Darknet markets ecosystem Lifetimes and reasons for closure of over 100 global darknet markets offering drugs, sorted by date

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

e Farmer’s Market Raided At the time of closure of Silk Road, there were ˜ve active Darknet markets Silk Road Raided Black Market Reloaded Hacked darknet markets: Black Market Reloaded, Sheep — also known as Sheep Marketplace Scam Marketplace, Deepbay, BuyItNow and Valhalla. Shortly cryptomarkets — Atlantis Scam One of the ˜rst and best-known BuyItNow Voluntary after, a proliferation of markets came into existence. provide a largely darknet market places was Deepbay Scam Valhalla Valhalla anonymous platform Silk Road, which opened at the Budster Scam for trading in a range end of January 2011. Project Black Flag Scam Pandora Raided of illicit goods and Silk Road 2.0 Raided services. It is estimated TorMarket Scam BlackBox Market Voluntary that around two thirds Dream Market Dream Market e Marketplace Voluntary of the offers on darknet Pirate Market Scam markets are drug- 35 days after Silk Road was closed, FloMarket Hacked e most enduring marketplaces Black Market Raided related. Drug sales Silk Road 2.0 was launched. FreeBay Voluntary operate between three and four on these markets, Blue Sky Raided years: Valhalla, Dream Market and Agora Voluntary although modest when Tortuga Voluntary Outlaw Market. TorBay Voluntary compared to the overall White Rabbit Scam retail drug market, are Outlaw Market Scam or hacked significant and appear On average, the darknet marketplaces GreyRoad Voluntary observed remained active for just over DrugList Scam to be expanding. Evolution Scam eight months. Doge Road Scam EU-based suppliers are Cantina Hacked Operation Onymous resulted in important players in the Tor Bazaar Raided DarkBay Voluntary the closure of a number of darknet darknet ecosystem, the Breaking Bad Voluntary Pandora, Silk Road 2.0, TorEscrow Scam markets: evolution of which is Black Goblin Market Hacked Black Market, Blue Sky, Tor Bazaar, shown in this timeline. Cannabis Road Hacked Topix, Hydra, Cloud 9 and Alpaca. Utopia Raided BlackBank Market Scam Cloud 9 Raided The joint report Darknet Nation Hacked Sanitarium Market Voluntary prepared by the Hansa Marketplace Voluntary Start date End date EMCDDA and Europol Red Sun Marketplace Hacked EXXTACY Hacked ‘Drugs and the Darknet: Still open Topix Raided Perspectives for Hydra Raided e majority of marketplaces did Closure type Cannabis Road 2 Hacked enforcement, policy Mr Nice Guy Voluntary not make it beyond a year (n=78). Andromeda Scam and research’ considers Raided Hacked Exit Voluntary Silk Street Scam the latest findings from scam exit Underground Market Voluntary Pigeon Market Voluntary international research, Scam or Unknown 1776 Voluntary fresh empirical data, hacked Alpaca Raided Tortuga 2 Voluntary Invitation-only marketplaces in bold and operational TOM Scam Deepzon Voluntary information and Onionshop Hacked intelligence in order to Area51 Scam 35 days after Silk Road 2.0 was Middle Earth Marketplace Scam closed, Silk Road 3.0 was launched. illuminate how darknet Freedom Market Voluntary markets function and Cannabis Road 3 Scam Diabolus/SR3 Unknown how they relate to Nucleus Marketplace Scam Panacea Voluntary criminal behaviour. Silk Road 3.0 Silk Road 3.0 The analysis provides a Abraxas Scam AlphaBay Raided policy-orientated review 13 marketplaces operated between one and two Silk Road Reloaded Unknown intended to facilitate years: Hansa, Agora, Nucleus Marketplace, Free Market Voluntary T•chka T•chka discussions at EU level eRealDeal, Acropolis, Middle Earth Marketplace, Crypto Market Scam Apple Market, BlackBank Market, House of Lions Kiss Scam or hacked on how to respond Mr Nice Guy 2 Scam Major international Market, Evolution, Silk Road Reloaded, to the phenomenon. Ironclad Scam law enforcement Silk Road 2.0 and Anarchia. eRealDeal Unknown It also presents Havana/Absolem Hacked operations recommendations Oxygen Scam Bayonet and East India Company Scam in the areas of Haven Scam GraveSac shut law enforcement, Zanzibar Spice Voluntary down AlphaBay Nine marketplaces have made it for a period of between two Anarchia Unknown and Hansa. monitoring and policy. Tornado Unknown and three years: Silk Road, AlphaBay, Silk Road 3.0, Horizon Market Scam BlackMarket Reloaded, T•chka, Diabolus/SR3, e Farmer’s Darknet Heroes League Darknet Heroes Agape Voluntary League Market, Darknet Heroes League and Crypto Market. Poseidon Scam Amazon Dark Scam Hansa Raided Simply Bear Scam Notes: Market status last checked on Acropolis Voluntary 28.6.17 (except for AlphaBay and Hansa, Apple Market Apple Market for which data and information were House of Lions Market House of Lions updated to reflect closure on 4.7.17 and Market Minerva Unknown 20.7.17 respectively). At the time of writing there are 14 marketplaces that appear to be active and TradeRoute TradeRoute Sources: EMCDDA (2016a); DarkNet operational: Valhalla, Dream Market, Silk Road 3.0, T•chka, Darknet Heroes Wall Street Market Wall Street Market Stats (2017); DarkWebNews (2017); League, Apple Market, House of Lions Market, TradeRoute, Wall Street RSClub Market RSClub Market DeepDotWeb (2017); Gwern Archives Zion Market Zion Market (2017); Reddit (2017). Market, RSClub Market, Zion Market, In˜nite Market, CGMC and OW Market. In˜nite Market In˜nite Market Placemarket Unknown CGMC CGMC OW Market-start date unknown OW Market

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 TD-02-18-540-EN-C

Read the full report at emcdda.europa.eu/darknet