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Use of a Hybrid MCDM-GIS Model for Planning and Ranking Rural Service Centers: Case Study: Central Zone of the Indica County

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Use of a Hybrid MCDM-GIS Model for Planning and Ranking Rural Service Centers: Case Study: Central Zone of the Indica County Advances in Research 8(1): 1-11, 2016, Article no.AIR.28727 ISSN: 2348-0394, NLM ID: 101666096 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Use of a Hybrid MCDM-GIS Model for Planning and Ranking Rural Service Centers: Case Study: Central Zone of the Indica County Amir Bastaminia1*, Omran Kohzadi2, Morteza Omidipour3, Eisa Miri4 and Hamid Partoo5 1Department of Geography and Urban Planning, School of Humanities, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran. 2Department of Urban Development and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Shoshtar Branch, Shoshtar, Iran. 3Department of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 4Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran. 5Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author AB conceived and designed the project. Authors MO, EM and HP acquired the data. Authors AB and OK analyzed and interpreted the data. Authors AB and MO wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AIR/2016/28727 Editor(s): (1) Michel Mainguenaud, LITIS Laboratory, National Institute of Applied Sciences of Rouen, University Avenue, France. Reviewers: (1) M. L. Akinyemi, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria. (2) Anonymous, University of Nevada, USA. (3) Neha Bansal, Sardar Patel University, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/16094 Received 2nd August 2016 Accepted 1st September 2016 Original Research Article Published 8th September 2016 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop a method for spatial zoning and the establishment of rural service centers in the central zone of Indica county with consideration of environmental, social, and economic criteria. The research type is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. First, using the Delphi method, the most important factors influenced in the establishment of rural service centers were identified. Boolean logic was used to assess the status of existing settlement centers, and hybrid MCDM_ GIS method was used to plan for the establishment of new rural service _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Bastaminia et al.; AIR, 8(1): 1-11, 2016; Article no.AIR.28727 centers. Finally, results of the research proposed a model for organizing the establishment of rural service centers in the study area. The analysis of the identified zones suggests that the areas which were more populated and had higher levels of infrastructure facilities and services were located in the most suitable zones. Moreover, among the natural factors, the land slope played the greatest role in selecting a location for the establishment of a rural service center. Keywords: Rural service centers; MCDM-GIS model; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Indica; Delphi method. 1. INTRODUCTION the lack of a unified and coordinated model to organize the hierarchy of the rural service One of the main reasons for the backwardness of centers in the mentioned zone of Indica county. rural areas which discourages rural population to The results of this research can be utilized in remain in such areas is the weaknesses of order to fulfill the objectives of rural development. service delivery centers or lack of people’s easy Accordingly, we evaluated various economic, access to the service centers, because rural social, and environmental aspects and utilized service centers play an important role in appropriate models and techniques to propose a providing facilities and services for the villages model for the establishment of rural service under their coverage. In view of that, rural providers in the area under the study. The service providers are considered as a platform objectives of this research were to promote equal for mobility which increases people’s desire to access to services in rural areas, expand and live in rural areas [1]. As one of the policies for develop the concept of spatial justice, and utilize rural development planning, it is necessary to optimized procedures for the establishment of identify and enhance service networks in rural rural service centers in the studied area. areas and to manage related facilities and services, because it not only helps to optimize 2. BACKGROUND the distribution of resources in rural areas, but also leads to the physical integrity and the right The first research that was systematically spatial structure of rural settlements [2]. To conducted to promote the delivery of service in develop rural areas in the future and to optimize rural areas in various fields of health, education, the process of locating service centers in rural agriculture, etc. was a 24-volume report which areas, it is essential to consider the capabilities was conducted and prepared by Setcop of each region and make careful planning for the Consulting Engineers Co, in collaboration with most convenient location at the lowest cost [3]. Partia consulting engineers Co [5]. This study was about the development of Khorasan Today, with the progress of geographic Province and was carried out in 1972. information systems (GIS), it has become Considering natural and human factors, this possible to store, organize, process, and manage document suggested three main levels for the large volumes of spatial and descriptive classification of rural areas including: primary, information. These systems, due to their intermediate, and central villages. characteristics, are used by a wide range of users, engineers, and specialists from different Yasori [6], Conducted a study entitled “hierarchy fields of science [4]. Given the difficulties in of rural settlements and ranking rural services (a people’s access to services in the area under the case study of Sarakhs County)”. Using field data, study and because of the effectiveness of GIS in expert’s opinions, and GIS, this study assessed this field, it seemed necessary to utilize this the hierarchical level of rural settlements and system in order to meet the practical and rural services and classified them into galaxies, scientific needs of this research. collections, zones, and subsidiaries. The study also provided the related maps. This study was conducted on the villages located in the central zone of Indica county because they Shayan [7] presented the results of a study on are not only faced with dispersion, deprivation, ranking rural service centers in Mashhad County difficulties in providing services, infrastructure in 2003. This study was aimed to enhance and problems, lack of proper development of strengthen the performance of service centers, economic activities, and difficulties in people’s increase effective access to services, create access to rural service centers, but also there is more links between rural settlements, and make 2 Bastaminia et al.; AIR, 8(1): 1-11, 2016; Article no.AIR.28727 a relative balance between urban and rural areas convinced that the process of locating in terms of the ranks of rural services in Mashhad infrastructure services and facilities play an County. important role in the development of rural areas in these countries. In addition, it is proved that Mahdavi and Karimzadeh [8] conducted a study improving rural communities' access to basic entitled "Zoning central part of Vazraqan County services is an important tool in accelerating the for rural service centers". Taking into regional development. Now, it has been fully consideration natural and human factors, the accepted that locating services not only can study tried to locate rural service centers in order influence the operation efficiency, but also can to achieve a better distribution of services in rural affect the related costs and quality [12]. Based areas. The results of this study indicate that on such a framework, each of the centers at villages which are located in relatively flat areas different levels, depending on their capabilities benefit from infrastructure facilities and services and functions, differ from other centers in many more than their surrounding villages and have ways. As a result, in order to assess every more favorable conditions for the establishment center, first it is necessary to consider the level of of rural service centers. specialty, functions, quality, and spatial scope of services, then it is essential to evaluate the Azghami and Hashjin [9] conducted a study functionality and contributions that each center entitled “Planning for development of rural can made in fulfilling the basic needs of services from a geographical perspective (a case consumers in a rural area and investigate how study of Tolam in Somesara County)”. The they provide economic, social, and cultural researchers tried to propose a plan for the services [13]. development of rural services while focusing on geographical factors and they concluded that the 3.1 Multiple Criteria Decision Making studied zone was faced with the lack of services (MCDM) Methods in the area; moreover, the distribution of service centers and their performance were not Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) or homogenous across the studied area. In multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a addition, in villages far from the central part of sub-discipline of operations research that rural galaxy and sub-galaxy there was a explicitly considers multiple
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