Commercial In Confidence Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd.

CHAPTER 5 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Introduction

(5.1) The existing environment is an important feature which provides the benchmark to assess any long term impacts of the Proposed Expansion. The description of the existing environment in terms of the physical-chemical environment, biological and human environment at the vicinity of the Recovery Facility taking into consideration of the land use within the 3 Km radius from the site of the Recovery Facility is outlined in this chapter. The site of the Recovery Facility and Proposed Expansion is located within the Prai Industrial Estate, which caters for various industrial activities comprising generally of heavy and medium industries.

(5.2) Information pertaining to the existing environment is obtained from published reports as well as field sampling at the project site and surrounding areas.

5.2 Physical-Chemical Environment

5.2.1 Landform

(5.3) Generally, the landform at the project site and the surrounding areas in the Prai Industrial Estate is flat where ground elevation does not exceed 3 m above mean sea level.

5.2.2 Natural Drainage

(5.4) The project site is located within the Sungai River Basin.

(5.5) The drainage system of the project site and surrounding area consists of man made drains that collects surface waters, treated sewage and industrial discharges, which were planned, designed and constructed as part of the infrastructure for the Prai Industrial Estate.

(5.6) All stormwater discharged from the project site and surrounding area flows into the manmade drainage system which are then pumped to the sea via the Prai pump house. Figure 5.1 depicts the drainage flow in the study area.

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Figure 5.1 Natural Drainage System In The Vicinity

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5.2.3 Meteorology

(5.7) The nearest principal meteorological station to the project site is located at the RMAF (Royal Malaysian Air Force) base in Butterworth located at latitude 5o28’N and longitude 100o23’N more than 15 Km from the Prai Industrial Estate. Data pertaining to the meteorological conditions of the project site from year 2011 to 2015 are shown in Appendix C of the report.

5.2.3.1 Climate

(5.8) generally falls within the `tropical monsoon’ type of climate, which experiences a variety of conditions showing elements of both the equatorial hot-wet and the tropical wet-dry. The seasonal interchange of air between the landmasses of Australia and Asia and the oceans between them produces the distinctive monsoon wind system flowing onshore in one season and offshore in the other.

5.2.3.2 Rainfall

(5.9) Masses of moist, unstable equatorial air from over the oceans flow northward with the high sun to bring heavy rain to Southern Asia between the months of May and October. In the case of annual rainfall data obtained from the Butterworth meteorology station showed variation varying between 2,250 mm to 2,735 mm.

(5.10) The rainfall pattern indicates maximum peaks that are during the months of April to May and September to October and two (2) minimum periods that is during June to July and December to January. The maximum rainfall falls within the equatorial trough, which is associated with heavy rainfall.

(5.11) During the months of April to May, the equatorial trough is over the Butterworth latitude when it moves northwards and during September to October, the trough moves south.

(5.12) Similar like the rainfall pattern, the number of rain days is high during the months of April to May and September to October and low during June to July and December to February. The number of rain days ranged between 159 to 180 days per year.

5.2.3.3 Temperature And Relative Humidity

o (5.13) Generally, temperatures in the area has an annual range of 27.6 to 27.8 C. The warmest months of the year are May and June whilst October and November are the cooler months.

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(5.14) Relative humidity is between 80.2 to 80.9% annually.

5.2.3.4 Winds

(5.15) The wind rose diagram at Butterworth taken from the pressure tube anemograph is shown in Appendix C of the report. Annually, the calm period constitute an average of 9.4% of the total time recorded and the predominant wind directions is in the east or north east.

5.3 Human Environment

5.3.1 Land Use

(5.16) The Recovery Facility is located within the Prai Industrial Estate which has been developed to cater for the industrialization process for the State of . The site is located amidst various industrial activities comprising of mainly heavy industries as shown in Figure 5.2.

(5.17) Some of these industrial activities include Soon Soon Feedmill, Timber, Kao Plasticizer (M) Sdn. Bhd., Fatty Chemicals Sdn. Bhd., Acidchem, Johor Bahru Flour Mill, Kluang Hwa Paper, Malaysian Oxygen, Camplus Industries and others. Within the 1 Km radius, a few institutions can be found which includes ITTAR (Institute Teknologi Tun Abdul Razak), Customs and BOMBA.

(5.18) The surrounding land use within the 3 Km radius comprises of a mixture of industrial, commercial, residential and institutional. The Prai Industrial Estate occupying more than 887.44 hectares of land has been developed by PDC (Penang Development Corporation) in the early 1980’s to boost the industrialization process in Penang. The industrial estate is used for a mixture of industrial usage ranging from light to heavy industries. Other industrial parks close to the area include the Industrial Park, Industrial Park and the Juru Light Industrial Estate.

(5.19) To cater for industrial activities which generate minor pollution issues, light industrial estates such as the Juru Light Industrial Estate and the Industrial Estate located south of the Bukit Minyak Industrial Park were developed to provide a wider industrial base in the surrounding area.

(5.20) Table 5.1 depicts the land use within a 3 Km radius from the site of the Proposed Project while Figure 5.3 depicts the land use plan of the area.

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Figure 5.2 Activities Surrounding Physical Site

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Table 5.1 Land Use Within 3 Km Radius Distance North - East South - East South – West North - West 0 – 500 m • Industrial • Industrial • Industrial • Industrial Activities Activities Activities Activities 500 m – 1 Km • ITTAR • Industrial • Industrial • Industrial • Industrial Activities Activities Activities Activities 1 – 2 Km • Industrial • Industrial • Sea • Industrial Activities Activities Activities • Prai Jaya • Kg. Dock • Prai 2 – 3 Km • • Industrial • Sea • Taman • Pacific Megamall Activities Inderawasih • Chai Leng Park • Bukit Minyak • Jalan Baru Source: YES Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd

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Figure 5.3(a) 500 m Land Use

Figure 5.3(b) 3 Km Land Use

Figure 5.3(c) 3 Km Land Use Zoning Plan

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(5.21) The nearest residential area to the project site is the Taman Perai Jaya adjacent to the Pacific Hypermart located to the north of the site. Other residential areas located external to the Prai Industrial Estate include Kg. Dock, Kg. Setol, Taman Perai, Taman Inderawasih and others located between 1 to 3 Km from the site.

5.3.2 Infrastructure For Human Settlement

5.3.2.1 Portable Water Supply

(5.22) PBA (Perbadanan Bekalan Air Sdn. Bhd.) supplies portable water in Seberang Perai from four (4) water treatment plants i.e. , Bukit Tok Alang, and Bukit Panchor.

(5.23) These water treatment plants are capable to treat 956.96 MLD raw water and produce about 625.984 MLD to be supplied to the various areas in Seberang Perai.

(5.24) Base on the Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang water demands (including domestic, commerce and industrial use) for MPSP is estimated to be about 1,003 million cubic meter in 2010. It is anticipated that the portable water supply for Seberang Perai is still sufficient. However, new sources such as the proposed extraction from Sungai Rui in North Perak have to be looked into to ensure the water supply is sufficient in coming years.

5.3.2.2 Power Supply

(5.25) Tenaga National Berhad supplies electrical power to the site and Prai Industrial area. Electricity is generated at the Prai Power Station. The power station produces 40.6 MW by 3 generators of 15 MVA capacities each.

(5.26) The power station transmits 11 kV supply to an on-site substation where it is reduced to 415 V and distributed throughout the plant. There will be adequate power supply to meet the growth of the industrial activities in the area.

(5.27) Besides electricity, a gas pipeline is already available in Seberang Perai, which can easily be used for various kinds of activities including industrial activities.

5.3.2.3 Telecommunication

(5.28) TM (Telekom Malaysia Berhad) provides telecommunication services to the area. Besides TM, modern efficient and economical communication services are provided by other private communication services through cordless phones such as CELCOM, MAXIS, DIGI and others. Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment For Page 5.8 MMP Resources Sdn. Bhd. Proposed Expansion Of Waste Recovery Facility On PT 40, Mukim 1, Prai Industrial Estate, Daerah Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang Commercial In Confidence Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd.

5.3.2.4 Sewage Facilities

(5.29) Most of the industrial activities in the Prai Industrial Estate are provided with individual septic tanks or imhoff tanks while the larger industries with a large workforce are provided with individual sewage treatment plant.

5.3.2.5 Domestic Solid Wastes Disposal Facilities

(5.30) Domestic solid wastes disposal is still carried out by the service providers appointed by MPSP. Domestic solid wastes, which are collected, are transported to the solid waste landfill site at Pulau Burong located in SPS (Seberang Perai Selatan). Non- regulated industrial wastes are also disposed at this landfill site with approval from MPSP and the DOE.

5.3.2.6 Scheduled Wastes Disposal Facilities

(5.31) Generally, toxic and hazardous waste categorized under the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulation, 2005 are stored in individual industrial premises and then collected and disposed at the Central Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility at Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan operated by KA (Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.) or sent for recovery at licensed facilities.

(5.32) The DOE licensed a number of facilities to recover or reutilized the scheduled wastes either offsite or on-site for industries with facilities that can recover or reutilize these wastes. Some of these recovery facilities deal with the recovery of solvents, oil, chemicals and the recovery of metals such as copper, iron, steel, gold and other various forms of industrial wastes.

5.3.2.7 Road Network And Transportation

(5.33) The road network system in Seberang Perai consists of Highways, Federal Routes, and State Routes. The site of the Proposed Project itself is well served by roads, being located near major access roads to the North South highway, , Butterworth and other local roads.

(5.34) Port access is available at Penang port at Butterworth, and the major deep-water wharves at Penang port. The Prai Bulk cargo terminal is available for liquid bulk and dry bulk cargoes including for dangerous cargo.

(5.35) Besides the roads and rails and sea routes, the Penang International Airport located on the island of Penang provides transport by air to various local and international destinations. Thus for speedy transport, freight operators are available to provide services for the transportation of goods by air. Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment For Page 5.9 MMP Resources Sdn. Bhd. Proposed Expansion Of Waste Recovery Facility On PT 40, Mukim 1, Prai Industrial Estate, Daerah Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang Commercial In Confidence Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd.

5.3.3 Socio-Economic System

(5.36) In order to provide the baseline socio economic status of the area, desks findings were made on the Penang Structure Plan 2020 and the Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2005. The following provides the baseline socio economic assessment conducted for the project site and its surrounding area.

5.3.3.1 Population

(5.37) The project site is located in the Prai Industrial Estate, which is in SPT (Seberang Perai Tengah) whereby the Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Seberang Perai Tengah provides the physical planning for the area. Table 5.2 depicts the population distribution for Penang according to district.

(5.38) Desk findings from the Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang indicated that SPT has a population of 390,100 in 2010 which is anticipated to increase further to 430,100 in 2015.

(5.39) Desk findings from Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang indicated that in 2005 the forms 41.3% of the population in Penang, Chinese 43.0% and Indians 10.0% as shown in Table 5.3.

(5.40) Table 5.4 shows the age group and gender composition for Penang. In terms of age group the 15 to 64 years age group forms the highest population age group in SPT in 2005.

5.3.3.2 Employment

(5.41) Based on the Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang, the employment structure in Penang is shown in Table 5.5.

(5.42) In terms of job opportunities, 49.3% of the employment opportunities in SPT are related to manufacturing. The high employment in the manufacturing sector can be contributed by the increase in the allocation for industrial land in Penang.

5.4 Baseline Environmental Quality

(5.43) Baseline environmental information pertaining to water quality, air quality and noise levels is extracted from the earlier EIA report conducted in 2011 and further updated through field studies conducted at the project site.

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Table 5.2 Projected Population In Penang By District 2000-2020 Year TL BD SPU SPT SPS Negeri Pulau Pinang 2000 444,923 169,442 259,823 313,607 125,654 1,313,449 2005 475,300 195,000 287,100 350,100 146,000 1,453,500 2010 507,400 225,400 320,400 390,000 171,500 1,614,700 2015 541,200 262,500 360,400 430,100 202,500 1,796,700 2020 576,300 305,900 405,100 467,800 235,100 1,990,200 Source: Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2005.

Table 5.3 Projected Population (%) According To Ethnic Group Year Bumiputera Chinese Indians Others Total 2005 41.3 43.0 10.0 5.7 100 2010 42.0 40.9 9.7 7.4 100 2015 42.9 38.9 9.3 8.9 100 2020 43.7 37.0 9.0 10.3 100 Source: Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2005.

Table 5.4 Projected Age Group And Gender Composition According To District

0-14 Years 15-64 Years 65 Years Above Total Area M F M F M F M F

TL 56.6 53.7 158.4 179.0 10.7 16.9 225.6 249.7 BD 31.4 28.8 63.0 65.3 2.9 3.7 97.3 97.7 SPU 44.7 42.4 93.8 89.2 7.6 9.4 146.1 141.0 SPT 50.8 48.0 116.4 116.3 8.7 9.9 175.9 174.2 SPS 24.0 22.4 47.2 44.3 3.7 4.3 74.9 71.1 Penang State 207.4 195.2 478.7 494.4 33.6 44.2 719.7 733.8 Sex Ratio 106 97 76 98 % Age 27.7 66.9 5.4 100 Source : Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2005. Note : M – Male F- Female

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Table 5.5 Projected Employment In Penang According To Sector 2000-2020 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Industry Bil. % Bil. % Bil. % Bil. % Bil. % Agriculture, 19.0 3 20.0 2.8 20.8 2.7 21.5 2.5 22.1 2.3 Forestry, Fishery and Animal Husbandry Mining and 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 Quarrying Manufacturing 257.7 41.2 290 41.3 324.5 41.4 360.2 41.5 397.4 41.6 Electric and 2.0 0.3 2.2 0.3 2.4 0.3 2.6 0.3 2.8 0.3 Water Construction 39.5 6.3 44.1 6.3 48.7 6.2 53.0 6.1 56.8 5.9 Commerce, 125.6 20.1 144.5 20.6 162.8 20.8 182.7 21.1 205 21.4 Retail, Hotel and Restaurant Transport and 31.4 5.0 33.3 4.7 35.4 4.5 37.5 4.3 39.7 4.2 Communications Services, 30.5 4.9 33.6 4.8 36.9 4.7 40.4 4.7 44.2 4.6 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate Social and 118.6 19.0 134.1 19.1 150.8 19.3 168.5 19.4 187.4 19.6 Personnel Services Total 625 100 702.5 100 783 100 867.1 100 956.1 100 Source: Laporan Pemeriksaan Rancangan Struktur Negeri Pulau Pinang 2005.

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(5.44) The locations of the environmental sampling stations for water quality, air quality and noise levels are shown in Figure 5.4 while Table 5.6 provides a summary and description of the environmental sampling stations.

5.4.1 Environmental Quality In 2011

5.4.1.1 Marine Water Quality

(5.45) The discharges from the site and surrounding area is drained by a network of drains which is then pumped to the sea via the Prai pump house. Thus, three water samples from two sampling points were identified in EIA study as shown in earlier Figure 5.4.

(5.46) Each sample was obtained in 1,000 ml plastic bottle and 25ml sterilized bottles. Before filling each sampling bottle, the bottle was rinsed two or three times with the river water. All containers were filled full with the water samples.

(5.47) The method of analysis used in the determination of the data were based on the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA) 21st Edition 2005.

(5.48) Table 5.7 depicts the marine water quality data at the sampling stations during the earlier EIA study. According to the earlier EIA report, the marine water quality is generally outside Type II Interim, MWQS (Marine Water Quality Standards).

5.4.1.2 Air Quality

(5.49) Three ad hoc air quality monitoring stations are chosen for purpose of establishing the datum with regards to the baseline air quality in the area during the earlier EIA study. Earlier Figure 5.4 depicts the locations of the baseline air quality monitoring stations.

(5.50) Table 5.8 provides the ambient air quality data for the sampling sites during the earlier EIA study.

(5.51) According to the earlier EIA report, TSP levels at the sampling stations ranging from 3 3 43 to 44 µg/Nm within the ambient air quality guidelines of 260 µg/Nm . PM10 levels at the sampling stations ranging from 15 to 24 µg/Nm3 are within the ambient air 3 quality guidelines of 150 µg/Nm for PM10.

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Figure 5.4 Location Of Environmental Sampling Stations

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Table 5.6 Location Of Environmental Sampling Stations Segment Station ID Description Georeferences Water Quality MW1 At 50 m upstream of point of discharge from Prai pump N 05021'37.02” house (Pump House A) E 100023'1.38” MW2 At 50 m downstream of point of discharge from Prai pump N 05021'27.06” house (Pump House A) E 100023'7.08” Air Quality AQ1 At Institute Technology Tun Abdul Razak N 05022'16.98” E 100023'22.74” AQ2 At boundary of project site N 05022'11.22” E 100023'15.72” AQ3 At Custom/BOMBA building N 05022'3.96” E 100023'35.22” Noise Levels NL1 At Institute Technology Tun Abdul Razak N 05022'16.98” E 100023'22.74” NL2 At boundary of project site N 05022'11.22” E 100023'15.72” NL3 At Custom/BOMBA building N 05022'3.96” E 100023'35.22”

Table 5.7 Baseline Marine Water Quality Data Sampling Date: 7th October 2011 Parameters Units Location MWQS MW1 MW2 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 Suspended Solids mg/l 31 64 10 32 15 61 50 Mercury mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.001 Cadmium mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.1 Chromium mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.5 Arsenic mg/l ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 0.1 Lead mg/l ND<0.006 0.012 ND<0.006 ND<0.006 0.011 ND<0.006 0.1 Copper mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.1 Nickel mg/l ND<0.006 ND<0.006 ND<0.006 ND<0.006 ND<0.006 ND<0.006 NA E.Coli mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 100 Source : Field Survey, YES Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd. Note : ND – not detected NA – no standards available

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Table 5.8 Baseline Air Quality Data, October 2011 Parameters ITTAR Project Site Customs/BOMBA AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 Guidelines Sampling Date 6.10.2011 7.10.2011 8.10.2011 TSP µg/Nm3 44 43 44 260

3 PM10 µg/Nm 24 15 23 150 Source: Field Survey, YES Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd.

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5.4.1.3 Noise Levels

(5.52) The ambient noise levels are measured with the use of a sound level meter. A sampling point located at the boundary of the project site was identified for this purpose as shown in earlier Figure 5.4.

(5.53) The sampling stations are chosen to reflect the ambient levels at the boundary of the project site so as to be able to compare with DOE’s Planning Guidelines For Environmental Noise Limits and Controls.

(5.54) The sound level meter indicates values for noise levels at A rating. Leq measurements are taken for the daytime hours (7.00 am to 10.00 pm) and the nighttime hours (10.00 pm to 7.00 am) at each of the sampling site. The noise meter is placed on a stand at a height of about 1.2 m above the ground for purposes of measurements.

(5.55) Table 5.9 depicts the noise data measured at the sampling stations during the earlier EIA study.

(5.56) The noise levels are found to be 57.6 dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 50.2 dB(A) Leq (nighttime) at the boundary of the project site. The noise levels at the boundary of the project site are found to be within the DOE 's guidelines of 70 dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 60 dB(A) Leq (nighttime).

5.4.2 Environmental Quality In 2015

5.4.2.1 Marine Water Quality

(5.57) In order to evaluate the water quality in the project area, water samples from the sea located to the south of the project site are collected to provide the baseline water quality for the area as all discharges from the site including treated effluent discharges into the existing drains prior entering the Prai pump house (Pump House A) before entering the sea.

(5.58) Two sampling stations are identified for this purpose. The samples are obtained in the sea upstream of the pump house and downstream of the pump house as shown in earlier Figure 5.4. Sampling is conducted on 29th June 2015. Three samples are obtained from each sampling location. Two samples (S1 and S3) are obtained during high tide and one sample (S2) obtained during low tide.

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Table 5.9 Baseline Noise Levels At Project Site, dB(A), October 2011 Parameters Values dB(A) Daytime Nighttime Lmin 41.7 31.4 Lmax 58.2 52.4 Leq 57.6 50.2 Guidelines 70 dB(A) Leq 60 dB(A) Leq Note : Noise levels at industrial site 70dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 60dB(A) Leq (nighttime) NL1 – Sampling at boundary of project site conducted on 6th October 2011

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(5.59) Each sample is collected in a 1,000 ml plastic bottle and a 10ml sterilized bottle by way of grab sampling. Before filling each sample bottle, the bottle is rinsed two or three times with the sea water. All containers are filled full with the water samples.

(5.60) Samples are then sealed and labeled accordingly and stored in a box pack with ice bags for preservation purposes. The samples together with the ice bags are then transported to the independent laboratory for analytical purposes.

(5.61) The methods of analysis used for the determination of the data are based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA) 21st Edition and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods. The samples are tested for various heavy pollutants including physical parameters, anions, metals organic parameters and microbial parameters. Results obtained from the sampling exercise are also compared to the Class 3 of the MWQS (Marine Water Quality Standards) as the sea abutting the coastline is use for port related activities. Standard B, IER is also shown in the table to benchmark the pollutants where the parameters are not listed in the MWQS.

(5.62) Table 5.10 depicts the marine water quality data obtained from this EIA study. The analytical results are given in Appendix C. The following provides a discussion on the various pollutants based on the analytical results obtained for the samples tested during the field sampling.

(i) Physical Pollutants

0 0 (5.63) The temperature of the water samples range from 21.0 C to 22.5 C. The pH values of the samples obtained from the sea are generally in the neutral range ranging from 7.7 to 7.9. The salinity of the sea water ranges from 36.3 to 0 38.0 /00.

(5.64) SS (Suspended Solids) ranging from 13 to 36 mg/l are detected in the water samples. The SS levels however are detected to be within Class 3, MWQS of 100 mg/l. Dissolve oxygen ranging from 6.6 to 7.8 mg/l are detected in the water samples which is much better than the values outlined in Class 3, MWQS.

(ii) Chemical Pollutants

(5.65) Values for oil and grease are found to be less than 2 mg/l for all samples obtained indicating the pollutant is uniformly distributed in the water environment. The values are also below Class 3, MWQS of 5 mg/l.

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Table 5.10 Marine Water Quality In June 2015 Parameters Units Location Class 3 Standard B, MWQS IER MW1 MW2 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3

Temperature °C 21.0 20.8 20.6 22.5 22.4 21.3 < 20C increase 40 over ambient Salinity 0 36.7 38.0 36.7 37.6 36.3 36.3 NR NR /00 pH 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.9 NR 5.5-9.0 COD mg/l 95 101 85 76 82 88 NR 200

BOD5 at 20°C mg/l ND<2 ND<2 ND<2 ND<2 ND<2 ND<2 NR 50 Suspended Solids mg/l 18 36 24 17 31 13 100 100

NH3N mg/l ND<0.07 ND<0.07 ND<0.07 ND<0.07 ND<0.07 ND<0.07 0.320 20 DO mg/l 7.1 6.6 7.8 7.0 7.8 7.8 3 NR Oil & Grease mg/l ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 ND<2.0 5 10 Faecal Coliform MPN/100 ml <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 200 NR Phosphates mg/l ND<0.5 ND<0.5 ND<0.5 ND<0.5 ND<0.5 ND<0.5 0.670 NR Nitrates mg/l 0.71 2.08 3.85 0.47 1.76 1.76 1 NR Nitrites mg/l 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.13 1 NR Sn mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 NR 1.0 Zn mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.1 2.0 Cn mg/l ND<0.02 ND<0.02 ND<0.02 ND<0.02 ND<0.02 ND<0.02 1 0.10 Cr mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.001 1.0 Cd mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.048 0.02 Cu mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.01 1.0 Ni mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 NR 1.0 Ag mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 NR 1.0 Fe mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 NR 5.0 Pb mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.05 0.5 Mn mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 NR 1.0 As mg/l ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 ND<0.01 0.05 0.1 Hg mg/l ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 ND<0.001 0.005 0.05 Source : Field Survey, YES Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd. Note : NR – No Recommendations

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(5.66) Values for COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) range from 76 to 101 mg/l which is within Class 3 of 200 mg/l.

(5.67) In addition, heavy metals in terms of Sn (Tin), Zn (Zinc), Cn (Cyanide), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), Pb (Lead), Mn (Manganese), Ni (Nickel), As (Arsenic), Ag (Silver) and Hg (Mercury) are tested in the water samples which are found to be low and within Class 3, MWQS or in the absence of the guidelines comparable to Standard B, IER.

(5.68) PO4 (Phosphates), NO2 (Nitrites) and NO3 (Nitrates) are also tested in the water

samples. PO4 are found to be less than 0.5 mg/l in the water samples which are

within Class 3, MWQS. NO2 ranging from 0.05 to 0.13 mg/l are found to be

within Class 3, MWQS. However NO3 ranging from 0.47 to 3.85 mg/l are found to be outside Class 3, MWQS.

(iii) Organic Pollutants

(5.69) Organic pollutants in terms of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and NH3N (Ammonia Nitrogen) are tested in the sampling exercise. Values for BOD are found to be uniform for all samples with levels of less than 2 mg/l. These values are considered low as compared to Standard B, IER.

(5.70) NH3N of less than 0.07 mg/l are detected in the water samples which are low and found to be within Class 3, MWQS of 0.320 mg/l.

(iv) Pathogens

(5.71) Faecal Coliform are found to be less than 2 MPN/100 ml in the water samples which is within Class 3, MWQS of 200 MPN/100 ml.

(5.72) Based on the data obtained, it can be inferred that the marine water is generally within Class 3, MWQS.

5.4.2.2 Air Quality

(5.73) 3 ad hoc air quality monitoring stations are chosen for purpose of establishing the datum with regards to the baseline air quality in the area. Earlier Figure 5.4 depicts the locations of the air quality monitoring stations. One sampling station located in the downwind of the prevailing wind direction at Institute Technology Tun Abdul Razak (AQ1), one at the boundary of the project site (AQ2) and one station located upwind of the prevailing wind direction at Custom/BOMBA (AQ3) is identified for this purpose. Sampling is conducted between 29th June to 1st July 2015.

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(5.74) A standard high volume air sampler is used to collect TSP (Total Suspended

Particulate), PM10 and PM2.5. The sampler is calibrated at a volumetric air flow rate of 3 3 50 m for TSP and PM10 and 65 m for PM2.5 (@corrected to 25°C) and operated with a sampling duration of 24-hr.

(5.75) The filters are conditioned in a desiccator for at least 24-hr and weighted during pre

and post sampling using an analytical balance. The calculated TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are taken based on the particulate mass found on the filter media divided by the total volumetric flow of air sampled.

(5.76) The air quality data obtained from the sampling program, are shown in Table 5.11. A copy of the analytical results are given in Appendix C. Comparisons are also made with the ambient air quality guidelines.

3 3 (5.77) TSP levels ranging from 62 µg/Nm to 90 µg/Nm which is below the ambient air quality guidelines of 260 µg/Nm3 .

3 3 (5.78) PM10 levels on the other hand ranging from 60 µg/Nm to 75 µg/Nm is below the 3 3 3 guidelines of 150 µg/Nm . Whilst PM2.5 ranging from 56 µg/Nm to 58 µg/Nm is detected to be within the guidelines of 75 µg/Nm3.

5.4.2.3 Noise Levels

(5.79) The ambient noise levels are measured with the use of a sound level meter. Three ad hoc sampling points located at Institute Technology Tun Abdul Razak (NL1), at the boundary of the project site (NL2) and at the nearest receptor to the south at Custom/BOMBA (NL3) is used for this purpose. Earlier Figure 5.4 depicts the location of the noise sampling stations.

(5.80) The sampling station is chosen to reflect the ambient levels at the boundary of the project site so as to be able to compare with DOE’s Guidelines For Noise Limits and Controls.

(5.81) The sound level meter indicates values for noise levels at A rating. Leq measurements are taken for a period of 24 hour at each sampling site. The noise meter is placed on a stand at a height of about 1.2 m above the ground for purposes of measurements.

(5.82) Care is taken to ensure that no reflections took place near the instrument. Table 5.12 depicts the ambient noise levels measured at the sampling stations.

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Table 5.11 Air Quality Data In 2015 ITTAR Project Site Custom/BOMBA Parameter Units Guidelines (AQ1) (AQ2) (AQ3) TSP µg/Nm3 90 62 80 260

3 PM10 µg/Nm 60 75 69 150

3 PM2.5 µg/Nm 58 56 58 75 Source : Field Survey, Yes Enviro Services Sdn. Bhd. Note: TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 sampled on 29th June 2015 to 1st July 2015

Table 5.12 Ambient Noise Levels In 2015

Sampling Sampling Daytime Nighttime Stations Date Lmin Lmax Leq Lmin Lmax Leq NL1 29.6.2015 45.3 60.2 52.6 52.0 67.0 53.0 NL2 30.6.2015 46.7 74.5 53.5 45.6 62.4 52.3 NL3 1.7.2015 47.5 60.9 54.3 42.0 62.0 53.5 Guidelines 70 dB(A) Leq for Industrial Use 60 dB(A) Leq for Industrial Use 60 dB(A) Leq for Residential Use 50 dB(A) Leq for Residential Use

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(5.83) The noise levels are found to be 53.5 dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 52.3 dB(A) Leq (nighttime) at the boundary of the project site during the field sampling. The noise levels at the boundary of the project site are found to be within the DOE's guidelines of 70 dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 60 dB(A) Leq (nighttime). At the nearest receptors the noise levels range between 52.6 to 54.3 dB(A) Leq (daytime) and 51.0 to 53.5 dB(A) Leq (nighttime). The noise levels at these receptors are within the guidelines for daytime levels but the nighttime levels are above the guidelines.

5.4.2.4 State Of The Environment

(5.84) In general, based on the sampling exercise conducted, it can be concluded that the state of environment at the project site and surrounding area is as follows:-

(a) Marine Water Quality

(5.85) Generally the marine water quality at the coastal area during the field sampling exercise

is found to be comparable to Class 3, MWQS except for SS and NO2 which is found to be outside Class 3, MWQS. Nevertheless the water quality based on the marine water quality index can be designated as moderate.

(b) Air Quality

(5.86) The ambient air quality of the project site and surrounding areas in terms of TSP, PM10,

NO2 and SO2 at the time of sampling is well below the ambient air quality guidelines of 3 3 3 260 µg/Nm for TSP, 150 µg/Nm for PM10 and 75 µg/Nm for PM2.5.

(c) Noise Levels

(5.87) Noise levels at the project site are generally below 70 dB(A) Leq(daytime) and 60 dB(A) Leq(nighttime) measured at the boundary of the project site.

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