Document of The World Bank
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 33 I/I
Public Disclosure Authorized ReportNo. 9202-IN
STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT
INDIA Public Disclosure Authorized
MAHARASHTRA RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT
MARCH18, 1991 Public Disclosure Authorized
Asia Country Department IV (India)
Public Disclosure Authorized Population, Human Resources, Urban and Water Division
This documenthas a restgicteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly In the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorkztion. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
Currency Unit = Indian Rupee (Rs) US$ 1.00 = Rs 17.8 Rs 1.00 = US$ 0.056
MEASURES AND EQUIVALENTS mm - millimeter (1 millimeter = 0.039 inches) m = meter (1 meter - 3.28 feet) km = kilometer (1 kilometer = 0.62 miles) km2 = square kilometer (1 km2 = 0.368 square miles) ha = hectare (1 hectare - 10,000 square meters 2.47 acres) 1 = liter (0.22 imperial gallons or 0.264 US gallons) lpcd liters per capita per day m3 = cubic meters (220 Imperial gallons or 264.2 US gallons) Ml = million liters Mld = million liters per day (0.220 million Imperial gallons per day or 0.264 million US gallons per day)
FISCAL YEAR
April 1 - March 31
ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS
ARWSP - Accelerated Rural Water Supply Program BEOH - Block Extension Officer, Health DEMO - District Extension and Media Officer DOPH - Department of Public Health DRD - Department of Rural Development EE - Executive Engineer FY - Fiscal year GOI - Government of India GOM - Government of Maharashtra GSDA - Groundwater Survey and DevelopmentAgency ICB - InternationalCompetitive Bidding LCB - Local Competitive Bidding MM - Man months MPW(F) - Multi-PurposeWorker (Female) MPW(M) - Multi-PurposeWorker (Male) MWSSB - Maharashtra Water Supply & Sewerage Board NGO - Non-GovernmentalOrganization O&M - Operation & Maintenance PHL - Public Health Laboratories PPMU - Project Planning and Monitoring Unit PW - Public Wortzs SHEB - State Health Education Bureau SOE - Statement of Expenditure TYRSEM - Training for Rural Youth for Self-Employment FOR OMCIALUSE ONLY INDIA
MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROJECT
Table of Contents
CREDITAITD PROJECT SUMMARY Page No. I. SectoralContext
A. Introduction...... 9-9 ...... 000 ...... I B. Rural Water Supplyand SanitationService Levels ...... 2 C. Institutional Respinsibilities ...... 4 D. Sectoral Issues ...... *...... S E. Government Policies and Program .s ...... 7 F. ExternalFinancing of Rural Water Supply& Environmental Sanitation...... 9 G. Previous Bank Experience ...... 9 H. Rationalefor IDA Involvement ... 11 II. The Project
A. Origins ...... 11 B. Area to be Served ...... 12 C. Objectives .. 13 D. Design Criteria,Service Standards and PopulationCoverage . 13 E. Descriptionof the Components . . 15
III. ProjectCosts, Financingand Implementation
A. Costs and Financing ...... 20 B. Status of ProjectPreparation ...... 22 C. Project Management ...... 23 D. NGO Involvementand CommunityParticipation ...... 25 E. Role of Women ...... 26 F. Disbursement..... 26 G. Procurement ...... 27 H. Monitoringand Evaluation ...... 29 I. Accounts and Audits ...... 30
This report is based on the findingsof an appraisalmission which visited Maharashtrain October-November1990. This missioncomprised Ms. Ellen Schaengold (MissionLeader), and hesurs.Karl Kleiner(Engineer), Albert Kennefick(Financial Analyst),Randall Vick (ProcurementSpecialist), Robert Boydell (Engineer),Sanjay Vani (FinancialAnalyst) ati? K.V. Rao (PublicHealth Specialist).This reportwas reviewedby Mr. RichardSkolnik, Chief, Population, Human Resources,Urban and Water DevelopmentDivision, and Mr. Heinz Vergin,Director, Asia CountryDepartment 4.
This document has a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their officialduties. Its contents .nay not otherwwbsbe disclosedwithout World Bank authorization. - ii - Page No.
IV. Financial Analyses ...... 31
V. Economic Analysis and FnvironmentalAssessment
A. Economic Analysis ...... 33 B. EnvirornmentalAssessment ...... 34
VI. Benefits and Risks
A. Benefits ...... 35 B. Risks ...... * ...... 35
VII. Agreements Reached and Recommendation...... 36
Tables
LIST OF ANNEXES
Annex 1
Component l: Rural Water Supply - Detailed Description,Procurement, and Cost Estimates:
Population,Water Demand, and Service Levels fcr Phase 1 ...... 38 Technical Details for Phase 1 ...... 39 InvestmentCost Estimates for Phase 1 ...... 40 Piped Water Supply Schemes Phase 2 ...... 0...... 41 BorewellProgram, Handpumps, Ground Water Development ...... 42 Leak Detection Survey and Repair Works ...... 44 Design Criteria ...... *...... 46
Component 2: EnvironmentalSanitation - Detailed Description,Procurement and Cost Estimates:
Latrines ...... 49 Drainage ...... 50 Solid Waste ...... 51
Component 3: Health Communication- Detailed Descriptionand Cost Estimates ...... 52
Component 4: InstitutionalStrengthenir.g - Detailed Description,Procurement and Cost Estimates:
Project Planning and Monitoring Unit: Descriptionand Cost Estimates ... 54 Project Planning and Monitoring Unit: Terms of Reference for Health and Sanitation and Training Cells ...... 58 Project Planning and Monitoring Unit: Terms of Reference for Construction Supervision Monitoring ...... 59 Scheme Design ...... 61 - 1ii .
Page No.
Training...... **...... 63 Commnity Participation ...... 65 . MVSSB/ZillaParishads/GSDA/RDD ...... 66
Annex 2 - Project ImplementationSchedule ...... 67
Annex 3 - Project Cost Schedule******.**...*...... 68
Annex 4 - Schedule of IDA Disbursements...... 72
Annex 5 - RetroactiveFinancing ...... 74
Annex 6 - Project Monitoring Guidelines...... 77
Annex 7 - Financial Analyses of District Schemes ...... 79
Annex 8 - EnvironmentalAssessment ...... *... 92
Annex 9 - Project SupervisionPlan ...... 93
Annex 10 - Hand Over Resolutions for Water Supply and DrainageSchemes ...... 94
Documents on File
MAP
IBRD No. 22833 - iv -
INDIA
AHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY & ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT
CREDIT AND PROJECT SUMMARY
s: India, acting by its President
Laries: Government of Maharashtra (GOM)
SDR 76.4 million (US$109.9million)
Standard,with 35 years maturity
Government of India (GOI) to GOM: As part of the central assistance to States for developmentprojects on terms and conditions applicable at the time. tion. The project would be implementedin about ten districts in the state of Maharashtra. It would raise the standard of living in rural areas through improved health and productivity,by expanding access to potable rural water supply systems and environmentalsanitation facilities. The rural water supply componentwould include about 75 large, regional piped water supply schemes, 170 individualvillage piped water supply schemes, and the installationof about 3,000 India Mark III hand pumps. In a country where the incidenceof water-related diseases is high and public sanitation standardspoor, the project would promote enhanced approaches to environmentalsanitation and health communicationsthrough the developmentof new strategies and the implementationof those strategiesthrough innovative programs. The environmentalsanitation component would promote the disposal of waste water in villages with piped water supply through improved drainage and the construction of low cost latrines. The health communicationscomponent would create greater community awareness and demand for improved hygiene and environmentalsanitation and would give field staff in the Department of Public Health a greater role in promoting a cleaner environment. NGOs would play a key role in the planning and implementationof the environmentalsanitation and health communications components. The project would also strengthenthe water quality monitoring system in rural areas throughout the state.
The main risks would bet 1) the environmentalsanitation and health communicationscomponents would be given low priority during implementationt2) inexperiencein working with NGOs; and 3) the sustainabilityof investments in rural water supply due to inadequateinstitutional and funding arrangementsfor operation and maintenance (O&E). These risks would be minimized through an agreement on the final strategieson environmentalsanitation and health education, the involvementof NGOs, and the role of the project planning and monitoringunit; the establishmentof a Government-NGOTask Force; and through training and improvementsin administrativearrangements and revenue generationto reduce the risk of inadequateO&M.
Estimated Costs Local Foreign Total …---- (in US$ M) ------
Rural Water Supply Schemes 71.9 14.2 86.1 SanitationProgram 8.9 0.4 9.3 Project Support 1.6 0.1 1.7 InstitutionBuilding 4.0 1.4 5.4 Health Comunnications 4.7 0.5 5.2 Other Consultant Services 0.6 0.1 0.7 ZP/GSDAIDOPHIncremental Staff Salaries 3.8 0.7 4.5 HWSSB EngineeringCosts 11.8 2.1 13.9 Land Acquisition 0.2 - 0.2
TOTAL BASE COSTS 107 5 19.5 127.0 Physicel Contingencies 7.6 1.4 9.0 Price Cont ngencies 1.7 3.0 4.7
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 116.8 23.9 140.7
Notet The above costs include an estimated US$12.9 million in taxes and duties.
Financing Plan
Governmentof Maharashtra 26.8 - 26.8 District Governments 2.0 - 2.0 HouseholderContribution 2.0 - 2.0 IDA 86.0 23.9 109.9
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 116.8 23.9 140.7
Estimated Disbursements
IDA FY 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Annual 15.1 19.2 24.9 23.9 18.2 8.4 0.2 Cumulative 15.1 34.3 59.2 83.1 101.3 109.7 109.9
Economic Rate of Return: Not applicable INL'IA
MAHARASHTRA RURAL WATER SUPPLY & ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT
I. SECTORAL CONTEXT
A. Introduction
1.01 Over the past ten years, India has made a major investment in rural water supply. As a result, it is estimated that about 952 of all villages in India now have access to at least one safe water source. The supply of water, however, has not been adequate to meet the demand within villages. A large percentage of the rural population are still using unsafe water to a varying extent. Small programs have been initiated to promote latrine usage among the lower income groups in rural areas but these programs have been unsuccessfuldue primarily to low demand. Less than 32 of the rural population use latrines and public facilities for drainage and solid waste removal are poor. The health benefits of the government'sprograms have been undermined by inadequate coverage,maintenance problems, and underutilization of existing water supply sources due to social factors, combined with poor environmentalsanitation.
1.02 With a growth rate of just over 22 per annum, India's population is now estimated at 848 million and will reach almost one billion in 2000. Water-relateddiseases are a major health problem, affecting over 80 of infants and children annually. About 802 of the poor live in rural areas where health standards are low. Infant mortality rates in rural areas are about two-thirdshigher than those in urban areas. A labor-saving,safe, reliable source of domestic water supply linked to improved environmental sanitation and health education are important factors in improvinghealth standards and economic productivityin rural areas. Health impact studies of small pilot projects in other countrieshave shown that combiningpotable water supplieswith sanitation and health educationcan significantlyreduce the prevalenceof diarrhea in small children.1/
1.03 Women play a key role in the water and sanitation sector both in terms of collecting and managing domestic water use and also in terms of responsibilityfor household sanitationand family hygiene. The time spent by women in collectingwater for domestic use averages about 1-2 hours per day;
11 Water SUPPly, Sanitation and Hygiene Education, Report of a Health Impact Study in Mirzapur, Bangladesh,R.M.A. Aziz, et al, UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program, 1990. - 2 -
in more arid or hillv locations,much longer time is spent. Without the involvementof women.,the full benefits of investmentsin water and sanitation cannot be realized.
1.04 The proposed project would support the Government of Maharashtra's rural water supply program in about ten districts and would support the developmentof strategies to promote improved environmentalsanitation through the provision of facilities and related health educationprograms in those districts. The special features of the project would be to: a) promote linkages between rural water supply, environmentalsanitation and health education through institutionalcoordination; b) through improved designs, provide adequate safe water to meet the communities'needs, including those of the rural poort c) through the involvementof NGOs, promote community participationin the identification,planning and maintenance of rural water supply and environmentalsanitation facilities;and d) create greater community awareness of the causes of water-relatedhealth problems and the need for a cleaner environment.
B. Rural Water Supply and SanitationService Levels
1.05 Because of the wide geographicdiversity and range of incomes both between and within states, rural water supply services range from traditional open wells and hand pumps to sophisticatedpiped water supply schemes with treatmentplants and a large proportion of private connections. Determining the percentage of rural population with access to safe, reliable water depends on such factors as distance to source, quantitiesavailable and the variability of water quality. The Government of India has established criteria that water sources should be within 1.6 km at a maximum and should be free of contaminatessuch as excessive salinity, iron, fluorides and other toxic elements, and guinea worm. Using these criteria, it is estimated that about 95? of all villages in India have access to at least one safe water source. About 85? of those served have access to hand pumps; the remainder receive water through piped schemes.
1.06 The Government of India has had a policy of discouragingprivate connectionsfor piped schemes in rural areas in order to provide more equitable service. In recent years, the demand for house connectionshas grown. Because the schemeswere designed only for stand posts, the installationof private connectionshas in many cases seriously reduced the capability of the systems to deliver adequate water to the entire community.
1.07 Utilization of safe water sources is much less than the 952 coveragewould suggest. Many Indian villages are made up of small hamlets which are located at some distance from each other. Field studies indicate that usage of safe water sources is minimal beyond about 150 meters if alternativewater sources, even polluted ones, are available. Thus, even if a safe source is provided, because of distance to source or social factors such as caste (membersof higher and lower castes may not share the same water source), a much smaller populationwill actually utilize the safe source. 1.08 in addition to utilization,maintenance is a problem, with about 20-25? of rural water supply schemes out of operation at any one time. Taking into considerationthe distancewhich persons are willing to walk to obtain water, social factors, and likely down time, a large percentage of the rural population are still using unsafe sources of water to a varying extent.
1.09 Rural environmentalsanitation facilitiesare defined in broad terms to include: private and community latrines,public sullage and storm drainage systems, sotkcpits (privatehousehold disposal of sullagewater), garbage and dung disposal and tubewell apron constru.cion.Water quality and water quality monitoring systems are often inadequate. The lack of facilities,especially in larger villages (populationsover 1,000), combined with inadequatehygiene practices and polluted water sources, contribute toward the spread of water-relateddiseases.
1.10 India has extremelyhigh rates of water-relateddiseases in both urban and rural areas. Although infant mortality rates have fallen over the last forty years, the rates in India remain among the highest in the world. There are unofficial estimates that as many as 80Z of all children have some form of diarrheal disease (includingcommon diarrhea) annually. In addition, there are area-specificproblems of water-relateddiseases such as guinea worm and fluorosiswhich can result in a crippling skeletal disease in adults.
1.11 The levels of environmentalsanitation in rural India are extr3mely low. It is estimated that less than 3? of the rural population have access to latrines. Even where latrines have been provided under government sponsoredprograms, in many cases they are not utilized because of individual preferences for open fields. Demand for latrines is increasing,however, in more densely populated aruas where privacy and security,particularly for women, is a problem.
1.12 Piped sewerage systems for villages are virtually nonexistent. Sullage or storm drains have been constructedin a few areas, particularly where piped water supply systems have been constructed. In some cases, where indiscriminatedefecation is practiced (particularlyby children), existing drainage systems are used for excreta and other solid waste disposal. Inadequate drainage during the monsoon season results in flooding which contributes to lower sanitationand health standards. Thus, the low levels of service for human and other waste disposal in villages combined with poor drainage create conditions for high rates of water-relateddiseases in rural areas.
1.13 Haharashtra. The service levels for rural water supply and environmentalsanitation facilitiesin Maharashtra are slightly higher than the national average. The rural population served by hand pumps is 522; another 5? are served by traditionalwells. The remainingvillages are served by piped schemes. Less than 10? of the rural populationhave private connections. The high percentage of rural population served by piped schemes is due to the inadequacy of groundwatersources. Many villages receive potable water through large piped water supply schemes covering many villages - 4 -
with long transmissionlines. Sanitation standards are generally low; the coverage of latrines in rural areas is about 5Z which is higher than the national average of about 3Z. According to informal surveys, improved access to rural water supply and drainage facilities are high developmentpriorities among the rural population. These same surveys consider diarrheal diseases and malaria to be among the main health problems. Provisions for chlorination at the village level are inadequate. Water quality monitoring in the state is above average but laboratoriessuffer from inadequate staffing and equipment.
1.14 Role of Women. Women have the primary responsibilityfor collecting and storingwater for household use in India. Much of the demand for latrd.es in rural areas comes from them. Women are responsible for maintaining latrines inside the household and have the main responsibilityfor family hygiene and sanitation. They also have responsibilityfor waste disposal around the house, i.e., cleaning cowsheds, disposing of cow dung and garbage, sweeping the rooms and courtyards,and cleaning utensils. Thus, there are strong reasons for includingwomen in rural water supply and environmentalsanitation programs. They are already being trained on a small scale to participate in the maintenanceof vil'age hand pumps and are serving on a few pilot village water committees.
C. InstitutionalResponsibilities
1.15 National Level. Implementationof rural water supply and environmentalsanitation programs is the responsibilityof state governments in India. The central governmentplays an important role in setting standards, and providing funds and technical assistance. Responsibilityfor rural water supply and sanitationat the national level is with the Department of Rural Developme't in the Government of India (DRD/GOI). The DRDIGOI operates a fund called the AcceleratedRural Water Supply Program (ARWSP), which provides about 40Z of the total funding for state rural water supply programs during a five year plan period. DRD/GOI also funds a small Central Rural Sanitation Program which has had little if any impact.
1.16 Another central government agency 5nvoived in rural water supply is the Central GroundwaterBoard which is under the Ministry of Water Resources and has responsibilityfor the production of water resource inventoriesand maps, and for the monitoring of ground water levels and rates of depletion. The Ministry of Health supports a number of health education programs, but the prevention of water-relateddiseases has not been a priority during the past decade.
1.1? Maharashtra. There are four agencies concernedwith rural water supply and environmentalsanitation in the states the Department of Rural Development (DRD/GOH)which includes the local government authoritiess"ch as the Zilla Parishads (districtcouncils) and Gram Panchayats (village councils); the MaharashtraWater Supply and Sewerage Board (MWSSB); the Groundwater Survey and DevelopmentAgency (GSDA); and the Department of Public Health (DOPH). The MWSSB is responsiblefor the constructionof water supply schemes costing more than Rs. 300,000. The EngineeringWings of the Zilla Parishadsin each districtare responsiblefor the conœt.ructionof all piped schemescosting less than Rs. 300,000,and the constructionof traditional vells and environmentalsanitation facilities. The Zilla Parishadsare also responsiblefor the maintenanceof large,multi-villaC water supplyschomes and hand pumps. Gram Panchayatsare responsiblefor the maintenanceof individualvillage level piped water supplyschemes, handpumps and for environmentalsanitation. The GSDA is responsiblefor the drillingand constructionof hand pumps and tubewells. The DOPH is responsiblefor health education,environmental sanitation promotion, and water qualitymonitoring. The state'spublic nealth laboratories which are withinDOPH have responsibility,along with the MaharashtraPollution Control Board, for water qualitytesting. 1.18 The MWSSB was establishedin 1976 as an autonomousbody; the Chairmanof the Board is the Ministerof Urban Developmentand its Vice Chairman,the Ministerof State for Rural Development.The Secretary,Urban DevelopmentDepartment and the Secretary,Rural DevelopmentDepartment are among the membersof the Board. The Board is responsiblefor water supplyand sewerageactivities in urban areas (excludingBombay) and for water supp3;in ruralareas. The Member-Secretaryof the Board is the administrativeand technical'iead of the organization.There are three Chief Engineers,one of whom looksafter ruralwater supplyexclusively. The MWSSB has lj,800staff of whom i,800 are engineers.The GSDA is under the administrativecontrol of DRDIGOMand has responsibilityfor groundwatersurveys, exploration and drilling. GSDA has a DeputyEngineer (Mechanical) and DistrictSenior Geologistin every districtin the state.
1.19 Each Zilla Parishadhas an EngineeringWing which consistsof two ExecutiveEngineers (EE). One ER is in chargeof roads and buildings;the other is in chargeof minor irrigationand ruralwater supply. At the block level,the BE in chargeof ruralwater supplyhas underhis supervisionjunior engineerswho have the main field responsibilityfor constructionand maintenance.The Gram Panchayatsdo not have technicalfield personnel; they dependon technicalsupport from the ZillaParishad or the privatesector. The Joint Directorfor HealthServices in the DOPH is responsiblefor health educationand the promotionof environmentalsanitation. At the field level, the Block ExtensionOfficer, Health, Health Assistant (Male) and the MultipurposeWorker (Male)have primaryresponsibility for environmental sanitation.The DistrictExtension Media Officerhas primaryresponsibility for healtheducation at the field level. D. SectoralIssues 1.20 There are a numberof problemsand issuesin the ruralwater supplyand environmentalsanitation sector which need to be addressed. Those in Maharashtraare similarto thoseaffecting the whole country. The main problemsand issuesin the sectorare poor communityparticipation, inadequate operationand maintenance(O&M) of ruralwater supplyscheaes, low levelsof cost recoveryand weak institutionalcoordination. - 6 -
1.21 Community Participation. Community participationis an idea which has received national attention in recent years but has not been fully realized as a developmentconcept. In the national debate on deceatralization,rural water supply and sanitation are two subjects which have been found suitable for loc4l involvementin planning, constructionand O&M. Several states, includingMaharashtra, have recently introduced government policies to give O&M responsibilityto local government for rural water supply. The policy of decentralizationraises such issues as ensuring that the local authoritieshave adequate technical skills to handle the work load and sufficient funds, particularlyfor O&M.
1.22 O&M for Rural Water SupRly. India is one of the few developing countries that h&s made significantefforts to address the hand pump maintenanceproblem. In the 19708,alarming figures of only 25-30Zof pumps in operationwere reported. Thesenumbers have been reversedto an extent where consistentreports of 70-75Zof hand pumps being operationaltoday are the norm. Choiceof technologyhas been an importantfactor in improving maintenance,in particularthe developmentand standardizationof the India Mark II hand pump. Furtherimprovements are expectedwith the introductionof an improvedmodel, the IndiaMark III hand pump. However,as coveragelevels increase,so does the maintenanceburden and the associatedinstitutional and financialdemands. The problemof O&M for piped schemesis more severe, primarilybecause of shortagesof funds,staff time allocationsto dealwith O&M, and the lack of skilledpersonnel. 1.23 One of the main sourcesof maintenanceproblems throughout India is the irregularand fluctuatingsupply of electricitywhich often resultsin damagedelectrical equipment as well as problemswith the water distribution. Other O&M problemsresult from communitieswhich illegallytap into the distributionsystems, and neglectof stracturalmaintenance. In the current transitionstage of handingover responsibilityfor O&M to local authorities, the main issuesinvolve the need for adequatefunding, clarification of the technicaland financialresponsibilities for major and minor repairs,and creationof greaterconsumer awareness of their role in O&M. 1.24 Cost Recovery. In most statesin India,including Maharashtra, cost recoveryfor the OaM of ruralwater supplyschemes is very low. In all of the states,capital investment costs are financedfrom centraland state funds. High capitalcosts, lack of consumeraffordability, poor water supply service,and the notionthat water is a *publicgood' have been used to explainpolitical resistance to more cost recovery. Hand pumps and stand posts,which are water sourcesfor the low incomegroups, have been provided on a grantbasis by centraland stategovernments. Policies for cost recovery applyonly to O&M expendituresfor piped schemes;revenues are collected primarilyfrom privateconnections and industrialand commercialusers. The collectionof water chargesin many statesis undertakenby local government agenciesand not by a centralizedstate water authority. Thus, it is difficultto estimatethe actuallevels of collection.In many cases,such collectionsmay not be pursued. A numberof stateshave undertakena new policywhich encouragesprivate connections in ruralwater supplyschemes (the currentlevel of privateconnections is only about 152) and which encourages local governmentsto financeall of their O&M expendituresfor ruralwater eupplyschemes from their own resources.The issue for cost recoveryis to ensurethat schemesare designedto maximizeprivate and commercial connections,to ensurethat localwater tariffsare sufficientto meet increasingO&M costs,and to preventwater wastage. 1.25 InstitutionalCoordination. The strategyof linkingwater supply, relatedhealth education and environmentalsanitation programs together is based on the objectiveof achievingthe maximumhealth benefits from each investment.These programs,however, are implementedby differentagencies within the state governmentstructure. Ensuring proper coordination among these agenciesis an importantissue. In statessuch as Maharashtra,which have a long traditionof stronglocal government,coordination may be less of a problem. At local governmentlevels in Maharashtra,there are existing systemsof committeeswhich coordinateinter-departmental activities ttnder the authorityof the seniordistrict administrative officer. E. GovernmentPolicies and Programs 1.26 The SeventhFive Year Plan (1985-90)gave high priorityto providingsafe water to villageswhich did not have a protectedwater supply sourcewithin a reasonabledistance. The targetfor the SeventhPlan was 1OOZ coverage:the actualtarget reached was about 95Z. The plan calledfor greaterattention to ensuringthat scheAuledcastes and tribeshad accessto safewater and to involvingcommunit'es and NGOs in the program. Similarto previousplans, the SeventhPlan also discouragedprivate connections for pipedwater supplyschemes in order to providemore equitableservice. The SeventhPlan recognizedthat littlehad been done in the area of rural sanitationand calledfor 25Z coverageof latrineuse among the rural population;the actualcoverage achieved was less than 3Z due to less than anticipatedhousehold demand. 1.27. Under the draft EighthFive Year Plan (1990-95),the government plans to emphasizeconsolidation of ruralwater supplycoverage to improve servicelevels, greater community participation in O&M and improvedwater qualitysurveillance. Priority would continueto be given to thosevillages withoutan adequatenumber of safewater sources. However,more emphasis would be given to increasingthe servicelevels of thosevillages covered with one water sourceunder previousplans, including the designof piped water supplyschemes to provideabove 40 litersper capitaper day (lpcd)with privateconnections. The stateswould be encouragedto seek capital contributionfrom villageswhich desireservice levels beyond 40 lpcd, similar to governmentpolicy for urban areas. The draft plan also establishesthe policythat O&M costsfor piped water supplyschemes should be coveredby the community. - 8 -
1.28 For sanitation,the draft Eighth Plar.;'tld adopt a new strategy of linking health education,sanitation and later supply, and developing a demand based approach to promoting latrine use. The Eighth Plan would also widen the definition of sanltationbeyond latrine use to include the disposal of refuse and waste water, and personal hygiene. Primary responsibilityfor the environmentalsanitation program would be given to the district and village authorities.
1.29 The total expenditurefor rural water supply under the Seventh Plan was Rs.44 billion. The central government contributed40Z; the remainder came from state budgetary sourceswith a small contribution(less than 102) from foreign funding. The central allocationfor rural sanitationwas only Rs.l billion for the five year period. Under the draft Eighth Plan, the governmentplans to increase substantiallyits contributionto the sector. The plan allocation for rural water supply (includingsmall towns with populations less than 20,000) would be increased to Rs.100 billion and for sanitation,increased to Rs.33 billion. The central government'sshare of the allocationwould increase to about 45Z with the reawinder coming from the state budgets and a small contributionfrom foreign financing.
1.30 Maharashtra. The Governmentof Maharashtrahad identified almost 602 of its villages as problem villages under the last two five year plans. Under the Seventh Five Year Plan, targets were set to cover about 20,000 villages or about 85Z of those identifiedas problem villages. During the mid-1980s, the state experiencedthree successiveyears of drought. This resulted in increasedexpenditures for rural water supply under the Seventh Five Year Plan. The original outlay was expected to be about Rs.3.6 billion, but actual expenditureswere Rs.6.6 billion. During the drought period, a number of temporary piped water supply schemeswere constructedwhich need to be replacedwith permanent systems. In addition, the sources for some schemes failed and, thus, needed to be relocated. The state made only minimal attempts to promote latrine usage in rural areas during the Seventh Plan.
1.31 The rural water supply and environmentalsanitation policies and strategies in th. Maharashtra draft Eighth Five Year Plan largely follow those of the central government. Priority will be given to villages which have not been previously provided with adequate safe water sources. The Government of Maharashtra has changed the criteria for distance from source, however, from 1.6 km to 0.5 km (paragraph1.05). Recognizingthe growing demand for house connections in rural areas, piped water supply schemes would be designed to allow for service levels up to 70 lpcd. The state's program for environmentalsanitation and relatedhealth educationwould focus largely on the ten districts covered under the project and 3 districts covered under a similar project being financed by ODA (paragraph1.32). The proposed allocationfor rural water supply in Maharashtra'sdraft Eighth Five Year Plan is expected to be about Rs. 9 billion, includingthe contributionfrom the central government. The Bank-financedproject would represent about 202 of the state's overall investmentprogram in rural water supply. It is estimated that the Bank-financedproject would cover about 602 of the rural water supply - 9 -
investment program in the ten districtswhich are included in the project during the Eighth Five Year Plan.
F. External Financing of Rural Water Supply & EnvironmentalSanitation
1.32 UNICEF, DANIDA, the Netherlands,UNDP, SIDA, ODA, KFW and EEC are all donors which have assisted the developmentof rural water supply in India. UNICEF has been the most influentialthrough its assistance for the developmentof the India Mark II hand pump and its maintenance system, and a tubewell drilling program. Further research and developmentof the India Mark II has resulted in an improved model, the India Mark III, which has been developed by UNDP/World Bank Water Decade Program together with UNICEF. The amount of financingmade availableby these donors, however, has been fairly small in terms of the overall investmentprogram in the country. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on linking rural water supply, sanitationand health education programs in India, particularlyin the development assistance programs of DANIDA and the Netherlands. Their pioneering efforts in promoting this linkage strategy has influencedboth central and state government policies. ODA has recently approved a rural water supply and environmentalsanitation project in three districts in Maharashtra. DRDIGOM is coordinatingthe preparationand implementationof the two projects which are in separate districts but which have similar objectives and will be utilizing some of the same institutions. All of these donors remain active in the sector and the Bank is working with them to share experiences in developing this linkage strategy on a larger scale.
1.33 While it is too soon to fully evaluate the impact of the projects which the DANIDA and the Netherlandsare assisting,the lessons learned from their implementationwould be incorporatedinto the proposed Bank-financed project. These lessons include: a) the necessity of bri.ngingsocial scientists together with engineers to strengthen the communityparticipation and poverty objectives;b) the importance of adequate mapping of social groups in the design of water supply schemes; c) the need for close liaison with local government leaders; and d) the need for close involvementof NGOs in project planning and implementation.
G. Previous Bank Experience
1.34 The Bank has not had any previous experience in India in implementinga project which combines rural water supply, health education and environmentalsanitation in one investmentpackage; nor has it financed any free standing rural water supply projects in India. The Bank has financed seven projects with rural water supply components. Six of these were water supply and sewerage projects in six individual states: Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. The seventh project was the Second Haryana Irrigation Project. Two agricultureprojects which have recently been approved contain rural water supply components: Tamil Nadu Agriculture Developmentand Andhra Pradesh Cyclone Rehabilitation. Of the seven projects, the Maharashtra,Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh projects have - 10 -
been completed and Project PerformanceAudit Reports have been prepared.2/ In these seven projects, the Bank financed different types of technologies including traditionalwells, hand pumps, and piped schemes.
1.35 In the Kerala and Gujarat Projects, the Bank has financed a small component for rural low cost sanitation. In the Gujarat Project, the low cost sanitationcomponent has recently been given to NGOs for implementation. The NGOs are combining health educationand motivation campaignswith the promotion of low cost sanitation. This program is relativelynew but early indicationsare that it has exceeded its targets for installing latrines in rural areas.
1.36 For all three projects in Maharashtra,Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, the Bank was working with newly establishedagencies. In the Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh projects, major institutionalchanges were included as part of the design. In both cases, it was found that the institutionalobjectives were overly ambitiousand, thus, were not achieved. Financial objectives for urban and rural areas were also not met. Local authoritieswere unwilling to collectwater charges and, thus, O&M suffered. The Rajasthan project underwent a major restructuringdue to a serious drought; resourceswere shifted from urban to rural areas. Physical targets were achieved in both projects. Both projects required an extension of the closing date. Implementationdelays were due to administrativeproblems in both projects and to restructuringof the Rajasthan project. Lack of counterpartfunding was also a problem in the Rajasthan project.
1.37 For the Maharashtra project, price inflation,design modifications and initial implementationdelays resulted in substantialcost overruns. The project required a one year extension of the closing date but was fully disbursed one year after the original closing date. The project had difficultieswith inadequate preparationand land acquisitionwhich resulted in implementationdelays and cost overruns. Institutionalstrengthening was not a problem in the Maharashtra project; the Audit report referred to MWSSB as a strong and competent agency. Its overall financialperformance was also satisfactory,although problems occurred with the benefiting municipalities which failed to increase tariffs.
1.38 The main lessons learned from these projects are: (a) adequate project preparation before appraisal, includingdetailed engineeringdesigns, is essential; (b) financial and institutionalstrengthening targets need to be more reAlistic; (c) the number of contracts should be reduced to simplify the procurr art process; (d) to achieve improvementsin constructionquality, contrar s should be prequalifiedand constructionsupervision should be monitored (e) adequate funds for O&M must be provided; (f) NGOs can play an
21 MaharashtraWater Supply & Sewerage Project, PPAR Report No. 7202, March 1988; Rajasthan Water Supply & Sewerage Project, PPAR Report No. 8090, September 1989; and Uttar Pradesh Water Supply & Sewerage Project, PPAR Report. No. 6242, Jvr 1986. - 11 -
important role in promoting low cost sanitation and hygiene education; and (g) adequate counterpart funding is imperative. The lessons learned from these projects have been incorporatedinto the proposed project.
H. Rationale for IDA Involvement
1.39 IDA support for the proposed project would assist Maharashtra in giving higher priority to environmentalsanitation and promoting increased investment in rural water supply, environmentalsanitation facilities and related health communicationsprograms. IDA involvementis likely to strengthen the state government'semphasis on cost recovery for O&H and communityparticipation. It would encouragemore NGO involvementin the sector through their involvementin project planning and implementation. Improved engineeringdesign standardswould result in better distributionof water to meet the communities'needs.
1.40 The project would improve the health and productivityof the rural poor in Maharashtra. Women, in particular,would benefit from the project through improved access to domestic water supply sources. This, in turn, would give them more time to participatein economicallyproductive activities. It would im at providing replicablemodels for investmentsin combined rural water supply, health communicationsand environmental sanitation programs elsewhere. Although other donors are involved in the sector, the scale of their financialinvestment is small. IDA involvement would provide additional support to strengthenappropriate policies, strategies,design standardsand institutions at the state level.
II. THE PROJECT
A. Origins
2.01 The DRDIGOI prepared guidelines for the Eighth Five-Year Plan in 1988 which placed much greater emphasis than previous plans on linking rural water supply, health education and environmentalsanitation. During this same period, the IDA prepared a strategy paper for the sector. Essentially,the strategy comprised five main elements. These were: (a) improved cost recovery performance for rural water supply and strengtheningof the institutionalcapacity to carry out O&M; (b) strengtheningof the resource mobilizationcapacity of local government; (c) improvementsin the coordinationamong government agencies to achieve an integrationof water supply and environmentalsanitation programs; (d) strengtheningof community participation;and (e) promoting private sector involvementin the sector.
2.02 The state of Maharashtrawas selected for this project because: (a) it has serious water supply problems in rural areas; (b) the state government has given priority to developing environmentalsanitation and health communicationsstrategies; (c) it has a strong local government and NGO base for developing successful communityparticipation approaches; and (d) the state government is willing to enforce its cost recovery policies. An - 12 -
identificationmission visited Maharashtra in r'srch1989. There were three preparationmissions and the project was appraised in October-November1990. Negotiationswere carried out in February/March1991.
B. Area To Be Served
2.03 Geology, Hydrology and Water Resources. More than 901 of the total area of Maharashtra consists of hard rock formations. The remaining areas consist of sedimentaryrocks and of unconsolidatedalluvium, the latter along the Purna and Tapi valleys. Rainfall in the state is of uneven distributionand is erratic in frequency. The western areas have a very heavy rainfall ranging from 5000 to 7000 mm. A rain shadow area follows in the central region where rainfall ranges betwveen400 to 700 mm. This area is chronicallydrought prone. Moderate rainfall of 750 to 1000 mm is available in the eastern parts of the state.
2.04 Most of the project area lies within the low rainfall and hard rock zones of the state. Groundwateravailability in these areas is limited by both the low rainfall and the low porosity of the hard rock formations which are also regularly dissectedby impermeabledikes and traps, thus preventing the movement of groundwater. Where groundwatersources have been developed, there has been widespread mining whereby extraction exceeds the natural aquifer recharge. As a result,many wells have gone dry. Recently, the Government of Maharashtra has been enforcingmore strictly regulations which require permits for the constructionof new wells.
2.05 Although relatively small quantities of water are required for domestic rural water supply, drought and soil conditions do not allow the use of groundwater in most of the water supply schemes included in this project. Therefore, surface water, mainly from irrigation schemes,will be used for regionalwater supply schemes servicinga large number of villages.
2.06 Population. The current population of Maharashtra is about 75 million. About 60Z of the total population live in rural areas. Within the rural population, about 20? are scheduled castes and tribes,which are generally among the poorest groups in society. The rural population in the project area is about 17.5 million, of which 17? are scheduledcastes and tribes. About 40? of the rural population in the project area are below the poverty line. The average size of population in the villages included in the project area is about 1,500. A number of villages, however, are rural growth centers with populationsabove 10,000.
2.07 Ten Districts. Ten districtswere selected to be included in the proposed project, although other districtsmay be added if mutually agreed between the Association and the Government. They were selected on the basis of government criteria which indicatedtheir acute drinking water problems (paragraph2.09). Eight of the districts have been declared drought prone by the state government: Ahmednagar,Aurangabad, Beed, Buldhana, Latur, Pune, Sangli and Satara. Two are designated as tribal districts, Chandrapur and Thane, in which the scheduledcaste and tribal population is 30-40Z. These - 13 -
districts are affected by the poor quality of groundwaterdue to salinity, excessive fluorides and other problems. The main water-relateddiseases in these ten districts are cholera, gastroenteritis,hepatitis, typhoid, malaria, dysentery, guinea worm, scabies and common diarrhea. There are a total of 13,191 villages (1981 census) in the ten districts,of which 142 have a population above 2,000.
C. Objectives
2.08 The main objectives of the project are to raise the standard of living in rural areas through improved health and productivity,by expanding access to potable rural water supply systems and environmentalsanitation facilities. The project would also develop replicablemodels for coordinating water, environmentalsanitation and health communicationsprograms elsewhere and strengthen the institutionalcapacity to promote improved environmental sanitation. The improvementof health and productivitywould be achieved through the followingmeasures:
(a) more equitable distributionof safe water through improved design standards, taking into account residentialpatterns, and community involvement,particularly of the rural poor, in the identification of schemes and the siting of stand posts and hand pumps;
(b) improved reliabilityof water supply and drainage schemes through an upgrading of skills of the community and government officials at the local level, clarificationof responsibilitiesfor O&H, improved cost recovery for O&H to provide adequate funding and increased involvementof the community in maintenance;
(c) increased public and private investment in environmental sanitation through programs to increase latrine usage, the provision of small scale drains and improved solid waste management; and
(d) greater community awareness of the causes of water-relatedhealth problems and the need for a cleaner environmentthrough a health communicationsprogram targeted mainly toward women, adolescents, and children.
D. Selection Criteria, Service Standards and Population Coverage
2.09 For the rural water supply component, the selection of villages to be included in the project would be on the basis of criteria establishedby Government of Maharashtra for identifyingthose with the most seriouswater supply problems. The Government of Maharashtra criteria for identifying priority villages include a maximum distance of house to water source of 0.5 km, depth of water source exceeding 15 meters, groundwatercontaminates such as excessive salinity, iron, fluoride and other toxic elements and villages with endemic diseases such as cholera and guinea worm. Piped schemes are selected for areas where hand pumps are not feasible. Conditionswhere piped - 14 -
schemes are required includes (a) where hand pumps have failed permanentlyor for several months during the dry season; (b) where groundwateris polluted or the yield from hand pumps is poor; (c) where population growth has resulted in piped schemes being the least cost solution. The Zilla Parishads (district governments)are also involved in the selectionprocess in terms of identifyingtheir priority villages within the governmentcriteria.
2.10 The rural water supply schemes selected for inclusion in the project are based on agreed design criteria which are shown in Annex 1. These criteria include the protection of electrical equipmentagainst power fluctuationsby special devices; the schemes are also designed to cope with limited power supply times. These criteriawould be applied by the MWSSB which has primary responsibilityfor the design of the piped water supply schemes. The Associationhas appraised in detail eighteen large and forty- five small rural water supply schemes in the ten districts. These schemes represent the first two years of the investmentprogram for which detailed designs have been prepared. These schemeswould serve as prototypes for the project. The agreed criteria will also be used for designing the remaining rural water supply schemes to be financed under the project. During negotiations,an agreementwas reached that water supply schemes to be carried out under the project would be designed in accordancewith criteria satisfactoryto the Association. Consultantshave already begun preparation of the designs for the remaining schemes. These designs would be completed during the first year of the project. The Associationwould review the detailed engineeringdesigns of all the remaining regional schemes and a sample of the small piped water supply schemes to review their suitabilityfor inclusion in the project.
2.11 The rural water supply component is expected to cover 1,100 villages, of which about 660 villages or 602 would be covered by piped schemes and the remainderby hand pumps. Hand pumps will be provided on the basis of one for every 150 population. The total population covered by hand pumps is estimated at 450,000. For the piped water supply schemeb. present and projected population,water supply service standards,and projectedwater demand for the various rural water supply schemes for the first two years are contained in Annex 1. The total populationserved is estimated at 655,000. Population projectionshave been made in accordancewith populationgrowth rates in the past years. At present about 90Z of the populationcovered during the first two years are using water sources which may be polluted, dry up during the dry season, or may not be situatedwithin a convenientdistance. With the project, almost the entire populationcovered by piped schemeswill have access to safe water supply, either through public stand post (an average of 65Z) or house connections (an average of 35X). The future water demand is based on a projected consumptionof 40 lpcd for public stand posts and 70 lpcd for house connections. - 15 -
2.12 The environmentalsanitation componentwould be implemented in about 2,100 villages covering a total population of about 4.6 million. These villages would be selected on the basis of their having access to piped water supply schemes and would have populationsabove 1,000. This would include the villages covered under the rural water supply component as well as other villages in the district which have piped water supply. Adequate water supply is required to promote latrine usage; the additionalwater provided through piped schemes often results in related environmentalsanitation problems such as inadequatedrainage. The health communicationscomponent would be implementedinitially in the same villages as those selected fir the environmentalsanitation program. Following a mid-term evaluation,the program may be extended to the remaining20 districts in the state. During negotiations,agreement was reached that Maharashtrawould furnish to the Association for review by December 31 of each y3ar, beginning December 31, 1991, an annual action program for the followingyear for investmentsin rural water supply, environmentalsanitation, health education, training and technicalassistance under the project, and the status of land acquisition required for these investments.
2.13 The lessons learned from ongoing Bank-financedprojects (paragraph 1.38) have been incorporatedinto the proposed project as follows:
Lessons Learned Proposed Project
adequate preparation detailed engineering designs were completed for the first two years of constructionas part of preparation
realistic financial targets encouragingprivate connections and setting tariffs to cover O&H
simplifiedprocurement large packages of civil works contracts
improved constructionquality prequalificationof contractors and constructionsupervision monitoring
role for NGOs involvementof NGOs in the planning and implementationof the environmentalsanitation and health education components
E. Description of Components
2.14 Rural Water Supply (Base Costs US$86.1 million). The rural water supply component is the largest in terms of investment costs, and would be about 702 of the total project costs. The component is expected to include a total of about 75 regional piped water supply schemes and about 170 small individualschemes. During the first two years of implementation, - 16 -
constructionwould begin on 18 regional piped schemes covering 225 villages and 45 individualpiped schemes. The componentwould also include a progream to install 3,000 India Mark III hand pumps (see paragraph 1.32). The hand pump program would include drilling, installationof 1,700 new pumps, rejuvenationof existing wells through hydrofracturingand the replacementof 1,300 India Mark II hand pumps which are beyond repair.
2.15 A pilot scheme would be undertaken in eight drought prone villages to develop groundwaterusing unconventionalmethods such as rainwater harvesting, artificialrecharge and conservation. A leak detection survey and leak repair works would be undertaken as part of this component for existing systems. In &,dditionto civil works contracts,items to be financed would include drilling rigs and hydrofracturingequipment, geophysical survey instruments,hand pumps and other miscellaneousequipment, and incremental staff salaries. Consultantswould be employed to undertake the leak detection survey and to prepare detailed engineeringdesigns for the remaining piped water supply schemes.
2.16 The piped schemes range in size from one village serving a design population of 1,000-2,000to large, regional schemes covering up to 24 villages and serving a design population of over 85,000. Water sources for thesa schemes are from percolationwells, minor irrigationdams, river intakes, Bombay and Pune Municipal Corporation water mains, and municipal reservoirs. Water abstraction permits for surface water schemes have been received for schemes being constructed during the first -;woyears of the project. Problems are not expected for the remaining schemes because the Government of Maharashtrahas a policy of giving priority to the supply of drinking water over irrigationneeds. Permits for the abstraction of water from the Bombay and Pune Municipal Corporationsraw water mains are available. During negotiations,agreement was reached that Maharashtrawould ensure that all the water extractionpermits itnrespect of surfacewater supply schemes to be constructedunder the project are issued by its Departmentof Irrigabionin a timely manner.
2.17 There are about 14 existing irrigationdams which will be used for water abstraction for the water supply schemes during the first two years of construction. These dams are regularly (pre- and post-monsoon)inspected by the Maharashtra Dam Inspectionand Safety Service. Inspectionprocedures and items to be inspected are laid down in regulationswhich are satisfactoryto the Association. The MWSSB has received an inspectioncertificate which confirms that the 14 dams are inspected twice a year and that the dams are structurally sound and safe. Dam safety is not expected to be an environmental issue. During negotiations, agreement was reached that Maharashtrawould ensure regular inspectionand evaluation of the dams in accordancewith sound engineeringpractices.
2.18 EnvironmentalSanitation (Base Costs US$9.3 million). Because of the low levels of existing environmentalsanitation facilities, the low demand relative to water supply and the low unit cost, this componentwould be small in terms of investmentcosts. Combined with the health communicazions component,it would have the objective of developingnew strategiesto - 17 -
increase demand and usage, and to implement those strategies through innovativeprograms in a flexible manner to allow the implementingagencies to adjust the program on the basis of lessons learned during implementation. The broad parameters and institutionalresponsibility for the strategieshave been agreed with GOM. The strategieswould set out action plans for the project implementationperiod. This componentwould include small scale surface drains for sullage, soak pits, individual latrines and street bins.
2.19 With the constructionof piped water supply schemes, the disposal of waste water will become an increasingproblem in the villages covered undir the water supply component. The majority of villages in Maharashtra do not have public drainage systems. In places where drainage systems have been constructed,adequate maintenance is not carried out. In many villages, an acceptable alternativeto sullage drains is the constructionof soak pits by private households. Soak pits have been used, however, only on a limited scale. To address the waste water problems in this project, the DRDIGOM has undertakenmeasures to promote the use of soak pits in villages covered by piped water supply. Householdswishing to take private connectionswill be required to construct soak pits at their own expense. The promotion of soak pits and ensuring community involvementin their maintenancewould be undertaken as part of the health communicationsprogram of the DOPH.
2.20 The constructionof surface drains to carry sullagewill be undertaken in all villages with design populationsover 10,000 and in selected villages with populations over 5,000 in which the soil conditions or population congestion preclude the use of soak pits. The drainage systems would include main line drains, branch lines in by-lanes, cross drains and disposal pits. The drainage systems would be financed on a cost sharing basis between the state (50Z) and the Zilla Parishads (502). The participating villages would be required by GOM to pass a resolution indicating their willingness to provide the contributionto capital costs and assume full financial and administrativeresponsibility for maintenance (Annex 10).
2.21 Although the twin pit, pour flush latrine has been in wide spread use in India for some time, the GOM has not previously undertaken a si&A1ficantprogram to promote its use in rural area. In most parts of the state, this low cost model is virtually unknown. The only option for a rural household wishing to install a latrine is a much more expensive septic tank model. Thus, the main objectives of this subcomponentis to ensure that the market mechanism is in place in all ten districts for individualsto purchase a low cost latrine and to ensure that sufficientmasonuv are trained to provide quality control over construction. The subcomponentv-ould in3tall on a demand basis low cost latrines iA villages with piped water supply schlemes.First priority would go to villages with populationsabove 1,000 which are receiving piped water supply schemes under the project. Second priority would go to other villages in the districtswith populationsover 1,000 wh-4chhave existing piped water supply schemes.
2.22 Because of the low demand for latrines in Maharashtra (paragraph 1.13), there is a need to motivate households to adopt the use of low cost models. This motivation would be provided through a health communications - 18 -
campaign and through subsidiesprovided by GOM and the Zilla Parishads (Annex 1). The latrines would be constructedby force account with the owners contributingthrough labor, cash or in kind. The GOM and Zilla Parishads would provide a subsidy which would be administeredby the Zilla Parishad.
2.23 Refuse bins for solid waste removal would be provided as an incentiveprogram to the large villages in which drainage schemes have been constructedand where 50Z of the householdshave adopted low cost latrines. The bins would be provided by the state governmentwith a 10? contribution toward the cost from the Zilla Parishad. Pilot schemeswould also be undertaken as part of this component to try out innovativesolutions to promoting environmentalsanitation including demonstrationsof new or modified technologies. Incentive schemes would be introducedto reward villages, blocks or districtswhich maintain a clean environment and which maintain their water supply systems. The project would finance the developmentand implementationof an environmentalsanitation strategy. During negotiations, agreementwas reached that Maharashtrawould prepare and furnish to the Association,no later than May 31, 1992, a report on its strategy on environmentalsanitation to be carried out under the Project, and implement such elements of this strategy as would be agreed upon between Haharashtra and the Association. The strategy and pilot schemeswould also be reviewed as part of the annual action plan.
2.24 Because this is a new program for the state government,the first year would consist of the developmentof strategiesfor promoting demand, delivery, and maintenance of drainage systems and latrines. The promotion of latrine use would be through a demand-basedstrategy with the private sector having a key role in the manufacturingand delivery of low cost sanitation. NGOs would also have a major role in promoting latrine usage, implementation of the incentive schemes, and in organizingvillage water and sanitation committees. Strategieswould also be required for ensuring the maintenance of drainage systems and soak pits. Consultantswill be employed to assist the implementingagencies in developingthe strategiesand preparing an action plan for implentingthe strategiesthrough innovativeprograms. A joint GOM- NGO Task Force has also been establishedto identify the role of NGOs in this component and to implement the NGO program throughoutthe project implementationperiod.
2.25 Health CommunicationsProgram (Base Cost US$5.2 million). Although this component is the smallest in terms of investmentcosts, it constitutesone of the most important activitiesrequired to meet the project objective of improvinghealth conditions. Sanitation-relatedinformation campaigns in rural areas in the past have been largely unsuccessful. Although the sanitationmessages are simple and basic, for populationswith low levels of literacy and education,they can be consideredoffensive or even incomprehensible,if the messages are framed in scientificterms. Thus, the delivery and effectivenessof the message is often hampered by the negative perceptionsof those targeted for behavioralchange.
2.26 This component has four main objectives. Its first objective is to create greater community awarenessand demand in the followingareas: - 19 -
(a) personal and family hygiene; (b) promotion of latrine usage; (c) consumer awareness of the requirementsand importanceof O&H of water supply schemes; and (d) community awareness of their responsibilityfor and the importanceof the maintenance of drains and soak pits.
2.27 To achieve this objective, this componenthas a second and third objective related to the responsibilitiesand orientationof the DOPH staff in the ten districts. The DOPH has identifiedthree field level staff who will play a key role during implementationof the project: District Extension and Media Officer (DEMO), Block Extension Officer, Health (BEOH) and the MultipurposeWorker (Male) (MPW(M)). The second objectivewould be to redefine the job descriptionsand responsibilitiesof these three positions to give them a greater role in promotinigenvironmental sanitation and related health education. The third objectiveof this componentwould be to create greater awareness of water related and environmentalsanitation problems among health personnel through.revised training curriculum.
2.28 The fourth objective is to strengthenthe water quality monitoring system in rural areas. This would include the strengtheningof the staff and facilities of the state, regional and district Public Health Laboratories (PHL) in all 30 districts in the state. The BEOH and MPW(M) would have responsibilityfor monitoringwater quality and would assist the PBLs in collecting samples. They would be przvided with sample kits for that purpose. The Zilla Parishadswould be required to purchase bleaching powder and ensure that water systems under their control are properly chlorinated.
2.29 As part of project preparation,consultants have completedbase line surveys of individual and communitywater related and sanitation practices. Additional consultantswould be employed to develop a health education strategy and prepare prototype messages during the first year of the project. During negotiations,agreement was reached that Maharashtrawould prepare and furnish to the Association,no later than May 31, 1992, a report on its strategy on health educationprograms to be carried out under the project, and would implement such elements of this strategy as would be agreed upon between Maharashtra and the Association.
2.30 The componentwould include investmentsin the strengtheningof the State Health Education Bureau through provision of a new office building, equipment,health educationmaterials, audio visual equipment and vehicles, and strengtheningof PHLs through the provision of equipment,materials and vehicles, the employmentof consultantsand incrementalstaff salaries.
2.31 InstitutionalStrengthening (Base Cost US$5.4 million). This component consists of four main subcomponentst(a) project management, (b) community participation,(c) the strengtheningof MWSSB, the Zilla Parishads, GSDA and DRD/GOM, and (d) training. Project Management includes the employment of consultantsto support the Project Planning and Monitoring Unit (PPMU) (see paragraph 3.16). These consultantswould be employed for monitoring constructionsuper-ision, the environmentalsanitation and health education components and the training programs. Community participation involves the hiring of NGOs to undertake implementationof aspects of the - 20 -
environmentalsanitation and health communicationcomponents. The strengtheningof MWSSB, Zilla Parishads, GSDA and DRDIGCMwould be through the provision of office buildings,equipment and materials.
2.32 The training component of tL- project would cover personnel from MWSSB, Zilla Parishad EngineeringWi..s, GSDA, DOPH and DRD/GOM. Non- governmentalpersonnel trained under the project would include village mechanics,village masons, dais, mahila mandals and NGOs (see Annex 1). The detailed planning of the training componentwould not be completed until agreement has been reached on the strategies for the environmentalsanitation and health communicationscomponents. To ensure that the training component is carried out in a satisfactorymanner, the PPMU would be given responsibilityfor assisting in the developmentof the overall training plan. The annual training plan for the project would be reviewed as part of the annual action plan (see paragraph 2.12).
2.33 The training component for MWSSB/Zilla Parishad engineerswould include strengtheningthe MWSSB training center at Nasik. Mobile training units would be introducedat the Nasik center to provide training for operating staff in remote places. Specific orientationand in-service courses would be provided for executive,deputy and junior engineers. Other courses would be offered for strengtheningOVX of water supply systems and training in sanitationand social awareness. Training for O&M would include pump operators,electricians, fitters, and hand pump mechanics. Overseas training would be provided to senior engineers from MWSSB to give them exposure to current engineeringand managementpractices in other countries. MWSSB has also carried out project-relatedorientation workshops for government personnel in the ten districts.
2.34 The main ags9ry responsibilityfor developingthe curriculumand training program for DOPF ivouldbe the Public Health Institute in Nagpur. The pre-service and in-servicetraining of the BEOH, MPW(M) and MPW(F) would be revised to cover water-reluatedsubjects and health education. The District Training Teams in DOPH wouid4be responsiblefor intr ducing revised curriculum into the existing training program of field staff to emphasizewater-related and sanitationsubjects. !n.ject orientationcourses would be carried out for DOPH staff and non-governmeintalpersons at the village level. NGOs would be employed to assist in the tr*iiningof the BEOH and MPW(M). Field study visits both within India and abroa' *ould be included for DOPH and GSDA staff. Key staff of the PPMU would be given project management training. - 21 -
III. PROJECT COSTS, FINANCING AND IMPLEMENTATION
A. Costs and Financins
3.01 The total cost of the project, including duties and taxes, is estimated at Rs.3,195.8 million or US$140.7 million equivalent. The total base cost is estimated at Rs.2,261.2 million or US$127.0 million. The total project cost, net of duties and taxes, would be US$127.8 million. The estimated costs by project component are summarized in Tables 3.1. Detailed costs are presented in Annex 3.
Table 3.1: Proiect Cost Estimates
Z of --- Rupee (Million) ------US$ (Million) --- Base Component Local Foreign Total Local Foreign Total Costs
WATER SUPPL.YSCHEMES: Phase 1 Village WS 25.08 4.59 29.67 1.41 0.26 1.67 1.31 Regional WS 312.81 62.39 375.20 17.57 3.51 21.08 16.59 Phase 2 WS Schemes 773.70 151.11 924.81 43.47 8.49 51.96 40.90 GSDA Works & Equip. 70.77 16.05 86.82 3.98 0.90 4.88 3.84 Leakage Repair Works 20.00 5.00 25.00 1.12 0.28 1.40 1.11 SANITATION PROGRAM 158.65 8.35 167.00 8.91 0.47 9.38 7.39 PROJECT SUPPORTs Scheme Designs 5.21 0.29 5.50 0.29 0.02 0.31 0.24 Project Management Unit 13.50 0.30 13.80 0.76 0.02 0.78 0.61 PMU Superv. Monitoring 9.50 0.50 10.00 0.53 0.03 0.56 0.44 INSTITUTION BUILDING: Training & Mat./Equip. 27.03 14.47 41.50 1.52 0.81 2.33 1.84 Comunity Participation 9.00 - 9.00 0.51 0.00 0.51 0.40 MWSSB/ZILLA P/GSDA/RDD 34.70 10.30 45.00 1.95 0.58 2.53 1.99 HEALTH EDUCATION 82.80 9.10 91.90 4.65 0.51 5.16 4.06 OTHER CONSULT. SERVICES: Leak Detection Survey 10.80 2.80 13.60 0.61 0.16 0.76 0.60 ZP/GSDA/DOPH INCR STAFF 68.50 12.10 &0.60 3.85 0.68 4.53 3.56 MWSSB ENGINEERING COST 210.10 37.10 247.20 11.80 2.08 13.89 10.93 LAND ACQUISITION 4.10 - 4.10 0.23 - 0.23 0.18 RETROACTIVE FINANCING: Civil Works,Mat/Equip. 63.10 13.20 76.30 3.54 0.74 4.29 3.37 Consultants 13.49 0.71 14.20 0.76 0.04 0.80 0.63
Base Costs 1912.84 348.36 2261.20 107.46 19.57 127.03 100.00
Contingencies 738.85 195.77 934.62 9.35 4.37 1373 11.00
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS 2651.69 544.13 3195.82 116.82 23.94 140.76 111.00 - 22 -
3.02 Base Costs and Contingencies.Base costs are expressedin end 1990 prices. Civilworks costs are based on standardlists of works and materialswhich are revisedannually. Equipmentcosts are based on detailed lists and on pricesof similarimported or locallyavailable items. Costs of foreignand local expertswere estimatedon the basis of recentexperience in India. Consumablematerial costs are based on GOI estimatesand reflect currentprices. Physicalcontingencies are US$9.omillion or 6.42 of total costs. Price contingenciesare US$4.7million or 3.32 of total costs. These contingenciesare estimatedon the basis of the implementationschedule, expectedannual price increases, and expectedexchange rates as follows: a) local inflationrates of 8.4Z in 1990, 7.02 in 1991 and 1992, 6.6Z in 1993, 6.5Z in 1994 and 1995, 6.22 in 1996 and 6.02 in 1997;and b) foreigninflation ratesof 3.62 for 1990 through1997. Total contingenciesrepresent 9.8Z of USS base costs,or 29.32 of Rs. base costs. Directand indirectforeign exchangecosts are estimatedat aboutRs.544.1 million (U6$23.9 million equivalent). 3.03 Taxes and Duties. Identifiabletaxes and dutiesare estimatedat aboutRs.291.5 million (US$12.9million equivalent). 3.04 An IDA Creditof US$109.9million equivalent would finance862 of the estimatedtotal costs of aboutUS$127.8 million, net of taxes and duties. B. Statusof ProjectPreparation
3.05 The appraisalmission has revieweddetailed engineering designs for 18 large regionalpiped water supplyschemes end 45 smallpiped water supplyschemes and foundthem satisfactory.Draft bid documentshave been approvedand bid packagingwas agreedduring the appraisalmission. Consultantsare preparingthe detaileddesigns for all remainingwater supply schemes. These designsshould be completedduring the firstyear of the project. Consultantshave completeda villagehealth and sanitationsurvey which has providedbasic data for the environmentalsanitation and health comunuicationscomponents. Health communications consultants are being employedto assistin the preparationof the strategypapers for environmental sanitationand healtheducation and to developthe prototypemessages for the healthcommunications component. Workshops have been held with NGOs to developwith them a mutuallyagreed role and a jointGOM-NMO Task Forcehas been establishedto developand implementa communityparticipation action plan, includingthe role of NGOs. Projectcoordination committees have been establishedat the stateand districtlevels with all the relevantgovernment agenciesrepresented. There are NGOs representedon all of these committees. 3.06 ProiectManagement. The ProjectDirector who heads the PPMU has been identifiedand would be appointedalong with key stafffor Credit Effectiveness. 3.07 Designand construction.Detailed engineering designs for the firsttwo years have been completedfor 63 schemes(182 of total base costs) and the prequalificationprocess has been completed.Consultants have been employedto begin detaileddesigns for the remainingwater supplyschemes. - 23 -
3.08 Equipment, vehicle and materials. Lists have been prepared and were reviewed during appraisal.
3.09 Terms of Reference for Consultants. Terms of Reference for consultantsto prepare the health communicationsmessages were approved during appraisal and Terms of Reference for consultantsto assist the PPMU were approved during negotiations.
3.10 Land Acquisition. Land will be required for head works, water works, pumping stations and balance and service reservoirs. Since the schemes are relatively small, only small pieces of land are required in each particular case. The required land belongs either to the GOM or GOI or is privately owned. Land belonging to GOM is managed by the Gram Panchayats. MWSSB has received letters from the Gram Panchayats confirming the land availability.
3.11 There are 18 regional and 45 village water schemes which will be constructedduring the first two years of the project. These schemeswould require about 350 small sites. For all of these small sites, land acquisition procedures have advanced to the stage where constructioncould begin in a timely manner, with the exception of two schemes.
3.12 In two cases. small pieces of land (about 1.5 ha each) are required from GOI for the constructionof head works and waterworks on forest land. The application for obtaininga permit is in progress. During negotiations,an understandingwas reached that the clearance from GOI would be expedited and that constructionfor these two schemes would not begin until such clearance had been obtained. Should there be a delay in receivingGOI clearance, these two schemes would be replaced by other suitable schemes and, thus, project implementationwould not be adversely affected.
C. Project Management
3.13 Project Organizationand Management. The main responsibilityfor ensuring that the project is implementedaccording to agreed criteria would be the DRD/GOM, through its role as lead agezicy,and the MWSSB, through its responsibilityfor engineeringdesign and constructionsupervision. Program coordinationwould be managed through state and district level, inter-agency committees. A Project Planning and Monitoring Unit (PPMU)would be establishedin DRD/GOM to assist in project implementation. Procurementwould be the responsibilityof each implenting agency; the PPMU would have responsibilityfor procurementmonitoring.
3.14 At the state level, the implementingagencies are the DRD/GOM, MWSSB, GSDA and the DOPH. The main implementingagency would be the DRD/GOM. The Secretary, DRD/GOM would chair a Steering Committeewith responsibility for inter-agencycoordination. MWSSB would have responsibilityfor the design and constructionof the piped water supply schemes. The GSDA would have responsibilityfor borewell drilling, installationof hand pumps, and hydrofracturingprograms. The DOPH would be responsiblefor the health communicationsprogram, promotion of improved environmentalsanitation - 24 -
facilities and water quality testing. The GOM is currently reviewing the organizationand responsibilitiesof MWSSB. During negotiations,an understandingwas reached that the Government of Maharashtrawould inform IDA about any proposed changes in the organizationalstructure of the MWSSB which would have a material effect on the implementationof the project.
3.15 The state-levelProject Steering Committeewould be responsible for the overall direcrion of the rural water supply and environmental sanitationprograms. It would support inter-departmentalcoordination and monitor the quality and progress of the project. The Steering Committeewould have the authority to assemble the representativesof all the implementing agencies as well as NGOs which have been selected as members of the district coordinationcommittees.
3.16 A Director would head the PPMU which would be under the Secretary, DRD/GOM and would be staffed by government officers and consultants. The PPMU would be establishedand key staff (Director,Chief Engineer, Training Officer, Accounts Officer, and Assistant Secretary) appointed for Credit Effectiveness. During negotiations,agreement was reached that in order to assist the PPHU in implementationof the project, Maharashtrawould employ consultantsfor the followingactivities:
Ci) evaluation on a regular basis of constructionquality and supervisionof water supply schemes and drainage works;
(ii) monitoring of health communications;
(iii) carrying out impact evaluations;and
(iv) support for organizationmanagement.
The consultants for the evaluation of constructionquality and supervision monitoring would be appointedno later than October 1, 1991 and the others would be employed as and when necessary. The main responsibilitiesof the PPMU would be to coordinate and monitor the programs of the various implementingagencies and to act as a secretariatto the Steering Committee. It would provide, on a daily basis, project planning support, procurement monitoring, technical guidance to the implementingagencies, and independent monitoring of project implementationto ensure high technical standards. The PPMU would also provide support in the strategy development for health communicationsand environmentalsanitation, community participation, the involvementof NGOs and training (Annex 1). The PPMU would be assisted by the Government-NGOTask Force in planning and implementingthe NGO program under the project.
3.17 At the district level, the Zilla Parishad EngineeringWings in each district would be responsiblefor constructionof a few small piped schemes and O&M of regional water supply facilities and the constructionof drainage systems. The Gram Panchayatswould be responsiblefor the O&M of individualvillage-based water supply schemes, hand pumps and the maintenance of environmentalsanitation facilities. During negotiations,agreement was - 25 -
reached that Haharashtrawould cause the HWSSB to transfer all water supply schemes constructedunder the project to the local Zilla Parishads or the Gram Panchayats,as the case may be, for operation and maintenance of these schemes. In each of the ten districts, coordinationcommittees have been establishedwhich would be chaired by the chief executive officer (the senior administrativeofficer in the district). All implementingagencies would be members of the district coordinationcommittee as well as NGO representatives.
D. NGO Involvement and CommunityParticipation
3.18 NGO Involvement. Maharashtrahas a large and, in many cases, highly skilled NGO community in the rural areas. A number of NGOs have specializedin the areas of health education and sanitation. Several NGOs have also concentratedtheir activities in the area of rural water supply. Thus, this state provides a strong base from which to develop a successful program for NGO involvementin this project.
3.19 The involvementof NGOs in the proposed project is an important way to ensure community participationand the involvementof women through women's groups. The PPMU, with assistance from the Government-NGOTask Force, would have responsibilityfor organizing and managing the NGO participation, and for coordinatingfunding arrangements. NGOs would participate in two essentialways. There are NGOs which have well establishedskills in health education, sanitation and water supply. These groups would be involved through demonstrationmodels, project monitoring, training of government workers, village masons and mechanics, and other NGOs, and would carry out project related research. Other NGOs would participate in terms of service delivery through the promotion of latrines,organizing village water committees, carrying out pilot schemes, and implementationof the incentive schemes (paragraph2.23).
3.20 A joint GOM-NGO Task Force has been establishedto develop and implement a community participationaction plan and to define the role of NGOs in the project. The Task Force would be chaired by DRD/GOM and would have representativesfrom DOPH, NGOs, a women's group and UNICEF. During negotiations,an understandingwas reached that the Task Force would have a continuing role in support to the PPMU and in managing the NGO program. It would also have a role in determiningthe selectioncriteria and funding arrangementsfor NGOs which would be acceptable to the Government of Maharashtra and the Association. The selection criteria and funding arrangementswould be finalizedduring the preparation of the two strategy reports (paragraphs2.23 and 2.29).
3.21 Community ParticiPation. Specific measures will be introduced during the project to ensure greater community participation. Procedureswill be introduced to ensure that district,block and village level field staff from the implementingagencies meet and discuss the facilities to be constructedwith the Zilla Parishads and Gram Panchayats. A written document (hand-overagreement) will be required from the local authoritieswhich indicates their acceptance of the facilities and includes an undertaking to provide the financial requirementsfor O&M (Annex 10). The district - 26 -
coordinatingcommittees will be responsiblefor ensuring that the district councils are fully informed of project activities and provide an avenue for monitoring the project's progress. Procedures for handing over facilities to local government for O&M will be strengthenedto ensure the cooperation and understandingby the local authoritiesof their commitmentsand responsibilities. Water and SanitationCommittees will be formed in every village receivingpiped water supply schemes under the project.
E. Role of Women
3.22 Women have the main responsibilityfor the management of domestic water use, family hygiene, and maintenanceof a clean household. Because of their key role in the sector, the health communicationsstrategy will focus on women as a main target. The PPMU will have responsibilityfor managing pilot schemes for NGOs which would focus on women's involvement. The village water and sanitation committeeswill include women as members. The GOM has recently introduced a requirementthat women hold 30Z of all seats on the district councils. New elections are expected to be held within the next year. Some of the women elected to the district councils may be selected as members of the district project steering committees, With this representation,there is a greater likelihood that the interests of women would be met in the project.
F. Disbursements
3.23 There is not a standard disbursementprofile for rural water supply projects in India. The credit will be disbursed over a period of six and a half years (Annex 4). Although it is expected that the water supply componentwould be implementedin five years, an additionalyear for project completion is required to allow sufficient time to meet the community participationobjectives of the project. The closing date is December 31, 1997. Disbursementwill be made against the following categories of expenditures: (a) civil works, 90Z; (b) equipment,materials and vehicles, 100? of foreign and local ex-factory expenditures,and 80 of other local expenditures; (c) consultant services and training, 100?; and (d) incremental salaries, 85X of expendituresincurred until March 31, 1993, 65? until March 31, 1995 and 50X thereafter.
3.24 Special Account. In order to accelerate disbursementsin respect of the Association's share of expendituresprefinanced by the GOM, and in order to allow for direct payment of other eligible local and foreign expenditures,a Special Account would be opened in the Reserve Bank of India with an authorized allocation of US$6.0 million equivalent to cover four months of expected requirementsfor Association financed items.
3.25 Documentationof Expenditures. Withdrawal applicationsfor goods, works and training with a contract value of US$300,000 or more, and all consultant services will be supportedby full documentation;otherwise, Statements of Expenditures (SOEs)will be used. The PPHU will be responsible - 27 -
for aggregating the eligible expendituresunder each sub-projectand preparing withdrawal applicationsfor submissionto the Association. Documentation supporting SOEs would be maintained by the PPHU and would be made available to IDA during supervisionmissions.
3.26 Retroactive Financingup to US$5.1 million equivalent (4.6Z of the credit) has been included to cover eligible expendituresduring the twelve month period preceding credit signing (but not before April 30, 1990), for costs incurred in implementingappraised rural water supply schemes and other eligible expenditures.
G. Procurement
3.27 The procurement arrangementsare summarized in Table 3.2. Table3.2: ProcurementProfil- (US Mlillion) _ProcurementMethod TOTL Procurement Elemonts ICB LCB OTHER N/A COST
Land Acquisition - - - 0.2 0.2 (0.0) (0.0) Works: Water Supply 78.3 6.7 - - 65.O (82.0) (6.1) (67.1) Environmental - 8. 6.5 - 9.8 (2.6) (6.01 (7.6) Borowell Program - - 8.1 - 8.1 (2.4) (2.4) Other Componontnp - 0 8 .1 - a.9 O_ t 8L (2.4) _ .0). soods 2.3 8.0 8.2 - 13.6 _ it~~~~~~~2.3 (7.n8) (8.0) (12.6) Trainingand Technical Assistance: Project Support - - 8.1 - 8.1 (3.1) (8.1) institutionuIl4iqng - - 3.u - .u (3.0) (8.0) EngineeringCosts - - - 3.4 8.4 _ (00) 90-2) Salaries,Incremontal Staff - - - 15.7 16 7 (11.1) f11.1) Total -0.6e8 22.0 V19. 140.7 (64.8) (16.6) (16.9) (11.1) (109.9) Note: Figuresin parenthesesare the amountsto be financedby the crodit. N/A meansnO4 applicable. Other includesforce account work for smallworks organized with departmentallabor, LIS, shoppingand IDA'sconsultant solection procedures. - 28 -
3.28 Works. The total cost of the civil works under this project will be about US$101.8 million. All contracts for works with an estimated cost of US$5.0 million equivalent or more will be awarded under internationalcompetitive bidding (ICB). Contractorsbidding for these contractswill be subject to prequalification. Other civil works contracts (not exceedingUS$10 million equivalent in aggregate)will be awarded after local competitivebidding (LCB) under procedures which are acceptable to the Association. Borewell drilling (worth about US$3.1 million), several other small components (worth about US$3.1 million) such as leakage repair and check dams, and latrine construction (worth about US$6.5 million), will be carried out by force account. These works are widely scatteredover the life of the project over a large area and therefore competitivecontracting is not efficient. In addition, in the case of latrines,cash and labor contributions from the beneficiaryhouseholds are envisaged,making bulk contracting impractical. Local contractorsare competitivefor all ICB contracts. Domestic contractorsbidding under ICB will have a 7.52 price preference in the evaluation of bids.
3.29 The works for the water supply component, about US$85.0 million (or 83? of the works) will be packaged in about three large contracts of similar size to be awarded over the initial three to four years of project implementation. The first package comprises the supply and laying of pipes and would consist of 16 slices, generally along district lines. Contractorswill be allowed to bid for one or several slices depending upon their qualifications. The contract will be awarded to the lowest evaluated combinationof bids. This procurementarrangement is being tried for the first time in a rural water supply project in India where traditionally numerous small contracts have been awarded to local, often not well qualified contractorsunder LCB procedures. For this reason, during negotiations,an understandingwas reached that a detailed review of the procurementarrangements would be conducted jointly with the Association after the first contract bid results are known but before bids for the next package are invited. Based on the results of that review, the procurement arrangementswill be revised if necessary with a view to simplifyingpackaging, slicing and timing and making the procurement as efficient, expeditiousand economical as possible.
3.30 Goods. The total value of goods to be procured under the project would be about US$13.5 million. All contracts for goods costing US$200,000 or more (about US$2.3 million) will awarded after ICB. Other contacts (not exceeding US$8 million equivalent in aggregate)will be awarded under LCB procedures acceptable to the Association,with the exception - 29 -
of: (a) four specializedtesting devices for the public health laboratoriescosting about $200,000 for which few suppliers exist and which, therefore,would be procured under limited internationalbidding; and (b) small contracts costing less than US$50,000 each and not exceeding in aggregate US$3 million which will be procured following local shopping procedures.
3.31 Training and TechnicalAssistance. The project includes approximatelyUS$6.1 million for project support and institutionbuilding. ApproximatelyUS$3.1 million of this would be used to employ consultants,i.e. designing,management and constructionsupervision monitoring. Consultantswill be retained in accordancewith Association'sGuidelines for the Use of Consultants.
3.32 All contracts procured under ICB for works, all contracts for equipment costing more than US$300,000 and all consulting contractswill be subject to prior review and approval by the Association. This will allow prior review for approximately802 of the procurementunder the project. See Annex 2 for the main schedule of actions for procurement. Bidding documents,which were drafted in line with the Association's sample documents, for the first large goods and works packages, and prequalificationdocuments have already been reviewed and approval given by the Association. These documentswould be used as models for the remaining goods and works procured under both ICB and LCB procedures.
3.33 In order to facilitatethe implementationof the project, the Government has proposed to use up to US$5.1 million (4.6X of the credit), for retroactivefinancing of expendituresmade after April 30, 1990 on generally (1) on- going works, (2) the first shipmentsof hand pumps and drilling rigs, (3) the advance and early payments on the borewells and major water supply contract and (4) project preparation consultant contracts (Annex 5). The advanced procurement is being done in accordancewith procedures described above and is necessary in order not to delay critical activities of project implementation.
H. Monitoring and Evaluation
3.34 To provide effectivemonitoring and reportingof the project, the PPMU will regularlymonitor project expenditures,implementation activities and system performance. In addition to monitoring the physical and financialprogress of implementation,the PPMU would be required to undertake periodic impact evaluationsusixg such indicatorsas: a) time saved by women; b) incidence of water-relateddiseases, particularlyin children; c) awareness of health education - 30 -
messages; and d) use of new facilities (Annex 6). In conjunctionwith the DRD/GOI, a mid-term review of project progress would be undertaken at the end of 1993. The mid-term review would focus primarily on assessing the implementation progress, constructionquality, and the impact of the innovating aspects of the project which include the environmentalsanitation and health communicationscomponents, the involvementof NGOs and the comnunityparticipation aspects of the project. The review would also evaluate the project's impact on low income beneficiariesand women.
3.35 The monitoring system would include beneficiary assessmentswhich would be carried out by the PPMU in conjunctionwith selected NGOs in the ten districts. These beneficiary assessmentswould focus on the impact of the project on health, community participationand women's activities,and the effective use and sustainabilityof the facilitiesprovided. In addition, the Secretary,DRDIGOH, would be expected to meet on a quarterlybasis with the Chief Executive Officers and Zilla Parishad Chairmen from all 10 participatingdistricts to review project implementation. Progress reports on project implementationwould be provided to the Association on a quarterly basis. The project is expected to have average supervisionrequirements (Annex 9). A major supervisionmission would be required for the mid-term evaluation.
i. Accounts and Audits
3.36 During project preparation,systems and procedures for a project accounting system were designed and documented. This system will supplementexisting statutory procedures in place at the various implementingagencies. At each of the implementingagencies, the project system will entail posting of project transactionsto a simple project ledger, and photocopyingof appropriatesupport documentation for the transactions. The posting of transactionswill be keyed to contract numbers which will be structured to allow for its identificationby the implementingagency, district or village, scheme or contractor. The ledger will be posted manually, and will allow classifyingtransactions according to categories such as civil works, materials, equipment, technical assistance, land and taxes or duties.
3.37 The various implementingagencies will submit copies of their project ledgers, together with copies of the transaction support documentation,to the PPHU on a monthly basis. Each im,ilemeu.tingagency will submit these records to the PPMU at a different time of the month to allow for an even work load at the PPMU. The PPMU will retain the support - 31 -
documentationcopies in centralizedcontract files, and will post data from the ledger sheet copies to consolidatedproject ledgers maintainedby the PPMU. The PPMU project ledgers will be similar to those at the implementingagencies, but will be computerized. The records system at the PPMU will be simple, yet flexible enough to provide continuous visibility of project expenditures,to produce management reports in various formats and to produce summary sheets and statements of expenditures for withdrawal applicationsthat will be sent to the Bank. The system at the PPMU will facilitate the centralized auditing of project expenditures,in addition to providing clear audit trails to original transactiondata at the various implementing agencies. During negotiations,agreement was reached that Maharashtra would maintain, or cause the PPMU to maintain, records and accounts adequate to reflect in accordancewith sound accounting practices its operations, resources and expendituresin respect of the project.
3.38 During negotiations,agreement was reached that GOI and GOM would appoint auditors acceptable to the Association to annually audit project accounts, statementsof expendituresand the special account. The audit reports would be in conformity with Associationguidelines, and would be submitted to the Associationnot later than nine months after the end of each financialyear. The audits will cover all project expendituresuntil such time as the credit has been closed.
IV. FINANCIALANALYSES
4.01 The financialviability of the rural water supply works under this project should be viewed at the district level. It is the district administrationwhich will be responsiblefor supportingthe operation and maintenance of the schemes commissionedwithin their jurisdictions. The ten districtsvary in terms of the number, spatial distributionand population of villages; the accessibilityof sources of drinking water; and the relative prosperity (or poverty) of individualvillages. The capital costs of the small village piped water supply schemes range up to about Rs.2.0 million, while the cost of the large regional schemes are about ten times as much. Anticipated annual costs for operations and maintenance also vary with the size of the scheme, amounting to about 15Z of the capital costs. Hence, a district'sprospects for financiallysupporting water supply investmentsdepends largely on the particularmix of schemes it requires. Further, since a district'swater revenues are enhanced mostly from the number of households that can be charged for house taps, the - 32 -
financial prospects also depend clearly on the relative prosperity of the villages within the district.
4.02 The Gram Panchayatshave been empowered to levy water charges, within statutory limits, on householdswhich have house taps. The Gram Panchayatslevy a house tax which includes the cost of hand pump maintenance. In cases where villages must be suppliedwater through regional or other large schemes requiringextensive conveyance,pumping, storage, or treatmentworks, the Zilla Parishad must bear the costs of operating and maintainingworks up to the village boundaries. The GOM has recognizedthe importanceof ensuring that districts'set aside sufficientfunds to recover these costs. In 1986, the state issued a governmentorder that required the Zilla Parishads to create a separate "Fund for Maintenance and Repairs of Rural Drinking Water Supply Works". Under this order, the Zilla Parishad must credit to the Fund not less than 202 of its regular income, to be used solely for maintenance of water supply works.
4.03 The capital costs of rural water supply in Maharashtra,as in other Indian states, are covered by state and central governmentgrants. This includes the cost of hand pumps as well as piped water supply schemes. In addition, electricityin rural areas is subsidized,primarily to support the agriculturesector. Although power tariffs in rural areas are low in Maharashtra,they are much higher than those in many other states in India. Moreover, the GOM recently increased the power rates in rural areas by 1002 and is taking steps to increase them further in the future.
4.04 For O&M costs for piped water supply schemes, GOM would set village-specificcharges based on estimates of actual costs. Such chargeswould be set between minimum and maximum statutory limits. The current limits are being reviewed with the intention of increasing them to ensure their adequacy. In the case of regionalwater supply schemeswhere especially high O&H costs could not be fully covered by maximum statutorycharges, sufficientamounts from the Zilla Parishad general income would be deposited in the Maintenance Fund to cover O&M costs. Major annual adjustmentsover the next five or six years are not likely to be needed to cover operation cost price inflation. The effects of such price inflationwill tend to be offset by revenue from increasedhouse taps resulting from forecastedvillage populationincreases.
4.05 Thus, during negotiations,agreement was reached that each Gram Panchayat participatingin the project would set and collect water tariffs, from private house taps and public stand posts, for village water supply schemes and handpumps at - 33 - levelssufficient to cover estimatedannual O&H costs (includingappropriate bulk water chargesfor regionalwater supplyschemes); and cause each Zilla Parishadparticipating in the projectto transfersufficient revenues (including all those derivedfrom bulk charges)each year to the district maintenancefund to ensurecoverage of annualestimated O&M costs for those p.rtionsof regionalwater supplyschemes for which they are responsible. 4.06 The provisionof governmentgrants to cover capitalcosts and portionsof the O&M costs for regional schemescan be justifiedgiven that the supplyof potablewater is essentialto publichealth; that the capitalcosts aze often relativelyhigh given the smallsize of villagesserved; that there is littleor no industryin rural areas for cross- subsidizing;and that povertyis widespreadin rural areas. Financialanalyses (Annex 8) show that unlesswater chargesto villagehouseholds are set substantiallyhigher than what urban domestichouseholds pay, it would not be feasibleto expect recoveryof pipedwater supplycapital costs for rural schemes- -especiallyfor very expensiveregional schemes. 4.07 EnvironmentalSanitation. Large but partial subsidiesare providedfor villagedrainage schemes and for householdlatrines. For drainageschemes, the state covers50Z of the capitalcosts with grant funds,after the Zilla Parishadscontribute their 5OZ share. For householdlatrines, the cost of individuallatrines would vary considerably dependingon the model used and the type of superstructure.It is estimatedthat about 50-75Zof the cost would be borne by the GOM and the ZillaParishads. Becauseof the low demandfor latrinesand removalof waste water in rural areas,and the importanthealth benefits which these interventionswould bring,these subsidies are justified.
V. ECONOMIC ANALYSISAND ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT
A. EconomicAnalysis +
-.01 Healthbenefits would be centralin the proposed projectsince a primaryobjective of the projectis to reduce the incidenceof water-relateddiseases. Any attemptto select and quantifymeaningful benefits would likelybe only approximateand incomplete.Moreover, the methodologywould be open to challenge. Similarly,u6ing women's time as a means of measuringeconomic benefits would representonly a small share of the actualbenefits expected. The calculationof women's time would be equallyincomplete and the methodologyinexact. - 34 -
Water tariffs are often used as a proxy for benefits in rural water supply projects. While this approach has merit, it does not reflect any of the true benefits which are health related or social in nature. Thus, an economic rate of return has not been calculated for this project. In cases where attempts have been made to calculatewomen's time in other Asian countries, it has been found that the economic rate of return has been about 152. Had the health benefits been quantifiablefor these projects, the economic rate of return would have been much higher. A small, impact evaluation of health benefits in Bangladesh, covering a population of about 5,000, indicated that the combined inputs of water, sanitation and health education reduced the prevalenceof diarrhea in small children by half and ascaris infectionby more than one third.31
B. EnvironmentalAssessment
5.02 The projectwould have a positive impact on the environment (Annex 8). The provision of safe and reliable water supply and improved environmentalsanitation facilities and related health education are expected to have a positive environmentalimpact on the lives of people in the rural areas of these districts. The project would have a beneficial impact by promoting community awareness of the importanceof a clean environment. It would promote the controlled disposal of human and other waste, thereby reducing bacterial contaminationof the ervironment. The project would strengthenthe state's capacity to monitor water quality for bacterial,mineral and chemical contamination. For one regional scheme, it was found that the groundwaterin the village had been polluted by a government-owneddistillery. During negotiations,an understandingwas reached that constructionof the scheme would not begin until appropriateapproval for an effluent control implementationprogram had been given by the Government of Maharashtra. In providingwater supply and environmental sanitationschemes to tribal communitiesin two districts,the project would have a positive impact on tribal well-being. The base line surveyshave been carried out in tribal areas to ensure that the environmentalsanitation and health education strategiestake into account their specific needs. The project is not expected to have any adverse impact on the environment.
3/ Water Suppl, Sanitation and Hygiene Education,Report of a Health Impact Study in Mlirzapur,Bangladesh, K.M.A. Aziz, et al, UNDP-'WorldBank Water and Sanitation Program, 1990 - 35 -
VI. BENEFITS AND RISKS
A. Benefits
6.01 In addition to the environmentalbenefits noted above, the project is expected to benefit about 1,100 villages or about 1.1 million persons who would be covered by all three components. However, through the implementationof the environmentalsanitation and health education componentswhich will cover villages with piped water supply systems other than those included in the rural water supply component, the project could benefit an additional 1,100 villages with an estimated population of about 3.5 million persons. About 40? of the population served would be below the poverty line. The main benefit would be the reduction in the incidenceof water- related diseases which would lead to reducedmorbidity and mortality, and more water available for day-to-day domestic use. The project would also result in time saved by women in collectingwater. The project would improve the lives of the rural poor and give communitiesmore responsibilityfor services provided.
B. Risks
6.02 One of the main risks to this project is that the environmentalsanitation and health communications componentsmay be given low priority in implementationand, thus, will not have their full impact. This risk will be minimized by the agreement reachedwith GOM over the final strategies to be implemented,the involvementof NGOs during project implementation,and the monitoring role of the PPMU. Another risk is the lack of experience in working with NGOs. This risk has been reduced by the establishmentof the Government-NGOTask Force. The sustainabilityof investments in rural water supply would be at risk if there were inadequate institutionaland funding arrangementsfor O&M. This risk would be minimized through measures to: a) upgrade local skill levels through training; b) strengthen administrative arrangementsby which communitiesassume responsibilityfor O&M; c) maximize revenues through design improvementswhich provide for house connectionsand reduce O&M costs; and d) clearly identify subsidies required in the poorest areas. - 36 -
VII. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATION
7.01 As a condition for effectiveness,the GOM would be required to establish the PPMU and appoint key staff (paragraph3.16).
7.02 During negotiations,agreements were reached on the following:
(a) GOM would ensure that water supply schemes to be financed under the project will be designed according to criteria satisfactoryto the Bank (para. 2.10);
(b) GOM would prepare and furnish to the Association for review by December 31 of each calendar year, commencing on December 31, 1991, an annual action program for the followingyear for investmentsin rural water supply, environmentalsanitation, health education, training and technical assistance,and the status of land acquisition (2.12);
Sc) GOM would ensure that the Department of Irrigation would make available abstractionpermits for all remainingwater supply schemeswhich draw water from irrigation sources or rivers (2.16);
(d) GOM would ensure regular inspection and evaluation of dams in accordancewith sound engineeringpractice (2.17);
Ce) GOM would prepare and furnish to the Association no later than May 31, 1992, a report on the government's environmentalsanitation (latrinesand drainage) strategywhich would subsequentlybe agreed and implemented (2.23);
(f) 00 would prepare and furnish to tee Association no later than May 31, 1992, a report on the government's health education strategywhich would subsequentlybe agreed and implemented (2.29);
(g) to assist the PPMU in implementingthe project, GOM would employ consultantsfor the evaluation of constructionquality and supervision,monitoring health communications,carrying out impact evaluations and supporting organizationmanagement (3.16);
(h) GOM would ensure that all water supply schemes are transferredto the Zilla Parishads or Gram Panchayats - 37 -
and that the ZillaParishads and Gram Panchayatshave responsibilityfor O&M (3.17); (i) GOM would maintainrecords and accountsin accordance with sound accountingpractices (3.37); (j) GOI and 0OM would appointindependent auditors satisfactoryto the Associationto submitaudit reports,in conformitywith Associationguidelines, for projectaccounts, statements of expenditureand the specialaccount, for each financialyear, to be suppliedto the Associationno later than nine months after the close of each year (3.38); (k) GOM would cause each Gram Panchayatto set and collect water tariffsat levelssufficient to cover O&M costs (includingbulk chargesfor regionalschemes (4.05); (1) GOM would cause the Zilla Parishadsto transfer sufficientrevenues to the districtmaintenance fund to ensurecoverage of annualO&M costs for regional water supplyschemes (4.05). 7.03 Subjectto the above conditionsand assurances, the proposedproject constitutes a suitablebasis for an IDA creditof SDR 76.4 millionto India at standardIDA termswith 35 yearsmaturity. 38- ANNEXI Page 1
INDIA
MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT
Component 1: Rural Water Supply
Population,Water Demand, Service Levels for Phase 1
DISTRICTISCHEIIE NO.OF PPUATION SERVICESTANDAS IN1 WOF PO ATIN IATERWEMII 2004 HATER WATER91ICE VILLAGES 1990 200 19W 2004 (CIIIDAVI WMA ------_ ATNIKCE WCE MATE (in 10001 PROTECTEDNROTECTE S.P N.C H.P e MEST.INSTI 1T1I TOTAL (CIIWI) TYPE DUALITY U.N.R. COHN. :l*:s 2:z.z:.35,ua-ssssasaaminUaaa*n ______D _ __ VILLAGEMATER SUPPLY SCHENES
LATUR/11 VILlAGES 11 10.7 13.4 3 9 B Is 32 7U3 743 1 a WEINS SATARA/4 VILLAGES & 5.0 7.2 100 41 39 373 373 442 a WPE ANIIEONASARI10 VILLA6ES 10 19.7 27.0 100 49 31 1334 1334 1532 ON WEMII PUNEI6 VILLAGES 6 7.3 10.9 10 42 4 92 19 49 495 579 so NPEIS SEED/10 VILLASES 10 9.7 13.7 4 4 43 37 4S H99 909 UN WE AURANGAADII VILLAGE t 0.7 1.1 - - 100 10 0 42 42 49 so WE SANILIII VILLAGE I 1.10 1.40 - - 100 0 O 60 60 7e0 ON Ns
TOTALFOR VILLAGE SCHElE 45 53 77 3 6 *0 70 30 3764 3766 4367 61 AVERAGECONSUIPTION PERCAPITA (year 2006,vilage water schemes) 4 lIcdl
REGIONALVATER SUPPLY SCHENES
LATURIAUSA 20 25.9 39.0 5 20 75 69 32 I,9 1,"6 2,450 DM Ns SATARAIKHATNAL 12 11.2 15.0 5 10 55 41 39 776 776 960 Ull 1V AHNEONAGARICHNANANAPJURI3 6.0 12.2 - 25 75 50 50 696 494 n0o us CHITALI 1 4.3 7.1 - 30 70 s5 50s39 399 473 A NS PUNEIKARLA s 7.3 1L.1 10 2070 5 46 "51 152 750 29 AN US NANJARI 22 20.4 33.5 1o 10 E0 so 50 1,937 1,937 2,110 P1UN II'E KaTRAJ I 16.0 31.1 15 10 75 30 70 1,91 66 1,t63 2,310 Pmc is 6EEDIPOOS 20 34.5 52.1 1o 90 - 4 52 2,950 2,950 3,400 DH Vs KAIJ-OHARUR 14 55.0 81.3 15 35 50 33 67 5,9 370 6,2" 7,070 gm Vs AURANSA9ADISILLOO 12 26.4 40.2 5 95 - 51 4 2,19 2,19 2,690" Ns SANGLI/NANE-RAJURI 22 45.5 96.5 5 20 75 52 4 4,54 4,54 5,4S9 a VS THAEIAGHAI 14 9.1 12.0 - - 100 69 31 603 403 04 PC VS PACHNAPUR 27 14.0 19.9 - 100 79 22 948 94 1,124 MC Us BDAAPOKHARAN 22 49.1 48.6 10 20 70 0 0 3,659 152 3,51I 4,519 DAM VS IULDHANAIIIALKAPUR 22 22.4 29.9 5 20 75 61 39 1,4 1,49 1,952 A aS ANDAPUR 1 13.0 25.9 25 50 25 70 30 1,270 150 1,420 1,722 A VS PHAROSA 1 2.2 2.8 5 4 50 4555 1t0 140 14 DAN uS CHANDRAPUR/ItERI 1 8.3 11.2 10 40 50 30 70 706 706 U3 WIN 11
TOTALRE61WAL SEIIES 225 392 579 9 33 59 * 5 55 5 7 Ill 604 AVERAGECONSUIIPTIOI PERCAPITA (year 2006,reiqmal sches) 5' (ltid) 222,2*222 8U
S.P. a PUOLICSTANMIPSTS 6 * GRODIIATER IPE a 1 PL EUCTEUI TESTINIAT NELL STILL TO K CARRIEDUT) H.C. ' HOUSECONNECTIONS PIIC * PUIENIIICIPIL CWON. VIS NITHIN STADR (AfTEI DISINFECTIIOM H.P. a HANDPUNPS IIC * UNA IUICIPIL CWNI. 0. a OTHERSURICES (INRACE WATER, OPEN IELLS) R * RIVER 11033W.KIAILS E WEESNit S1ES lFlEE W" mm MRE 11
ismiciSOm ---- MuTN - "in,. ITm ons 11E E IElS misimlui simm SERVICESI2RIG us oi rpw.sr. ruc acm No PSI. srAngm ------min ------I XES. SEYICEES. ------SI11- IJSE- UU*.LEIIII l CWKIII lE CEPSCIT------3114(11W-1N )som TOTAL MnTS C . lo) IN) Sf2c) Ilhsts) Walc lstCIs) (Mo.) () ICES tol laN) IN) (KEl Nl1 1:) IN.1 (10.1
VILLISMIER SEPLt SO S
LAIUSII VIILIMS mm 1"9 13.11 4116 412 A 1 394 13.02 0.45 13.47 so 1,020 S11W11 VYILIES N 0 3.42 we 12 A 6 1" 5." 0.34 0.40 .24 32 511 WIElU I 10VIUIAES MIN 3/150 7.07 Sf7 12114 A I 10 70 24.32 1.32 0.e 21.7e 3 1,312 PatIE4VILLES mIo 1511405.13 4114 toll2 A 1 245 5.52 0.72 . 4.24 so 404 EfuI 20 VILLAMES WIN 311u 10.44 SI1l 12 a 10 370 9.95 0.3) ...i 10.23 50 93 _111114SIVILLMiE U a 40.4 4.1 12 C 1 30 0.37 0.0 0.40 0.31 5 0 SiaIl I I UILUE N e.U0 5. 12 A 1 30 2.4e 0.00 3.0 2.00 3 28
131KFM VIUM SCNCES gIls 0 1 46 1,114 43.93 3.34 0.04 17.41 292 4,30 44 S W IE6W NATOUMVSSIXN ES
LATNOM m 30 0.39 153.0 14 3 153 1 3 315 19 320 31.5 39.37 14.23 II." 104 2,494 a 511111I OL MN 150 3.15 40.0 16 a 4 2 140 11 4"1 37.44 3.2 4.01 52.29 59 1,310 151111IC11ll1 N 150 5.14 50.3s1 A 1 2 320 7.52 2.50 1.30 11.32 43 1..20 CNliTI IA 135 0.03 0.0 12 3 40 1 190 4.60 1.03 2.13 7.31 13 710 rF SuEaMI m MI 0.0o so.0 1 C 1) ss 1 1 200 5 252 5.11 4.50 1.12 13.33 1? 1,0:1 3111111 PIE Var. 14.00 9. 4 4 - 3 3N 14.55 4.32 0.44 21.31 155 3,350 133T41 PIE 30 3.44 1 C2) 144 1 300 3 700 12.10 3.29 7.44 23.43 34 4,km EEUIFE m 250 4.20 212.5 14 S 213 1 4o 22 395 U3.9 35.20 9.41 .54 120 5.413 E AI- m 417 15.0 442.4 It 3 442 1 1 170 14 1,940 33.40 31.32 3U.34101.54 32 le,9 EIMA3ISILLu 3 250 5I.10 18.0 14 3 1o 1 2 39 it u 30.12 13.45 14.71 40.00 2 3,940 SIIRICINIEl a1 324 9.00 20.0 22 3 250 1 2 200 to 1,125 U.S 45.13 32.901u.1 230 3,301 fUIGMI MO 260 .20 14 3 4u 2 130 24 294 33.01 3.5s 44.57 47 114 PICIW I 150 0.34 3 3 1 1 10 21V 44 31.40 20.61 3.00 u101 75 971 MIuSIU I 40 2.0 274.0 14 3 214 1 I50 13 1,329 2.94 21.42 32.74 117.34 139 ,.43 MIU/UALWR Du1 250 0.45 114.0 I4 3 Ilk 1 3 310 19 462 54.52 34.11 32.53123.21 80 2.r54 lIMI 250 0.20 106.0 14 l 103 I 550 4.10 1." 5.9 12.50 4. 1,5's DUEL m 100 4.42 14.0 12 e 14 I 0 1.4 0. e0.00 .00 I 30e t lUPI N ISO 13.90 52.0 I A 52 1 150 7.10 0.e5 0.0 1.15 i3 1,543
TOTALE611 SOMS es3 20011,472 522 233 2u313,0 1,294 55,441
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we {"u' fil 61 tilt I W9t11 13 £-9 t-Sf uS ti all IIIIIUIUI fIitlin it's "It II,$ " "It I6-01- 06,11 -tI It' 5t1l llbit-uI I 1||mlI331 *5-5 WI tre are atsIc- aUe we £ o lItsee WIcc-c> ti-c Its- fr- Ice O'- fro se- st-c i'- fr-o irat ic-c~~~~~~~~K'1-e trelilt al-"I~t fltiIII ki-cIt-O illIrs tWI"If 50.0 ti-l ce-c 1i-c Jmlia ,aIus OulI 50 CIt' j0l*se- el-c50, rn-c"It i1- c-LIW u-cuseU-e ce--im it A-i tc c1c-l-it -s AM- U-I U-ec ilH lcil li-liir sairimtini I amisom mi cW c-ccc1 t - c- cc i-ct lit il* t *I Wil Mim NMI *iit l* in] - llt S lii 1i *0s3 u w- tVl c) c cce rn- 'ol"- sec 0 ~~ am- t- Ve is-l at-e c-1i 5 uuct sc-s sri* Ira wc- ie- at t-i We at-i arc * si~-c e# it-c Sl-l U-t tel c-c ccc c-c sc-c Sc-a si' si-a Li-I i-c Ic; h-I Il-c li-1 e*c cc-c c-c St 1Uim * S sc-c ce-c rn- ca- ti-c a.t SNeni 11ini,
o6-4 1151 lIs luitl lW35 l1 01531s 11 113 533W W1201b1@1 31531 323 -a------115 0813 1201 X1131 81531 1201B ------.----. Ilaamsoo ItsamVio 533121AiIm .- -- SitU 531116f Slle 11120 gSh riamausi . 15 Itu Slit 01U1 snUMssitsi l l5553 -IIIIIiSms,mI Z *tSuuu ma tue nia slmE tms mums - - 41 - ANNEX 1 Page 4
Piped Water Supply Schemes of Phase 2
Introduction
1.01 The selectionprocess for villages and regional schemes of Phase 2 of the project is still in progress but will soon be completed. Selection criteria are:
- villages with acute water shortage - no safe water source in the village - guinea worm invested areas - villages with tribal population.
Project Proposal for Phase 2
1.02 Villages and regional rural water supply schemes in Phase 2 will be located in the same 10 districts as in Phase 1. Phase 2 will comprise:
- 57 Regional schemes (including1 town) with a total population of 955,000 - 122 individualvillage water schemes with a total population of 55,000 inhabitants - 8 individualvillage water schemes (pilot project GSDA) with a total population of 10000 inhabitants.
Base Cost Estimate and Procurement
1.03 Costs include civil works including supply of all materials and are based on cost rate of Phase 1 for which final design estimates are availables
------in Rs million ------Procurement Local Foreign Total by
Village water schemes 63 12 75 ICB Pilot project villages 5 1 6 LCB Regional schemes 705 138 843 ICB Total 773 151 924
Imp2lementation
1.04 It is estimated that tender documents for a first lot of villages and regional schemes are completed by December 1991 and the remaining lot by October 1992. Constructioncould therefore start mid 1992 and by assuming a constructiontime of maximum 3 years. the second lot of works would be completed by Mid 1996. - 42 - ANNEX 1 Page 5
Borewell Program, Handpumps. Ground Water Development
Introduction
1.05 Borewell drilling and installationof hand pumps is carried out by the Ground Water Survey and DevelopmentAgency (GSDA) based in Pune. The GSDA which has 6 regional offices presently operates some 59 drilling rigs. During the 7th plan period some 59,000 wells have been drilled of which 702 are claimed to have been successful. The 1989/90 drilling program consisted of approximately4,000 wells, and 1,000 wells requiring rehabilitationand rejuvenation. Presently the GSDA has procured 2 hydrofracturingunits through UNICEF and have experienceda degree of success in rejuvenatingold wells and increasing the yield in new ones. The pilot project for enrichment of ground water will be carried out in eight drought prone villages I/ of Ahmednagar District.
1.06 Although the rainfall is low, the main problem is that the villages are located in a plateau area and because of drainage, the majority of ground water is lost to the valley below. The GSDA is proposing to adopt unconventionalmeasures of rainwater harvesting,artificial recharge, hydrofracturingand conservationin order to resolve the water shortage problem. Although these measures are not new and have been proven elsewhere, they have not been used in Maharashtra to any great extent. The cost of this component is modest and it provides a worthwhile demonstrationthat should be monitored with a view to replicationin other problem areas.
Project Proposal
1.07 The proposed program which will be carried-outacross all 10 districts covered under the project will consist of:
(a) drilling of some 2050 wells approximately60 m deep, of which is estimated that 1700 (80Z) will be successfuland installationof India Mark 3 hand pumps. This will serve some 178 small villages, and 884 small clusters or wadis;
(b) rejuvenationof some 400 well by hydrofracturingwhich will serve a further 260 villages and 126 clusters;
(c) replacing of approximately1330 broken down handpumps which are beyond repair by the new India Mark 3 hand pumps. These pumps are much easier to maintain at village level;
(d) rejuvenationof about 600 wells by hydrofracturing;
(e) supplying of spare parts for upgradingwashers and cylinders in some 10000 India Mark 2 hand pumps;
1/ Kavthechiwadi,Jawale Baleshwar, Mahalwadi, Dhorwadi, Varudi, Sawargoan Ghule, Amlewadi and Sarole Pathar, total population 6,660. - 43 - ANNEX 1 Page 6
(f) supplying of equipment for supporting the drilling and hydrofracturingactivitiess
- 3 borewell drilling rigs - 150 mm dia. hydraulicallyoperated top drive rotary DTH fast drilling rigs, truck mounted and complete with compressor and all equipment and tools
- 4 hydrofracturingrigs - truck mounted diesel powered hydrofracturingunits capable of delivering at least 335 1/min at 170 bar for use in wells up to 6.50 dia and 60 m deep, complete with all equipment and tools
- 6 ABEM-WADI electronic geophysicalsurvey instrumentswill be purchased for rapid site reconnaissancebefore detailed surveys take place
- 6 PROCOM-2 image enhancers to be located in each of the regional GSDA R&D Cells for use with interpreting"remotely sensed' data;
(g) source developmentworks for the 8 draught prone villages included in the pilot project. Remote sensing date will be interpretedand detailed hydrologicalmapping will be undertaken for each village in order to prepare a micro water conservationand developmentplan. This may include new borewells and hydrofracturingof existing to improve yields, plus constructionof large diameter hand dug wells, cut off and filter trenches to encourage aquifer recharge, and valley plugs, etc.
Implementation
1.08 It is estimated that the main borewell drilling and rejuvenation program will be completedwithin two years. Whereas, the hydrofracturingand pump replacementand upgrading program will continue for a further three years, at a rate of some 200 hydrofracturedwells and 400 pump replacementsper year. On completion of each hand pump and apron installationthey are handed over to the Grampanchayatfor future operations and maintenance in a two tier maintenance scheme backstoppedby the Zilla Parishad. The source development pilot project will be implementedmainly by GSDA, however, some smaller components such as the constructionof the large diameter hand dug wells will be undertaken by the Zilla Parishads. Small-scalelocal contractors and casual labor will be used as required. - 44 - ANNEX 1 Page 7
Base Cost Estimatesand Procurement Share in ---- in Rs Million---- Taxes Procurement Description Local Foreign Total Duties by Construction: 1700 borewells 24.18 1.25 25.43 2.55 Other 1000 hydro frao 11.97 0.63 12.60 0.18 Other 1300 pumps replaced 1.75 0.20 1.95 0.17 LCB Materials& Equipment: 3000 hand pumps 25.54 1.29 26.83 1.03 LCB 3 DTH Drill Rigs 8.25 7.50 15.75 8.25 ICB 4 Hydro frac. rigs 9.43 8.57 18.00 9.43 ICB 16,300m MS casing 4.19 0.22 4.41 0.17 LCB Pump spares& tools 2.60 0.30 2.90 0.14 LCB 6 Abem surveyequipment 0.17 0.16 0.33 0.17 ICB 6 Procomenhancers 0.17 0.16 0.33 0.17 ICB Sourcedevelopment for 8 1.04 0.05 1.09 0.07 Other draughtprone villages Grand Total 89.29 20.33 109.62 22.23 (20.4Zaverage)
Retroactivefinancing 18.52 4.28 22.80 20.42 Financingafter project 70.77 16.05 86.82 20.42 effectiveness
Leak DetectionSurvey and RepairWorks
Introduction 1.09 Water loss surveysindicate that existingrural water supplysystems have high water losses. As a resultand in order to reducewater lossesit is commonpractice in India to providewater for two periodsof maximum4 hours per day only. It would howeverbe desirableto providecontinuous services. This would avoid the risk of inflowof contaminatedwater into the water supply systemwhen the pipes are not under pressure. It would also removethe need for unnecessaryprivate investments for undergroundand roof storagetanks and boosterpumps at each individualhouse in order to have 24 hours water supply. Since the projectwill includethe expansionand rehabilitationof about 67 existingvillage water supplysystems with a total populationof 350,000in ANNEX1 - 45 - Page 8
Phase 1 and similar number in Phase 2, it will be necessary to carry out a leak detection survey and leakage repair in order to reduce water losses to an acceptable level. The MWSSB has therefore decided to carry out a leak detection survey and repair program in all project locationwith existing water supply facilitieswhich will be incorporatedinto the u,,w system.
Proiect Proposal
1.10 MWSSB intends to use the services of a specializedconsultant who would be responsible fort
- carrying out a leak detection survey in each project village - estimating the total leakage losses - identifyingof locationsof all major leakage points - preparing of cost estimates for repair works and required material - preparation of standard tender documents including specifications and bill of quantities - training of MWSSB staff on the job - manage/supervisethe repair works.
1.11 It is anticipated that the survey is carried out by a local consultant with some advisory input of a foreign expert, if required. The leak detection equipmentwill be imported. Staff of MWSSB will be seconded to the consultant for on the job training. Immediatelyfollowing the leak detection survey, the necessary repair works shall be carried out by a contractorwho will be managed and supervisedby the consultant. This has the advantage that additional leak detection can be carried out during repair works if required in order to reduce the overall losses to an acceptable level. Detailed information about the actual scope of repair or replacementworks and required material is at present not available. Costs or replacementare estimated. The contractor will be required to bid for works includingall required materials. Since the scope of work and actually required materials are difficult to estimate, the contractorwould be requested to bid on a unit cost basis for various diameters of pipe, fittings and valve sizes and type of materials and excavation depths. The required repair works will involve:
- replacing pipelines which are beyond repair - replacing of leaking pipes, fittings and valves - repairing of leaking joints and valves - repairinghouse and public standpostconnections - repair/replacementof standposttaps, etc.
1.12 The works will be carried out by local contractorson the basis of local competitivebidding (LCB). Young contractorstrained in pipe fitting and plumbing under the TRYSEM system (Trainingfor Rural Youth for Self - Employment)will be permitted to bid. The availabilityof such young village contractorswill be very important for the furthermaintenance of the water supply system and laying of house connections. - 46-
ANNEX 1 Page 9
Base Cost Estimates and Procurement
Share in ---- in Rs Million ---- Taxes Procurement Description Locel Foreign Total Duties by
A) Leak Detection Survey
Local consultant 600mm x Rs. 15000 1/ 9.00 - 9.00 0.45 LCB Foreign advisor 6mm x US$10000 - 1.00 1.00 - IS
Leak detection equipment and transport for 3 teams 1.80 1.80 3.60 1.80 ICB (incl. 1COZ duty) Sub Total A) 10.80 2.80 13.60 2.25 (16.5Z average)
B) Leakage Repair Works
Sub Total B) 20.00 5.00 25.00 2.00 (8.02 average) LCB
Grand Total A)+B) 30.80 7.80 38.60 4.25 (11.OZ average)
Implementation
1.13 The consultantand the contractorswill be requested to complete the survey and repair works in approximately4-5 years. At least 3 consultant teams and about 6 repair teams will be necessary. As soon as the consultanthas gained some informationabout the scope of repair works and materials required, he should prepare standard bid documentswhich would be used throughoutthe project period. Bids for works would be invited for the total works in each district (10 districts). Leak detection and repair work should be implemented almost at the same time. The work would be coordinatedwith the health communicationsprogram to be undertakenby DOPH as part of the project.
Design CriterLa for Rural Water SUPPlY Systems
Design Period 15 years
Water Demand Public standposts 40 lcpd House connection 70 lcpd
1/ Includes field allowancesfor seconded staff. -47 ~ ANNEX 1 Page 10
Allowances as appropriate should be made in each case for institutional, commercial/animaland industrialuse. For small municipalitiesor rural centers with a pollution > 10000 a minimum of 100 1/cd should be assumed.
Service Levels Hand pumps 1 per 150 persons, maximum distance 250m Public standposts l per 250
System Losses New systems 15Z of gross demand Mixed old/new systems If losses in existing system exceed 20Z, leakage repair shall be carried out.
Pumping Systems Standby Capacity 1 or 2 pumps 1 standby 2 pumps or more 2 standbys
Pumping Hours Small villages < 1000 population 8 hours minimum Villages > 1000 population 12 hours minimum Large and regional schemes 16 hours minimum
Daily Water Supply Periods
It should be aimed at supplyingwater for 24 hours. Interrupted services cause suctions in the pipes which may lead to water contamination. Continuous supply would also eliminate the need for additionalwater supply installationsof each house.
Water Treatment Ground water Disinfectiononly. Surfacewater Flocculation,sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. Plants to have a minimum of mechanical equipment and power dependance
Storage
Balancing clear water reservoir at treatment plant 1-2 hours master balancing reservoirs in regional schemes up to 6 hours, service reservoirsup to 50Z of daily demand. These are guidelinesonly. Actual capacitiesshould be determinedby supply/demandanalysis.
Peak Factors Transmission mains - not more than 2.0 depending on pumping hours and storage Distribution mains - 3.0 depending on schemes size and daily supply times Flow in Pipes (DistributionSystems) Average velocity - 0.3 to 0.5 m/s
Minimum PiDe Size Service connections to single private tap - 12mm Service connections to single stand post - SOmm All other pipes minimum diameter - 65mm - 48--O~ - 43 - ~~~~~ANNEXI Page 11
Water Hammer Water hammer analysis should be carried out on all transmissionmains and the appropriatepipe class and surge protection devices used.
System Pressures Minimum residual pressure at peak supply - 8m head for single story buildings Maximum pressure in distributionsystem - 50m head
Systems Layout
(a) Systems layout should be designed following good engineeringpractice which will include: release valves at all high spots, scour valves at all low spots, thrust/anchorblocks at all horizontal and vertical bends, distributionsystem valves at all major branches and a minimum cover of 80cm for mains less than lOOmm dia and 90cm cover for mains greater than 100mm dia.
(b) Wherever possible standard designs should be used for treatment plants, reservoirs,pumping stations and other structures.
(c) Adequate provision should be made for the disposal of spillagewater at standposts.
(d) Where house connectionsare provided, the house owner shall construct a soak-away pit for sullagewater.
Pipeline Materials
These should be chosen on the basis of satisfying performancecriteria and least cost. Exceptionsmay apply in special cases. Cast iron, duktile iron and steel pipes shall have cement mortar lining. Specificationsfor plastic pipes shall include that the pipe performance (eg: elasticity,strength) shall not deteriorate in any way by storage of pipes in the sun and by water temperatures in the pipes of up to 35 C.
Service Connections
All service connections to distributionmains should be made using appropriate saddles and connectors.
Metering Bulk meters to be provided at the outlets of all treatmentplants and reservoirs. 491_ ANNEX1 Page 12
Component2: EnvironmentalSanitation A. Latrines
2.01 InstitutionalResponsibility. Primary responsibility for implementingthis componentwill be with the ten ZillaParishads which are responsiblefor qualitycontrol of the constructionand administrationof the subsidy. Withinthe ZillaParishad, the JuniorEngineer (Works) would be responsiblefor supervisionof constructionand the JuniorEngineer and Block DevelopmentOfficer would be responsiblefor jointlyadministering the subsidy. NGOs and MultipurposeWorkers (Hale and Female)are expectedto take primary responsibilityfor promotinglatrines by interactingwith individualfamilies and communities.The PPMU would have responsibilityfor monitoringthe implementationwith assistancefrom the Task Force. GOM will providean environmentalsanitation strategy paper which will indicatean implementation programfor the remainingyears of the project,including a cleardefinition of agencyresponsible and role of NGOs and relatedtraining programs.
2.02 Duringthe 7th Five Year Plan,the governmentconstructed about 14,000latrines under different programs. Presentcoverage of latrineusage in ruralareas in the stateis estimatedat 6X. Thereis no ongoinggovernment programto promotelatrine usage. NGOs in partsof the statehave undertaken innovativeand successfulschemes to promotelatrines.
2.03 ComponentDescription. The main objectivesof this componentare: (a) to ensurethat the marketmechanism is in place in all 10 districtsfor individualsto purchasewith or withoutgovernment subsidy a low cost latrine model (primarilythe twin pit pour flushmodel but othermodels could be used dependingon the localconditions) and to ensurethat sufficientmasons are trainedto providefor qualitycontrol in construction;and (b) to installon a demandbasis latrinesin the 10 districtsin villageswith pipedwater supply schemes. Targetvillages have been identifiedas follows: (a) firstpriority to projectvillages (those receiving piped water supplyschemes) with populationsof 1,500or above (316villages or 1.4 population);(b) second priorityto projectvillages with pipedwater with populationsbetween 1,000- 1,500 (126villages or 0.2 millionpopulation); (c) thirdpriority to non- projectvillages with pipedwater supplyand populationsof 1,000and above (about600 villagesor 1.9 millionpopulation). The latrineswould be constructedat the ownerscost with a subsidyprovided by government.
2.04 The averagecost of a low cost model usingbrick constructionfor the superstructureis estimatedat Rs. 2100 in end 1990 prices. The subsidyfor the latrineprogram would be as follows: a) for ScheduledCastes and Tribes-- GOH (Rs. 1080),ZP (Rs. 360);and b) for all others--GO!(Rs. 1080). The subsidywould be administeredjointly by the JuniorEngineer and Block DevelopmentOfficer on a phasedbasis. Fiftypercent of the subsidywould be givenafter completion of constructionup to the plinthlevel and the remaining 502 aftercompletion of the superstructure.The full subsidywould be given to each beneficiaryregardless of the type of superstructurechosen or whetherthe beneficiarycontributes his/her own labortoward construction. -50 - ANNEX 1 Page 13
2.05 Training of local masons would be carried out by trainerswith good constructionand training skills on a phased basis. This training could be conductedby NGOs with experience in constructinglow cost models. This training will be monitored by the PPMU. Demonstrationlatrines in project villages would be used for training purposes. Training fees equivalent to one day wage would be paid to the local masons for attending the training sessions.
B. Drainage
2.06 InstitutionalResponsibility. The Zilla Parishad EngineeringWings would be responsiblefor the constructionof drainage systems. Schemes would be prepared by the Deputy Engineering (PW) and approved by the Executive Engineer (PW) in each Zilla Parishad and a SuperintendingEngineer in MWSSB. The final designs would be approved and constructionquality monitored by the Engineering Cell of the PPMU. The design population for this component is estimated at 783,430 (based on the 1981 ceneus). It would cover 25 villages with population over 10,000 and approximately50 other villages with populationsabove 5,000 with soil conditions or population densitieswhich do not permit the use of soak pits and, thus, require a drainage system.
2.07 Soak pits would be constructedat the owners expense. Monitoring of soak pit constructionand maintenancewould be the responsibilityof the Block Extension Officer Health and the MultipurposeWorker(M) in each block.
2.08 There are no existing programs to promote drainage system. Such systems are taken up by the district or village governmentson a demand basis. The systems are financed on a cost sharing basis between the state and district governments. Funds are also provided for drainage under the rural employment schemes funded by the central government (i.e., JRY program).
2.09 Component Description. This componentwould finance surface drains to carry sullage in villages with populationswith more than 10,000 in the year 2006 and in smaller villages where soak pits would not be sufficientdue to soil conditions or population congestion. The drainage system would consist of branch lines in by-lanes for collecting and carrying sullagewaste water from households,main line drains, cross drains and final disposal pits.
2.10 The componentwould be financed on a cost sharing basis between the state and the zilla parishad/villagepanchayats. The state would provide a subsidy of 50Z while the remaining 50Z would come from the resourcesof the zilla parishad or village panchayat. Funds from employment schemes provided to the zilla parishads could be used to finance the 50Z contributionas well as labor contributionsfrom the village.
2.11 The drainage systems for villages with populationsof 10,000 or more and villages with poor soil conditionswould be required as part of receiving the water supply scheme. Thus, the project would require a resolution from the zilla parishad and the gram panchayat indicating their willingness to provide their contributionto the capital costs and to assume full financial and administrativeresponsibility for the operation and maintenance of the drains. 51 - ANNEX1 Page 14
2.12 Soak pit constructionwould be required for any household taking a private connection from piped water supply schemes constructedunder the project. The hand over agreements should be modified to include this requirement. A government order has been issued giving the BEOH authority to issue a "no objection, certificatewhich verifies that a soak pit has been constructedby households seeking a private connection.
C. Solid Waste
2.13 InstitutionalResponsibility. This componentwould be the responsibilityof the Deputy Engineer (PW) in each Zilla Parishad with approval from the Executive Engineer (PW). This componentwould only be implemented in villages with surface drains and where a high percentage (50Z) of the households adopt latrines. Technicalhelp in organizing a solid waste disposal system (includingcollection and final disposal)would be provided by the Junior Engineer (Works) at the block level.
2.14 Component DescriDtion. This componentwould consist of refuse bins placed on cement concrete platforms each of 90 mm diameter and 800 mm high with M.S. flat rings at both ends. Each bin would have a capacity of 500 litres and would be placed at a ratio of one per 500 population. Alternative designs for the bins should be explored to develop bins which are easy to handle and empty. The bins would be provided as an incentive scheme for villages with 502 adoption of latrines and where surface drains are also being provided. The bins would be provided with a 90Z subsidy from the state government. A 10 contribution would be required from the 2P or villages. The villages would also be responsiblefor providing bullock carts. Although this would be a demand based component, it is estimated that 6,000 bins would be required.
D. SUHMARYCOST ESTIMATES Sher In Taxes Procurement LcgcI Foreln Tote1 DuSGS by -in Rnli*lflon- A. Latrinoe 80,000Tltrin*s 99.6 5.2 105.0 10.5 Other B. Drrlnag iusilsurface drains for sul lags In 76 villagoe 47.5 2.5 60.0 4.0 LCB C. Refuse Bins 6,000refuse bin* Base cost, Ro.2000 per unlt 11.4 0.6 12.0 1.2 LCB Total 156.7 8.8 167.0 16.7 (9.4average) _ - ANNEX1 Page 15
Component3: HealthCommunication
3.01 InstitutionalResponsibility. The Department of Public Health would have primary responsibilityfor implementingthis component. Within the DOPH, the State Health Education Bureau would have responsibilityfor providing the health educationmaterials. The key personnel at the field level would be the District Extension and Media Officer (DEMO),Block Extension Officer, Health (BEOH) and the MultipurposeWorker (Male and Female). The responsibilityfor the training curriculum and organizing trainers for training of the BEOH and MPW (M) would be the Public Health Institute in Nagpur.
3.02 Component Description. This componenthas three main objectives. The primary objective is to create greater community awareness and demand in the following areas: (1) personal and family hygiene; (2) promotion of latrine usage; (3) community responsibilityfor the operation and maintenance of water supply schemes (includingwater consumer awareness);and (4) community responsibilityfor the maintenance of drainage (from public or private sources). The second objective of the component is to redefine the responsibilitiesof the Block Extension Officer Health (BEOH) and the MultipurposeWorker (Male) so that more of their time in the field is spent on water related and sanitation activities and to provide training for this reorientation. The third objective of this component is to provide greater awareness of water related and sanitationproblems among health personnel through revised curriculum in their basic training. The health communicationcomponent would focus on message developmentand delivery systems for the community. The health communication aspects of reaching the secondarytarget groups would consist of training materials and revised curriculum.
3.03 The component would be implementedin three phases. The first phase consists of strategy developmentwhich would be undertaken by consultants in close consultationwith the SHEB, PPMU and the Task Force. Thiristrategy developmentwould require about one year and would focus on 30-40 project villages with populations over 1,500. Training curriculum and programs would also be developed during this strategy phase. Phase two which would begin in the second year of the project would be the implementationof the strategy and training programs in the ten project districts. During the third year of the project, there would be a mid-term review. Following the mid-term review, a third phase would begin which would involve training of health personnel and provision of education equipment and materials in nonproject districts.
3.04 The componentwould also include strengtheningof the water quality monitoring system. This would require strengtheningthe staff and facilities of the state, regional and district Public Health Laboratoriesin all the districts in the state. The BEOH and MPW(M) would have responsibilityfor monitoring water quality and assisting the PHLs in collecting samples. They would be provided with sample kits for that purpose. The Zilla Parishad would be required to purchase bleaching powder and ensure that water systems under their control were properly chlorinated. - 53 -
ANNEX 1 Page 16
3.05 The component would consist oft (a) employment of health communication consultants; (b) strengthening of SHEB through the provision of new office space, furniture and equipment; (c) production of training and health education materials; (d) audio visual equipment and vehicles for the district and block level, (e) strengthening Public Health Laboratories for water quality testing at the state, regional and districts level through the provision of equipment, materials and vehicles, (f) employment of consultants (NGOs) to undertake training of health personnel and (g) studies and development of an MIS system related to water and sanitation.
3.06 Implementation. Target villages would be determined by the PPMU. During the first three years, the target villages would be coordinated with the villages identified under the latrine program.
BASE COST ESTIMATES AND PROCUREMENT
Share In Procurement Doeonrption Local Foreign Total Taxes by --- In R Million ---- A) LocalConsultants I) ProgrosaiveRes. Aide,Prop. 1.1 - 1.1 0.1 Other -T) Healthfirm, Communication (fees materials,transport, per diem) 8.0 - 8.0 0.1 Othor B) Constructionof SHEB office building 2.8 0.2 2.5 0.2 LC8 C) SHED offic furnlehinge 0.6 - 0.5 0.1 LS D) HealthCommunications Materials 40.1 2.1 42.2 4.2 LCB E) Equipment 1) AAS A HPLC for PAL - 8.0 8.0 - LIB ti) OtherEquipment for PHL 18.0 1.0 19.0 1.9 LCB IIt)PCH Linoe 10.9 0.6 11.6 1.2 LCB F) Vehicles,PCH A Districte 9.0 2.2 11.2 8.4 ICe TOTAL 64.9 9.1 94.0 11.2 (11.9Xavg.) RetroactiveFinancing 2.1 - 2.1 TOTAL 82.8 9.1 91.9 -54- ANNEX I Page 17
Component 4, InstitutionalStrengthening
Subcomponent: Project Planning & Monitoring Unit
A. Descriptionand Cost Estimates
4.01 The PPMU would be establishedunder the Secretary,RDD, and would locate its headquartersin Bombay. The PPHU would act as a secretariatto the State Project Steering Committeewhich would be chaired by the Secretary, RDD. The PPMU Director would be at the rank of Deputy/JointSecretary.
4.02 The overal; responsibilityof the PPMU would be to provide, on a daily basis, project planning support, technical guidance to the implementing agencies, and independentmonitoring of project implementationto ensure high technical standards and that the project achieves its overall objectives. The PPMU would also provide support in the areas of strategy development for health education and environmentalsanitation, community participation,the involvement of NGOs, and training. The MWSSB, ZP EngineeringWings, DOPH and GSDA would have full responsibilityfor the implementationof their respectivecomponents. Regarding the involvementof NGOs, the PPMU would be supportedby the Government-NGOTask Force. The Director of the PPMU would be a member of the Task Force.
4.03 Project management would be coordinatedand guided on a periodic basis by the project state and district level steering committees establishedby RDD. A reportingmechanism has been established for the coordinationcommittees. PPMU staff would be expected to attend district committee meetings. The PPMU would be responsible for independentlyassessing the quality of engineering wr:ks, ensuring that World Bank procurementguidelines are followed,ensuring community (beneficiary)involvement in implementationand monitoring,and assisting the Secretary, RDD in ensuring that the project is implemented according to the Credit Agreement signed with the World Bank.
4.04 In terms of overall project implementation,the Secretary RDD as head of the nodal agency would have the main responsibilityand authority. Any serious matters involving project management, funding or implementation identified by the PPMU Director would be referred to the SecretaryRDD and the State Project Steering Committee.
PPHU Director
4.05 As head of the PPMU, the overall responsibilitiesof the Director would be to:
(a) plan, coordinate and monitor the programs of the implementing agencies;
(b) with assistance of the Task Force, wherever necessary,manage the program involvingNGOs;
(c) provide advice to the Steering Committee with regard to the timely - 55 - ANNX 1 Page 18
implementationof the project, effectlve control of costs and the acceptable quality of the works;
(d) act as secretariatto the State Project Steering Committee.
4.06 The Director's specific responsibilitieswould, subject to the flnal approval of the state level project steering committee, includes
(a) preparation of annual action programs for the project for review by the World Bank includingannual investmentsin rural water supply, envlronmentalsanitation, health education, communityparticipation, technical assistance and training;
(b) assist in the preparationof strategy reports for World Bank review on environmentalsanitation and health education;
(c) coordinationand preparationof detailed annual training plans for all implementingagencies and sanction funds for such training;
(d) with assistance of the Task Force, preparationof detailed annual plan for NGO participationincluding training of health personnel, masons and caretakers, implementationof the latrine component, formation of water committees and other community organizationactivities for water supply and sanitation,implement pilot schemes for women, and project monitoring at the village level;
se) with assistanceof the Task Force, coordinate and manage funding arrangementsfor NGOs;
(f) preparation of monthly monitoring reports for the State Project Steering Committee and quarterlymonitoring reports for the World Bank and preparation of reporting format for World Bank quarterly reports;
(g) preparation of annual village targets, in consultationwith MWSSB for use in implementingthe health education and environmental sanitationprograms;
(h) manage the preparation of Project Completion Report for the World Bank.
Procurement
4.07 In terms of procurement,the PPMU's main responsibilitieswould be:
(a) to advise the implementingagencies on the standards, formats and procedures required for procurement according to World Bank guidelines and the Credit Agreement signed with the World Bank;
(b) to ensure that the standard terms and conditions are in conformity with World Bank guidelines for tender documents prepared by various implementingagencies, and bid evaluationsand contract award recommendationsprepared by the implementingagencies as appropriate; 56 - ANNEX 1 Page 19
Cc) to forward tender documents, bid evaluationsand contract award recommendationsas indicated in the Credit Agreement to the World Bank for review and approval.
Ensineering
4.08 The main engineeringresponsibilities of the PPMU would be:
(a) to advise the implementingagencies on high quality design standards for rural water supply and drainage systems;
(b) to ensure the designs of water supply and drainage schemes to ensure that adequate mapping, consumer demand analyses and criteria and standards agreed with the World Bank have been employed;
(c) to ensure (based on criteria and standardsagreed with the World Bank) all tender documents for contracts involvingengineering works;
(d) to ensure acceptable standardsof site supervisionand construction work of water supply and drainage schemes by actual, on-site checking during various stages of constructionup to and including the final commissioningof the works;
Ce) to keep copies of records of all contracts and payments made against them.
Health and Sanitation Communications
4.09 The PPMU's monitoring of and support to the health communicationsand environmentalsanitation componentswould be with the assitance of the Task Force. The main responsibilitiesfor health and sanitationcommunications would bes
(a) to assist in the preparationof the strategy reports for heaith education and environmentalsanitation to be submitted to the World Bank;
(b) to support the implementationof the health education and environmentalsanitation strategies;
(c) to carry out periodic impact evaluation studies of the project using participatorymonitoring and evaluation to determine the views of the project beneficiaries.
Training
4.10 The main training responsibilities of the PPMUwould be:
(a) to prepare annual training plans for all components and to prepare the training investment program for the annual action program; 57 - ANNEX 1 Page 20
(b) to coordinate the implementationof the training plan with DOPH, MWSSB, GSDA, ZPs and GOIs
(c) to plan, organize and make recommendationsto the PPMU Director regarding study tours for all implementingagencies (inter-stateand foreign) utilizing high quality institutionsin India and applying high technical standardswhich are relevant to India in selecting countries for foreign tours;
(d) to assist in carrying out workshops to ensure that the strategies developed for health education and environmentalsanitation are imparted to the government departmentsand NGOs;
(e) to prepare proposals for MWSSB and ZP EngineeringWing training which would utilize high quality existing institutionsthroughout India in a creative and dynamic program to improve the quality of performance of MWSSB and ZP EngineeringWing personnel.
Finance
4.11 The main finance responsibilitiesof the PPMU would be:
(a) to vouch and record monthly transaction summaries received from various implementingagencies;
(b) to maintain adequate records and copies of support documentationfor project expenditures;
(c) to monitor expenditureson various schemes relative to scheme cost estimates and physical progress;
(d) to generate various financial reports and analysis needed for the continued planning and control of the project;
(e) to prepare Withdrawal Applicationsand Statements of Expenditure (SOEs) required for the drawing of World Bank funds.
Government and Technical Assistance Requirement
1 Director (Deputy/JointSecretary) 1 Chief Engineer 1 Desk Officer, (AssistantSecretary) 1 Senior officer for training from RDD or MWSSB 1 Accounts Officer 1 MIS Coordinator 2 data entry operators 2 filing clerks Other Support staff Government-NGOTask Force Consultants for evaluating constructionquality, health communication, impact evaluation and management - 58 - ANNEX 1 Page 21
Base Cost Estimates and Procurement
Local ~ForJjn Totl Share In Procureaent Descriotl on I n W ion -- Taxee kh
1) Local Consultants 300 MVH at Re 40,000 12.0 - 12.0 0.6 Other 2) Offltc Equipmnt 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 LCB 8) Vohiclte 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.3 ICB TOTAL 18.5 0.8 18.8 1.0 (7.2X avg.)
B. PPMU: Terms of Reference for Health Communications,Environmental Sanitation and Training
Terms of Reference fpr Consulting Firm
4.12 The GOH would qmplo, a consulting firm to provide expert staff to assist the PPMU during project implementation. The consulting firm would be employed for three to five years and would provide staff according to an agreed work program.
4.13 Working under the guidance and supervisionof the PPMU Director, the consultantswould fully participate in preparing the reports and other documentationrequired by the PPMU. The consultantswould also provide expert advice on the implementationof the environmentalsanitation and health communicationstrategies, apd the preparationand implementationof the training plan. The consultantswould be expected to make frequent field visits to the target villages and to wQrk closely with the field staff of MWSSB, GSDA, DOPH and DRD in implementingthe project. The training expert would work closely with the Nasik Training Center as well as with the Public Health Institute in Nagpur, GSDA and the TaplrForce.
4.14 The consulting firm would be expected to provide the PPMU with about 7 full time individual consultantsduring project implementation. During the first year of the project, three consultantswould be provided which would work with the PPMU toward the developmentof strategies,a training program, and the implementationof the NGO action plan. During the second year of the project, 4 additional consultantswould be employed in teams of two persons. One team would be employed for about 4 years and the second team for about 2 years. The two teams are required because of the large number of villages which need to be covered under the environmentalsanitation and health education components.
4.15 The consulting firm should provide candidates for considerationwhich have strong backgrounds in the social sciences,health communications,and training. The social scientistsand health communicationexperts should have experienceworking in rural areas. The training expert should have a strong -59 - ANNEX 1 Page 22 backgroundworking with public health engineering. The two consultantsemployed during the first year should have a background in the social sciences and preferably have had experiencesworking with or for NGOs. The tow teams employed during the second year should be made up of one social scientist and one health communicationsexpert for each team.
C. PPMU: ConstructionSupervision Monitoring
Introduction
4.16 Construction supervisionfor the water supply schemes will be carried out by MWSSB. However, there is a need for monitoring/controlling the supervisionactivities and the quality of works with the target to improve both efficiency of the supervisorypersonnel and the performance of contractors. In the past, poor constructionof works has led to increased costs for repairs and maintenance. Leakage losses in existing rural water supply systems are so high that in most cases water supply to consumers can only be maintained for a few hours during the day. A recent Government of Maharashtra study confirms the Bank's own experiencewith respect to supervisionand constructionquality.
Project Proposal
4.17 The PPMU under RDD would be responsiblefor constructionsupervision monitoring and control. The demand in staff for carrying out this task will vary in accordancewith the number of active constructionsites. While initially only a few constructionsites may be available, in the peak season when all three lots are awarded a total number of 5 to 30 contractors (depending on how many contractorshave been awarded a slice within a lot) may be active at the same time. Since PPMU will not have the flexibilityto increase and decrease staff in accordance with the constructionactivity, the Government of Maharashtrawould employ a professionalengineering consulting firm and academic engineeringinstitutions (maximum three) for the first three years of the project. The consulting firm would be given responsibilityfor about half the districts and engineering institutionswould be given responsibilityfor the remaining districts. At the end of the three year period, the Government of Maharashtra and the IDA would jointly review the nerformance of these two categories of consultants and also their evaluationsof constructionquality and supervisionand determine the level of constructionquality monitoring for the second half of the project.
Base Cost Estimate and Procurement
4.18 Highly qualified and experiencedexperts of a consultant firm would ae used to perform this task. The cost below include all overheads of the consultant firm, travelling and accommodationccst. It is estimated that about 6 experts would be required in the peak constructionperiod. -60 ANNX 1 Page 23
Description Local ForeignTotal Share Procurement - in Rs Million- Taxes by Duties
Consultantservices (approx.250 mm a Re 40000) 9.5 0.5 10 SZ LCB
Implementation 4.19 The activitiesof the supervisionmonitoring and controlwould have to be performedin accordancewith the constructionactivities. TOR ConstructionSupervision Monitoring 4.20 Introduction.The ProjectPlanning and MonitoringUnit (PPMU)under the Rural DevelopmentDepartment (RDD) requests the servicesof a consultant firm for assistancein monitoringof constructionactivities for the RuralWater Supplyand SanitationProject which is financedby World Bank. The actual constructionsupervision is carriedout by the MaharashtraWater and Sewerage Board (MMSSB)which is full responsiblefor this activity. The consultant's responsibilityis restrictedto monitoringof these activities. 4.21 ProjectArea, Periodand Intensityof ConstructionWorks. The constructionactivities are spreadover 10 Districtsof Maharashtra(see attachedmap). It is estimatedthat constructionactivities start in July 1991 and will be completedin June 1996. Therewill be about 180 individualvillage water supplyschemes and 75 large regionalschemes. All works will be awarded in three lots of about equal size,the first lot in June 1991, the secondlot about one year later in June 1992 and the third lot in January1993. All lots have approximately10 slicesand a contractorcan bid on one or all slices. Dependingon the evaluationfor the lowestbidders the numberof contractorson the site at a certaintime may vary from about 5 to a maximumof 30 contractors and the numberof constructionsites will be a multipleof the numberof contractors.The contractorswill have to completetheir work withina two to three year period. Neverthelessthere will be a peak constructionperiod after the award of the third lot. 4.22 Obiectivesof the ConsultantsAssignment. The objectiveof the monitoringand controlactivities will be to obtainhigh qualityconstruction works and a minimumof leakagein the water supplysystems thus minimizing futurerepair and maintenanceworks and water fees. 4.23 Scope of Works. The consultantmay have to inspectthe works under constructionat least two times in the case of individualvillage water schemes and five times in the case of large regionalschemes. This would includethe participationin the final commissioningof the works of the particularscheme. In additionthe consultantwill be requestedto participatein World Bank missions,make specialvisits in case problemsarise at a constructionsite, reportto and participatein meetingsof the PPMU. The consultantwill have to assignexperts in accordancewith the constructionprogress. It is estimated -61 - ANNEX I Page 24 that in the peak constructionperiod about 6 experts would be necessary to perform the requested tasks. On the constructionmLtes the expert will have tos
(a) inspect all works completed or under constructionand make notes of all works and materials which are not in accordancewith the specifications
(b) report on reasons for constructiondelays
(c) report on the performanceand competence of the local construction supervisor(s)of MWSSB
(d) participate in major pressure tests for pipelines
te) participate in the final commissioningof the works and pressure test for the whole new system.
4.24 Qualifications. The experts assigned to the job shall be senior engineers and have a minimum of 10 years experience in design and supervisionof water supply facilities.
4.25 ConsultantsProposal and Bid Evaluation. The bid submitted to PPMU shall consist of two parts.
(a) Part 1 shall be the "technicalproposal' which should contain information about the firm's experience in the water sector, a proposal of how the consultant intends to organize the field visits, report writing etc, and the C.V'A of the proposed staff.
(b) Part 2 of the proposal shall be the price proposal which shall be based on man months rates and shall include all expenses like overheads of the firm, travel cost, accommodation. The rate shall be valid for a period of two years, thereafter an increase in accordancewith inflationcan be negotiated.
In the evaluation of bids three factorswill be considered: (i) the experience of the firm; (ii) the C.V's of the proposed staffg (iii) bid price will be taken into consideration;and (iv) a maximum of 25150/25 points will be attached to the respective factors in evaluating the bids.
D. Scheme Design: Consultancy Services for Preparationof Final Design and Tender Documents for Water Supply Schemes
Introduction
4.26 NWSSB is responsiblefor the preparationof final designs and tender documents for all piped water supply systems. However, NWSSB is using consultantsto assist them in carrying out the studies and preparing tender documents. ~62 - ANNEX 1 Page 25
Descriptionof the ConsultancyServices
4.27 Preparationof preliminaryand final designs and tender documents for the water supply schemes included in Phase 1 have been entrusted to M/s. Kirloskar Consultants,Pune. The consultant is at present completing these services. Because of the large scope of work and in order to save time, the final designs includingtopographical surveys for Phase 2 have been entrusted to two consultants. These consultantsare:
(a) Kirloskar Consultants,Pune, will prepare the designs for the schemes in the 6 districtsAbmednagar, Aurangabad, Beed, Latur, Buldhana and Chandrapur.
(b) Shah Technical Consultants,Pune will prepare the designs for the remaining four districts Thane, Pune, Satara and Sangli.
4.28 Two small special studies, a survey of the performance of existing low cost water works (plantsdesigned by Dr. Kardile) in Haharashtra and a survey of water losses in existing rural water distributionsystems has been entrusted to Professor B.L. Hahabal of Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay. Both studies are at present in progress.
Cost Estimate. Procurement and RetroactiveFinancing
Local Foreign Total Share in Procurement Description ---- in Rs Million ---- Taxes by
Phase 1 studiest Kirloskar Cons. 3.80 0.20 4.00 5Z LCB Phase 2 studies: Kirloskar Cons. 6.70 0.40 7 00 5X LCB Shah Tech. Cons. 6.10 0.30 6.40 St LCB Special studiest V.J.T.I 0.20 0.00 0.20 5? Appointment
Grand Total 16.70 0.90 17.60
Retroactive Financing: 11
Retroactive financing 11.49 0.61 12.10 5?
Financing after project effectiveness 5.21 0.29 3.50 5?
1/ MWSB has requested the Bank to finance retroactivelyconsultant charges for services n- to the expected date of effectiveness(Mid 1991). -63 - ANNEXI Page 26
Implementation 4.29 It is expectedthat the consultantscan completethe designsand tenderdocuments for Phase 2 as follows: 1st. lot December1991 2nd. lot October 1992
E. Training 6.30 InstitutionalResponsibility. The PPMU with assistancefrom the Task Force would have overallresponsibility for planningand coordinatingthe trainingcomponent. The MWSSB,GSDA and DOPH would have responsibilityfor preparingthe trainingprogram for their respectivestaff. In the case of villagemasons and mechanics,existing training courses should be utilizedto the extentpossible.
4.31 ComponentDescription. There would be five subcomponentsfor training. Thesewould be as followst
(a) PPMU Mi) projectmanagement training for PPMU staff; (b) MMSSB
Mi) strengtheningof the Nasik TrainingCenter (NTC) in the MWSSB throughconstruction of classrooms,laboratories and hostels, introduction of mobile training units for training field staff, and improvedcurriculum development;
(ii) in-service training for engineering staff of MWSSB and the zilla parishadsto upgradetheir skillsin management, design, projec.tpreparation and implementation,labor management, environmentalsanitation, O&M and greatersocial awareness;
liii) O&M trainingfor fieldstaff involvedwith pipedwater supply schemes;
(iv) overseastraining for higherlevel engineering and management staff of MVSSB (c) DOPH
Ci) curriculumdevelopment and trainingfor BEOH and MPW(M);
tii) curriculum development and training for other field staff related to water and sanitation; Ciii) orientation workshops for project related staffg 64 ANNEX 1 Page 27
(d) GSDA
Mi) training in remove sensing and hydrologicalgeophyscial survey tecniques through short terms courses at various centers in India and abroad;
(e) Other Training
(i) maintenance training for village hand pump mechanics;
(ii) training for village masons in latrine construction;
(iii) orientationworkshops for local village leaders and other government staff not employed by the implementingagencies whose duties would involve them indirectly in the project.
4.32 Implementation. An annual training plan would be prepared by the PPMU with inputs from the implementingagencies and would be reviewed as part of the annual action program prepared for the World Bank.
Base Cost Estimates and Procurement
Description Share in Procurement Local Forelun Total Taxes by - - :InR i ll on - I. PPW (a) PPMU,domestic se inars, 5 x 4,000 20.0 - 20.0 - Other
Sub-total I 20.0 - 20.0 II. MNSS=/ZP (b) UWSSB,strengthen RTC (1) civilworks 6,900.0 600.0 9,400.0 900.0 LCB (11) furnishings and equIpmnt 7,100.0 400.0 7,500.0 760.0 LCD (III) mobile van* 900.0 240.0 1,200.0 U80.0 ICB (iv) equlpmntfor van, 476.0 26.0 600.0 50.0 LCD (c) NTC materials 952.0 50.0 1,002.0 100.0 LCB (d) NTC professlonalfee and per diem 1,706.0 90.0 1,798.0 90.0 Other (C) Overoes Training - 3,500.0 0,500.0 - Othor Sub-total II 20,0965.0 9,805.0 29,900.0 2,260.0(Cx average) Ill. DOPH (a) PHI Cl)professional fe_ 1,900.0 100.0 2,000.0 100.0 Oth-r CIi) material 475.0 25.0 500.0 50.0 LC8 HFWTCmaterials 475.0 25.0 500.0 50.0 LCD OrientationWorkshops 950.0 50.0 1,000.0 100.0 Other Sub-totalIII ,600.0 200.0 4,000.0 80.0 (CX average) - 65- ANNEX 1 Page 28
Deecritlon Share In Procurement Local Forelan Total Taxen by z -- In me million ---- IV. OthorTraining (a) Villagehand pumpmechanics (I) professionalfeea 1,000.0 - 1,000.0 - Other (ii)materials 760.0 40.0 600.0 60.0 LCB (b) Village masons (I) professionalfee 200.0 - 200.0 - Other (I materials 206.0 15.0 800.0 80.0 LC3 (c) Orientationworkshops for local leadersA othergovt. staff (I) professionalfes 200.0 - 200.0 - Other (11)*xtrials 96.0 6.0 100.0 10.0 LCB Sub-total IV 2,640.0 60.0 2,600.0 120.0 (6X average) GRANDTOTAL (I-IV) 27,085.0 14,465.0 41,600.0 2,070.0 (6.4X)
F. Community Participation
4.33 InstitutionalResponsibility. The PPMU with assistance from the Task Force would have primary responsibilityfor ensuring community participationin the project. The implementingagencies have responsibilityfor working with the villages in planning and implementingthe project components. District Project Steering Committees have been establishedto involve the relevant government officials at the local level. NGOs are representedon these committees.
4.34 Component Description. This componentwould support grass root NGO activities such as organizing village water and sanitationcommittees, implementingthe incentive schemes and assisting the implementingagencies in organizing communities for participationin the project. This component would also support pilot schemes identifiedby the Task Force.
4.35 Implementation. The planning, and monitoring of activities and expenditures under this component would be undertaken by the PPNU with assistance from the Task Force throughout the project implementationperiod.
BASE COST ESTIMATESAND PROCUREMENT Description Share In Procuremnt Local Frglon Total Taxes by --- In RC11111on I. PPMU 1) Local Consultants 800 MOH at Re 40,000 12.0 - 12.0 0.6 Other 2) OffIce EquIpmnt 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.1 LCB 8) Vehicles 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.8 iCB Sub-total I 18.5 0.8 18.6 1.0 (7.2X average) I. Community Partiecpation (NOOs) 1) LocalConsultants 0.0 - 9.0 0.6 TOTALI and SI 22.6 0.2 22.6 1.8 (6Caverage) -66 - ANNEX 1 Page 29
G. MWSSB/Zilla Parishads/GSDA/RDD
Introduction
4.36 The MaharashtraWater Supply and Sewerage Board (MWSSB), the Zilla Parishads, the Ground Water Survey and DevelopmentAgency (GSDA) and the Rural DevelopmentDepartment (RDD) of the Government of Maharashtrahave requested IDA to finance part of their special needs for office equipment and materials, technical equipment and transportation.
Cost Estimate and Procurement
4.37 A detailed list of requiredmaterials will be submitted at negotiations. In preliminarydiscussions during project appraisal a total amount of Rs.30 million has been earmarked for these purposes.
Local Foreign Total Share in Procurement Description ---- in Rs Million ---- Taxes
Locally available equipment and materials 17.00 3.00 20.00 2.0 LCB/LS Limportedequipment 5Q00 S00 10,00 5.0 ICBIIS Office Buildings 12.70 2.30 lS.00 0.15 LCB
Total 34.70 10.30 45.00 7.15 (15.9Z average)
Implementation
4.38 It is assumed that the goods will be procured in several small packages over the whole project period. - 67 - ANNEX2
INDIA
MAHRAASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT
Prolect ImplementationSchedule
…------:----~----t---- 0----- :- -.
______------* e2 2
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------S ---- ___:! :t 3. Sza 4 VS_tS -~~~_ S S* ~___ ~ * ~S:I8 - .S ____ ,-- t-- a I-I-S:__I
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3 __ .~~~. _ _U._t.~ _ 0-l:{-5:-|-L33 -~~~~ la ^ ~ ~ m ______.______ '.416, 6 *-of I 3 ee u m Ii a., 54 .4 | R pM. ;Z _- __-- ____s - 68 - ANNEX3 Page 1 INDTA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT Project Cost Schedule POE MSTESIRTE MOEiTMST E (in Rsmillim) (in us dilli) OtIPTIW MTULPROME TST i TIL PRE COT PMDi TUTI BMEFEIU TUTALNM FVEIM LC FC TUTAL COSTMST MST IC ECTUTIL MST MST MST AMY MEW Flng 1"illap us 25.08 4.59 29.67 0.93 1.3115.47 1.410.2 1.67 1.19 1.3115.47 Rkimial VS 312.9162.39 375.20 11.74 16.59 16.63 17.57 3,51 21.0 14.9716.59 16.63 Phase2 WS.Stbms m.70 151.11 924.91 28.4 0.90 16.34 3.479.09 51.96 36.9140.90 16.34 :99AWorks lEquips. 70.7716.05 96.82 2.72 3.94 19.4 3.990.90 4.3 3.47 3.4 19. - works 20.00 5.00 25.00 0.78 1.1120.00 1.120.2 1.0 1.00 1.1120.00 SANTATIWI 159.658.35 167.00 5.23 7.39 5.00 8.910.47 9.30 6.67 7.3 5.00 01UTALI 161.01Z47.49 16W.3U 5U.43 71.1i 15.39 76.461.94 9.371 M.Z 11.13 15.3y POWJECTSR9Tt ScImedri9gn 5.21 0.29 5.5- 0J7 0@245,27 OM20,02 0.31 0.22 0.24 5.27 Projectuanut unit 13.500.30 13.90 0.43 0.61 2.17 0.760.02 0.78 0.55 0.61 2.17 P3Juperv.smitoring 9.50 0.50 10.00 0.31 0.44 5.00 0.530.03 0.56 0.40 0.44 5.00 USITlrlONBIJILD116: Training uAt.Iuuipm.27.03 14.47 41.50 1.30 1.8434.97 1.52O.9 2.33 1.66 1.9434.8 rn-idt particitln 9.00 0.00 9.00 0.29 0.40 0.00 0.510.00 0.51 0.36 0.40 0.00 MM99ZIILAP.16JD 34.7010.30 45.00 1.41 1.9922.89 1.950.S 2.53 1.90 1.9922.89 IELTNHE0CATIOli 92.90 9.10 91.90 2.9 4.06 9.90 4.650.51 5.16 3.6 4.06 9.90 OIERCWILTNY YERVICES: Leakdetectim - 10.80 2.90 13.60 0.43 0.A020.59 0.610.16 0.76 0.54 0.6020.59 lPIeSUA/r.rMlI0R.STFF C"' 69.50 12.10 50.60 2.52 3.56 15.01 3.950.69 4.53 3.22 3.56 15.01 M1M1ENIEERINB CST 210.1037.10 247.20 7.74 10.9315.01 11.902.09 13.99 9.9710.93 15.01 SB10T1LZ 471.1415.96 50.10 11.462.63 15.:1 Z.47 4.19 41.4- ZZ.2 24.W115. LANACJISITIOUs 4.10 0.00 4.10 0.13 0.19 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.23 0.16 0.19 0.00 EBOACTIWEFINCIN6: Civil works,ut/equipm.63.10 13.20 76.30 2.39 3.3V17.30 3.540.74 4.29 3.05 3.3717.30 Cansultants 13.49 0.71 14.20 0.4 0.63 5.00 0.760.04 0.90 0. 0.63 5.00 s1T1mL4 51.69 14.3M 94.W0 19 4.15 14.1 4.M 0.75 OX 31U 4.11 41 NMEMOST 1912.8434.36 2Z61.20 70.75100.00 15.41 107.4619.57 127.03 90.25100.00 15.41 COHTl0ECIES: Pbsical (IOXsubtotal 1) 136.1024.75 160.95 5.03 15.39 7.651.39 9.04 6.42 15.39 Price(inf .I exmch.rate) 602.75171.03 773.77 24.21 22.10 1.71.2.99 4.69 3.33 63.59 aNiuIl. 4 M.85 195.7/VX4.0z Zt.Z5 20.9 9.34 4.31 1.14 y.en 41.5X XTT.PROECT COST 2651.69544.13 3195.52 100.00 17.03116.92 23.94 140.76 100.00 1.01 - 69 - ANNME3 Page 2 ImplementationProfile, InflationRates and Factors IPLE?MTATIQNPROFILEIINFLATION RATESAND FACTORS,EXO4WE RATES DESCRIPTION YEAR0 YEAR I YEM 2 YEAR3 YEM 4 YEAR5 YER 6 YER7 TOTMAL 1990 1991 12 1993 1994 1995 19% 199 V1EaSItflYSCtHEES: PhaseI Villa WsX : 8I 3 0 I00 Phase2 .chees 0.00 10.00X20.00X 25.00X 25.001 20.00X 100? 6SDAWorks &Equips. 10.00X30.001 30.00X 30.00X O.OO O.OO 100X LeaTagerepTir works 20.00X20.00X 20.00? 20.00X 20.00? 0.00? 100X SANITATIONPROM: 10.00X20.00? 25.00? 25.00? 20.00? 0.00? 100? SUIUIAIw PROJECTSIPUT: Schei designs 50.00X50.00X 100? Projectuanagmeht unit 10.00?15.00X 20.00? 20.002 15.00X 15.00? 5.00? 100? Pr ,ct 94erv.u it. 5.00?15.00? 20.00X 20.00? 20.00? 15.00? 5.00? 100? AStlTUtiuJBILDIIE: Traininm&"t.Ieqi'. 0.00?20.00? 20.002 20.00? 20.00? 10.00? 10.00? lOZ CoinitywaticZiw 5.00215.00?15.00? 20.00? 20.00? 15.002l10.00? lOO i'USSJ/ZIUAP., /RO 5.00?15.00? 15.002 20.00X 20.002 15.00? 10.00? 100O LTH.EDUCTIM: 5.00?15,002 15M0 70W001 200!E 1;Mm! !Q0QK_ 100? OMRCWNSELTNCY SERICES: Leakdetectim onh 20.00?20.00220.00220.00W20.00X 100? ZPIGSDA,FFJFHIIN.STAFEST 20.00?25.002 25.00 10.00210.0010.00? 100? WEESIIERIINCOST 10.00220.00?25.00225.001Z10.00? 10.00? 100 SJUTUTlL2 LADACJISITION: 5.00230.00X30.00230.00? 5.002 100? REWROCVEFINACINI: Civilwarks,uat/equipm. 100.00? 100? Cnsultants 100.00? lOO1 (in?incl.conting.) 7 14 21 24 D 13 1 100 ITION(LOC) 8.4027.00? 7.00? 6.602 6.502 6.50? 6.20? 6.00X INLATION(FOR) 3.60?3.60? 3.60? 3.60W 3.60? 3.6023.602 3.60? LMAL 1.091.15 1.23 1.31 1.40 1.4 1.58 -FOREIGN 1.04 1.07 1.U 1.151.19 1.24 1.28 - 70 - ANN1X3 Page 3 Base Cost by Year (in Rs Million) BAKCOST B YEAR (in Rs illim) DESCRIPTION YEARI YAR2 YEM3 YEM4 E 5 EM 6 VEMR7 TOTAL 1991 199 1993 199 1595 1996 1997 LC FFC C LFCIC PC LC FC 8C FC IC FC LC FC WATERSIPPLYSDJEfS: PhaseI VillageNs 1.25 0.23 5.02 0.92 7.52 1.38 7.52 1.38 3.76 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.7 R-iwil 1 15.64 3.12 62.56 12.48 93.84 19.72 93.94 18.72 46.92 9.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.2 Phase2 k.SIchUS 0.00 0.00 77.37 15.11154.74 30.22 193.43 37.78 193.43 37.79 154.74 30.22 0.00 0.00 924.8 USDAWorks &Equips. 7.06 1.61 21.23 4.82 21.23 4.82 21.23 4.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.8 Leakaoerepir works 0.00 0.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 25.0 SPNITATIONPR06R4M: 0.00 0.00 15.87 0.94 31.73 l.o? 39.66 2.09 39.66 2.09 31.73 1.67 0.00 0.00 167.0 SBTOTAiL1 23.9 4.95186.04 33.16 313.07 37.85 3XF.69 65.77 2B7.77 50.91 190.47 32.89 0.00 0.00 l,G.i PROECTSUPPORT: Schemedesigns 2.61 0.15 2.61 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.5 Projectmnagenmt unit 1.35 0.03 2.03 0.05 2.70 0.06 2.70 0.06 2.03 0.05 2.03 0.05 0.69 0.02 13.8 PINSeTt sO?dJv. onit. 0.49 0.03 1.43 0.08 1.90 0.10 1.90 0.10 1.90 0.10 1.43 0.09 0.48 0.03 10.0 INSTITuT"IOJILDINS' Training& mat./equips. 0.00 0.00 5.412.99 5.41 2.89 5.41 2.99 5.41 2.99 2.70 1.45 2.70 1.45 41.5 Cnmityparticipation 0.45 0.00 1.35 0.00 1.35 0.00 1.90 0.00 1.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.90 0.00 9.0 iEB/liLLAPJSiDWRDD 1.74 0.52 5S !.55 5.21 1.55 6.94 2.06 6.94 2,06 5.21 1.55 3.47 1.03 45.0 HEALTHEDCTION: 4.14 0.46 12.42 1.37 12.42 1.37 16.56 1.92 16.56 1.92 12.42 1.37 8.29 0.91 91.9 OTHERMISLTKICY SERvICES: Leakdetectim survey 0.00 0.00 2.16 0.56 2.16 0.56 2.16 0.56 2.16 0.56 2.16 0.56 0.00 0.00 13.6 ZP/SSDA/DOPHINCR.STAFF COST 13.70 2.4217.13 3.03 17.13 3.03 6.95 1.21 6.85 1.21 6.85 1.21 0.00 0.00 80.6 15 ENGINERINSCOST 21.01 3.71 42.027.42 52.53 9.29 52.53 9.29 21.01 3.7121.01 3.71 0.00 0.00 247.2 45.47 7.30 91.74 17.07100.79 18.82 96.84 17.98 64.65 12.40 55.15 Y.s616.55 3.43 55.1 SUBTOTAL2 556.1 LAtIDAUISITION: 0.21 0.00 1.23 0.00 1.23 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.1 RETROACTIVEFICING: Civilworks,hat/equipm. 63.10 13.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.3 Consultants 13.49 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.2 SU8TUTAL3 76.80 13.91 1.23 0.00 1.23 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 94.6 8ASECOST 146.2326.16 279.02 52.23 415.09 76.63 457.76 93.75 352.63 63.31 245.62 42.85 16.50 3.43 .2,2612 CONTINGENCIES -SICAL 2.40 0.50 18.60 3.52 31.31 5.78 35.97 6.58 28.78 5.09 19.05 3.29 0.00 0.00 160.9 -PRICElLC) 11.44 45.35 103.01 153.73 151.27 12.44 9.50 602.7 (FC) 3.29 14.51 30.84 44.13 41.67 33.66 2.94 171.0 5JBUTOTAL4 13.84 3.78 63.96 18.02134.31 36.6218.70 50.70180.04 46.76147.49 36.95 9.50 2.94 34.6 934.6 TOTALMROECT COST 160.0729.95 342.97 70.25 549.40113.25 64.45 134.46532.67 110.07 39.10 79.90 26.0164.6 3,195.9 ANNEX3 - 71 - Page 4 Bass Cost by Year (ln USS Million) MECT BYYlA (in S uillion) DESCRIPTION YEARI YEAR2 YEAR3 YEAR4 YEMA5 YEM6 YEIRI OTIIL 191 1992 1993 194 1995' 199N 197 LC FC LC FC LC FC LC fC LC FC LC FC LC FC A7ERSlFPLYSGESt PhaseI Villae us 0.07 0.01 0.29 0.05 0.42 0.08 0.42 0.08 0.21 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.7 ReQimalUS &0." .18 3.1S 5.27 1.05 5.27 1: 2:. 0.53 0.00 0. 0 0.00 .1 Phase2 W6.Schme 0 00 .0 .: 85 8.69 170 108 .2 10 87 2.12 8.6 1.7 0 00 0.0 . 6SWorksFAuipa. 0.40 0.09 1.19 0.27 1.19 0.27 1.19 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.9 LeakagQ ririw 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.06 0.22 0.06 0.22 0.06 0.22 0.06 0.22 0.06 0.00 0.00 1.4 SWNITATION 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.05 1.79 0.09 2.23 0.12 2.23 0.12 1.78 0.09 00 0.00 9.4 UIiUwLI 1.33 0.29 10A 1.4L 17.3V 3.25 Z.Z1 3.70 16.17 Z.35 10.70 1 .8p 0.00.yw W 90.4 PROJECTSPRT: Schu duilp 0.15 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.3 Project.mnt utit 0.08 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.8 Project .nit. 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.09 0.00 O.3 0.00 0.6 INSTIUTION111B Training&ut./rqulpm. 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.16 0.30 0.16 0.30 0.16 0.30 0.16 0.15 0.08 0.15 0.08 2.3 Camsmityparticzban 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.5 EMSJ/1LLAP./SDPIID 0.10 0.03 0.29 0.09 0.29 0.09 0.39 0.12 0.39 0.12 0.29 0.09 0.19 0.06 2.5 WELTHEUCATION: 0.23 0.03 0.70 0.08 0.70 0.08 0.93 0.10 0.93 0.10 0.70 0.08 0.47 0.05 5.2 OTHERCON8LTNCY #MCES: Leakdetectim wru 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.9 ZP/6SDAIDOPH14R.STWF COSt 0.77 0.14 0.96 0.17 0.96 0.17 0.38 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.39 0.07 0.00 0.00 4.5 NM EN618IERIN6COST 1.18 0.21 2.36 0.42 2.95 0.52 2.95 0.52 1.18 0.21 1.18 0.21 0.00 0.00 13.9 sUTA Z z.55 0.41 5.15 U.9 3.66 1.06 5.44l. 3.63 0.70 3.10 0.56 0.93 0.19 1.4 31.4 LANDAC9UISITISN: 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.2 EACTMIVEFINACINS: CivilNorks,atiequip. 3.54 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.3 Cansultants 0.76 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.9 bVlTUHL4 * 4.31 0.17 0.07 0.0w 0.07 0.00 0.07 0.o0 Q.01 0.u 0.00 Q.0W 0.w .a 5.3 5.3 DASES 9.22 1.47 15.69 2.93 23.32 4.30 25.72 4.71 19.81 3.56 13.90 2.41 0.93 0.19 127.0 CONrIN8IEBES PHYSICAL 0.13 0.03 1.05 0.20 1.76 0.32 2.02 0.37 1.62 0.29 1.07 0.19 0.00 0.00 9.0 PRICE(LC) -0.06 -0.31 -0.11 0.4k 0.77 0.92 0.00 1.7 (FC) 0.05 0.23 0.52 0.77 0.74 0.61 0.05 3.0 NDluiIL 4 Q.w5 Q.W1 Q.14 0.4 1.65 Q.14 233 1.1; Z.A I.0M 1.99 0.50 0.0 Q.u0 1M.r TOTALPROJECT COST 8.29 1.55 16.41 3.36 24.S7 5.15 28.15 5.95 22.19 4.59 15.79 3.20 1.01 0.25 140.8 TOTAYEM ~V.85 I.i7- u 34.00 Zb..72&.i5 1a." 1.Z5 140.r YEARYEXPDIDITUE PROFIL (in 2) 6.99 14.05 21.40 24.15 19.03 13.49 0.89 100.0 - 72- ANNEX 4 Page 1 INDIA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT Schedule of IDA Disbursements (in US$ Million) Sank FinaneIngYear Disbursement Digburureent Dlebur.emnt QuarterEnding In Quarter Cumulativ U of Totel Profil-(M) 1902 Sept. 80, 1991 a.75 8.75 S.41 Dec. 81, 1991 8.75 7.50 8.82 6.3 March 81. 1992 3.7 11.28 10.26 Juno 80, 10m 8.76 15.05 18.69 1908 Sept. 80, 1992 8.76 16.08 17.18 Dec. 81, 1902 8.76 22.61 20.57 18.7 March 81, 19983 5.2 23.42 25.36 June 80, 1998 5.62 84.24 81.16 1994 Sept. 80, 1953 5.82 40.06 86.45 Dec. 81, 1908 6.62 45.68 41.75 21.2 March 81, 1994 6.62 52.50 47.77 Jun. 80, 1994 6.62 59.12 68.79 1995 Sept.80, 1994 6.62 S6.7S 59.61 Doc. 81, 1994 6.62 72.85 65.68 24.1 March81, 1095 5.85 77.70 70.70 June 30, 1996 6.856 68.0 75.67 1996 Sept.gO, 1995 5.85 U8.41 60.45 Dec. 81, 1906 6.85 98.70 86.81 19.5 March31, 1996 8.77 97.52 68.74 June80, 1996 8.77 101.29 92.17 1997 Sept.80, 1996 8.77 106.06 95.59 Doc. 81, 1998 8.77 106.62 99.02 18.7 March81, 1997 0.44 109.20 99.42 June 80, 1907 0.44 109.70 99.62 1906 Sept.8o, 1997 0.10 109.6 99.91 Doc. 81, 1997 0.10 109.9 100.00 1.0 TOTAL 109.94 100.0 =N NOTE: Numbersmay not tallydue te rounding. _73 - ANNEX4 Page 2 World Bank Financingt Shares - (in US$ Hillion) - DESCRIPTION LUDK. TAXESYEARMI YEAR2 VWM3 YEAR 4 YEA5 A6 YEAR97 TOTAL FWIKIN NO 1991 199 1993 199 1995 199 1997 WEX OUTIES TERSWIPLYSCKfES: Phase1 VillageNS 90? 9.3X 0.07 0.27 0.41 0.41 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.36 RegionalNS 90X 10.3? 0.85 3.40 5.11 5.11 2.55 0.00 0.00 17.02 PWe2| g ~~~~90Xa20: 83Sg4:1 1:0 10:150l8J 8:0 gOO 5 90X 8.0I 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.23 .23 0.23 0.00 1.16 SMNITATIONPOR 90X 9.4? 0.00 0.77 1.53 1.91 1.91 1.53 0.00 7.65 UIUTLI 1r.z, s.n 16.7i 1YlO 13.40 1U.1 0.U. 72.th X of total cost 00.42 PRlOECTSFP08T: Schemdesigns 100? 5.0m 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 Projectmanagemnt unit 100? 7.2? 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.04 0.72 Projectsupr.oonit. 100X 5.0? 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.03 0.53 INSTITUTIONMUILDI8: Trainin& at./equi*Pm. 100? 6.4? 0.00 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.22 0.22 2.18 Cominit articipatxo 100? 1.0? 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.50 ll8S3/ZlAP./6SD qX90?15.9? 0.10 0.29 0.29 0.38 0.38 0.29 0.19 1.91 HIATHEDUCATION: 100X 11.9? 0.23 0.68 0.69 0.91 0.91 0.68 0.45 4.55 OTRCOTSLLTARCY SERVICES: Leakdetection survey 100? 16.5? 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.64 ZP/6SDA/DOPHINCR.STAFF COST 73? 0.0? 0.66 0.83 0.83 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.00 3.32 SSD ENINERIN COST 53? 0.0 0.73 1.47 1.84 1.84 0.73 0.73 0.00 7.35 ;UIJUTOlLZ low 4.zr C.M 4.3 3.2w 23. u.wy ".ll0 2 of total cost 70.17 LANDACQUISITION: OX RETROACTIVEFINACIN: Civil works,mat/equipm.90? 13.12 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.35 Consultants 100? 5.0X 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 wutILu - 4.11 U.W 0.UU U.W0 U.W0 .00 U.W 4.11 Z of total cost 77.34 OST 7.37 14.16 21.25 23.5818.64 12.81 0.98 98.79 CONTIN6CIES PHYSICAL 90? 10.0?0.13 1.01 1.69 1.94 1.54 1.02 0.00 7.32 -PRICE 90? 10.0?0.00 -0.07 0.33 0.96 1.22 1.24 0.11 3.80 B1U01AL4 0.13 0.U4 Z.0Z Z.1 2.716 .2b6 o0.11 11.1l Xof total cost 81.00 ToTALOUDK FINCIN6 7.50 15.11 23.27 26.48 21.4015.06 1.0 109.90 2 of total projectcost 78.08 - 74 - ANNEX5 Page 1 INDIA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT RETROACTIVEFINANCING Introduction 1. The followingworks and goods would qualify for retroactive financing (expenditureafter April 30, 1990): _ ongoing contacts in regional schemes which will be included in the project. LCB procurement arrangementshave been checked and found satisfactory. A time slice of 1 year prior to effectivenessof the IDA project will be considered for financing - supply of hand pumps. Bids under LCB piocedure for a first lot of pumps will be invited. Contract award is expected in March 1991 and delivery is expected before credit effectiveness - supply of drilling rigs. Bids under ICB procedure will be invited. Award is expected in April. Approximatelj 20X of the contract value will be spent prior to credit effectiveness - drilling of borewells and hydrofracturingof wells carried out by GSDA prior to credit effectiveness. It is proposed to finance a portion of the operating and materials cost - water source developmentfor the 8 draught stricken villages of the proposed pilot project. GSDA will carry out part of these works prior to credit effectiveness - mobilizationadvance payment for the proposed first large civil works contract, to be procured under ICB. Award is expected in June 1991 - consultancy services for project preparation. ANNEXS P?8g 2 - 75 - Base Cost Estimates Description Total (Re. M) A) Civil works, material and equipments Ongoing civil works contracts: Agreement B1/18 (SE) 89-90 - Sangli Total value of contractPRs. 1,162,789 Proposed for retroactivefinancing 1.04 Agreement B1117 (SE) 89-90 - Sangli Total value of c#ntract Rs. 3,682,576 Proposed for retroactivefinancing 3.41 Agreement B2/22 (SE) 89-90 - Sangli Total value of contract Rs. 4,752,000 Proposed for retroactivefinancing 3.61 Agreement B2162 90-90- Pune Total value of contract Rs. 1,400,195 Proposed for retroactivefinancing 1.40 Supply of hand pumps (first lot) 4.40 Supply of drilling rigs (advancepayment) 6.30 Drilling of borewells (by GSDA) 11.00 Water source development for pilot villages (by GSDA) 1.10 Mobilizationadvance payment for proposed civil works contract 44.00 Total for A) 76.26 ANNX 5 - 76- Page 3 B) Consulting Services M/s Kirloskar, final design Phase 1 Total contract value Re 4 million Proposed for retroactivefinancing 4.00 Final design Phase 2 Estimate for retroactivefinancing 4.10 M/s Shah Technical Consultants,final design Phase 2 Total ccatract value Rs 6.3 million Estimate for retroactivefinancing 3.80 VJTI Technical Institute, Special Studies Total contract value Re. 0.2 million Estimate for retroactivefinancing 0.20 Progressive Research Aid (PRA) Total cointractvalue Rs 1.1 million Proposed for retroactivefinancing 1.10 Health Study Total contract value Re. 3.0 million Proposed for retroactivefinancing 1.00 Total for B) 14.20 ------m "- -77- ANNEX6 Page 1 INDIA IMAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT PROJECT MONITORING GUIDELINES 1. The following guidelines should be used by the PPMU in its reports to the World Bank. Sections I and II below would be sarntin a report to the Bank on a quarterly basis. Section II would be completed every six months. Program Progress 2. This section applies to all componentss rural water supply, environmentalsanitation, health education and institutionalstrengthening. (a) investment,programming and/or physical targets accomplishedduring the reporting period, separately for each component; (b) a comparison of the actual progres6 of implementationat the end of the reporting period with the original forecast of progress in the staff Appraisal Report and the Annual Action Plan; (c) actual or contemplatedmaterial deviations from the original plans or schedules and the annual action plan: 'd) other changes, events or conditionwhich would materially delay implementationor increase its costs; (e) the expected dates of completion of principalphysical elements of the project, such as the civil works; (f) summary of the reports on the quality of constructionsupervision prepared by the engineeringconsulting firm. Financial Progress (a) schedule of actual and estimated cost estimates and disburseiaents during the reportingperiod; (b) comparison of actual p.-ogressat the end of the reportingperiod with the original forecast of progress in the Staff Appraisal Report and the Annual Action Plan; (c) list of disbursementapplications and payment certificates; (d) list of all contractswith all basic data and showing payment progress; (e) record of funds required for maintenance of water supply 8s emes and a schedule of collectionsby district and by scheme. mum. m- - -- m-- m * - M - =---- v -78 - ANNEX 6 Page 2 Progress Toward Achieving_Obiectives 3. In order to measure the progress being made toward achieving the overall project objectivesof improvinghealth and productivity,the PPNU would need to identify 10-15 key project social indicatorswhich would be agreed with the BAnk. Some of these indicatorswould be measurable during the early years of the project buy many would not be used until after the completion of constructionof the first phase water supply schemes. The indicators should be selected in a way which would provide the project managementwith informationand analysis to guide their decision making with respect to implementation. After the selection of indicators,a list of factors would be identifiedwhich would measure the indicators. These factors would require sample field surveys and would be contained in a short questionnairewhich will be developed as part of the monitoring system. There is a computer monitoring system already developedto analyze the factors and measure the indicatorswhich will be made available to the PPHU. 4. The indicators could include the following: (a) water quality (b) use of new water supply sources (c) water consumption (d) hand washing (e) health of women (f) health of children (g) use of latrines (h) disposal of wabte water .i) time saved by women (j) incidenceof water related diseases (k) awareness of health educationmessages - 79- AMNN ? Page i INDIA HMARAS(TRA RU-a" WAiT SUPPLY & ENhVIRONNETALSANITA-ZION PROJECT Financial Analyses of District Schemes A. District Finances 1. The State of Maharashtrahas a three tier district government structure comprising Zilla Parishads, Panchayat Samitis and Gram Panchayats. These three bodies derive their functions, duties and powers from the Bombay Village PanchayatAct (1958) and the Maharashtra Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act (1961). Essentially,a Zilla Parishad is the District-level administration,the Panchayat Samitis represent intermediatelevels of District administration,and the Gram Panchayats each administer a number of villages. From the standpoint of realizingincome and utilizing it for constructingof maintaining public works, only the Zilla Parishad and Gram Panchayats are significant. 2. A Zilla Parishad derives revenues from business taxes, from road and bridge tolls, and from various license fees and stamp duties. It also receives part of the State-leviedcesses on land and irrigationwater within its jurisdiction. A Zilla Parishad also derives income from *agency charges%, whereby they may charge certain State departments32 of the cost of capital works which they may execute on behalf of the department. It also may derive income from property rentals and from interest earned on its cash balances. In addition, a Zilla Parishad receives State grants from the constructionof public works. In practice, the major part of a Zilla Parishad's income is derived from agency charges, interest income and its share of the State-levied cesses. In the Pune District, for example, these sources representedsome 50O of income in FY 1988, with State public works grants amounting to another 25X. 3. The principal sources of revenue for a Gram Panchayat is the house tax, which is based on assessed real property values. Typically, this tax represents from 5O0 to 752 of a Gram Panchayat'sincome. Other revenues such as light taxes, building rentals on shares of State-leviedland cesses tend to be minor by comparison. Aside from the house tax, a Gram Panchayat's income is largely grants from the Zilla Parishad from small works such as latrines. 4. A Gram Panchayat collects small annual fees from households who are serviced by public standposts,to help meet the costs of maintaining drinking water schemes. They also are empowered to levy water charges, within statutory limits, on householdswhich have house taps. Hence, the administrationof water fees and charges did receive much attention by Gram Panchayats. However, with design criteria and policies now encouraginghouse taps, these fees and charges will become a significantsource of revenue for the operation and maintenance of village schemes (includingthe village portions of regional schemes). -8- ANNEX8 Page 2 5. In cases where villages must be suppliedwater through regional, or other large schemes requiring extensive conveyance,pumping, storage or treatmentworks, the Zilla Parishad must bear the costs of operating and maintainingworks up to village boundaries. The State government has recognized the importance of ensuring that the district's set aside sufficient funds to cover these costs. In 1986 the State issued a Government Order that required the Zilla Parashads to create a separate 'Fund for Maintenance and Repairs of Rural Drinking Water Supply Works". Under this order the Zilla Parashad must credit to the Fund not less than 202 of its regular income, to be used solely for maintenance of water supply works. B. Government Subsidies 6. Rural water supply and sanitationworks in Maharashtra,as in other Indian States, tend to be heavily subsidized through State and Central Government programs. Capital costs of water supply schemes, whether constructedby Zilla Parashads or MWSSB, are covered by State grants. Similarly, the cost of village handpumps to meet basic needs is covered by grants. Large but partial subsidiesare provided for village drainage schemes and for household latrines. 7. The various subsidies for rural water supply and sanitation facilitiescan be supported given that these services are essential to public health; that the capital costs often are relatively high given the village populationswhich the facilities serve; and that poverty is widespread in rural areas. Financial analyses during project preparation showed that unless water charges to village households were set substantiallyhigher than what urban domestic households pay, it is not feasible to expect recovery of piped water supply capital costs for rural schemes -- especially for the very expensive regional schemes. Also, it was judged that attempts to reduce drainage and latrine subsidies only for works under an IDA-financedproject would have the consequenceof reducing latrine demand, and actually undermine the health improvementobjectives of the project. Hence, the project aims to ensure that household water charges would be sufficient to cover village-level operation and maintenance of the schemes by the Gram Panchayats; and that reasonable levels of credits to the statutorywater supply maintenance funds of the Zilla Parashadswould be sufficient to support larger schemes works beyond the villages. C. Financing of Operations and Maintenance 8. The DRD/GOM has agreed to levying and collecting house tap and public standpost charges to support the operation and maintenance (O&M) of village water supply schemes. Essentially,DRD/GOM will set village-specific charges based on estimates of actual O&M costs. Such charges would be set between minimum and maximum statutorylimits. The current limits are being reviewed by the DRDIGOM, with intentionof increasing them to ensure their adequacy. In the case of regionalwater supply schemes where especially high O&M costs could not be fully covered by maximum statutory charges, sufficient amounts from Zilla Parishad general income would be deposited in the Zilla -81- ANNEX 7 Page 3 Parishads' statutorywater supply maintenance fund to cover such costs. Collection of house tap and public standpostcharges would be twice a year, timed to coincide with harvesting periods. 9. A district specific financialanalyses suggests that the governmentsproposals are reasonable. House tap charges in the order of Rs. 200 per year, and public standpostcharges of about Rs. 80 per year should be sufficientto cover O&M costs of the large majority of village schemes in the project districts. These levels of charges represent the high end of present statutory limits. With similar rates being charged in villages served by regional schemes, the analyses also shows that additional amounts needed in the district water supply maintenance funds for regional scheme O&M in the districts should not be significantlymore than the current statutoryminimum of 20Z of district income. In three of the more drought-pronedistricts the funds may require about 282 to 302 of income, while in the other seven districts the needed amounts are expected to vary between 202 and 262. 10. The financial analysis also reveals that major annual adjustments over the next five or six years are not likely to be needed to cover operating cost price inflation. The effects of such price inflationwill tend to be offset by revenue from increasedhouse taps resulting from forecastedvillage population increases. .Il.., Il I *-II | I I - -. -- - - - -82- ANNEX7 Page 4 l"ll0 RUALHAMTE DIULY NOl EWIREMAL WVITITIENU IN MA ) DITICT a PIN O1M W T IWNUM J (EICIT) 3STAM (h.'10I km2 3m 1m 95 1990 1m 1m 29 200 VILLIAEsa1., MIR 4 1.40 .91 .74 .02 4 .32) 4 1.71) 4 2.07) 4 L711 l 4.13) HIITIEl I 12.52) 1 12.21) 1 12.1) I 14.60 I 15.13) I I035) I 17.59 1 1N.92 2I.3) IlLAUE 15.41 21.20 22.12 21.71 21.13 23.9 19.92 19.1m 1L. 613 4 7.391 1 5.90 I 60.4 7.39) 1 6.42) 1 9.50) 4 1.6 1 .I1.") 1.23) Xwll 11.U 17.35 1379 ILA 13.31 17.9 17.4 20.91 160. .INIUCIL 1 3.10U 1 5.20) 5.52) 4 U0. ( 7.50 I Ln91 9V.93 11.20)1 12.71) .d5 .00 .05 .35 .3 .35 .35 .35 .3 . .e.5 .3 .3 .35 .3 .3 .35 . .35 .e5 .3 .35 .35 .35 .35 .5 . .dl .e5 .35 .35 .35 .3 .35 .35 .* .3 .35 . .to .3 .3 .01 .35 .3 UITIUAL 1() 2.171 10.59 10. 12.4 7.51 2.23 1 3.41) I 9.71 410.46) EUIUU.of I11 KATIN .3 I 60.7341 010.241 1 1154.27) 1 1=I111 145.711 I 144.0) I 1146211 I 3210 KNILU . I 40.39) 4 517.11) I W.40) 4 590. I .47)l UL2.17)I 7129.3)1 179.42 IlIUM! .01 4 150.41) 4 291.14) I 350.15) 409.= I 464.9) 324.91) 1"..) 0 4620 13TATL 11) .0 I 1432U.U 41 14.49 1 2307. 1 1I I21274)19.35) 4 Jl?.0913167.9 4 31.) CULIIATE IIPEITIE 4 2.17) I 141.19)1 1797.91) 4 2L3fi (2321.4 I 044) 27.3 3117.0 ( M).20 WLDIKICIT) FlM THEDIRICT * UDWIttELCTRIUINi fIUNuRDFR TIE DIUTRICT 2.17 1410.19 IM." 20.13 251.4 300.44 2.D.22 3177.0 3).24 FUI( 40113 UY 1. TARIFFi _ ITC a U.23 P.. STAMM17 1.1 P.L 2. S1 CMUTIN a MTIC AEIWUS i I1IU TlAWUT At 11 ftSBtl 3. ECTI EFICUI TM Ms ppgp Inu - 83 - AMI 7 ~~~.r t ~~~~~Pago S R.P:LWS IPP:lM. D-WAMWqIAt9AI'4714E OEZ? :R9Az 23& USi~r. De!: S1UtlRV_~~~~~~2FE:.!N 919.'.US.;1/...... (DE-;c:T) _.__...... 3?TST.:Ent .. ____ l99; 1r92 1994 :9;5 !996 1997 1930 1997 2000 ...... _.__...... __ _.__...... ___.__._...... UM:A2-?P'.7 ( .:21 2.41 2.27 1.55 .6H 1 .241 t 1.24' ' :.11 1 3.17) XIASW4J.t 6.2' 13.10 14.-9 14.14 14.06 13.97 , 1V.76 1351 13.27 Plz"4352 ( M.0t) 1.72 1.; t .o1S C 1.64)1 S.11) 4.I34f M.M33( 1.U4 BRNI0W CX3 1.;7 :6.44 16.94 .3 14.9M 13.83 12.57 t1.20 9.1 XUWTEFLR.90 9.47 9.91 9.6 9.12 6.56 7.93 7.22 6.'t 3v .WfAXP 1.9 4.25 4.M5 3.71 S.10 2.37 1.57 .' 0 .:I) illlLUPU I 9.42I} 68.733) 4 9.09) 111.9?t 12.6) I 14.331 16.20): 19.24)1 "40.47' 9CAUC I 7.02)I 6.41)t 7.30S1I .3) I 9.49)I 11.17I 12.71)I 14.43:t 16.'01 .KA1st i 5.44)I 4.69I 5.41s) 6.49) 7.nm t 9.10) t 10.5)1 12.20) 1 13,MM KOVA. 1.10 3.83 I." 2.14 .6? I .96) 1 2. , I 4.13)4 6.l9' 13-TOTALII) 2.77 31.49 29.75 21.22 10.94 I .25) I 12.49)I Z.2314t ..?7 PMR.M.S. .00 4.10 1 t.562)C 12.5 166.31)4 212.30)( 263.82) 32.24; 1 255.85) tiRUR 4 461.01) ( M2I.92 4 227.91) 20.85' I 3LM ( .452.81) 4 555.12). I'.2-TOTAL13) *.0 41.10( 5'0.63) 1 347.47. t 394.12)I 491.- 4 62t6.3V)1 774.:2 t 940.7) CdOMIGITEDOPEAT!?4 2 77 79.594 0.81 4 36.251 35311) 1 4".60? 4 69.13) 1 799.93) 1 99.04) ISMMUIM/12E:;iT)FuR Th ODSTRSICT M:D.TICULN?iN aEMW1R3F2a THE O11TAXT .40 .00 !.fl 326.25 353.19l AM.6 69.33 79.95 9W.94 FUNIM4TR MPY MZNTEMANCE) A69Ij)TI01N 1. TARIFFI I0!IEITZ : P9.s.0 PPA. E61*NPCSTa11.50 P.A. 2. 2 F COISTN om?_t. ICCrcNcu ToW 611 STAWOTI ACCRDIETIROB161 3. COLLECTIONEPFIC:EIICT BERTIC, l0 3NiArD0?DS X i3333333233 i 133 1 5 I' - e ii. ... -~~... I ;...... | .. . . ' Li9i Et8888st8.aa Li C m!| X lgl.! Xtil lklIe s .6 - 85 - ANNEX7 Page 7 RURLNATEO SUPLY AN ENYINOWWAL SANITATION PWECT tNAAT) DISTRICTa TANE U Y IRTINS SUPU / ICIT)SATEMT (h. 00) 2 1993 194 19 IY I997 1 199 20e0 YILLAMESCHEME .0 .00 .e0 .o0 .60 .o0 .e0 .e0 .o0 .00 .60 .60 .e0 .e0 .0 .60 .o .ee .00 .60 .00 .o .o .0 . .o .e .60 .60 .60 .ee .eo .60 .eo .o0 .6 .00 .e0 .0 .e0 .60 .o0 .0 .0 .0 .e0 .oe .10 .14 .e0 .16 .50 .50 .20 .eo .60 .60 .90 .ee .o0 .60 .0I .19 .ee .e0 .60 .e0 .6 .e0 .ee .60 .6 .e0 .60o . .6 .60 .o 00.e .60 .60 .110 .e0 .60 .60 .e0 .60 .eo .eo .6 .60 .60 .60 .ee .eo .e0 .60 .e0 . SIR-TUTU.IA) .60 .60 .60 .eo .eo .60 .o .60 .ee _ WPURA .ee 416.3 341.10 315.24 21315 260.1 261.9 23.51 214.19 ASIA .eo I 3).23) I 33.3) I 33.90) 1 391.96) 422.17 4 45.74 I 41.93 1 527.19 PCIII .60 I. 413.99 1 44.31) I 4.43) 1 522.60)I 542.77 £ 1013? I 654.5) I 701.6 523-TTAtII) .60 I 34.13) 444.59)I 53.1)IO 615.13)L?0.0I) 6 66.11) I 90.98) I 1119.22) CSlIIATDWIRATINSB .0 30.15)1 444.59) 53.19) I 1.3) 704.06 00.11) 904.91) 1019.22) SURPLUSIIIU1FCIt)F THEDISTRICT A3ITIOALClUMJtrll REWIRE F TIN DIIICT .60 30.15 444.9 3.1 615.3 704.06 30.11 94.91 109.2 FUI (III hOLY M.AINTENANC) AW1n 1. TARlIF8 IETIC: 11.260P.L PTAN01STU.0 P.A. 2. Z IF CDIECIMtle 1111WC ACCMUIETOMu1m I"tAW UM1 9 WMBl 3. UCLlSc EFFICIUIWI 31It on UnI as -86 AINNE7 Page 8 R lKAUPNLY II I EAOROlWIL S1ITA110N PD)T I1MM ) DISTRICTI SATMA SIY P TIfh KOM I IIICIT) STAT T (05. O00) m2 9m I 91 19 5997 1m 599 20 VILLSEKiwi MIl1E C 3.5) I 1.941( 2.52) 1 3.10) 4 4.78) I 1.01) 4 7.33) 1 6.72) ( 11.25) S1%wD 4 3.75) l.UI1. 2.21)i 3.12)4 4.13) 5.20)4 4.34) I 7.5) I 6.1) WAA_Alt 4.30 6.03 3.27 7.75 .09 41.37 5.57 '.7l 3.71 CUUNADI 12.9t 15.79 1u.73 17.29 17.71 16.27 13.77 19.29 9.S1 ULhEAI I .4511 1.70)4 3.40)I 4.621 1.2611 1.041 10.01)1 12.1914 14.11) LHMI I 2.49) I .50N I .1) 15.30) 2.04) I 2. 3.47)1 4.59) 1 5.31 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .tO .11 .00 .00 .0e .00 .00 .0o .0t .0e .0 .0 .00 .0o .0o .00 .0e . .0o .0 .0 .00 .00 .ON .0t .00 .00 .0 .0 .00 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 SUB-TOTALIA) 1.96 17.15 N1. 12.0 7.1 2.7 4 3.01)I 9.OJ £ 1U.72) RESIO _ KNITAL .00 I 405.93)4 453.23) 490.00) 525.57)1 513.01)4 03.00)51 0,63131951.07) .00 .eo .00 .00 .oo .oo .oo .00 .0 .00 .o0 .oe .0e .00 .00 .00 .0 .00 1o1-TtAL5) .00 405.9) I 453.21)I 490.054 125.57)I S.) I 3o.) I WO.W( 19.07) CUlSILIDAIDPRTIN 6.9 I 3.0)1 ( 431.75)I 477.10 557.91) 510.49) 0.0) I U.71) 4 7.79) SIJPLUlIEFICIT)FOR THEDISTRICT B ADDITIONALCTlRIMJIE RE0IEI FORTHE DISTRICT .00 M.06 43.75 477.10 517.91 560.49 104.01 u9.71 704.79 FUND(MATOR SWPLY KAINTENANCE) ASWehh a 1. TAIfFF SUISQTICa Rt.200 P.A. gTL905 HRS.P.A. 2. s OFCtIECTI, t SOTIC t ACCODI 105191 StAWOSTAWAIDI TOte MUS 3. CVjECT ItNEFItIC ETIC a n19al -87 A-M.2 Paso 9 MMLNAM rWY o WINUnTALUWITATIN PWC IfuIMI DIIITRIC Nf fWiTIS iLm I lFICIT) nTUIn Iff2 3 341 1"9 99 3"?7 IN 199 2 6110151 .24 3.* 2." 2.65 1.6 .56 1 1.1131 2.321( 3.63 MiUME 3.5 *.u9.2 11.21 4.77 2.81 .3 I 1.93 4.74) UShmIfl 1 .39) 2.07 .91 1.21 .44 1 .413 I 1.34 I 2.35 1 .431 51.3 I4.3 17.43 17.23 14.92 14.4 L." 15.3 14.71 amE 22.71 31.13 32." 33.36 33.5 3L3 33.74 .74 33.71 _ 19.4 24.65 2.44 7.3 247 2433 2LX 24.% *23.0 CNIEHkI I .72) 2.1 2.24 1.24 .19 1 1.13) 2.41) 3.) 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SUIY WEI1INS MOUl I PICIT)S9TAt11 192 193 194 15 19"9 1"7 19l 191 200 VIUASEDEIE SALBARA) 3." 13.4 1S." 13.10 12.0 12.21 11.46 10.63 9.72 CI IUII 5.73 9.6 9.69 3.9 7.n 6.17 5.74 4.53 3.23 NM 4 5.69)1 4.2214 4.51)4 5.20)4 5.97)4 3.39)4 7.64)4 6.5831 9.9) K11A1 1 5.55)1 4.26)( 4.6) 1 5.45) 1 6.32)1 7.24)4 1.22)4 9.27) ( A.41) IAYEIU 4.97 3.31 9.07 3.57 7.91 7.20 1.41 5.55 4.61 A11R1A 16.11 22'7 23.21 23.07 22.71 22.30 21.31 21.26 20.64 1A11KA .12) 2.72 2.79 2.26 1.61 .92 .17 .6614 1.56U .iNl ( 6.25)1 4.3414 4.65)1 5.47)4 6.38)1 7.34) 8.37) 99.4t) I I.J70) "IMAum 2.54 4.92 5.17 4.96 4.66 4.34 S." 3.57 3.12 3631 1 2.61) .61 .44 4 .50) 4 1.511 2.73)4 3.7)4 5.32)4 6.73) SALOMON I 9.32)4 9.03)4 9.7)4 10.") 4 12.16)4 13.43)4 14.00) 16.25)4 17.00) T-OT1.L(A) 3.20 40.61 40.70 33.9 25.27 19.21 6.57 4 4.0314 15.52 REWWL $O mu* .00 191.55 132.5) 1B.76 193.3 200.53 207.21 2X535 219.26 .00 .00 .0 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 3-T11113) .00 191.55 132.51 136.76 193. 200.3 207.23 213.53 219.26 CIiULIUITEDWI TIJU 3.20 2M2.16 223.21 220.45 213.35 219.79 213.85 209.50 2.74 ^=81=1CITI FOR TIEDISTCT * 0tT1llI CtIUTRIUTJU RE2UIRIFOR TIE DISIIICT .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .0 .00 FUIIINTEItwe _nc I AL2eoP,.A 2. 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Uli NIIUSSAEI dNM DL31111 TY51iSV ~~~~~-T6 - - 92 - ANN1 a Page 1 INDIA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATERSUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT 1. Two of the main components of the project are the promotion of environmentalfacilities, including the disposal of waste water (see paragraphs 2.18-2.24),and related health education to influence comunnities' behavior with respect to environmentalcleanliness (see paragraphs 2.25-2.30). The project also inclutdesassurances that all existing dams will be inspected on a regular basis (see paragraph 2.17) and that when polluted groundwater sources are discovered during the design of any water supply schemes, the MWSSB should prepare a plan of action for resolvingthe problem (paragraph 5.02). 2. In addition, the EnvironmentalAssessment (EA) carried out under this project has focused primarily on the area of water quality monitoring.A consultant reported on water quality and water qualitymonitoring in rural areas in Maharashtra as part of project preparation. Hls conclusionswere that the organizationalarrangements and competence of personnel in the Public Health Laboratories (PHL) was generally satisfactory. The PHLs were generally understaffedand required some new equipment. Sampling frequencyneeded to be increased. The procedures for chlorinationneed to be improved,particularly the supply and control of bleaching powder at the local level. The design of water supply schemes also required improvementin terms of improving the quality of water delivered, the quality of constructionand maintenance of the schemes to reduce leakages. The recommendationsof the consultant have been incorporatedinto the project as follows: (a) Facilities of the PHLs: health education component included upgrading of equipment (see paragraph 2.28); (b) Sampling procedures and monitoring chlorinationat the local level: health education component gives increased responsibilitr to DOPH staff (BEOH and MPW(M)) to assist in collecting samples and in monitoring the chlorinationprocess (see paragraph 2.28); (c) Improvementsin the designs of water supply schemest improved design criteria for piped water supply schemes have been incorporatedinto project preparation (see paragraph 2.10); (d) Reduction of leakages: a leakage survey and leakage repair work would be undertaken during project implementationand the health education componentwill includemessages to the community to reduce breakages and water wastage (see paragraph 2.15). -93 ANNEX 9 INDIA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT Proiect SupervisionPlan 1. Bank Supervision Input into Key Activities. The staff inputs are indicated in the table below. 2. Borrower'sContribution to Supervision. The PPMU would providemajor inputs into the supervisionof the project. See Annex 1, Componenet4(A) for a detailed descriptionof the PPMU. See Annex 6 for a descriptionof the Project MonitoringGuidelines. Approximate Expatriate Staff Dates Skill Input (Month/Year) Activities RequIrements (a) 04/91 SupervisionMission Engineer 4.0 Review role of PPMU and Sociologist engineeringdesigns. 05/92 SupervislonMission Engineer 6.0 Reviewstart-up and Sociologist implementationarrangements. TrainingSpecialist 11/92 SupervisionMission Engineer 4.0 To coincidewith preparation Sociologist of annualaction program. 05/98 SupervisionMission Engineer 4.0 Revliwimplementation Sociologist progress. 11/98 SupervisionMission Engineer 10.0 Mid-termreview of Sociologist softwarecomponents. TrainingSpecialist HealthCommunication FinancialAnalysts 05/94 SupervisionMission Enginoor To reviewimplementation Sociologist 4.0 progress. 11/94 SupervisionMission Engineer 6.0 To coincidewith preparation Sociologist of annualaction program. TrainingSpecialist 1996 Two supervisionmissions. Engineer 4.0 Sociologist 1996 Two supervisionmissions. Engineer 4.0 Sociologist 1997 Two supervisionmissions Engineer 6.0 (includingone to prepare Sociologist PCR). FinancialAnalest - 94 - ANNEX10 Page 1 INDIA MAHARASHTRARURAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALSANITATION PROJECT Hand-over Resolutions for Water Supply and Drainage Schemes A. Zilla Parishad Hand-over Resolutionon Water and Drainage Facilities The responsibilityof maintenance of rural water supply and drainage schemes lies with local bodies, i.e., Zilla Parishads or Village Panchayats. In case of regionalwater supply schemes, covering groups of villages, the Zilla Parishad will maintain the works from the source up to and including the service reservoirsof individualvillages. The system beyond the service reservoirwill be maintainedby the respectiveVillage Panchayat or Municipal Council in respect of works in that town. All Zilla Parishad should, therefore,enter into an agreementwith MaharashtraWater Supply and Sewerage Board (MMSSB) incorporating,inter alia, the followingpoints: 1. The Zilla Parishad is prepared to accept the regionalwater supply scheme for Villages in , Taluka of District, estimated to cost Rs. ____ _ . All documents related to the design of said scheme will be handed over to the Zilla Parishad by the implementingagency following the commissioningdate. 2. The Zilla Parishad will take over and operate and maintain the works of this regional water supply scheme from source up to and including service reservoirsof the individualvillages, after the scheme is commissioned. 3. The hand over date would be the commissioningdate. The commissioningdate is the date upon which the scheme is completed by the contractor (the date upon shich the contractor leaves the site). 4. Prior to the commissioning,there would be an inspectionperiod of about 3 months which would require joint inspectionof the scheme by the MWSSB, the Zilla Parishad/VillagePanchayats, the contractor and a fourth party to be designatedby the Chief Executive Officer of the District. 5. MWSSB will provide in the contract that for one j'qarafter commissioning,the contractorwould be liable to carry out &11 repairs which would be necessary due to faulty construction. -95- ANNEX10 Page 2 6. For the regionalwater supply schemes, the Zilla Parishad would collect fees from the villages based on bulk charges for water supplied. Should the bulk charges not cover all operation and maintenance charges, the Zilla Parishad should make up the shortfallfrom their rural water supply maintenance funds. 7. The Zilla Parishad upon taking over the scheme will make the arrangementsfor treatment and chlorinationof the water, regular cleaning of the storage tanks, and chemical and bacteriologicalanalysis of the water throughout the system, from source to the household. 8. The Zilla Parishad/VillagePanchayat would make a capital contributionto the cost of sullage drainage schemes in those villages where soak pits would not be appropriatedue to soil condition, population congestion or some other factor. The Zilla Parishad/VillagePanchayat would agree to take a loan from the Life InsuranceCorporation (LIC) of India for this purpose. 9. The Zilla Parishad would sign a hand over agreementwith the Village Panchayats regardingthe maintenance of any drainage schemes which are constructedwith the water supply scheme andlor the constructionof soak pits by each householdwith a private connection. The drainage maintenance agreement should require the Village Panchayat to provide for all maintenance requirementsincluding the cost of sweepers and carts for refuse removal and the cost of major and minor repairs, particularlyfollowing the monsoon season. 10. The Block ExtensionOfficer, Health would certify that health conditionswere being maintained for the installationof individualhouse connections,that soak pits have been constructedby such private houpsholds, and would certify that hygienic conditionsare maintained through adequate drainage around all water sources includingwells, reservoirs,standposts and private connections,and soak pits. 11. The Village Panchayatswould establishwater and sanitation committees who would meet regularlyand would be responsiblefor ensuring village level operation and maintenance is carried out and adequate arrangementsare made for sanitationand drainage. -96 - ANNEX 10 Page 3 B. VillagePanchayat and MunicipalCouncil Hand-overResolution on Water and DrainageFacilities The responsibilityof ma!.ntenanceof ruralwater supplyschemes liesvith localbodies, i.e., ZillaParishads, Village Panchayats, Municipal Councils. In case of regionalwater supplyschemes, covering a group of villages,the ZillaParishad will maintainthe works from the sourceup to and includingthe servicereservoir of individualvillages. The systembeyond the servicereservoir will be maintainedby the respectivevillage panchayat or municipalcouncil in respectof works in that town. For individualwater supplyschemes, the VillagePanchayats have full responsibilityfor operation and maintenanceof all facilities. All VillagePanchayats and MunicipalCouncils included in the project,should, therefore, sign an agreementwith the MaharashtraWater Supplyand SewerageBoard (MWSSB)or the Zilla ParishadEngineering Wing, incorporating,inter alia, the followingpoints: 1. The VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council will acceptthe regionallindividualwater supply scheme for Village in Taluka, of district, estimated to cost Rs. . All documents related to the design of the individualschemes would be handedover to the VillagePanchayat by the [ImplementingAgency] following the date of commissioning. 2. The MunicipalCouncil is preparedto pay the requiredtotal capitalcontribution of Rs. _ which would be made in equal installmentsover a period of in installmentpayments of Rs. 3. The MunicipalCouncil is preparedto undertakea loan for this purposefrom the Life InsuranceCorporation (LIC) of India to the extentof Re._ _ 4. The VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council agrees to take over, and operateand maintainthe work beyondthe servicereservoir for the regional schemeor the entireindividual water supplyscheme. 5. The hand over date will be the commissioningdate. The commissioningdate is the date the schemeis completedand the contractor leavesthe site. 6. Prior to the commissioningdate, therewould be an inspection periodof about 3 monthswhich would requirea joint inspectionof the scheme by the implementingagency, the VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council, the contractorand a fourthparty designatedby the Chief ExecutiveOffice of the district. - 97 - ANNEX 10 Page 4 7. The [ImplementingAgency] will providein the contractthat within one year after commissioning,the contractorwould be liableto carry out all repairswhich would be necessarydue to faultyconstruction. 8. For the regionalschemes, the VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council will recoverthe full cost of maintenanceincluding payment of bulk supplyof water to the ZillaParishad through ger-eral water taxes for stand post users and privatehouse connectiontariffs. The rates of such taxes and tariffs will be increasedas and when requiredto cover the maintenancecosts. 9. For individualschemes, the VillagePanchayat will recoverthe full cost of operationand maintenancethrough general water taxes for stand post users and privatehouse connectiontariffs. The rates of such taxes and tariffswill be increasedas and when requiredto cover operationand maintenancecosts. 10. All housesseeking private connections would be requiredto constructand maintaina soak pit exceptwhere villagesconditions require a sullagedrainage system. This would be certifiedby the Block Extension Officer,Health. ZillaParishad Engineers would be responsiblefor determiningif the such a systemis needed. Shoulda sullagedrainage system be necessary,the VillagePanchayat would be requiredto acceptfull responsibilityfor drainagemaintenance including the cost of sweepersand carts for disposalof refuseand the cost of major and minor repairs, particularlyfollowing the monsoonseason. 11. Beforereleasing water throughthe distributionsystem, the VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council will ensurethat all privateconnections be at sufficientheight to avoid contaminationof water supply. 12. The VillageMunicipal Water and SanitationCommittee will meet regularlyand will be responsiblefor, in consultationwith the localwater supplyengineer and Departmentof PublicHealth officials, ensuring that the systemis being operatedand maintainedproperly and that adequate arrangementshave been made for sanitationand drainage. 13. The VillagePanchayat/Municipal Council will also be responsible fort (a) ensuringhygienic conditions are maintainedthrough adequate drainagearound all water sources,public and private,and soak pits; (b) ensuringgarbage and streetwaste disposalis away from all habitation; - 98 - ANNEX 10 Page 5 14. Whenever the Village Panchayat/MunicipalCouncil authorizesnew private cornections,the Department of Public health Officer must provide a "no objection" certificateindicating that a soak pit has been constructedand that the site for the connectionmeets health requirements. The local water engineer must also certify that the additionalconnection would not adversely affect the equitabledistribution of water within the village. 20'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S \ X" V . 1 , 5JAGA> NIONETLSAIAINNRJC ARAAJA AU J A R ,4 A A11 / Aar < { 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IRogionolScee _ond NumborofVillogos (225 oilIng..blffd 2IK StateBoundoris I ) v_- t~~~~~~~~~~ILOAlOIIUS1 0 20 50, 40 0,120 140 60 _ .Vti-