife and ecosystem function, these followings are need to be kept in mind: i. No perched culverts ii. Structures with insufficient water depth for aquatic passage iii. Structures with excessive water velocities iv. Bridges or culverts without dry land on the sides v. Structures that incorporate both pedestrian and wildlife into the same structures vi. Removal physical barriers
Table 4: Mitigation Approaches for reducing road-related mortality of anirnals
Regulatory or Perspective Measures On-site construction and Habitat 1. Speed Control Clearing vegetation for improving visibility along road Z. Temporary Road Closure Erection of animal-proof fencing to prevent animals entering road 3. Control on feeding of wild animals krstallation of wildlife detecting systems on the road 4. Regulatory guidelines for laying/ Increasing permeability of a road corridor by upgrading road through sensitive faciiitating movement through construction habitats and wilderness areas iately designed and positioned
l7 lmphal Consultanry Services for Preparation ofDetailed Project Reportfor 2 Laning ofHungpung $3/12e km] -LongpiKaiui (7e/sszlcn) Road on NH 202 $h ANTMAL pAssAGE .LAN
culverts or underpasses 5. Prescription for width of verge to Retrofitting existing drainage culverts to be retained in different landscape facilitate wildlife crossing by animals and habitats 6. Restrictions on stopping/ parking of Maintenance of hedgerows along the road to vehicles on highway segments serve as movement corridors passing through sensitive habitats
1.S.2 Design Guidelines The design of the roadway can help to reduce the effects of transportation infrastructure on wildlife. Some simple principles that should be considered in the road design include: 1. Consider the slope of the roadside 2. Consider potential/ known areas of higher wildlife activity 3. Consider impact of drainage ditches 4. Consider the implications of the roadway design for emergency response access and
maintenance access.
1.5.2.1 ldentify Ecalogical Design Group The vast biodiversity in nature provides a challenge when attempting to maintain connectivity and reduce genetic isolation. Each species within an areawill have slightly different habitat requirements and behavior making it difficult to design a corridor that will satisfy the requirements of all the species. In addition, there is insufficient data for many species which provides a challenge when attempting to understand their life history strategy and to design a corridor that will satisfy the requirements.
The category of species which special attention are as follows:
1. 5, 2. 2 I d en tify M i tig a ti on Mitigation for the purpose of this passage plan, is intended to be site specifi6 and practical. In the project corridor of Yaingangpokpi-Nagaland Border of NH 202, wildlife crossings are found near Shiroi villaee. The details of the crossins are as described below.
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lmphal Consultancy Services for Preparation ofDetailed Proiect Report for 2 Laning of Hungpung (43/129 km) -LongpiKaiui (79/SS2 krn) Road on NH 202 di* ANIMAL PASSAGE PLAN
Figure.5: Wildlife Crossing Locations
Table S: Wildlife Crossing Details Sl. Chainage Chainage Animals Passing Coordinates Coordinates No. (From) (To) (t"atitude) (Longitude) r 68.15o 6S.4So Wild Boar/ Siva, z5o7t37.4t"N 94"26'46.92"E Porcupine/Rikra/Shabou, 2567't8.oi"N g46zo'+S.g8"E Monkey, zs67'is7.47"N 94"26t46.65"8 Red Deer/ Chao, z5o7'36.67"N g4"26'44..16n8 Squirrel/ Siluk t 64.zo,0 6t.ibo wita Boar/ Siva, 25"7'37.66"N gj"z7iii,.ii"E Porcupine/Rikra/ Shabou, isdi'ss.os"N gt4"z7irt.st"E Monkey, zS"lg8.eS"N 94"27'7.5r_"8 Red Deer/ Chao, zsdli9.4s"N 94627'8.5o"8 Squimell Siluk, Wild Rat/ Kafa, Rumok, Python/Rarei, Tree Snake/ Sivaphara, Blind Snake, Jungle Cat,
General fulFhager(P) t$rq 6
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The mitigation measures have been provided as per the type of animals crossing the section. As per standards of IRC: SP: 73-2015, animal underpasses should be provided with a vertical clearance of 3.5 m. This design criterion has been taken into consideration and the passage has been planned accordingly.
Before designing the mitigation measures following points was taken into consideration:
The meaSures to address habitat fragmentation effects of transportation infrastructure fall into two broad categories: engineering (structural) options and non-structural options. These options are kept in mind and the mitigation measures a.re proposed for irnplementation
according to the animal habitats dwelling in the area as well as the humans. Table 6: Mitigation Summary Table Sl. Mitigation Steps Taken Complied No. Strucfural Measures I Passing of Arboreal Canopy Bridges ./ Species 2 Gliding Specres Glider Poles ,/ 3 Separation from Fences ./ Streamline flow of Traffic 4 Altered Lighting Street Lighting only near ,/ passing locations 5 Traffic Calmed Speed Breakers provided ,/ Areas before the passage location 6 Diversionary Box Culvert ,/ Methods 7 Vegetation Avenue Plantation for Management nesting purpose '/ 8 Noise Barriers Avenue Plantation ,/ Non Structural Measures 9 Habitat Fences/lledges ,/ Management
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l0 Corridor Plmtings Stip of Vegetation ,/
Public Awareness Public Consultation
as per site environment, interaction with the local village s. So, the proper mitigation mea$res are to the best of our knowledge. The measures to mitigate impacts ife Institute of India.
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