International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856

Ring Road Alignment For Thuraiyur Using GIS

T.Subramani1, N.Elavarasi 2, S.Priyanka3

1Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem,

2PG Student Of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India

3UG Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India

Abstract more dependent on public transport than small cities, the Design of ring road deals with the development of a need for public transport services has increased faster than comprehensive plan for Construction and operation of overall population growth.” transportation facilities. In order to develop efficient and better transport facility, it is necessary to have a proper procedure 1.2 Objectives transport movement. This ring road helps to a great extent in The main objective of the present study is improving the safe and fast movement of both human and  To evaluate shortest path using various thematic map goods traffic, thereby increasing the economy of the City. The first and foremost step is reducing the traffic for the particular generations. route by diverting the density of the vehicles to enhance the safe  To allocate safest bus stop transport and environmental pollution. This project deals with the traffic problem of the Thuraiyur city and provides better 2. STUDY AREA transportation. In this project GIS is used for surveying, for district is an important region in the state preparing Contour maps, for developing three dimensional and had been aCentre of activities for many historical Digital Elevation Models, for various types of route alignments events from the days of the early Cholas. The study area, and for estimation of cutting and filling volumes. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to locate a suitable less route Thuraiyur and Uppiliapuram block, , between two points. The GIS approach using ground Tamilnadu. Their search work is to make a groundwater parameters and spatial analysis provided to achieve this goal. potential and groundwater quality assessment using GIS, Raster based map analysis provide a wealth of capabilities for based on the remote sensing and available physico- incorporating terrain information surrounding linear chemical data from 76 locations in Thuraiyur and infrastructure. Costs resulting from terrain, geomorphology, Uppiliapuram block of Tiruchirappalli district. Data being land use, drainage and elevation resulting low cost estimation used Landsat ETM data (Path 143 and Row 52); Water for implementing the shortest routes for the study area. Finally quality data from CGWB; Soil Map from NBSS & LUP Ring road for Thuraiyur city of 20kms all around which Nagpur Survey of India Toposheet No 58I/7,8,11,12, connect the major roads of bye pass was formulated. latitude 78o 28’to 78o 45’E, longitude 11o 5’to 11o 20’N. Keywords: Ring Road , Alignment, Thuraiyur, Using Software used Arc GIS 9.3.1 surfer 9.0.India is the seventh GIS largest country in the world in terms of area. Its total areais 3287263 sq. km, which constitutes about 2 per cent of the total land area in theworld. In 2001, the population of India 1.INTRODUCTION was counted to be about 1027 million(1,02,70,15,247 1.1 General persons) of which 528 million (52,82,77,078 persons) are Transport demand in most Indian cities has increased malesand 498 million (49,87,38,169 persons) are females. significantly, due to increases in population as a result of The density of population is267 per sq. km that is high by both natural increase and migration from rural areas and any standard. This is because the size of the Tiruchirappalli smaller towns. Fast growth of India’s population like other known as the Rock City is the geographical centre ofTamil developing countries has triggered a greater need for well Nadu. It lies 320 km to the south of and 128 km organized public transport service to carry many fromMadurai on the banks of the River Cauvery. A famous passengers through overcrowded and congested urban landmark is the RockFort, which also houses Pallava areas.“By 2001 over 285 million Indians lived in cities, sculptures in the Central temple of RockFort. Several more than in all North American cities combined (Office churches were built by Danish Missionaries. Also there of the Registrar General of India 2001).There has been aresplendid Muslim antiquities and mosques. It easily especially rapid growth of the very largest metropolitan connects the otherimportant centres of the State and the areas such as Mumbai (Bombay), Kolkata (Calcutta), and country by road, rail and air. TheRiver Cauvery which Delhi, which now exceed 10 million residents each. traverses through the central portion, brings green to Chennai (Madras), , Ahmadabad, and thedistrict. Climate is tropical and Tamil is the local each have more than 5 million residents. And 35 spoken language. The economy ofthe district is essentially metropolitan areas have populations exceeding 1 million, agrarian in character. The setting up of Bharath almost twice as many as in 1991. Since large cities are far

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 HeavyElectricals Limited (BHEL) at Tiruverambur has 3.METHODOLOGY provided a base for industrialexpansion. Figure.3 shows methodology adopted in this study Tiruchirappalli district with an area of 11096 sq. km as per Census of India 2001 is stretching between 10 and 11.30 of the northern latitude and 74.853 of theeastern longitude. Altitude is 78 m above sea level. The district is bounded byNamakkal and districts on the north, and on theeast, Sivagangai, and districts on the south and district onthe west. It is not only an inland district without any coastal line but also mostcentrally located district in the State. The district has no marked natural divisions. Figure 1 shows Toposheet for Tamilnadu. Figure 2 shows Toposheet for Trichy

Figure.3. Methodology

4. REMOTE SENSING AND GIS STUDIES

4.1 Introduction Remote Sensing is a science and art of collection of data or information about physical objects by measuring radiations emitted by the objects actively or passively, emitted or Figure 1 Toposheet for Tamilnadu reflected by sensor. If you heard the term “remote sensing”, it’s a rather simple, familiar activity that we all do as a matter of daily life but that gets complicated when we increase the scale. The surface objects were distinguished by their spectral signatures in a remote sensing data. The captured data of a surface objects by sensor devices may be emitted of reflected it varies from object to object and also depends on nature, composition and condition of objects. Remote Sensing is most useful for geologists, hydrologists and for all sort fields including medical and socioeconomic field. The raw remote sensing data can be used directly for geological application because it does not contain the subsurface information for visualization. Indirect evidences for subsurface structure, geodynamics, geomorphic units and drainage can be used for various themes in GIS analysis. In the present study IRS P6 LISS III, satellite imagery of the study area is used to interpret the structures, geomorphic units, Land use – Land cover and drainage pattern. Visual interpretation and digital image processing techniques are available for identification and interpretation of different features in satellite data.

Figure 2 Toposheet for Trichy

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 4.2 Data Acquisition techniques. The image processing software package ENVI The IRS P6 LISS III data were obtained from National 4.3 utilized for these digital analysis. Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) in GeoTiff format, The image processing technique includes- where the different band data are stored as line by line.  Pre-processing such as merging, windowing and The image have been imported in a general raster format generation of histograms and registration of image. through the ENVI 4.3 software and stored as ENVI raster  Image Rectification and Restoration. map files. The salient features of the satellite data are  False Color Composite. given in Table 1. 4.4.1 Generation Of FCC 4.3 Processing Of Digital Data Generation of composite imagery is fundamental technique The digital data obtained by remote sensing satellites for visual analysis. Composite images are created out of consist of two dimensional arrays of pixels depicting the three bands of satellite imagery, which are applied to the spatial variation in brightness over an area. Due to RGB colour scheme to make fullest use the capabilities of topographic factors and variation in atmospheric the human eye. For the interpretation of images True conditions, the digital images invariably contain some Colour Composite (TCC) (natural colour) and False Colour geometric and radiometric distortions. Thus it needs to be Composite (any combination other than TCC) are used. To pre-processed to obtain useful information about our make standard FCC green band is given blue colour, red objects of interest. The corrected image is then subjected band is given green colour and IR band is given red colour. to various image processing operations like colour coding, Generated FCC. Figure 4 shows Thematic map. Figure 5 is classification etc., to extract information from the image. used for the further visual interpretation and thematic map In this section various pre-processing and processing preparation. techniques have been briefly described.

Table 1. Salient features of the satellite data

Figure 4 Thematic map

4.4 Digital Image Processing Digital image processing involves the manipulation and interpretation of digital data with the help of computer so that the interpretability of the interpreter can be enhanced. Digital image processing involves the modification of digital data for improving the image qualities with the aid of computer and gives better results as compared to that of visual interpretation. The chief advantage of digital data is Figure 5 False Color Composite (FCC) Of IRS P6 LISS that they allow us to apply computer based analysis III Satellite Data

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 4.5 Digital Elevation Model distance between the contours can be measured from the Digital elevation model (also called DTM, ‘Digital Terrain maps by multiplying the map distance with the scale Model’) is a computerized representation of an elevation factor. surface (Milan Kanthi das et.al 2005). This is a raster in which the value in each cell represents the surface 4.7 Thematic Map Preparation elevation at that location in the scene. The topographic Procedures for data validation are incorporated into the surface arranged in a data file as a set of regularly spaced basic software system with automatic data processing. The x, y, z coordinates where z represents elevation. In the study area is then delineated and sub-setted from the fused present study, elevation input is taken from the SRTM data based on the latitude and longitude values and the data. SRTM data became widely available, many studies final hard copy output is prepared for the generation of utilized them for applications in topography, thematic maps using visual interpretation techniques. geomorphology, vegetation cover studies, tsunami Spatial Database like thematic maps like Base map, assessment, and urban studies. SRTM data were collected Transport network and drainage network maps are during 11-day mission in February 2000. Since then, they prepared from the SOI toposheets on 1:50,000 scale using were described in details and became accessible for free ARCGIS (9.3) software to obtain a baseline data. Thematic download over the Internet. The highest elevation in the maps of the study area were prepared using visual taluk is 547 m above mean sea level in upstream and interpretation technique from the fused satellite imageries lowest elevation 125 m above mean sea level in and SOI toposheets along with ground truth analysis. To downstream (Figure.6) get an accurate ground control points deletion of certain features like road network, water bodies, settlements etc., the toposheet are used for exact matching with those on the satellite imagery. This leads to preparation of the base map. The base map showed following features like settlements, which are categorized into dense, medium, sparse etc. The other features like major water bodies, major road network, drainage, pattern etc.

4.7.1 Geomorphology The Trichy district forms part of the uplands of the state. Physiographical the district can be divided into hilly area, the upland area and plains area. The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural hills, 2) Inselberg, 3) Ridges, 4) Valley fill, 5) Pediments, 6) Shallow Pediments,. The hilly area is represented by the Western Ghats in the northwestern part of the district, the BiligiriRangan hills in the north, BodamalaiBetta hills in the northwestern parts and Konbattarayan hills in the north central part of the district. Konbattarayan hill (1699 m above MSL) is the highest peak in the district while Moyar Gorge is a picturesque gorge in the western Ghats through which Moyar river traverses. Scattered hillocks and knolls of moderate elevations occur within these uplands. The plains area is characterised by an undulating topography Figure 6 SRTM DEM with a general gradient due east and southeast. The plains are limited to the east and southwestern border of the 4.6 Slope Percentage And Aspect district. The plains west of Cauvery river are known as A slope is the inclined surface of a part of the Earth’s crust. Lower Cauvery plains. The term is also used to denote the level of inclination. The surface of the Earth therefore is a combination of slopes at district forms part of the upland plateau region various percentages from 0% and 1% (horizontal) to >35% of with many hill ranges, hillocks and (Vertical), and in rare cases, even beyond vertical. Three undulating topography with a gentle slope towards east geometric components are characteristics of a slope: except for the hilly terrain in the west. The undulating gradient, slope length and slope width. All three measures topography with innumerable depressions, are used as are necessary for the proper description of the slope. A tanks for storage of rainwater for agriculture. The land with 5 m of vertical drop over a horizontal distance of prominent geomorphic units identified in the district 100 meters has 5% slopes. Accordingly, 10 m or 20 m through interpretation of Satellite imagery are 1) Structural vertical drop for every 100 m of horizontal distance has hills, 2) Ridges, 3) Inselbergs, 4) Bazada, 5) Valley fill, 6) 10% or 20% slope respectively. The vertical drop can be Pediment, 7) Shallow Pediments and 8) Deep Pediments. estimated from the contour intervals and the horizontal The Nilgiris on the northwest and Anamalai on the south

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 are the important ranges, which attain a heights of over and automatic map generalization. Linear road is an 2513m above mean sea level (MSL) and the highest important element of human geography and the level of elevation in the valleys adjoining the hills is 600 M above road network density is one of the critical assessment MSL. The ‘Palghat Gap which is an east-west trending indexes to reflect the total number and construction level mountain pass, is an important physiographic feature is of urban roads, which is often used to check the rationality located in the western part of the district. of the road network distribution and verify whether the plan is correctly balance. It is also one of the decisive 4.7.2 Built-Up Land Use factors for road selection in map generalization. In urban Anthropogenic activities of land use and land cover are planning, transportation network analysis plays an being increasingly recognized as critical factors important role to make better decisions.Road network influencing the global change (Nagendra et al 2004). Land generalization needs to be performed at three spatial levels. use changes alter the climate also. As the groundwater Macro level generalization regarding, the overall recharge is the result of infiltration after rainfall, the land distribution of network, meso level generalization dealing cover pattern influences the surface area available for the with relationships between road elements, and micro level rain water percolation. Hence, the quantity of infiltrating generalization handling the properties of individual roads. water is altered. Solid wastes disposed on open land Road density may effectively convey the metric and become a major source for groundwater pollution. A statistical information about overall road distribution at landfill may be defined as any land area serving as a macro level. Therefore, various techniques have been depository of urban or municipal solid wastes. Most of the invented to compute road density, and three major landfills are simply refuse dumps. Leachate from a landfill methods, ie. grid method, fractal geometry method and can pollute groundwater if water moves through the fill sub-region based mesh density may be identified. Grid material (Todd 2001). Land is a non-renewable resource, method is the most common method in road density mapping of land use / land cover is essential for planning analysis. However, the determination of grid size, position and development of land and water resources. and orientation is rather arbitrary. The road network For the land use / land cover mapping the NRSC, includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, classification has been followed. The FCC image has main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and shown a clear picture on various land cover and land use other urban and rural roads. practices in the study area. Based on the visual interpretation and the available collateral data, the land use 5.OPTIMIZATION OF ROAD NETWORK / land cover of the study area has interpreted into six categories. The major land use/ land cover in the taluk is 5.1 General agricultural lands. The remaining categories are forest The quality of life of the citizens is heavily dependent on cover, fallow land, river, water bodies and built-up area the efficiency and effectiveness of its transportation (Fig.3.6). In addition, field verification has done for system. Urban transportation is essential to the fabric of confirming the land use categories. urban life. The true goal of transportation is access (ICT, 1974; O’Sullivan et al., 2000). Public transport service is 4.7.3 Road Network an essential system which helps in curbing the menace of Roads are essential elements on topographical maps, transportation. Public transport is diversified, and each of navigational maps and other kinds of maps. In urban areas, its components must be well articulated in order to have a supply has usually been unable to keep pace with vibrant and sustainable transport system. Among the increasing demand; the only possibility is often to components or factors that needed to be considered for reorganize the current supply configuration in order to use proper implementation of public transport system are bus existing resources efficiently. The application of GIS to a stops and bus stations. diverse range of problems in transportation engineering is now well established. It is a powerful tool for the analysis Bus stop and optimal path design and location are of both spatial and non-spatial data and for solving recognized as a crucial element in the drive to improve the complex problems of networking. A key problem in quality of bus services and public transport in general. The network and transportation analysis is the computation of concept of 'Total Journey Quality' recognises that bus shortest paths between different locations on a network. passengers are also pedestrians at each end of the bus trip Sometimes this computation has to be done in real time. and requires that all aspects of the journey are considered. Space layout and urban road network design present a The convenience and comfort of bus stops must not be critical challenge as a result of increasing levels of overlooked (Bus priority team, 2006). In the present study urbanization and road traffic. Urban planners have always focuses on the determination of best location for bus stops aimed at optimizing the road network design to meet and shortest path to enhance public transport in to transportation cost, safety, land use, aesthetic and . The major roads and bus stops in Erode to environmental considerations. With the rapid growth in Udumalaipettai were identified and the roads were traffic patterns and space utilization, there is a growing digitized as line features. For this study, determination of need for a tool to design and evaluate urban road networks best locations for the bus stop is based on three (3) criteria; (Nagar and Tawfik, 2007). Road network density analysis these are four hundred (400) meters bus stop interval on is widely used in intelligent transportation, urban planning the major road, available built-up from the road ideal for

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 bus Stop shelter and slope. Thereafter, poorly located bus 5.7 Visual Interpretations stops were identified by adding the existing bus stop layer Visual interpretation has been the traditional method for on the suitability map derived from determination of best extracting information from a photograph based on the locations for the bus stops. characteristic such as tone, texture, shadow, shape, size, association etc. Though the number of colour tones 5.4 Identification Of Shortest Path recognized by human brain is large, it is still limited. When Union option of overlay analysis was used with the photographic products are generated from digital data, the vectorized slope and other polygon feature data so as to contrast is further degraded. Visual interpretation poses produce a seamless layer.The adding of 400 meters interval serious limitation when we want to combine data from point layer to the union polygon feature layer. This gives various sources. Above all, when a large volume of data us a suitability map of bus stops locations in Ibadan North has to be analyzed, it cannot meet the throughout Local Government area.The suitability map was used to requirement. determine which of the existing bus stop meets the standard of slope, shelter and Four Hundred (400) metres 5.8 Digital Processing Techniques interval. This was done by adding the existing bus stop Digital techniques facilities quantitative analysis, make use layer over the suitability map. To determine risky bus stops of full spectral information and avoid individual bias. due to characteristics, the bus stops are categorized in three Simultaneous analysis of multi-temporal and multi-sensor levels of “very good,” “good,” and “bad.” These three facilitated in digital methods. In digital classification, the levels were defined based on three bus stop characteristics: computer analysis the signature, so as to associates each slope, pixel with particular features of imagery. The digital 400 metres interval between bus stops, and shelters the classification technique essentially partitions this features criteria are as follows: space in some fashion so that each pixel in the feature space can be uniquely associated with one of the classes.  If the bus stop has all three characteristics, it is described as “very good.” 5.9 Data Collection  If the bus stop has two characteristics, it is described Survey of India Toposheet No. 58E/11, 58E/12, 58F/9, as “good.” 58F/11 & 58F/10 on 1:50,000 LAN SAT (MSS) DATA  If the bus stop has none of the characteristics, it is 2007 Maps, field work and remote sensing techniques are described as “bad.” A “bad” bus stop is considered a necessary for proposed road design and construction. risky bus stop. Topographic maps, geomorphology, Land use/Land Cover, Drainage, DEM, road, Slope and Contour maps were used Using the above criteria for classifying the already existing for this proposed route. The favourable path analysis, using bus stops, the analysis shows there are four (4) very good various data and GIS analysis, was intended to confirm the bus stops which is about 5.56%, thirty five (35) good bus best transport route within this site. stops amounting to 48.61% and thirty three (33) bad bus stops which stand at 45.83%. The bus stops and shortest 5.9.1 Data Process And Analysis path added to the suitability map. In this implementation, the best route is found for a new road. The steps to find possible path are outlined below. 5.5 Data Product Path is identified by using ArcGIS 9. Spatial Analysis Acquired data has number of errors due to Module. Create Source, Destination and Datasets Generate  Imaging characteristics of the sensors different Thematic Maps (Classify and Weight age)  Stability and orbit characteristic of the platforms Perform Weighted Distance Create Direction Datasets  Scene/surface characteristic Identified Shortest Path with Distance and Direction Datasetsearth and this soil can be used for the filling up the  Motion of the earth low lying areas.  Atmospheric effect

The roads in our country in plain areas, they have been Data product are generated after correcting these error so classified as National Highways, state Highways, Major that the inherent quality of the original information of the District Roads, and Other District Roads and Village scene. The data product is generated in standardization Roads according to specification, traffic needs, and socio formats either in photographic or digital form to allow economic, administrative or strategic consideration. Some further analysis. National Highways are point to point which will connect

the state boundaries. State Highways will connect all the 5.6 Data Analysis National Highways. Major District Roads will connect all Visual interpretation and digital image processing are two the state Highways. Other District Roads and Village important techniques of data analysis needed to extent Roads will connect the major district Roads however from resources related information either independently or in topographical considerations; these can be broadly being combination with other data. divided into arterial Roads and link roads. Arterial roads

will include national/state highways and major district

roads. Link roads take off from arterial roads to link

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 villages/production areas in small/sub-valleys. These will requires the creation of destination point on the Erode to comprise other district roads and village roads. which is used in the calculation of shortest path to the highway.The shortest path is calculated using the 5.10 Controlling Alignment function shortest pathin the Spatial Analyst. Specifying the For an alignment to be shortlisted, it would be straight destination point as input along with the distance and between two terminals which are not always possible due direction theme, calculates the optimal path through which to practical difficulties such as intermediate obstructions Highway has to run. It represents the least cost path-least and topography. A shortest route may have very steep cost meaning avoiding steep slopes and on land use types gradients and hence not easy for operations. Similarly, considered to be least costly for constructing the Highway- there will be construction and maintenance problems along from source to destination. the route which may be otherwise short and easy. Canals are often deviated from the shortest route in order to cater 6.ANALYSIS AND RESULT for intermediate places of importance or obligatory points. Figure.7 shows Location map. Figure. 8 shows .FCC IRS A highway which is economical in its initial construction P6 LISS III. Figure. 9 shows DEM DATA. Figure.10 cost need not be necessarily economically maintenance or shows Slope Ratio. Figure.11 shows Aspect Ratio. Figure. operation cost. It may also happen that at the shortest and 12 shows Geomorphology. Figure.13 shows Drainage the easiest route may work to be the costliest of different Map. Figure 14 shows Land Use Land Cover. Figure.15 alternatives from construction point of view. Thus it may shows Slope reclass. Figure.16 shows Geomorphology. be seen that an alignment can seldom fulfil all Figure 17 shows Land use / land cove. Table.2 shows requirements simultaneously; hence a judicial choice is Weights attributed to classes of information plans. Table. 3 made considering all factors. shows Physical Aptness Of Terrain Classes And Intervals.

5.11 Co-Ordination Of Horizontal And Vertical Alignment The overall appearance of a highway can be enhanced by judicious combination of the horizontal and vertical alignment. Plan and profile of the road should not be designed interpedently but in unison so as to produce an appropriate three dimensional effect. Proper co-ordination in this respect will ensure safety, improve utility of the highway and contribute to overall aesthetics. Vertical curvature superimposed upon horizontal curvature gives a pleasing effect. As such the vertical and horizontal curves should coincide as possible and their length should be more or less equal. It is difficult for any reason; the horizontal curve should be somewhat longer than the vertical curve. Figure 7 Location map 5.12 Overview Of Software Arc GIS 9.2 is a product of ESRI. IT adds topology for the geo database. You can choose which feature classes in a feature dataset participate in a spatial relationship with other feature classes in that feature dataset or within themselves. Certain rules can be applied, such as polygons cannot overlap one another, lines cannot have dangling nodes, and points must be completely inside the bounds of a polygon. The number of spatial integrity rules offered for the geo database far exceeds those used in the Arc Info workstation coverage model, and are much more flexible. The editing abilities of Arc Map have been improved to leverage these spatial integrity rules and to help find and fix topological errors more easily and quickly. Arc Map is the premier application for desktop GIS and mapping. .

5.16 Performing Shortest Path It is almost ready to find the shortest path from the source. We have already performed cost weighted distance, creating a distance dataset and a direction dataset using the source point. However it is necessary to decide on, and then create, the destination point for the road. Hence this Figure 8 .FCC IRS P6 LISS III

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856

Figure 12 Geomorphology

Figure 9 DEM DATA

Figure. 13 Drainage Map Figure 10 Slope Ratio

Figure 11 Aspect Ratio Figure.14 Land Use Land Cover

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 Table.2 Weights attributed to classes of information plans

Figure 15 Slope reclass

Table. 3 Physical Aptness Of Terrain Classes And Intervals

Terrain aptness class Weight interval Highly suitable 0-7 Moderately suitable 8-17 Poorly suitable 18-27

7. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to locate a suitable less route between two points.

Figure 16 Geomorphology

Figure. 18 Physical Aptness For Ring Road

Figure 17 Land use / land cover

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 The GIS approach using ground parameters and spatial [11] T.Subramani., S.Sekar., C.Kathirvel. C.T. Sivakumar, analysis provided to achieve this goal. Raster based map “Geomatics Based Landslide Vulnerability Zonation analysis provide a wealth of capabilities for incorporating Mapping - Parts Of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, terrain information surrounding linear infrastructure. Costs India”, International Journal of Engineering Research resulting from terrain, geomorphology, land use, drainage and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 3), pp.139- and elevation resulting low cost estimation for 149, 2014. implementing the shortest routes for the study area. [12] T.Subramani., S.Sekar., C.Kathirvel. C.T. Sivakumar, ”Identification Of Soil Erosion Prone Zones Using Reference Geomatics Technology In Parts Of North Arcot And [1] T.Subramani, and R. Elangovan, “Planning Of A Ring District”, International Journal of Road Formation For Salem Corporation Using GIS”, Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue International Journal of Engineering Research And 12(Version 3), pp.150-159, 2014 Industrial Applications, Vol.5, No.II, pp 109-120, [13] T.Subramani, R.Vasantha Kumar, C.Krishnan “Air 2012 Quality Monitoring In Taluk Using Geo [2] T.Subramani,, S.Krishnan. and P.K.Kumaresan.., Spatial Data”, International Journal of Applied “Study of Ground Water Quality with GIS Application Engineering Research (IJAER),Volume 10, Number for Coonur Taluk In Nilgiri District.”, International 32, Special Issues pp.24026-24031,2015 Journal of Modern Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.3, [14] T.Subramani,”Identification Of Ground Water pp 586-592, 2012. Potential Zone By Using GIS”, International Journal [3] T.Subramani, and S.Nandakumar,, “National Highway of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume Alignment Using Gis” International Journal of 10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015 Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2, [15] T.Subramani, M.Sivagnanam , " Suburban Changes In Issue.4, pp 427-436, 2012. Salem By Using Remote Sensing Data" , International [4] T.Subramani, and P.Malaisamy,“Design of Ring Road Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & For Using GIS”, International Journal Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015 of Modern Engineering Research,Vol.2, No.4, pp 1914 , pp. 178-187 , ISSN 2319 - 4847. 2015 - 1919,2012. [16] T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Drainage And Irrigation [5] T.Subramani., P.Krishnamurthi., “Geostatical Management System For Salem Dist Tamilnadu Using Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by GIS" , International Journal of Application or Using GIS”, International Journal of Engineering Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 199-210 , 2015 2), pp.165-172, 2014. [17] T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Land Slides Hazardous [6] T.Subramani., T.Manikandan., “Analysis Of Urban Zones By Using Remote Sensing And GIS" , Growth And Its Impact On Groundwater Tanneries By International Journal of Application or Innovation in Using Gis”, International Journal of Engineering Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version Issue 5, pp. 211-222 , 2015 2), pp.274-282, 2014. [18] T.Subramani, D.Pari, “Highway Alignment Using [7] T.Subramani., P.Someswari, “Identification And Geographical Information System” , IOSR Journal of Analysis Of Pollution In Thirumani Muthar River Engineering, Volume 5 ~ Issue 5 ,Version 3, pp 32-42, Using Remote Sensing”, International Journal of 2015 Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue [19] T.Subramani, G.Raghu Prakash , " Rice Based 6( Version 2), pp.198-207, 2014. Irrigated Agriculture Using GIS" , International [8] T.Subramani., S.Krishnan., C.Kathirvel. S.K.Bharathi Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Devi., “National Highway Alignment from Computer Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. to Erode Using GIS” , International Journal of 114-124 , 2016. Engineering Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue [20] T.Subramani, E.S.M.Tamil Bharath , " Remote 8( Version 6), pp.79-89, 2014. Sensing Based Irrigation And Drainage Management [9] T.Subramani., A.Subramanian.,C.Kathirvel.,S.K. System For Namakkal District" , International Journal Bharathi Devi., “ Analysis and Site Suitability of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Evaluation for Textile Sewage Water Treatment Plant Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 071-080 , in Salem Corporation, Tamilnadu Using Remote 2016. Sensing Techniques” , International Journal of [21] T.Subramani, A.Janaki , " Identification Of Aquifer Engineering Research and Applications , Vol. 4, Issue And Its Management Of Ground Water Resource 8( Version 6), pp.90-102, 2014. Using GIS In Karur" , International Journal of [10] T.Subramani. C.T.Sivakumar., C.Kathirvel., S.Sekar.,” Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zones In (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 081-092 , 2016. Tamil Nadu By Remote Sensing And GIS Technique” [22] T.Subramani, C.Kathirvel , " Water Shed Management International Journal of Engineering Research and For Erode District Using Gis " , International Journal Applications , Vol. 4 , Issue 12(Version 3), pp.127- of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer 138, 2014.

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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: [email protected] Volume 6, Issue 3, May- June 2017 ISSN 2278-6856 Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 093-103 , 2016. N.Elavarasi received her B.E. Degree [23] T.Subramani, A.Kumaravel , " Analysis Of Polymer in the branch of Civil Engineering in Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements By Using VMKV. Engineering College, ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , TamilNadu, India.. Now, she is Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 132-139 , 2016 . working as an Union Overseer in [24] T.Subramani, S.Sounder , " A Case Study And Vallam, Villupuram District. Analysis Of Noise Pollution For Chennai Using GIS" , Currently she is doing her ME Degree International Journal of Emerging Trends & in the branch of Environmental Engineering in the division Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) , of Civil Engineering in Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 125-134 , 2016. VMKV Engineering College, [25] T.Subramani, K.M.Vijaya , " Planning And Design Of Salem. Irrigation System For A Farm In Tanjavur By Using Remote Sensing" , International Journal of Emerging S.Priyanka is persuing B.E. Degree Trends & Technology in Computer Science in the branch of Civil Engineering in (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 135-146, 2016. V.M.K.V. Engineering College , [26] T.Subramani, G.Kaliappan , " Water Table Contour Vinayaka Missions University, For Salem District Tamilnadu using GIS" , Salem. She has illustrious career in International Journal of Emerging Trends & her intermediate and matriculation Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) , exams, her hobby is cooking and Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 147-158 , 2016. surfing internet. [27] T.Subramani, K.Kalpana , " Ground Water Augmentation Of Kannankuruchi Lake, Salem, TamilNadu Using GIS – A Case Study " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS) , Volume 5, Issue 3, pp. 210-221 , 2016.

AUTHOR

Prof. Dr.T.Subramani Working as a Professor and Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, TamilNadu, India. Having more than 27 years of Teaching experience in Various Engineering Colleges. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer and Approved Valuer for many banks. Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of Civil Engineering branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies. Guided more than 400 students in UG projects and 300 students in PG projects. He is a reviewer for number of International Journals and published 174 International Journal Publications and presented more than 25 papers in International Conferences.

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