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The Universe, Life and Everything…
Our current understanding of our world is nearly 350 years old. Durston It stems from the ideas of Descartes and Newton and has brought us many great things, including modern science and & increases in wealth, health and everyday living standards. Baggerman Furthermore, it is so engrained in our daily lives that we have forgotten it is a paradigm, not fact. However, there are some problems with it: first, there is no satisfactory explanation for why we have consciousness and experience meaning in our The lives. Second, modern-day physics tells us that observations Universe, depend on characteristics of the observer at the large, cosmic Dialogues on and small, subatomic scales. Third, the ongoing humanitarian and environmental crises show us that our world is vastly The interconnected. Our understanding of reality is expanding to Universe, incorporate these issues. In The Universe, Life and Everything... our Changing Dialogues on our Changing Understanding of Reality, some of the scholars at the forefront of this change discuss the direction it is taking and its urgency. Life Understanding Life and and Sarah Durston is Professor of Developmental Disorders of the Brain at the University Medical Centre Utrecht, and was at the Everything of Reality Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in 2016/2017. Ton Baggerman is an economic psychologist and psychotherapist in Tilburg. Everything ISBN978-94-629-8740-1 AUP.nl 9789462 987401 Sarah Durston and Ton Baggerman The Universe, Life and Everything… The Universe, Life and Everything… Dialogues on our Changing Understanding of Reality Sarah Durston and Ton Baggerman AUP Contact information for authors Sarah Durston: [email protected] Ton Baggerman: [email protected] Cover design: Suzan Beijer grafisch ontwerp, Amersfoort Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. -
The Aromatic Universe.Pdf
The aromatic universe Alessandra Candian, Junfeng Zhen, and Alexander G. G. M. Tielens Citation: Physics Today 71, 11, 38 (2018); doi: 10.1063/PT.3.4068 View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4068 View Table of Contents: https://physicstoday.scitation.org/toc/pto/71/11 Published by the American Institute of Physics ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN When condensed-matter physics became king Physics Today 72, 30 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4110 Quantum foundations still not cemented Physics Today 71, 51 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4070 Measuring cosmic distances with standard sirens Physics Today 71, 34 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4090 Astrophysical high-energy neutrinos Physics Today 71, 36 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4043 Humans control complex objects by guiding them toward stability Physics Today 71, 16 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4060 Has elegance betrayed physics? Physics Today 71, 57 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4022 aromaticThe UNIVERSE Alessandra Candian, Junfeng Zhen, and Alexander G. G. M. Tielens The rich molecular structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons— essentially planar flakes of fused benzene rings—and their fullerene cousins are revealed through their vibrational and electronic spectra. The Mountains of Creation in the Eagle Nebula. (Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/L. Allen, Harvard–Smithsonian CfA.) Alessandra Candian is a Veni Research Fellow and Xander Tielens is a professor of physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium, both at the Leiden Observatory at Leiden University in the Netherlands. -
Science in Nasa's Vision for Space Exploration
SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION SCIENCE IN NASA’S VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION Committee on the Scientific Context for Space Exploration Space Studies Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 01001 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. International Standard Book Number 0-309-09593-X (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309-54880-2 (PDF) Copies of this report are available free of charge from Space Studies Board National Research Council The Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. -
General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect This Document
General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) 4. ti 4bASA-C6- 17 11j4s) itLSIULUT bESkAhLA ASSUCIA'k5b,LLS. ILSILLC'ICEAL A ► L SEbICb bbskAi /b AL LS: CEPLEIU161711S EAFt LLStARCH Al 'IH %^l kULPLLSILb LAL'CEA1rkV AuaUdi 441p i i tit kru}ulsio p Lal.) 61 F NE5-1E945 IU/%SA UuC I a s National A G31 ^ 9 01 C 94 etut outics and Space Admit -iistration 0 ./ r ^` l `i^ Resident Research Associateships Postdoctoral and Senior Research Awards 1984 OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH at tho JET PROPULSION LABORATORY California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91109 in association with the NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine 2101 Constitution Avenue W3shington,D C 20418 ^WY T , a V- AW ^V O r^ 1 Foreword. -
Interferometric Observations of Large Biologically Interesting Interstellar and Cometary Molecules
SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE Interferometric observations of large biologically interesting interstellar and cometary molecules Lewis E. Snyder* Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 Edited by William Klemperer, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved May 26, 2006 (received for review March 3, 2006) Interferometric observations of high-mass regions in interstellar molecular clouds have revealed hot molecular cores that have sub- stantial column densities of large, partly hydrogen-saturated molecules. Many of these molecules are of interest to biology and thus are labeled ‘‘biomolecules.’’ Because the clouds containing these molecules provide the material for star formation, they may provide insight into presolar nebular chemistry, and the biomolecules may provide information about the potential of the associated inter- stellar chemistry for seeding newly formed planets with prebiotic organic chemistry. In this overview, events are outlined that led to the current interferometric array observations. Clues that connect this interstellar hot core chemistry to the solar system can be found in the cometary detection of methyl formate and the interferometric maps of cometary methanol. Major obstacles to under- standing hot core chemistry remain because chemical models are not well developed and interferometric observations have not been very sensitive. Differentiation in the molecular isomers glycolaldehdye, methyl formate, and acetic acid has been observed, but not explained. The extended source structure for certain sugars, aldehydes, and alcohols may require nonthermal formation mechanisms such as shock heating of grains. Major advances in understanding the formation chemistry of hot core species can come from obser- vations with the next generation of sensitive, high-resolution arrays. -
The Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union IAU Symposium No. 297 IAU Symposium IAU Symposium 20–24 May 2013 This volume describes the current state of the art in research aimed at unraveling the carriers of the enigmatic diffuse interstellar bands 297 Noordwijkerhout, (DIBs). The DIBs are a set of hundreds of absorption bands that are The Netherlands seen from the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Their interstellar origin is well established, but the precise chemical identity of the DIB carriers remains to date one of the greatest 20–24 May 2013 297 20–24 May 2013 The Diffuse unsolved mysteries in astronomical spectroscopy. These Noordwijkerhout, The Diffuse proceedings of IAU Symposium 297 include more than 70 Noordwijkerhout, contributions that cover a wide range of topics in observational The Netherlands Interstellar astronomy and astrophysics; laboratory astrophysics and The Netherlands Interstellar Bands spectroscopy; astrochemistry; and theoretical, experimental and computational chemistry. This interdisciplinary overview contains Bands all the required background material to make the volume an ideal starting point for researchers and graduate students to learn about the various aspects of DIBs and related topics. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Editor in Chief: Prof. Thierry Montmerle This series contains the proceedings of major scientifi c meetings held by the International Astronomical Union. Each volume contains a series of articles on a topic of current interest in astronomy, giving a timely overview of research in the fi eld. With contributions by leading scientists, these books are at a level The Diffuse suitable for research astronomers and graduate students. Interstellar Edited by Bands Cami Cox Jan Cami Nick L.J. -
Astrochemistry from Astronomy to Astrobiology
Astrochemistry from Astronomy to Astrobiology Astrochemistry from Astronomy to Astrobiology Andrew M. Shaw University of Exeter Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. -
1 “A Big History of the Universe for Secondary Education” PI
“A Big History of the Universe for Secondary Education” PI: Tara Firenzi Co-Is: Joel Primack, Ph.D, Nancy Abrams, Darrell Steely, Joel Tarbox Collaborator: Doris B. Ash, Ph.D GSR: Zoe Buck Consultant: Solana Pyne Summary Overview Over the last decade, world history and astrophysics have become more and more similar in the way they examine the origins of the universe. Principally, world historians and social science educators have come to realize that the origin of our universe is the beginning of our human story. Though the incorporation of these ideas into secondary curricula is not yet widespread, well respected efforts such as “World History for Us All,” a project of the National Center for History in Schools at UCLA, have strongly advocated for the incorporation of the history of the universe in world history curricula. As put forth by books like David Christian’s Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History (2005), these ideas will no doubt become a more significant part of both history and science instruction in secondary schools in the near future, and make instruction in both areas more interdisciplinary. In scientific fields, of course, the importance of the origins of the universe has long been understood. Bringing us to a new level of understanding on the subject of these origins, UCSC Professor Joel Primack and Nancy Abrams have recently introduced a number of new ideas about the connections between advanced scientific theories and the historical importance of the origins of the universe as discussed in their book, The View From the Center of the Universe: Discovering Our Extraordinary Place in the Cosmos (2006). -
Report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee March 15, 2014
Report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee March 15, 2014 Andreas Albrecht Professor of Physics Voice: (530)-752-5989 Fax: (530)-752-4717 [email protected] March 15, 2014 Dr. Cora Marrett, Acting Director National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1205 Arlington, VA 22230 Mr. Charles F. Bolden, Jr., Administrator Office of the Administrator NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 Dr. Ernest Moniz, Secretary of Energy U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 The Honorable John D. Rockefeller, IV, Chairman Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Ron Wyden, Chairman Committee on Energy & Natural Resources United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Lamar Smith, Chairman Committee on Science, Space and Technology United States House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515 Dear Dr. Marrett, Mr. Bolden, Secretary Moniz, Chairman Rockefeller, Chairman Wyden, and Chairman Smith: I am pleased to transmit to you the annual report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee for 2013–2014. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee was established under the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 Public Law 107-368 to: (1) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the coordination of astronomy and astrophysics programs of the Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy; (2) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the -
B1487(01)Quarks FM.I-Xvi
Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos Eleven Science Questions for the New Century Committee on the Physics of the Universe Board on Physics and Astronomy Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern- ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer- ing, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was supported by Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER41141 between the Na- tional Academy of Sciences and the Department of Energy, Grant No. NAG5-9268 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Grant No. PHY-0079915 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclu- sions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that pro- vided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-07406-1 Library of Congress Control Number 2003100888 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu and Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Research Council, NA 922, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001; Internet, http://www.national-academies.org/bpa. -
LABORATORY FORMATION of FULLERENES from PAHS: TOP-DOWN INTERSTELLAR CHEMISTRY Junfeng Zhen1,2, Pablo Castellanos1,2, Daniel M
Draft version June 19, 2021 Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11 LABORATORY FORMATION OF FULLERENES FROM PAHS: TOP-DOWN INTERSTELLAR CHEMISTRY Junfeng Zhen1;2, Pablo Castellanos1;2, Daniel M. Paardekooper2, Harold Linnartz2, Alexander G.G.M. Tielens1 1Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands and 2Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Draft version June 19, 2021 ABSTRACT Interstellar molecules are thought to build up in the shielded environment of molecular clouds or in the envelope of evolved stars. This follows many sequential reaction steps of atoms and simple molecules in the gas phase and/or on (icy) grain surfaces. However, these chemical routes are highly inefficient for larger species in the tenuous environment of space as many steps are involved and, indeed, models fail to explain the observed high abundances. This is definitely the case for the C60 fullerene, recently identified as one of the most complex molecules in the interstellar medium. Observations have shown that, in some PDRs, its abundance increases close to strong UV-sources. In this letter we report laboratory findings in which C60 formation can be explained by characterizing the photochemical evolution of large PAHs. Sequential H losses lead to fully dehydrogenated PAHs and subsequent losses of C2 units convert graphene into cages. Our results present for the first time experimental evidence that PAHs in excess of 60 C-atoms efficiently photo-isomerize to Buckminsterfullerene, C60. These laboratory studies also attest to the importance of top-down synthesis routes for chemical complexity in space. -
CAPILANO UNIVERSITY COURSE OUTLINE Term: FALL 2015 Course No
CAPILANO UNIVERSITY COURSE OUTLINE Term: FALL 2015 Course No. CHEM 300 Course: CHEMISTRY AND SOCIETY Credits: 3.0 Section: INSTRUCTOR Office: Tel: 604-986-1911 (Ext. ) email: @capilanou.ca COURSE FORMAT: Three hours of class time plus an additional hour of supplemental activity delivered through on-line or other activities for a 15 week semester, which includes two weeks for final exams. PRE-REQUISITES: 45 credits of 100-level or higher coursework. COURSE DESCRIPTION: In the last century, chemistry and related sciences have taken on an increasingly central role in human society, with many consequences that are both helpful and harmful for the survival of our species. This course is intended to help students in developing perspective on the contributions of chemistry to society. There will be a strong emphasis on the critical analysis of a variety of areas in contemporary chemistry, particularly focusing on their social, cultural, and environmental impacts. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: apply the scientific method to problem solving; analyze and critique current news, recent research, and new developments in chemistry and related disciplines; and engage in informed debate on controversial topics in chemistry. COURSE WEBSITE: Course resources will be delivered via Moodle. The instructor will provide information on how to access the Moodle site in the first lecture. CHEM 300 Page 2 REQUIRED COURSE MATERIALS: Textbook: Chemistry and Society: custom e-book published for Capilano University incorporating material from Chemistry in Context, 7th ed. (2012) C.H. Middlecamp, S.W. Keller, K. L. Anderson, A.K.