Journal of Indonesian Tourism and doi: 10.21776/ub.jitode.2019.007.03.02 Development Studies E-ISSN : 2338-1647 http://jitode.ub.ac.id

Three Pillars Partnership in The Tourism Destinations Management in Order to Actualize Good Tourism Governance (Study on a Rafting Tour in )

Lely Indah Mindarti*,Muhammad Fahmi Lazuardi

Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Brawijaya, ,

Abstract Three pillars partnership in the tourism destinations management in orderto actualize Good Tourism Governance has been studied with a special case on a rafting tour in Probolinggo Regency. In tourism development, the synergy of the three pillars (state, private companies, and society)is necessary. Probolinggo Regency Government in the management of the rafting tour services conducts a partnership with private sectors and society. According to the objectives of the study that have been set, the type of this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. In data collection, the data were collected from observations, interviews, and documents of agreement. The method of data analysis used the analysis of Miles and Huberman. The result of this research showed that Probolinggo Regency Government has conducted a partnership with the private companies and the society in managing the tourism destinations. In this case, the three pillars have their responsibility to manage the rafting tour. However, the partnership of those three pillars has to be conducted continuously to actualize Good Tourism Governance. Keywords: Good tourism governance, Partnership, Three pillars, Tourism

INTRODUCTION the tourist inflow in Probolinggo and on the Indonesia as a developing country should economy increase of the surrounding society. emphasize that development is a significant Therefore, with the existence of tourism objects mechanism to increase the society life quality. in Probolinggo, society can be more empowered. One of the important development sectors to be Consequently, upon all efforts of the tourism expanded is Tourism. Indonesia as an archipelago destination service improvement, Probolinggo country which has natural wealth makes needs good cooperation among the three pillars Indonesia as a tourism destination that has of Governance. They are State, Private ahuge contribution for increasing economy Companies, and Society to reach their common aspect. It can be shown from the Ministry of goal of a good tourism destination service. Tourism and Creative Economy datainformed The objective of this study was to analyze the that the tourism sector contributes foreign performance and the partnership between the exchange of US$ 10.69 billion, equivalent to three pillars of Governance in Probolinggo Rp.136 trillion [1]. Thus it proved that the Regency. In the case of Probolinggo Regency of tourism sector is a potential sector which is Tourism and Culture Department regarding the enthused by all levels not only local but also private parties and the societies about the international tourists. management of tourism destination service to Indonesia is as a country which has natural actualize good tourism government. wealth and becomes the area for tourism Good Governance development. Probolinggo Regency is one of the Public administration is a process where the regencies in East has tourism wealth. One of resources and public personnel are organized the famous tourism in Probolinggo is rafting. The and coordinated to formulate, implement, and rafting tourism is located at Pekalen River that is manage public decision and policy [3]. According originated from springs of Mount Argopuro [2]. to the World Conference on Governance, UNDP However, Probolinggo still needs to increase in module 1. C, D, E on Education and Leadership the service management in terms of tourism Training level II of State Administrative Agency destination so that it can give a positive effect on (LAN) Study Paradigm (SPIMNAS) in Education and Training Centre in Leadership sector, Jakarta, Correspondence address 2012, Good Governance is a process of a good Lely Indah Mindarti government system management, involving Email : [email protected] stakeholders toward various economic, social, Address : Department of Public Administration, Faculty of and politic activities and the utilization of various Administrative Science, Universitas Brawijaya

[140] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.7, No.3, September 2019 Three Pillars Partnership in the Tourism Destinations Management (Mindarti & Lazuardi) natural, financial, and human resources for Governance, there are some performance society interest that is conducted based on the principles. principles: justice, equalization, equity, efficiency, Participation of Related Society transparency, and accountability [4]. In this case, society should be involved in Eight Good Governance Principles according deciding the vision, the mission, and the purpose to The United Nations Development Program’s of tourism development. (UNDP) are as follows: Participation, Rule of Law, Involvement of All Stakeholders Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus The stakeholders should involve actively and Orientation, Equity, Efficiency and Effectiveness, productively in tourism development. The and Accountability. Sjamsuddin [5] explained the stakeholders here include the Non-Governmental elements of Governance stakeholder consist of Organization (LSM), volunteers, Local three sectors, as follows. Government, Tourism Industry Association, State Business Association, and the other related The definition of the state generally covers all parties. political agency and public sectors. The state or Partnership of Local Ownership government’s role and responsibility involve Tourism development should be able to give public service performance, power enforcement a contribution to the society that is the local to rule/government duty, and creating a people who live in the surrounding area. conducive situation to reach the development goals either in local, national, or international Continuously Resources Utilization level. Continuously Utilization means that tourism development should avoid the use of irreversible Private sectors resources excessively. Private sectors, in this case, involve some companies in market system interaction, such as Society Aspiration Accommodation manufacture, trading, banking, cooperatives, and Society suggestion and aspiration should be also the other informal sectors. The role of able to be accommodated in the tourism private sectors is very important for the activities program to generate harmonic government and development since their duty is relationship among the tourists, the business as an opportunity to fix productivity, people, and the surrounding society. employment/job provider, income source, public Environment Support Capacity investment, business expansion and, economic Environment support society should be growth. adjusted in developing various tourism facilities Civil Society and activities. Civil society is an individual or a group of Monitoring and Evaluation Program society who interacts and socializes socially, Program of monitoring and evaluation in politically, and economically. Civil society does tourism development covers from guidelines not only do check and balances toward the creation, tourism activities effect evaluation, government authority and the private sectors but indicators development in measuring tourism also gives a contribution to strengthen the other effect, up to monitoring and evaluation. elements. Environment Accountability Good Tourism Governance Tourism development program strategy Good Tourism Governance is a coordination should pay attention to the job opportunity, the and synchronization program among the income and the health of the surrounding stakeholders and the actively synergic society, which are listed in the tourism involvement (integrated and mutually development policy, program, and strategy. reinforcing) among the government, private Training for the Related Society sectors/tourism industry and the related Society needs to be empowered. The society surrounding society [6]. In Good Tourism empowerment through education and training Governance, public sector needs a change in the programs in order to give knowledge and skill for way of thinking or acting, especially leaving the the society and to improve their business skill old centralistic government paradigm vocationally and professionally. (Constitution No. 32/2004). In Tourism

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Promotion and Advocacy of Local Culture Value 4. Internal Tourism is a combination of Good tourism development and management Domestic Tourism and Outbound need promotion and advocacy of its local culture Tourism value. It means maintaining and conserving the 5. International Tourism is a combination of cultural identity of the local society very well for Inbound Tourism and Outbound Tourism. visitors and tourist’s satisfaction. There are three main elements of tourism [13]. Public Services 1. Tourist is an important actor in tourism Public service is an endeavor that is done by a activities community or an individual or a bureaucracy to 2. Geography Elements give help to society in reaching a certain goal [7]. The tourist original area; is an area where Public service principles [8] consist of: the tourists are and do daily routines. From 1. Transparency; Means that openness and the tourist original area, they can access accessibility for all parties. information related to the tourism 2. Accountability; Can be accountable based destination they want. on the applicable provision. Transit area; is an area which is made as 3. Conditional; Adjust with the principal an area where tourists can stop temporarily condition toward efficiency and and continue their journey again. effectiveness. Tourism destination area; is the targeted 4. Participative; Support the society role in area by the tourists and should be managed public service. well so that area can provide entertainment 5. Rights Safety; There is no discrimination for the tourist. 6. Balance of Rights and Duties; Rights and 3. Tourism Industry is an element which offers duties fulfillment between the service service, attractiveness, and excursion. provider and the service receiver, in this Tourism industry consists of travel agencies term, they are the government and the which provide tourist accommodation. society. Indonesian Constitution No. 10 of 2009, Partnership article 5 about tourism, explained the principles Public-Private Partnership is a work unit of of tourism performance are: government service provider or government • Upholding the religious norms and business unit, such as Indonesian State-Owned cultural values as an embodiment from Enterprise (BUMN) or Regional Owned Enterprise the life concept in the balance of the (BUMD) which cooperate with the private sectors relationship between human beings and and the third sector [9]. Public-Private God, the relationship among the human Partnership is a cooperation of half government beings, and the relationship between authority allocation toward the private sectors to human beings and the environment. conduct half or whole development activities and • Upholding human rights, cultural infrastructure operation [10]. diversities, and local wisdom. • Giving benefits for society welfare, justice, Tourism equality, and proportionality. Tourism is various tour activities which are • Maintaining the nature conservation and supported by various facilities and services environment. provided by society, entrepreneurs, government, • Empowering the local society. and local government [11]. Tourists in tourism • Guaranteeing the coherence among can be divided into five classifications [12]: 1. Domestic Tourism is tourism caused by sectors, among regions, between the people who stay and live in that country. central government and local government 2. Inbound Tourism is tourism as the arrival which becomes one systemic unity in of people who are not the natives of that regional autonomy framework, and the country. coherence among the stakeholders. 3. Outbound Tourism is tourism as a visit of • Obeying tourism ethic codes and natives of one country to another International agreement in the tourism country. field. • Strengthen the integrity of the Republic of Indonesian (NKRI).

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Tourism Development Partnership which are managed by Probolinggo Regency According to Medium-Term Regional Government are: Development Plan of Probolinggo Regency period 1. 2013-2018, tourism partnership is listed in point 2. Madakaripura C in the program of Regional Work Units (SKPD) 3. Bentar Beach Culture and Tourism Department, on the other 4. Rafting hand, the terms of tourism development is based 5. Ronggojalu Water Tourism on point C that is listed in Medium-Term Regional 6. Ranu Segaran Development Plan program. 7. Wisma Ucik (lodging house) MATERIAL AND METHOD The tourism destinations above are managed In this research, the researcher used a by Probolinggo Regency Government through descriptive type of research with a qualitative Culture and Tourism Department. It means that approach [14]. The focuses of this research are the income goes to Local Own-source Revenue (1) Tourism destination in Probolinggo Regency (PAD). However, among all seven tourism and (2) Partnership form among the three pillars destinations mentioned, there is only one that is of Governance in the rafting tour service managed by the government, private sectors, management as an effort to actualize Good and society, it is Rafting. For the other five Tourism Governance. tourism destinations, they are managed fully by The data source of this research was obtained Probolinggo Regency Government. On the other through primary and secondary data.Data hand, Mount Bromo is managed together with collection was obtained from the results of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) observations, interviews, and document of [17]. agreement. Data collectionwas carried out for Rafting Tour in Probolinggo Regency four monthswith detailed observations; According to Head of Tourism Division of interviews with five informants (head of the Culture and Tourism Department of Probolinggo department, marketing staff, tourists) also Regency, rafting in Probolinggo Regency is document of agreement. located in Ranu Gedang Village, Tiris District, Next, in data analysis, the researcher used Probolinggo. It is located at Pekalen River that is data analysis steps based on Miles and originated from springs of Mount Argopuro and Huberman in Sugiyono they are: data reduction, Mount Lamongan [2]. The width of the river is data display, and conclusion drawing/verification about 5-20 meters and the depth is about 1-3 [15]. meters. The rafting distance of the river is more RESULT AND DISCUSSION or less than 12 km that takes three and a half Tourism Destination in Probolinggo Regency hours with the rafting difficulty level is on grade II Probolinggo is a region which has excellent and grade III+. natural resources. It makes Probolinggo Regency The rafting tourism of Probolinggo Regency as a region which has national and international Government via Culture and Tourism level tourism potency [16]. Probolinggo also has Department conducts a partnership with the the other tourism destination in other sectors, private sectors and society. The private sectors or such as beaches, lakes, and water sport, such as the operators of the rafting that is trusted to rafting which pumps adrenaline. The work units conduct the partnership are: program in Medium-Term Regional Development 1. PT. Condong Pandawa Nusantara (NOARS) Plan (RPJMD) of Probolinggo Regency listed in 2. PT. Songa Alam Lestari some points: 3. PT. Regulo Lintas Nusantara 1. Tourism Marketing Development Program Next, the society party consists of Tourism 2. Tourism Object Development Program Awareness Community and Tourism Care Citizens 3. Tourism Service and Partnership Program who take a part in cooperating, maintaining, and According to the Head of Tourism Division in conserving the beauty of tourism objects and Culture and Tourism Department of Probolinggo giving tourism education toward the local and Regency, there are hundreds of tourism objects international tourists [18]. in Probolinggo Regency. However, they need to be improved and developed together by the three pillars of governance. Tourism destinations

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Partnership Form among the Three Pillars of 3. Making reports periodically toward Governance in Managing the Rafting Tourism Probolinggo Regency Government through Object in Probolinggo Regency Culture and Tourism Department about the The partnership form among the three pillars tourism activities and visit flow. of Governance in managing the rafting tourism 4. Empowering the potency of the society object in Probolinggo Regency has been set in around the rafting location in every rafting the cooperation agreement between Probolinggo activity in line with the capacity needed by Regency Government as the first party and the the second party. three operators of Rafting service provider by 5. Guaranteeing the visitors safety and involving the society role as stated in the comfort at the rafting location. agreement number 181/87/428.12/212 (PT. 6. Providing rafting facilities and Condong Pandawa Nusantara), number infrastructure, safety tools, and insuring 181/88/426.12/212 (PT. Regulo Lintas every rafting participant [18]. Nusantara), and number 181/89/426.12/212 (PT. 7. Obeying the rules related to the flow/route Songa Alam Lestari). that has been set. Probolinggo Regency Government in Managing Society and Developing the Rafting Tourism Service The society role in managing and developing Probolinggo Regency Government as the first rafting tourism service is very important [19]. It is party has several responsibilities. known that society consists of various 1. Providing the management access of rafting components; they are Tourism Awareness attractiveness with some routes: Community, Tourism Care Citizens, and the local - Pekalen Atas River including the river society. The roles of the society components to stream in Ranu Gedang Village, support rafting tourism service are: Jangkang Village, Pesawahan Village, 1. Participating in maintaining the Racek Village in Tiris District environment and the rafting site. - Pekalen Bawah River including the river 2. In the document agreement, it is stated to stream in Pesaahan Village, Racek empower the potency of the society Village in Tiris District, Brabe Village in around the rafting site in every activity. Maron District, and Condong Village in 3. Maintaining security around the site and Gading District. becoming the direction indicator for the 2. Giving license and infrastructure facilities, tourists. such as path, bridge, and the other public 4. Taking a part in monitoring the facilities in order to accelerate the implementation of the rafting tourism management of rafting attractiveness [18]. service. 3. Giving support in the form of promotion of rafting attractiveness in order to increase From the discussion above, the three pillars the number of tourist visits in Probolinggo have strategic roles in managing rafting Regency [19]. destinations. Government, private sectors, and society have a sustainable relationship (Fig. 1). In The Three Operators of Rafting Service Provider this case, the government is as the authorized In this case are PT. Condong Pandawa party in monitoring the rafting tourism activities. Nusantara (NOARS), PT. Songa Alam Lestari, and On the other hand, private sectors, in this case, PT. Regulo Lintas Nusantara. In managing and are the three operators as the rafting service developing the rafting service, the three provider. It also involves society as a form of operators as the second party have some society empowerment [19]. responsibilities, they are: The partnership between government, 1. Paying contribution for Local Own-source private sectors, and society should be Revenue (PAD) toward the first party, in continuous. It means that it does not stop and this case, is Probolinggo Regency keeps trying to improve the tourism service Government. especially the rafting, because with the 2. Ensuring the first party to stay maintaining continuous tourism service management, the the river characteristics and will not related parties, in this case, are government, change or build the other building facilities private sectors, and society can actualize Good at the river and will maintain the aesthetics Tourism Governance [19]. in the river environment.

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