JULY 16, 1971 25 CENTS

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Is s

Abortion campaign: how women can unite/9 Interview with Native American activist/10 Raza conference reflected growing mov't/16

VOLUME 35/NUMBER 27 NEWTON TRIAL: California has brought Black Panther SUPERSTITION AND ADOPTION: A man and woman .leader Huey Newton to trial for a second time in con­ in New Jersey who had been given custody of a 24-day­ nection with the shooting for which he was convicted of old girl in 1969 were threatened with having the child manslaughter two years ago. That conviction was over­ taken back when adoption officials found out the two THIS turned last fall. Newton was found guilty of manslaughter were atheists. The state supreme court ruled July 1 that in the previous trial, but had been charged with first­ atheism could not be a reason for denying adoption rights degree murder. This time the charge is manslaughter. because such a restriction contradicted the constitutional WEEK'S protections separating church and state and permitting ACLU DEFENDS ANTIWAR AIR FORCE CAPTAIN: freedom of religion. -MILITANT A June 30 news release from the American Civil Liber­ ties Union announced that the organization will be de­ -- MICRONESIAN INDEPENDENCE: In the face of ob- 3 Abortion conf. to meet fending Capt Thomas S. Culver. Culver was a leader stinate U.S. refusal to grant even a degree of autonomy at Columbia Univ. of the antiwar ..action at the U.S. Embassy in London on May 31, where 200 U.S. armed forces personnel pre­ in internal self-government to the 100,000 people of its Interview with Jurenas sented antiwar petitions signed by 1,000 G Is stationed "Trust Territory" in the central Pacific, a movement for 4 Rouge editors indicted in England. The presentation was the largest antiwar national independence in growing. The June 20 New York 5 Supreme Court ruling action by U.S. soldiers overseas that has yet taken place. Times reported that an Independence Coalition had been formed that includes 11 members of the presently power­ invites prosecution His court-martial for allegedly violating an Air Force less Congress of Micronesia, and that students from Micro­ New PRG offer puts regulation prohibiting "demonstrations" is scheduled to begin July 8 at Lakenheath Air Force Base in England. nesia studying in Hawaii have formed a nationalist or­ Nixon on the spot ganization called the Micronesian Independence Advocates 8 'Abortion laws murder ARNOLD JOHNSON'S CASE SUSPENDED: The June to agitate against continued U.S. domination of the women' 30 Dally World reported that the case of Arnold Johnson, islands. Borg-Warner strike en­ a Communist Party leader active in the peace movement, has been suspended pending a Supreme Court decision MAYDAY TRIBE CONFERENCE: What was billed as ters 22nd week an All West Coast Mayday Tribe conference met June 9 Abortion campaign: how in a· separate wiretap case. Johnson is charged with con­ tempt of Congress for refusing to testify before the witch­ 26-27 in Eugene, Ore., but the 130 persons who attended, women can unite hunting House Internal Security Committee during hear­ including representatives of the Revolutionary Union, 10 Interview with a Native ings last spring that tried to smear the New Mobilization spent the entire time arguing over what should be dis­ American activist Committee to End the War in Vietnam. cussed, rather than discussing anything. 11 NPAC convention AGE OF MAJORITY LOWERED IN VERMONT: On JDL IN PARIS? After eight parked cars belonging to So­ 15 China offers guns to viet T:fade Mission officials were vandalized in Paris June Ceylon July 3, Vermont became the first state to grant 18-year­ olds all the rights of adults with the exception of being 30, notes signed by a "Jewish Defense Committee" were More on killings in Iran able to serve on juries. While the law grants persons sent to newspapers claiming responsibility for the damage. 16 Denver Raza conference 18 or older the right to vote, seek office, make contracts, 20 Fascists gain in Italian purchase liquor and marry without consent, the state's SOVIET "H:WPIES": The spreading popularity within attorney general is exploring ways to limit these rights the Soviet Union of rock music and of clothing and hair elections styles common among youth in other industrial countries 24 Chicago judge impounds for "non-resident" students attending Vermont schools. Similar efforts to combine the extension of democratic evidently has the Kremlin bureaucrats worried. According indictments . June 30 New York Times, CPSU Politburo member rights with the maintenance of restrictions on a large sec­ to the Postal workers vote tion of the student population have also occurred in Ken­ Pyotr Y. Shelest den_ounced "hippies" at a meeting of the July 15 strike tucky, which recently granted most legal rights to 18- Ukranian party central committee last month. Shelest Angela Davis petitions year-olds. said the "shameful phenomena" of these fashions cast­ dishonor on the youth themselves, "their comrades, par­ federal court ents and collectives in which they work and study." The TELEPHONE COMPANY LOSES COURT BATTLE Times account said Shelest called for a fight to restore OVER POOR SERVICE: Civil Court Judge Bentley Kas­ "proper appearance," which it described as "for young sa! ruled last month in favor of Robert Warren, who sued Communist men ... short haircuts, dark suits, and either 2 In Brief the New York Telephone Company for $300 in working 6 In Our Opinion white shirt and tie or a white turtleneck shirt" Approved time lost because of poor telephone service. Charging the attire for women consists of "a sober suit, or blouse. and Letters telephone l:ompany with "completely disregarding the wel­ *irt, with the hem ju&t above the knee." 7 Great Society' fare of the public," K&N&l Rid in his dedlion ••t "the ·Insurgent Ma;ority entire pattern ol horreadous telephone ~ervlce clenands ctUARTBa.MILLION WORTH OF WAMPUII JlE. drastic action, which does not appear to have been taken TUilNED: New York returned five wampum belts valued 16 La Raza en Accion in spite of the recent public relations program in the news­ 18 In Review at $250,000 to_ the Onondaga Nation of the Iroquois papers developed to demonstrate improvement in service." Confederation this month. While the Indians were not 19 By Any Means Neces­ allowed to put any conditions on the use of the belts by sary LOUISIANA THREATENS WADING BIBDS: In an act white people who stole them in 1898, the state gave them 21 National Picket Line of callous disregard for some of the most beautiful species back on the condition that the Indians construct a mu­ of wildlife in the U. S., the Louisiana state legislature seum at their own s:pense to house and display the wam­ last year authorized the hunting of the white ibis, an pum. elegant bird that closely resembles several species of egrets and herons. The law was passed at the urging of cray­ COVER PHOTOS of NPAC fish farmers who claim their profits suffer bec.ause the convention by Ed Weaver white ibis eats such large amounts of the crustacean- a NUN JAILED UNDER IMMUNITY PROVISION: The (top) and Brian Shannon. popular food in southern Louisiana. No study was made insidious "immunity" provision of the 1970 Crime Con­ to determine exactly what effect the white ibis has on the trol Act that provides for the jailing of grand jury wit­ crayfish population, but the legislature acted on the ig­ nesses who refuse to answer questions after being promised norant urging of the money-hungry commercial raisers "immunity" from prosecution (on the charges under in­ of crayfish. The state wildlife commission has stalled in vestigation, not on possible future charges related to their opening a season on the birds, but pressure is increasing testln:tony) has been employed against a nun in Brook­ THE MILITANT from the profit-grubbing destroyers of the environment lyn. The purpose of the hearings at which Sister Carol At the same time, the National Audubon Society is mount­ Vericker refused to testify June 29 is shrouded in secrecy, VOLUME 35/NUMBER 27 ing a campaign to reverse the legislature's decision, point­ although there is speculation that it relates to the case of JULY 16, 1971 ing out that hunting will endanger not only the ibis, but the Harrisburg Eight Other witnesses subpoenaed be­ QOSING NEWS DATE-JULY 7, 1971 all of the species that closely resemble it fore the federal grand jury in Brooklyn have been of­ ficers of the Harrisburg Defense Committee. Sister Carol NEW GAY GROUPS FORMED IN D. C., BAY AREA: is appealing the ruling from federal district court ordering her to jail and remains free until the appeal is decided. Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS In the last couple of months, the Bay Area Gay Alliance Technical Editor: JON BRITTON was formed in San Francisco and the Washington Gay Business Manager: FLAX HERMES Activists Alliance in Washington, D. C. Both groups de­ PLEA FOR DISMISSAL IN HARRISBURG: Defense at­ fine themselves as homosexual civil rights organizations torneys for Philip Berrigan and the other seven persons Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING. 1102 1/2 N. committed to direct action. One of Bay Gay's first ac­ accused in the frame-up conspiracy indictment for al­ Western Ave., Las Angeles, Calif. 90029. Tel: {213) legedly plotting to bomb capital buildings and kidnap 463-1917. tions was the June 22 Christopher_ Street Memorial Job Hunt in which a score of gays, dressed in working clothes Henry Kissinger flled a motion June 30 to dismiss charges Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass"n., with some carrying tools of their particular trade (car­ on the grounds that Susan Palmer, one of the grand 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone: penters, mechanics, etc.) picketed and· presented demands jurors who indicted the eight, was not qualified to serve Editorial Office {212) 243-6392; Business Office {212) at the Mark Hopkins Hotel, the Bank of America and the on the jury. Palmer was not a registered voter in the dis­ 929-3486. Second-class postage paid at New York, trict when she was selected to serve on the grand jury. N.Y. Subscription: domestic, S6 a year; foreign, 57.50. state civil service employment office- three establishments By first-class mail: domestic and Canada, S22, all that discriminate against gays in their hiring practices. -LEE SMITH other countries, S24. Air printed maHer: domestic and Canada, S26; Latin America and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, Asia {including U.S.S.R.), $50. Write lor sealed air postage rates. Signed articles by con­ tributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorial•. ~

2 By DEBBY WOODROOFE that women are planning to attend the conference NEW YORK-Women all over the country are from just about every state. Buses are being or­ now making plans , to attend the Women's Na­ ganized by abortion coalitions in many cities, in­ Nalioaal tional Abortion Conference July 16-18 at Colum­ cluding Boston, Detroit, Washington, D. C., Atlan­ bia University in New York City. The conference ta, Chicago, Minneapolis and St. Paul, Philadel­ has been called and endorsed by over 250 women phia and Cleveland. and women's groups representing Black, Chicana, Hundreds of new endorsements are coming into aborlioa Latina and Asian-American women, women's lib­ the office weekly. Some of the recent Black, Chi­ eration, gay liberation, class action suits against cana and Asian-American endorsers are: Norma abortion laws, the abortion repeal movement, the Andres, Asian Women and Wayne Women's Lib­ welfare rights movement, the Angela Davis defense eration; Elma Barrera, Houston Chicana Confer­ c:oafereac:e and political organizations. ence; Cynthia Canty, Phoenix House; Joyce Dalus, This will be the first national gathering of such Black Women's Abortion Suit, Michigan; Aileen a wide range of women to plan a national cam­ Hernandez, National president of NOW; Beulah at paign around one of the central issues women Sanders, Welfare Rights Organization; Cynthia Da­ are fighting for: the right of women to control their vis, Black Sisters in Struggle, San Francisco; and own bodies, the right to legal abortion. Taxi Wada, Asian-Americans for Action. The three days of the conference are being or­ Other new endorsers include: writer Betty Frie­ ganized to maximize the broadest possible dis­ dan; San Francisco Association to Repeal Abor­ ambia cussion of this issue. Following registration Fri­ Col in tion Laws; the New Democratic Coalition New day, July 16, the first session at 7:30 p.m. will York; Barbette Blackington, director of the Inter­ discuss the basis of the abortion flght. national Institute for Women's Studies in Wash­ The program will feature a discussion of how ington, D. C.; Jane Benedict, Metropolitan Coun­ Jaly 16-18 the abortion laws developed in this country and cil on Housing; Roberta Benjamin, president of when and how women began to fight back. Testi­ Eastern Massachusetts NOW; Mary Daly, Catholic mony will be heard from women who attempted theologian, Boston College; Gay Women of Female to obtain abortions in the early 1960s and how Liberation, Berkeley; Greater Philadelphia chapter the struggle against the archaic abortion laws of B'nai Brith; Tina Hobson, director of Federally has developed in the last two years. Employed Women; Solvieg Stengla, Lehigh Valley Black women will discuss why oppressed women Abortion Rights Association; U of California San from Third World communities support the abor­ Francisco Medical Center Women's Caucus; West tion repeal fight and why it should also be tied Side Mothers in Detroit; and Florynce Kennedy, to a campaign against forced sterilizations. author of Abortion Rap. .: Women from other countries, including Canada, National Organization for Women chapters from will discuss how this is an international struggle. Greenwich, Conn., Michigan, Milwaukee, and Phil­ Saturday and Sunday are being set aside entirely adelphia have endorsed the conference, as well as for workshops and assemblies to discuss and plan women's liberation groups from Houston, India­ the national program to repeal the abortion laws, napolis, Troy, N. Y., San Francisco State College including a call for a nationwide demonstration and George Washington U. Women's newspapers in the fall. Everywoman, KNOW, and Womenkind have also Workshops will be held on: national program; endorsed the conference. constituencies, including Black, Chicana and Asian Registration will begin Friday at 5 p.m. and women, gay women, high schoo"" women, nurses, 9 a.m. on Saturday at Columbia U in Ferris and doctors; projects, including, class action suits, Booth Hall. Child care is being organized by abortion counseling, legal fights through the legis­ the Summerhill Collective, and housing will be latures and courts; and regional workshops. available. For more information, write or call: Rooms are also available for women to orga­ Women's National Abortion Coalition, 137A W. nize other workshops of their choice. 14 St., New York, N.Y. 10011, (212) 924-0894. Indications from, the Coalition headquarters are Registration will be $2.

By HUGH MORGAN spreading GI antiwar activity. A Ft. Greely Gls United Against the NEW YORK CITY- Pvt. Ed Jurenas, Jurenas described the prospects for War in Vietnam has been formed and the antiwar and socialist GI who had continued publication of the paper as Jurenas says its membership is "ex­ An court-martial charges preferred "very bright." He said, "The second panding every day." against him at Ft. Greely, Alaska, for issue was better received than the first, Black Gls involved with the Arsenal his role in publishing an antiwar and now we have a staff of 10 people and with Gls United have written to newspaper, the Arctic Arsenal, was who will keep it coming out regular­ Huey Newton about forming a Ft. interview a keynote speaker at the preconven­ ly." Greely chapter of the Black Panthers. tion rally that kicked off the July 2-4 The efforts by the brass to stifle "The strongest reaction against what National Antiwar Convention at Hun­ the expression of antiwar sentiment the brass is trying to do," Jurenas with ter College here. He also served on have had a boomerang effect, accord­ said, "has been among the G Is who the presiding committee of the conven­ ing to. Jurenas. In the course of build­ have been to Vietnam. They are the tion. ing a campaign to defend their right most outspoken against the war, and Private In an interview July 3, Jurenas said to publish the Arsenal, he and the they have been the most outspoken in he was surprised that the Army al­ other Gls who worked on the first defense of the right to put out the lowed him the leave that made his issue have drawn more Gls into anti­ paper." attendance ·at the convention possible. war activity. Ed "I had requested a 1 0-day leave to Gls at neighboring bases, such as come to New York to consult with my the Kodiak Naval Station, have also attorney and attend the convention," expressed solidarity' with Jurenas and Jurenas Jurenas said, "but I didn't have high support for the Arctic Arsenal, he said hopes." (Jurenas' attorney is James Before he left for New York, Jurenas Lafferty, one of the coordinators of said the Arsenal staff discussed putting the National Peace Action Coalition out a special fact sheet on the revela­ that sponsored the antiwar conven­ tions of the Pentagon documents. tion.) Jurenas' plans when he gets to the At 9:30 in the morning June 30, Presidio, he said, are to "get in con­ "my CO told me I was getting the tact with the .organized G I antiwar leave," said Jurenas, "but he also told movement there and continue to ex­ me that at the conclusion of the leave, ercise my right to protest against the I was to report to the Presidio in the war, as I have done since I was draft­ Bay Area for another- assignment ed." there." After the convention, Jurenas was Because his new base falls under leaving on a speaking tour to Chi­ another command division, Jurenas cago, Detroit and the Bay Area be­ said, the court-martial charges against fore reporting at the Presidio. him will be ·re-p referred. This means The tour was organized by the GI the charges will have to be prepared Civil Liberties Defense Committee, and all over again-"preferring charges" GICLDC secretary Terry Hillman said is preparing them, and is a step re­ Jurenas would be speaking on a num­ moved from formally lodging charges. ber of radio shows as well as before The charges preferred against Jure­ groups. nas at Ft. Greely were for alleged Hillman said Senator George Mc­ violations of Universal Code of Mili­ Govern and Representatives Herman tary Justice Articles 89, 92, and 134 Badillo and Patsy Mink had all sent -disrespect to an officer, failing to letters to offiCials of the Army protest­ comply with a regulation and making ing the charges pending against Jur­ disloyal statements- all based on the enas. work he did in publishing the Arctic The GICLDC needs contributions to Arsenal and distributing it on post. help finance the printing and legal It seems clear that the brass decided costs of Jurenas' defense. They can be to just get Jurenas out of Alaska, Pvt. Ed Jurenas addressing NPAC sent to GICLDC, Box 355, Old Chel­ somehow hoping that might halt the Convention in New York, July 2. sea Station, N.Y., N.Y. 10011.

THE MILFrANf/ JULY 16, 1971 3 Editors of Rouge .indicted for 'slander' From Intercontinental Press Spanish militants over to their Franco ment It is well known that the French "It remains to be seen if such prose­ A five-count indictment for libeling counterparts; (2) expressed doubts bourgeoisie has a habit of moving cutions, launched more than eight the police, answerable on July 6 in a about the circumstances surrounding against the working class during the months after publication of the first Paris court, was recently returned the death of a yoqng worker, Jean­ months of July and August, when of the cited articles and more than against Charles Michaloux, executive Pierre Thevenin, in the police head­ workers and students are on vacation three months after the appearance of editor of the weekly Rouge, official quarters at Chambery; and (3) spoke and the risk of reaction is minimal. the last, are inspired by concern for organ of the Ligue Communiste about collusion between the police and (The devaluation of the franc a couple making the police respected or by the (Communist League), French section the fascistlike Ordre Nouveau (New of summers ago is a case in point.) same politically opportunistic consid­ of the Fourth International. Order), with special reference to a Even the Paris daily Le Monde, erations that have already led to Based on articles appearing in five meeting in the Palais des Sports. which can hardly be accused of left­ charges against Jean-Paul Sartre and different issues, dating from last Oc­ More interesting than the charges ist .sympathies, felt constrained to com­ to various proceedings against left­ tober 12 to March 15 of this year, themselves is the timing of the indict- ment on the timing of these charges: wing movements and the left-win.g the crimes with which Rouge, in the press. After getting through the dan­ person of its executive editor, is gerous months of May and June with­ charged include publicly insulting and out too many incidents, on the eve slandering the police through articles of the vacation period (which, they "of such nature as to cast aspersions hope, will temporarily disperse the on the honor and repute of the police militants), didn't the powers-that-be department, a public service." Each figure that the moment was favorable offense is punishable by eight days for neutralizing the most active ele­ to one year in jail, plus a fine. ments without fear of too strong a The first of the five articles cited reaction- and didn't they think it a in the indictment, a report on how good time to strengthen their position Raymond Marcellin (who, as minis­ this way, in preparation for the re- ter of interior, heads the police) had • turn to work and school in the fall?" demanded that the minister of cultural There can be no doubt that this affairs censor the film "Un Conde," attack on Rouge is part and parcel ended with the words: "Go see 'Un of a general attack on the press. As Conde': You '11 see the cops as they Rouge itself comments: "What Marcel­ are in the street, in their headquarters, lin is conducting is a frontal attack watchdogs of the ruling class- not against the French press. Today it as Marcellin would have us believe is evident that although he starts off they are, honest functionaries in the with the far left, he has no intention service of the 'Republic.'" In addition of limiting himself to this. His ideal to calling the cops "watchdogs of the is a situation in which, just like his own subordinates, 'journalists take an ruling class," the report contained some of the censored dialogue. oath of office- to be submissive, ser­ vile, G aullist. . . . The second of the offending articles, "The Committee for the Defense of entitled "The Police, Justice, and the Journalists, aware of the danger, is Regime," stated that in many cases today waging a battle for freedom policemen give false testimony, accus­ of the press. The defense of our paper ing the defendant of having struck is part of this larger battle, and we or insulted them, when generally the will see to it that Rouge's trial becomes defendant has been worked over by a forum of struggle for freedom of these same cops! The article also al­ the press." leged that cops who had come to the A call for solidarity with Rouge has courthouse in an ambulance left the been signed by many of France's fin­ courthouse in perfect health, on their est intellectu·als, writers, and lumina­ own two feet, after giving their testi­ ries in all the arts. The signers declare mony. themselves "ready to act as witnesses In the three remaining articles figur­ Indictment against editors of Rouge accuses paper of at the trial, thus demonstrating their ing in the indictment, Rouge ( 1) ac­ casting aspersions on "honor and repute" of police. determination to oppose the gradual cused the French police of turning Above, Paris cops at work. installation of a police state in France." Canadian revolutionists to hold conference The first cross-Canada Socialist Edu­ revolutionary-socialist vanguard par­ ported recruiting five people to the by Manon Leger; "Fifty Years: Build­ cation Conference will be held at the ty in Canada. The group formed the YS and signing up another 150 inter­ ing a Revolutionary Party in Canada" University of Waterloo, Aug. 20-25, Communist Party of Canada and ested in the YS and the Waterloo con­ by Ross Dowson; and "How to Make in Waterloo, Ontario. Organized by joined the Third International led by ference. A special train is being or" a Revolution in Canada" by Joan the League for Socialist Action/Ligue Lenin and Trotsky. The heirs of that ganized for the cross-Canada trip Newbigging. Socialiste ~ vriere and the Young revolutionary heritage are to be found from British Columbia. Workshops and speakers from the Socialists/Ligue des Jeunes Socialistes, today in the L SA/ LSO, and in the The main speeches at the conference European revolutionary movement the conference will be part of the com­ revolutionary youth organization, are to be: "The New Radicalization are also featured. memoration of the fiftieth anniversary YSjLJS. and Where It Is Heading" by John The conference registration fee for of the founding of Canadian commu­ Right now, regional organizing Steele; "The Meaning of Life- A Marx­ the whole week is just $30. A cross­ nism. teams are publicizing and building ist Analysis" by George Novack; country fund drive has been launched The site of the conference is near the conference all over Canada. Ac­ "Have Women Always Been the Sec­ to raise $5,500 to cover the projected Guelph, where a group of revolution­ cording to the June 21 Labor Chal­ ond Sex?" by Evelyn Reed; "Feminism deficit. For information, registration aries met in May 1921, in a barn lenge, the Canadian revolutionary­ and the Canadian Revolution" by Jac­ or contributions, write: Socialist Edu­ just outside the city limits, to launch socialist weekly, an organizing team quie Henderson; "Quebec: The Strug­ cational Conference, 334 Queen St. the first serious effort at building a in Vancouver, British Columbia, re- gle for Independence and Socialism" W., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. UFWOC organizes in San Diego County By JESSE SMITH The union, with support from both welcome news," he said on June 29. of a picket who came to the defense SAN DIEGO- A spontaneous strike Chicano and Anglo students and some "Now we've been able to speed up our of another striker attacked by scabs by unorganized farm workers, touched Catholic priests and nuns, has .been tomato harvest We hired about 20 and company guards. off when several of them were fired picketing the fields and growers' hous­ new alien workers yesterday." Pickets are frequently served with for wearing union buttons, has become es and is organizing a boycott of summonses and court orders. And the the opening round in a drive to or­ Egger-Ghio's E-MO brand. Most of these workers live across growers are seeking a permanent in­ ganize San Diego County. the Mexican border in Tijuana, where junction against picketing of the hous­ The United Farm Workers Organiz­ The U.S. Labor Department certi­ large numbers of miserably poor un­ es and $100,000 punitive damages ing Committee (UFWOC) has spent fied the strike as a legal labor dispute employed gather from other parts of from the union. several months readying a campaign last April 28. Such certification bars Mexico to get hired for work on U.S. to unionize the hundreds of farms in the employer from hiring Mexican citi­ farms. On the political front, growers are the county, whose major crops include zens with temporary· work permits · Egger-Ghio has also hired Anglo backing a bill, now pending in the tomatos, beans, lettuce,and avocados. (green card holders) as strike-break­ strikebreakers who drive along picket California legislature, which would The strike against the Egger-Ghio ers. But on June 24, as the tomato lines at high speeds to intimidate farm outlaw secondary boycotts and strikes farm here is now centered on gaining crop was getting ripe, the certification workers and supporters. A fight took during harvest. If passed, it would a union contract and is the UFWOC's was rescinded. place June 29 between these goons deprive the UFWOC of two of its ma­ first major fight in the area. Emil Ghio Jr. was elated. "It was and pickets, resulting in the arrest jor weapons.

4 Supreme Court ruling invites Viet proposal creates gov't prosecution dilemma for Nixon By DAVID THORSTAD Chief Justice Warren Burger andJus­ From Intercontinental Press JULY 6-The U.S. Supreme Court, tices Harry Blackmun and John Har­ by a vote of 6 to 3, ruled June 30 lan said that if any executive official The seven-point peace proposal sub­ tention of withdrawing all U. S. troops that the government could not pre­ of cabinet rank claimed that material mitted July 1 by Nguyen Thi Binh, until he can assure the maintenance vent the New York Times and the was dangerous to foreign relations chief of the Provisional Revolutionary of a puppet regime in Saigon. His Washington Post from publishing ar­ and should not be published, the court Government's (PRG) delegation to the difficulties were noted even by such ticles based on the secret Pentagon had no right to challenge that asser­ Paris talks, has removed virtually the capitalist newspapers as the Washing­ papers. The following day, both news­ tion. last prop from Richard Nixon's at-· ton Post, which commented in a July papers resumed their series. Contained in the decision was a tempts to find some support for his 2 editorial: The decision, ending a round of in­ warning, supported by four justices, war policies among the American peo­ "Just to the extent that the new offer tense struggle between the government that the press could be criminally pros­ ple. makes it easier for the United States and the major capitalist news media, ecuted for printing the documents. For months, Nixon has proclaimed to retrieve the prisoners, however, it dramatized the sharp division within White, one of those who had voted that he would not withdraw all U.S. will be objectionable to Mr. Nixon, the U.S. ruling class over what to do against restraining the newspapers, troops from Vietnam prior to the re­ for it does not promise to satisfy his about the losing Vietnam war. While said that he "would have no difficulty lease of American prisoners of war. primary war aim which is to give the decision represented a victory for in sustaining convictions" if the Times The government has engaged in a the Saigon government a reasonable freedom of the press, it virtually in­ and Post were prosecuted, .even though massive propaganda campaign de­ chance to survive without continuing vited new attempts by the government he was not in favor of prior restraint. signed to convince Americans that the American ground combat support. to censor sensitive newspaper reports. In its willingness to uphold convic­ prisoners are poorly treated and . . . Throw in the obvious point that Each justice wrote his own opinion tions of those responsible for the Times threatened with indefinite captivity. a commitment to complete withdrawal on the case, but they expressed three and Post articles if the government The PRG proposal, which was sup­ would preclude Mr. Nixon's planned major 'positions. Since no single posi­ were able to get convictions in the ported by the North Vietnamese dele­ 45,000-man residual force ... and it tion had the support of a majority, courts, the Supreme Court was out gation, made it clear that the prison­ is not hard to see why he may find the only statement that stands as a of step with the general sentiment ers would be freed as soon as Nixon Mrs. Binh' s plan 'objectionable."' precedent is the unsigned decision. throughout the country. A Gallup Poll, stopped the U.S. aggression· in Indo­ Nixon appeared to have decided that That decision asserted that any attempt made public yesterday but taken be­ china. The relevant portion of the text, the best means of dealing with the PRG to restrain the press comes into court fore the court's ruling, revealed that according to a Reuters dispatch, reads proposal was to stall. Officials ef the bearing a "heavy presumption against 58 percent of the sample thought that as follows: administration insisted on a ~ row its constitutional validity." Because of publication of the documents was "the "If the U.S. Government sets a ter­ "clarification" of the plan. 'I'Wence this, tl!e government "carries a heavy right thing." This is indicative of the minal date for the withdrawal from Smith observed in the July 3 New burden of showing justification for the tremendous public pressure on the Su­ South Vietnam in 1971 of the totality York Times: enforcement of such a restraint." The preme Court to rule in favor of the of U.S. forces and those of the other "It seems more likely that the Ad­ court ruled that in this case, the gov­ newspapers. foreign countries in the U.S. camp, ministration will first probe the mean­ ernment "had not met that burden." Despite the failure of the court to the parties will at the same time agree ing and motive behind the other side's Thus, the decision did not rule out make a clear-cut constitutional ruling, on the modalities: offer, and then perhaps respond with press censorship in general, but only it will be extremely difficult, because "A. Of the withdrawal in safety from a proposal that conforms more closely stated that in this particular case, the of the mounting wave of popular senti­ South Vietnam of the totality of U.S. to its own goals." Justice Department had not convinced ment demanding the truth about the forces and those of the other foreign In the July 2 Times, James M. the court that censorship was justified. war in Indochina, to prevent further countries in the U. S. camp, Naughton noted the "possibility" that Justices Hugo Black, William Doug­ disclosures like the ones that have just "B. Of the release of the totality of Nixon, "... determined not to under­ las, and Thurgood Marshall held that been published. military men of all parties and the cut the position of President Nguyen the government had no right whatso­ Whether the Nixon administration civilians captured in the war (includ­ Van Thieu, would attempt to delay ever to restrain the press, regardless of will now attempt to prosecute the edit­ ing American pilots captured in North any resolution of the issues in Paris considerations of national security. ors of the newspapers or not is an Vietnam), so that they may all rap­ until after the presidential electioDS in Justice William Brennan Jr., Potter open question. It is _presently mapping idly return to their homes. South Vietnam in October." Stewart, and Byron White said that the out the course it will follow, although "These two operations will begin on But Nixon may have less time to press could be censored in cases where the Justice Department did announce the same date and will end on the stall than he would like to think. published material would cause im­ on July 1, immediately following its same date." The massive demonstrations &ft&Uwt mediate and irreparable dam age to defeat, that it intended to prosecute: The proposal also offered a cease­ the war planned for the fall may now the nation, but that the Pentagon study "The Department of Justice is contin­ fire "as soon as the parties reach be swelled by hundreds of thousa~ did not pose such a threat. Continued on page 22 agreement on the withdrawal." of persons who realize that they c• The PRG initiative created a real help force Nixon to bring all tile dilemma for Nixon, who has no in- troops home now. Conviction of Koen upheld by court By DERRICK MORRISON Koen received fractures of his head, On June 28, the Missouri Supreme both hands, and bruises and other Court chose to uphold a 1968 assault wounds. He was so badly beaten that conviction against Rev. Charles Koen, police left him for dead. He required executive director of the Cairo United several weeks of hospitalization. De­ Front and chairman of the National spite his condition, he was charged Black United Fronts. And in another with assault against the. police! blow to the Black community of Cairo, Although his conviction is being ap­ Ill., Bobby Lee Williams, economic pealed, he is subject to arrest at any developer of the Front, was arrested time, according to Front officials. The by federal agents on a charge of il­ sentence is six months in the St. Louis legal possession of weapons and has County jail. been restricted to the state of Missouri. In the case of Williams, despite his restricted travel, he has begun to or­ Rev. Koen's conviction in 1968 ganize a St. Louis Black United Front. arose out of police harassment be­ These cases are examples of con­ cause of his activities in the St. Louis tinuing repression against the Cairo Black liberation movement. At the Front. To effectively fight the court time of the incident, he and Leon Dent battles stemming from suchrepression, were stopped by police for supposed­ funds are very much in need. Con­ ly having no tail lights. Both were tributions can be sent to: Cairo United taken to the police station, where they Front, P. 0. Box 544, Cairo, lll., were brutally attacked by police. Rev. 62914. ~lhl~~ "Can you be sure that publication of those papers won't somehow some way result in casualties? "

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 5 In Our Opinion Letters

N.Y. abortion record Veterans' action ed leadership to the emerging mass Since the new New York State abortion law went into effect one year Your Seattle reporter must have struggle in East Bengal. ago, on July 1, 1970, 165,000 abortions have been performed in New failed to cover the Seattle Memorial It has been suggested that once the bourgeois leadership of Bangia York City and an additional 42,000 in other parts of New York State. Day parade, so here is a report. Veterans Against the War (V AW) Desh is wiped out by the West Paki­ During the month of April alone close to 23,000 abortions were per­ stole the show in the Memorial Day stani Army with Chinese support, formed. This is almost one abortion for every baby born-950 abor­ parade here. They were 60 strong, China will help build a genuine rev­ tions for every 1,000 births. The number of abortions continues to and that's an excellent percentage olutionary guerrilla force in Bangia grow rapidly. out of a membership of only 300. Desh. Anyone who has read the his­ The experience with a liberalized abortion law in New York (the The Anlerican Legion and the Vet­ tory of the Vietnamese revolution erans of Foreign Wars (VFW), with will see that it is quite unnecessary law legalizes abortions done by a doct

6 The Great Society

Anti-alienation program- An in~ustri­ giant neon signs at the gaming estab­ in for the marble floor. No specifica­ al psychologist advised employers that lishments in Lost Wages, Nevada, con­ tions on the toilet chain. Complete, Free Taiseer AI-Zu'bi employee thefts can be utilized as a sume enough power to illuminate a $16,000. It was brought to the attention of the "motivational tool" and "a safety 300-mile highway with street lamps Bloomington Palestine Solidarity valve for frustration." The workers 75 feet apart. The sign at the Dune Committee that Taiseer Al-Zu'bi, a really don't get to rip · off all that stands 18 stories high and weighs al­ Snap bini to attention- Patriotic em­ member of the General Secretariat of much, he noted "and the intellectual most as Qiuch as five 707 jets. It ployers are being offered desk-sized the National Union of Jordan's Stu­ and physical challenge provided by cost a half million dollars to build flagpoles with a concealed jet stream dents, has been arrested by the Jor­ the opportunities to steal represent a and has an electric bill of over $4,000 that causes the flag to flutter. For danian authorities in the first week significant enrichment of the individ­ a month. his next birthday, you might take a of June 1971. ual's job." And, he might have added, collection to get a second one for the According to radical Arab press, there's always the thought that if you executive toilet. the life of Taiseer Al-Zu'bi is in get good enough at it, you'll be boss. Anal entrepeneurs- The Wall Street grave danger due to atrociou~ pris­ Our credit-card economy- In grap­ on conditions and the torture he is Journal reports that despite current They dig school cafeterias- Bacteria, pling with Marx's Capital, one thought put under. business difflculties, numerous execu­ the Associated Press advises, can make was easily grasped on the basis of The Executive of the Palestine Sol- tives are still sinking huge sums into a meal of crab shells, railroad ties, ultraplush offices, with particular at­ long personal experience. That was . idarity Committee of Bloomington, the concept that under capitalism, the Ind., calls upon all friends to help transmission grease or old rubber tention focused on the executive toilet. tires. One impressively consistent fellow has relationship between debtor and credi­ save the life of Taiseer Al-Zu'bi by tor tends to become fixed. We were publicizing the. muter and sending 14-karat gold-plate fixtures through­ reminded of this on learning that the letters of protest of King Hussein It's fortunate that Jesus saves- Con­ out, including the toilet paper roller. U.S. debt, public and private, (Amman, Jordan), and U Thant tributions to religious institutions in­ Another, apparently cold-blooded increased by .$117-billion in 1970. To­ (United Nations, N.Y., N.Y.), de­ creased by only 3.5 percent last year, type, has a sea't of black onyx. One tal U. S. indebtedness- governmental, manding the safe release of Taiseer. a figure that did not. keep pace with esthete type commissioned a sculptor business and personal- now stands We urge you all to write. The life either the rise in personal income or to design his bowl. at a solid $1.84 trillion. of a human being and a militant with the shrinking value of the dollar. revolutionary is at stake. The total religious take was a mere Freedom for Taiseer Al-Zu'bi $8.2-billion, which concerned observ­ ••• and for the anal employee- If Still liquid- Despite all the talk about NOW! ers note is a piddling ten percent of the foreman won't let you fix up the American capitalism's liquidity crisis C.K. the military budget. And probably not toilet like the boss's, check with the -or mi~oybe because of it-370 mil­ Bloomington, Ind. a great deal more than the bread Rathcon company about having a lion gallons of spirits were coneumed wasted on things like homes and special job installed at home. Sink, in 1970, an increase of eight million schools. tub and toilet bowl are hand carved gallons over 1969. Sexist advertising marble. Spigots, towel bars, etc., 24k The Women's Liberation Union of So they can see you coming- The goldplate. A needlework rug is thrown -HARRY RING Rhode Island has just filed a com­ plaint against the Providence Jour­ nat· Bulletin for its sexist advertis­ ing, in that it runs its ads under male and female columns. We charge the Journal with discriminatory prac­ tices in its help wanted column. This practice is a clear and direct viola­ tion of the state Fair Employment Practices Act, Title VII of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and regu­ lations of the federal Equal Employ­ The .ment Opportunities Commission. The May 21 Militant carried an article on the fight of holds every week. In Missoula, Mont., 20 young women We have asked the Human Rights welfare mothers in Tennessee against a bill in the legis­ have become the first female firefighting crew in the U.S. Commission to order the Providence · lature which would have forced women with one or more Forest Service. In Las Vegas, Nev., two women won Journal Bulletin to cease this prac­ "illegitimate" children to submit to sterilization or lose tice at Qllce and begin running help suits demanding their right to employment as blackjack all welfare benefits. After protests by welfare mothers, who dealers. They were refused jobs at 12 casinos and hotels wanted ads without any reference to sex. ,. picketed the legislature and demanded public hearings on the basis of their sex. Meanwhile, in Philadelphia four on the bill, the bill was fortunately defeated. eighth graders served as the first "altar girls" at a sub­ We know that the Providence Jour­ In its place, the Tennessee legislature has passed one urban Catholic church. They were prevented from con­ nal could never run help wanted advertisements saying "Help Wanted of the nation's most liberal laws concerning contraception tinuing by the archdiocese, however, which ruled that -Blacks" and "Help Wanted...,.. Whites" and voluntary sterilization. girls were precluded from serving mass. Fourteen-year~ because of the recent civil rights The new law says that: "All medically acceptable con­ old Regina Durante, who initiated the drive for altar struggles. Similarly, the women's lib­ traceptive procedures, supplies and information shall be girls, said, "I just didn't think it was fair for the boys eration movement will not tolerate readily and practicably available to each and every per­ to do it alone." About 46 girls in the parish signed up help wanted ads that funnel women son desirous of the same regardless of sex, race, age, to learn to be altar girls. into low paying, menial jobs. income, number of children, marital status, citizenship or It is common knowledge that pro­ motive." "AMA Chief Asks Role for Young Men," and "AMA fessional and highly paid jobs are The law also provides that: "To the extent that family Divided by Appeal to Give Role to Young Men" were dominated by men. Statistics show planning funds are available, each agency and institution headlines in the June 221 and June 25 New York Times.. that women earn on the average of this state and each of its political subdivisions shall Later in the articles, it becomes clear that "young men'' $8,000 less than men. The Journal provide contraceptive procedures, supplies and. informa­ is supposed to be synonymous with "young doctors." must cease its clear and open dis­ tion including voluntary sterilization procedures for male crimination against women. We de­ or female to any medically indigent persons free of charge. mand that all fields of employment "The same service ·shall be available to all others who be open to women and that they be are unable to obtain service privately at a cost to be de­ The growing effect of the women's liberation movJ!ment paid the same wages as men for the termined by the agency or institution." on working women was indicated by the recent triennial same job. A provision stipulating that abortion £lso be available convention of the Office and Professional Employees In­ Jill Fein was stricken from the bill during consideration by the ternational Union. The Michigan AFL-CIO News reported Women's Liberation Union legislature. that the entire convention focused on the problems of Providence, R I. This experience in Tennessee shows the importance of working women. About 70 percent of the union's 80,000 women injecting their point of view into the ferment over members are women. A resolution was passed calling abortion and contraception laws. We must fight for abor­ on unions and industry to establish jointly administered tion and contraception to be available on demand- not day-care centers for the children of workers. The con­ forced- so that women can control our own bodies and vention also condemned the "double discrimination" lives. against divorced or widowed women workers. Union The letters column is an open forum president Howard Coughlin noted that, "While organized for all viewpoints on subjects of gell-' Declaring that laws against abortion are neither "just women employees often earn less than men, these women eral interest to our readers. Please nor enforceable," the biennial convention of the United (divorced or widowed) are offered even less than their keep your letters brief. Where neces­ Church of Christ called June 29 for repeal of all legal 'normal' substandard salary if prospective employers dis­ sary they will be abridged. Please in­ prohibitions on abortions performed by doctors. The syn­ cover they are receiving alimony or are beneficiaries of dicate if your name may be used or od declared that voluntary and safe abortions should be insurance policies or estates." if you prefer that your initials be used available to all women. In explaining its decision, which Apparently this union is not yet ready, however, to let instead. was made by a 523-to-51 vote, the synod statement said: women into the real leadership of the union. Coughlir abortion laws "compel women either to bear unwanted was reelected international president for the eighth tim~, children or to seek illegal abortion, regardless of the having served since 1953, and the secretary-treasurer, medical hazards and suffering involved." also a male, has served since the union was founded ir 1945. Women are breaking their way into more male strong- -CAROLINE LUNL

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 i Striking UAW local 'The abortion la~s rejects company offer ~~!~~!w~~~~~~,ix~, will d~ide '"' by Dr. Barbara Roberts-member of the more than 100 million women in have the protection of an unlimited By HERMAN KIRSCH New Haven Women's Liberation and this country whether or not abortion escalator clause. We'll be in worse CLEVELAND, July 5-For a third a coordinator of Women vs. Connect- laws violate our constitutional right time, and after 22 weeks of stdke condition three years from now if we icut- on June 12, 1971, at the first to privacy. Their decision will either against Pesco Products Division of buy this contract." meeting of the Committee for a Worn- be a milestone in our struggle to con- ' Borg-Warner in Bedford F:leights, Because of an injunction against en's National Abortion Coalition. trol our own bodies, or it will deal Ohio, members of UAW Local 363 mass picketing by the union, strikers' Women vs. Connecticut is a group a staggering blow to our movement voted 179-131 to reject the company wives have been maintaining the pick­ of over 1,500 plaintiffs who have filed by forcing us to be the unwilling pro- proposal for a three-year contract. The et lines and preventing many scabs a class action suit challenging the con- ducers of the next generation of can- primary concern in the v@te was the from entering the plant. Engineers, stitutionality of the Connecticut abor- non fodder. absence of an unlimited escalator clerks, supervisors and professional tion laws. The June 12 meeting called If we sit back and do nothing, this clause in the company proposal. people have been working on produc­ a national women's abortion confer- is very likely to happen. Even in coun- The angry members focused their tion. ence to be held in New York, July tries where abortion is "legal," it is so vocal opposition and heckling on The strikers a~e highly skilled and 17-18. only so long as a falling birth rate Clare Phillips, U AW staff representa­ have been with the company from is considered desirable. When war or tive sent in from Detroit to settle the 18 to 35 years. They are determined economic recession threatens, abortion strike, which has now cost the inter­ to sign no contract unless it complies I thought I would begin by g1vmg laws are quickly reinstated or national union $400,000 in strike ben­ fully with the General Motors pattern you some of the reasons why I be­ strengthened, as happened in Russia efits. that was established last winter. The came involved in the abortion issue. and Germany on the eve of World "Are you trying to sell us an infe­ corporation this year signed agree­ . The first thing that radicalized my War II. No country has ever upheld rior bill of goods after we paid out ments with seven of the 16 plants thinking (for I had been raised a the right of women to control their good money in support of the Gen­ under UAW jurisdiction. Roman Catholic) was having several own bodies. Most explicitly deny us eral Motors strike?" one member Pesco Products is taking advantage years ago the experience of an un­ that right. asked. All but two members of the of the current crisis in the aircraft wanted pregnancy and being unable Between now and next spring, we local executive board voted to accept industry to go ahead with .its plans to obtain an abortion. must inform the government that we the company proposal. They were as­ to break the strike. They have adver­ Then, as I continued in medical will no longer tolerate laws that de­ tonished, and on the defensive- not tised for scabs-"college students 20 school, I began seeing more of the grade, mutilate, and murder us. We having expected such vociferous and and over may apply" -in all Cleve­ fall-out of abortion laws. I saw a must educate them to the idea that the widespread resentment frol.ll the mem­ land suburban papers, offering a $3- woman brought into the emergency only good abortion law is no abor­ bers. an-hour starting rate. room with half of her bowel hanging tion law. And we must be successful Borg-Warner is a multinational cor­ No Cleveland area company since out of her vagina; she had been driv­ because a bad decision on their part poration listed by Fortune magazine the 1950s has attempted to break a en to a criminal abortionist because will mean a return to the Dark Ages. as one of the hundred largest in the strike with the use of injunctions and doctors were afraid to help her. I saw Abortion is not a moral issue. It U. S. It owns 69 plants in 51 cities scabs. Pesco's efforts today to hire the bodies of battered children­ is not an ethical issue. And it's not and 77 plants in 22 foreign coun­ sh!Pent scabs have angered many burned and broken bodies-lying in a population issue. We must not let tries. Last year it made a profit of youths who read the ad or heard the morgues and hospital wards. ChildreQ those who favor abortion as a means 1-million. announcement over the radio. Offers who were never wanted, who llJ'!Ver of oppressing Third World women di­ " had a chance, who never should have vide us. Only by the repeal of all been born. And I saw women driven abortion laws, with no forced sterili­ to drink and drugs and suicide by a zation, will all women be free to church that told them birth control choose when or whether to bear chil­ was wrong, let alone abortion, and so dren. This is only a necessary first condemned them to a life of mindless step in our fight to liberate our bodies breeding. and our minds from a society which Abortion laws murder women! Their means to control both. If we divide murderers are not one man, or sev­ our energies among all the obstacles eral men, but a whole society which facing us, the Catholic hierarchy, has systematically denied us the one Richard Nixon and all the other sanc­ right about which there should be no timonious friends of the fetus will pre­ argument- the right to control our vail. But if all women- rich or poor, own bodi~s. gay or straight, Black, Red, Yellow, We are here today because in less white or Brown-unite to demand our than one year, the Supreme Court, a right to abortion, the first major bat­ group of nine men whose average age tle of our revolution will be won. Women workers in Detroit walk off job By HELEN SCHIFF college, turnover is slight, the majority Striking UAW members at General Motors' Southgate Photo by John Gray DETROIT- The female employees of of women have worked for the two­ plant in Los Angeles last fall. UAW members on strike the Foto Mat Corporation, members year-old corporation between six and in Cleveland are demanding settlement similar to the of the Retail Clerks International As­ 12 months, and many are not neces­ one won from GM. sociation Local 876, have been on sarily planning on getting married. strike since the last week in June. The Although paid holidays, sick days, 'Why do we always have to take to help the strike have come from "Fotomates," as they are called by and a 20-cent-an-hour across-the­ on Borg-Warner corporation in bad Cuyahoga Community College stu­ the corporation, put in a 30-hour, board raise are the major demands times?" Clare Phillips pleaded. "Air­ dents and other youths who have been six-day week, working in little huts of the strikers,· the women are also craft is laying off all over the coun­ stopping in at the union hall. where customers come to drop off film fed up with the company's blatant try. Your membership has been cut Duncan Williams, Cleveland coor­ to be developed. sexism. The women are hired on the over 50 percent in the last year. The dinator of the Student Mobilization The women must deposit their daily basis of· their looks, are instructed international union is now badly in Committee, upon hearing of Pesco's receipts at the bank on their own time in the use of make-up and sexist sales debt. Solidarity House and Black attempt to recruit college students to after work. They are often robbed techniques, and told that their ex­ Lake Camp are in hock to the Team­ scab, issued the following statement: at their huts or on route to the bank, perience in grooming and efficiency sters union." "It's my opinion that college students but the company refuses to give them will make them attractive items on It was apparent that a section of have a very clear interest in not scab­ protection and insurance in case of the marriage market and good house­ the opposition to the contract had pre­ bing in this strike. By scabbing they injury. Foto Mat does not allow a wives. pared for these defeatist arguments may gain a temporary income for "girl" to leave her booth if she is sick The striking women have appealed because one member immediately an­ the summer, but- by weakening the until she has found a substitute to for support from Wayne State Univer­ swered the staff representative, who, organized labor movement-they will replace her. sity Women's Liberation, well known in a weak moment, had admitted that definit~ly dam age their ability to make as leaders of last March's mass abor­ his salary of $15,000 a year would a decent living once they too are look­ The strike was precipitated by a tion demonstration. A picket line continue no matter how the local ing for a steady job. I think Pesco cut in starting wages from $1.90 an around the Foto Mat area office in voted: "Borg-Warner is a billion-dollar will meet with extremely limited suc­ hour to $1.65. The rationalization for Detroit has been called by the Wayne corporation and not. too long ago cess in their project because students this wage cut by the company was women for July 9 from 12 to 2 p.m. increased its assets by 25 percent, so in the current radicalization have that the women were only temporary Publicity in the campus, underground ·these are not bad times for the owners. come to understand the importance workers who would soon be getting and regular press, and radio is being All of us are highly skilled, and yet of labor struggles, particularly m a11ried, having families, and there­ arranged to publicize the strike and we did not make $8,000 last year. against war profiteers, and Pesco is fore did not need the money. However, put pressure on the corporation for This is a shameful wage. Even rub­ in that category." 80 percent of the women are attending a decent settlement. bish collectors, cops and firemen make Williams added that the SMC would more. The inflation has hurt us in "welcome a request for help" from the the past three years because we didn't striking union.

8 does not at all mean giving up the fight on other argued that adding only the demand for freedom issues. These struggles will in fact be strengthened of sexual expression was not adding a separate and advanced by a successful abortion campaign issue. They contended that the demand for freedom By CAROLINE LUND which would demonstrate the power of women of sexual expression "relates to a woman's right to On July 16-18, women from across the country to fight resolutely and to win victories. the privacy and control of her body as do the will meet in New York to map out plans for a Women have begun fighting against their oppres­ other three issues of abortion, contraception and national campaign for repeal of abortion laws. sion on many levels, demanding abortion, equal sterilization." The conference, called by the Women's National pay, equal job opportunities, equal education, child First of all, abortion on demand, no forced Abortion Coalition, has already gained broad sup­ care, women's studies and justice in many other sterilization, and the right to contraception are not port from hundreds of organizations from one fields. Each of these struggles will have its own three distinct issues, but are totally interrelated. end of the country to the other. Endorsers include momentum, and in the future, mass struggles will The basic issue underlying all of them is the right women's liberation groups on campuses, high be organized around virtually all of these concrete of a woman to decide whether or ~ot she wants schools and in the community, consciousness-rais­ issues. On Aug. 26 of last year, these basic ideas to have a child. ing groups, chapters of the National Organization of women's liberation were brought before the The main reason women need abortions is be­ for Women, Black feminist groups, chapters of eyes of masses of women for the first time. cause of the failure of contraceptives or their un­ the National Welfare Rights Organization, trade­ But over the past few years, and especially since availability. The reason why it is necessary to union women, and many others. Aug. 26, we have seen that the struggle for the link our demand for the right to abortion with This national conference, which is open to all right to abortion is the issue where the broadest no forced sterilization is to make completely clear women, will try to map out a united program of layers of women are being mobilized into action. that it must be the woman's decision. We must action concerning one of the basic questions raised One reason for this is that women realize our rights make it clear- especially to Black, Chicano •and by the women's movement: the right to control our are under sharp attack on this question. We must Puerto Rican women- that this campaign has noth­ own bodies and lives- the right to legal abortion. answer and defeat all the antiabortion forces, which ing to do with "population control" measures that Women will come to this first national conference range from President Nixon to the Catholic Church deny the right of the woman to decide, such as forc­ from many different backgrounds and with many hierarchy and all the "right to life" and ultra-right ing a woman to be sterilized as a condition for different ideas. It will be an open and democratic groupings that are springing up. obtaining an abortion. conference where many important issues will be It is precisely by focusing on the abortion issue In a united action campaign, it is sometimes debated and discussed. This sort of collective think­ at this time that we can achieve the most significant correct to add demands that qualify or clarify ing and counterposing of ideas helps the develop­ gains and victories for women and give the great- · or extend the principal demand. The demand for ment of a perspective on how to win liberation. est impetus to the developing women's liberation "no forced sterilization" is a good example. By Much of the discussion will probably revolve movement. adding -this demand, we may exclude some women around how best to build a mass movement that The problem with adding other issues to the na­ who support "population control" measures even can reach out to the thousands of women who are tional abortion campaign is that we would no though they may also support repeal of abortion just beginning to question the traditional role foist­ longer have an ~bortion campaign! Each addition­ laws. But we must make it explicit to the vast ma­ ed upon them in this society. al issue added would have the effect of excluding jority of women in this country whom we hope to

Bow ··r( I ( • ' unite

At a meeting of 225 women held June 12 to more and more women-who may agree on the mobilize in support of abortion repeal that our b_egin planning for the abortion conference, a num­ need for abortion law repeal, but not on the other action campaign is based on a principled demand ber of important questions were raised and dis­ demands. Thus, each additional demand will cut in the interests of women- not on any attempt to cussed. One of the key questions was whether the across the campaign we can organize for abortion take away the right of the woman to decide for national action campaign should be around the law repeal. herself. It has nothing in common with various abortion issue only, or around several different racist campaigns to reduce the number of Black, issues. The decision of the June 12 meeting was to Women's suHrage movement Puerto Rican and Chicano babies. focus the campaign around the two interrelated The women's suffrage movement, which culmi­ But the demand for freedom of sexual expres-­ demands for repeal of all antiabortion laws and nated in victory in 1920, is a perfect example of sion is not a demand of this character. It is an no forced sterilization, while also raising the de­ the potential power of mobilizing for mass action issue separate from the question of the right to mand for repeal of all laws against contraception. around a single but fundamental demand. The rea~ decide whether to have a child. The main thrust of the campaign of action was son for the decline of the women's movement after First of all, the demand for "freedom of sexual seen as the demand for repeal of abortion la\\is. the suffrage victory lies in the limitations imposed expression" is extremely vague. It is open to sev­ Some women proposed that another demand by the objective political conditions at that time­ eral interpretations, and does not make clear to be added- that of "freedom of sexual expression." not in the fact that the movement focused on the people what is being protested; Does it mean any Women who support the· addition of this demand suffrage issue. The struggle for the right to vote form of "sexual" activity should be allowed? What to the national abortion campaign have fomied is precisely what kept the movement alive and dy­ about forced sexual relations, such as rape? Ce~ a caucus called Women for the Inclusion of Sexual namic. tainly WISE did not mean this, but the point is Expression (WISE), which plans to present its It was completely correct for the women's move­ that the demand is not clear. Does it mean freedom viewpoint to the national conference. ment to concentrate its efforts on winning this of sexual expression for women but not-for men? Other women, from the group International So­ basic right. If women still did not have the right Does it mean eliminating the laws against forni­ ~ialists, expressed the view in a leaflet passed out to vote, that would be the obvious focus for our cation, adultery, "sodomy," and homosexual acts? at the June 12 meeting that, although they "had struggle today. For most women, the laws against fornication no objection" to a campaign which focuses on In belittling the campaign for the single issue of and adultery are not very pressing issues because abortion, other issues, such as child care, equal women's suffrage, International Socialists belittle they are seldom enforced. If we wanted to add access to jobs and education and support for rights the burning desire of women at that time to assert additional demands to the campaign, there are of gay women, should be rais-ed as well. They their rights as equal citizens and as human beings many other issues that are more oppressive to warned that "a single-issue focus can be the death capable of thinking and deciding on political ques­ women than these laws. of a movement," and pointed to the decline of the tions, not only on questions of cooking, cleaning The laws against homosexuals, on the other women's movement after winning women's suffrage and child care. hand, are- a very pressing issue for gay people, as supposed proof of the bankruptcy of the "single In a similar sense, the abortion issue i~ extreme­ because they are a basis for the pervasive and issue" approach. ly fundamental and an abortion campaign will brutal oppression of homosexuals. The demand have the effect of changing women's image of them­ for an end to the laws directed against gay people Why abortion? selves, of freeing them from the burden of- fear is a correct demand- a demand that makes clear Women from both IS and WISE said they thought and shame about their own sexual functions, and what is being protested and who is the victim of building a united action campaign around abor­ of demonstrating the power of mass action in injustice. But the demand for "freedom of sexual tion meant "axing off" the other important issues defense of our rights. expression" is not clear. of women's l~beration. But aside from the question of how the demand But intensifying the struggle for the right to "Sexual expression" is formulated, the addition of such a demand to abortion through uniting in action on this issue Women for the Inclusion of Sexual Expression Continued on page 2 J

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 9 By LEE SMITH the rat race, and Indian values and of his experience in Vietnam. "Before like my people. Then I started realiz­ Gus Grey Mountain is one of six In­ traditions get lost. We say people be­ I went into the Army, I was really ing that they were natives of that coun­ dian defendants facing felony charges come 'apples' because they are red on brainwashed," said Grey Mountain, try. We didn't belong there!" for painting slogans on the American the outside but white on the inside," who is part Navajo and part Arapaho Grey Mountain recalled an incident Museum of Natural History and pour­ he added. and comes from New Mexico. "They when his unit "interrogated" a prison­ ing red paint over the head of a statue But the defense has now had the laid it on thick and I ate it up, about er. 'What that means is beating the of Theodore Roosevelt. effect of rallying Indians behind the American Indians being born war­ shit out of him," he said. "I couldn't Grey Mountain and the other five DRUM and promoting cooperation riors and how we fight for this coun­ see how anybody could take that members of Determined Redmen Unity from other groups. "Not just Indian try because it's ours and how Indians much pain and still stand up under it, Movement (DRUM) were originally groups either," Grey Mountain said, distinguished themselves in World but this Vietnamese was," Grey Moun­ charged with a misdemeanor when "but Asian groups and Black groups War II." tain said. The G Is asked the prisoner they were arrested June 14, but in the about Russian and Chinese advisers, course of their arraignment the charg­ Grey Mountain continued, "and he es were changed to "criminal mischief," said 'I haven't seen any Russians and carrying a possible sentence of up to I haven't seen any Chinese; all I see four years in jail and $5,000 fine Interview with a are G Is everywhere."' for each defendant. Later on in the hospital, Grey Moun­ On July 1, Grey Mountain talked tain said, he remembered the prison­ to The Militant about the defense cam­ er's courage, "but the full impact didn't paign being waged in behalf of the six Native-American hit me until I got out of the hospital, Indian activists. took my uniform off and went home. The whole thing began, Grey Moun­ "I walked down the street in my tain said, when DRUM members homeJown," Grey Mountain said, "and heard that the Indians occupying Al­ activist I looked at the way my people were catraz Island had been moved off being treated. White people were tak­ by federal officers. On June 13, he ing their money; selling them wine, said, "we were sitting around looking throwing them in jail and spiUing on through the New York Times for some them." He said, "I almost got arrested news on Alcatraz, and all we could then. I went into a store and this fmd was a lot of garbage about a woman waited on these white people wedding in Washington." Feeling an­ ahead of me even though I was there ger and frustration, Grey Mountain first. I got angry and I put my boot said, the group got some red paint through a display case there by the and headed for the Roosevelt statue cash register that was ful·l of cigars. the next day. "That's when I realized completely," The statue portrays Roosevelt Grey Mountain continued, "that it's all astride a horse flanked by two men a big lie. There isn't any freedom, on foot- an Indian and an African­ any democracy -for some people, American. "I knew a little bit about maybe, if they have money- but if Teddy Roosevelt," Grey Mountain you're an Indian or a Black or a said, "and I knew he was a real racist, Mexican or an Asian or a Puerto and we didn't like the idea of the Rican, then democracy is just a word, Indian and the Black man walking that's all." beside him." After that Grey Mountain came to Grey Mountain and the other mem­ New York. "For the first time- I was bers of DRUM maintain that tlae racist 24 years old- and for the first time statue should be removed, and that the I started reading about what had hap­ painting was a justified protest against pened to my people. I guess I had what has happened to American In­ known all along deep down, but I dians for more than 300 years at the had refused to face it, and now I hands of white people. wanted to get something organized to "When we were arrested," Grey fight for the rights of my people, to Mountain said, "the cops made a big help them find the pride I was finding, deal of it. It caused all kinds of ex­ to make the goverment live up to citement at the station house that they all the treaties it has broken." had arrested these Indians, and every­ one crowded around and wanted to Grey Mountain sees the defense of see the 'chiefs' and the 'squaws,' and the six Indians who decorated the this is the kind of racist language Roosevelt statue as an important we were subjected to." chance to reach more Indians in the Grey Mountain said the charges city and get them involved in a move­ were escalated to felony charges after ment. the Indians refused an offer from the An Indian dance sponsored by museum to pay $1,000 restitution in DRUM will be held at the Ethical return for dropping the charges. 'What Culture Society, 2 West 64th St. Uust _we did was justified," Grey Mountain off Central Park West) on July 17 said. "They should get rid of that to help publicize and raise funds for statue, not clean it up." Photo by Jon B riHon the defense. A $3 donation is being Grey Mountain, who was a founder asked. For more information on the of DRUM, said. his defense and the Racist statue honoring Teddy Roosevelt in front of American Museum case, or to send contributions, write defense of the other five members was of Natural History daubed with paint by Indian militants June 14. K. Miller, 945 Teller Ave., Bronx, the first real breakthrough in the N.Y. 10451. (Make checks or money group's year of existence. "Before we too. We want to call attention to the "All the time I was over there," Grey orders payable to Determined Redmen were arrested, we had trouble getting problems of Indians," he explained, Mountain said of the 14 months he Unity Movement.) Messages asking our people together. Living in this but he said they also feel that the spent in Vietnam until he was wound­ the museum to drop its complaint and city gives Indians 'subway vision' and other oppressed national minorities ed, "it didn't sit right with me." During get rid of the statue should be sent they start to become apples," he said. "have a stake in our struggle and the three months he spent in a hospital to the museum board president, Gard­ He explained that "subway vision" we have one in theirs." after that, he said, "I realized what it ner D. Stout, 150 E. 73rd St., New means "not seeing anything you don't Grey Mountain said he has only was- those people I saw pushed York, N.Y. 10021, with copies to want to see. In order to survive in become active in the Indian movement around, moved out of their homes and R. Williams 113 Sullivan St. (1-A), this city, the Indian has to adapt to in the last year or so, as a result spit on by us, they looked very much New York, N.Y. 10012. Chicago cops evict Indians from base CHICAGO (LNS)-More than 100 Initially there were 20, but the number Later that same day, a man on the she was joined by other Indians and Chicago cops wielding shotguns, clubs grew and the base took on a new face. base broke his leg and had to be the Chicago Indian Village was and rifles and driving heavy trucks The 18-year-old peeling, neglected taken to the hospital. Cops tried to formed. After that action, the head forcibly evicted about 100 Indians barracks were painted, tents were stop the Indians from passing the of the Department of Human Resourc­ living on an abandoned Nike missile erected, and a telephone was installed. barricades, but other Indians threw es promised the Indians decent hous­ base early Wednesday morning, July All community responsibilities like the barricades aside to let the car ing; nothing has happened yet. 1. cooking, security, garbage, running through. Later that evening, an In­ The Indians were awakened by the errands for supplies, child care, and dian woman was beaten while walking tank-like trucks ramming through the entertainment were shared equally. her dog. Recently, a number of Indian fam­ heavy cyclone fence surrounding the Chicago cops hassled the Indians ilies took over an old tenement in base. They hurled rocks and bottles all during their stay on the base. The Chicago Indians have been involved the uptown ghetto area in Chicago at the cops, and a boat trailer was second day they were there, cops threw in two other actions in the past year, where there is a large Indian popula­ ·pulled across the torn main gate and up road blocks on the two roads both dramatizing Indian demands for tion. On June 13, the tenement was set ablaze as a barrier. But the brief leading in and out of the base, pro­ bette'r housing. In May 1970, an In­ wiped out by fire. The Indians suspect resistance ended when a cop fired a hibiting people from coming or going. dian mother, Carole Warrington, and it was set by the police. shotgun. Twelve Indians were arrested The official excuse was that people her six children were forcibly evicted After the Nike base bust, about 100 and there were several beatings. were bringing liquor onto the site and from their home by a Chicago slum­ Indians marched into the Loop to The Indians had been living on the it is "illegal to bring liquor on Park lord. Carole then pitched a tent in a demand a meeting with Mayor Daley abandoned missile base since June 14. District property." vacant lot near Wrigley Field. Soon to-protest their eviction.

10 her of "doves" had endorsed April 24, and he commented, "Before we in­ volved them our demand was ·Out Now!' and after we involved them our demand was 'Out Now!' That doesn't sound like a sell-out tome." He asked if those who say the anti­ war movement should call for setting a date because the Vietnamese have called for it believed that the Vietnam­ ese would hesitate to demand imme­ diate withdrawal if given a choice. He said that NPAC favors job ac­ tions against the war but believes anti­ When the group continued and inten­ war strikes will be decided by workers sified its chanting in disregard of re­ through their organizations, not by peated attempts to quiet them, the con­ NPAC. vention organizers directed the mar­ The coordinators' and Chicago vet­ shals to remove them. On July 3, the erans' proposals received 10 times the conference voted to bar those who had vote of the other proposals. created the disturbance the night be­ Before the discussion of the major fore from returning to the convention. proposals, there was a long debate Several sporadic subsequent disrup­ over a presiding committee motion to tions were effectively handled by the commend the marshals, a workshop marshals. · committee motion condemning the During the workshops in the after­ marshals' behavior and censuring noon of July 3, members of SDS and Fred Halstead, and a motion to re­ PLP attempted to force their way back pudiate a statement allegedly made into the hall as a group, armed with by Senator Hartke placing equal re­ sponsibility on PLP and SDS and Nix­ in 42 states, representing 385 orga­ bottles, bricks and clubs. After this attempt failed, no more major disrup­ on for the war. nizations in addition to 61 local Peace The overwhelming majority of dele­ Action Coalitions. Thirty-five of the tions occurred. Speakers at the Friday preconven­ gates voted to commend the marshals, groups represented were trade unions; and a substitute motion was passed there was more pa,.rticipation by trade tion rally included Bob Mueller, a Viet­ in place of the one repudiating the unionists than at any previous con­ nam veteran; James Lafferty, one of alleged statement by Hartke. The sub­ ference. More than a thousand of those the NPAC coordinators; Marsha Cole­ stitute motion stated that NPAC re­ attending were college students and man of the Committee for a Women's pudiates any statement placing respon­ nearly 200 were high school students. National Abortion Coalition and De­ sibility for the war on anyone except Eighty-five percent of the delegates troit Black Women's Liberation~ Deb­ by Bujtin, national coordinator of the Nixon and the class he represents. were 29 or ypunger, and 24 _percent After the mass action campaign was were under 20. · Studeilt Mobilization Committee; anti­ adopted, the convention heard reports . The proposal adopted was present­ war GI Pvt. Ed Jurenas of Ft. Greely, from the workshops representing the ed by the coordinators of NP AC, and Alaska; Senator Vance Hartke; Victor different antiwar constituencies - it represented a program of mass ac­ Reuther from the United Auto Work­ ers; David Livingston, District 65; Blacks, Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Gls, By LEE SMITH tion on which there is significant agree­ Ruth Gage-Colby, an NPAC coordina­ labor, students, women and gays. NEW YORK CITY - Plans for an ment between NPAC and the People's tor; Arturo Rodriguez of Colorado Because of the press of time, reports antiwar campaign culminating in re­ Coalition for Peace and Justice. The Raza Unida Party; and Charles Steph­ from other wurkshops were referred gional antiwar actions on Nov. 6 that two coalitions agree to jointly build enson of the NPAC Third World Task to the coordinators and Steering Com­ have the potential to be the most mas­ Hiroshima-Nagasaki memorial ac­ Force. mittee for action. sive in this country's history were ap­ tions Aug. 6-9 in cities around the Rally speakers stressed the spectac­ proved here July 2-4 at the largest country; October 13 moratoriums in ular rise in antiwar sentiment since and most broadly representative con­ as many cities as possible as a build­ April 24 and the prospects for united ference yet organized by any national ing step toward Nov. 6; and massive antiwar action in the fall involving lit­ antiwar coalition. regional street marches and rallies in approximately a dozen cities around erally millions of Americans in demon­ The overwhelming majo'rity of the strations of deep impact. 2,300 delegates who registered for the the country on Nov. 6. The coordi­ nators' proposal also calls for Vet­ Brad Lyttle, who brought greetings National Antiwar Convention spon­ from the People's Coalition for Peace sored by the National Peace Action erans Day actions on Oct. 25, kicking off National Peace Action Week. and Justice, declared that the PCPJ Coalition at Hunter College demon­ recognized the need for massive, peace­ strated their seriousness by refusing Initial agreement on the common ful, legal,demonstrations. to permit disruption of the democratic dates, subsequently endorsed by the proceedings by a small, hooligan-like PCPJ conference in Milwaukee and ap­ After an initial round of debate on minority from Progressive Labor Par­ proved by the overwhelming majority the 20 major proposals introduced, ty and Students for a Democratic So­ at the July 2-4 convention, was reached a straw poll indicated what had al­ ciety. in a series of meetings between repre­ ready become clear in the workshops The delegates clearly recognized the sentatives of the two coalitions initiated and discussion: few proposals besides tremendous potential of the strategy by Abe Feinglass of the Meat Cutters ·the NPAC coordinators' proposal had of mass action for immediate with­ Union; Moe Foner of Local 1199, meaningful support from the delegates. drawill. The success of April 24, the Drug and Hospital Union; and David The list of 20 was pared down to four sharpening divisions among the war­ Livingston, District 65, National after the straw poll. makers expressed by the New York Council of Distributive Workers. One of the four was a proposal Times' publication of the Pentagon The agreement of the two coalitions by· the Chicago Veterans for Peace, ;,.,.dy and Nixon's attempt to sup­ on a common calendar of actions is which was in accord with the coor­ press its publication, and the mount­ another factor of major significance dinators' proposal but amplified pro­ ing anger against the war and the contributing to the potential of this jections for Oct 25. The other two, government among G Is and working fall's demonstrations to be the most each of which received in the neighbor­ people have added important new massive the country has ever seen. hood of 100 votes, were proposals forces to the antiwar movement. The vote on the proposal came late calling for strike support activity, job The role of workshops designed to in the afternoon of July 4 after two actions against the war, and efforts to promote the organizing of participa­ days of intensive discussion in work­ organize independent labor political tion in the fall actions by labor, Gls, shops and in the plenary. action. veterans, women, Blacks, Chicanos, Friday evening, July 2, before the In motivating the coordinators' pro­ Puerto Ricans, students, and gays convention opened, a preconvention posal before the final vote, Jerry Gor­ showed that convention participants rally was interrupted briefly when ap­ don responded to the arguments of took seriously the opportunity to reach proximately 100 members of the Pro­ those who opposed the endorsement and involve qualitatively larger num­ gressive Labor Party and Students of NP AC actions by liberal politicians, bers in the antiwar movement than for a Democratic Society congregated the objections of those who advocate ever before. in the aisles of the auditorium and at­ "set the date" instead of immediatewith­ The composition of the convention tempted to shout down the scheduled drawal, and the perspective of those was itself a. sign of the new breadth speakers. In an attempt to quiet the who want the antiwar movement to of the antiwar movement since April disrupters, an SDS speaker was per­ politically organize the working class. SMC National Coordinator Debby 24. Delegates came from 197 cities mitted to address the rally. Gordon said it was true that anum- Bustin.

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 11 gela :Pavis be given immediate bail Labor was passed unanimously by the work­ After the initial labor workshop was shop and the conference. taken over by Labor Committee, a The proposal adopted by the work­ sectarian grouplet, most unionists and shop called for relating the war in antiwar activists working with trade Vietnam to the problems faced by unions moved to another room. Most Blacks, particularly the welfare, edu­ were union members, with 30 unions cation, and medical cutbacks. It called represented in all. Over 200 unionists on African-American antiwar activists attended the conference as a whole. to build participation from the Black Among the unions represented were community in the fall offensive. the United Auto Workers, AFSCME, Meat Cutters, American Federation of Gays Teachers, Teamsters, Steelworkers, A gay workshop of over l;iO people Communication Workers of America, had representatives from gay libera­ Iron Workers, Drug and Hospital tion groups from all over the country. Local 1199, and the National Asso­ The main discussion centered around ciation of Letter Carriers. liberation groups as the New York a proposal put forward by the New Women's Strike Coalition, Female The unionists present, both secon­ York SMC Gay Task Force that gay Liberation in Boston, the Committee dary officials imd rank-and-rue mem­ contingents be organized as a key for a Women's National Abortion bers, looked to NPAC and the antiwar Coalition, and campus and gay wom­ way of building the antiwar offensive. movement for direction in their anti­ It was urged that gay speakers and en's groups; women from antiwar or­ war activities. Many expressed frus­ literature be included in all efforts at tration at the lack of action on the ganizations such as NPAC, the Stu­ building the antiwar movement By TONY THOMAS dent Mobilization Committee, and the part of .top union leaders and saw The spring antiwar offensive that cul­ The proposal outlined the intercon­ mass demonstrations, labor ads, and People's Coalition for Peace and Jus­ nection between gay oppression and minated in the April 24 mass marches tice; and women from political groups leafletting of workers by the antiwar was built, in part, by large contin­ the war: movement as an important way of such as the Young Socialist Alliance, "Gay liberation aims at destroying gents from different social groups: Young Workers Liberation League, putting pressure on union officials. women, Chicanos, Blacks, labor, stu­ the sex-role typing which channels Many stated that the antiwar senti­ International Socialists, and the So­ people into a militaristic society. In dents, veterans, gays and others. One cialist Workers Party attended the ment within their unions was high this society, a 'real man' is one who of the most important aspects of the workshop. even among older white workers and is the best killer and rapist in Indo­ July 2-4 NPAC conference was the Women from IS and the New in areas that could be expected to be china. A 'real woman' is one who series of workshops these groups held York Women's Strike Coalition pro­ conserv alive. stays in her place, in the kitchen, on July 3. The discussion in each posed that NPAC support. the four Among the proposals passed by the workshop centered on how to build taking care of children while the man workshop was one urging that trade­ demands of the Women's Strike Coali­ does the killing.... independent contingents marching tion: free abortion on demand, equal union task forces be set up by NPAC under their own banners and slogans pay for equal work, 24-hour commu­ "In this country, which trains us to and its afflliates, that antiwar referen­ in the fall actions. nity-controlled child care for all wom­ hate ourselves and be proud of geno­ dums be organized in unions, and en, and freedom of sexual expression. cide and aggression in Indochina, we that antiwar resolutions be submitted La Raza They also felt that the women's anti­ say that we are gay and proud and to central labor councils in local areas. The Raza workshop, concerned with war contingents should have a broad mobilizing Chicanos, Puerto Ricans women's liberation program rather and other Latinos against the war, than uniting women around opposi­ was attended by Raza activists from tion to the war. Colorado, Texas, New York, Califor­ Most women at the workshop reject­ nia, and Florida. It was convened by ed this, arguing that the independent Arturo Rodriguez of the Colorado women's liberation movement rather Raza Unida Party, Arturo Montoya than NPAC is the vehicle to win wom­ ,of the Crystal City, Texas, Raza en's demands. Unida Party, and Juan Melendez of MPI (Movement for Puerto Rican In­ dependence) in New York. Many women felt that restricting the Among the resolutions passed by United Women's Contingents to wom­ the workshop, after a discussion of en who are conscious feminists would La Raza and the war, was one giving discourage the masses of women who full support and endorsement to are against the war from joining and NPAC's projected fall actions. The developing a feminist conscidusness workshop also called for setting up through united action with their an independent Raza Task Force to sisters. coordinate the work of mobilizing La A proposal by Kathy Keenan of Raza around the fall offensive. Columbia U Women's Liberation; A resolution called upon NPAC to Cecily Ashton of Berkeley Female endorse the defense of C~rlos Felici­ Liberation; Hannah Takeshigi, Third ano, a Puerto Rican political prisoner World Women United for Legal Abor­ in New York, and also the defense tion; Carole Seidman of San Fran­ of Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales of the cisco Women's Ad Hoc Abortion Co­ Crusade for Justice. Gonzales was ar­ alition; and Sarah Johnston of the rested following the August 1970 Chi­ YSA was passed. It called for orga­ cano Moratorium antiwar action in nizing United Women's Contingents Los Angeles. to build the fall offensive, and stressed Carole Seidman reporting to convention on women's The workshop called on NPAC to the need for special women's teach-ins, workshop. give its solidarity and support to the speak-outs, and rallies, women speak­ Sept. 16 actions called by Raza activ­ ers, and the organization of special ists. As projected at the recent Chicano women's contingents and buses during that we reject the sexist, racist war. The workshop discussed the NPAC Youth conference in Denver, the tra­ National Peace Action Week and the We demand, with the majority of proposal for mass actions on Nov. 6 ditional Sept 16 Mexican Indepen­ Nov. 6 rallies. Americans: Out Now!" and felt this was the way thousands dence celebrations will center on mo­ of workers could be organized and bilizing La Raza against the Vietnam Blacks that this was the way more trade­ war. The Black workshop endorsed the Students union officials could be pressured to perspective of building Black partici­ Several student workshops were help mobilize the ranks against the Women pation in the fall offensive. Over 60 held, totaling over 250 participants. war. Over 200 women attended the work­ African-Americans from Black Mora­ Students came from SMC chapters all shop on building a women's contin­ torium Committees, Black or Third over the country, as well as from Gls and veterans gent Activists from such women's World Task Forces of the SMC and YWLL, International Socialists, SDS, The G I and veterans workshop NPAC, Black Student Unions, the Na­ and YSA mapped out a series of proposals to tional Welfare Rights Organization, The workshop passed a proposal follow up on the dramatic work done the Socialist Workers Party, the Young submitted by Duane Draper, president by Vietnam Veterans Against the War Workers Liberation League, and the of the Associated Student Govern­ in building April 24. Representatives Young Socialist Alliance attended. ments; Debby Bustin, national coordi­ from local G I and veterans' peace Discussion in the workshop centered nator of SMC; and Geoff Morelowitz groups from all over the country at­ on a proposal by Tony Monteiro of of Chicago High School SM C for tended. the YWLL -that "set the date" replace strikes and walkouts on Wednesday, The workshop adopted the NPAC immediate withdrawal as the demand Nov. 3, on the nation's campuses and coordinators' proposal, with the ad­ of the antiwar movement This was for support to the fall offensive. dition that Veterans Day, Oct 25, be rejected by most of the workshop. The high school workshop outlined taken over by the antiwar movement One sister from the Committee for a a proposal linking the struggle for by building "peace contingents" in lo­ Unified Newark likened acceptance of high school, junior high school and cal Veterans Day parades. Nixon's setting a date to white prom­ elementary school political organizing Taken together, the strength of the ises to Blacks of 40 acres and a mule. rights with the struggle for immediate different workshops demonstrated that The workshop also rejected a pro­ and unconditional withdrawal from the overwhelming majority of Ameri­ posal by YWLL that NPAC be con­ Southeast Asia. The workshop called can people can be united around the demned as racist and that the antiwar for referendums in schools across the demand "Out Now!" The workshop movement support the program country on "1) the right of students reports, aU of which were adopted by passed by PCPJ's conference. to organize politically, to form groups, the convention, provided a sure guar­ Photo by Ed Weaver A proposal by Jarvis· Tyner, na­ to leaflet, etc., and 2) the question of antee that masses of Americans will B. R. Washington reporting on Black tional chairman of YWLL, that NPAC immediate withdrawal from Southeast be involved in building the fall anti­ workshop. circulate petitions demanding that An- Asia." war offensive.

12 and to condemn the marshals for use of alleged undue force in removing the disrupters. The effect of the reso­ lution would have been to deny NPAC the right to hold its convention. The resolution singled out Fred Halstead, who had participated active­ ly in the marshaling for special cen­ sure. Halstead, the 1968 presidential candidate of the Socialist Workers Par­ ty, has served as chief marshal at them with cans of mace. several major New York and national The eviction of the disrupters with­ antiwar demonstrations. out bringing the meeting to an end This motion was introduced by a was also possible because by the time member of the Quaker Action Project marshals did act, it was entirely plain on behalf of a workshop held the to the audience where the responsi­ previous evening by members of the his home by PL goons. The PL paper bility lay and why the action was People's Coalition for Peace and Jus­ Challenge carried a sardonic semiac­ necessary. tice. knowledgement. After the rally, a meeting of the Responding to this motion, the con­ In 1967 in San Francisco, Militant NPAC Steering Committee voted vention presiding committee offered a salespeople were attacked by goons unanimously that those who had dis­ motion commending the marshals for at a PL-run open-air rally. rupted the meeting not be permitted an extremely difficult job well done. In New York in 1967, when PL ini­ to return for the next day's session. The only open backers of the PCPJ By HARRY RING tiated a factionally competitive petition workshop motion were some support­ NEW YORK- A significant feature of to a Peace Parade Committee antiwar ers of that group. the recently concluded NPAC conven­ referendum petition, PLers set upon a In adopting the motion, the com­ Since members of the Yo~ng So­ tion was the decisive way it repulsed group of Parade Committee petitioners mittee emphasized that the issue of cialist Alliance and Socialist Workers the efforts of the Progressive Labor and threatened others. political exclusion was in no way in­ Party were among those who partici­ Party to physically disrupt the gather­ Last spring, in Boston, they attempt­ volved and that people were to be pated actively in the marshaling, sev­ ing and prevent it from carrying ed to disrupt an SMC steering com­ kept out only on the basis of their eral of the various political sects at­ through its business. mittee meeting, were ejected from the disruptive activity and no one was to tending the conference permitted blind NPAC was able to prepare for the hall and returned in force for a two­ be excluded on the basis of their polit­ factional animosity to influence their attack that occurred because PLP and hour pitched battle, which resulted in ical views and association. In fact, judgment in the matter, and they re­ its "SDS" brazenly made public in ad­ one antiwar activist partially losing a number of PL-SDSers were permit­ frained from supporting the clearly vance their intention to carry through sight in one eye. ted in the next day and freely distrib­ justified presiding committee motion an organized hooligan effort to dis­ When the auditorium doors were uted their literature. They participated commending the marshals. The only rupt the convention. opened for the NPAC rally, about in the convention discussion, where one of these groups that supported the Several public meetings were held a hundred PL partisans were among they sought to defend PL's conduct motion and offered to help with de­ by PLP-SDS in Boston, where the the fll'st to march in. They immediate­ and persuade the convention to re­ fense of the meeting was the Workers group has its main base. There, efforts ly attempted to seize the stage but were verse the decision to keep the disrupt­ League. were made to recruit a contingent to moved off it by a contingent of mar­ ers Out However, a motion to endorse Members of the Sparticist League come to New York for the express shals. The marshals included mem­ the Steering Committee decision was actually joined with the PLers in the purpose of preventing certain invited bers of District 65, other unionists, approved by the overwhelming major­ disruption and were evicted with them. speakers at the slated NP AC confer­ and volunteers from the NPAC con­ ity. The National Caucus of Labor Com­ ence from being heard. ference. That afternoon, the PLers massed mittees and International Socialists Initially, the two speakers selected Despite continuous unruliness and outside the convention door and took evasive positions.. as P L targets were Senator Vance disruption, the PLers were permitted Hartke (D-Ind.), a leading senatorial to remain in the hall as the rally critic of the war, and Victor Reuther, progressed. At one point in the pro­ international affairs director of the ceedings, in an extreme effort to pla­ United Auto Workers. Then, David cate the group, they were given a Livingston, president of District 65 speaker on the platform. of the United Distributive Workers, When it came Hartke's turn to ad­ was added to PL's "verboten" list. dress the rally, the PLers seemed near Leaflets were distributed by PL-SDS berserk in their efforts to prevent him in New York urging people to attend from being heard. Led by two people the convention to prevent these people with electronically amplified bull­ from speaking. horns, they chanted, screamed and One leaflet, asserting that Hartke did cursed. Despite the tumult, Hartke not have the right to speak because completed his address as the rest of he is a liberal capitalist politician, the audience sat quietly and tried to urged people to attend the convention and "SHOUT HIM DOWN!" hear him above the din. Then, later, when Victor Reuther Another leaflet declared in part: "Hartke and Reuther shouldn't be al­ was introduced, the PLers apparently lowed to speak at ali. These guys will decided to make a last-ditch effort to scream freedom of speech: but there prevent him from speaking and their should be no freedom to speak for frenzy reached a new pitch. people who ride the coattail of the antiwar movement for their own per­ Disrupters removed sonal gain." It was then that the NPAC coor­ A leaflet passed out at the conven­ dinators decided that it would be im­ possible to continue the rally if the dis­ Photo by Howard Petriclc tion the night of the opening rally PL-SDS hooligans attempting to disrupt convention on included a proposed list of chants to ruption was permitted to continue. The be used while the speakers deemed marshals were instructed to remove opening night. objectionable by PL were on the plat­ the offenders from the hall. form. The concluding suggested chant In a remarkable display of disci­ was: plined restraint, the marshals, several "OFF HARTKE, OFF REUTHER, hundred strong, proceeded to take the sought to storm their way in, hurling Some supporters of PCPJ sought to ETC." screaming, biting, kicking disrupters rocks and bottles at the marshals as­ indicate their disagreement with the This ominous rhetoric was escalated out. The remainder of the audience sembled at the entrance. Two mar­ workshop motion. One speaker, Julius in still another Progressive Labor Par­ displayed equally impressive disci­ shals were hit, requiring stitches for Margolin, a New York unionist, de­ ty leaflet, which declared: pline, mostly remaining. seated as the facial cuts, but none were seriously clared that while he disapproved of 'Working people in this country will hooligans were being removed. It is injured. The attack was successfully the way the conference was being run, fight until every creep that NPAC really quite unusual to see a hundred repulsed and the doors closed. Police he recognized the need for NP AC to builds, and the NPAC leaders them­ determined disrupters removed from then appeared and forcibly dispersed defend its right to hold a meeting selves, are either behind bars or a meeting without serious injury to the PLers from the street. and supported the motion to commend buried." anyone, and with the entire process On Sunday morning, the PLers re­ the marshals. carried through in such a way that portedly held a caucus meeting and Ed Block, a representative of the Long record the meeting is able to continue. The after a debate decided it was futile United Electrical Workers, declared Such rhetoric cannot be dismissed atmosphere of discipline was such that to again storm the meeting, and they that as a unionist, he recognized the as simply the mouthings of mindless the city police had no pretext to enter limited themselves to picketing in need for self-defense. "We should com­ fools. The Progressive Labor Party the building. front A few gained admission, but mend the marshals for what they did", has too long a record of hooligan This was possib!e for several rea­ there were only minor incidents during he declared. "I think they acted with violence against political opponents sons. The marshals had been care­ the final day's session. extreme restraint." within the movement. Those who were fully briefed in advance, with a strong NPAC coordinators Jerry Gordon in SDS during the faction struggle emphasis on the need to use only the Marshals commended and Ruth Gage-Colby spoke vigorous­ that saw the demise of that organi­ absolute minimal force necessary to Most of the convention participants ly in support of the motion to com­ zation know well PL's penchant for deal with disrupters. They largely suc­ were' elated that so difficult a provo­ mend the marshals, as did Dan Siegel, physical solutions to political prob­ ceeded in doing this despite the ex­ cation had been so well handled and a member of the presiding committee. lems. treme provocation of the PLers. The were somewhat astonished when a The PCPJ motion received only a There was the case in 1969 of Dave marshals even restrained themselves resolution was introduced at the scattering of votes, and the motion Kemnitzer, a San Francisco anti-PL when, as they reached the doors, a opening of the Sunday session pro­ to commend the marshals was adopt­ SDSer who charged he was beaten in number of the evicted PLers sprayed posing to criticize PL for its behavior ed by an overwhelming majority.

THE Ml.rfANr/ JULY 16, 1971 13 out of here and that was exactly what tion, which is of course to make plans major antiwar conference. Were we we did. That was the only thing we for the most massive fall action going to let it be impossible for that could have done to keep this conven­ against the war that this country has to take place? We decided no~ Siegela tion moving, to plan fall actions, to ever seen. Yes, I led the move to begin the have any kind of an antiwar move­ But this is not exactly a nonpolitical removal of the disrupters from the ment point There's a history to marshalling hall. And I did it for a reason. I And when we did decide to move in ·the peace movement, and it's a wanted to do it in a certain way. IICDSI them out, what did they do? history in which I have been intimate­ I know a lot about this. I know a lot When we took them by the arm ly involved from the very beginning. about other things too. There were a and attempted to move them out of At fll'st, when we started massive lot of trade unionists in the meeting this room, they kicked, they punched, marches back in 1965, we were at­ that night. for PL's they bit, they cursed. When they got tacked by right-wiDgets on the routes I've been in that game too. I'm to the door they took out mace and of those marches. And we had disputes still in it. . . . I've had to defend pick- . they started to mace us! The Progres­ within the movement about how we et lines and it's done in a certain way. conduct' sive Labor Party, those sanctimonious should handle that. One of the big And I know how to do that. I can The following remarks in support of people who now ask to be brought problems was that, often as not, the hit somebody if I have to. I don't the motion to commend the NPAC back into the convention, brought out police standing on the sidelines would like to; it makes my stomach turn. marshals were made by Dan Siegel, mace cans. side with the right-wingers and the But I can do it if I have to. I can who was a member of the conven­ Now anybody who can excuse that movement was completely defenseless. also remove somebody without hurt­ tion presiding committee. A long-time conduct and say let's bring them back We had to organize marshals, not ing them. And that's the way I wanted Berkeley student activist, Siegel is in, anybody who can condemn the to engage in a physical fight, but to it done, so I began to do it so I could former president of the University of people who have marshalled this con­ line up between the attackers and the make sure that insofar as it was pos­ California student government at vention, and can pick out Fred Hal­ marchers in order to keep the march sible, that would be the procedure that Berkeley. stead, is clearly not in accord with any going by so that it could proceed was used. And I am overwhelmed I want t

Arturo Rodriguez from Colorado Sales were brisk at YSA literature table. Salespersons at conference Raza Unida Party addressing open­ Gl Press Service literature table. sold 550 Militants and 110 ISRs in addition to other literature. ~ng rally.

14 ment in Ceylon could be attacked by The nine, sought since March by strikes and demonstrations, will inev­ counter revolutionaries. He had also the police, are charged with having itably come to the fore. As it becomes said that China had had good re­ assassinated General Farsiou, a no­ clearer to Israeli workers that their China lations with the governments of Mr. torious military prosecutor of political interests are not the same as the Is­ and Mrs. Bandaranaike. opponents of .the shah; with having raeli rulers', many will begin to real­ "The Chinese Prime Minister had fatally wounded a policeman to get ize that their closest ally in the strug­ offers also expressed regret that China was his weapon; and with having held up gle against exploitation is the Pales­ unable to provide military aid to Cey­ a bank and stolen $80,000. tinian resistance movement fighting to lon as Chinese ships carrying arms Meanwhile, the shah is busy with destroy the expansioqist Zionist state. guns to to Tanzania had left Colombo before preparations for celebrating 2,500 Ceylon's request was made. Mr. Chou years under the Persian moJ\archy. En-lai had said that China could give The Iranian press reports that aa Ceylon both financial and military aid to the a result of publicity abroad, a street Ceylon Government. The Chinese Pre­ in Rome will be _named after Cyrus From Intercontinental Press mier in conclusion had promised the Great Giuseppe Saragat, the pres­ Soviet On June 17 the B andaranaike re­ wholehearted support to the Ceylon ident of Italy, sent a message stating gime declassified "top secret" docu­ Government, saying, 'Whom else can that the reign of Cyrus the Great was ments providing further evidence of we support in Ceylon except the Gov- a turning point in the history of the lengths to which the Mao regime , ernment of Mrs. Bandaranaike'." dissidents humanity. has gone in backing the effort to crush Naturally. And so was the discovery the rebellion in Ceylon. of oil. An opposition speaker iri the Ceylon released Senate had charged· that the recent More on From Intercontinental Press loan granted by the Chinese govern­ ment to Ceylon was "conscience mon­ Two recent developments involving ey," presumably to compensate for prominent Soviet dissidents raise the stirring up the rebellion or for pro­ killings question of whether the Breahnev re­ vidirig it with material aid. Strike . gime feels compelled to make some A Chelliah Kumarasurier, the minister concessions in the direction of the op­ of posts and telecommunications, re­ in Iran. position movement. sponded by stating that he had been wave hits In one, Ivan Yakhimovich, the for­ From Intercontinental Press given permission by Bandaranaike to mer collective farm chairman and read out some "top secret" documents. As reported in the June 25 issue of leading dissident Communist, was re­ The Militant. six members 9f the The June 24 Ceylon News gave the Israel ported freed on May 3 after more than group of nine alleged to have assas­ following account of the revelations: two years imprisonment in a "special" sinated General Ziaddin Farsiou have By TONY THOMAS "Mr. Kumarasurier read out a telex psychiatric prison. Beyond the report been either killed or captured, accord­ The myth of the inherent "social sta­ message sent by Ceylon's Ambassa­ that he was allowed to leave the in­ ing to communiques issued by the bility" of Israeli society has recently dor in China on 5-1-71 saying that suffered a number of severe blows. stitution in RtgQ. Latvia, and rejoin he had read newspaper reports of the police in Teheran. Eskandar Sadegi-Nejad, Rahmatol­ First there was the significant dem­ his wJfe and three daughten, there refusal of thf'! World Bank and the onstration led by the Israeli Black has ~een no information as to the IMF on the loan taken, and that it lah Peyronaziri, and Ameer Parviz Poyan were killed in two separate gun Panthers-African and Asian Jews reasons for his release or the condi­ was possible to obtain substantial aid protesting against discrimination and tions placed upon his freedom. from China in view of the excellent battles in Teheran on May 24. Javad Salahi was killed six weeks earlier. oppression by the ruling minority of In the other development, on June relations existing between the two European Jews. 9 the writer Andrei Sinyavsky was countries. He also read further mes­ In the gun battles, the police said Now the last few weeks have reported released from a penal labor sages that passed between the Ceylon they had wounded and captured two brought a series of explosive strikes, camp in Mordovia more than a year Government and the Ceylon Embassy more members of the group, but did stemming from the Israeli workers' before completion of his seven-year in this connection. not reveal their names. Five police­ men were wounded in the alleged resistance to the government's attempt sentence. Sinyavsky was tried in early shoot-outs. to make them bear the cost of Zion­ 1966, along with Yuli Daniel- both The accounts, as we noted, con­ ism's expansionist military policy. had published anti-Stalinist satir• tained discrepancies. Voluntary restraints on strikes, which abroad under pseudonyms and were The Teheran daily Keyhan of June have been in effect since last year, therefore found guilty of "anti-Soviet 1 contains further details. According were broken in a series of massive propaganda." to the latest police account, Pouyan strikes. The Sinyavsky-Daniel trial marked and Peyronaziri were in hiding. The A dispatch from Jerusalem in the the opening of the current phase in police surrounded the house and killed June 27 New York Times reports, Soviet political life, where political them, after the two "started shooting." "Last week, no fewer than four strikes trials and intensified police persecution Later in the day (May 24), the po-­ in vital public services forced the gov­ have gone·side by side with intenslfled lice spotted Sadegi-Nejad and two of ernment to invoke emergency regUla­ protests and struggles in behalf of his comrades as they started to move tions and order the strikers back to democratic rights, civil liberti•, and furniture into an apartment, their new work, all without redress for any of national dignity. hiding place. They killed Sadegi­ the grievances." In Sinyavsky's case, there is some­ Nejad, again in a "shoot-out" Involved in the walkouts were: "Hos­ what more information about the cir­ To believe the police, there were thus pital maintenance workers, who vir­ cumstances he finds himself in, but two separate gun battles. tually closed down the government no more than in Yakhimovich's about The London Times, in a dispatch medical services for a couple of what prompted the authoriti•' "lenien­ from Teheran dated May 25, never­ days.... cy." There were reports he was re­ theless reported that the three were "Electric utility repairmen, whose ab­ leased early on account of "good be­ killed after a 10-hour gun battle. The sence plunged urban neighborhoods havior"; but the bureaucratic bosses Times also mentions another version, into darkness and threatened them have rarely let that kind of considera­ according· to which two of the victims with dwindling water supplies. . . . tion alone influence them in regard to· may have committed suicide. Mao Tse-tung DCJYid Levine "Dock guards and customs men, political offenders, especially with one The police claim to have captured whose strike forced the police to open like Sinyavsky who has never recant­ "He then read a letter sent by Cey­ a few more "outlaws," including two the gates of dockyards so that goods ed his views or acknowledged the lon's Ambassador on a talk he had women whose names were not re­ could be moved." charge of "anti-Sovietism." with the Chinese Prime Minister [Chou vealed. Of the five wounded policemen, The reaction of the Israeli govern­ In effect, Sinyavsky is -still serving En-lai]. one has reportedly died. ment to these strikes was exactly what time. He is barred from residing in "In his letter the Ambassador had one would expect from a capitalist Moscow or any other major city•. Ac­ said that the Chinese Prime Minister government. A dispatch from Jerusa­ cording to •~_June 9 UPI dispatch, he was highly worried and concerned lem in the June 20 Times quotes Prime was permitted to stay in a Moscow about the developments in Ceylon, es­ Minister Golda Meir, leader of Israel's suburb temporarily while arranging pecially with regard to suspicions that "Labor" Party as saying "workers' his penonal affain, but "will soon be Chinese arms were being smuggled in demands must in the future continue required to move to another city." crates that were delivered at the con­ to be clarified through customary His fellow defendant Daniel, re­ struction site of the Bandaranaike channels"- i.e. no strikes-and that leased in September 1970 after com­ Memorial Hall. the government will "do everything pleting five years imprisonment, is "The Chinese Prime Minister had that lies within its authority to prevent likewise in enforced exile -living in also said that the Che Guevara move­ paralysis of vital services." Kaluga, some one hundred miles ment was a new movement which aouth of Moscow. China disapproved of. He had de­ The real cause of these strikes is In attempting to assess the signifl­ scribed it as a counter revolutionary the biting inflation created by Israeli caDQe of the release of these two men; movement aimed at deceiving the arms spending. The Israeli military the e~treme dearth of information on masses and disrupting the Govern­ budget has quadrupled since the 1967 the circumstances surrounding these ment China, he had said, disapproved war to a total of $400-million. The movee and the absence of any com­ of the theories of Che Guevara. Zionists are financing this not only ment by themselves, by other dissi­ "Mr. Chou En-lai had also referred through imperialist loans and gifts dents, or even by the Stalinist author­ to the expulsion of two CIA agents but through the increased exploitation iti•, dictate caution. Moreover, the from Ceylon, and said that the ,of the Israeli workers. recent pattern of the regime's policies CIA was adopting new tactics of Despite all attempts to deny their toward dissidents has been contradic­ ultra leftism. He had described the existence, the class and national con­ tory, not showing a clear trend either Che Guevara movement as a counter tradictions within Israeli society, toward relaxation or toward all-out revolutionary movement and ex­ pressed surprise how a left govern- Shah of Iran which are reflected in these recent suppression.

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 15 By ANTONIO CAMEJO wherever possible. The workshop also projected reaching DENVER- The Third National Chicano Liberation Con­ out to Chicano Gls. ference, held here June 17-20, resulted in a series of im­ Fruitful workshop discussions were also held on the portant political discussions, resolutions and projections Chicano student movement and on Chicano schools, such Denver for action in the fall. as the Tlatelolco Field Study Center in Denver and the New indications of the potential of the rising Chicano Jacinto Trevino Learning Center in South Texas. The movement to alter the complexion of American political student movement workshop discussed problems that have life provided the objective framework for the conference. arisen in many college and university Chicano studies A recently released study, for example, shows how the programs. outcome of the 1972 presidential elections could be de­ One such problem is that power over programs and cided by Chicano voters in Four states. Another such policies within the departments has been passing out of indication is the recent call by Bert Corona, former pres­ the hands of students and into the control of Chicano mnlen!nEe ident of the Mexican-American Political Association, for administrators, who in many cases have been "bought" MAPA to "join our youth, students, militants and 'pueblo by the university, government or foundation money that (people) in general' to establish our own political party­ has flowed into these departments. La Raza Unida." Participating in the workshop was Richard Garcia, re­ relleEted cently fired from the Chicano studies faculty at San Diego La Raza Unida Party State College because of his forthright stand for student • The conference ·workshop on La Raza Unida Party control of the department and because of his revolution­ (LRUP) discussed the rapid spread of independent Chi­ ary-socialist views. Similar experiences were discussed by a cano political parties in- Texas, Colorado, Arizona and students from Boulder, Colo., San Jose State, and San California, and reaffirmed the call from the 1970. con­ Diego State College. ference for the establishment of "an independent La Raza Unida political party with the Plan of Aztlan as the basic Student control of Chicano studies movement platform." The student workshop resolved that "All decision-mak­ The workshop added the statement that "under no con­ ing power in Chicano studies programs should be in the ditions will we support the Democratic or Republican hands of Chicano students" and that "all Chicano studies parties." It was also decided that candidates of La Raza faculty and students have the right to express their political Unida Party would run only as candidates of that party, views without fear of reprisals or of being fired." The and that La Raza Unida Party would endorse only can­ right of Chicano students to hire, fire and retain Chicano didates running under its banner. faculty or administrators was specifically affirmed. Although coalitions with ·other oppressed sections of This workshop and the one on Chicano schools jointly the population were seen as important, participants agreed issued a call for a national Chicano student conference that meaningful coalitions first required the building of this fall, to be coordinated with the La Raza Unida Party a strong Raza Unida Party. conference. A major aim of the conference will be to amend In reaffirming the plan of Aztlan as the basic program El Plan de Santa Barbara, which has served as a guide to which all candidates of LRUP must adhere, the work­ for Chicano studies programs. Though the plan has many shop emphasized once again, as in 1970, that "This party positive features, the workshop felt that it leaves the door will not be cQPcerned merely with- elections, but will work open for bureaucratic control of programs by adminis­ every day with and for the welfare and needs of our peo­ trators and faculty. ple.... " This concept of an independent Chicano party that fights Raza prisoners 365 days a year for Chicano control of the Chicano The pinta Uail) workshop discussed the rising movement community, including mobilization of La Raza in militant among Raza prisoners and decided "to support the estab­ mass action in the streets, contrasts sharply with the view lishment of a union for Chicanos and Chicanas in Las of the reformists within the Chicano movement, who want Pintas." Such an organization would "have the right to

Chicano moratorium in Los Angeles, Aug. 29, 1970

LRUP to serve as a mere pressure group on the Dem­ hold meetings, collect dues, and insure basic human ocratic Party to get token concessions. rights." Educational conferences inside prisons and demon­ Another important decision of the LRUP workshop was strations "in support of the struggle of the pintos and to issue a call for a national conference of all LR UP pintas (male and female prisoners) were called for Sept. chapters and all those interested in building Raza U nida 24. parties in their areas to discuss the formation of a national Activists reported that in a number of areas Chicano Chicano party. The date was set for the Thanksgiving student organizations are working with Chicano prisoners weekend in November. Locations suggested included Pue­ and ex-prisoners. They raised concrete demands such as blo, Colo., and Crystal City, Texas. A planning meeting is "the creation of employment agencies for Chicanos coming set for July 31 in Denver. out of jail and for open admissions to colleges for ex­ The November conference will take up the question of inmates, with no strings attached." the 1972 elections and how best to deal with the deceit Alicia Escalante of Los Angeles, a welfare rights activist, and lies of the two capitalist parties in the coming year. chaired the welfare rights workshop and called for the With the deepening radicalization in the Chicano com­ formation of a national Chicano welfare rights organi­ munity and the widespread popularity of La Raza Unida zation. parties, the November conference could prove to be of A workshop called La Mujer, la Familia y el Movi­ historic importance. miento (the Woman, the Family and the Movement) was Part of the Chicano Liberation Conference was attended prevented from discussing the special problems, needs by Jose Angel Gutierrez, well-known for his leadership and aspirations of Raza women, by men who dominated in the first electoral victories of La Raza Unida Party in the discussion. This was in sharp contrast to the recent the Crystal City area of South Texas. He addressed the Chicana conference in Houston, where such discussion gathering on the need to build Raza Unida parties in took place. opposition to the Democrats and Republicans. Other workshops discussed Chicano control of the Chi­ cano community, the farm workers, the land issue, the Fall antiwar actions problem of drugs, and the production of Chicano news­ The conference's antidraft and antiwar workshop issued papers. a call for antiwar actions in the fall. Participants agreed that the theme of El 16 de septiembre, Mexican Indepen­ Red-baiting dence Day, should be opposition to the war in Indochina In most of the workshops, a free and fruitful discussion and the drafting of Chicano youth, and that Chicano took place. However, an unfortunate incident occurred moratoriums to "Bring Our Carnales Home" be organized at the beginning of the workshop discussion on La Raza

16 Unida Party when one of the chairmen, AI Gurule, 1970 the Democrats and Republicans and not the revolution­ LRUP candidate for governor of Colorado, lumped "com­ ary socialists. Most of the participants in the workshop munists and socialists" in with the Democratic and Re­ seemed not to agree with Gurule's attack. Rodolpho publican parties and singled· out the Socialist Workers "Corky" Gonzales, a leader of the Crusade for Justice, Party for attack. He warned the Chicano movement to spoke on the need for unity and for bringing together be wary of those who "attempt to lead us astray for their Chicanos of many different political ideologies. own ends." He said that La Raza has to be independent The conference ended with a dramatic candlelight march of all "gringo-controlled parties and groups." from several parks in the Chicano community to the In response to these remarks, Raza members of the state capitol here. Some 400 to 500 marchers and sup­ Detroit SWP and the Young Socialist Alliance urged that all at­ porters he~rd workshop resolutions read and to the shouts tempts to exclude revolutionary socialists from the Chi­ of "Chicano Power!" and Viva Che! ", witnessed the sym­ cano movement be repudiated. They pointed out that bolic posting of the Plan of Aztlan on the capitol door. Panthers both the SWP and YSA fully supported building a mass Chicano party independent of the Democratic and Re­ "Cultural renaissance" publican parties. Such a party should be by Raza, for In his keynote speech at the beginning of the conference, acquitted R~za and organized along nationalist lines. Corky Gonzales explained that a ~mltural renaissance was "We are Chicano nationalists and revolutionary social­ an essential part of uplifting and organizing La Raza. ists, and there is no contradiction between the two," said Among the cultult'al performances put on during the con­ of murder Manuel "Tank" Barrera, a Young Socialist from Houston. ference was the Ballet Chicano de Aztlan. This folk ballet By MICHAEL SMITH "I was born a Chicano and no one can ever take that was performed at last year's conference and has now DETROIT-"Not guilty" was the ver­ away from me. But I am also a socialist." grown to some 80 dancers and a singing group. All dict returned June 30 agai.n;st 12 mem­ The Raza socialists explained that the Chicano move­ of the dancers are students at Tlatelolco, LRUP activists, bers of the National Committee to ment must reject red-baiting (that is, attacking people and part of the rising leadership of the Crusade for Jus­ Combat Fascism, a group associated for their organizational affiliation and playing on the tice. As they put it, "The main purpose for the Ballet Chi­ with the Black Panther Party. The reactionary prejudices many people have against social­ cano is not to dance or earn money. for our own benefit, 12 had been charged with first-degree ism) or face the prospect of seriously dividing and weak­ but to educate La Raza to the beauty of our own culture, , murder and conspiracy to commit ening the movement. La Cultura de la Raza. ... We are also a coro (singing murder. Three of the defendants, how­ They pointed out that anticommunism is one of the group) and a teatro (theater), all of La Cruzada, and ever, were convicted of a lesser of­ most potent tools used by the capitalist ruling class to all a part of the Chicano movement iOr liberation." fense of felonious assault, which car­ oppress our brothers and sisters in Asia and Latin Am~­ ries a four-year maximum sentence. ica, and that reinforcing the prejudices many of our peo­ The charges arose out of an inci­ ple have against socialism is no way to free our people LIBERATION dent last Oct. 24 in which the 12, from the grip of gringo capitalist ideology. CHICAI'JO after being harassed by the police for Only if the Raza Unida parties remain open to all d selling the Black Panther newspaper, La Raza who support their basic goals and programs, Af\D RY fled to their headquarters, a house they said, can we build a viable mass party that can a few blocks away. effectively struggle for control of our own communities, YOUTH The police laid massive siege to the for the liberation of La Raza. by Mirta Vidal 25c house, pinning down those inside for Despite this red-baiting attack, the general mood of Pathfinder Press 410 West Street New York 10014 over six hours until a "surrender" was the LRUP workshop was one of Raza unity, with the negotiated. At the start of the siege understanding that the enemies of the Chicano people are one of the policemen, Glenn E. Smith, a plainclothes "mod-squader," was shot through the head. It was never proven that the fatal shot was fired from the house. Black Detroiters widely believed the case to be a frame-up, part of a nationally _, directed campaign to harass and vic­ iLa Razaen timize the Panthers. For months prior In one of the mosi dramatic displays of anger and frus­ "The 123 years of racism and oppression in New Mexico to the incident the 12 had undergone tration in recent years, the Chicano community of Albu­ of the Indo-Hispano by the Anglo since the signing of the repeated abuse by the police. querque, N. M., erupted in a series of spontaneous rebel­ treaty [of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the U.S. war The trial lasted 18 days. The pro­ lions in early June. with Mexico] is coming to the fore." secution called 80 witnesses, the de­ Albuquerque is a city of 250,000. One-third of'the pop­ fense called none. ulation is Chicano. A job study recently released by the "Slave Trade Flourishes Throughout Southwest," reads a The prosecution's case was dealt a University of New Mexico Bureau of Business Research headline in the June 20 Denver Post. severe blow when John Lee refused showed unemployment at a record high of 6. 9 percent That adequately describes the atrocious reality for thou­ to testify. He was the only witness in the state. Similar statistics reveal an extremely low sands of Mexican citizens who cross the border each year inside the house at the time of the average wage and a high poverty level, which means in search of work. incident. When Lee was led off to jail very oppressive conditions for La Raza. The abuse of laborers who enter the U. S. from Mexico to serve 30 days for contempt for Albuquerque is also the city where the movement to has reached such scandalous proportions that a congres­ not testifying, defense attorneys and regain stolen land- the Alianza Federale de los Pueblos sional subcommittee decided to hold hearings on the ques­ sympathizers hoped that the prosecu­ Libres, led by Reies Lopez Tijerina -has been based. tion. tion's murder and conspiracy case The incidents began on Sunday, June 13, when cops The hearings, held on June 24 and 25 in Denver, ex­ went with him. began harassing a crowd of Chicanos gathered at Roose­ posed one of the crudest forms of exploitation of hum an However, evidence found in the velt Park, on the edge of the Chicano community. Al­ beings known to the twentieth century. house and introduced in front of the though details differ in the various reports, it is clear According to ·the Denver Post, the number of arrests jury by means of the broad latitude that the trouble started with the unjustified arrest of several of persons entering the U.S. illegally has increased tenfold afforded the prosecution under the Chicano youths. in the past 10 years, from 27,958 in 1961 to 266,361 conspiracy laws was extremely prej­ Cops began the arrests when a frisbee accidentally hit last year. The number of arrests are an indication of the udicial. It included: pipe bombs, dy­ a cop car parked nearby. A crowd began to gather and magnitude of this traffic. namite, guns, Carlos Marighela's tensions grew. In response to provocations, the angered ''Many of them are bought and sold, herded and housed Minimanual on Guerrilla Warfare, two crowd hurled some other objects at the cops, who had like cattle, blackmailed and cheated," says the Post. shopping carts full of bullets, and come well prepared and proceeded to spray mace and These thousands of men and women, whom both the Black Panther literature enjoining peo­ tear gas on the Chicano youths. As they drove off to subcommittee and the Post call "wetbacks," are forced to ple to "off pigs." the police station, several hundred youths marched be­ put their lives in the hands of virtual slave traders who A rally called by the Black Panther hind them in protest. bring them across the border with the promise of finding Party and a committee of the defen­ As the community joined in, a spontaneous rebellion them work. Once they arrive and find work, most of their dant's parents drew 2,000 people of major proportions ensued. Cars were overturned, build­ substandard wages must go to paying off their"smugglers," downtown on the last day of the trial. ings were set on fire, city hall was fire-bombed and several who control them with the threat of deportation. The jury deliberated six days before downtown businesses were burned and looted. The result­ The hearings also revealed that the traffic in human the jury foreman, a Black factory ing damage was estimated at more than $1-million. labor is not only profitable for the smugglers but also worker, softly repeated the words "not The second day, June 14, the frightened city adminis­ for the gringo farmers. Mter illegal residents have worked guilty" for each of the defendants. tration decided their own police force was insufficient and for a period of time, the employer often simply reports The jury, made up of 10 Blacks called in over 1,000 National Guardsmen. them to the Border Patrol, saving himself the expense and two whites, was, in the opinion For several months, the Black Berets, a Chicano youth of paying the wages due. of defense attorney Tom Meyer, "a group, have been demanding the formation of a civilian­ To add insult to injury, another article printed around jury truly reflective of the community police review board to investigate police brutality in the the same time claimed that "wetbacks" are also responsible from which the defendants came; a city. for the marijuana traffic from Mexico to the U.S.! jury of their peers able to judge the The second evening, following a rally called by the defendants' conduct in the context of Black Berets, pent-up frustrations erupted into spontaneous Las Hijas de Cuahtemoc, a Chicana newspaper, is a clear their social and political background." demonstrations. More than 600 were arrested during the sign that Chicanas are beginning to organize into an ef­ It is not inaccurate to conclude that weekend and some 15 people were injured by police gun­ fective new force in the struggle for Chicano liberation. the high state of Black nationalist con­ fire. The first issue to be published includes a history of sciousness in Detroit is what fended These explosions are hardly surprising in a city which, La Mexicana, several poems by Chicanas, and a number off a deliberate attempt of government even the New York Times admits, "was once 100 percent of other articles relevant to Raza women. victimization. Indian, Mexican and Spanish," and is now cont-rolled by Its purpose, explains a brief article in the newspaper, a racist Anglo administration. Yet Governor Bruce King, "is to encourage all Chicanas to begin to express their a Democrat, claims that "hippies" and outside agitators ideas in as many ways aF possible.... It shall publish were responsible for the trouble, and has named a special all literature about Chicanas, by Chicanas." committee to "seek the answers." Subscriptions, which cost $3, can be obtained by writing But the "answers" to this powerful expression of rising to: Hijas de Cuahtemoc, 6101 E. 7th, cfo EOP, Long combativity among La Raza is more accurately reflected Beach, Calif. 90801. in a statement issued by the Alianza regarding these events: -MIRTA VIDAL

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 17 lenin: Notes for a Biographer by Leon Trotsky. With exile of Trotsky shortly after, they fought side by side and introduction by Bertram D. Wolfe. Translated for the common cause of revolution?" from the Russian and annotated by Tamara Deutsch­ That's the result of indifference or carelessness. But there is a much worse indictment to be made of this publisher. er. G. P. Putnam's Sons. New York, 1971. 224 pp. And that is his selection of Bertram D. Wolfe,. a profes­ $5.95. sional anti-Leninist, to write the introduction to this book about Lenin by a comrade of Lenin. Wolfe's credentials Reading ·this ltoc:Mt produces miXed emotions. First, the ·in this field include having done a similar job for Stein & positive ones: Day in their 1967 edition of Trotsky's Stalin. These pub­ An addition in English to the writings of one of the lishers wouldn't dare to print a book by John Kennedy great Marxists is always welcome. Trotsky wrote most with an inwoduction by George Wall ace or George Lin­ of these sketches shortly after Lenin's death in 1924. coln Rockwell. By what right do they hire Bertram D. He was ill then, and the first edition was probably pre­ Wolfe to write an introduction to a book by Trotsky? pared for publication too hastily. Its purpose was mod­ est- to record reminiscences by one who had know Lenin as a collaborator abroad in 1902-1903 and in Russia Who is Wolfe? The flap tells us he is "an American who knew Trotsky" from the 1917 revolution on- and it does not rank as one and an "author of the acknowledged masterwork Three of Trotsky's major works. Who Made a Revolution, a biography of Lenin, Stalin In a volume of his collected works announced for the and Trotsky. For four years, Mr. Wolfe served as chief late 1920s, Trotsky intended to expand this book by of the Ideological Advisory Staff of the State Department adding other articles on Lenin; it was not published be­ and the Voice of America.... The recipient of three Gug­ cause of his expulsion from the Communist Party. He genheim Fellowships, he is presently at the Hoover In­ used some of its material in revised form in later books, stitution for War, Revolution, and Pe-ace at Stanford Uni-. and prObably would have incwrporated more in the biog­ versity." raphy of Lenin he began. but never finished during his Wolfe did know Trotsky, but mainly as a bittel' antago­ last exile. nist. Inside the Communist Party. in the 1920s, Wolfe was Despite its limited aims, this book contains many sections one of the chief jackals baying against "Trotskyism" and that are valuable for the student of Bolshevism and the he kept applauding and defending the Kremlin's repressias Russian Revolution, and some that are fascinating. Until of the Left Opposition long after he was expelled from the now it was impossible for the English reader to appreciate CP himself. Thereafter he went through a number of po­ them because the translation, made in England and pub­ litical gyrations, but there was always Oile thing constant lished in 1925, was- there is no other word- atrocious. about Wolfe- his undeviating opposition to Trotsky's Reading it was like trying to watch a movie through ideas. After his repudiation of Leninism, it was natural a waterfall while you were seated next to a Good Humor for the State Department and other agencies of imperialism ice cream truck blaring its "music." The Italians have to welcome him into their employ as· an ideological advi­ a saying: tradutore traditore (the translator is a traitor), sor, that is, as a supplier of "progressive" rhetoric to cover but this translator was worse than a traitor- he was an their counterrevolutionary activity. ignoramus. Publishers are supposed to be guided by different cri­ So it is with gratitude we report that Tamara Deutscher teria than government agencies- at least, that· s what the has aone a splendid job in retranslating this book in a style worthy of Trotsky and recognizable for the first publishers say. So shouldn't the publisher of this book, instead of palming Wolfe off as an apparently objective time as by Trotsky. In addition, she has translated two scholar, feel obliged to advise its readers that the author of this introduction has made a career out of opposing the ideas of Lenin and Trotsky and that he has a material stake in discrediting them? The "scholarship" level of the introduction is certainly not high. Wolfe says the French translation of the first volume of Trotsky's biography of Lenin was not pub­ lished until after his assassination in 1940; actually it was published in Paris in 1936. Its "educational" quality can be illustrated by Wolfe's remark following the state­ ment that before 1917 most Russian Marxists expected a bourgeois-democratic revolution: "I must leave it to the reader to decide whEit}ler they are flattering the bourgeoisie or belittling democracy and civil liberties by calling them bourgeois.... " But of course Wolfe wasn't brought in for scholarly purposes; the major aim of his introduction is to prejudice readers against both Lenin and Trotsky before they reach Trotsky's first line. His tools are misrepresentation and distortion, of which there are too many to cite more than a few examples.

The Provisional Government Wolfe informs us that the Russian Provisional Govern­ ment in 1917 prepared "only against a restoration of czar­ ism undreamed of by the czar, but not against a coup from the left. ..." This doesn't square well with the his­ torical facts: In July 1917, the Provisional Government Lenin and Trotsky set out to crush the growing Bolshevik Party; later the of his articles written after the first Russian edition was head of that government entered into a conspiracy with published. One of these, Trotsky's indignant reply to monarchist General Kornilov to occupy and pacify revo­ Maxim Gorky's 1924 pamphlet on Lenin, would by itself lutionary St. Petersburg; whatever the czar did or did not justify the publication of this book. dream of, the czarist reactionaries did not give up ·until Now, some complaints: after they had been crushed in a three-year civil war. If This is not a new book. In its first translation, it was the Bolshevik Party wasn't crushed in July 1917, it wasn't published at least four times by four American publishers, because of a lack of willingness on the government's part; including a paperback edition by the present publismer the party was driven partly underground, Lenin was nine years ago. Shouldn't a publisher feel obliged to pro­ forced into hiding, Trotsky was imprisoned, thousands vide the potential customer with these facts? They are en­ were persecuted and victimized. tirely absent from the book itself; only on the inside back Anyhow, Trotsky reports that Lenin said early in July, flap of the cover is there a reference to "this new edition," before he went into hiding, "Now they will shoot us all, which some readers will mistake to mean a new book. for them it is the best moment." Trotsky explains why it If food should be labeled properly, how about books? didn't happen, and adds the opinion that if the Russian Maybe Ralph Nader should investigate. military had got hold of Lenin at that time they probably Some publishers think anything goes, especially with would have killed him the same way their German counter­ dead writers. This publisher had so little concern for his parts killed Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in a obligations that he permitted the flap copy to be edited similar situation in 1919. or written by someone· who was familiar neither with Wolfe argues neither with Trotsky's explanation nor the subject nor the book, short as it is. Who else could his opinion. Instead he tells us: "'Now they will shoot say that from 1902 "until the death of Lenin and the all of us,' Lenin tells Trotsky, for that is what Lenin

18 would have done under similar circumstances." That's all, and Wolfe passes immediately to anothe.r matter. No evi­ dence, no argument~ pure slander of Lenin, complement­ ing the whitewash of the government. This is an intro­ duction all right, but to what? Praise for mistakes Wolfe isn't always this crude. To cover what he is doing, he ev~n praises Lenin and Trotsky. This is a bit tricky, but he pulls it off by praising them for- their mistakes (which they later corrected). Before 1917, Trotsky criti­ cized Lenin's position on democratic centralism and Lenin criticized Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution. Wolfe pats them on the back: How eminently correct they both were before 1917; if only they hadn't changed their minds! "Had Trotsky stuck to that criticism of Lenin and Lenin to his comparable criticism of Trotsky, the Communist regime might have been less harsh.... " Except, of course, that there wouldn't have been any revolution or any Com­ infantry. munist regime if Lenin and Trotsky had not corrected In the area of justice, the inequity becomes more glaring. Military justice their errors in 1917. is of two varieties, judicial and nonjudicial. Judicial action involves the court­ After breaking with Lenin in 1903, the young Trotsky martial process. Nonjudicial action is that administered on a company level, developed a sharp criticism of Lenin's organizational involving either an Article 15 or pretrial confinement. According to the report, methods, which he contended were over-centralist and Article 15 punishment may include reprimands, restriction to the base, arrest would lead inevitably to liictatorship. In 1917, Trotsky in quarters, correctional custody, extra duty, forfeiture of pay, awl in eome reco~nized that without Lenin's party-building methods cases reduction to lower rank. the 1917 revolution would be impossible. He joined the Officials in Washington told the team beforehand that Black GI:s receive Ar­ Bolsheviks and became a tireless defender of Lenin's ticle 15s at a higher rate than whites. The team subsequently found that in organizational concepts for the remaining 23 years of Berlin, where Black Gls make up 15 percent of the command, Blacks receive his life. about 33 percent of the Article 15s. At other bases they report higher rates. Lenin, on the other hand, opposed Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution, which Wolfe presents as "a theory Many of the Black Gls interviewed said Article 15 punishment resulted mainly from the display of the symbols of Black awareness, such as African-American of an undemocratic revolution" and "a proposal for a 'leap over democracy.'" Unfortunately (in Wolfe's opinion) hair styles, handshakes, and "power salutes." And in many cases white officers Lenin changed his mind in 1917 too. openly provoke the brothers in order to create an excuse to impose such pun­ "For in that fateful year when he and Trotsky joined ishment. forces, they amnestied each other's cardinal errors. Trotsky Pretrial confinement in the U. S. Army amounts to the same as that in civilian accepted Lenin's undeMocratic machine. Lenin accepted life. Although half the Blacks in military jails are there "pending trial," in Trotsky's undemocratic revolution with its 'leap over de­ 1970 almost a third of all Gls released were let go because "pretrial (confine­ mocracy.' An undemocratic party to make an undemocrat­ ment was) not required." In other words, they were given no trial but spent ic revolution-what are these if not the very foundations time anyway. of totalitarianism?" Blacks make up 13 percent of the 165,000 persons constituting the U.S. Lenin and Trotsky, you see, are responsible for Sta­ Army in Germany. Yet, among these serving sentences in military jails, the linism. This is Wolfe's thesis. It might be a little more report says, "A count made early in January 1971 showed that two out of credible if he would undertake to prove that Lenin's party every five prisoners ( 40 percent) were Black. Later that month, the Black was undemocratic or that the revolution he led was un­ percentage went up to 50 percent." And they are there because, while the de­ democratic. Mere assertion doesn't make facts of such fen

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 19 F&ists • • The following article from a Rome e unions and the left parties did the right-wing total increased by 1.4%, which among other things, is linked correspondent of Intercontinental Press everything they could, not only to probably reflecting a shift of the law­ to the· Mafia. In a situation of social is excerpted from the July 5 issue of prevent the ranks from taking a hand and-order voters weary of the agita­ decomposition such as exists in the that publication. in running their own struggles, but to tion in recent years and perhaps South, the PCI is not only not making Elections were held in Italy June keep the conflict strictly nonpolitical. frightened by the national demonstra­ any gains. Its vote is on the decline. 13-14 for some city and provincial Despite all these efforts, embryonic tion in Rome called by the unions It is incapable of attracting the pro­ councils, as well as for the Sicilian forms of dual power arose spontane­ shortly before the elections, in which test vote of the poor strata. regional assembly. Because of the po­ ously (e.g., the factory delegates). 150,000 workers from all over Italy In Bari the PCI vote dropped from participated litical juncture and because about one­ The resentments and frustrations of 20.7% to 15.9%; the PSI UP vote from fifth of the total electorate was in­ the Southern Italian population ex­ In Rome the MSI seems to have 3.1% to 2.4%. In Ascoli Piceno the gained votes also in the borgate, the volved, the elections aroused consid­ ploded with particular· violence. The PCI vote was cut from 20.4% to belt of subproletarian slums that sur­ erable interest, even though the areas South of Italy is still a vast, heavily 14.9%. In Foggia it dropped by 2%. involved- mainly in .Southern Italy populated, underdeveloped territory. rounds the city. These communities Throughout the South, the trend was have recently been the scene of sharp -are probably out of step with much Its income levels are one-third to one­ toward a shift in the relationship of struggles and confrontations with the of the central part of the country and fourth that of the North. Moreover, class forces. the North. it has an extremely high rate of un­ police, chiefly over building occupa­ Tired of promises of reform, of a tions by shack-dwellers. Since there The following parties participated in employment and a strong outflow of "Southern" policy that has only are still no breakdowns of the vote the elections on a wide scale: the PCI emigration to other areas of Italy and increased the disparity between North , by area, this report is unconfirmed. and South, the subproletariat, the un­ [Partito Comunista Italiano- Italian abroad. If it turns out to be true, it would employed, the disinherited masses rec­ Communist party], PSIUP [Partito So­ In the South, more than anywhere indicate that the rise of the fascist ognize the logic of the PCI's "partici­ cialista Italiano d' Unit a Proletaria­ else, there has been a spontaneous ltalian Socialist party of Proletarian tendency to see the "system" as the vote in Rome was partly a result of pation" in the capitalist system. Be­ Unity, the section of Italian Social enemy and to demand not "reforms" the same phenomenon occurring in cause they are declassed, these masses the South, which will be considered Democracy committed to the alliance but a real radical change. For months have become disoriented. Unlike the with the CP], the PSI [Partito Social­ on end, a Southern city, Reggio di further on. workers in the North, they have react- ista Italiano- Italian Socialist party, Calabria, has been the scene of a considered to be to the "left" of Social virtual insurrection. Democracy internationally, like the In view of the picture briefly out­ Swedish and Finnish parties], the lined here, how should we interpret PSDI [Partito Socialista Democratico the results of the June 13 elections? Italiano- Italian Democratic Socialist First of all, we should note the party, a grouping that split from the changes in the percentage of votes PSI in 1969 because of the latter's won by the various parties, as com­ "receptivity" to the Communists], the pared with what they got in the same DC [Democrazia Cristiana.- Christian area in the June 1970 regional elec­ Democracy), the PRI [Partito Re­ tions: pubblicano Italiano- Italian Repub­ lican party, a left liberal group simi­ 1970 1971 lar to others in Europe that try to PCI 25.0 21.1 offer a "progressive" alternative to the PCI-PSIUP 3.2 PSI UP _3.4 traditional working-class and bour­ 2.0 Total 28.4 26.3 -2.1 geois parties], the PLI [Partito Lib­ erale Italiano- Italian Liberal J>arty, DC 35.2 31.0 -4.2 an anticlerical bourgeois-democratic PSI 10.3 11.0 +0.7 party like the PRI but more closely PSDI 6.7 7.8 +1.1 linked to the bourgeoisie), the PDIUM PRI 4.0 4.2 +0.2 [Partito Democratico Italiano d'Unita PLI 5.7 3.5 -2.2 Monarchica- Italian Democratic par­ PDIUM 1.2 1.0 -0.2 ty of Monarchist Unity, a grouping MSI 8.2 13.9 +5.7 that favors the return of the king], and the MSI [Movimento Sociale Itali­ ano- Italian Social Movement, the It is clear from this table that the neofascists ]. fascist MSI increased its strength markedly at the expense of the other Of course, in order to interpret the rightist groupings (the PLI and Italian fascists on Univenity of Rome campus this year election results correctly we need to PDIUM) and the DC. know the economic and political con­ The left (the PCI and PSIUP) came Thus, the returns in Rome and ed to the pressures of the social crisis tex:t in which they occurred. So a brief out of the elections weakened, with its Genoa reveal two main trends: ( 1) a by becoming the pawns of demagogic explanation of the conditions at the losses going to the smaller CQalition certain weakening of the parliamen­ and reactionary maneuvers. time the vote was held is required: parties. tary far-left; (2) reinforcement of the Of course, the changes that have oc­ As is well known, Italy has experi­ Because of the great disparities in far right at the expense of the other curred in the Italian social and eco­ enced a wave of economic and po­ the economic and political situations rightist parties. The second trend, of nomic structure in the postwar period litical struggles over the last three in the North, Center, and South, it course, is not a matter of indifference. have markedly reduced the specific years that is unprecedented in the post­ would make no sense to extrapolate It implies that sectors of the bour­ weight of the Southern masses (as well war period. This phase h.egan in early such a poll to the country a,s a whole. geoisie have chosen different political as the absolute number of people in tactics. Correspondingly, this requires 1968 with the eruption of a student ·Only 10% of the vote came from the the South). Thus, it cannot be sup­ tactical shifts on the part of the work­ movement similar in fts characteristics North, which accounts for more than posed that this phenomenon will up­ ers. But the shift does not represent to those in other European countries half of the country's population. More­ set the balance of forces on a national a substantial change in the relation­ and in the United States. The radi­ over, Sicily, which represents a little scale. But although there is an army calization continued in the fall of the more than 8% of the population and ship of class forces. Nor does it mean of socialist-oriented workers and al­ the development of mass support for same year with the opening up of which has peculiar features (which the though the fascists are blocked in the a policy of open repression. workers' struggles over the renewal bourgeois administration has recog­ Northern cities, this cannot overshad­ The election results in the South, ow the gravity of the fact that for the of national labor contracts. nized, moreover, by making the is­ on the other hand, indicate that the first time, if only in part of the coun­ In the following year, struggles de­ land a region "with a special status"), extreme right has the ability to win try, the fascists have ceased to be an veloped at the industry level among contribtlted 40.34% of the vote. a mass base through demagogic de­ association of "old comrades" and be­ the largest and most militant cate­ The results in Genoa give an ex­ nunciations of the system, defying the come a mass party. gories, such as the metalworkers. ample of the trend among the North­ These contingents started up a wave em voters. The PCI maintained its laws, and openly attacking the regime. The major responsibility for this of strikes and demonstrations, both in positions. The PSIUP vote was cut It is precisely the returns in Sicily state of affairs falls obviously on the the streets and in the factories, which in half. The government parties im­ and the other areas in the South that parties of the reformist left, which have was marked by an extremely high proved their positions by a few points, are most disturbing because (after the been incapable of rallying and leading events in Reggio Calabria) they con­ level of mobilization and combativity. with the PSI standing out as the big­ the protest of a large part of the poor Following the example of the work­ gest gainer. On the other hand, the firm the possibility of the fascists win­ population against the capitalist sys­ ers, numerous petty-bourgeois groups MSI vote rose from 4.5% to 5.5%, ning a mass base in the South, in the tem. In fact, these parties have become (state employees, small tradesmen, with the increase coming exclusively subproletariat, and among the most the defenders of this system, with some white-collar workers in the service in­ at the expense of the other rightist poverty-stricken masses. of them joining the bourgeois govern­ dustries, etc.) mobilized successively parties, whose losses, moreover, ex­ In Sicily the combined vote of the ment and others wanting to. (The PCI in struggles demanding- in various ceeded the MSI gains. PCI and the PSIUP dropped 1.3%. has gone to the point of publishing forms- a better standard of living. The result in Rome was almost the But this time the PSIUP was not the a manifesto claiming that it is the par­ This radicalization did not culmi­ same as in Genoa. The PCI increased only loser. In the districts where the ty of "real law and order.") nate in a revolutionary crisis like the its vote by 0.1% over last year, but PC I ran alone, it also lost votes. The But the so-called extraparliamentary French May. But the breadth of these the PSIUP vote dropped from 2.6% government parties other than the DC extreme-left bears no small part of the economic struggles, combined with the to· 1.6%. The government parties scored no gains. Altogether the coali­ responsibility as well. It is still inca­ inadequacy of essential social services gained a few points, but not the DC. tion, parties' vote increased by only pable of offering an alternative rally­ (housing, health, education, etc.), ob­ The fascist vote went from 10.7% to 0.1%. The MSI vote rose from 7.2% ing point to the left It is still frag­ jectively raised a more general po­ 15.6%, with almost all the increase to 16.4%, an increase of 9.2%, while mented into a myriad of sects and litical problem. The regime itself was coming from the other rightist par­ the other rightist parties (PLI and splinter groups, sometimes on the ba­ put in question. And the challenge ties. The social composition of the PDIUM) lost only 1.9%. The fascists sis of principled differences, but some­ contained clearly anticapitalist ele­ electorate in the capital is predomi­ thus garnered a protest vote of 7% times also merely because of petty­ ments. nantly petty bourgeois. As a result against the center-left government, bourgeois ultraleftism.

20 The National Picket Line The United States Post Office Department formally and officially became the Faught, who had nothing to do with .awarding the consulting contract to Wes­ U.S. Postal Service on July 1, 1971. Thus the first major department of gov­ tinghouse, according to an unidentified representative of Postal Service. ernment became a federally financed and privately managed, quasi-independent, It is widely known, without benefit of Westinghouse "consultation," that $10-billion public utility. 700,000 postal employees have a very poor pay system. And it is reported For the next 13 years, by special law, it will continue to receive full financial that many of them, through their postal workers unions, are making their own backing from the federal government but will be run by a highly paid staff study of this. If they find out how the system works, they will surely expose of private plunderers. this biggest of all mail robberies, roll back the price of postage stamps, demand The management boasts of its present sound financial position. James W. an end to the layoffs, and begin to fight for workers' control of the Postal Hargrove, assistant postmaster general for finance and administration, told Service. a New York Times correspondent June 29, "No utility in this country is in as good shape as we as we begin this enterprise." About 20,000 Western Union workers walked out June 1 because the company Hargrove was reported to have said that the new Postal Service begins life ·was eliminating their jobs and refusing to pay living wages. As the strike with over $2-billion in assets such as building and equipment, and that it has continues, Western Union officials brag that by provoking the strike they have cash of between $750-million and $1-billion for investment purposes. spurred the process of automation and reorganization. The strike speeds up The Postal Service is authorized by an act of Congress to sell $10-billion use of the Mailgram, which turns over delivery of Western Union messages worth of postal revenue bonds, no more than $2-billion in any one year. to U.S. letter carriers. The letter carriers receive no extra pay, get no addi­ It is not reported how much interest these postal revenue bonds will pay, tional help. They take over for free the work of former Western Union employ­ but the banks that buy such bonds expect to collect about 6 percent interest ees, now on strike. on their investments these days. This means that $120-million will be paid back to the bankers in interest on the first $2-billion bond sale the first year. The issue of jobs is likewise involved in the strike of 15,000 West Coast long­ This goes on year after year. shoremen, whose contract expired June 30. The Pacific Maritime Association According to the present rules, the Postal Service can use $500-million a year has reorganized and "rationalized" the handling of cargo during the past from the bond sales for operating expenses and the other $1.5-billion goes for decade, and the work force has been drastically reduced. The International capital expenditures. Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, foreseeing this development, at­ By the time $10-billion of postal revenue bonds have been sold, the full $500- tempted to adjust to the "age of automation," negotiated for pensions and million per year for operating expenses won't even be enough to cover the early retirement. This has not been enough to protect the living standard of interest payment on the bonds. · waterfront workers, and the union is now demanding higher guaranteed annual For anyone who is curious about the alchemy of the old public utility shake­ wages. down, the new Postal Service is a test-tube case to watch. Here will be seen All 24 West Coast ports from Seattle to San Diego were closed by the ILWU how pure gold is produced by the ancient art of combining federal financing on July 1, after 23 years of "waterfront peace." with quasi-independent operation. Add interest bearing bonds to bring out the Longshoremen on. the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, represented by the Inter­ richness of the mixture. national Longshoremen's Association (AFL-CIO), are watching closely what It can be reasonably predicted that within five years- the briefest time al­ happens on the Pacific. They face the same problems and are poorly equipped lotted for the sale of the $10-billion of postal revenue bonds- the Postal Service to deal with them when their contracts expire on Sept. 30. There is talk of a will be complaining of "financial difficulty," if not bankruptcy. nationwide longshoremen's strike of 120,000 in the fall if no pattern of wages Assistant Postmaster General Hargrove says of Postal Service at the outset, and employment for the industry is established by the West Coast strike. "we are anything but a Penn Central or a Lockheed," the two notorious current bankrupts. The "Big Four" of the copper trust- American Smelting and Refining, Kenne­ The Postal Service does not expect to follow in thei.r footsteps to the beggars' cott Copper, Anaconda, and Phelps Dodge- are holding out against the United bench at future congressional hearings: It has. a built-in provision for continued Steelworkers of America for more control over the workers. The contract ex­ government subsidies over the next 13 years. In addition, it is authorized to pired June 30, and 35,000 miners in 11 western states walked out. The biggest raise postal rates again and again- as it did even before taking control just operations are in Utah, Arizona, Montana, New Mexico and Nevada. as a gesture of independence and future intentions- in case operating expenses The copper kings say they expect to increase productivity and operating warrant it. efficiency. That means lower safety standards, more speedup and fewer workers. As a demonstration of "good business management," the new Postal Service Copper companies do not like the idea of a cost-of-living "escalator" clause, has announced that it is purchasing labor-saving equipment, hopes to cut back preferring fixed wages, which now average less than $4 per hour in the copper on the work force, and will hold down wages. These are all the standard de­ mines. vices of private corporations and public utilities alike: reduce costs, raise prices and increase the profits of investors. The Communication Workers of America have set a July 14 strike deadline Meanwhile, the word is out that the new U.S. Postal Service is in a position for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company's nationwide Bell System. to pay well for a few services, further enriching those big corporations that Here also one of the big questions is automation, i.e. loss of jobs. This is had the foresight to plant some of their own able men in the new management combined with the need for higher wages. A strike of telephone workers could of this public utility. involve as many as half a million.

Westinghouse Electric Corporation, for example, has been awarded a contract Without knowing it, Nixon may have provoked the unions to fight harder of $3.5-million to study "pay systems" of 700,000 postal employees. Competi­ against the -systematic layoffs in industry when he vetoed the $5.6-billion ac­ tors say the job should cost no more than $1-million. The Westinghouse "inside celerated public-works bill on June 30. man" is Assistant Postmaster General for Research and Engineering Harold -FRANK LOVELL

of a united action campaign is related to the ques­ join the struggle. Through a campaign for a single­ tion of what a coalition is. The whole point of a issue action we can expose those sections of the coalition is to enable a broad spectrum of the movement who will not support this concrete action movement to combine forces into a united front in the interests of women and at the same time .. .abortion for action against our oppressors on a specific draw together women from all groups who are Continued from page 9 issue. Since the women's movement is so hetero­ willing to struggle. the national abortion campaign would be a mis­ geneous at the present time, the most powerful The WISE grouping also raises the question of take. Should we exclude from this abortion cam­ coalition and action can be built around a single how a coalition 'should function. They disagree paign all women who still have prejudices against issue. with the practice of making major decisions through homosexuals, or who are simply not concerned The fact that women have gotten together on an open, dem9cratic meetings with one women-one enough with the issue of gay rights to want to join issue does not mean that that issue is the only im­ vote. And they also say in a leaflet outlining their a campaign around this issue? Certainly all wom­ portant aspect of the oppression of women. The views that the vote to exclude the demand for free­ en who are really in favor of an abortion campaign question before serious and conscious feminists dom of sexual expression at the June 12 meeting would agree that we want all women to join this is how to develop a momentum of struggle that was "obtained by a majority not representative campaign who are willing to struggle for abortion can relate to the political climate and discussions of our women's liberation movement"-although law repeal and no forced sterilization. going on in the country and draw millions of they never explain whose women's liberation move­ Gay women, many of whom have been among women into battle against the government and in­ ment they are talking about. the staunchest supporters of the women's libera­ stitutions that oppress us. We must start some­ Open, democratic, non-exclusive decision-making tion movement, have recognized the importance where. We must see where our oppressors are weak meetings are the best way to involve all the main of the abortion struggle. The struggle of gay wom­ and direct our fire there, in a resolute struggle to activists in any campaign, as well as to ensure en and all gay people can only be aided by draw­ win. A coalition makes it possible to carry out that all political viewpoints are represented. A ing masses of women- even those still prejudiced such a campaign in the most powerful way, because policy of one vote per organization would not against gay people- into militant struggle on the it can unite women who do not necessarily agree allow for representation of women who are active­ single issue of abortion law repeal. If these women about other campaigns which will be taking place ly involved but not affiliated with any particular are urged to join the abortion campaign on a basis simultaneously. group, nor would it -allow proper representation they can agree with, they can in the course of An action coalition around abortion is not the for activists from organizations which are the most struggle side by side with lesbian sisters become only kind of organization that is needed. All kinds involved in building the campaign. convinced on the justice of gay liberation demands. of groups are necessary- campus groups, gay Over-representation for any one political view­ In addition, many gay women who have not yet women's groups, consciousness-raising groups, point can best be prevented by widely publicizing joined the gay liberation movement may become trade-union women's caucuses, Chicana and Black the decision-making meetings so that all activists active in the abortion campaign, and through it women's groups, etc. The coalition is simply the can take part. become involved in the gay movement. best way to unite in action women from all these No one tendency or grouping can claim to "own" Of course, in the actions and demonstrations different groups and political viewpoints. the women's movement. The only way for the organized by the national abortion coalition, gay Women of all different viewpoints and back­ movement to grow and develop a perspective is if women's groups, as well as all other groups and grounds can only be aided in their1 own particular it is based upon democracy, inclusion of all wom­ individuals, should be free to distribute whatever work by a united struggle of women against their en willing to struggle, and free debate and con­ literature and carry whatever signs they wish to oppression on any one issue. The effect of adding frontation of ideas. The important thing is that put forth their particular viewpoint on abortion numerous demands as the basis of a coalition is this debate and discussion lead to a struggle and other issues. simply to narrow it by giving many conservative against women's oppression. We must get themove­ Whether or not to add more issues as the basis women or verbal "revolutionaries" an excuse not to ment into the streets and win victories.

THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 21 14, 7:30 p.m: at Boston University School of Public cialist Summer School. 706 Broadway (4th St.) Eighth prior governmental restraint." Communication, Room 206. Ausp. SWP-YSA. Par more floor. For more information, call 9S2-6051. Whatever NJxon decides to do, the information, caii536-69S1. NEW YORK: UPPER MANHATTAN basic causes for the deep division in BROOKLYN, N.Y. SOCIAUST SUMMER SCHOOL. History of the Socialist the American ruling class remain. A Calendar SERIES OF CLASSES. Socialist electoral politics, every Workers Party, Sun., July 11, 2 p.m. and Tues., July decision to prosecute, moreover, could AMHERST, MASS. Tuesday, 7 p.m. July 13-Aug. 3 at 1015 Washington 13, 7 p.m. The new radicalization: Feminism and no­ only exacerbate this division. COMMUNTY RADIO WORKSHOP. A radical analysis Ave., Apt. 6. History and organizational principles lionolism, Wed., July 14, 7 p.m. Socialist electoral The division is over whether the of current issues. Every Friday night from 7:30-8:30 of the Socialist Workers Party, every Sunday, June policy, Thurs., July 15, 7 p.m. 2744 Broadway (106th p.m. on WFCR-FM, SS.5. WFCR con be heard in near­ 13-Aug. 1, call 596-2849 lor exact time. Strategies St.) Second floor. Phone 663;3000 for details. United States can best defend the long­ ly all of -stern New England and eastern New York and tactics for the 70s, every Tuesday, 7 p.m., June range interests of imperialism by get­ State. Also on WMUA-FM, 91.1, on Tuesdays from 15-Aug. 3. Permanent revolution, every Wednesday, PHILADELPHIA ting out of Vietnam or by dragging out 6:30-7:30 p.m. 7 p.m., July 14-Aug. 4. At 136 Lawrence St. (at Wil­ THE COMBINED CHARACTER OF THE COMING AMER­ the war indefinitely in hopes of wring­ loughby). Ausp. SWP-YSA. ICAN REVOLunON. Wed., July 14, 7:30 p.m. 1004 BOSTON Filbert St. (one bh:>ck north of Market). For more i,.. ing greater concessions out of the Viet­ VOICES OF DISSENT. Wednesdays, S-9 p.m. on WTBS­ CHICAGO formation, call WAS-4316. Ausp. SWP-YSA. . namese. The NJxon administration fa­ FM. SS.l. Thursdays, S-9 p.m. on WRIB-FM, 91.7. HOW TO MAKE A REVOLUnON IN THE U.S. A series vors the latter course, and does not Wed., July 15 and Thurs., July 16: The Struggle for of dasseL History of the Socialist Workers Party­ PORTLAND intend to get out of Vietnam. The lib­ Puerto Rican Independence. Post-World War II upsurge and the McCorthyite witch­ THREE EDUCAnONAL SERIES. The Revolutionary par­ eral wing of the ruling class, for which ty, Mondays at 7:30 p.m. through Aug. 2. Marxism hunt, TueL, July 13, 7:30 p.m. The Doldrums of the the New York Times speaks, chose SOCIAUST WORKERS CAMPAIGN '71 meets every liflies-the Cochran-Pablo light and regroupment, Fri., and the struggle for notional liberation, Wednesdays Thursday at 7 p.m. at 295 Huntington Ave., Room July 16, 7:30 p.m. 180 North Wacker Drive, Room at 7:30 p.m. through Aug. 4. Marxist economic theory, to reveal the secret Pentagon docu­ 307. You ore invited! 310. For more information, coll641-0147. Ausp. SWP­ Thursdays at 7:30 p.m. through Aug. 5. Portland State ments in an effort to compel the Nixon YSA. University, Room 323SMC. For more information, call CHICAGO wing to change its· course. This divi­ 288-1063. Ausp. SWP-YSA. sion, which can be expected to widen MIUTANT LABOR FORUM. A weekly forum on topics CLEVaAND of revolutionary interest, including the women's lib­ HISTORY OF AMERICAN TROTSKYISM. A series of SAN DIEGO in the days ahead, provides an excel­ eration, antiwar, lobar and socialist movements. Fri­ classes. The Cochran light, Mon., July 19 and Wed., SUMMER EDUCAnONAL SERIES. The Russian revol~>­ lent opportunity for antiwar forces to days, S p.m. at ISO N. Wacker Drive, Room 310. July 21, 8 p.m. Debs Hall Forum, 4420 Superior. tion, Man, July 12, 7:30 p.m. Stalinism, Thurs., July mobilize even greater opposition to the Donation: Sl, students 75c. Call 641-9..WS lor further Phone 391-5553 for more information. Ausp. SWP­ 15, 7:30 p.m. History of the Trotskyist movement, aims of U.S. imperialism in Southeast details. YSA. Mon., July 19, 7:30p.m. Son Diego State College N­ Librory, Room 307. Ausp. SWP-YSA. For more infor­ Asia. LOS ANGELES DENVER tiSTORY OF THE SOCIAUST WORitERS PARTY, Imp• mation, call 286-9885. Following the Supreme Court deci­ LOS ANGELES SOCIAUST WORKERS PARTY HEAP. sion, the Times published the remain­ QUARTERS OPENING CaEBRAnON. Sot., July 24. rialism and World War II, Thurs., July 15, S p.m. Ausp. SWP-YSA. Contact Rocky Mountain Socialist Sum­ SEA mE ing sJx installments in its series of Guest speaker: Clifton DeBerry, 1970 SWP candidate THREE SUMMER SCHOOL SERIES. Revolutionary so­ for governor of New York. Refreshments served at mer School, 607 E. 13th Ave. Phone 623-9505. cialism in action-the campus orientation, Sot., July nine. The central points made in these 6:30 p.m., dinner served at 7 p.m. and program be­ 17, II a.m. Basic dilemma of capitalism, Wed., July installments were the following: gins at S:30 p.m. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. Donation: DETROIT 14, S p.m. History of the American left-sectarians S4, students S3. tiSTORY OF THE SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY. The Cochran Fight, Tues., July 13 and Wed., July 14, and economists, Thurs., July 15, S p.m. U of Wash­ e The Kennedy administration in 7:30 p.m. at Wayne State U. For further Information, ington HUB. For more information, call 523-2555. NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN 1961 apprm(ed covert warfare against call Detroit Socialist Summer School, S31-6135. Ausp. Ausp. SWP-YSA. THE NEW YORK CITY BUDGET DISASTER. Speaker: North Vietnam and approved the SWP-YSA. Howard Reed, who has contributed articles on trade overthrow of President Ngo Dinh Diem WASHINGTON, D.C. unions and New York City politics to The Militant. HOUSTON SUMMER SCHOOL SERIES. Block nationalism, Fri., July in 1963: "Our complicity in his over­ Fri., 'July 16, S p.m. at 706 Broadway (4th St.), Eighth SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Organizing the von­ 16 at S p.m. and Sot., July 17 at 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. throw heightened our responsibilities floor. Donation: Sl, h.s. students 75c. Dinner served guard party and Marxism and the struggle for worn­ The Chinese revolution, every Monday at S p.m. at 6 p.m. Ausp. Militant lobar Forum. and our commitment" in Vietnam, the en's liberation, Wed., July 14, S p.m. Foundations of through July 19. 2000 P St. N. W., Room 413. For study states. scientilic socialism, Sun., July IS, S p.m. U of Houston more information, coiiS33-9560. Ausp. SWP-YSA. Univ•sity Center. For more information, call 741- e The air war against North Viet­ 2577. Ausp. SWP-YSA. nam was widened in 1965-1966 des­ Socialist summer school pite intelligence reports that such raids ATLANTA LOSANGaES would not succeed in forcing it to cease SOCIALIST aEcnON POUCY. Moss independent worfo. SOCIAUST SUMMER SCHOOL. Dynamics of the current to resist. ing doss parties, Wed., July 14, B p.m. THE NEW radicalization in the U.S. Thurs., July 15, B p.m. The ... court FEMINIST MOVEMENT. Women in pr.class and early notional question, Sun., July lS, 4 p.m. The Transitio,.. e Following the Tet offensive in doss society, Mon., July 19, S p.m. at 1176 1/2 West al Program for •ock Liberation, Sun., July IB, S p.m. Continued from poge 5 February 1968, military officials Peachtree. Ausp. SWP-YSA. For more Information, call 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave. For more information, call uing its investigation and will prose­ sought to compel President Johnson to 463-1917 or 463-1966. S76-2330. cute all those who have violated fed­ undertake an all-out national mobi­ MADISON, WIS. eral criminal laws in connection with lization in an effort to militarily defeat AU5nN MARXIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Disintegration of the Ru .. HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLunON. Regular this matter. As further developments the national liberation forces. This set sian Revolution, Sot., July 17, 1:30 p.m. at Che Gu• classes Tuesdays and Fridays at S p.m., U of Texas occur, relative to Justice Department off a policy clash inside the govern­ voro Movement Center, 202 W. Gilman St. For more Student Union. Ausp. SWP-YSA. For more information, Information, call 256-0857. action, they will be announced at the ment that was resolved in favor of call M. Hernandez, 476-9030; or M. lunn, 474-4275. proper time." a policy of "deescalation." MINNEAPOLIS Contrary to the claims of each BAY AREA (CALIF.) For their part, senior editors of the e THE REVOLunON BETRAYED. Every Tuesday at 7:30 SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Organizational princi­ Times and the Post have publicly in­ successive U.S. administration, re­ p.m. through Aug. 3. Nationalism, feminism and the ples .of the Socialist Workers Party, Thurs., July 15, sponsibility for the sabotage of the campuses in revolt, Sot., Sun., and Mon., July 24-26. dicated that they are prepared to go S p.m. Son Francisco State College, Education build­ For more details, call 332-77S1. At 1 University N. E. to jail for having published the docu­ 1954 Geneva accords lay with the Ing. room 117. For more information, call 626-9958 (at E. Hennepin), Second floor. Ausp. SWP-YSA. ments, if it should come to that. United States, not with North Viet­ (Son Francisco) or 654-9728 (Berkeley). Ausp. SWP­ Still, the Times has made clear that nam. According to the Times account, YSA. NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN TOWARDS AN AMERICAN SOCIALIST REVOLunON. it is by no means seeking the "abso­ the Pentagon study "describes in de­ BOSTON Series 1-Entry al the Socialist Workers Party into lute right to publish anything under tail how the Eisenhower administra­ FRANCE IN REVOLunON. Series on French history the Socialist Party, Sun., July lS, 6:30 p.m. Series 2- all circumstances." In a July 1 editor­ tion sent a team of agents to carry from the 17S9 revolution to the present. The Resistance The anti-r movement today, Tues., July 13, 7:30 ial, it said that it was only seeking the out clandestine warfare against North and the French Communist Party, Sun., July IS, 7 p.m. Series 3-Third Capitalist parties, Peace and p.m. at 295 Huntington Ave., Room 307. La Razo Freedom politics and the United Socialist ticket of right to "publish these particular docu­ Vietnam from the minute the Geneva Unida Party and the Chicano movement, Wed., July 195S, Thurs., July 15, 7:30 p.m. Ausp. SWP-YSA So- ments at this particular time without conference closed." Socialist Directory ALABAMA: University: YSA, P.O. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. MASSACHUSETTS: Amherst: YSA, Box 324, Student Activities Office, NORTH CAROLINA: Chapel Hill: YSA, Box 2448, Chapel Hill, N.C. ARIZONA: Phoenix: YSA, c/o Aris Scrorlo, P.O. Box 750, Tempe, Ar­ Campus Center, U of Moss., Amherst, Moss. 01002. 27514. izona S5281. Tel: (602) 959-5932. Boston: SWP and YSA, c/o Militant lobar Forum, 295 Huntington Ave., Tucson: YSA, 410 N. 4th Ave., Tucson, Ariz. S5705. Rm. 307, Boston, Moss. 02115. Tel: (617) 536-69S1, 262-9688. OHIO: Cincinnati: YSA, c/o Sorobeth Carr, 3653 Show, Cincinnati, CALIFORNIA: Berkeley-Oololand: SWP and YSA, 3536 Telegraph Ave., Plttslield: YSA, c/o R. G. Pucko, 77 Euclid Ave., Pittalield, Moss. 01201. Ohio 45208. Tel: (513) S71-4725. Oakland, Calif. 94609. Tel: (415) 654-9728. Worcester: YSA, Box 1470, Clark U, Worcester, Moss. 01610. Socialist Oeveland: SWP and YSA, 4420 Superior Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44103. los Angeles: SWP and YSA, 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Los Angeles, Workers Campaign '71, P.O. Box97, Webster Sq. Sto., Worcester, Moss. Tel: (216) 391-5553. Calif. 90029. Tel: SWP-(213) 463-1917, YSA...:(213) 463-1966. 01603. Yellow Springs: YSA, Antioch College Union, Yellow Springs, Ohio Riverside: YSA, c/o Woody Dioz, 5724 Warren St., Arlington, Calif. 45387. 92503. MICHIGAN: Ann Arbor: YSA, P.O. Box 408, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48107. OREGON: Portland: YSA, c/o Vol Moller, 1944 N. W. Johnson, Room Sacramento: YSA, c/o Mark Lampson, 2307-A 24th Ave., Sacramento, Detroit: SWP, YSA, Eugene V. Debs Hoii,3737Woodword Ave., Detroit, 103, Portland, Ore. 97209. Calif. 95822. Mich. 48201. Tel: (313) TEI-6135. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia: SWP and YSA, 1004 Filbert St. (one Son Francisco: SWP, YSA, Militant Lobar Forum, and Pioneer Books, East Lansing: YSA, P. 0. Box 14, East lansing, Mich. 48823. block north of Market), Philadelphia, Po. 19107. Tel: (215) WAS-4316. 2338 Market St., Son Frof1cisco, Calif. 94114. Tel: (415) 626-9958. MINNESOTA: Minneopoli ..St. Paul: SWP, YSA and lobar Bookstore, RHODE ISLAND: Providence: YSA, P.O. Box 117, Annex Sto., Prov­ Son Diego: SWP, P.O. Box 15111, Son Diego, Calif. 92115. YSA, P.O. 1 University N.E. (at E. Hennepin) 2nd II., Mpls. 55413. Tel: (612) 332- idence, R.I. 02901. Tel: (.401) 863-3340. Box 151S6, Son Diego, Calif. 92115. 77S1. TENNESSEE: K_,ille: YSA, c/o Charles Kelly, Box 1S7, Melroie Hall, COLORADO: Denver: SWP, YSA and Militant Bookstore, 607 E. 13th MISSOURI: Kansas City: YSA, c/o Student Activities Office, U of Mi .. Knoxville, Tenn. 37916. Ave., Denver, Colo. S0203. Tel: (303) 623-9505. Bookstore open Mon.­ souri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rood, Kansas City, Mo. 64110. Tel: TEXAS: Austin: SWP and YSA, P. 0. Box 5586, West Austin Station, Sot., 10:30 o.m.-7 p.m. (Sl6) 924-3714. Austin, Texas 7S703. FLORIDA: Jacksonville: YSA, P.O. Box S..W9, Arlington Branch, Jackson­ NEW HAMPSHIRE: Portsmouth: YSA, P.O. Box 479, Durham, N.H. Houston: SWP, YSA and Pathfinder Books, 3806 Wheeler, Houston, ville, Flo. 32211. 03824. Texas 77004. Tel: (713) 741-2577. Tallahassee: YSA, c/o Brett Merkey, Sl4 California St., Tallahassee, NEW YORK: Binghamton: YSA, P.O. Box 1389, Horpur College, Bing­ Son Antonia: YSA, c/o P. 0. Box 774, Son Antonio, Texas 7S202. Flo. 32304. Tel: (904) 222-8776. hamton, N.Y. 13901. UTAH: Logan: YSA, c/o Doyne Goodwin, 855 North 7th St. East, Logon, Tampa: YSA, P.O. Box 9133, Tampa, Flo. 33604. Tel: (Sl3) 228-4655. Brooldyn: SWP and YSA, 136 lawrence St. (at Willoughby), Brooklyn, Utah S4321. GEORGIA: Atlanta: Militant Bookstore, 1176 1/2 West Peachtree St., N.Y. 11201. Tel: (212) 596-2849. WASHINGTON, D.C.: SWP and YSA, 2000 P St. NW, Rm. 413, Wash., SWP and YSA, P.O. Box 7S17, Atlanta, Ga. 30309. Tel: (.404) S76-2230. Long Island: YSA, P.O. Box 357, Roosevelt, L.l., N.Y. 11575. Tel: (516) D. C. 20036. Tel: (202) S33-9560. ILliNOIS: .Chicago: SWP, YSA and bookstore, lBO N. Wacker Dr., FR9-0289. WASHINGTON: Seattle: Militant Bookstore, 5257 University Way N. E., Rm. 310, Chicago, Ill. 60606. Tel: (312) 641-0147. New York City- City-wide SWP and YSA, 706 Broadway (4th St.), Seattle, Wash. 9S105. Hrs. 11 o.m.-8 p.m., Mon-Sot. Tel: (206) 523-2555. DeKalb: YSA, c/o Student Activities Center, Northern Illinois U, DeKolb, Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: (212) 9S2-8214. WISCONSIN: La Crosse: YSA, c/o431 N. 9th St., La Crosse, Wis. 54601. 111.60115. Tel: (Sl5) 753-0510 (day); (Sl5) 753-4445 (night). Lower Manhattan: SWP, YSA and Merit Bookstore, 706 Broadway Madison: YSA, 202 W. Gilman, Madison, Wis. 53703. Tel: (608) 256- INDIANA: Bloomington: YSA, c/o John Heifers, West University Apts. (4th St.), Eighth Floor, New York, N.Y. 10003. Tel: SWP- (212) 9S2- 0857. *22, Indiana U, Bloomington, Ind. 47.401. 6051, YSA-(212) 260-0976, MeritBooks-(212) 9S2-59.40. Milwaukee: YSA, c/o Tom Tank, 1314 12th Ave., Grafton, Wis. 53024. KANSAS: Lawrence: YSA, c/o Mary Bee, 402 Yorkshire, Lawrence, Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New Oshloosh: YSA, 572A Boyd St., Oshkosh, Wis. 54901. Tel: (414) 233- Kon. 66044. Tel: (913) S-43-8083. York, N.Y. 10025. Tel: (212) 663-3000. 6155.

22 Philosophen interpret the world... ~ ~rn

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THE MILITANT/ JULY 16, 1971 23 THE MILITANT

Chicago jadge impoaads iadicbaeal By STEVE CLARK improper exhortation of grand jurors Chicago Sun- Times, that "The only CHICAGO- The Cook County spe­ by Sears and prejudicial publicity. All issue pending is whether the court may cial grand jury, empaneled last winter of the plaintiffs were involved in the conclude that this grand jury was im· to investigate the murders of Illinois Dec. 4, 1969, raid on the 'tlpartment properly influenced." Black Panther leaders Fred Hampton in which Hampton was killed. Mayor Daley's powerful Democratic and Mark Clark, completed its pro­ The contempt citation would have Party organization stands.100 percent ceedings June 30. On June 24, the put the grand jury proceedings in behind the petition. And Judge Pow­ 23-member panel handed down an jeopardy, so Sears appealed it to the ers' prior acrobatics in attempting to indictment, which Chief Criminal state supreme court. obscure the issues and scuttle the in­ Court Judge Joseph A. Powers imme­ On June 23 the Illinois Supreme vestigation clearly indicate where his diately impounded pending an Aug. Court overturned the contempt ruling. sympathies lie. 5 hearing by him on a petition to The higher court's decision, however, Nonetheless, the murders of Hamp­ dismiss the grand jury proceedings. indicated that Judge Powers retained ton and Clark created a massive and Ever since April 22, when rumors the discretionary right to quash any angry response within the Black com­ of an indictment of state officials swept indictment and dismiss the panel if munity, on the campuses, and even the criminal court building, all stops in his judgment the results of the among prominent liberals and civil have been pulled by Mayor Richard grand jury proceedings would culmi­ libertarians. The facts of the incident Daley's Democratic Party machine in nate in a miscarriage of justice. The directly contradict the stories of the efforts to obstruct the grand jury pro­ court also ordered that transcripts of police and Hanrahan's office. The ceedings. Judge Powers, a former law the grand jury sessions be turned over front-page publicity the current in­ partner of Daley, charged special to Powers for his investigation and quiry has received in the Chicago prosecutor Barnabas Sears with con­ that he be allowed to meet in private press has further served to arouse tempt of court for not calling more with the panel as a whole, although public sentiment against the city and witnesses to present the state's case. not with individual members of the county officials involved in the raid Later on, lawyers representing 13 po­ panel as he had planned. and in the investigation. Fred Hampton was lcilled by Chi­ licemen and three staff assistants of As an indication that the petition Given his options- an indictment or State's Attorney Edward Hanrahan submitted by members of Hanrahan's what in the public eye would be fur­ cago cops, as was Mark Clark, filed a petition requesting dismissal office is the sole subject occupying his ther fishy maneuvering-Judge Pow­ Dec. 4, 1969. Indictment from in­ of the grand jury and quashing of mind, Powers stated to the June 30 ers will no doubt do a lot of sweating vestigation of their deaths has any indictments, on the grounds of court session, according to the July 1 over the next couple of weeks. been impounded. Postal worken vole for Jaly 15 strike By RACHEL TOWNE A June 30 strike rally held by the al strike in March 1970. After the strike rather than go into binding ar­ NEW YORK - The Manhattan-Bronx two unions drew over 6,000 members strike ended, the local leadership was bitration." In an interview with The Postal Union and Branch 36 of the to Manhattan Center. The sentiment replaced by the present leaders, elect­ Militnnt, Germano said that "Strike National Association of Letter Car­ was overwhelmingly for a strike. ed on a platform of more rank-and­ votes have been taken in many postal riers voted overwhelmingly July 1 to Chants of "strike, strike, strike" fre­ file control, the development of area­ unions in the New York area in all strike if no satisfactory agreement is quently interrupted the rally. The ral­ wide bargaining, and the attainment crafts, and all but one have been for reached on job security and money ly was addressed by M-BPU Presi­ of the demands the union went on a strike. We also have been able to by July 15. Negotiations with the Post­ dent Moe Biller; Branch 36 President strike for last year and did not win. coordinate nationally with postal al Service have been broken off, mak­ Vincent Sombrotto; Victor Gotbaum, The local is now fighting an attempt unions in other large metropolitan ing a settlement by that date highly executive director of District Council by the international to put it into trus­ areas. If there is a strike, it will be unlikely. The internationals of these 37, American Federation of State, teeship. (Under trusteeship, the elected nationwide." unions have not authorized strikes. County and Municipal Employees; and local leadership is deposed and an­ The strike vote in the M-BPU was others. other leadership is appointed by the According to Germano, their main estimated by a union official to be The M-BPU and Branch 36 have international.) demands are for "job security, a liv­ 11-to-one in favor of a strike. But a combined membership of almost40,- ing wage, and local autonomy with the ballots of Branch 36 were im­ 000, a large number of whom are If no settlement is reached on a new area-wide bargaining." The latter de­ pounded under a federal court order­ women, Black and Puerto Rican, and contract by July 15, the dispute is m and is directed against uniform pay at the instigation of international Pres­ young. supposed to go to binding arbitration. scales throughout the country, which ident James Rademacher - and no Branch 36 was the local that initiat­ But according to Tom Germano, vice­ do not reflect regional differences in count has been released. ed the unprecedented nationwide post- preside~J.t of Branch 36, the local "will the cost of living. Davis defease pelilioas federal coarl By MICHAEL SCHREIBER and effective advocate of the human tion that Magee's remarks were taking ed each day, each time that Mr. Ma­ SAN RAFAEL, Calif. -Defense coun­ and civil rights of prison inmates." too much time from "court business." gee's rights are trampled on ... be­ sel for Angela Davis announced in Howard Moore Jr., chief counsel for Magee protested by remarking, ''Mr. cause Mr. Magee and I have been court July 6 that they are petitioning the Davis defense, explained to the Harris is participating in a case in­ bound together, each time his rights to remove her case from the state press that the present motion was volving my life- I have a right to are negated and denied, my rights court of California to the federal worked out last week in consultation speak." are negated and denied." courts. The petition charges that the with codefendant Ruchell Magee. Ma­ When Arnason continued to chide The trial proceedings at the Marin state has demonstrated prejudice gee's own petition for a federal hear­ Magee on his "interruption of court County courthouse have been recessed against Davis and has conspired to ing, which has been pending since business," Magee responded, "You until the U.S. district court accepts deprive her of her constitutional rights. January, was denied in the U.S. dis­ haven't interrupted me, your Honor, or rejects Davis' petition for removal. The defense is asking the federalcourts trict court June 16 on grounds that it but you have completely disregarded to hear the case in order to show cause was "leg ally frivolous." But according me ... and [referring to his removal In the meantime, the National United why all charges should not be dis­ to Magee, this denial of a hearing is petition] disregarded the fact that you Committee to Free Angela Davis is missed due to lack of evidence. unconstitutional, and until it is grant­ have no jurisdiction over this case." issuing a new petition demanding bail The removal petition asserts that the ed, all proceedings in the state courts Davis' decision to wage her defense for Davis. The petition drive is major purpose of the state's case "is are illegal. together with Magee in the federal planned to climax with a massive na­ to drive the petitioner [Angela Davis], After Davis' petition was served on courts contradicts allegations by the tional demonstration at the end of because of her race, or color, or po­ the court, Magee quip,ped, "Now we bourgeois press of an impending split this summer. The exact date and char­ litical affiliation, from the classrooms have two petitions. They already ig­ between the two defendants. Last week, acter of the action are to be worked of the university system of the state nored mine, but see if they can ignore Davis told the courtroom that despite out in consulation with defense com­ of California, and to silence her, un­ this one." Judge Richard Arnason then the favorable emergence of a mass mittees around the country. A July 4 der color and authority of the law by offered the floor to the state prosecu­ defense movement on the outside, "The demonstration slated for Sacramento any means necessary, as an informed tor, Albert Harris, with the admoni- possibility of a fair trial is being erod- never got off the ground.

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