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Research Article JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES RESEARCH ISSN: 1819-544X Published BY AENSI Publication EISSN: 1816-157X http://www.aensiweb.com/JASR 2016 December; 12(12): pages 70-76 Open Access Journal Research Article Tolerance of new offsets from axillaries beneath leaves of Cyperus alternfollius to treat by two types of alternative water in aquaculture system. Georgena, W. R. Gabra Agriculture Research center, Horticultural Research Institute, Antoniades Garden, Alexandria, Egypt. Received 12 September 2015; accepted 26 September 2015; published 18 October 2015 Address For Correspondence: Georgena, W. R. Gabra, Agriculture Research center, Horticultural Research Institute, Antoniades Garden, Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2016 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information (AENSI Publication). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACT Nowadays, population explosion and climate change caused increased of water consumption, so application of using alternative resource water is reduce economic coast and energy, thus it is decreased environmental pollution. This experiment conducted during the summer of two successive growth seasons in 2013 and 2014 in Vadinas nursery, 24 km, Abo-talat, Alexandria- Matrowh high way, the North beach, Egypt, aimed to determinate the increase biomass from Cyperus alternfollius (Umbrella palm) cuttings and tolerance of new offsets from axillaries beneath leaves of floating plant when cultivated upside down vertical laid in transparent plastic jars which full with 1000 ml from Tap water [T.W], ground well water [W.W] from the same nursery and primary treated domestic wastewater [PTW] from " Domestic Wastewater Treatment Station, Smoha-Alex., Egypt " with these concentrations 1- control " Tap water" 2- 15% PTW 3- 25% PTW 4- 15% WW 5- 25% WW 6- 15% mix [PTW + WW+ TW] 7- 25% mix [PTW + WW+ TW] by volume respectively, [one plant /jar ] until 60 days to produce many mature offsets with new rhizomes. Jars were put in semi-shadow place. When occurred plant transpiration or water evaporation, it was increased by the same concentrations as its treatment. Statistical result showed that there were highly significant differences in a- growth parameters [number of offsets/ plant – length of the large offset - stem length – leaf length - number of leaves / offset – leaf width – mean length of small offsets – root length of the large offset – roots number/ offset – fresh and dry weight of total plant - fresh and dry weight of large offset], b- flowering characters [number and dry weight of inflorescences / large offset] and c- chemical concentration [total chlorophyll content in fresh plant leaves – N, P and K in dry total plant powder] compared with control. The highly significant value resulted from the treatment of 25% PTW followed by 25% mix in most cases. So, it is recommended to use 250 ml/L primary treated domestic wastewater or 250 ml/L mixture of primary treated domestic wastewater and ground well water addition with tap water to reduce consumption of fresh water and cause the highly growth values of new offsets of Umbrella palm. KEYWORDS: Umbrella palm - fertigation - eutrophication - biomass increment - Domestic Wastewater - alternative water - aquaculture systems To Cite This Article: Georgena, W. R. Gabra.,2016. Tolerance of new offsets from axillaries beneath leaves of Cyperus alternfollius to treat by two types of alternative water in aquaculture system. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 12(12) ;Pages: 70-76 Georgena, W. R. Gabra 2016/ Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 12(12) December 2016, Pages: 70-76 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, population explosion and climate change caused increased in water consumption, so application of using alternative resource water not only reduce economic coast and energy but also decreased the environmental pollution. The increase of water demand if not offset by the availability of adequate sources of raw water, will cause water scarcity [1]. Also in many countries, high especially in industry systems with great prices are utilized for wastewater therapy the application of which need for a particular a great quantity of money and investment [2]. At itself time, it is not therapy wastewater is being usually utilized for agriculture, maybe due to responsibility for a typical group of environments hazards and threatens human health problems [3]. Utilizing wastewater therapy in irrigation of crops due to can supply a great addition provide high-quality water for human the using up of a good resource in developing countries? There is a possibility for mineral nutrients sitting in recycled water could be utilized as a fertilizer can be obtained. To keep away from health dangers and harm to the natural environment could have therapy the wastewater before utilized for irrigation crops, also to decrease pathogenic micro-organisms and safe the human health [4; 5]. Also, Hespanhol (1999) [6] confirmed that the using of new or alternate water can be obtained is crucial may be due to elevating of possible crops production may not be earned easily by the amplification of cultivated regions. Thus, it is important to establish sustainable aquaculture systems that maximize benefits and minimize the accumulation of detrimental compounds and other types of negative impacts on both natural and social environments [7; 8]. Furthermore, surface and groundwater reaching throughout the world, are more and more influenced by pollutions from characterized by industrial, investigate essential experiments, military, and agricultural activities may be due to unawareness, shortage of seeing, indifference, or great price of waste elimination and therapy. The fast build-up of poisonous pollutants has direct effect on natural resources. Also, it causes an excellent strain on ecosystems. However, the receive an advantage of utilizing phytoremediation to return equilibrium to a stressed environment appeared to away exceed the price and the greatest barrier to the progression of phytoremediation may be due to the general objection. The high-period inclusion of green plant technology in take-off or isolating environmental pollutions could have addressed thoroughly, so it is important to proceed with caution as with all new technology Paz-Alberto and Sigua (2012) [9]. Also, Lubello et al., (2004) [10] investigated that the groundwater is the major water provenance for plantation irrigation and utilizes in the competition with water drinkable. Agronomic results showed that no main restrictions to utilize of wall water as an irrigation provenance in a tree grown for its attractive appearance plant plantation. The nutrient content of it was able to preserve perfect plant growth in addition "fertigated water" (nutrient-enriched groundwater) for could have of the examined species or uneating plants. Kiziloglu et al., (2008) [11] studied that the influences of irrigation with do not treat, and primary treatment wastewater on macro- and micronutrient apportionment within the crop and mineral content of cauliflower and red cabbage plants. Moreover, troubles with wastewater behavior in dried regions can be reduced by utilizing treated wastewater for irrigation. In the situation of soils with poor fertility, it is a significant provenance of nutrients for yield production [12]. However, the influences of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and nitrogen fertilizer implementations on sunflower plant growth, water, and nitrogen balance components and nitrogen leaching to groundwater. The conclusion recommended that, wastewater can be used as valuable source of irrigation without contaminating groundwater. However, this quality of wastewater can replace only a small portion of plant N requirements. The objective of this research was to study the influences of treated wastewater and artesian well water on plant growth properties in addition collection of macronutrient in plant tissues [13]. Umbrella plants have unique organs equipped with remarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport systems that can take up nutrients or contaminants selectively from the growth matrix, soil or water [9]. The selection of plants is an important matter it must be tolerant to toxicity and the changes in the entering wastewater characters [14]. Family Cyperaceae are the third largest family in the Monocotyledons and comprise c. 104 genera and c. 5000 species. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with a concentration of genera in the tropics. The second-largest genus is Cyperus with c. 600 species; Cyperaceae have an economic significance worldwide [15]. Liao et al., (2005 a) [16] said Umbrella sedge or umbrella palm whose scientific name is Cyperus alternifolius is an herb which grows in moist regions. Their blooming stage is summer and the maturing stage in autumn. It can be easily multiplied utilizing seeds and plant division or cuttings. Normally, 3-5 divisions can be utilized for planting as a group in spring. The achene of the umbrella in every autumn can improve into a seedling in moist regions. Umbrella is elevated and can shape a good landscape. So, it is utilized for landscaping, aquaria, jardinières, fencing, paper, hat, basket making, and it could be utilized as a cover plant for keeping decline from soil erosion [17]. So, Shahi et al., (2013) [18] showed that Cyperus alternifolius plant had higher tolerance of chemical pollutants when grown in municipal wastewater
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