Race, Poverty and Oral History by Alan H

September/October 2006 Volume 15: Number 5

Race, Poverty and Oral History by Alan H. Stein with Gene B. Preuss

“Oral history” is a method of Library of Congress archives, utilized Era, they broadened the scope of their gathering and preserving historical in- by few historians. studies to encompass not only the great formation through recorded interviews The slave narratives are significant epics of American history, but also with participants in past events and in what they reveal about oral history how these events affected “ordinary” ways of life. It is both the oldest type methodology and the beginnings of the people. American historians termed of historical inquiry, predating the movement itself. Historian Jerrold the studies that resulted from this de- written word, and one of the most Hirsch contends that the modern oral sire to include “history from the bot- modern, initiated with tape recorders history movement (circa 1948) really tom up” the New Social History. For in the 1940s. began with the WPA slave narratives– example, in the 1970s—coinciding a decade before the formalization of with the rise of the New Social His- the first university-housed oral history tory—renewed interest in the slave African Beginnings program at Columbia University narrative collection resulted in the re- (founded by historian Allan Nevins). lease of some 40 volumes of tran- There is a long record of oral his- Since then, oral history has become a scripts. Oral histories have allowed tory as a significant tool of historical tremendous method of expanding the historians to apply the traditional meth- inquiry and documentation. Early his- process of documenting the past of ods of inquiry to new areas of research torians like Herodotus in the 5th Cen- groups that rarely leave written records by recording personal histories that tury BCE relied on interviews and tes- of their lives. would have otherwise been lost to pos- timony, some of which was reported A new methodology New Social terity. In many cases, these histories verbatim. Plutarch wrote biographies Historians began employing emerged are more intimate and personal than based on interviews and oral accounts. with tape recorders in the 1940s. His- written documents. The idea of relying upon eyewitness torians began adapting the techniques Like the historians of the European testimony dates back to the beginnings that folklorists used to capture the Annals school, American social histo- of western history itself—Thucydides, reminiscences of those who did not rians began employing methods from writing 400 years BCE, interviewed leave behind memoirs, diaries, re- other social sciences and adapting those participants when he wrote his history ports, newspaper articles, nor the tra- skills to the study of history. The ad- of the Peloponnesian War. More re- ditional archival materials historians vent and availability of computers cently, the first large-scale oral his- had previously relied upon. Women’s (Please turn to page 2) tory project in the United States oc- social history, ethnic history and la- curred during the Great Depression. bor history (all seen to be more inclu- From 1936 to 1939, the Federal Writ- sive of the American experience) in- CONTENTS: ers’ Project of the Works Project Ad- creased the use of oral history in both ministration employed reporters, his- research and teaching. Oral History ...... 1 torians and writers to interview thou- The oral history movement’s com- Girls in the ‘Hood ...... 3 sands of elderly African Americans in ing of age parallels the growth and de- Katrina Books ...... 7 17 states who had been slaves before velopment of the Civil Rights Move- PRRAC Update ...... 10 the Civil War. Once the project ended, ment and birth/rebirth of the field of Resources...... 12 the more than 2,000 interviews lan- women’s history. As more and more guished for nearly three decades in the historians emerged in the Civil Rights

Poverty & Race Research Action Council • 1015 15th Street NW • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20005 202/906-8023 • FAX: 202/842-2885 • E-mail: [email protected] • www.prrac.org Recycled Paper (ORAL HISTORY: Cont. from page 1) ing the Southern past, the use of the slave narratives caused the greatest We Need Your made it easier for historians to make uproar. While the course’s instructors Email Address! use of statistical analyses of govern- were quick to condemn slavery as mor- mental Census records, public and per- ally wrong, based on their readings of We are collecting your email sonal ledgers and account books, and the slave narratives they concluded that addresses for occasional notices/ other quantifiable material—for ex- most slaves were happy with their situ- announcements relevant to a par- ample, to measure and evaluate how ation, loyal to the South, fearful of ticular geographic or interest hard slaves were whipped when pun- Northern whites and dissatisfied with area. (We will not share our list.) ished. Other historians preferred plain the end of slavery. Indeed, many of Please send an email with your old-fashioned foot-work (i.e., digging the narratives seem to indicate that sla- name as it appears on your P&R in archives) to uncover quantifiable very was not so bad. Careful analysis address label to [email protected] materials. has provided several explanations for the problems in relying upon oral testimony such as the slave narratives. Difficulties Psychologists term the tendency for of laws, regulations, and customs gov- hostages to identify with their captors erning interracial relations and attitudes Oral historians have wrestled with the “Stockholm Syndrome,” and in- had a very pronounced influence on the difficulties of evaluating oral testi- terviews with former prisoners of war, them (as well as everything else the mony and personal narratives for many Writers’ Project produced).” In other years. Indeed, researchers enjoying Oral history is the words, Kennedy, as well as black writ- the increased access to the slave narra- ers and editors, was keenly aware that tives in the 1980s began noticing the oldest type of historical “Editor-in-Chief” Jim Crow was look- inconsistencies and historical inaccu- inquiry, predating the ing over their shoulder—and hence racies to the point that some even called written word. governed themselves accordingly. the value of the narratives into ques- tion. One recent example demonstrates kidnapping victims and torture survi- From Slavery to some of the myriad problems histori- vors reveal that some victims do not Freedom Riders ans worried would occur. In late 1998, assess any personal blame upon the public demonstrations erupted against perpetrators. Within the last decade, as the ranks a history course in North Carolina’s Author/folklorist/activist Stetson of the Freedom Riders and Black Pan- Randolph Community College taught Kennedy provides personal hindsight thers have thinned, there has been a by local members of the Sons of Con- relative to the slave narratives: “When renewed effort by scholars and docu- federate Veterans society. Although the campaign to seek, find, and inter- mentary filmmakers (like Constance the teachers admittedly taught the view ex-slaves got under way in l936, Curry) to gather first-person oral tes- course with the intention of celebrat- Florida led the way in its ability to as- timony, for the most part drawing upon sign black staffers to conduct the bulk archival resources. Documentaries of the interviews on a black-on-black shown in the classroom, available on basis (Louisiana was the only other DVD or on the Web, elicit a discus- Poverty and Race (ISSN 1075-3591) state to do likewise). Historians have sion about race, poverty and oral his- is published six times a year by the tory—in effect, a way of truth and rec- Poverty & Race Research Action Coun- since acclaimed the superiority of these cil, 1015 15th Street NW, Suite 400, Florida narratives for their relative lack onciliation through media. (A dialogue Washington, DC 20005, 202/906- of inhibition in detailing the most hor- about slave reparations, for example, 8023, fax: 202/842-2885, E-mail: rendous aspects of slavery. In those can be included in a study guide, dis- [email protected]. Chester Hartman, instances where whites interviewed cussion list or Website.) Editor. Subscriptions are $25/year, blacks, the process was often a contest Quite obviously, the potential for $45/two years. Foreign postage extra. of wills, and the result shed as much using new technologies to increase ac- Articles, article suggestions, letters and cess to oral histories is attracting inter- general comments are welcome, as are light on the patronizing ‘plantation notices of publications, conferences, mentality’ of the interviewer as it did est among scholars and documentary job openings, etc. for our Resources upon the life slaves lived on the plan- producers, especially The History- Section. Articles generally may be re- tation.” Makers, based in Chicago, a national, printed, providing PRRAC gives ad- Kennedy (who supervised the leg- non-profit institution committed to vance permission. endary Zora Neale Hurston on the Fed- preserving, developing and providing © Copyright 2006 by the Poverty eral Writers’ Project in Florida) also easy access to an internationally rec- & Race Research Action Council. All ognized archival collection of thou- rights reserved. observed that “far from being irrelevant to the ex-slave interviews, the system (Please turn to page 8)

2 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 Girls in the ‘Hood: Evidence on the Impact of Safety by Susan J. Popkin, Tama Leventhal, and Gretchen Weismann

They come at them wrong ways. for mental health problems and delin- ment and moved successfully. The They’ll talk about their bootie or quency and other risky behavior. In MTO Interim Evaluation—conducted they’ll just come to them straight, this article, we use data from recent in 2002, approximately 5-7 years af- “Do you want to have sex?,” or they research on MTO to explore how these ter families relocated—found that many talking about they use a girl. Yeah, changed neighborhood environments of the experimental group families had they’ll use a girl and they said—they may have influenced outcomes for ado- moved again, some of them several call it “pimp a girl out.” lescent girls. times. Also complicating the picture, by 2002, about 70% of the control dolescents growing up in neigh- A group had moved out of public hous- borhoods marked by concentrated pov- The MTO Demonstration ing, albeit mostly to other poor urban erty are at risk for a range of prob- neighborhoods. However, families in lems, including poor physical and men- The U.S. Department of Housing the MTO experimental group were still tal health, risky sexual behavior and and Urban Development (HUD) more likely to be living in low-pov- delinquency. And, as Charmaine’s de- launched MTO in 1994 in five cities: erty areas (whether the original place- scription of life in her neighborhood Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los An- ment areas or other areas), and had above indicates, girls growing up in lived for longer periods of time in low- high poverty face specific risks be- poverty areas, than families in the con- cause of their gender—the demoraliz- It is the difference in trol group. Thus, MTO tells us the ef- ing effects of omnipresent and constant neighborhood organiza- fect of living in a low-poverty neigh- harassment; the pervasive domestic tion and safety that is borhood, at least for some period of violence; and the high risk of sexual driving the postive ef- time. assault. These girls also experience (Please turn to page 4) pressure to become sexually active at fects for girls. increasingly younger ages, with early sexual initiation bringing its own hazards: pregnancy, the risk of sexually geles and New York. MTO was a vol- transmitted disease, and dropping out untary relocation program for very- of school to care for children. All of low-income residents of public hous- these hazards have serious, long-term ing in high-poverty neighborhoods in Victoria Gray Adams implications for the life chances of these cities. Those who volunteered low-income adolescent girls. were randomly assigned to one of three We dedicate this issue of P&R The federal government’s Moving treatment groups: a control group to Victoria Gray Adams, who to Opportunity for Fair Housing Dem- (families retained their public housing passed away in August. In 1964 onstration (MTO) was a unique effort unit, but received no new assistance); she became the first woman in to try to improve the life chances of a Section 8 comparison group (fami- Mississippi to run for the US very poor families with children by lies received the standard counseling Senate, challenging segregation- helping them leave the disadvantaged and voucher subsidy, for use in the ist John Stennis. The decision that environments that contribute to these private housing market); or an experi- she and her colleagues in the kinds of poor outcomes. MTO targeted mental group. The experimental-group Miss. Freedom Democratic Party families living in some of the nation’s families received special relocation took became a turning point in poorest neighborhoods—distressed counseling (focused on opportunities the Civil Rights Movement and public housing—and used housing sub- to live in low-poverty areas) and the Democratic Party. Although sidies to offer them a chance to move search assistance. They also received she lost by an overwhelming mar- to lower-poverty communities. The a voucher usable only in a low-pov- gin because the state had effec- hope was that moving would provide erty neighborhood (less than 10% poor tively disenfranchised Black vot- access to safer neighborhoods with as of the 1990 Census), with the re- ers, MFDP went on to challenge better schools. In these safer neigh- quirement that the family live there for the state’s all-white official del- borhoods, adolescents—both girls and at least one year. egation at the 1964 Atlantic City boys—would be exposed to fewer Of the 1,820 families assigned to National Convention—the rest is negative influences like gangs and the experimental group, just under half history. drugs, and should then be at lower risk (48%, or 860) found a suitable apart-

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 3 (GIRLS: Continued from page 3) that shows that living in high-poverty neighborhoods can lead to a range of Thank$ bad outcomes for adolescents, includ- Thank you to everyone who MTO Seems To Have ing depression, delinquency and crime, Benefited Adolescent responded to our recent subscrip- and increased risk of teen pregnancy tion renewal letter—we really Girls, But Not Boys and risky sexual behavior. Moving to appreciate your encouragement a lower-poverty neighborhood might and support. MTO families were surveyed in benefit adolescents in several ways: (1) Also, thanks to Ashley 2002 for the Interim Evaluation. Sur- providing higher levels of social or- Edens, Thomas Edminster, prisingly, these findings showed that ganization (collective efficacy) that Suzy Post, James Ralph & Su- only adolescent girls seem to have ben- promote monitoring of residents’ be- san Silverstein for their recent efited from moving to better neigh- havior and reduce the threat of violent contributions. borhoods. Specifically, girls in the crime and disorder; (2) offering experimental group reported less psy- stronger institutional resources for chological distress, anxiety and sub- youth, notably high-quality schools, sexual exploitation. When social constance use, and were less likely to be youth programs and health services; trol mechanisms fail, as is the case in arrested (especially for violent and (3) providing access to more positive distressed public housing communities property crimes) relative to girls in the peer groups; and (4) promoting like the ones where the MTO families control group. In contrast, adolescent lived, all residents must cope with vio- boys in the experimental group re- When participants lence and disorder. But the physical ported more behavior problems and volunteered for MTO, and social threats that adolescent girls substance use, and were more likely to confront are very different from those be arrested for property crimes than the most common facing boys. Girls in all types of com- their counterparts in the control group. reason they cited was to munities experience at least some ver- These findings have been very con- get their families away bal and physical harassment, but as troversial, with much research and from drugs and gangs. Popkin and her colleagues describe in policy attention focused on why the The Hidden War, in the socially iso- boys did not fare as well. However, lated world of distressed public hous- focusing solely on the disappointing changes in parents’ well-being and being, the pressures for sexual activity results for boys discounts the impor- havior. are much greater, the threats more bla- tance of the positive effects for girls. Findings from our recent research tant, and the risk of rape and assault Clearly, MTO was very successful in on MTO suggest that it is the differ- very real. To avoid these threats, par- improving the overall well-being of ence in neighborhood organization and ents often monitor their daughters girls who moved to low-poverty neigh- safety that is driving the positive ef- closely, making them spend much of borhoods, and exploring the factors fects for girls. In particular, girls seem their time indoors. Thus, we argue that that led to these unexpectedly positive to be benefiting from a reduction in it is the reduction of these gender-spe- outcomes could tell us a great deal what Margo Gordon and Stephanie cific threats that has so benefited MTO about the importance of good neigh- Riger’s book labeled The Female girls. borhood environments for adolescents. Fear—the fear of sexual victimization, There is a large body of research verbal and physical harassment, and The Three-City Study of MTO “For Better or Worse: The Implications of Poverty, Gender & Race on We used qualitative data from the African-American Women & Their Families” Three-City Study of MTO, a large- scale, mixed-method study focusing on three of the MTO cities—Boston, Los This forum, co-sponsored by the Center for Research on African Ameri- Angeles and New York—to examine can Women & PRRAC, will be held on Thursday, Sept. 28, 4-6, at the whether the substantial improvement Leadership Conf. on Civil Rights (1629 K St. NW, DC - 10th flr. Conf. in safety gained by moving to lower- Room). Panelists include Avis Jones-DeWeever (Inst. for Women’s Policy poverty neighborhoods resulted in re- Research), William Spriggs (Howard Univ. Econ. Dept.), Roderick Harrison ductions in “female fear.” We also (Jt. Ctr. for Pol. & Econ. Studies) & Susan Popkin (Urban Inst.). PRRAC’s explore how potential reductions in Dir. of Research Chester Hartman will be moderator. RSVP if you plan to this fear may have benefited adoles- come (so we have enough refreshments —and if we need to shift to a larger cent girls’ health and behavior com- facility): [email protected] or 202/347-1337. pared to their counterparts who re-

4 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 mained in high-poverty neighborhoods. New on PRRAC’s Website The Three-City Study of MTO was designed to examine key puzzles that • “Building Opportunity: Civil Rights Best Practices in the Low Income emerged in previous MTO research, Housing Tax Credit Program”—a 50-state survey of annual state plans in such as the gender differences de- our largest affordable housing development program, highlighting examples scribed above. Our family-level data of states that take fair housing issues into account in allocating housing were collected in 2004 and 2005— dollars. about 6-10 years after families’ initial placement through the MTO program • Selected amicus briefs in the “voluntary school integration cases” from and two years after the Interim Evalu- Louisville & Seattle currently pending in the US Supreme Court—includ- ation data collection. ing briefs submitted by PRRAC, the Inst. on Race & Poverty, the Kirwan Inst. for the Study of Race & Ethnicity, the Harvard Civil Rights Project, How Safer ACLU, NAACP Legal Defense Fund & others. Neighborhoods Help Adolescent Girls they have avoided their fate. Many, go for the 12-year-old, the 11-year- like Antionette, a young woman in her olds, and give them drugs and that’s When participants volunteered for early 20s whose family initially moved not good... I have seen a lot of young MTO, the most common reason they to a low-poverty neighborhood in The girls like that....I refuse for my cited was to get their families away Bronx, referred to friends who already daughter to be like that. from drugs and gangs. And, accord- had children of their own: In contrast to the experimental ing to the Interim Evaluation, the ....Because a lot of kids in my group movers, nearly all of the girls— majority of experimental group mov- [old] neighborhood, like the girls, and mothers raising girls—who were ers believed they attained that goal, still living in high-poverty neighbor- reporting feeling safer in their neigh- Women and girls gained hoods (both control group families and borhoods at night than those in the con- experimental non-compliers) talked trol group, and much less likely to re- a dramatic reduction in about the risks and their own fears. port problems with drug trafficking and “the female fear.” Carla and her teenage children moved gangs. But evidence from the Three- back to public housing in New York City Study interviews shows that wound up not finishing junior high or after living for many years in a lower- women and girls gained even more just starting high school like one of poverty neighborhood. Carla de- than a general sense of safety—they my best friends. I mean, we were in scribed the bad things that had hap- gained a dramatic reduction in “the every single class since we started pened to her daughter since moving female fear.” Compared with their school together. We even went to back—getting involved in risky sexual counterparts still living in high-pov- the same high school. And then like activity, catching herpes and being ex- erty neighborhoods, experimental ninth grade she had a kid and that posed to violence. She expressed an group movers reported less harassment was it. urgent need to get her daughter away from men and boys, less pressure to An issue of particular concern for from the risks of the neighborhood: engage in sexual behavior, and, as a many of the mothers and girls was the result, said they were less fearful. I really want to get out of this pressure for early sexual initiation. neighborhood. Because Maribel [her Generally, experimental group mov- Brianna, a mother from the experi- daughter] gets involved in things she ers were confident that they were safe mental complier group in Los Ange- shouldn’t [referring to the drug from harassment. For example, Terri, les, talked about how hard it would be dealer ex-boyfriend who gave a young girl in the experimental group to raise her daughter if she had stayed Maribel herpes]. And, her best in Los Angeles, could not even imag- in public housing, especially her fears friend was in trouble. I didn’t even ine that men in her low-poverty com- about men preying on little girls. know what was going on.... munity might treat women badly: I have thought about that before, Sexual violence and coerced sex are I don’t really know because like if I was living there still, how would a sad reality for girls living in high- everybody that I know they have it be. I think the type of person I poverty neighborhoods. Nearly all of husbands and stuff. Their moms and am, I would have control of it, but I the mothers and girls who were still dads are together, so I don’t know. wouldn’t be able to trust it because living in high-poverty neighborhoods These girls—and their mothers—of- of the guys...that try to hit on talked about how badly men in their ten talked poignantly about what hap- younger girls. So I wouldn’t trust community treat women. These com- it....That’s what they’re like. They pened to their friends who still lived ments from Charmaine, an experi- don’t like the women my age. They in public housing and how they felt (Please turn to page 6)

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 5 (GIRLS: Continued from page 5) sexual pressures, from allowing their pace. My kids are slow, so when my daughters to have a boyfriend “so they kids go down there now and they mental group mover in Los Angeles won’t do it behind my back” to closely look at them, like, “you guys are whose family had moved back to a monitoring their daughters’ friends different.” … They tell ‘em that they high-poverty neighborhood, were and activities. are different or whatever, “you guys changed since you lived out there.” typical. She said that guys in her neigh- Those who have managed to move They talk about them. That’s why I borhood treated women “terrible”: to lower-poverty neighborhoods are say, it’s kind of good that we are aware of having escaped from a dan- They come at them wrong ways. living out here. I know me, even if They’ll talk about their bootie or gerous environment; those who are still I was living in LA, it’d be hard for they’ll just come to them straight, living in high poverty are aware of the me, because the kids that they hang “Do you want to have sex?,” or risks and the constant need to be alert, around, or the environment that they talking about they use a girl. aware and protective. The reduced they are around, it would be hard Yeah, they’ll use a girl and they anxiety for those who are no longer for them as kids too, and then by said—they call it “pimp a girl living in high poverty is notable, and me, being the way I am, it would be out.”….Just get between her legs participants themselves see it as one just a mess. and just go on like nothing. of the biggest benefits of making an MTO move. Robin, a mom from LA Tonya, another girl growing up in Safety: The Potential for public housing in Los Angeles, de- in the experimental group, talked at scribed more intense physical vio- length about the impact of moving Long-Term Benefits lence: from a public housing development in The evidence from our research on Foul. Just like in any other Sexual violence and MTO shows real benefits for adoles- projects. They’ll call them B’s cent girls and their mothers. These [bitches], ho’s, tramps, sluts, stuff coerced sex are a sad powerful findings highlight the poten- like that. They don’t care. They reality for girls living don’t have no respect for females at tial benefits of mobility. MTO par- all. They beat up females over here in high-poverty ticipants cite safety as their biggest and all that, throw them out of win- neighborhoods. gain—and the evidence from the dows. Oh, my God. These projects Three-City Study shows that safety has is crazy. They throw their girl- meaning for women and girls beyond friends out of windows and every- Watts to a suburban neighborhood has the lower exposure to gang violence thing else, pull out guns on them had on her children. Robin is strug- and drug trafficking documented in the and stuff. They don’t really too gling with health problems and is re- Interim Evaluation. We do not know much care for females over here. lieved that she does not have to worry what the long-term benefits of these Girls growing up in these commu- so much about her daughter’s safety improvements in these young nities say they respond to the threat of and the pressure to become sexually women’s mental health and quality of harassment and violence by walking, active. As she put it: life may be, but it seems plausible that they might include delayed child-bear- talking and dressing in ways that show I’m glad we are out here, far as ing, better parenting, and maybe even that they are tough. When they can, that part, I’m glad we are living out they avoid risky places where they here, cuz there is more intimidation more success in education and employ- know they might face danger, includ- and everything down there [in ment. Following the MTO sample over ing staying to themselves and staying Watts].… Those boys down there are the long term is critical if we hope to inside the house. Mothers adopt a bad, say all kind of stuff… I’m like understand the long-term implications range of strategies to cope with the “man look at these kids.” It’s a faster of the reduction in the “female fear” that these young women are experi- encing. Teaching for Social Justice Further, these findings also highlight the importance of creating mo- PRRAC, along with Teaching for Change, our partner organization in bility programs that do more than sim- publishing Putting the Movement Back Into Civil Rights Teaching ply help participants make an initial (www.civilrights teaching.org), is co-sponsoring “Teaching for Social Jus- move to low poverty. Given the evi- tice: From Moments to Movement,” along with the Bay Area group Teachers dence of such important benefits for 4 Social Justice. The free conference, supported by a grant from the Akonadi women and girls, helping families stay Foundation, is Saturday, Oct. 14, at Mission High School in San Fran- in better neighborhoods is as impor- cisco. Keynoter is Asa Hilliard, and there will be lots of interesting work- tant as helping them get there in the shops. Contact Chester Hartman (chartman@ prrac.org) for more details first place. The Interim Evaluation of or if you are interested in attending. MTO showed that many participants make subsequent moves to higher-pov-

6 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 erty communities—and our forthcom- Prof. in the School of Public Health, the MIT Dept. of Urban Studies & ing research suggests that these moves both at Johns Hopkins University. Planning. often happen for economic reasons or Gretchen Weismann (g_weismann@ All names used in this article are because of a lack of knowledge about yahoo.com) is a doctoral candidate in pseudonyms. ❏ other options. The comments of the women we interviewed make clear the distress many feel about returning to Resources an environment where their daughters are once more subject to the pervasive John Goering and Judith Feins. 2003. Choosing a Better Life? Evaluating the harassment and pressure for sex. Any Moving to Opportunity Demonstration. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute benefits these families have gained by Press. living in safer communities can be Margo Gordon and Stephanie Riger. 1989. The Female Fear. New York: The quickly lost once they return to these Free Press. distressed communities. Therefore, to be truly successful, any new mobility Tama Leventhal and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn. 2000. “The Neighborhoods They efforts must include long-term sup- Live In: The Effects of Neighborhood Residence on Child and Adolescent ports to help families stay in the types Outcomes.” Psychological Bulletin 126(2): 309-337. of neighborhoods that can provide the Larry Orr et al. 2003. Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstra- kinds of environments that enable chil- tion Program: Interim Impacts Evaluation, Washington, DC: U.S. Depart- dren and adolescents to thrive. ment of Housing and Urban Development. Susan J. Popkin (SPopkin@ui. urban.org) is Principal Research As- Susan Popkin, Tama Leventhal, and Gretchen Weismann, Girls in the ‘hood: sociate in the Urban Institute’s Met- Reframing safety and its impact on health and behavior. Three-City Study of ropolitan Housing & Communities MTO Working Paper, The Urban Institute, August 2006. Policy Center. Susan Popkin, Victoria Gwiasda, Lynn Olson, Dennis Rosenbaum, and Larry Tama Leventhal (TLeventhal@jhu. Buron. 2000. The Hidden War: Crime and The Tragedy of Public Housing in edu) is Associate Research Scientist at Chicago. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. the Inst. for Policy Studies & Asst. Katrina Books

There are scads of books out on the hurricanes. Here Cashin, Adolph Reed, Jr., Michael Eric Dyson, Charles are the best of them: Ogletree, Derrick Bell Betsy Reed, ed., Unnatural Disaster: The Nation on Hurri- Douglas Brinkley, The Great Deluge: Hurricane Katrina, cane Katrina (Nation Books, 2006, 248 pp., $14.95)— New Orleans & the Mississippi Gulf Coast (Morrow, 2006, among the 36 contributors: Eric Foner, Alexander Cockburn, 716 pp., $27.95) Adolph Reed, Jr., Mike Davis, Eric Alterman, Robert Mike Tidwell, The Ravaging Tide: Strange Weather, Fu- Scheer, Naomi Klein, Nicholas von Hoffman, William ture Katrinas & the Coming Death of America’s Coastal Greider, Katrina vanden Heuvel, Gary Younge Cities (Free Press, 2006, 196 pp., $24) Michael Eric Dyson, Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Mike Tidwell, Bayou Farewell: The Rich Life & Tragic Death Katrina & the Color of Disaster (Basic, 2006, 258 pp., of Louisiana’s Cajun Coast (Vintage, 2003, 354 pp., $14.95) $23) Christopher Cooper & Robert Block, Disaster: Hurricane Jed Horne, Breach of Faith: Hurricane Katrina & the Near Katrina & the Failure of Homeland Security (Times, 2006, Death of a Great American City (Random House, 2006, 333 pp., $26) 412 pp., $25.95) John Brown Childs, ed., Hurricane Katrina: Response & Chester Hartman & Gregory D. Squires, eds., There Is No Responsibilities (Pacific View Press, 2005, 82 pp., $10)— Such Thing as a Natural Disaster: Race, Class & Hurricane among the 31 contributors: Wynton Marsalis, Bettina Katrina (Routledge, 2006, 311 pp., $22.95)—among the Aptheker, Grace Lee Boggs, David Cohen, Jeremy Brecher, 18 contributors: john powell, Sheila Crowley, Wade Rathke, Michael Lerner Mary Frances Berry, Peter Marcuse, John Taylor John McQuaid & Mark Scheifstein, Path of Destruction: Eric Mann, Katrina’s Legacy: White Racism & Black Re- The Devastation of New Orleans & The Coming Age of construction in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast (Frontlines, Superstorms (Little Brown, 2006, 368 pp., $25.99) 2006, 215 pp., $15) David Troutt, ed., After the Storm: Black Intellectuals Ex- NB: Other miscellaneous Katrina-related items are to be plore the Meaning of Hurricane Katrina (New Press, 2006, found in the Resources section of this and future P&R is- 164 pp., $22.95)—among the 12 contributors: Sheryll sues and on the PRRAC website, www.prrac.org/projects/ katrina.php.

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 7 (ORAL HISTORY: Cont. from page 2) plines; to showcase those who have committed to creating and exposing its played a role in African-American-led archival collection to the widest audi- sands of African-American video oral movements and/or organizations; and ence possible, using collaborations as histories (http://www.thehistory to preserve this material for genera- well as the Internet, a digital archive makers.com/). They have recorded tions to come. The HistoryMakers is and other new technologies. When as- some 1,400 interviews to date. The sembled, The HistoryMakers will be purpose of this archive is to educate Women’s, ethnic and the single largest archival project of and to show the breadth and depth of labor history increased its kind in the world. Its founder, this important American history as told the use of oral history Juliana Richardson, modeled it after by the first person; to highlight the ac- the Federal Writers’ Project: “Not complishments of individual African in both research and since the recording of former slaves Americans across a variety of disci- teaching. during the WPA Movement of the

Resources part of the tapestry of what historians refer to as the Great Migration. This migration took place in two waves, the first Oral history Association http://omega.dickinson.edu/or- beginning in 1916 and the second commencing in the 1940s, ganizations/oha/ when unprecedented numbers of Black Americans left the Southern states for Northern cities, seeking better jobs, bet- Oral history Online http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/ ter lives, and sometimes, simply, adventure. The decisions Oral History Society http://www.oralhistory.org.uk/ of these individuals to make new lives for themselves in in- dustrial Chicago and Detroit dramatically reshaped the poli- Indiana University Center for the Study of History and tics and social realities of the nation in ways that historians Memory http://www.indiana.edu/~cshm/ are still striving to understand. Baylor University Institute for Oral History http://www3. baylor.edu/Oral_History/ Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Columbia University Oral History Research Office http: Movement, by Lance Hill (University of North Carolina Press, //www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/oral/ 2004). Deacons for Defense and Justice was founded by a group of African-American men who were mostly veterans of Library of Congress American Memory StoryCorps World War II and the Korean War, organized in Jonesboro, Project http://storycorps.net/about/ Louisiana, on July 10, 1964. Their goal was to combat Ku Library of Congress American Memory Project — “Born Klux Klan violence against Congress of Racial Equality in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ (CORE) volunteers who were participating in voter registra- Project 1936-1938” http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/ tion activities. Hill combines oral history interviews to con- snhome.html struct the first major history of the era and the movement. Voices of Civil Rights http://www.voicesofcivilrights.org/ Everybody’s Grandmother and Nobody’s Fool: Frances Free- project.html born Pauley and the Struggle for Social Justice, by Kathryn Nasstrom (Cornell University Press, 2000) uses rich oral his- The History of Jim Crow includes recommendations on tory material, recorded by herself and others, to present teaching with oral history. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/ Frances Pauley in her own words. Pauley, a White woman who grew up in the segregated South, has devoted most of Books & Films her 94 years to the battle against discrimination and preju- dice. A champion of civil rights and racial justice and an All God’s Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw, by Theodore advocate for the poor and disenfranchised, Pauley’s tenacity Rosengarten (Knopf, 1974). This is an acknowledged life- as an activist and the length of her career are remarkable. history classic about an articulate Black sharecropper’s She is also a consummate storyteller. Pauley’s life has en- life and times in poverty, as told to the author. compassed much of the last century of extraordinary social change in the South, a life touching and touched by famous Bridges of Memory: Chicago’s First Wave of Black Migra- figures from Southern politics and the Civil Rights Move- tion, by Timuel Black (Northwestern University Press, ment. 2003). The first of three promised volumes of oral history has been best described as “living history,” with a mov- The Intolerable Burden, directed by Chea Price and produced ing introduction by John Hope Franklin. In putting to- by Constance Curry (New York: West Glen Films, 2002). gether this book, Black, a lifetime Chicagoan, political Citizens of Drew, Mississippi, both Black and White, tell the activist and professor emeritus of social sciences at the story of the desegregation and resegregation of the local City College of Chicago, sat down with some 40 men and public schools. This documentary, by dispensing with the women who either themselves migrated to Chicago over omniscient narrator and taking the story past the Movement the course of the 20th century or were the children of years into the present, makes important contributions both those who migrated. Taken together, these stories form to the use of oral history in film and to the scholarship on,

8 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 1930s has there been a methodic and Katrina: Alive-in-Truth wide-scale attempt to capture the tes- Be sure to visit timonies of African Americans.” “Alive-in-Truth: The New Orleans PRRAC’s website at: Most recently, Hurricane Katrina Disaster Oral History and Memory uprooted lives, dispersed cultures, and Project” (http://www.aliveintruth. www.prrac.org exposed issues on race and poverty. It org/) began on September 4, 2005 out- has proven to be an inexhaustible re- side the Austin Convention Center, source to oral historians. Two projects which served as a shelter for 6,000 collect oral history and to support dis- that got under way before there was New Orleans residents. It is an all-vol- placed New Orleanians. A-i-T created even a Katrina aftermath include: unteer effort (a family of interview- a traveling exhibit this year present- ers, translators, therapists, donors and ing photos and text, in collaboration community members) and continues to (Please turn to page 10)

and public policy discussions about, school desegregation and its Belafonte. Collectively, the testimonies reveal how far impact on education. America has progressed in the drive for equality and how far it still has to go. Negroes with Guns: Black Power and the American South, by Sandra Dickson, Churchill Roberts, Cara Pilson, and White Men Challenging Racism: 35 Personal Stories (Duke Cindy Hill (2006). http://www.newsreel.org/nav/title.asp?tc= University Press, 2003), by Cooper Thompson, Emmett CN0178. This new documentary (distributed by California Schaefer and Harry Brod (http://www.whitemen Newsreel) takes an electrifying look at Robert F. Williams, a challengingracism.com/) is a collection of first-person nar- historically erased leader, who was the forefather of the Black ratives chronicling the compelling experiences of 35 white Power movement. The film provides a thought-provoking men whose efforts to combat racism and fight for social examination of Black radicalism and resistance and serves as justice are central to their lives. While these men discuss a launching pad for the study of Black liberation philoso- their accomplishments with pride, they also talk about phies. Included are interviews with historian Clayborne their mistakes and regrets, their shortcomings and strate- Carson, biographer Timothy Tyson, Julian Bond and a first- gic blunders. person account by Mabel Williams, Robert’s wife. Race: How Blacks and Whites Think and Feel About the Ameri- Archival Collections can Obsession, by Studs Terkel (The New Press, 1992). Any The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture discussion of race and oral history would be incomplete with- (http://www.nypl.org/research/sc/sc.html) is a national re- out acknowledging the works of Studs Terkel, a champion of search library devoted to collecting, preserving and pro- the working class. viding access to resources documenting the history and Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their experience of peoples of African descent throughout the Personal Experiences of Slavery, Emancipation, edited and world. released by Ira Berlin, Marc Favreau and Steven Miller (The Civil Rights Oral History Bibliography (http://www.usm New Press, 1998). This series of tapes recorded by the Fed- .edu/oralhistory/). Oral History Interviews on the Civil eral Writers’ Project on disc during the Depression were re- Rights Movement in Mississippi was the first project of mastered for this project. the Mississippi Civil Rights Documentation Project, a Roots, by Alex Haley, was a classic novel that spurred a joint project by University of Southern Mississippi’s Cen- growth in using oral history to document ethnic/family his- ter for Oral History and Cultural Heritage and the tory based on oral sources. Tougaloo College Archives. Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Move- The Amistad Research Center (www.amistadresearch ment From the 1950s Through the 1980s (Bantam Books, center.org) at Tulane University makes available to re- 1990). As the authors graphically show, participating in civil searchers over 600 manuscript collections and over 20,000 rights marches, sit-ins and Freedom Rides took moral stamina books, documenting the rich history of African Ameri- and raw nerve. The heroines and heroes of the Movement cans and other ethnic groups. Within these collections, receive a stirring tribute in this oral history, a tie-in to the researchers will find a range of primary documents, such TV series Eyes on the Prize, which Henry Hampton pro- as family photographs, personal letters, oral histories, duced and Steve Fayer wrote. The book is organized in 31 organizational records and more. The Center’s civil rights chapters around key events, with demonstrators offering holdings are unique in breadth and scope. The Center complementary perspectives. We hear from ordinary people has a solid reputation among researchers for being a start- along with well-known activists Ralph Abernathy, Rosa Parks, ing point for matters related to African American civil Jesse Jackson and Stokely Carmichael; public officials John rights and the collections contain invaluable information Conyers and Nicholas Katzenbach; Black Panthers Huey obtained from civil rights organizations, activists, politi- Newton and Bobby Seale; Alex Haley, Coretta Scott King, cians and scholars who were deeply committed to the Ossie Davis, Tom Hayden, Michael Harrington, Harry Movement.

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 9 (ORAL HISTORY: Cont. from page 9) with The Austin History Center. PRRAC Update This oral history project is one of the first to utilize a “life history” approach to telling Katrina’s story, by • We thank Tamica Daniel and Penn. Ave. NW, Wash., DC focusing on the entire life of the inter- Alanna Buchanan for their great 20004-3027. viewee, not only their storm-stories. work with us as summer law and This kind of “bottom-up” approach policy interns and wish them the • PRRAC Research Director also helps evacuees find their voice. best as they finish law school Chester Hartman and PRRAC By interviewing residents from New (Georgetown and Harvard, respec- Soc. Sci. Adv. Bd. member Gre- Orleans’ Lower Ninth Ward, the tively). gory Squires will present their project documented individual lives in newly published edited collection, one of the most hard-hit areas. It • PRRAC Board member Will- There Is No Such Thing as a Natu- helped the community to restore their iam Taylor participated in “Civil ral Disaster: Race, Class & Hurri- bonds, uphold their voices, culture, Rights, Politics and the Law: Three cane Katrina (Routledge), at Bus rights and dignity. Civil Rights Lawyers Reminisce” Boys & Poets, Mon. evening, Oct. Volunteers encountered people who (along with Harris Wofford and 16. BB&P (14th & V NW) is DC’s did not have furniture, who were miss- Berl Bernhard), a forum sponsored new political gathering spot/restau- ing family members or just plain un- by the Woodrow Wilson Internatl. rant. PRRAC Board members aware of resources to help locate them. Ctr. for Scholars. A 34-page tran- Sheila Crowley & john powell In many cases, the volunteers encoun- script of the event is available have essays in the book. tered survivors with untreated medi- (likely free) from the Center, 1300 cal conditions who were not in contact with preliminary case management services. In 2005-06, as a direct ser- A-i-T volunteers-as-advocates because one’s story. And as such, I feel it’s a vice to Katrina clients, A-i-T Direct they directly compromised their own perfect opportunity for each of us to connected 42 displaced families with objectivity and that of their subject (in- empower ourselves to be story-mak- the appropriate social work case man- formant). On the other hand, volun- ers and story-keepers. agers in the Austin area and follow- teers were very sensitive to the com- ups to make sure their needs were met. munities from which they collected the She also believes that the legacy They transported a variety of beds, oral histories, which is an important of A-i-T will be in preserving “the tables, chairs and kitchen supplies to standard of excellence. archive of accounts that have achieved 27 households. They were able to lo- Alive-in-Truth Project Director and rapid dissemination, educating and in- cate 16 long-term lost/missing family former New Orleanian Abe Louise forming various constituencies. This members for evacuees who could not Young describes the importance of ac- is evidence of the broad scope possible read or write, via Internet searches. with multiple media liaisons, a vision The Oral History Association of justice and belief in the speakers.” (OHA) encourages standards of excel- Hurricane Katrina has The project has collected well over lence in the collection, preservation, proven to be an 100 interviews that are, on average, dissemination and uses of oral testi- inexhaustible resource 1-2 hours long. The interviews are mony. Some OHA members expressed to oral historians. posted on the Web, are recorded on concern over this intervention by minidisk, and excerpts are placed into MP3 format (playable and accessible on the Web). CFC tive oral history in shaping public policy by networking with other or- PRRAC participates in the ganizations—grassroots, non-profits, Katrina: In the Wake Combined Federal Campaign. If oral history, human rights, state and of the Hurricanes you have friends or colleagues in national, people of color-led groups— the federal govenrment (military in order to connect with a broader so- In the Wake of the Hurricanes: A included), please encourage cial change movement: Coalition Effort to Collect Our Sto- them to support PRRAC in their ries and Rebuild Our Culture (http:// annual pledge during the CFC The story of Katrina is not one to www.louisianafolklife.org/katrina. workplace appeal. Our agency be left in the hands of professional html) began in October 2005 as an ef- image-makers or public relations code is #1287. fort of scholars and the public inter- people or politicians. It is every-

10 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 ested in documenting the aftermath of associated with the Coalition, one of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. This land- the sites offers a social and environ- 20% Book Discount mental interpretation of events. It is mark cooperative effort provides a Lexington Books is providing P&R entitled “Katrina Narratives of Afri- framework for comparing data col- readers with a 20% discount on our can-Americans in an Unprecedented lected from independently funded new “best of P&R” collection, Diaspora: A Social and Environmen- projects that center on core agreements Poverty & Race in America: The tal Oral History Project,” coordinated among Coalition members. Those Emerging Agendas. Use code by Dr. Dianne Glave from Tulane agreements include: 8S6POVRA when ordering (800/ University’s Bioenvironmental Re- 462-6420), and you will receive • Standardizing information collected search Department (which relocated to this discount. in oral histories, life stories and Atlanta following Katrina). Glave’s demographic surveys in order to proposal re-enforces the need for oral compare data among project participants; • Protecting interviewees from ex- The story of Katrina is a This year marks the 40th birthday ploitation by ensuring that all perfect opportunity for of the Oral History Association. Its proper permission forms are signed each of us to empower meeting (Oct. 25-29 in Little Rock— and that people have access to their http://www.dickinson.edu/oha/ interviews, and that copies are pro- ourselves to be story- makers and story-keep- index.html) will be an occasion to ex- vided free of charge; amine the past, present and future of • Collecting demographic data that ers. race, poverty and oral history. The call can be used in database form or to for papers for this year dealt with map movements of people and cul- groups and individuals who promoted tural traditions; and sharing all in- historians to expand on the news freedom and resisted repression. The formation with other scholars in the media’s impressionistic reporting. She overwhelming response has enabled Coalition and the public. believes oral history interviewers share the OHA Program Committee to fo- responsibilities with the news media: A continuum of interviewers, rang- cus thematically on the histories of civil ing from folklorists, cultural anthro- In the aftermath of Hurricane rights activism and social justice and pologists and historians to evacuees, Katrina, the fragmented and harrow- the consequences of telling one’s story community scholars and students, have ing pieces of many narratives of Af- during the Civil Rights Era. Together, conducted interviews. Many of the rican Americans who were trapped these panels and the stories told in them Coalition members have enthusiasti- in the Superdome, Convention Cen- make links between social movements cally embraced the idea of training ter and their flooded homes have of the past and the ongoing struggles evacuees and other community schol- emerged on television and the against racism and poverty that are re- ars to do interviewing, thereby pro- Internet. Some evacuated immedi- flected in the narratives of the survi- viding skills, training and remunera- ately while others were forced to wait tion to those who have lost income and many days to be rescued; most mi- vors of Hurricane Katrina. jobs from this disaster. Like The grated to points across the United Alan H. Stein (katrinalibrarian HistoryMakers, this project was envi- States; and many are now attempt- @yahoo.com) was from 2004-05 Head ing to return to the Gulf region. As sioned to echo the WPA projects of of the Louisiana Div., City Archives a result, the news media has opened & Special Collections at the New Or- the 1930s. an insightful dialogue across the While space does not permit us to United States and throughout the leans Public Library. review all of the projects and partners world concerning race, racism, and Gene B. Preuss (PreussG@uhd. class. Scholars now have an oppor- edu) is Assoc. Prof. of History at the Erratum tunity to add to this exchange of Univ. of Houston Downtown. ideas—not merely replicating the They are co-authors of “Oral His- news—as a catalyst for analyzing The first item under Race/Rac- tory, Folklore, and Katrina,” in There the historical context for this natu- Is No Such Thing as a Natural Disas- ism in the July/Aug. P&R, an- ral disaster by looking at African nouncing the newly-published influences, the Middle Passage, en- ter: Race, Class and Hurricane memoir (Barefootin’) of the first slavement, freedom, migration, the Katrina, eds. Chester Hartman & Gre- black female mayor in Missis- Civil Rights movement and more. gory D. Squires (Routledge, 2006). sippi, cited her as Anita Out of this tragedy, I propose an oral The Stetson Kennedy Foundation Blackwell. Her first name of history project that would give the and Tracy E. K’Meyer provided assis- course is Unita—we know better, Katrina narratives by African Ameri- tance in preparation of this article. ❏ blame spellchk. cans scope, adding to what is in the news [by] emphasizing the social and environmental implications.

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 11 Resources

Most Resources are PRRAC Board member available directly from the William Taylor, Harris Please drop us a line letting us know how useful issuing organization, Wofford & Berl Bernhard. our Resources Section is to you, as both a lister either on their website (if A transcript publication is and requester of items. We hear good things, but given) or via other available (possibly free) only sporadically. Having a more complete sense contact information listed. from the Ctr., 1300 Penn. of the effectiveness of this networking function will Materials published by Ave. NW, Wash., DC help us greatly in foundation fundraising work PRRAC are available 20004-3027, http:// (and is awfully good for our morale). Drop us a through our website: www.wilsoncenter.org/ short note, letting us know if it has been/is useful to www.prrac.org. Prices [9898] you (how many requests you get when you list an include the shipping/ item, how many items you send away for, etc.) handling (s/h) charge • Tavis Smiley is re- Thank you. when this information is launching his website, provided to PRRAC. “No http://www.covenantwith price listed” items often blackamerica.com [9902] • How Apostles of discussing the results of a are free. Ethnic, Religious and • “American Arabs & natl. survey by the Wash. Racial Hatred Torch the Post, Kaiser Family Fdn. When ordering items from Political Participation,” Globe, by Martin & Susan & Harvard. Forum PRRAC: SASE = self- ed. Philippa Strum (155 Tolchin (240 pp., 2006, materials available at addressed stamped pp., May 2006), is $24.95), has been pub- www.kff.org/kaiserpolls/ envelope (39¢ unless available (possibly free) lished by Rowman & phip071806pkg.cfm?CFID=7 otherwise indicated). from the Woodrow LIttlefield, 800/462-6420, 372429&CFTOKEN= Orders may not be placed Wilson Internatl. Ctr. for www.rowmanlittlefield.com 35620319 [9939] by telephone or fax. Scholars, 1300 Penn. Please indicate from Ave. NW, Wash., DC • Richard Nixon and • “The 7th Annual which issue of P&R you 20004-3027, http://www. the Rise of Affirmative Race Equality & Inclu- are ordering. wilsoncenter.org/ [9913] Action, by Kevin Yuill sive Communities (288 pp., 2006, $29.95), • “Affirmative Action: Week,” sponsored by the has been published by What Do We Know?,” by Natl. League of Cities, is Race/Racism Rowman & LIttlefield, Harry Holzer & David Sept. 25-29. Kits are 800/462-6420, Neumark (47 pp., Feb. available. Contact 202/ • “Flipping the Script: www.rowmanlittlefield.com 626-3172, [email protected] White Privilege & 2006), is available from the Inst. for Research on [9886] Community Building,” • Black Faces, Black Poverty, www.irp. by Maggie Potapchuk, Interests: The Representa- wisc.edu/publications/ Sally Leiderman, Donna tion of African Americans dps/pdfs/dp131406.pdf Poverty/ Bivens & Barbara Major in Congress, by Carol M. [9937] (2006), is downloadable Swain (310 pp., 2006, Welfare at http://www. $28), is available from • Black Males Left mpassociates.us/ [9885] University Press of • “The Changing Role Behind, by Ronald Mincy America, 800/462-6420, of Welfare in the Lives (326 pp., Feb. 2006, • Harvard Journal of [email protected], of Low-Income Families $29.50), has been African American Public www.univpress.com with Children,” by Policy Summer 2006 published by Urban Inst. Pamela Loprest & Sheila Press, www.uipress.org/ Katrina-oriented issue • Voting Rights and R. Zedlewski (Aug. Template.cfm?Section (Vol. XII) is devoted to Minority Representation: 2006), is available =Bookstore&Template=/ “A Nation Exposed: Redistricting, 1992-2002, (possibly free) from the Ecommerce/Product Rebuilding African by David A. Bositis (144 Urban Inst., 2100 M St. Display.cfm&Productid American Communities.” pp., 2006, $24), is NW., Wash., DC 20037, =4705 [9938] [9897] available from University 202/261-5709. [9887] Press of America, 800/ • Legacy: Treasures of • “Civil Rights, 462-6420, custserv@ • “Understanding Black History, eds. Politics & the Law: rowman.com, Recent Changes in Child Thomas C. Battle & Three Civil Rights www.univpress.com Poverty,” by Austin Lawyers Reminisce” was Donna M. Wells (2006, Nichols (Aug. 2006), is a Jan. 2006 program $35), will be published available (possibly free) Nov. 21 by the Natl. sponsored by the • “Paths to Success: A from the Urban Inst., Geographic Soc. Preface Woodrow Wilson Forum on Young African 2100 M St. NW, Wash., by John Hope Franklin. Internatl. Ctr. for Schol- American Men” was a DC 20037, 202/261- [9989] ars. Participants included July 18, 2006 Forum, 5709. [9890]

12 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 • “Financial Literacy books/transforming Wright of the Univ. of pp., 2006, $21.95), has been Strategies: Where Do We welfare.htm [9942] Wisconsin Inst. for published by Rowman & Go From Here?,” by Research on Poverty, Littlefield, 800/462-6420, Robert I. Lerman & • “The New Poor: available at www.rowmanlittlefield.com Elizabeth Bell (Aug. Regional Trends in www.irp.wisc.edu/ 2006), is available Child Poverty Since publications/focus/pfds/ • Building Powerful (possibly free) from the 2000,” by Ayana Dou- foc242b.pdf Community Organiza- Urban Inst., 2100 M St. glas-Hall & Heather tions: A Personal Guide NW, Wash., DC 20037, Koball (11 pp., Aug. • “Livelihood Strate- to Creating Groups That 202/261-5709, 2006), is available at gies and Family Net- Can Solve Problems and www.urban.org/url. www.nccp.org/media/ works of Low-Wage Change the World, by cfm?ID=311352 [9899] npr06_text.pdf [9943] Wisconsin Mothers” Michael Jacoby Brown (2006?), by Jane Collins (424 pp., 2006, $19.95), • “The Impact of • “Looking Forward, & Victoria Mayer of the has been published by Undercounting in the Looking Back: Reflec- Univ. of Wisconsin Inst. Long Haul Press, 781/ Current Population tions on the 10th Anni- for Research on Poverty, 648-1508, Survey,” by John Schmitt versary of Welfare is available at www.longhaulpress.com & Dean Baker (Aug. Reform,” by Nancy K. www.irp.wisc.edu/ 2006), reports that the Cauthen (4 pp., Aug. publications/focus/pfds/ • “Midwest Academy survey may underestimate 2006), is available at foc242c.pdf 2006 Trainings” will be those living in poverty www.nccp.org/media/ held in Chicago, Oct. 9- and those without health LookingForward06.pdf • The Journal of Socio- 13; DC/Balt., Nov. 13-17; insurance by 600,000 and [9944] Economics special Feb. Chicago (for supervisors), 350,000, respectively. 2005 issue (Vol. 34, Issue Dec. 6-8. Inf. from the Available from the Ctr. • “Rebuilding 1) was devoted to basic Academy, 28 E. Jackson for Economic & Policy America’s Lower Ninth: income guarantee. Blvd., #605, Chicago, IL Research, available at Taking Action to End Discussion papers/ 60604, 312/427-2304, www.cepr.net/publica- Poverty in Every bibliography on the US mwacademy1 @aol.com tions/cps_declining Community” is a media Basic Income Guarantee [9987] _coverage_2006_08.pdf campaign, by the Shriver Network, www.usbig.net/. [9904] Ctr., to re-initiate Links to the Journal on dialogue on federal anti- the Univ. of Wisc. Inst. • “Targeting Poverty: poverty strategies, for Research on Poverty Criminal Aim at a Bull’s Eye,” by www.povertylaw.org/ website, www.irp. Justice Jodie Levin-Epstein (15 news-and-events/events/ wisc.edu rebuilding-america/ pp., Aug. 2006), is • After Innocence is a default.html [9945] • “The Federal available (no price listed) documentary that tells the Government - the from the Ctr. for Law & story of 7 men released • Inequality Matters: Indispensable Player in Social Policy, 1015 15th from prison after decades The Growing Economic Redressing Poverty,” by St. NW, #400, Wash., DC when DNA evidence Divide in America & Its (former PRRAC Bd. 20005, 202/906-8003 proved their innocence. It Poisonous Consequences, member) James Weill (15 [9905] will premiere on Oct. 19, ed. James Lardner (325 pp., May-June 2006), likely 8:30 pm, but check pp., 2006, $25.95), from the Food Research • “Getting On, Staying local listings. Contact available at http:// & Action Ctr., is avail- On, and Getting Off Working Films, 602 S. www.amazon,com/ [9946] able at www.frac.org/pdf/ Welfare: The Complexity Fifth Ave., Wilmington, Weil06.pdf [9964] of State-by-State Policy NC 28401, 910/342- • Advocacy Coalition Choices,” by Gretchen 9000, mramey@ and Welfare Policy: Rowe & Linda Giannarelli workingfilms. org, http:// Analyzing Coalition (7 pp., July 2006), is Community www. workingfilms.org/ Consensus, by Roberto available (likely free) [9923] from the Urban Inst., Marie Ike (220 pp., Organizing 2100 M St. NW, Wash., 2006, $32), is available • The Death Penalty: DC 20037, 202/261- from University Press of • “Community Orga- 5687, [email protected] America, 800/462-6420, nizing: Past, Present & Beyond the Smoke and Mirrors, by Alfred B. [9934] [email protected], Future,” by Cheryl www.univpress.com Honey (2006), is avail- Heilbrun, Jr. (204 pp., 2006, $37), is available • Work Over Welfare: able at comm- The Inside Story of the • “Redesigning org.wisc.edu/papers2006/ from University Press of America, 800/462-6420, 1996 Welfare Reform Redistribution: Basic honey.htm [9947] Law, by Ron Haskins Income and Stakeholder [email protected], www.univpress.com (375 pp., 2006, $32.95), Grants as Cornerstones • Challenging Author- is available from for a More Egalitarian ity: How Ordinary People Brookings Inst. Press, Capitalism” is a 2006 Change America, by • “Confronting www.brookings.edu/press/ paper by Erik Olin Frances Fox Piven (200 Confinement” (June

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 13 2006) deals with violence • The Next Los Angeles: • “More Than Meets the Univ. Mich., is & abuse in US jails & The Struggle for a Livable the Eye: Head Start available in hard copy from prisons, with recommenda- City, by Peter Dreier, Programs, Participants, rachelha@umich. edu and tions. From the Commn. Regina M. Freer, Bob Families & Staff in www.isr.mich. edu/carss/ on Safety & Abuse in Gottlieb & Mark 2005,” by Katie Hamm (8 about/news/html [9924] America’s Prisons, Vallianatos, has been pp., Aug. 2006), is available at www.vera.org/ republished in a 2nd, available (likely free) • “Promise Abandoned: project1_1.asp?section_id= updated (2006) edition, from the Ctr. for Law & How Policy Choices & 3&project_id=75 [9948] from Univ. Calif. Press, Social Policy, 1015 15th Institutional Practices htttp://www.ucpress.edu/ St. NW, #400, Wash., DC Restrict College Opportu- • “Employment– books/pages/ 20005, 202/906-8028. nities,” by (former Focused Programs for 9799001.html [9900] [9906] PRRAC Bd. member) Kati Ex-Prisoners: What Haycock (27 pp., 2006), Have We Learned, What • “After Katrina: • “Control, Punish & is available (no price Are We Learning, and Rebuilding Opportunity Conquer: U.S. Public listed) from The Educa- Where Should We Go & Equity Into the New Schools’ Attempts to tion Trust, 1250 H St. From Here?,” by Dan New Orleans,” by Control Black Males,” NW, #700, Wash., DC Bloom (28 pp., 2006), a Margery Austin Turner et by Terence Fitzgerald, is 20005, 202/293-1217, Manpower Development al. (94 pp., April 2006), a 16-page article in the http://www.edtrust.org/ Research Corp. report, is from The Urban Inst., is Spring 2006 issue (Vol. [9927] available at www.mdrc. available at www.urban. 12, No. 1) of Challenge: org/publications/435/ org/url.cfm?ID=311406 A Journal of Research on • Grito de Arena is a overview.html [9949] [9972] African American Men. 2006 documentary (62 Contact Morehouse mins., in Spanish & • Locked Out: Felon • “Closing the Credit Research Inst., 830 English) about how global Disenfranchisement & Gap & Expanding the Westview Dr. SW, forces have been disman- American Democracy, by Credit Opportunity: The Atlanta, GA 30314, 404/ tling public education in Jeff Manza & Christopher CRA & Fair Lending 215-2746. [9914] Mexico and the popular Uggen (384 pp., 2006, Performance of Finan- resistance that has been $26.95), has been cial Institutions in the • “Starting Off Right: provoked. Available from published by Oxford City of Cincinnati” (215 Promoting Child Devel- Corrugated Films, 151 Univ. Press, www.oup. pp., May 2006), from the opment from Birth in 22nd Ave., Seattle, WA com/us/ [9950] Natl. Comm. Reinvest- State Early Care & 98122, 206/851-6785, ment Coal., is available at Education Initiatives,” [email protected], http:/ www.ncrc.org/policy/ by Rachel Schumacher, /www.corrugate.org/ Economic/ analysis/policy/2006/ Katie Hamm, Ann [9928] 2006-05-31_Cincinnati Goldstein & Joan Community Report.pdf [9983] Lombardi (46 pp., July • “Findings from 20 Development 2006), is available (free) States” (2006), from the • “Rail-Volution 2006: from the Ctr. for Law & Natl. Ctr. for Educational • “Understanding Building Livable Com- Social Policy, 1015 15th Accountability, examines Diverse Neighborhoods munities with Transit” St. NW, #400, Wash., DC high-performing schools in an Era of Demo- will take place Nov. 5-8 20005, 202/906-8028, to determine best prac- graphic Change,” by in Chicago. Inf. from http://www.clasp.org/ tices. The study, includ- Margery Austin Turner & them at 1120 SW Fifth [9916] ing indiv. state reports, is Julie Fenderson (Aug. Ave., #800, Portland, OR available at www. 2006), is available 97204 or PO Box 519, • “Public Education & just4kids.org/jftk/ (possibly free) from the Selbyville, DE 19975, Black Male Students - twenty_states.cfm [9936] Urban Inst., 2100 M St. http://www.railvolution. The 2006 State Report NW, Wash., DC 20037, com/ [9933] Card” (85 pp.) is avail- •What’s Race Got to Do 202/261-5709. [9889] able (possibly free) from With It? Social Dispari- the Schott Fdn., 678 ties & Student Success • “Forgotten Commu- Education Mass. Ave., #301, (2006, 55 min., $49.95), nities, Unmet Promises” Cambridge, MA 02139, dealing with race on is an Aug. 2006 Oxfam • “It Takes a Parent: 617/876-7700, http:// college campuses, is report on Gulf Coast Transforming Education www.schottfoundation.org/ available from Newsreel, recovery, profiling 6 in the Wake of NCLB” is [9918] www.newsreel.org/nav/ individuals & the hard- a 2006 Appleseed report title.asp?tc=CN0188 ships they have endured. on recommendations • “Beyond School [9940] Available (possibly free) regarding the role of Reform: Improving the from 617/728-2446. parents in achieving Educational Outcomes of [9894] student & school success. Low-Income Children” Find it on appleseeds.net/ (Aug. 2006), from the Ctr. servelet/FlashPage [9896] for Advancing Research & Solutions for Society at

14 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 • “Who’s Counted? • Other People’s Chil- Who’s Counting? Under- dren: Cultural Conflicts in Employment/ Remember standing High School the Classroom, by Lisa Jobs Policy Graduation Rates,” by Delpit (240 pp., 2006 2nd to send us Lyndsay Pinkus (51 pp., ed., $17.95), has been June 2006), from the published by New Press, • “Getting Punched: items Alliance for Excellent www.thenewpress.com/ The Job & Family Clock for our Education (202/828- [9956] — It’s Time for Flexible 0828), is available at Work for Workers of All Resources www.all4ed.org/publica- • Teaching for Change Ages,” by Jodie Levin- section. tions/ordering.html [9951] Fall/Winter 2006 Catalog Epstein (26 pp., July is available (free) from 2006), is available (free) • “Charting a Path to 800/763-9131, http:// from the Ctr. for Law & pp., Jan., 2006, $26.50), Graduation: The Effect www.teachingforchange. Social Policy, 1015 15th provide recommendations to of GRAD on Elementary org/ [9990] St. NW, #400, Wash., DC reconnect disadvantaged School Student Outcomes 20005, 202/906-8003, males to employment & in Four Urban Districts,” http://www.clasp.org/ • “Where We Learn: education; available from by Jason C. Snipes, Glee [9917] The CUBE Survey of Urban Inst. Press, Ivory Holton & Fred Urban School Climate,” www.uipress.org/ Doolittle (191 pp., July • The State of Working by Brian K. Perkins (43 Template.cfm?Section= 2006), a Manpower America 2006/2007 has pp., 2006), Foreword by Bookstore&Template= Demonstration Research been released by The James P. Comer, is Ecommerce/Product Corp. report, is available Economic Policy Inst., available (no price listed) Display.cfm&ProductID at www.mdrc.org/ 1333 H St. NW, #300, E. from the Natl. School =4704 [9941] publications/432/ Boards Assn., 1680 Duke Tower, Wash., DC 20005, overview.html [9952] http://epinews@www2. St., Alexandria, VA • “An Evaluation of 22314, http:// epinet.org/ [9926] OPM’s Efforts to Im- • “Measuring Instruc- www.nsba.org/ [9992] tional Responses to • Making America prove Hispanic Represen- Standards-Based Ac- • “Engage!” is one of Work, by Jon Forman tation in the Federal countability,” by Laura S. two regional All Families (448 pp., 2006, $29.50), Workforce” (33 pp., Hamilton & Brian Stecher conferences, sponsored by develops a comprehensive Aug. 2006), from the (36 pp., April 2006), a Family Friendly Schools, natl. strategy for improv- Natl. Hispanic Leadership RAND report, is available Oct. 12-13 in Atlanta. A ing the econ. benefits of Agenda, is available at from 877/584-8642 or 2nd such regional conf. employment & promoting www.nclr.org/content/ www.rand.org/pubs/ will be held Feb. 19-20, greater econ. justice. publications/detail41503/ working_papers/WR373# 2007 in Anaheim. Inf. Published by Urban Inst. [9957] [9953] from 800/890-7794. Press, 877/847-7377, [9893] http://www.uipress.org/ • Justice on the Job: • “Small Schools on a [9930] Perspectives on the Erosion of Collective Larger Scale: The First • “Taking the Next Bargaining in the United Three Years of the Step - Defining a Shared • Employee Rights & States, eds. Richard N. Chicago High School Federal Agenda for High Employment Policy Block, Sheldon Friedman, Redesign Initiative” (68 School Reform,” the 3rd Journal (Vol. 10, Issue 1, Michelle Kaminski & pp., July 2006), from the annual h.s. policy conf., 2006) is devoted to the Andy Levin (355 pp., Univ. Chi. Consortium on sponsored by the Alliance proceedings of the UNC- 2006, $22), is available at Chicago School Research, for Excellent Education, Chapel Hill Ctr. on www.upjohninst.org/ is available at will be held Oct. 12-13 in Poverty, Work & Oppor- publications/titles/joj.html www.consortium- DC. 202/828-0828, tunity Summit, held Nov. [9958] chicago.org/publications/ x871,conference@all4ed. 9, 2005. Participants p85.html [9954] org [9895] include John Edwards, Peter Edelman, David Environment • “Whatever It Takes: • “Ready to Teach? Elwood, William Julius How Twelve Communi- PK-3 & NCLB,” the Wilson, Katherine • “The First Natl. ties Are Reconnecting Foundation for Child Newman, Jared Bernstein, Conf. on the Precaution- Out-of-School Youth,” by Dev. Annual Forum, co- Alice O’Connor & many ary Principle,” sponsored Nancy Martin & Samuel sponsored with the New others. For inf., contact by the Ctr. for Health, Halperin (196 pp., 2006), America Fdn., will be Chicago-Kent College of Environment & Justice, from the Amer. Youth held Oct. 19 on Capitol Law, 565 W. Adams St., Science & Environmental Policy Forum, is available Hill. Inf,. from 212/213- Chicago, IL 60661-3691, Health Network, and the at www.aypf.org/publica- 8337. [9986] 312/906-5000. [9935] tions/WhateverItTakes. Environmental Research htm [9955] • Reconnecting Disad- Fdn., was held June 9-11, vantaged Young Men, by 2006. Materials available Peter Edelman, Harry at www.besafenet.com/ Holzer & Paul Offner (156 ppconf.html [9959]

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 15 • “Race, Place & the • “Katrina’s Children: Food/ Health, orwh.od.nih.gov/ Environment After A Call to Conscience & pubs/pubs_list.html Katrina: Looking Back Action” (40 pp., 2006), Nutrition/ [9919] to Look Forward,” from the Children’s Hunger sponsored by The Deep Defense Fund, is available • New Orleans health South Ctr. for Env. at www.aasa.org/focus/ • “Frontline Issues in care before & after Justice at Dillard Univ., content.cfm?ItemNumber- Nutrition Assistance - Katrina is the subject of an will be held Oct. 19-21 in 5980 [9962] Hunger Report 2006” Aug. 2006 article in Health New Orleans. A call for (196 pp.), their 16th Affairs. Contact Rakesh papers has gone out. • No Child Left Behind annual report on the state Singh, 202/654-1313, Contact Mary Williams, and the Illusion of of world hunger, is downloadable at 225/201-1661, Reform, eds. Thomas S. available, free, from www.kff.org/uninsured/ [email protected] Poetter, Joseph C. Bread for the World Inst., kcmu082906oth.cfm [9922] Wegwert & Catherine 50 F St. NW, #500, [9925] Haerr (144 pp., 2006, Wash., DC 20001, $23.95), is available from [email protected], • The Weight Control Families/ University Press of http://www.bread.org/ Information Network, America, 800/462-6420, [9915] provided by the Natl. Women/ [email protected], Inst. of Diabetes & Children www.univpress.com • “Nutrient Adequacy Digestive & Kidney of Children Participating Diseases, is available at • “Child Care and • “An Overview of in WIC,” by Katherine win.niddk.nih.gov/ Development Block Selected Data on Chil- Ralston (4 pp., April publications/ Grant Participation in dren in Vulnerable 2006), a Food & Nutri- improving.htm [9966] 2005,” by Hannah Families,” by Jennifer tion Service brief, is Matthews, is a 2-page, Ehrle Macomber (Aug. available at www.ers. • “Language as a 2006 fact sheet, available 2006), is available usda.gov/Publications/ Barrier to Health Care (likely free) from the (possibly free) from the EB8/ [9963] for New York City Center for Law & Social Urban Inst., 2100 M St. Children in Immigrant Policy, 1015 15th St. NW, Wash., DC 20037, • “Hunger Doesn’t Families,” by Linda NW, #400, Wash., DC 202/261-5709, paffairs@ Take a Vacation: Sum- Weiss et al. (17 pp., May 20005, www.clasp.org ui.urban.org [9891] mer Nutrition Status 2006), is available at Report” (29 pp., July www.nyam.org/library/ • “How Does Race • “State-Level Changes 2006), from the Food docs/LanguageBarrier Influence Judgements in Children’s Well-Being Research & Action Ctr., ReportMay2006.pdf About Parenting?,” by & Family Environment,” analyzing summer [9967] Lawrence M. Berger, by Richard Wertheimer, nutrition programs, with Marla McDaniel & Cameron McPhee & recommendations to • “Fact Sheet: Young Christina Paxson (2006?), Kristin Anderson Moore, improve program access, African American Men is available at is a 4-page, July 2006 is available at in the United States” (2 www.irp.wisc.edu/ Urban Inst. brief, avail- www.frac.org/pdf/ pp., July 2006), from the publications/focus/pfds/ able (likely free) from summerfood06.pdf [9965] Kaiser Family Fdn., foc242e.pdf them at 2100 M St. NW, highlights key inf. about Wash., DC 20037, 202/ the education, health & • “Preliminary Analy- 833-7200, anfinfo@ui. Health overall status of young sis of Child Support urban.org, http:// African-American men, Cooperation as a Condi- www.urban.org/ [9932] • “The Role of Medic- including comparisons tion of Eligibility for aid & SCHIP as an with other groups. Subsidized Child Care,” Available at www.kff.org/ • “2006 Fortaleciendo Insurance Safety Net,” by by Paula Roberts, a 2005 minorityhealth/7541.cfm La Familia Hispanic: Stephen Zuckerman & memorandum, is available Allison Cook (Aug. [9969] Approaches to Strength- from the Ctr. for Law & ening the Hispanic 2006), is available Social Policy, 1015 15th • Dying While Black, Family” (41 pp.) is (possibly free) from the St. NW, #400, Wash., DC by Vernillia Randall available at www.nclr.org/ Urban Inst., 2100 M St. 20005, 202/906-8000; (2006?), is available at content/publications/ NW, Wash., DC 20037, downloadable at academic.udayton.edu/ download/41227 [9960] 202/261-5709, www.clasp.org/publica- [email protected] vernelliarandall/DWB/ tions/cs_cc_subsidy.pdf [9892] index.asp [9970] • “Toward a New Child [9995] Care Policy,” by David • “Experiences of Edie (8 pp., July 2006), • “Women of Color Hurricane Katrina an Urban Inst. policy Health Data Book” (178 Evacuees in Houston brief, is available at pp.) is available (free) Shelters: Implications for www.urban.org/publica- from the Office of Re- Future Planning,” by tions/311347.html [9961] search on Women’s Health, Natl. Insts. of Mollyann Brodie, Erin 16 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 Weitzien, Drew Altman & April 2006 Natl. Housing • Unguarded Gates: A • “Poverty in Rural Robert Blendon, appeared Law Project/ History of America’s America” (4 pp., June in the May 2006 (Vol. KnowledgePlex chat (+ Immigration Crisis, by 2006), a Housing Assis- 96, No. 5) Amer. J. of chats on other topics), is Otis L. Graham, Jr. (264 tance Council inf. sheet, Public Health. Reprints available at www.nhlp. org/ pp., 2006, $19.95), has is available at (likely free) from D, [9975] been published by www.ruralhome.org/ Brodie, Kaiser Family Rowman & Littlefield, manager/uploads/ Fdn., 2400 Sand Hill • “2006 Affordable 800/462-6420, Povertyruralamerica.pdf Rd., Menlo Park, CA Housing Fact Sheet,” www.rowmanlittlefield.com [9981] 94025, [email protected] from the Natl. Low [9993] Income Housing Coal., is • “Immigrant • “After the Disaster: available at www.nlihc. Marches/Marchas de los Rural Communities • “Civil Rights Ap- org/research/ Immigrantes,” from the Respond” is a 20-page proach to Health Re- 2006factsheet.pdf [9974] ACLU, provides materials section in the Winter form,” a (free) forum on the rights & risks 2005-06 issue of Rural from SALSA (the Social • Razing NY: The involved in participating Voices, from the Housing Action & Leadership Disappearance of in ongoing marches. Assistance Council. School for Activists of the Affordable Housing, a Available at www.aclu. Available at Inst. for Policy Studies short film on the impact org/immigrants/gen/ www.ruralhome.org/ (DC), will be held Sept. of gentrification, is 25251res20060421.html manager/uploads/ 26. Inf. from 202/234- available at www. [9979] VoicesWinter2005- 9382, x229, http:// tribecafilmfestival.org/ 2006.pdf [9982] www.hotsalsa.org/ [9988] tixSYS/2006/filmguide/ • “Federal Policy for event_np_summary. Immigrant Children: • “Natl. Workshop on php?EventNumber=0873 Room for Common Miscellaneous Achieving Equity in [9976] Ground?,” by Ron Genetics Policy,” Haskins, Mark Greenberg • www.inclusionist.org organized by the Jt. Ctr. & Shawn Fremstad, a is a new (2006) social & for Pol. & Econ. Studies, Immigration 2005 policy brief, is econ. policy blog & Howard Univ. & Univ. available from the Ctr. interactive web portal Michigan, will be held • “New Medicaid for Law & Social Policy, site. [9901] Oct. 5 at Howard. Inf. Regulations Discriminate 1015 15th St. NW, #400, from 734/615-3412. Against US-Born Chil- Wash., DC 20005, 202/ • http://www.changing [9903] dren of Immigrants” (4 906-8000; downloadable theframe.com/katrina/ is pp., Aug. 2006), a at www.clasp.org/ a new (2006) interactive Families USA Minority publications.php?id=2 website from the Ctr. for Housing Health Initiatives Brief, is [9994] Social Inclusion, provid- available at www. ing a multimedia experi- • “Where Did They familiesusa.org/assets/ ence of structural racism Go? The Decline of pdfs/minority-health- Rural & solutions for the Gulf Middle-Income Neigh- immigrant-kids.pdf [9968] Coast region & the borhoods in Metropoli- • Rural Voices, from country. [9907] tan America,” by Jason • “Financial Access for the Housing Assistance Booza et al. (24 pp., June Immigrants: Lessons Council, in its Summer • The Nov. 2005 2006), from The from Diverse Perspec- 2006 issue highlights ACORN Community Brookings Institution, is tives,” by Anna Paulson “Appalachia: Remember- Forum on Rebuilding available at www. et al. (106 pp., May ing the Past, Looking to New Orleans: A DVD of brookings.edu/metro/ 2006), from The the Future.” Available at this two-day event in pubs/20060622_ Brookings Institution, is http://www.ruralhome. Baton Rouge is available middleclass.htm [9971] available at www. org/ [9980] (no price listed) from brookings.org/metro/ ACORN, 504/943-0044, • “America’s Rental pubs/20060504. financial • African American x178, communications4 Housing: Homes for a access.htm [9977] Politics in Rural America: @acorn.org [9908] Diverse Nation” (2006), Theory, Practice and from the Harvard Jt. Ctr. • Crisis Online (July/ Case Studies from for Housing Studies, is Aug. 2006) cover story, Florence County, South Job available at “Immigration,” has Carolina, by E. Ike www.jchs.harvard.edu/ interviews (by David C. Udogu (204 pp., 2006, Opportunities/ publications/rental/ Ruffin) with 5 Black $29.95), is available from Fellowships/ rh06_americas_rental_housing/ leaders responding to the University Press of Grants index.html [9973] furor over immigration. America, 800/462-6420, Available at www. [email protected], • Occidental College • “The Violence thecrisis magazine.com/ www.univpress.com Against Women Act: [9978] has an opening for a Impacts on Housing,” an tenure-track Asst. Prof.

September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 17 in the Urban & Env. c.v./reprints/ • Juvenile Justice • The Selah Leader- Policy Prog. Ltr./c.v./ names&addresses of 3 Project of Louisiana ship Program is a (free) examples of scholarly or refs. to Prof. Craig Ann seeks an Attorney for training program for creative work/3 ltrs. of Hiflinger, Peabody project on school-to- emerging Jewish leaders recommendation to Peter College, Nashville, TN prison pipeline and in the DC area, Jan.-June Dreier, Occidental 37203, [9921] special ed. Resume/ltr./ 2007. 212/213-2113, College, 1600 Campus writing sample to x61, scotler@ Rd., LA, CA 90041. • Farmworker Justice Courtney Bowie, MS jewishjustice.org. Appli- [9920] seeks a Staff Atty/ Youth Justice Proj., 733 cations due Oct. 6; Litigation Coordinator. N. Congress St., PO Box download at www. • Vanderbilt Univ. Ltr./writing sample/ 9283, Jackson, MS jewishjustice.org/ Peabody College of resume to Lorna Baez, 39202, cbowie@ jfsj.php?page=2.6.4 Educ. & Human Dev. has 1010 Vermont Ave. NW, splcenter.org [9985] 2 (tenured) positions in #915, Wash., DC 20005, comm. studies/dev. Ltr./ [email protected] [9984]

18 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 15, No. 5 • September/October 2006 PRRAC'S SOCIAL SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD

Frank Bonilla Fernando Mendoza CUNY Department of Sociology Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Univ.

Xavier de Souza Briggs Paul Ong MIT Department of Urban Studies & Planning UCLA School of Public Policy & Social Research Camille Zubrinsky Charles Department of Sociology, Univ. of Pennsylvania Gary Orfield Harvard Univ. Grad. School of Education John Goering Baruch College, City Univ. of New York Gary Sandefur Univ. Wisconsin Inst. for Poverty Research Heidi Hartmann Inst. for Women’s Policy Research (Wash., DC) Gregory D. Squires Department of Sociology, George Washington Univ. William Kornblum CUNY Center for Social Research Margery Austin Turner The Urban Institute Harriette McAdoo Michigan State School of Human Ecology Margaret Weir Department of Political Science, Univ. of California, Berkeley

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September/October 2006 • Poverty & Race • Vol.15, No. 5 • 19 POVERTY & RACE RESEARCH ACTION COUNCIL Board of Directors CHAIR Darrell Armstrong Elizabeth Julian Catherine Tactaquin John Charles Boger Shiloh Baptist Church Inclusive Communities National Network for University of North Carolina Trenton, NJ Project Immigrant & Refugee School of Law Maria Blanco Dallas, TX Rights Chapel Hill, NC Lawyers’ Committee for S.M. Miller Oakland, CA Civil Rights The Commonwealth William L. Taylor VICE-CHAIR San Francisco, CA Institute Citizens’ Commission José Padilla Craig Flournoy Cambridge, MA on Civil Rights California Rural Legal Southern Methodist Don Nakanishi Washington, DC Assistance University University of California San Francisco, CA Dallas, TX Los Angeles, CA [Organizations listed for Thomas Henderson Dennis Parker identification purposes only] SECRETARY Sprenger & Lang American Civil Liberties john powell Washington, DC Union Philip D. Tegeler Kirwan Institute for the Study Camille Holmes New York, NY President/Executive Director of Race & Ethnicity National Legal Aid & Florence Wagman Ohio State University Defender Assn. Roisman Chester Hartman Columbus,OH Washington, DC Indiana University Director of Research Olati Johnson School of Law TREASURER Columbia University Indianapolis, IN Sheila Crowley Law School Anthony Sarmiento National Low Income New York, NY Senior Service America Housing Coalition Silver Spring, MD Washington, DC

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