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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 Ring Road Alignment For Thuraiyur Using GIS T.Subramani1, N.Elavarasi 2, S.Priyanka3 1Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India 2PG Student Of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India 3UG Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India Abstract more dependent on public transport than small cities, the Design of ring road deals with the development of a need for public transport services has increased faster than comprehensive plan for Construction and operation of overall population growth.” transportation facilities. In order to develop efficient and better transport facility, it is necessary to have a proper procedure 1.2 Objectives transport movement. This ring road helps to a great extent in The main objective of the present study is improving the safe and fast movement of both human and To evaluate shortest path using various thematic map goods traffic, thereby increasing the economy of the City. The first and foremost step is reducing the traffic for the particular generations. route by diverting the density of the vehicles to enhance the safe To allocate safest bus stop transport and environmental pollution. This project deals with the traffic problem of the Thuraiyur city and provides better 2. STUDY AREA transportation. In this project GIS is used for surveying, for Tiruchirappalli district is an important region in the state preparing Contour maps, for developing three dimensional and had been aCentre of activities for many historical Digital Elevation Models, for various types of route alignments events from the days of the early Cholas. The study area, and for estimation of cutting and filling volumes. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to locate a suitable less route Thuraiyur and Uppiliapuram block, Tiruchirappalli district, between two points. The GIS approach using ground Tamilnadu. Their search work is to make a groundwater parameters and spatial analysis provided to achieve this goal. potential and groundwater quality assessment using GIS, Raster based map analysis provide a wealth of capabilities for based on the remote sensing and available physico- incorporating terrain information surrounding linear chemical data from 76 locations in Thuraiyur and infrastructure. Costs resulting from terrain, geomorphology, Uppiliapuram block of Tiruchirappalli district. Data being land use, drainage and elevation resulting low cost estimation used Landsat ETM data (Path 143 and Row 52); Water for implementing the shortest routes for the study area. Finally quality data from CGWB; Soil Map from NBSS & LUP Ring road for Thuraiyur city of 20kms all around which Nagpur Survey of India Toposheet No 58I/7,8,11,12, connect the major roads of bye pass was formulated. latitude 78o 28’to 78o 45’E, longitude 11o 5’to 11o 20’N. Software used Arc GIS 9.3.1 surfer 9.0.India is the seventh Keywords: Ring Road , Alignment, Thuraiyur, Using GIS largest country in the world in terms of area. Its total areais 3287263 sq. km, which constitutes about 2 per cent of the total land area in theworld. In 2001, the population of India 1.INTRODUCTION was counted to be about 1027 million(1,02,70,15,247 1.1 General persons) of which 528 million (52,82,77,078 persons) are Transport demand in most Indian cities has increased malesand 498 million (49,87,38,169 persons) are females. significantly, due to increases in population as a result of The density of population is267 per sq. km that is high by both natural increase and migration from rural areas and any standard. This is because the size of the Tiruchirappalli smaller towns. Fast growth of India’s population like other known as the Rock City is the geographical centre ofTamil developing countries has triggered a greater need for well Nadu. It lies 320 km to the south of Chennai and 128 km organized public transport service to carry many fromMadurai on the banks of the River Cauvery. A famous passengers through overcrowded and congested urban landmark is the RockFort, which also houses Pallava areas.“By 2001 over 285 million Indians lived in cities, sculptures in the Central temple of RockFort. Several more than in all North American cities combined (Office churches were built by Danish Missionaries. Also there of the Registrar General of India 2001).There has been aresplendid Muslim antiquities and mosques. It easily especially rapid growth of the very largest metropolitan connects the otherimportant centres of the State and the areas such as Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta), and country by road, rail and air. TheRiver Cauvery which Delhi, which now exceed 10 million residents each. traverses through the central portion, brings green to Chennai (Madras), Hyderabad, Ahmadabad, and Bangalore thedistrict. Climate is tropical and Tamil is the local each have more than 5 million residents. And 35 spoken language. The economy ofthe district is essentially metropolitan areas have populations exceeding 1 million, agrarian in character. The setting up of Bharath almost twice as many as in 1991. Since large cities are far Volume 6, Issue 3, May – June 2017 Page 241 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 HeavyElectricals Limited (BHEL) at Tiruverambur has 3.METHODOLOGY provided a base for industrialexpansion. Figure.3 shows methodology adopted in this study Tiruchirappalli district with an area of 11096 sq. km as per Census of India 2001 is stretching between 10 and 11.30 of the northern latitude and 74.853 of theeastern longitude. Altitude is 78 m above sea level. The district is bounded byNamakkal and Perambalur districts on the north, Thanjavur and Pudukkottai on theeast, Sivagangai, Madurai and Dindigul districts on the south and Karur district onthe west. It is not only an inland district without any coastal line but also mostcentrally located district in the State. The district has no marked natural divisions. Figure 1 shows Toposheet for Tamilnadu. Figure 2 shows Toposheet for Trichy Figure.3. Methodology 4. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS STUDIES 4.1 Introduction Remote Sensing is a science and art of collection of data or information about physical objects by measuring radiations emitted by the objects actively or passively, emitted or Figure 1 Toposheet for Tamilnadu reflected by sensor. If you heard the term “remote sensing”, it’s a rather simple, familiar activity that we all do as a matter of daily life but that gets complicated when we increase the scale. The surface objects were distinguished by their spectral signatures in a remote sensing data. The captured data of a surface objects by sensor devices may be emitted of reflected it varies from object to object and also depends on nature, composition and condition of objects. Remote Sensing is most useful for geologists, hydrologists and for all sort fields including medical and socioeconomic field. The raw remote sensing data can be used directly for geological application because it does not contain the subsurface information for visualization. Indirect evidences for subsurface structure, geodynamics, geomorphic units and drainage can be used for various themes in GIS analysis. In the present study IRS P6 LISS III, satellite imagery of the study area is used to interpret the structures, geomorphic units, Land use – Land cover and drainage pattern. Visual interpretation and digital image processing techniques are available for identification and interpretation of different features in satellite data. Figure 2 Toposheet for Trichy Volume 6, Issue 3, May – June 2017 Page 242 International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 4.2 Data Acquisition techniques. The image processing software package ENVI The IRS P6 LISS III data were obtained from National 4.3 utilized for these digital analysis. Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) in GeoTiff format, The image processing technique includes- where the different band data are stored as line by line. Pre-processing such as merging, windowing and The image have been imported in a general raster format generation of histograms and registration of image. through the ENVI 4.3 software and stored as ENVI raster Image Rectification and Restoration. map files. The salient features of the satellite data are False Color Composite. given in Table 1. 4.4.1 Generation Of FCC 4.3 Processing Of Digital Data Generation of composite imagery is fundamental technique The digital data obtained by remote sensing satellites for visual analysis. Composite images are created out of consist of two dimensional arrays of pixels depicting the three bands of satellite imagery, which are applied to the spatial variation in brightness over an area. Due to RGB colour scheme to make fullest use the capabilities of topographic factors and variation in atmospheric the human eye. For the interpretation of images True conditions, the digital images invariably contain some Colour Composite (TCC) (natural colour) and False Colour geometric and radiometric distortions. Thus it needs to be Composite (any combination other than TCC) are used. To pre-processed to obtain useful information about our make standard FCC green band is given blue colour, red objects of interest. The corrected image is then subjected band is given green colour and IR band is given red colour. to various image processing operations like colour coding, Generated FCC. Figure 4 shows Thematic map. Figure 5 is classification etc., to extract information from the image.