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Draft Hctt Draft Nexus Strategy J DRAFT HCTT NEXUS STRATEGY (2021-2025) Humanitarian-Development Collaboration for Climate-Related Disasters in Bangladesh UNITED NATIONS BANGLADESH IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MINISTRY OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND RELIEF (MODMR) 11 JULY 2021 1 | HCTT Nexus Strategy for Climate-Related Disasters (2021-2025) @ Uttran Bangladesh- Satkhira District @ Uttaran - Satkhira Khulna District Contents Executive Summary Key Figures Annual Overall Coordinated Budget Scenario (2021-2025) Annual Cluster Wise Budget Scenario (2021-2025) Timelines of Inter-Agency Actions Introduction Overview Strategic Objectives SPEED Approach Humanitarian Priorities Climate-Related Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis (2021-2025) Current and Forecasted Priority People Disaster Scenario Overviews Overall Gap Analysis Coordination and Collaboration Humanitarian Collaboration Collaboration in the Market Place Forecasts and Triggers Humanitarian Coordinated Actions Cluster Interventions Elements for Quality Interventions Preparedness: Cluster Actions Tracking Matrix Response: Priorities in Humanitarian Response Annexes Annex A: List of Acronyms Annex B: Template for Cluster Operational Delivery Plans (Yearly Update) 2 | HCTT Nexus Strategy for Climate-Related Disasters (2021-2025) Executive Summary The 2021-2025 Nexus Strategy for Climate-related Disasters is developed based on the National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) 2021-25 as well as Humanitarian Coordination Task Team (HCTT’s) coordinated actions for climate-related disasters in the COVID-19 pandemic context. The strategy focuses on three types of climate-related hazards: floods, cyclones and storm surges and landslides. The strategy is supportive of global normative frameworks, international humanitarian policy, bearing in mind the Sendai priority to enhance disaster preparedness for effective response and the commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) and in line with the Grand Bargain commitments: (1) reinforce—do not replace—national and local systems (2) transcend the humanitarian–development divide and (3) Anticipate—do not wait for—crises. The structure of the Nexus Strategy 2021-25 is presented in the graph below. Structure of the Nexus Strategy 2021-2025 Introduction (SPEED Approach): Bangladesh is at high risk from multiple natural hazards. According to the INFORM Risk Index, Bangladesh has a risk value of 5.8 (values between 1-10) and ranks 27 among the 191 countries in 2021. The national cluster system, adopted by the Government of Bangladesh in the Standing Orders on Disaster (SoD) placed leadership of sectoral response with Government line ministries, with cluster leads as co-leads (UN agencies and/or INGOs). It is vital that cluster-co leads ensure a joined-up approach in support of the Government to enable this joint-planning process to be effective. Over the years, the United Nations has worked with partners to promote change within the humanitarian system towards more anticipation. To operationalize humanitarian- development cooperation in Bangladesh, the United Nations Resident Coordinator Office (UNRCO) use the Strategic Preparedness for Response and Resilience to Disaster (SPEED) approach that aims to respond to the challenges of Bangladesh in a structured and collaborative way. The SPEED approach consists in four key components based on the objectives of the New Ways of Working - 1. Impact Analysis, 2. Priority Actions, 3. Institutional Capacity, and 4. Action Plan. Humanitarian Priority: The climate-related multi-hazard risk index, combining 23 indicators into three dimensions of risk: hazards, exposure, and vulnerability (and lack of coping capacity). The multiplication of the values of an individual district based on each indicator develop the climate-related multi-hazard risk index of a district which has been qualitatively expressed in very high, high, medium, low and very low. It’s estimated that annually, 18.48 million people will potentially be impacted by climate-related disasters (floods, cyclone and landslides) compared to 28.0 million people exposed to climate-related disasters annually considering 2025 expected populations. Also, its estimate severity of humanitarian conditions considering three humanitarian consequences suggested by Inter-Agency standing Committee, Joint Inter-Sectoral Analysis Framework (JIAF) focuses on: living standards, coping capacity, physical and mental wellbeing based on the available contextualized nine (9) indicators. Further analysis the gaps based on the four 3 | HCTT Nexus Strategy for Climate-Related Disasters (2021-2025) SPEED components. Coordination and Collaboration: In 2019, the Government of Bangladesh, through the approved revised SOD, recognized the present cluster coordination architecture. The HCTT also acts as the coordination platform for the sectoral cluster’s co-lead with GoB and the humanitarian community. Membership of the HCTT includes 11 cluster lead agencies, 8 working group representatives, 3 donor representatives, 3 elected representatives of the International NGO (INGO) Forum Emergency Sub-Group, 3 representatives of the NGO community, the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), and the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS). The HCTT also serves as a tool for effective coordination with the international community on climate-related cascading hazards. The HCTT is also working together with the Risk Informed Early Action Partnership (REAP) marketplace which aims to connect and scale up existing efforts on early warning-early action by diverse actors. HCTT will increase in the use of disaster risk financing instruments to address needs using a more timely, pre-planned, risk-informed approach. It is supported anticipatory actions/forecast- based financing mechanisms through impact-based forecasts aiming to turn forecasts and warnings from descriptions of ‘what the weather will be’ into assessments of ‘what the weather will do’. HCTT coordinated actions plan is led by the humanitarian community to deliver on its expectations and according to the terms of reference of the HCTT. Cluster Interventions: The clusters and working groups under the HCTT will promote strategy for quality interventions considering six elements: 1. inclusion 2. partnership and localisation 3. quality and standards 4. natural protection 5. community engagement and 6. social cohesion. The cluster co-lead agency consultations with community identify the most critical high-impact interventions prioritized in the context of the climate-related cascading hazards and on-going actions in preparedness and humanitarian response. The clusters will promote a two-track approach, creating space for the humanitarian community to complement GoB efforts and to develop the institutional capacity of the GoB for speed and quality preparedness and response that reduces suffering and improves resilience of the vulnerable communities. Cluster interventions will be guided through the development of response and recovery sector packages in agreement with the GoB and other stakeholders. The package will be updated time to time based on community feedback and consultations. 4 | HCTT Nexus Strategy for Climate-Related Disasters (2021-2025) @CRS-Caritas, Bhola District Key Figures Figures in major 15 climate-related hazards impact (2014-2020) 42 million 58 9.4 M 1,053 $4,120 M total number of people districts internally total number of **economic loss (cumulative) affected impacted displaced people dead (US$ millions) Source: Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), National Disaster Coordination Centre (NDRCC), Health Crises Management Centre, Director General Health Services (DGHS) and International Displacement Management Centre (IDMC); Key figures (M-millions) in future climate-related disasters, annual (2021-2025) 28 M 64 660 18.48 M $337.94 M *people exposed by districts anticipated affected per 1,000 annual anticipated annual min. anticipated econ. loss climate-related hazards exposed people (95% confidence) * affected people in pessimistic scenario (US$) *from the exposed populations **from eco. loss in 2014-2022 (95% confidence) Sex and Age Disaggregate Data 4,939,030 (26.73) 4,098,247 (22.18) 3,897,726 (21.09) women (≥18) boys (<18) girls (<18) 4,666,277 (25.25) 272,617 (1.48) men (≥18) people with disability The adaptation commission report found that every $1 investments in resilience returns $2-$10 in net economic benefits (Page-12 Adaptation Commission Report). Requirements FINANCING MIN. MAX. 33.79 M 168.97 M Study Reference: Start Fund Bangladesh Risk Financing study in Bangladesh collaboration with United Nations Bangladesh, with Technical Support from NIRAPAD. Validated by HCTT stakeholders including GoB. 5 | HCTT Nexus Strategy for Climate-Related Disasters (2021-2025) Annual Overall Coordinated Budget Scenario (2021-2025) People in Need (PiN) are those experiencing severe and extreme conditions, considered as people/households in 20 high-risk flood prone, 11 high-risk cyclone prone and 5 high-medium risk landslide prone districts. For targeted complimentary humanitarian assistance, people/households are classified as those experiencing severe or extreme conditions (average household size estimated to be 4.31 persons) targeted in 6 randomly selected high-risk flood prone districts, 6 randomly selected high-risk cyclone and storm surge prone districts and 3 randomly selected high-medium risk landslide prone districts. Based on the lessons learned during the 2020 cyclone and monsoon flood response, complimentary assistance is provided for each
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