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The Types, Roles, and Practices of Documentation in Data Analytics Open Source Software Libraries
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-018-9333-1 © The Author(s) 2018 The Types, Roles, and Practices of Documentation in Data Analytics Open Source Software Libraries A Collaborative Ethnography of Documentation Work R. Stuart Geiger1 , Nelle Varoquaux1,2 , Charlotte Mazel-Cabasse1 & Chris Holdgraf1,3 1Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, 190 Doe Library, Berkeley, CA, 94730, USA (E-mail: [email protected]); 2Department of Statistics, Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 3Berkeley Institute for Data Science, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA Abstract. Computational research and data analytics increasingly relies on complex ecosystems of open source software (OSS) “libraries” – curated collections of reusable code that programmers import to perform a specific task. Software documentation for these libraries is crucial in helping programmers/analysts know what libraries are available and how to use them. Yet documentation for open source software libraries is widely considered low-quality. This article is a collaboration between CSCW researchers and contributors to data analytics OSS libraries, based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews. We examine several issues around the formats, practices, and challenges around documentation in these largely volunteer-based projects. There are many dif- ferent kinds and formats of documentation that exist around such libraries, which play a variety of educational, promotional, and organizational roles. The work behind documentation is similarly multifaceted, including writing, reviewing, maintaining, and organizing documentation. Different aspects of documentation work require contributors to have different sets of skills and overcome various social and technical barriers. -
The Snap Framework: a Web Toolkit for Haskell
The Functional Web The Snap Framework A Web Toolkit for Haskell Gregory Collins • Google Switzerland Doug Beardsley • Karamaan Group askell is an advanced functional pro- the same inputs, always produce the same out- gramming language. The product of more put. This property means that you almost always H than 20 years of research, it enables rapid decompose a Haskell program into smaller con- development of robust, concise, and fast soft- stituent parts that you can test independently. ware. Haskell supports integration with other Haskell’s ecosystem also includes many power- languages and has loads of built-in concurrency, ful testing and code-coverage tools. parallelism primitives, and rich libraries. With Haskell also comes out of the box with a set its state-of-the-art testing tools and an active of easy-to-use primitives for parallel and con- community, Haskell makes it easier to produce current programming and for performance pro- flexible, maintainable, high-quality software. filing and tuning. Applications built with GHC The most popular Haskell implementation is enjoy solid multicore performance and can han- the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC), a high- dle hundreds of thousands of concurrent net- performance optimizing native-code compiler. work connections. We’ve been delighted to find Here, we look at Snap, a Web-development that Haskell really shines for Web programming. framework for Haskell. Snap combines many other Web-development environments’ best fea- What’s Snap? tures: writing Web code in an expressive high- Snap offers programmers a simple, expressive level language, a rapid development cycle, fast Web programming interface at roughly the same performance for native code, and easy deploy- level of abstraction as Java servlets. -
What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell
What I Wish I Knew When Learning Haskell Stephen Diehl 2 Version This is the fifth major draft of this document since 2009. All versions of this text are freely available onmywebsite: 1. HTML Version http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/index.html 2. PDF Version http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/tutorial.pdf 3. EPUB Version http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/tutorial.epub 4. Kindle Version http://dev.stephendiehl.com/hask/tutorial.mobi Pull requests are always accepted for fixes and additional content. The only way this document will stayupto date and accurate through the kindness of readers like you and community patches and pull requests on Github. https://github.com/sdiehl/wiwinwlh Publish Date: March 3, 2020 Git Commit: 77482103ff953a8f189a050c4271919846a56612 Author This text is authored by Stephen Diehl. 1. Web: www.stephendiehl.com 2. Twitter: https://twitter.com/smdiehl 3. Github: https://github.com/sdiehl Special thanks to Erik Aker for copyediting assistance. Copyright © 20092020 Stephen Diehl This code included in the text is dedicated to the public domain. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform thecode, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. You may distribute this text in its full form freely, but may not reauthor or sublicense this work. Any reproductions of major portions of the text must include attribution. The software is provided ”as is”, without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including But not limitedtothe warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall the authorsor copyright holders be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, Arising from, out of or in connection with the software or the use or other dealings in the software. -
Not All Patterns, but Enough
Not All Patterns, But Enough Neil Mitchell, Colin Runciman York University Catch An Example • Is the following code safe?* risers :: Ord α→[α] → [[α]] risers [] = [] risers [x] = [[x]] risers (x:y:etc) = if x ≤ y then (x:s) : ss else [x] : (s : ss) where s:ss = risers (y : etc) > risers “Haskell” = [“Has”,“k”,“ell”] * Only people who haven’t seen this example in the paper! Using Catch > catch risers.hs Incomplete pattern on line 6 Program is safe • Catch is the associated implementation • Catch has proven the program is safe • Without any annotations The Pattern-Matching problem • Will a program crash when run? • May call error directly: error “doh!” • May call error indirectly: head [] • Partial pattern match: case False of True → 1 • GHC can warn on partial patterns • Catch conservatively checks a program will not crash at runtime • Even in the presence of partial patterns How Catch works First convert Haskell to first-order Core, using Yhc and Firstify Checker Exact Operates on first-order (ignoring laziness) Core language 3 constraint operators Constraint Language Conservative Describes a (possibly infinite) set of values Can replace constraint language Checker Terms • A constraint describes a set of values • x is a (:)-constructed value • A precondition is a constraint on arguments • In head x, x must be (:)-constructed • An entailment is a constraint on arguments to ensure a constraint on the result • If x is (:)-constructed, null x is False Checker Types • Opaque constraint type • data Constraint = … • Does an expression satisfy -
Haddock User Guide I
Haddock User Guide i Haddock User Guide Haddock User Guide ii Copyright © 2004 Simon Marlow Haddock User Guide iii COLLABORATORS TITLE : Haddock User Guide ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE WRITTEN BY Simon Marlow 2004-08-02 REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION NAME Haddock User Guide iv Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Obtaining Haddock . .1 1.2 License . .2 1.3 Acknowledgements . .2 2 Invoking Haddock 3 2.1 Using literate or pre-processed source . .6 3 Documentation and Markup 7 3.1 Documenting a top-level declaration . .7 3.2 Documenting parts of a declaration . .8 3.2.1 Class methods . .8 3.2.2 Constructors and record fields . .8 3.2.3 Function arguments . .9 3.3 The module description . .9 3.4 Controlling the documentation structure . .9 3.4.1 Re-exporting an entire module . 10 3.4.2 Omitting the export list . 10 3.5 Named chunks of documentation . 11 3.6 Hyperlinking and re-exported entities . 11 3.7 Module Attributes . 12 3.8 Markup . 12 3.8.1 Paragraphs . 12 3.8.2 Special characters . 12 3.8.3 Character references . 13 3.8.4 Code Blocks . 13 3.8.5 Hyperlinked Identifiers . 13 3.8.6 Emphasis and Monospaced text . 13 3.8.7 Linking to modules . 14 3.8.8 Itemized and Enumerated lists . 14 3.8.9 Definition lists . 14 3.8.10 URLs . 14 3.8.11 Anchors . 14 Haddock User Guide v 4 Index 15 Abstract This document describes Haddock version 2.6.1, a Haskell documentation tool. Haddock User Guide 1 / 15 Chapter 1 Introduction This is Haddock, a tool for automatically generating documentation from annotated Haskell source code. -
The Haskell Cabal
The Haskell Cabal A Common Architecture for Building Applications and Tools Isaac Jones Simon Peyton Jones Simon Marlow Malcolm Wallace Ross Patterson The Haskell Library and Tools Infrastructure Project is an effort to provide a framework for developers to more effectively contribute their software to the Haskell community. This document specifies the Common Architecture for Building Applications and Tools(Cabal), which contributes to the goals of the Haskell Library and Tools Infrastructure Project. Specifically, the Cabal describes what a Haskell package is, how these packages interact with the language, and what Haskell implementations must to do to support packages. The Cabal also specifies some infrastructure (code) that makes it easy for tool authors to build and distribute conforming packages. The Cabal is only one contribution to the Library Infrastructure project. In particular, the Cabal says nothing about more global issues such as how authors decide where in the module name space their library should live; how users can find a package they want; how orphan packages find new owners; and so on. The Cabal has been discussed by the implementors of GHC, Nhc98, and Hugs, all of whom are prepared to implement it. The proposal is now open for wider debate. Please contribute by emailing <[email protected]>. 1 The Haskell Cabal 1. The Haskell Package System: goals The Haskell Package System (Cabal) has the following main goal: to specify a standard way in which a Haskell tool can be packaged, so that it is easy for consumers to use it, or re-package it, regardless of the Haskell implementation or installation platform. -
Haskhol: a Haskell Hosted Domain Specific Language for Higher-Order
HaskHOL: A Haskell Hosted Domain Specific Language for Higher-Order Logic Theorem Proving BY c 2011 Evan Christopher Austin Submitted to the graduate degree program in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Chairperson Dr. Perry Alexander Dr. Andy Gill Dr. Arvin Agah Date Defended: July 26, 2011 The Thesis Committee for Evan Christopher Austin certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: HaskHOL: A Haskell Hosted Domain Specific Language for Higher-Order Logic Theorem Proving Chairperson Dr. Perry Alexander Date Approved: July 26, 2011 ii Abstract HaskHOL is an implementation of a HOL theorem proving capability in Haskell. Motivated by a need to integrate theorem proving capabilities into a Haskell-based tool suite, HaskHOL began as a simple port of HOL Light to Haskell. However, Haskell's laziness, immutable data, and monadic extensions both complicate an implementation and enable a new feature class. This thesis describes HaskHOL, its motivation and implementation. Its use to implement a primitive, interactive theorem prover is explored and its performance is evaluated using a collection of intuitionistically valid problems. iii Acknowledgements Dr. Perry Alexander has served as a constant inspiration, mentor, and friend since very early in my college career. His guidance and the myriad of opportunities he has afforded me have kindled a passion for formal methods research that I can honestly say I would not have had otherwise. Dr. Andy Gill was the first professor I had at KU who challenged me to go above and beyond what was required for a course. -
Hassling with the IDE - for Haskell
Hassling with the IDE - for Haskell This guide is for students that are new to the Haskell language and are in need for a proper Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to work on the projects of the course. This guide is intended for Windows users. It may work similarly on Linux and iOS. For more information, see: - https://www.haskell.org/platform/mac.html for iOS - https://www.haskell.org/downloads/linux/ for Linux For any errors, please contact me at [email protected]. Changelog 04/09/2019 Initial version 24/08/2020 Updated contents for the year 2020 / 2021, thanks to Bernadet for pointing it out 1. Installing Visual Studio Code Visual Studio Code (VSC) is a lightweight, but rather extensive, code editor. We’ll talk about its features throughout this guide. You can download VSC at: https://code.visualstudio.com/download Once installed, take note of the sidebar on the left. From top to bottom, it contains: - Explorer (Ctrl + Shift + E) - Search (Ctrl + Shift + F) - Source control (Ctrl + Shift + G) - Debug (Ctrl + Shift + D) - Extensions (Ctrl + Shift + X) The bold options are important to remember. They will be mentioned throughout this document. 2. Installing GHC (and stack / cabal) on Windows Download the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). This compiler is used throughout this course and any other course that uses Haskell. You can find its download instructions at: https://www.haskell.org/platform/windows.html The download link recommends you to use Chocolatey. Chocolatey is an open source project that provides developers and admins alike a better way to manage Windows software. -
Eclipsefp & Leksah
EclipseFP & Leksah TAIMO PEELO 20.05.2009 EclipseFP • plugin for eclipse IDE platform • goal is to support all kinds of functional programming languages in Eclipse • current subprojects – Haskell module – Common module – Cohatoe module – OCaml module (admittedly dead) Downloading EclipseFP • http://eclipsefp.sourceforge.net/ – bit inactive, latest integration build 14 Sep 2008 – see downloads section • natural choice: try the latest – current prerequisites • JVM >= 5.0 • eclipse >= 3.2 • ghc ? – I had 6.8.2 Installing EclipseFP • downloaded the archive, followed the instructions – no dice, nothing new in Eclipse • argh, trying with update site then – http://eclipsefp.sf.net/updates – older version only, 0.10.0 Using EclipseFP • Help → Contents → Functional Programming • File → New Project → Haskell Project – ... and create new haskell module :) • first things noticed – error reporting not exhaustive – autocompletion (code assist) dumb – run in GHCi /hugs does nothing – “navigate to” (ctrl + click) not present!? Still Using EclipseFP • Haddock documentation generation – File → Export → Other → Haddock documentation Mysterious Cohatoe • that bastard is not installed with EclipseFP : – ... and is not available from update site – version 0.12.0 distributed as update site archive at • http://eclipsefp.sourceforge.net/cohatoe/index.html • contains runtime, SDK and examples • “but what does it do, mummy?” – Help → Contents → Cohatoe ... – "Contributing Haskell (code) to Eclipse"” Catching of the Cohatoe • Cohatoe Examples menu appeared... • EclipseFP has broken link to cohatoe-api – google for cohatoe-api_1.0.0.zip • Leif Frenzel has written Cohatoe quickstart – http://cohatoe.blogspot.com/ Taming of the Cohatoe • ps ax | grep haskell – haskellserver 57053 /usr/lib/ghc-6.8.2 – the beast is running :) Basic Cohatoe • Eclipse plugin extensions :) • consider Haskell function – doSmthWith :: String → String – .. -
Extrapolate: Generalizing Counterexamples of Functional Test Properties
This is a repository copy of Extrapolate: generalizing counterexamples of functional test properties. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129498/ Version: Accepted Version Proceedings Paper: Braquehais, Rudy and Runciman, Colin orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-3233 (Accepted: 2018) Extrapolate: generalizing counterexamples of functional test properties. In: IFL 2017: 29th Symposium on the Implementation and Application of Functional Programming Languages. ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY , New York . (In Press) Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Extrapolate: generalizing counterexamples of functional test properties Rudy Braquehais Colin Runciman University of York, UK University of York, UK [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT properties in Haskell. Several example applications demonstrate This paper presents a new tool called Extrapolate that automatically the effectiveness of Extrapolate. generalizes counterexamples found by property-based testing in Example 1.1. Consider the following faulty sort function: Haskell. -
The Haskell Cabal
The Haskell Cabal A Common Architecture for Building Applications and Tools Isaac Jones Simon Peyton Jones Simon Marlow Malcolm Wallace Ross Patterson The Haskell Library and Tools Infrastructure Project is an effort to provide a framework for developers to more effectively contribute their software to the Haskell community. This document specifies the Common Architecture for Building Applications and Tools(Cabal), which contributes to the goals of the Haskell Library and Tools Infrastructure Project. Specifically, the Cabal describes what a Haskell package is, how these packages interact with the language, and what Haskell implementations must to do to support packages. The Cabal also specifies some infrastructure (code) that makes it easy for tool authors to build and distribute conforming packages. The Cabal is only one contribution to the Library Infrastructure project. In particular, the Cabal says nothing about more global issues such as how authors decide where in the module name space their library should live; how users can find a package they want; how orphan packages find new owners; and so on. The Cabal has been discussed by the implementors of GHC, Nhc98, and Hugs, all of whom are prepared to implement it. The proposal is now open for wider debate. Please contribute by emailing <[email protected]>. 1. The Haskell Package System: goals The Haskell Package System (Cabal) has the following main goal: to specify a standard way in which a Haskell tool can be packaged, so that it is easy for consumers to use it, or re-package it, regardless of the Haskell 1 The Haskell Cabal implementation or installation platform. -
The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User's Guide
The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User’s Guide, Version 7.0.3 i The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User’s Guide, Version 7.0.3 The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User’s Guide, Version 7.0.3 ii COLLABORATORS TITLE : The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User’s Guide, Version 7.0.3 ACTION NAME DATE SIGNATURE WRITTEN BY The GHC Team March 27, 2011 REVISION HISTORY NUMBER DATE DESCRIPTION NAME The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System User’s Guide, Version 7.0.3 iii Contents 1 Introduction to GHC 1 1.1 Obtaining GHC . .1 1.2 Meta-information: Web sites, mailing lists, etc. .1 1.3 Reporting bugs in GHC . .2 1.4 GHC version numbering policy . .2 1.5 Release notes for version 7.0.3 . .3 1.6 Release notes for version 7.0.2 . .3 1.6.1 Compiler . .3 1.6.2 GHCi . .3 1.6.3 Runtime system . .4 1.6.4 Build system . .4 1.6.5 Haddock . .4 1.6.6 Libraries . .4 1.6.6.1 array . .4 1.6.6.2 base . .4 1.6.6.3 bin-package-db . .4 1.6.6.4 bytestring . .4 1.6.6.5 Cabal . .4 1.6.6.6 containers . .4 1.6.6.7 directory . .5 1.6.6.8 extensible-exceptions . .5 1.6.6.9 filepath . .5 1.6.6.10 ghc-binary . .5 1.6.6.11 ghc-prim . .5 1.6.6.12 haskell98 . .5 1.6.6.13 haskell2010 . .5 1.6.6.14 hpc .