Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Greater Mekong Sub Region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project

Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project (RRP REG 40190)

Socialist Republic of Viet Nam Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 I. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 2 A. The subproject area ...... 2 B. The Prioritized Projects and Project Location ...... 2 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 7 A. Physical Environment ...... 7 B. Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance ...... 16 C. Human and economic development ...... 22 IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 28 A. General Potential Environmental impacts ...... 28 B. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase ...... 30 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase ...... 37 D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase ...... 50 V. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ...... 54 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 54 A. Consultation and Participation Process ...... 54 B. Consultation Meetings...... 55 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM...... 56 A. Purpose of the Mechanism ...... 56 B. Access to the Mechanism ...... 56 C. The Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 57 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 58 A. Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring ...... 58 B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 59 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 83 A. Objectives and Positive impacts ...... 83 B. Negative impacts ...... 83 C. Recommendations ...... 84 D. Conclusion ...... 84 X. REFERENCES ...... 84 XI. ANNEXES ...... 86

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Environmental monitoring activities (water quality, air quality, noise) and costs for Subprojects, during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases. Annex 2: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Irrigation for Subprojects. Annex 3: Public Consultations

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Lower Mekong River Basin within Viet Nam ...... 2 Figure 2: Proposed Nguyen Van Con Sluice-Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area-Tien Giang Province ...... 5 Figure 3: Location of a Proposed sluice - Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area ...... 5 Figure 4: Existing canal Thong Nhat- A section of 10km long is along the national park Tram Chim in Tam Nong district.-Dong Thap Province ...... 6 Figure 5: The house owner shows mark of flood water level by Thong Nhat canal ...... 6 Figure 6: The number of Sarus crane visiting the park has increased from 89 in 2006, to 125 in 2007, and to 126 birds in 2008 ...... 19

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : Climate data of the project area (2 provinces) ...... 7 Table 2: The result of surface water quality testing in Cai Lay area ...... 9 Table 3: Data of water quality testing at Go Cong town ...... 11 Table 4 : Surface water quality in Hong Ngu District ...... 13 Table 5: Air quality monitoring results in urban and industrial areas (Unit: mg/m3) ...... 15 Table 6: Results of noise monitoring in urban and Tien Giang Industrial Park ...... 15 Table 7: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 ...... 17 Table 8: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 ...... 18 Table 9: Pagodas and temples and protected area situated near subproject areas ...... 20 Table 10: The population in 3 provinces, 2009 (thousands) ...... 22 Table 11: Structure of the economical sector in the two Provinces (billion dong) ...... 23 Table 12: Status of land use in the Project Area (2009) ...... 23 Table 13: Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and general education of two provinces ...... 24 Table 14: Existing Health System in two Provinces ...... 24 Table 15: Solid Waste Generation in Dong Thap Province (ton/year) ...... 27 Table 16: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No. 1, and 5) Pre-Construction Phase ...... 30 Table 17: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Pre-Construction Phase...... 33 Table 18:Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Pre-Construction Phase ...... 35 Table 19: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Construction Phase ...... 38 Table 20: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Construction Phase ...... 43

Table 21: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province -Construction Phase ...... 47 Table 22: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Operation & Maintenance Phase ...... 51 Table 23: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Operation & Maintenance Phase ...... 52 Table 24: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Operation & Maintenance Phase ...... 53 Table 25: List of Subproject for Public Consultation‟s meetings ...... 55 Table 26: Representatives of two PMUs ...... 58 Table 27: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system ...... 61 Table 28: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices ...... 69 Table 29: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province...... 77

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AFD Agence Française de Développement AH Affected Household AP Affected Person APC Agriculture Production Cooperative CBDRM Community Base Drought Risk Management CBFRM Community Flood Risk Management CPC Commune People Committee CPO Central Project Office (MARD) DONRE Department of Nature Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transportation DPC District Peoples Committee EA Executing Agency EARP Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures EMA External Monitoring Agency EMD Ethnic Minority Development EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan EMP Environmental Management Plan FSR Feasibility Study Report GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Great Mekong Sub-region GOV Government of Viet Nam GPP Grievance Point Person ICT Information and Communication Technology IDMC Irrigation and Drainage Management Company IE Irrigation Enterprise IEE Initial Environmental Examination IMC Irrigation Management Company INB Incremental Net Benefits IOL Inventory of losses IR Inception Report ISF Irrigation Service Fee M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MOET Ministry of Education and Training MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOIT Ministry of Industry and Transport MOST Ministry of Science and Technology O&M Operation and Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person PIA Project Implementation Agency PMU Project Management Unit PPP Public Private Partnership PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PU Public Utility RAMP Risk Assessment and Management Plan RAP Resettlement Action Plan RC Resettlement Commission REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RP Resettlement Plan SIEE Summary Initial Environmental Examination SPRSS Summary Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy SS Suspended Solids TA Technical Assistance ToR Terms of Reference

USD United States Dollar VAT Value Added Tax VND Viet Nam Dong WRU Water Resources University WTP Willingness to Pay WUA Water User Association WUG Water User Group

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Background

1. This report is prepared and submitted as Supplementary Appendix of the Final Report for ADB TA No. 6456-REG, Preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam. This PPTA is based on an agreement between ADB and the Government of Viet Nam and funding of the PPTA is under a grant from the ADB.

2. The main outcome of this PPTA will be an investment project preparation report for preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam to be co-financed by ADB and .Agence Francais De Developpement (AFD).

3. The subprojects provide for building and rehabilitation of some infrastructures such as: canal system, dikes, and sluices to improve flood and drought risk management and mitigation of subproject areas in Mekong river basin of three provinces in Viet Nam, namely, Tien Giang and Dong Thap. The Viet Nam Project also includes non-structural sub-projects namely; Preparation of guidelines on design criteria for projects on F/DRMM in the Cuu Long river delta, Framework for Flood Risk Mitigation/Diversion in the Border Area between Cambodia and Viet Nam and Community based flood and drought mitigation and management in Plain of Reeds in the Cuu Long river delta.

4. This report gives an account of the Initial Environmental Examination of the Structural-Subprojects in the 2 provinces.

5. The IEE has been finalized and submitted to ADB and Government of Viet Nam (GOV) for the subprojects approvals. This IEE report follows the laws and regulations in Viet Nam and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009), and Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklists 2003. The IEE was undertaken during project preparation work and is to be updated during the implementation phase. The report also describes the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) proposed for the subprojects.

Objective

6. The overall objectives of the IEE report are to:  Describe the existing natural and socio-economical resources in and surrounding subproject areas;  Identify and assess potential significant impacts based on existing environmental condition including during project preconstruction, construction, and operation- maintenance stages;  Identify and recommend mitigation measures to minimize any potential impacts caused by the subproject activities; and,  Develop environmental management plan and cost estimate including monitoring plan during construction and operation stage.

Purpose of Report

7. This report gives an account of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the proposed subprojects under “Preparing the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project” in Tien Giang, and Dong Thap Provinces. The IEE was conducted during subprojects‟ preparation to identify the impacts of the proposed activities on the environment. Measures are recommended to mitigate the identified adverse environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the Subprojects.

8. The IEE was carried out in compliance with the ADB‟s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009, Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003, and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Irrigation and Drainage Development Projects of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and relevant environmental policies and guidelines of the Government of Viet Nam (GOV).

Project Category

9. The subprojects are classified under ADB guidelines/rules as Category B projects. Such projects are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts occurring mostly during construction phase, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether or not any significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely to occur. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

10. Under GOV regulations, Decree 21No.21/2008/ND-CP, Appendix “List of Project subject to preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report”, as most of proposed subprojects are rehabilitation subprojects, except only some components are new construction at small scale, so, only a Commitment of Environmental Protection (CEP) is required.

Extent of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

11. The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) involves the following activities:  Gathering available baseline information on the physical / chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the subproject area;  Screening of potential impacts related to the sitting, design, construction, and operation phases, to distinguish those that are likely to be significant and would warrant further study;  Recommending measures to mitigate possible adverse impacts;  Provide guidance on appropriate institutional arrangements for environmental monitoring;  Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, results of water quality tests and analysis, technical descriptions based on the preliminary engineering designs (contained in the FS Reports of proposed components), as well as the outcome of discussions with PIS of Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces, and provincial authorities, have been integrated into this IEE;

I. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

1. Both ADB and relevant Viet Namese environmental guidelines and regulations were used for the preparation of the IEE for the Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam.

2. Relevant GOV Environmental Regulations are:  Law of Environmental Protection, 29November, 2005. This Law provides for environmental protection; policies, measures and resources for environmental protection and for the rights and obligations of organizations, households and individuals for environmental protection. The Law of Environmental Protection shall apply to the State agencies, organizations, households, individuals, Viet Namese citizens living in foreign countries, and foreign organizations and individuals that operate within the territory of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.  Decree 80/ND-CP, 09August, 2006, of the Prime Minister regarding detailed stipulation and guidance on applying the Law of Environmental Protection.  Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, 28February, 2008, amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government‟s Decree 80/ND-CP of 09August, 2006; detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection.  Circular No.05/2008/TT-BTNMT guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment. This Circular repeals Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT of 09September,2006, guiding strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment.  Decision No.13/2006/QD-BTNMT, 08September, 2006, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, regarding stipulation of organizations and operation of the assessment board for reports on Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and EIA.  Decision No: 48/2008/QD-TTg, issued on 03April, 2008 by the Prime Minister, regarding Common General Guidelines on Feasibility Study Preparation for ODA Projects.  Decision 16/2008/QD-BTNMT, 31December, 2008, of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating the National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment. This Decision enclosed 8 National Technical Standard Regulations for the Environment as follows: 1. QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water quality. 2. QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ground water quality. 3. QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality. 4. QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of industries. 5. QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of pulp and paper mills. 6. QCVN 13:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the effluent of textile industries. 7. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater. 8. QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on pesticide residues in soils.

3. Relevant ADB Environmental Guidelines include:  Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, 2009

 Operation Manual Bank Policies (BP) on Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, 2009  Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002.  Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 – Annex 3: Content and Format of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE).  Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Development Projects (November 1991).  Rapid Environmental Checklist. ADB, 2003.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS

A. The subproject area

4. The subprojects within Viet Nam selected for the Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project are located in the Lower Mekong River Basin. The subprojects are related to improving and upgrading of drainage and irrigation canal systems, flood control system, salt water intrusion protection system and bank protection.

Figure 1: Lower Mekong River Basin within Viet Nam B. The Prioritized Projects and Project Location

5. There are five subprojects in Viet Nam that are proposed for improving and upgrading of flood and drought risk management canal and dike system in Lower Mekong River Basin in Viet Nam.

No Name of Subprojects Province New/ Remarks Upgrading/ Rehabilitation 1 Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu Tien Giang New Sluices New Construction An protecting orchard area 26 Sluices

2 Upgrading of Salt water intrusion New Sluices Includes ring dike protection system in Go Cong area and 3 Sluices

3 Improving and upgrading of Plain Dong Thap Upgrading Includes dredging of Reeds flood drainage and Cai Cat, Thong irrigation canal system Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Duc Vang, and Thong Nhat Canal 4 Bank erosion protection for New Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

1. Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area (Tien Giang)

Location

6. Ba Rai – Phu An orchards is close to the North bank of the Mekong River in Cai Lay and Cai Be districts, Tien Giang province (still, called as the Southern area of Nguyen Van Tiep canal in the Water Resources Planning (approved) for the Cuu Long River Delta). Its natural land area is 4,540ha, lying close to the Ba Rai canal in the East and Phu An canal in the West, Binh Phu canal in the North and provincial road No. 864 in the South (along Mekong river bank).

Needs for the subproject

7. Orchard growing is a main activity in Ba Rai – Phu An area, accounting for 51% of all cultivable area. Main constraint for production and people in the region is flooding water, when there are big floods. In 2000 flood, the total damages were 47deaths, 15,721ha of orchards destroyed and losses worth USD53million. After 2000 flood, to protect people‟s life and properties, before flood season, temporary dams were built to prevent orchards flooding and after flood season these dams are demolished for navigation activities. Annually, this cost about VND10 billion (526,315 USD).

Objectives  To save people‟s life and their properties (estimated beneficiary population 370,000);  To improve flood water and contaminated water discharge in flood season;  To increase irrigation water regulation in dry season;  To improve navigation and rural road transportation conditions.

Outline description  Construct 27 new sluices (constructed 10 sluices) for flood control and water regulation in combination with existing sluices and embankment systems

Figure B.6: Flood control steel dam for Figure B.5: Location of Ba Rai-Phu An fruit area protection in Ba Rai-Phu An

2. Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area (Tien Giang)

Location

8. The subproject is in Go Cong District, Tien Giang Province

Needs for the subproject  Water in canals is seriously contaminated. The reason for this may be improper system operation procedure or regulation sluices system not fully developed.

Objectives  Salt water intrusion protection from the Cua Tieu and Vam Co rivers in dry season and from the East sea;  Fresh water conveyance for the whole area in ten months/year;  Improvement of inundation drainage and alkaline water drainage;  In combination with fresh water supply, rural development and environmental reclamation in the region.

Outline description  Construction of three salt water intrusion prevention sluices (Son Quy, Nguyen Van Con and Salisete) and embankments connecting sluices with the existing embankments.

Figure 2: Proposed Nguyen Van Con Sluice- Figure 3: Location of a Proposed sluice - Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area-Tien Giang Province system in Go Cong area

3. Improving and upgrading of Plain of Reeds flood drainage and irrigation canal System (Dong Thap)

Location

9. The Subproject include dredging Cai Cai, Thong Nhat, Tan Cong Chi-Duc Vang, and Thong Nhat Canal, The subproject is situated in Tan Hong, Tam Nong, Thanh Binh district and Hong Ngu Town,

Needs for the subproject  Water in canals is seriously contaminated. The reason for this may be improper system operation procedure or regulation sluices system not fully developed.

Objectives  To save people‟s life, their properties and their sustainable agricultural production (mitigation of flood risk for 520,000 people living in flooded areas out of which about 354,000 persons are farmers);  An additional flood discharge will be 1,332 m3/s benefitting 40,000ha land;  Mitigation of drought risk is for 146,000ha of agricultural land with an additional irrigation discharge of 16 m3/s;  Environmental and ecological conditions in the project area will be improved and local people‟s living standards will be increased; and,  Development of rural transportation and ecological and environmental improvement.

Outline description

Cai Cai Canal  Dredging of 18,053 m main canal  Construction of 43 canal bridges  Construction of 5 sluices

Tan Chi Cong-Doc Vang Ha Canal  Dredging of 17,272m main canal  Construction of 27sluices

Thong Nhat Canal  Dredging of 30,040m main canal  Construction of 29 sluices

Khang Chien Canal  Dredging of 14,000m main canal  Surrounding embankment dimension in combination with rural transportation  Construction of 43 sluices

Figure 4: Existing canal Thong Nhat- A Figure 5: The house owner shows mark of section of 10km long is along the national flood water level by Thong Nhat canal park Tram Chim in Tam Nong district.- Dong Thap Province

4. Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province (Dong Thap)

Location

10. Project area: Bank protection of the Mekong River at Tan Thoi Thuong Town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.

Needs for the subproject  In 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008, there were tens of eroded sites along the Mekong River, at Hong Ngu town, in which bank protection have been done from Government fund and foreign agencies‟ fund. There are, however, many sites seriously eroded, especially Tan Thoi Thuong town that need to be invested to protect 3000 households with a distance of 3.224 km.

Objectives  Protection of Tan Thoi Thuong town: to save and stabilize people life of approximately 10,000 households in Tan Thoi Thuong town, existing infrastructures, transportation networks and public works in Tan Thoi Thuong town.  The environmental landscape in Thuong Thoi Tien town area will be increased to form a protective corridor to prevent invading of local people living along the river bank, in combination with enhanced people‟ living condition, economic, social, tourism development and creating good conditions for economic development in the Viet Nam – Cambodia boundary area.

Outline description

 5.1km long bank protection in the Mekong River at Tan Thoi Thuong town,  Transport road along the bank;

The road surface will be covered by a layer of bitumen concrete with a width of 7.0m. III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Environment

11. The Project area is situated in two Provinces Tien Giang and Dong Thap, that belong to Dong Thap Muoi Area. The detail description of environmental condition for each province is presented below:

1. Climate

Tien Giang

12. Climate is typical of the southwest region with 2 distinct seasons, the rainy season is from May to November and the dry season lasts from December to April next year. The annual average temperature is 27.9oC, the temperature fluctuation between months is not much, around 3-5oC, however, the difference of temperature between day and night is high. Average evaporation is approximately 1183mm (3.4mm/day). The average sunshine hours in a year are from 2082-2331hours.

13. Air humidity is 78.4% per year with seasonal fluctuations. Average annual rainfall is approximately 1628mm,

Dong Thap

14. Climate is typical of the southwest region with 2 distinct seasons, the rainy season is from May to November and the dry season from December to April next year. The average annual temperature is 27oC. The average humidity in Dong Thap is 83%, the highest 100% in the rainy season and the lowest 41% during the dry months. Annual mean evaporation is 1.165mm. The average sunshine hours over the years are 2730 hours (average of 7 hours / day). Average in dry season is from 7.6 to 9.1 hours per day, and average in rainy season is from 5.1 to 7.1 hours per day.

15. The mean annual rainfall is 1.378mm, which is unevenly distributed during the two seasons. Monsoon direction in rainy season is southwest, with frequency of 70%, from May to November. In dry season, monsoon direction is southeast.

16. Summary of climate data of the Project area is presented in

Table 1.

Table 1 : Climate data of the project area (2 provinces)

Indicators Annual Average

Tien Giang Dong Thap Temperature 27.9oC 27oC Number of hours 2730 hours 2082-2331 hours sunshine Rainfall 1219mm, 1.378mm Relative humidity 78.4% 83%

Evaporation 1183 mm 1.165

2. Geology

17. About geology, this project area was formed mostly by sea sediment deposition and alluvial soil of Cuu Long river. At the depth of 50m, there are 2 kinds of sediment: Holocene (new sediment) and Pleistocene (ancient sediment).

3. Topography and Soils

18. The two provinces are located in Mekong delta, which has relatively flat topography with dense river and canal system.

Tien Giang

19. Tien Giang Province‟s terrain is flat, with a slope of below 1%, which is 0-1.6 meters above sea level. It is comprised of three areas, including fruit area alongside the Tien River, Dong Thap Muoi area and the coastal area of Go Cong.

20. The natural land covers an area of 236,663 hectares (ha), divided into main soil groups as followings:  Alluvial soil covers an area of 125,431 ha, accounting for 53% out of the total area. That kind of land mainly spreads in districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, Chau Thanh, Cho Gao, My Tho City, and part of Go Cong Tay District, which has fresh water source.  Salty land covers an area of 34,552 ha, holding 14.6% out of the total area. It is extended in districts of Go Cong Dong, Go Cong Taay, Go Cong Town, and part of Cho Gao District.  Alum land covers an area of 45,912 ha, 19.4% of the total. It is mainly distributed in low, and sunken area of Dong Thap Muoi belonging to districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, and Tan Phuoc in the North. This kind of land has taken its form on coastal salty marsh sediment, created in the retrogressing process of the sea. Therefore, it is rich in alum and organic substances.

Dong Thap

21. Dong Thap is divided into two parts by Tien river: the North and the South. The North of Tien river has a relatively plain topography with the inclination from Northwest to Southeast. The latter, the South, has diversified terrain with the inclination from the two rivers in to the centre.

22. Land resources: may be classified into these groups as follows:  Alluvial soil group has an area of 143,997 ha, which comprises 43.95% of the total land area. This kind of soil is distributed along arroyos, rivers and isles of Tien and Hau river. Annually, silt has raised its level in fields which is favorable condition for the cultivation of short-term industrial crops, fruit trees.  Alum soil group has 140.997 ha, accounts for 42.85% of the natural area. Most of that are sweetened and are suitable for rice crops, fishery breeding giving high productivity and quality.  Grey soil group has an area of 22,545 ha, occupying 6.88% of natural land area. It is distributed in highlands in Tan Hong, Tam Nong and Hong Ngu districts.

4. Surface Water

Tien Giang

Water resources

23. Tien Giang has a dense network of rivers and canals, long coastline facilitate the exchange of goods with the neighborhood and for the farming and fishing of marine products:  Tien River: a major source of fresh water, which flows 115km through the territory of Tien Giang, elevation from the river bed is from 6 m to 16 m, average- 9 m. The river width varies from 600 to 1,800 m; wet section is about 2,500-17,000 m and influenced by tide throughout the year. Flow in dry season (April) around 130 – 190 m3/s.  River Vam Co Tay River: without a source, the river flows mainly from Tien river. Vam Co Tay River is the place, where, the water from Dong Thap Muoi flood get escape routes and is a major saltwater intrusion. The average flow of dry months 9m3/s, the maximum flood flow near 5.000m3 /s.

24. In addition to this, the province has a number of rivers and small canals in the basin of Tien and Vam Co Tay River which is very important in contributing to the circulation, transport of goods and production service as: Cai Coy, Cai Be, Ba Rai, Phong Phu, Rach Ram, Vam Giong, Long Drink, Go Cong, Tra river etc. Most rivers and canals in the province are affected by uneven tide regime. Particularly, in estuaries with strong tidal activity, tidal amplitude at the estuary from 3.5 to 3.6 m, tidal speed 30km/h (1.5 times and 3 times of the Hau River and Red River). Speed of the average flow varies from 0.8 to 0.9 m/s, maximum up to 1.2 m/s and downstream speeds up to 1.5 to 1.8 m/s.

Water quality

25. The surface water quality of some rivers and canals of two subproject areas (Cai Lay and Go Cong Districts) of Tien Giang Province is presented in

Table 2 and Table 3.

Table 2: The result of surface water quality testing in Cai Lay area Viet Nam’s Standard Location of sampling point (QCVN 8/2008/BTNMT) No. Parameter Unit Ba Rai river Canal 12 (Cai Lay A B bridge 1 1 bridge) 1 T C0 2 pH - 6.47 7.54 6 – 8.5 5.5 – 9 3 DO mg/l 2.44 2.47 > 6 > 4 4 TSS mg/l 27 12 20 + 5 NH4 mg/l Un-detected undetected 0.1

6 BOD5 mg/l 3 5 7 Cl- mg/l 21 25 250 600 8 Pb mg/l Undetected undetected 0.02 3- 9 PO4 mg/l 0.21 0.28 0.1 10 Vegetable µg/l Undetected undetected 0.15 0.15 chemicals 11 Oil mg/l Undetected undetected 0.01 0.3

12 Fe mg/l 0.38 0.55 0.5 2 - 13 NO2 mgN/l 0.04 0.09 0.01 0.04 - 14 NO3 mgN/l 1.28 1.41 2 10 + 15 NH4 mgN/l Undetected undetected 0.1 0.5 3- 16 PO4 mg/l 0.21 0.28 0.1 0.3

18 COD mgO2/l 10 15 10 < 35 19 Coliform MPN/100ml 1.1 x 103 9 x 103 2500 7500 20 E.coli MPN/100ml 90 90 20 21 Color N/A N/A 22 Smell N/A N/A 23 Activated mg/l Undetected undetected 0.1 surface Source: Service of Natural Resources’ and Environment Department, Tien Giang province Column A1: Good for domestic water supply and other purposes as A2, B1, B2 Column B1: Used for irrigation and drainage or other purposes with similar water quality demand as type B2

26. The results show that the surface water quality in Cai Lay district is relatively good. Comparing to column A1 only the dissolved oxygen and the bacteria and organism exceed - the standard, other parameters like NH4, Cl , NO3 qualify the standard in column A1. Comparing with column B1 all parameters meet the requirements.

Table 3: Data of water quality testing at Go Cong town + - p D T C B NH 4 Cl NO 2 N P Pb Fe Activ Coli E.Co - - H O S O O mg/l mg/l O O mg/l mg/l ated for li 3- Parame m S D D5 m 3 4 surfa m MPN ter g/ m m m g/ m m ce MP / 100 l g/ g/ g/l l g/ g/ mg/l N/1 ml 00 Notatio l l l l ml n, Locatio n M24- 6, 3, 3 3 15 unde 5 0,03 0, 0, unde 0,14 unde 4.10 90 Vinh 9 4 9 3 tecte 3 8 3 tecte tecte 4 Binh 2 9 d 0 6 1 d d bridge M25- 7, 2, 8 8 36 0,83 6 0,01 0, 0, unde unde unde 4.10 unde Dong 7 0 3 7 3 1 tecte tecte tecte 2 tecte Son 4 0 7 5 d d d d bridge 0 M26- 7, 3, 2 3 16 0,28 7 0,02 0, 0, unde 0,05 unde 4,6. 9,3.1 Long 0 3 0 9 4 9 3 tecte tecte 106 02 Chanh 1 5 0 7 7 d d bridge M27- 7, 2, 7 1 7 unde 1 unde 1, 0, unde 0,09 unde 4,6. 2,1.1 Tan 1 5 9 tecte 0 tecte 0 2 tecte tecte 105 02 Hoa 4 0 d 9 d 1 1 d d bridge 5 M28- 7, 2, 2 2 9 unde 1 unde 0, 0, unde 0,29 unde 7.10 23 Can 1 3 2 5 tecte 5 tecte 8 5 tecte tecte 2 Loc 7 8 d 0 d 6 8 d d sluice 0 M29- 7, 4, 5 2 9 unde 1 unde 0, 0, unde unde unde 4.10 unde Vam 7 2 7 tecte 7 tecte 5 6 tecte tecte tecte 2 tecte Thap 0 7 d 3 d 2 4 d d d d sluice 0 M30-Lo 7, 2, 3 9 41 unde 5 0,04 0, 0, unde 0,37 unde 4,6. 7,5.1 O sluice 0 9 3 3 tecte 2 4 4 tecte tecte 107 04 7 d 1 7 3 d d 3 M31- 7, 2, 5 8 38 unde 5 0,01 0, 0, unde 0,46 unde 9,3. 7.103 Rach 4 9 9 6 tecte 6 6 1 tecte tecte 107 Nhiem 1 4 d 5 1 8 d d bridge 0 M32-Ly 3, 3, 5 1 5 unde 5 unde 0, 1, unde 0,16 unde 4,6. 1,5.1 Quan 6 4 2 tecte 7 tecte 5 5 tecte tecte 106 04 bridge 4 0 d 2 d 4 3 d d 5 QCVN 6  2 1 4 0,1 2 0,01 2 0, 0,02 0,5 0,1 250 20 08:2008 – 6 0 0 5 1 0 /BTNM 8, 0 T 5 (column A1) (Source: Service of Natural Resources and Environment, Tien Giang province, 2010)

27. The results show that:  pH is from 3.64 – 7.7: qualifies standard in column A1 at most of points, except M32.  DO is from 2.04 – 4.27 mg/l: do not meet standard in column A1 for all points.  TSS is from 5 – 59mg/l: most of points do not qualify standard in column A1 and exceed highest at M31 (2.95 times higher than column A1), 4 points M25, M27, M29 and M32 qualify standard in column A1.  COD is from 12 – 93mg/l: do not meet the standard in column A1 for all points, the highest is M30 (9.3 times higher than column A1).

 BOD5 is from 5 – 41mg/l: do not meet the standard in column A1 for all points, the highest is M30 (10.25 times higher than column A1). +  NH 4 is from undetected to 0,83 mg/l: most of points meet standard in column A1, but M25 (8.3 times higher) and M26 (2.8 times higher).  Cl- is from 530 – 6700 mg/l: most of points do not meet standard in column A1, and exceed highest at M25 (26.8 times higher than column A1). -  NO 2 is from undetected to 0.04 mg/l: most of points meet standard in column A1, but M24, M26, M30 and get highest at M30 (4 times higher than column A1). -  NO 3 is from 0.37 – 1.01 mg/l: meet standard in column A1 for all points. 3-  PO 4 is from 0.15 – 1.53 mg/l: do not meet standard in column A1 for all points and exceed highest at M32 (15.3 times higher than column A1).  Pb: undetected for all points  Fe is from undetected to 0.46 mg/l: meet standard in column A1 for all points.  Coliform is from 400 – 93000000 MPN/100 ml: do not meet the standard in column A1 for most of points and exceed highest M31 (37200 times higher than column A1), except 3 points M25, M28 and M29.  E.Coli is from undetected to 75000 MPN/100ml: do not meet the standard in column A1 for most of points and exceed highest M30 (375 times higher than column A1), except 2 points M25 and M29.

Dong Thap

Water resources

28. River system in Dong Thap consists of two main tributaries Tien River and Hau River. River water flow average 11,500m3/s. The largest flow is 41,504m3/s and the lowest flow is 2000m3/s. Surface water year-round fresh, not saline.

29. Water resources of Northern area of the province have been provided by So Thuong, So Ha, Tapek Rivers and Lower Fan. Along with the main canal systems, such as Tan Thanh-Lo Gach canal, Hong Ngu - Vinh Hung, An Binh, Dong Tien, Nguyen Van Tiep A; Rach Gia Sa Dec, Rach Lap Vo is the main axis of the dominant water distribution throughout the province . However, water is not evenly distributed in the year, dry season water level is low so most of the cultivated area needs pump irrigation; during flood season water is too much, causing serious flooding, which affects production and people's lives, but the same time brings aquatic resources and field inning.

Water quality

30. According to monitoring results of Dong Thap DONRE during 2005-2009, the surface water quality in the province has a sign of pollution.

31. The pollution by organic matters is evidence at all monitoring point in Tien; Hau rives and in some main canals (Trung Uong, Tan Thanh, Nguyen Van Tiep, Kinh Xang etc). The COD and BOD values vary between 16-222mg/l and 8-74 mg/l respectively, exceeding limited permission in Viet Nam‟s Standard QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT, column A2 about 2-15 times. The pollution level in canal is always higher than that in river.

32. The DO level has tendency to increase in 2009, however during 2005-2008 DO level varies between 3-4.1 mg/l lower than permitted standard in QCVN 08/2008/BTNMT, column A2.

+ - 33. The nutrient parameters N-NH4 and NO3 has tendency to increase during 2005- 2009. The increments varied between 1.3-2.1 times and almost all analytical samples in province exceeded the permitted standard by 1.06-10 times. Results of surface water quality monitoring conducted by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Hong Ngu district in March and September 2009 at a number of places in the district as follows:

Table 4 : Surface water quality in Hong Ngu District

Parameters Sample Monitoring - - BOD5 COD SS DO NO3 NO2 N-NH3 Coliform number time pH (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/100ml)

NM1 3/2009 6.88 15 19 45 3.61 6.16 0.0198 0.079 24x102

9/2009 7.7 15 24 124 5.4 30.07 0.1346 0.056 11x103

NM2 3/2009 6.79 18 25 32 3.45 6.69 0.0264 0.088 15x103

9/2009 7.56 17 26 197 5.5 18.15 0.0525 0.168 20x103

NM3 3/2009 7.10 12 20 132 3.33 8.36 0.0858 0.087 11x103

9/2009 7.11 22 30 114 5.3 14.17 0.1707 0.224 93x103

NM4 9/2009 7.24 17 24 259 5.3 11.07 0.1248 0.168 11x103

NM5 9/2009 7.12 19 28 105 5.1 30.1 0.0919 0.112 21x103

NM6 9/2009 7.36 19 30 128 5.5 11.07 0.0788 0.056 20x103

NM7 9/2009 7.60 26 31 233 5.4 24.79 0.1051 0.112 23x103

NM8 9/2009 7.71 15 26 224 5.3 10.62 0.0394 0.280 43x103

NM9 9/2009 7.5 10 18 137 4.2 14.17 0.0197 0.112 11x103

NM10 9/2009 7.68 17 27 103 4.2 12.39 0.0262 0.336 21x103

QCVN 6.0- 6 15 30 ≥5 5 0.02 0.2 5x103 08:2008/BTNMT cột 8.5 A2

Note - NM1: Thuong Phuoc Boder gate - NM2: Ferry station from Thuong Thoi Tien to Tan Chau - NM3: Intersection of River Cai Vung and Tien river - NM4: Thuong Thoi Hau A Market - NM5: Thuong Thoi Hau B Market - NM6: Phu Thuan A Commune People Committee office

- NM7: Central Bridge of Thuong Thoi Tien Commune - NM8: Muong Mieu Boat Station - NM9: Bridge Ut Goc of Thuong Thoi Tien Commune - NM10: Ferry station Muoi Dau of Phu Thuan Commune

34. Water monitoring results in a number of industrial fish ponds in the district show that aquaculture water pollution is quite heavy, most of the parameters were observed exceeded the standard QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2. Only water samples at two communes Phuoc Thuong 2 and Thuong Thoi Tien has a pH , N - NH3, total N and total, P does not exceed standard QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2, the rest are beyond permitted standards such as BOD exceeds QCVN 08/2008-BTNMT column A2 1.2 - 1.6 times, COD exceeded the standard 1.2 - 1.4 times, SS exceeding 2.12 - 2.6 times, coliform in fish pond of Thuong Phuoc 2 commune is over 22 times, and in Thuong Thoi Tien Commune in 80.2 times higher than the permitted standards.

5. Groundwater

Tien Giang

35. The province has three potential aquifers: large, medium quality and with good quality, including the Pliocene, Lower Pliocene and Miocene. Distribution of these units is concentrated in My Tho, Cai Lay; depth is ranging from 150 – 400 m. Elsewhere, exploitation capacity is limited. At My Tho, flows being exploited are more than 40.000 m3/day night. Type of water is mainly bicarbonate - sodium, chloride-sodium; temperature 28-30oC; pH6 - 8.3.

Dong Thap

36. Based on the hydro-geological characteristics that can split water storage units in order from top to bottom, characteristics are as follows:  Aquifer I: poor water, bad water quality, water type sulphate - calcium - magnesium, does not meet drinking water needs. A total area of about 30% accounted for 1.036km2 natural areas in the province. This floor lies at depths from 35 – 50 m.  Aquifer II: Water quality is irregular, the total mineralization is from 0.5 to 2.7g/l, water flow <1.5g/l, with water level and irrigation capacity on average. A total area of about 34% accounted for 1.168km2 area of the province. This layer lies at a depth of 90- 120m.  Aquifer III: mineralization of 1.9 to 3.47g/l, the depth distribution in 135 - 170m in the upper N2 - 2b was saline. A total area is about 25% accounted for 848km2 area of the province. This layer lies at a depth of 140 - 150m  Aquifer IV: Distribution of depth of 190-200 m, flow 14–26 l/s, total dissolved 0.5 - 0.6g/l, good water quality, water type bicarbonate - Sodium degree of water in abundance, quality, stability, a floor-level prospects in the region. A total area is approximately 23% accounted for 788km2 area of the province. This whole area lies at a depth of 200 - 270m  Aquifer V: distribution in depth 350m or less, good water quality, water pressure, temperature <3600C. This is the storage of water supply outlook for the region. A 2 total area about 3.176 km , V accounted for 94% area of the province.

6. Air Quality and Noise

Tien Giang

37. The results of air quality monitoring by Tien Giang DONRE in urban and industrial areas during 2008-2010 are presented in Table 5

Table 5: Air quality monitoring results in urban and industrial areas (Unit: mg/m3)

3 Annual Average (mg/m ) QCVN No. Parameter Air quality in urban area Air quality in Industrial Park 05:2009/ 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 BTNMT No. of 68 52 26 4 4 2 samples 1 Dust 0.69 0.74 0.36 1.40 2.88 0.26 0.3

2 SO2 0.0190 0.0341 0.1259 0.0487 0.0338 0.0823 0.35

3 NO2 0.0147 0.0268 0.0976 0.0218 0.0230 0.0974 0.2 4 CO 5.441 6.003 3.757 7.63 6.25 4.19 30 Source: Air Quality Monitoring Results of DONRE Tien Giang province in the years 2008, 2009, quarter and quarter II/2010.

38. The results show that: Air quality in urban, densely populated town of Tien Giang province is mainly polluted by suspended dust levels that exceed QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT from 1.19 times (2010) to 2.46 times (2009). The increase in the number of cars and motorcycles in recent years in urban areas has caused noise pollution, dust and air. In the near future air pollution caused by emissions from vehicles traffic flow through urban areas will become a source of major air pollutants in urban areas of the province.

39. Air quality in Industrial Park embodied in the parameters such as SO2, NO2, CO generally meets levels of QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT. However, the suspended dust contents are in excess of 4.2times to 7.6times. Pollution is caused mainly by vehicle traffic in the Industrial Park.

40. Regarding noise pollution in urban and industrial zones, the results of noise monitoring in urban and industrial zones in the province of Tien Giang in the period 2008 - 2010 are presented in Table 6:

Table 6: Results of noise monitoring in urban and Tien Giang Industrial Park (Unit: dBA) TCVN 5949 - 1998 Parameter Value 2008 2009 2010 (6h–18h) Noise level Total 68 52 26 in urban samples area Average 72,7 71,6 69,1 75 Noise level Total 4 4 2 in Industrial samples area Average 74,2 72,0 74,5 75 Source: Air Quality Monitoring Results of DONRE Tien Giang province in the years 2008, 2009, quarter and quarter II/2010.

41. The calculated results show that the average noise level has not exceeded the permitted standard. Comparing the noise level of urban and industrial zones, industrial zones have higher noise level from 0.4 to 5.4 dBA.

42. Air quality in the rural environment is generally better than that of urban areas and the dust suspended parameter tend to be improve by the province‟s efforts as the province is actively implementing the concrete road program in rural areas. On the other hand, the strong economic garden development, scattered tree planting, farm economy, has contributed to environmental improvements (e.g. increased vegetation cover and limit dust, noise, smell etc.)

Dong Thap

43. The results of air quality monitored by Dong Thap DONRE in urban and industrial areas during 2005-2009 show that air pollution in Dong Thap province occur locally and is caused mainly because of transportation and handicraft industries in villages. The air quality can be generally assessed as follows:

44. Three parameters: SO2, NO2, CO is generally meets QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT  Noise and dust noise exceeded the permitted standard in urban, industrial area, and school areas because of high transportation density. At some monitoring points of urban areas like post office area, Sadec town, Ward 1 Sadec town and Market Cai Tau Ha the dust and noise exceeded permitted level from 1.27 to 7.1 times. In industrial areas Sa Dec and Tran Quoc Toan, dust and noise concentration exceeded permitted level from 1.05 to 5 times  Hydro carbon has also been detected with concentation 0.9 and 1.8 mg/m3 in industrial area and at traffic intersections.  At dumping sites, Ammonia concentration exceeded permitted level 21times and H2S varied

B. Ecological Resources and Sites of Archaeological Significance

1. Protected areas, endangered species Forests and ecosystems

Tien Giang

45. With typical wetland resource, Tien Giang Province has formed the ecosystem to the following:  The freshwater ecosystem: This is the focus of ecological forms of agriculture and fruit growing areas, including fruit tree area on the island and populated areas along the Tien river in the districts of Cai Be, Cai Lay, Chau Thanh and My Tho city, with a verdant orchard in the four seasons, and, the vast intricate canal water.  The mangrove ecosystem: The above form the mangrove ecosystem (tiger, parrot etc.).

46. Based on these natural conditions, these areas have formed the sea resort, resorts, swimming, sightseeing areas alum-flooded ecosystem, with mangrove forest ecosystems, typical of the Mekong River Delta. The alum flooded forest areas in Dong Thap Muoi reappear in Tan Phuoc District, Tien Giang with the center of 100 hectares and the buffer surrounded by 1.800ha mangrove forest. This is a vast field with alum flooded unique ecosystem in Viet Nam, the species of plant and animal endemism, such as melaleuca, eagles, strabismus, birds, flamingo, pythons, turtles, bees, etc. serve as best place for the research work of scientists as well as relaxing place to visit.

47. Biodiversity resources of the forests of Tien Giang province is now no longer plentiful as before, because apart from 100 hectares of pristine mangrove forest at Tan Phuoc district, the remaining forest area is mainly sea protection mangrove forest.

48. In recent years the forest resources of the province of Tien Giang has shown a trend of decline. The changes of the provincial forest area to 2009 are presented in Table 7:

Table 7: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 Concentrated plantation area 31 81 169 183 (ha)

Scattered plantation area (ha) 2.200 2.310 1.906 2.116 Forest area under care (ha) 8.516 11.784 10.795 9.836

Restored Mangrove forest (ha) 30 - - -

Total area (ha) 14.015 13.186 11.911 10.845 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Tien Giang province in 2008, 2009

49. The ecological resources in subproject sites (Cai Lay and Go Cong District) are quite abundant and diversified with typical wild animals and flora of Dong Thap Muoi. The typical plants in flooded alkaline land are regenerated cajuput, aegiceras and some valuable animals as fresh water fish, shrimp, sugpo prawn etc., besides, some plants cultivated, there are a few brackish floristic compositions outside the embankment. Wide animals no longer exist due to the urbanization and intensive cultivation; the aquatic vegetables living in the waterways tend to change the species‟ composition to adapt the new environment caused by closing the salinity prevention sluice.

50. The subprojects sites are not located in the environmental sensitive or biodiversity rich areas.

Dong Thap

51. Dong Thap Province has many special-use forests: Tram Chim National Park, Xeo Quyt Relic, and Go Thap Relic. The most important ecological reserve is Tram Chim National Park.

52. Tram Chim National Park comprises of 7,600 ha of protected wetland in Tam Nong District, Dong Thap province, 240 km southwest of Ho Chi Minh City. The Viet Namese Government has recognized Tram Chim as a national park in December 1998, thus preserving one of the last extensive remnants of grasslands and freshwater swamp forests in the Mekong Delta.

53. Tram Chim (Bird Marsh) is in one of the lowest areas of the Mekong River floodplain, and monsoon floodwaters inundate the area four to six months every year. Peak floods may reach five metres. During the wet season (June to November), Tram Chim looks like a huge lake dotted with islands of melaleuca, a species of the paper-bark tree, Melaleuca cajuputi. During the dry season (December to May) visitors can find vast grasslands intermingled with melaleuca.

54. The grasslands and forests of Tram Chim harbour is a diverse large lush, freshwater wetlands ecosystems with more than 160 native plants, more than 200 bird species, and 60 species of freshwater fish.

55. Tram Chim is now the only place in the Mekong Delta with extensive areas of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) and lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Above all, Tram Chim is famous for its birds. Twelve species of birds recorded at Tram Chim are classified as globally threatened or near-threatened, including the sarus crane, Bengal florican, greater adjutant, lesser adjutant, greater spotted eagle, black-headed ibis and black-faced spoonbill, painted stork, Asian openbill, oriental darter, grey-headed lapwind and Asian golden weaver.

56. The eastern sarus crane (Grusantigone sharpii) is the park's most important species. The discovery of a large flock of sarus cranes in 1984 attracted attention from conservation groups and government agencies, resulting in the site being declared as a provincial protected area and, finally, as a national park. The magnificent sarus crane is the world's tallest flying bird. It migrates between breeding grounds in northern Cambodia and southern Laos and non-breeding areas in north-western Cambodia and the Mekong Delta. Sarus cranes start to move to non-breeding areas in December and return to breeding sanctuaries in May-June. Tram Chim grasslands provide a key non-breeding area for cranes. The number of sarus cranes flying to Tram Chim is highest during March and April.

57. The natural forest in Dong Thap province is only Indigo forest. In 2010, its area is 3400 ha, 1000 ha less than that in 2009. The production forest resources of the province of Dong Thap also have tendency to decline because the forest owners do not reforest after exploitation as they do not have any income to cover investment. The changes of the provincial production forest area from 2005 to 2009 are presented in Table 8.

Table 8: Forest area in Tien Giang province from 2006 to 2009 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Concentrated plantation 470 204 372 376 397 area (ha) Scattered trees (1000 trees) 6053 6537 6405 6760 6540 Bamboo trees (1000 trees) 6370 5138 4437 4467 3911 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Dong Thap province, 2009

58. Subproject upgrading canal Khang Chien is proposed approximately 1 km of border of Tram chim area. However, the construction activities would have negligible or no impact on birds‟ normal life.

2. Flora and fauna

59. Dong Thap Muoi is one of the most important areas in the Mekong Delta for both resident and migratory waterfowl, and is most important area for the endangered eastern race of the Sarus Crane Grus Antigone sharpii hitherto known. The crane was a common breeding bird in the area some 30–40 years ago, but disappeared completely during the war years and has returned only recently as a no breeding visitor during the dry season. Groups of 10–20 birds were observed by Viet Namese biologists in early 1985. Since then, the population has increased rapidly and each year the birds have stayed longer in the area. Estimated 400-500 cranes were present in January, 1988 and more than 1,000 were recorded in April,1988. Some cranes are now present all year except in September and October, when the land is deeply flooded.

60. The largest concentrations of water flow occur during the winter months, as water levels are decreasing. A concentration of 20,000-30,000 ducks, mainly Anas querquedula with some A. acuta and A. Penelope, was observed in December 1987. Other common species include Phoiacrocorax niger, Ardeola bacchus and several species of Egretta, Ardea purpurea, A. cinerea, Anas poecilorhyncha, Metopidius indicus, Himantopus himanlopus, Glareola maldivarum, Pluvialis dominica, Numenius arquata, Tringa totanus, T. nebularia, T. stagnatilis and T. glareola. The storks Mycteria leucocephala, Ephippiorhynclzus asiaticus and Leptoptilos javanicus and the ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus are regular visitors in small numbers. It is possible that the endangered White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni and Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea still exist in the area, although none has been seen in recent years. The harriers Circus (aeruginosus) spilonotus and C. melanoleucos are common winter visitors. The list of bird species in Tram Chim National Park is presented in Annex 1. Mammals include an otter Lutra sp. The rich reptilian fauna includes a wide variety

of snakes and turtles. The dominant fishes are species of Ophiocephalus, Clarias and Anabas.

Figure 6: The number of Sarus crane visiting the park has increased from 89 in 2006, to 125 in 2007, and to 126 birds in 2008

61. The presence of flora and fauna were analyzed keeping in view the scope of work of present project activities. Consultations with park authorities as well as local communities were undertaken to assess presence of wildlife and likely impacts of project activities on movement of wildlife. Local communities and park authorities informed that presence of wildlife in the project areas is rare and as such no major impacts are identified. However, to mitigate any unexpected impacts during the implementation of the project, appropriate mitigation measures are recommended in the environmental management plan.

3. Fisheries

Tien Giang

62. Situated at the end of Cuu Long River, Tien Giang has 32 km of seashore. The system of rivers and canals is stretching throughout the province. Therefore, Tien Giang has rich, and diversified fishery resources with many races, species that live in fresh water, salt water, and brackish water. It is convenient for exploiting, rearing, and processing aquatic products, and transferring goods to Ho Chi Minh City and other provinces by roadways, and waterways.

63. Fishing is a traditional profession in Tien Giang and developed systems of logistic services exist there. The boats team of fishery exploitation includes 1,200 boats with average capacity of 128.9CV/boat. The team of fishing men is experienced, and professional. The exploitation output reaches 65,000 tons/year.

64. Go Cong costal area has about 7,500 ha for salt-water aqua culture, brackish aqua culture, and other species with high economic values such as red arca and common tiger prawn. Fresh water zone has crayfish, and other kinds of small fishes for processing fish sauce, fish powder, and being fish for cattle. There fishes are kept in ponds, lakes, rice fields, and in rafts along Tien River. The aquaculture sector has an area of 10,765hectares. Its output is about 46,570 tons/year. Main export products are all kinds of frozen shrimp, etc. Main export markets are EU, Japan, United States, Canada, Taiwan, and China (source: http://asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn)

Dong Thap

65. With the terrain water topography, aquaculture products are given second place of importance after rice. Aquaculture is extensively developed in the province. The main resources are catfish, basa fish and prawn. Water area for aquaculture has reached more than 6,000 ha, the farmers focus on rearing shrimp in rice fields, and rearing fish in alluvial area of Tien and Hau rivers. This area has a great potential to develop into key regional aquaculture. Yearly this province supplies more than 245,000 tons of fish and thousands tons of shrimp for processing and export has reached a turnover of several hundred million dollars.

4. Sites of Archaeological Significance

Tien Giang

66. Tien Giang province is rich in cultural relics and ecological history. The famous sites are: Oc Eo –Go Thanh cultural relics, (from I to VI century AD); historical site Rach Gam – Xoai Mut, relics of Ap Bac; many historical tombs, temples such as Truong Dinh Tomb, the Royal tomb, Tu Kiet, Vinh Trang Pagoda, Buu Lam Pagoda. Many ecotourism sites such as orchard in Thoi Son, Ngu Hiep, Dong Tam snake farm, ecological zones in Dong Thap Muoi, sea Go Cong.

67. Those cultural and historical sites are located far from the project sites, so, no impact would occur during construction activities.

Dong Thap

68. Tram Chim National Park is famous for Red head cranes. In thousands of hectares of mangrove forests and wild meadows of a small collection of Dong Thap Muoi, hundreds of rare species of wetlands are being preserved and protected. Xeo Quyt is a tourist area, which was the base of the Provincial Committee of Kien Phong during the war, this place also known for its pristine mangrove forests and monuments of a historical period of Dong Thap province.

69. Area Gao Giong is ecological tourism, which is known as the green lung in the centre of the Plain of Reeds. Go Thap relic is located in the heart of the Dong Thap Muoi area and is famous for its ancient culture. Each piece of pottery, every brick, every stone, etc. are unearthed conveys mysterious signal on Oc Eo culture of Fu nam people who lived 1,500 years ago. It also has many ancient temples with two festivals each year the attract thousands of tourists. At the center of the city, Cao Lanh is also a relic of Nguyen Sinh Sac - father of President Ho Chi Minh Dong Thap, and has many ancient temples. The most famous temple of Kien An Cung, represents a religious and cultural works.

Table 9: Pagodas and temples and protected area situated near Subproject areas

No Pagoda/Temple Province District Commune / Pagoda / Estimated Village Temple near distance from Subproject area 1. Truong Dinh Tien Gò Gia Upgrading the 12 km to the Tomb, Giang Công Thuan/Hamlet salinity intrusion East , Đông 2 control system 2. Truong Dinh Gò Ward 2 in Go Cong area 3 km in all monument Công directions Town 3. the Royal Tomb Gò Long Hung 3 km to the Công North-

No Pagoda/Temple Province District Commune / Pagoda / Estimated Village Temple near distance from Subproject area 4. Tu Kiet, Vinh Cai Lay Cai Lay Town Upgrading 2 Km to the Trang Pagoda, Town Flood control North-east 5. Long Khánh Cai Lậy Long Khánh system in Ba 8 km to the Temple Rai – Phu An East 6. Cai Lậy Cai Lậy Town area 1,5 km to the Kim Tiên Pagoda North-east 7. Archaeological Cai Lậy Tân Hội 2 km to the site Buu Thap North-east Pagoda 8. Archaeological Dong Tân Thông Bình, Improving and About 4 km to site Gò Công Éc Thap Hồng upgrading flood the West control and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds- Upgrading Cai Cai canal

9. Archaeological Tân Bình Phú, Upgrading About 3.5 km site Go Chua Hồng Thong Nhat to the East canal

10. Archaeological Tân Tân Thành B, Upgrading Cai About 8 km to site Go Chua Hồng, Cai canal the West Tam Au. Here, some artifacts, relics of archaeological cultures Eo, Óc Eo, were found 11. Archaeological Tân Tân Hộ Cơ Upgrading Cai About 9 km to site Gò Tàu, Hồng, Cai canal the West found in 1992

12. Archaeological Tân Tân Thành B Upgrading Cai About 8.5 km site Tân Long Hồng Cai canal to the West Tự, found in Tân Long pagoda

13. Archaeological Tân Bình Phú Dredging Thong About 3.5 km site found in Hồng Nhat canal to the East Thiện Tự Pagoda, It are Oc Eo cultural relics

14. Long Khanh Hồng Long Phước Thuong Thoi 3.5 km to the Temple Ngự, Hamlet, Long Thuong River West Khánh A Bankment/Hong commune Ngu River Bankment

No Pagoda/Temple Province District Commune / Pagoda / Estimated Village Temple near distance from Subproject area 15. Long Thuan Hồng Long Thới B Thuong Thoi 7 Km to the Temple Ngự Hamlet, Long Thuong River West Thuận Bankment/Hong commune Ngu River Bankment 16. Tram Chim Tam Tràm Chim Dredging Khang About 1.5 km National Park Nông, town Chien canal to the North Phú Đức Dredging Tan About 2 km to Commune Cong Chi-Doc the East Vang Ha canal Phú Hiệp Dredging Tan About 2 km to Commune Cong Chi-Doc the West Vang Ha canal Phú Thành B Dredging Thong About 1.5 km Commune Nhat canal to the East Phú Thọ Dredging Thong About 2 km to Commune Nhat canal the East Tân Công Dredging Tan About 9 km to Sính Cong Chi-Doc the West commune Vang Ha canal 17. Dinh Doc-Binh Thanh Village Nam, Dredging Khang About 9 km to Vang Cultural Bình Comune Tân Chien canal the West Relics Thạnh

C. Human and economic development

1. Population

70. In 2009, the population of Tien Giang and Dong Tháp provinces is 1.673.900 and 1.667.700 respectively. The detail population structure is presented in Table 10.

Table 10: The population in 3 provinces, 2009 (thousands)

Density Province Population Area Urban Rural (persons/ (km2) km2) Total Male Female Tiền Giang 1673.9 822.6 851.3 2484.2 674 230.5 1443.4 Đồng Tháp 1667.7 833.4 834.3 3375.4 494 287.5 1380.2 Source: General Statistical Office 2009.

2. Economic development

Tien Giang

71. Gross domestic product (GDP) at constant 1994 prices in the province in 2005 was 8167 billion. It is expected to increase to 13,735 billion in 2010, the average` growth rate for 2006-2010 is 11.0%, achieving the objectives of the plan (11-12% per year). The agriculture, forestry and fishing, in particular has increased average by 5.1%per year, industry and construction increased by 19.5% per year, service sector increased by 12.4%. per year.

Dong Thap

72. The economic structure of the province is changing from agricultural sector to industrial sector. Particularly, structure of agricultural sector has decreased from 43% (2005) to 40% (2009), meanwhile, structure of industrial sector increased to7% and service sector increased to 1% during 2005-2009.

73. The value of industrial production (constant 1994 prices) during 2006-2009 is 34%– 25%. The Retail of goods and services sector counted for 31.43% of province GDP. Agricultural sector continues developing forward in diversifying crops and livestock; increasing product quality and production productivity. The average growth rate of agriculture, forest and fishery during 2006–2009 and 2009 accounts for 6.89%, and 4.18%, respectively.

74. The output value of agriculture, forest and fishery; Industry; and retail of goods and services in 3 provinces are presented in Table 11:

Table 11: Structure of the economical sector in the two Provinces (billion dong) Province 2006 2007 2008 Tien Giang - Agriculture, forest and fishery 5302.4 55110 5742.8 - Industry 7486.9 9583.2 13057.6 - Retail of goods and services 10505 13002.3 15413.6 Dong Thap - Agriculture, forest and fishery 5561.9 5719.1 6098.1 - Industry 8455.9 11900 18095 - Retail of goods and services 9256.7 1278.9 16891 Source General Statistic Office, 2008

3. Income, employment and poverty incidence

Tien Giang

75. According to the report of the provincial People's Committee of Tien Giang, GDP per capita in 2010 was estimated to increase 2.6 times in 2005, from 7.8 million in 2005, which is expected to increase to 20.5 million in 2010 (equivalent to $1,130 ), exceeding the planned (Resolution Provincial Party target strives $900-930, PPC target strives $950-1020). The employment rate in urban area is about 96% and the poverty rate in 2010 is 7.04%

Dong Thap

76. GDP growth rate per capita was from USD 406 in 2005, which increased to USD 610 in 2008 and USD691 (equivalent to 7631 VND) in 2009. This indicates that the annual income per person increased quite quickly. However, this income is equal only to 75.5% of average income per person in Mekong Delta.

77. The poverty rate of the province has decreased from 13.59% in 2005 to 7% in 2008 and 5.69% in 2009

4. Land use

78. The status of land use in the Project Area is presented in Table 12. Table 12: Status of land use in the Project Area (2009) Province Total Non- Unused Agricultural land (ha) Natural Agricultural land

area (ha) land (ha) (ha) Total Yearly Forest crops Tien Giang (2009) 248,417 192.334 97.647 10.028 48.602 7.481 Dong Thap (2009) 337,407 463,701 8,637 458,362 70,506 - Source: Environmental State report 2005-2010 of, Tien Giang, Dong Thap provinces.

5. Education and health 79. Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and general education of three provinces are presented in Table 13:

Table 13: Number of schools, classes, teachers and pupils of kindergarten and general education of two provinces Province Tien Giang Dong Thap 2008 2009 2008 2009 Kindergarten School(Schools) 117 128 162 170 Class (Class) 1311 1272 1542 1763 Teacher (Pers.) 1448 1421 1799 2077 Pupil (Thous. Pupil) 46.1 43.3 45.1 48.4 General education Primary (Schools) 229 229 316 317

Lower Secondary (Schools) 120 124 137 137

Upper Secondary (Schools) 29 31 40 42 Primary and lower secondary 1 1 - 10 Lower and upper Secondary 5 3 - -

Total (Schools) 384 388 493 506

Total (Classrooms) 7138 6961 7353 7263 Primary (Teachers) 5397 5570 6581 6878 Lower Secondary (Teachers) 4995 5007 5021 5076 Upper Secondary (Teachers) 2041 2096 2434 2812 Total (Teachers) 12433 12673 14036 14766

Primary (Pupils) 130289 138434 135420 139861

Lower Secondary (Pupils) 99315 93516 88726 94096 Upper Secondary (Pupils) 43489 41297 46415 44819

Total (Pupils) 273093 273827 275351 273406

Source: General Statistic Office, 2010.

80. The existing health systems in two provinces are presented in Table 14:

Table 14: Existing Health System in two Provinces Province Tien Giang Dong Thap

2008 2009 2008 2009 Health establishment Hospital 16 16 12 12

Regional polyclinic 16 15 13 13 Sanatorium and rehabilitation 1 1 hospital Medical service unit 169 169 142 144 Total 201 200 168 170 Number of Patient Beds Hospital (beds) 2120 2478 2440 2775

Regional polyclinic (beds) 260 285 150 150

Sanatorium and rehabilitation 0 0 80 100 hospital (beds) Medical service unit (beds) 817 845 788 793

Total (Beds) 3197 3608 3458 3818 Number of medical staff (person) Doctor (persons) 757 774 762 780

Physician (persons) 805 819 990 1055

Nurse (persons) 907 920 1029 1219

Midwife (persons) 387 422 414 504

Source: General Statistic Office, 2010.

Tien Giang  The rate of commune‟s health stations with Doctor: 100% in 2010  The rate of doctor / 10 thousand populations: 6  Rate of hospital bed / 10 thousand populations: 26

Dong Thap  The rate of doctor / 10 thousand populations: 4.7  Rate of hospital bed / 10 thousand populations: 22.9

6. Access to water supply

Tien Giang

81. In general, the surface water resources in the province are abundant. However, the only one water resource with good water quality, to serve peoples‟ and cultivation needs, comes from the Cuu Long River. The less fresh water resource is in closer areas of the East sea; fresh water shortages and salinity intrusion are rather serious in Go Cong area; and the area in Tan Phuoc district of Plains of Read suffers from acid sulphate water.

Dong Thap

82. So far, the province has 305 built water supply stations, 8,000 wells with hand pumps and 16,579 water filters have been distributed. In addition to this, the households have built more than 1,200 water tanks (type 4m3).

83. In 2000, the percentage of rural population access to water supply source was 28.24% (from which 18.24% were supplied by water supply projects) and in 2005 was 60.48% (from which 43% were supplied by water supply projects) and in 2006 was 68.5% (from which 51.5% or 142,425 rural households were supplied by water supply projects). Tan Hong and Dong Thap districts have a highest proportion of the rural population receiving clean water. Rural population of Cao Lanh and Sa Dec towns was served by water supply with low rate1 (Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Planning Dong Thap province in 2020 period, 2009).

Tien Giang

84. Wastewater: The existing drainage system in urban areas in the province is combined both rainwater and sewage. Currently, no city/town in the province has any wastewater treatment system. The three sectors, which incurred the largest wastewater amount, 2400 m3/day textile waste, 2118 m3 seafood waste and 1443m3 domestic wastewater. The province has 03 industrial parks officially put into operation, which are: My Tho Industrial Zone, Tan Huong Giang and Long Industrial Park. Wastewaters in industrial zones are treated at wastewater treatment plants concentrated in the industrial parks.

85. Solid waste: According to the Report on the implementation plan to protect environment in 5 years (2006-2010), the total amount of domestic solid waste collected in the province from 2006 to 2010 was about 240 tons per day, mainly from towns, townships and urban areas (estimated at about 80% of proportion of total waste generated in urban area. Specially, collection rate in the city of My Tho reached about 90%).

86. The urban waste is primarily buried in landfills. According to statistics in 2009, Tien Giang province has only 05 landfills. Overall, the landfills are not handled well and in accordance with the regulations, causing environmental pollution for the surrounding residential areas.

87. Currently, the total generated volume of non-hazardous industrial solid wastes is about 76tons per day, which My Tho Urban Works Company collects, transports and disposes at the Tan Lap landfill (Tan Phuoc district). The recyclable industrial waste is allocated to the private sector for classification, recycling, or reassigning them to the recycling enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The generated volume of hazardous industrial solid waste is not much. It is approximately about 2497.58 kg / month and 407 litres per month.

88. Currently, medical waste generated in the province of Tien Giang is about 0.81 tons per day. Most of these types of solid waste is collected and stored in containers which are used exclusively in hospitals, clinics then processed or transported to facilities, where medical waste incinerator for treatment.

Dong Thap

89. Wastewater: According to Dong Thap DONRE, in 2008, in urban area of the province about 23,248 m3 of domestic waste water is disposed daily and it is treated by households (septic tanks), thus, the water quality meets standard before being discharged into surrounding environment. In rural area about 111,368 m3 of domestic waste water is

1 Source: Agriculture and Rural Development Planning Dong Thap province in 2020 period, 2009

disposed daily. However, due to simple latrines and low level of septic tank, wastewater is almost non treated, before being discharged into environment causing serious water pollution. About 1,556 m3 of hospital wastewater is generated daily in the province. However, at present only 3 hospitals have operational wastewater treatment plant. Other units do not have treatment plant then wastewater is discharged directly into environment. Wastewaters from industry, agriculture, aquaculture and handicraft villages are discharged into environment without treatment or not being treated properly.

90. Solid waste: The source and amount of solid waste in Dong Thap province are presented in Table 15. Table 15: Solid Waste Generation in Dong Thap Province (ton/year) 2007 2008 2009 ton/day ton/year ton/day ton/year ton/day ton/year Domestic SW- urban 201 73,255 205 74,968 210 76,596 Domestic SW- rural 552 201,422 552 201,614 552 201,515 Total domestic SW 753 274,677 758 276,582 762 278,111 Industrial SW - - 160 58,228 Livestock SW 963 1235 1257 Hospital SW 1431 1448 1664 Source: 5 year-State Environmental Report 2005-2010 of Dong Thap Province

91. This kind of solid waste is not properly collected and sanitary treated. The amount of collected solid waste is only 125 ton/day. Regarding domestic solid waste, only 52% or 65 ton is collected daily and the collection is implemented mainly at wards in center of towns and city. The common treatment method for urban solid waste is disposal into dumping sites. Cao Lanh city has new 20 ha landfill – Dap Da, where the city SW is disposed. Regarding industrial SW, for its small quantity, it is collected and disposed together with domestic SW. Regarding hospital SW, 100% of hospitals in Dong Thap gets collected its waste daily and transported to storage place. Two hospitals has waste storage meeting standard; 7/15 medical units store waste for 48 hrs, other unit do not meet storage requirement. Hospital SW is treated by incineration method. Seven hospitals have their own incinerator; the remaining 5 do not have incinerators.

7. Transportation

Tien Giang

92. Till date, Tien Giang has fairly complete transportation system providing access to all areas in the province. It helps in the transportation of goods and products quickly, conveniently between the Mekong delta provinces and Hochiminh city

93. Road: road traffic system has a total length of 5,045km; the average density is 2.130km/km2.

94. Waterways: The province has high density of waterways, making province as a transit area from the western provinces to Hochiminh city, through Tien River, Cho Gao canal, Soai Rap river and many inter-province canal and rivers.

Dong Thap

95. Road system: Dong Thap province has two national highways:  National road 30 along Tien river, connecting to National road 1A toward north direction of the border areas, through the gate Dinh Ba (Tan Hong) and connecting provincial road 841 to gate Thuong Phuoc (Hong Ngu). These roads are

considered as the arteries of the province on the Plain of Reeds and also the important roads in the Viet Nam – Cambodia economic border exchanges.  National road 80 pass through the area between two rivers Tien - Hau River, linking National road 1A (Tien river) with National road 91 (Hau river), is considered as the main transportation route from Long Xuyen quadrangle to the economic southern key economic zone.

96. On the waterway, the Tien river is an important waterway connecting the East Sea with the courtiers in upstream Mekong River. This axis is also the international waterway of the Mekong Delta. Though Hau river running through the province of Dong Thap is short, but this is an axis of the international waterway of the region. Moreover, large canals like Lap Vo canal, Muong Khai (linking Tien-Hau River), Central Channel, Dong Tien, Nguyen Van Tiep etc. have created an important waterways network for the exchange of goods between Dong Thap province with provinces in the Mekong Delta and Ho Chi Minh City.

IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. General Potential Environmental impacts

97. There are five proposed subproject investments for the Greater Mekong Subregion in Viet Nam include 1 subproject in Dong Thap of rehabilitation and upgrading of canal system, 2 subprojects of flood control and salinity intrusion control projects ( 2 in Tien Giang), 1 subproject of Bank protection (2 in Dong Thap). According to the Design, three among the seven proposed subprojects will be of rehabilitation and upgrading of canal system with 33 -119 km of primary canal length , two of them will construct regulation sluices to prevent flood in the rainy season and , remaining two will construct embankment for bank protection. So these proposed subprojects will cause environment impacts, both positive and adverse, at various levels.

1. Positive impacts

98. Main positive impacts for all subproject are as follows:  Flood control and waterlogging drainage in flood season for all subproject areas;  For the subproject of Plain of Reeds, in combination with other flood control protection from flood water discharge from Cambodia border to the Plain of Reeds toward the Mekong river to reduce flood water level in main flood season to protect people‟s life and their properties;  Water supply for irrigation and creation of water source for aquaculture sustainably and people‟ life in dry seasons;  Bank erosion prevention for section of Thuong Thoi –Thuong Phuoc -Tien river to protect safety of life for communities living along two sides of the river;  Improving environment-hygien conditions for local peoples affected by flood in Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces , especially in flood season;  Decrease in waterborne diseases caused by inundation situation;  Inland rural and navigation transportation development;  Promotion of development of tourist, cultural , social-economic sectors in subproject areas;  Beneficaries from the subprojects will be significant, it is estimated as below: - 370,000 persons for Ba Rai-Phu An subproject - 97,700 person for Go Cong area subproject - 520,000 persons for The Plain of Reeds subproject - 13,493 persons for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu subproject

2. Negative impacts

99. In general negative impacts are foreseen during the construction phase such as increase in noise and dust level, pollution of surface water from wastewater, disturbance of contaminated soils, affects on traffic and social-economic activities for local people. Mitigating measures could easily be taken to minimize the impacts. In the following sections a brief description of the main impacts is described.

100. Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No. 1,4)  Loss of temporary and permanent land;  Relocation of affected households;  Increase in dust level due to excavation, filling not due to transport work as material will be transported by waterway  Pollution of the water, especially polluted by alum due to excavation earth is alum, it is to be filled for embankment, so it is easy to cause pollution for canal water and water bodies near by the site, especially in rainy season  Affect to irrigation water quality of downstream of the canal or the adjacent area due to mainly increase of turbidity, and waste water from the construction site and camp;  Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected;  Indirect effect on water birds species, especially, Red head Crane (Grus antigone) in Tram Chim National Park during construction phase for some canal section which parallels and close by the Tram Chim National Park. However, nearest distance of canal section to the Tram Chim National Park is about 500m and Red head Crane often come to Tram Chim in March to May every year, before flood season, so that construction activities should be avoided in this time and construction equipment need to minimize noise as much as possible in the construction works;  Disturbance in the buffer zone surrounding the Tram Chim National Park during construction for Plain of Reeds Primary Canal Upgrading, is of small level because the park is not in close proximity. The distance from the Park to the sites is about 1.5-9.0 km;  Effects on traffic and social-economic activities of local people and communities is of small level because the population density in subproject area is low and houses are scattered along both the sides of the canal.

101. Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices (No 2,3)

 Only temporary loss of land during construction phase;  No relocation of households and land compensation ( according to conclusion of PPMU in meeting with Tien Giang DARD on 13 July 2010)  Increase in dust and noise levels due to excavation and filling work at insignificant to small level, but not due to transportation as workmaterial will be transported mainly by waterways;  Erosion, increase of turbidity by excavation and movement of construction equipment;  Affect on irrigation water quality of downstream of the canal or the adjacent area due to excavation, mainly increase of turbidity, and waste water from the construction site and camp;

 Interruption in domestic activities of local people living along the canal;  Interruption of waterways and road traffic during construction. It wil lead to increase of good transportation cost due to change of transportation way or means;  Change of hydrological regime of channel and canal downstream due to change of flood drainage regime, canal sedimentation during operation phase;  Obstruction or change in movement of fish species due to operation of sluices  Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected  Change to landscape values of the subproject area

102. For all subprojects

 Pollution level of air by construction material exploitation and transportation activitiesis considered as small to moderate. Exhaust fumes are mainly generated from construction machinery like compactor, excavators, generators; Exhaust fumes include NOx, COx, Hydro Carbon. Scope of impacts is considered small to moderate because transportation means are mainly by water way, number of machinery is small,and construction area is large . So GHG emissions caused by the Project will be very insignificant.

103. Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.  Loss of temporary and permanent land;  Relocation of affected households ;  Increase in dust and noise level due to excavation, filling at insignificant to small level, not due to transport work as material transport mainly by waterway;  Erosion, increase of turbidity by excavation and movement of construction equipment;  Effect to waterways traffic due to embankment of canal bank;  Aquatic flora & fauna will be indirectly affected.

B. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Pre-Construction Phase

104. The potential adverse environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures related to Project Location and Design (Pre-Construction Phase) of the subprojects are presented in Table 16, Table 17 and Table 18.

105. The following abbreviations are used:  N: not applicable, no adverse effect;  S: small/slight adverse effect;  M: moderate adverse effect;  L: large adverse effect.

Table 16: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No. 1, and 5) Pre-Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED major ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION characteristics IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES of new outlet Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects 1 Land acquisition For Plain of S-M . Prepare Site selection requirements & Reeds: Resettleme Improving and and design displacement of 1369 m2 of nt Plan upgrading of local residents agricultural (RP) based flood drainage Surveys and land to be on an and irrigation site acquired agreed canal system investigations permanently, resettleme 2 canal system 929 m of nt and compensati Land residential land on acquisition to be acquired framework permanently & with 100 HHs to be affected ( implement from RP- accordingly VisionRI resettlement group)

2 Displacement of 100 HHs S local residents 3 Proximity to human Human N settlement settlements not disturbed 4 Proximity to Plain of Reeds S . Proper environmentally Primary Canal design; sensitive areas / Upgrading, sufficient areas with buffer aesthetic value some canal . Consult to section which Manageme parallels the nt Board of Tram Chim Tram Chim National Park. National Park

5 Proximity to ethnic Not present N minority community 6 Proximity to natural Dredging canal N habitats would improve natural habitats 7 Effect on historical Historic N / cultural monuments, monuments, grave grave yards not yards present 8 Changing land No or slight N values effect 9 Conflicts with other No conflict N water users with other users 10 Degradation of Dredging of N water quality canal would improve water

SUBPROJECT PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED major ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION characteristics IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES of new outlet Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects flow and quality 11 Degradation of Creation of N fisheries water source for aquaculture sustainably 12 Degradation of Create N navigation / river navigation transport transportation development 13 flooding / odour / Odour possible S . Proper noise from floating design; waste sufficient buffer 14 Vulnerability to Construction S . Proper erosion / landslide in flat area design and O&M 15 Risk of N earthquakes 16 Accessibility to trunk infrastructure Road Construction N material mainly to be transported by river navigation Water supply N Power supply N

Table 17: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Pre-Construction Phase

SUB- PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION major IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic of new outlet and physical/biological aspects 1 Land acquisition Land acquisition N Building of Site selection requirements & is not required flood control and design displacement of and salt water local residents intrusion Surveys and 2 Displacement of No HHs need to N protection site local residents be relocated by Sluices ( No investigations subproject 3,4) in Tien 3 Proximity to Human N Giang Land human settlement settlements not Province acquisition disturbed

4 Proximity to No nature reserve N Construct new environmentally at or nearby the sluice sensitive areas / subproject sites -Ba Rai-Phu areas with An: 27 sluice aesthetic value -Go Cong area: 3 5 Proximity to ethnic Not present N sluices minority community

6 Proximity to May affect fish S . Proper design natural habitats movements due to and O&M of

building of new sluices sluice

7 Effect on historical Historic N / cultural monuments, grave monuments, grave yards not present yards 8 Changing land No or slight effect N values 9 Conflicts with No conflict with N other water users other users 10 Degradation of Dredging of canal N water quality would improve water flow and quality 11 Degradation of Impact to S . Proper design fisheries fisherman for and O&M of subproject in Go sluices Cong area No additional impact compared to temporary sluice to be installed in flood season

12 Degradation of Impact to S Proper design navigation / river navigation/ river and O&M of transport transport when the sluices sluice is closed 13 flooding / odour / Odour possible S . Proper design, noise from floating sufficient

SUB- PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION major IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic of new outlet and physical/biological aspects waste buffer 14 Vulnerability to Construction in S . Proper design erosion / landslide flat area and O&M 15 Risk of N earthquakes 16 Accessibility to trunk infrastructure Road Construction N material mainly to be transported by river navigation Water supply N Power supply N

Table 18: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Pre-Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED major ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION characteristics IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES of new outlet Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects 1 Land acquisition For Thuong Thoi S-M . Prepare Bank Site selection requirements Tien Town Resettlement 2 protection for and design 25,760 m of Plan (RP) Thuong Thoi agricultural land to based on an agreed Tien town, Surveys and be acquired 2 resettlement Hong Ngu site 12,880 m of residential land to and district, Dong investigations be acquired compensation Thap framework & Land permanently with province implement acquisition 143 HHs to be - affected (From FS) accordingly Embankment of 3.244 km 2 Displacement of For Thuong Thoi M for Thuong local residents Tien Town Thoi Tien 100 HHs to be town, relocated

3 Proximity to Human N human settlement settlements not disturbed 4 Proximity to No nature reserve N environmentally at or nearby the sensitive areas / subproject sites areas with aesthetic value 5 Proximity to ethnic Not present N minority community 6 Proximity to Building N natural habitats embankment for erosion prevention would be not affected to natural habitats 7 Effect on historical Historic N / cultural monuments, grave monuments, grave yards not present yards 8 Changing land slight effect N values 9 Conflicts with Embankment for N other water users bank protection will not to be conflicted with other water uses 10 Degradation of Embankment for N water quality bank protection would improve water flow and quality 11 Degradation of Not affect on N fisheries fishermen

SUBPROJECT PROJECT No POTENTIAL REMARKS MAGN. PROPOSED major ACTIVITIES ADVERSE OF MITIGATION characteristics IMPACTS IMPACT MEASURES of new outlet Socio-economic and physical/biological aspects 12 Degradation of Create navigation N navigation / river transportation transport development 13 flooding / odour / Odour possible S . Proper noise from floating waste design, sufficient buffer 14 Vulnerability to Construction in S . Proper design erosion / landslide flat area and O&M 15 Risk of No additional N earthquakes impact compared to existing canal

16 Accessibility to trunk infrastructure Road Construction N material mainly to be transported by river navigation Water supply N Power supply N

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

106. Potential adverse environmental impacts that could result from activities during the Construction Phase are briefly discussed below and further presented in Table 19, Table 20 and Table 21.

107. Air quality/dust and noise: There could be an increase in dust, air pollution and noise from clearing, grubbing and excavation activities and movements of construction equipment. Emissions and noise from operation of construction equipment might have a considerable impact in residential area, especially densely populated areas, however the population in the Project Area near the subproject-sites is not dense and dust, air pollution and noise can be controlled and mitigated. Increase in noise may disturb the situation in the buffer zone surrounding the Tram Chim National Park during construction for Plain of Reeds Primary Canal Upgrading Project, which is however considered small because it is not in very close proximity. The distance between the Park and the sites is about 1.5-9km

108. Water resources and quality: Excavation and filling activities could lead to increase of turbidity in downstream of the canal or the adjacent area in general; especially canal water may get polluted by alum due to excavation of earth in Rach Tram-My Binh‟s subproject area. This could affect to water quality for irrigation and aquaculture.

109. Flooding and spills: Flooding and spills could be caused by inadequate management of building materials, removed topsoil, stockpiles and construction debris. Proper management can avoid these impacts and in case if once occurred, mitigation measures should be taken. Deposits of construction wastes in nearby water bodies might have a detrimental effect on aquatic flora and fauna and should be avoided.

110. Socioeconomic environment: noise from construction activities, traffic jams caused by transportation of construction materials, and accidents caused by trucks, disruption of socioeconomic activities are potential adverse impacts. However, the subproject-sites are not situated in densely populated area. With a Transport Management Plan and proper environmental management and monitoring these impacts can be prevented and mitigated.

111. Positive impacts: Temporary positive impacts include short-term employment of local population in construction activities and increased earnings in services in the vicinity of the construction sites. A permanent positive impact is the improvement of the functioning of the BHH-Scheme and could be increased employment for local residents in the operational services for the BHH subprojects.

112. In the tables the following abbreviations are used:  N: not applicable, no adverse effect;  S: small/slight adverse effect;  M: moderate adverse effect;  L: large adverse effect.

Table 19: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of the physical/biological aspects subprojects 1 Physical / Chemical Base camp Environment Improving and establishment Air Quality upgrading of and operation M . Regular watering of flood drainage - Dust and irrigation Land Temporary exposed areas canal system clearance S . Cover all trucks carrying - Odour canal system Temporary dispersible materials to or from the site; Pollution by S . Ensure all construction construction Temporary Canal system material vehicles and equipment are of Plain of exploitation well-maintained; Reeds: 99.3 km activities . Construction activities which can make noise Earthworks / should be carried out at excavations day time . Inform local community about schedule and Haulage of duration of construction fill and - Noise works; construction materials . Regarding other material for construction such as

sand, stone, contractor Effects from should choose legal service temporary providers who had storage yards exploitation licenses and of environmental protection construction commitment issued by materials local authorities;

Water resources and

quality Access Road construction - Degeneration / S . Create drains & bund contamination of surface temporary to avoid spread Temporary water of polluted alum water Drainage ( specially water resources from filling & excavated structures could be polluted by alum alum soil , soil in canal dredging for . Diversion drains & bunds, Rach Tram-My Binh temporary silt traps subproject) . ponds . Stockpiling of spoils in flat areas & far from . drainage routes . Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of the physical/biological aspects subprojects - Generation of sewage / S-M . Adequate water supply to wastewater Temporary meet construction needs & setting up of rain catchment tanks . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation - Generation of solid S . Establish temporary wastes Temporary latrines which meet regulations of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents; . Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps; . Collect solid wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites; . Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

- Siltation / erosion S . Install diversion drains & Temporary bunds, temporary silt traps/pond . Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes

2 Biological Environment N-S . Avoid construction in Temporary months of March, April, May when Red head Crane come to Tram Chim National Park . Install fence for canal sections close by Tram Chim National Part with less than 2 km to minimize noise & mitigate impact on Tram Chim National Park‟s buffer zone - Impairment of Sensitive . Consult to Management vegetation / other natural Board of Tram Chim habitats (only for Sub- National Park project of Plain of Reeds . The temporary increase in workers to the construction Primary Canal Upgrading, site will increase the which is parallel to the potential for illegal fuel Tram Chim National Park.) wood and forest product

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of the physical/biological aspects subprojects collection and hunting. Mitigation measures will include (a) provision of heating and cooking options without use of fuel wood,(b) provision of environmental training on environmental management issues, (c) environmental protection by guards, capacity building of forest rangers, and imposing fines for illegal activities, and . Do not locate construction camps in close proximity to Tram Chim National Park and train workers not to exploit natural resources & hunting

-Impairment of aquatic S . Adequate temporary toilet flora & fauna downstream facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste - Loss of vegetation N . None required Temporary 3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic congestion S  Strict enforcement of traffic Temporary rules & regulations  Installation of traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials Posting of notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates - Public inconveniences. S  Traffic mitigation measures disruption of utility services Temporary (as above)  Temporary access to temporarily affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of the physical/biological aspects subprojects - Changed N  Canal bottom to be dredged drainage/irrigation by wet Excavation method. affecting farmers So dredging activities will not affect irrigation /agricultural production - Disruption of socio- S  Traffic mitigation measures economic activities Temporary (as above)  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Health hazard S  Dust control measures (as Temporary above)  Sufficiently high temporary fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Use of practicable available technologies that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents & safety S  Sufficiently high temporary hazard Temporary fence around construction sites that are in close proximity to residences & institutions  Disposing of unwanted soils as soon as possible  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites . Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies +Short-term employment S . Local residents should be of local population Temporary given priority in employment for simple

Table 20: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Construction Phase SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects 1 Physical / Chemical Base camp Environment Building of flood establishment Air Quality control and salt and operation S  Cover all trucks carrying water intrusion - Dust protection Land Temporary dispersible materials to or Sluices ( No 3,4) clearance S from the site; - Odour in Tien Giang Temporary  Ensure all construction Province Pollution by S vehicles and equipment are construction Temporary well-maintained; Construct new material  Construction activities which sluice exploitation can make noise should be -Ba Rai-Phu An: activities carried out at day time 27 sluice  Inform local community -Go Cong area: Earthworks / about schedule and duration 3 sluices excavations of construction works; - Noise  Regarding other material Haulage of fill for construction such as and sand, stone, contractor construction should choose legal service materials providers who had exploitation licenses and Effects from environmental protection temporary commitment issued by local storage yards authorities; of construction Water resources and materials quality - Degeneration / S  Diversion drains & bunds, Temporary temporary silt traps Access Road contamination of surface construction  ponds water  Stockpiling of spoils in flat Drainage areas & far from structures  drainage routes  Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste - Generation of sewage / S  Adequate water supply to Temporary meet construction needs & wastewater setting up of rain catchment tanks  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation - Generation of solid S  Adequate temporary toilet Temporary facilities with adequate water wastes supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation  Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps;  Collect solid wastes and

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites;  Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

- Siltation / erosion S  Install diversion drains & Temporary bunds, temporary silt traps/pond  Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes

Interruption of water flows, S  Setting temporary drainage Temporary ditches.

2 Biological Environment - Impairment of Sensitive S  Setting temporary Temporary construction canal vegetation / other natural

habitats (affect to fish moving) -Impairment of aquatic S . Adequate temporary toilet Temporary facilities with adequate water flora & fauna downstream supply & strict enforcement (degradation of water of proper sanitation quality due to increase of . Temporary disposal system turbidity ) for solid & hazardous waste

- Loss of vegetation N

3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic congestion S  Strict enforcement of traffic Temporary rules & regulations  Installation of traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates - Public inconveniences. S  Traffic mitigation measures Temporary (as above) disruption of utility services  Temporary access to temporarily affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction

- Changed S  The Contractor should Temporary coordinate with irrigation drainage/irrigation affecting exploitation management farmers enterprise, commune‟s irrigation staff and cultivation households in water supply area of the main canal to reach agreement on water supply duration (construction suspension), construction time (should be implemented at the time when irrigation activities are not done);  Commune‟s irrigation staff, Irrigation management enterprise or relevant authorities should soon inform the households and contractor about water supply schedule so that they can make plan on their own initiative;

- Disruption of socio- S  Inform fish boat about Temporary schedule of construction so economic activities that they can make plan on their own initiative;

 Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Health hazard S  Dust control measures (as Temporary above)  Use of practicable available technologies that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents & safety S  Disposing of unwanted Temporary spoils as soon as possible hazard  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects . Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies +Short-term employment S . Local residents should be Temporary given priority in employment of local population for simple construction works; therefore their living standard will be improved.

Table 21: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province -Construction Phase

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects 1 Physical / Chemical Bank protection Base camp Environment for Thuong Thoi establishment Air Quality Tien town, and operation M  Regular watering of Hong Ngu - Dust district, Dong Land Temporary exposed areas Thap province clearance S  Cover all trucks carrying - Odour Temporary dispersible materials to or from the site; -Embankment Pollution by S of 3.244 km for  Ensure all construction construction Temporary Thuong Thoi material vehicles and equipment Tien town, exploitation are well-maintained; activities  Construction activities which can make noise Earthworks / should be carried out at excavations day time  Inform local community Haulage of about schedule and duration of construction fill and - Noise construction works; materials  Regarding other material for construction such as Effects from sand, stone, contractor temporary should choose legal storage yards service providers who of had exploitation licenses construction and environmental materials protection commitment issued by local authorities;

Access Road Water resources and construction quality - Degeneration / S . Diversion drains & Drainage contamination of surface Temporary bunds, temporary silt structures water traps, Ponds; . Stockpiling of spoils in flat areas & far from drainage routes; . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation.

- Generation of sewage / S . Adequate water supply wastewater Temporary to meet construction needs & setting up of rain catchment tanks. . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation. - Generation of solid S . Establish temporary wastes Temporary latrines which meet regulations of Health

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects Ministry and supply enough water to tents; . Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps; . Collect solid wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites; . Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

- Siltation / erosion N

2 Biological Environment - Impairment of Sensitive N . None required vegetation / other natural Temporary habitats -Impairment of aquatic N . None required flora & fauna downstream - Loss of vegetation N . None required Temporary 3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic congestion ( both S  Strict enforcement of traffic water and road way) Temporary rules & regulations  Installation of traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementation dates - Public inconveniences. S  Traffic mitigation measures disruption of utility services Temporary (as above)  Temporary access to temporarily affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects - Changed N  Canal bottom to be drainage/irrigation dredged by wet Excavation affecting farmers method. So dredging activities will not affect irrigation /agricultural production - Disruption of socio- S  Traffic mitigation measures economic activities (as above) Temporary  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Health hazard S  Dust control measures (as above) Temporary  Sufficiently high temporary fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Use of practicable available technologies that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents & safety S  Sufficiently high temporary hazard Temporary fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites . Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies +Short-term employment S . Local residents should be of local population Permanent given priority in employment for simple

D. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during O&M Phase

113. Negative impacts: Adverse impacts during Operation of the subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system; Subprojects for building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices; Subproject for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province are presented in Table 22, Table 23 and Table 24

114. Positive impacts: The subprojects will bring socio-economic benefits by Bank erosion prevention for section of Thuong Thoi –Thuong Phuoc -Tien river to protect safety life for communities living along two sides of the river  Decrease of waterborne diseases caused by inundation situation  Promotion of development of tourist, cultural , social-economic sectors in subproject areas

115. In the Tables the following abbreviations are used:  N: not applicable, no adverse effect;  S: small/slight adverse effect;  M: moderate adverse effect;  L: large adverse effect.

Table 22: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system - Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUBPROJECT PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new outlet physical/biological aspects Improving and Inadequate Erosion river embankment S . Provide enough budget upgrading of operation and & canal sedimentation and enhance proper flood drainage maintenance operation management and irrigation and maintenance canal system Water quality Affect on water quality of S . Coordinate with Agriculture canal system management increasing fertilizer or Extension Centre to ensure (No 1,2,5) pesticide use that farmers are trained in correct use of fertilizer and -Dredging : pesticides Canal system . Apply IPM Program for of Plain of whole communes in BHH Reeds: 99.3 area km

Table 23: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices - Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUBPROJECTS PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION major ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES characteristics Socio-economic and IMPACT of new pumping physical/biological aspects stations (PS)

Building of flood Operation Long term impact on S . Proper maintenance of control and salt and aesthetics / modification landscaping, trees, plantations. water intrusion maintenance of landscape protection Sluices of the in Tien Giang Sluices Province Inadequate Erosion river embankment S . Provide enough budget and operation and water logging locally enhance proper operation and Construct new and maintenance sluice maintenance . Reduce fishes species S . Coordinate between Irrigation -Ba Rai-Phu An: number & population exploitation company and 27 sluice in main river in the end fishery /aquaculture centre to -Go Cong area: 3 of rainy season due to operate sluices how to ensure sluices close of sluice gate; but deep and time for fish creation of water delivering source for aquaculture sustainably in main . Create aquaculture river & tributaries development in main river & tributaries

Water quality For subproject of Salt S . Coordinate with Agriculture management water intrusion Extension Centre to ensure protection system in Go that farmers are trained in Cong area correct use of fertilizer and pesticides . Affect on water quality . Apply IPM Program for whole communes in BHH area of increasing fertilizer or pesticide use ( only

for subproject of Salt water intrusion N protection system in Go Cong area

For Sub-project of Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An

No effects as it is not use fertilizers and pesticides for the Orchard in Ba Rai-Phu An

Table 24: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province - Operation & Maintenance Phase

SUB- PROJECT POTENTIAL ADVERSE MAGN. PROPOSED MITIGATION PROJECTS ACTIVITIES IMPACTS OF MEASURES major Socio-economic and IMPACT characteristics physical/biological aspects of to be rehabilitated pumping stations (PS)

Bank Operation Long term impact on aesthetics S . Proper maintenance of protection for and / modification of landscape landscaping, trees, maintenance plantations. Thuong Thoi of Bank Tien town, protection Loss of fish delivery „s place S Aquaculture development due Hong Ngu to sustainable water supply district, Dong Thap province

-Embankment of 3.244 km for Thuong Thoi Tien town,

V. CUMULATIVE EFFECTS

116. There are 4 structural subprojects in Viet Nam that are proposed on improving and upgrading of flood and drought risk management canal and dike system in Lower Mekong River Basin in Viet Nam. The main objectives are: (i) water supply for irrigation and domestic water in dry season, (ii) flood control for Spring-Winter Crops, (iii) to control flood water to secure safe harvesting of Autumn-Summer Crops, (iv) earth excavated from canal to fill the canal banks to control floods and to use as transportation roads or resident areas. Selected sub-projects proposed in the Project have been all included in the list of projects to be invested in the “Revised 2006-2010 Mekong Delta Water Resources Master Plan and the 2020 Vision” issued in line with Decision: 84/2006/QD-TTg, 19 April2006, and in “Viet Nam‟s Water Resources Development Strategic Orientations (to 2020 and its 2050 vision) issued in line with decision 1590/QD-TTg, 9October,2009 or the provincial water resources development master plan in the project area that have been approved by the authorized levels. The implementation of the projects will provide effective contribution to the implementation of the Mekong Delta Water Resources Development Objectives in general and those in Dong Thap Muoi in particular.

117. Currently, several projects are under implementation in Dong Thap Muoi with State budget and Government‟s bonds. Those projects are closely related to the proposed one. The main drainage canals proposed for upgrading and rehabilitation under this Project are mostly located in Tan Thanh – Lo Gach canal (which direction is parallel to the borderline). At present, Tan Thanh – Lo Gach canal is upgraded / rehabilitated with the Government budget. Therefore, if the main canals are upgraded under the proposed Project, this will help to promote the effectiveness of Tan Thanh–Lo Gach project. Main and on-farm irrigation and drainage canals systems in Dong Thap Muoi have been being invested by State Budget and Government Bonds and local contributions. However, those sources have not met the demand and the investment has never been made in a systematic manner. The main canals proposed in the Project are all listed in the list of priorities to be financed with the State Budget after 2015; therefore, the ADB‟s support in upgrading and rehabilitation of this main canal system will help to accelerate the completion of the regional development plan.

118. Water source for irrigation supply under two subprojects Flood control system Ba Rai – Phu An protecting orchard area and Upgrading of Salt water intrusion protection system in Go Cong area in Tien Giang Province will not affect other water users. So, the cumulate effects caused by the project to relative project in the vicinity of project area are likely to be insignificant. VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Participation Process

119. The public consultation and participation process during the subproject preparation stage will involve the following activities:  Reconnaissance surveys of the Sub-Project site. On-site discussions with district and town commune officials will provide information on the physical and biological resources, social-economic environment, opportunities and constraints relevant to the proposed Sub-Projects.  Participatory meetings with stakeholders and representatives from Provincial IDMC, Sub-Project PPC, DPC, CPC, the Department of Health, and the Women‟s Union Organisation with the objective to collect data and to present the Sub- Projects (designs and locations), the Draft IEE, and to learn about social and environmental issues and concerns.

B. Consultation Meetings

2. Schedules and participation

120. The Public Consultation Meetings were organised in Subproject Communes People Committees from 20-25September, 2010. Participants were representatives from the CPO, PMUs, Sub-project Communes People Committees, Sub-project District‟s Environmental Management Division, the Women‟s Union, the farmer union at district, and commune level, and representatives from affected households in Sub-project Communes. Totally, there were 4 Public Consultation Meetings were conducted with 332 participants. Details are provided in Table 25.

Table 25: List of Sub-project for Public Consultation’s meetings

Meeting Number Date Time Sub-project Province Districts Communes location of participants 20 Sept. 08.00 hrs Thuong Thoi Dong Hong Thuong Commune 80 2010 Thuong Thap Ngu Phuoc 2 meeting River room Bankment 22 Sept. 8.00 hrs Improving Dong Tam Phu Thanh B Commune 90 2010 and Thap Nong meeting upgrading room flood control and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds 23 Sept. 8.00 hrs Upgrading of Tien Go Cong Long Hoa Commune 76 2010 Salt water Giang town meeting intrusion room protection system in Go Cong area 24Sept. 8.00 hrs Flood control Tien Cai Lay Hiep Duc Commune 86 2010 system Ba Giang meeting Rai – Phu room An protecting orchard area Total 332

121. The objectives of the meeting are to obtain the feedback from the participants on environmental impacts caused by project and their opinion on the project implementation.

122. The following contents have been presented during the meeting:  Subprojects‟ objectives;  Subprojects‟ locations, designs and cost estimates;  GOV & ADB environmental policies and procedures;  Project‟s environmental category per ADB and GOV policies;  Environmental issues per sub-project locations and designs;  Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject;  Proposed mitigation measures;  Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program;

123. Feedback from Participants

 There is general agreement on the construction of the subprojects in the two provinces because the sub projects will prevent land slide and soil erosion along Tien river; Reduce flood water level; Flood drainage; acid sulfate water drainage and fresh water resources reservation;  The Project “public consultation” is highly appreciated because it helps local people in understanding the project content and express their opinions so as to ensure effective implementation of the project;  Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project‟;  Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully, especially residential area along proposed dredging canals and river section to be embanked for example, fence should be set-up properly;  Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small or negligible impacts due to sub-project sites are not in residential areas;  Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along proposed upgrading/ expanded canals;  Construction activities would affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues, It may be replaced with rearing shrimp by planting rice or other crops during construction period;  Regarding water supply, river/canal water is polluted; local people need other source for water supply (drilled well) or storage tank;  Contractors need to hire local people for manual work;  Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to local people to plan agricultural produce & cultivation and to find other transportation way (as main way of transportation is waterway);  Local people wish that Project would improve the irrigation system to wash alum (acid water) from the field to increase rice yields. Conclusion  There is agreement on the construction of the all Subprojects and desired early construction  Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project

124. All comments from participants & stakeholders will be fully considered in mitigation measures of Environmental Assessment & detailed design in next phase. VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

A. Purpose of the Mechanism

125. The grievance redress mechanism is meant for persons seeking satisfactory resolution to their complaints on the environmental performance of the subproject. The mechanism will ensure that: i) the basic rights and interests of every person affected by poor environmental performance of the subproject are protected; and ii) their concerns arising from the poor environmental performance of the subproject during the conduct of pre- construction, construction and operation activities are effectively and timely addressed.

B. Access to the Mechanism

126. Any person who has complaint regarding the environmental performance of the subproject during pre-construction, construction and operation phases shall have access to the grievance redress mechanism described in the subsequent section. The CPO and the

Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of each of the PMU will nominate and train a staff member to be a Grievance Point Person (GPP).

127. The CPO and PMU through their GPPs shall ensure that: (i) the grievance redress mechanism and the contact details of the GPPs are publicly disclosed, and posted in the offices of the affected communes and in strategic places of the Sub-project‟s area of influence; (ii) the grievance redress mechanism is accessible to all affected villages/communes; (iii) the public, especially the residents and passers-by in the vicinities of influence of the Sub-project, is aware of their rights to access, and shall have access to, the mechanism free of administrative and legal charges; and (iv) a registry of grievances received is maintained for reporting to ADB and higher Government authorities on associated follow-up, resolution or non-resolution of issues.

C. The Grievance Redress Mechanism

128. Managing grievances takes a step-by-step process. It requires assigning responsibilities and specifying timelines for prompt responses/actions to grievances to avoid prolonging the misery of affected person/s (AP/s). Grievances raised on environmental impacts are critical to the health and wellness of affected persons. Hence, timelines of responses are critical.

129. Households or groups of households wishing to complain about the effects of construction works on their property, production system, economic well-being, spiritual life, quality of surface and ground water, quality of air, health, safety, welfare, or any other assets of their lives shall make their complaint using the standard Complaints forms provided by the GPPs.

130. The Grievance Investigation and Resolution process is outlined below:  Step 1: Complaint form will be sent by APs, Affected households (AHs) or groups of households to the GPP of the relevant EMU.  Step 2: If the complaint is judged as valid, within 15 days from the date the complaint is received, the relevant EMU will organize meetings with the relevant agencies/contractors/sub contractors to discuss how to resolve the matter. All meetings will be recorded and copies of the minutes of meetings will be provided to APs/AHs.  Step 3: The relevant EMU shall take such mitigation measures as agreed in meetings from step 2 within 15 days, or some other period acceptable to the parties referred to in step 2.  Step 4: When the complaint is resolved, the Complaint Form need to be signed by Complainer/ head of Household, the EMU and annotated at each stage of process by the relevant EMU with copies to be sent to CPO.  Step 5: If no understanding or amicable solution is reached, or if no response is received from the EMU within 15 days after the registration of complaint, the APs/ AHs can appeal to the CPO through their GPP. The APs/AHs must lodge the complaint within 30 days of registering the original complaint and must produce documents with copies of appeal that support his/her claim. The CPO will provide a decision within 1 month of receiving the appeal.  Step 6: When the complaint is resolved, the Complaint Form need to be signed by Complainer/ head of Household, the EMU, the CPO, and annotated at each stage of process by the GPP of the CPO with copies to be sent to ADB.

 Step 7: If the AP is still not satisfied with the decision of the CPO or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the AP as a last resort may submit his/her case to the court, in which decision is final.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Institutional requirements for Environmental Management & Monitoring

131. The Central Project Office (CPO, MARD) will be the executing agency for the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation (GMS) Project in Viet Nam. Two Project Management Units (PMUs) will be established to manage and monitor all day-to-day implementation activities of the Project. The PMU will include representatives from the Agencies and Departments as shown in Table 26.

Table 26: Representatives of two PMUs PMUs Name of Sub-Project Representatives of agency/departments/organizations Tien Giang PMU  Flood control system Ba Rai  Tien Giang PPC – Phu An protecting orchard  Tien Giang IDMC area  Other entities involved in  Upgrading of Salt water managing and implementing the intrusion protection system Project. in Go Cong area Dong Thap PMU  Improving and upgrading of  Dong Thap PPC Plain of Reeds flood  Dong Thap IDMC drainage and irrigation canal  The Project‟ DPC & Town PC system (Tan Hong, Tam Nong, Thanh  Bank erosion protection for Binh districts and Hong Ngu Thuong Thoi Tien town, Town) Hong Ngu district, Dong  Other entities involved in Thap province managing and implementing the Project.

132. The supervision and monitoring of Project-related resettlement and environmental activities during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases are some of the functions of the PMU. In line with this, it is proposed that a Provincial Environmental Management Unit (PEMU) will be set up within the PMU, responsible for supervision on environmental management and for environmental monitoring. The major responsibilities of the PEMU will be to ensure that:  The mitigation measures and monitoring of these activities are being carried out as agreed.  The environmental monitoring program, comprising of taking samples and analysis being carried out.  Reporting is performed in compliance with ADB and GoV requirements.

133. The EMU shall be headed by qualified staff that is assigned full time to the PMU. At least one full-time technical expert and one full-time administrative staff member shall be assigned to the EMU. The PMU will engage part time a local Environmental Consultant to provide for the EMU technical assistance in environmental management and monitoring.

134. If Project Implementation Assistance (PIA) consultants are employed during implementation of the Project, then the PIA Team‟s Environmental Specialists will pass on

expert advice and guidance and conduct capacity building on environmental management and monitoring.

135. To ensure that the ADB environmental requirements and all applicable GoV environmental laws, regulations and standards, are met prior to the start of construction and during construction and operation of the Project, an elaborate Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan should be prepared at the Detailed Design stage based on the concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan presented in current IEE. Environmental monitoring during long term operation of the GMS –Viet Nam Sub-Projects is largely the responsibility of Tien Giang Province IDMC, The Project District & Town DPC and TPC

136. The Terms of Reference for the detailed engineering design and the bid documents should specify the preparation of specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans for the subprojects, which shall be presented for comments to the stakeholders.

B. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

137. For the stage of IEE, Tables G.2 to G.4 presents concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) for the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam for the various project stages. However, at the stage of Detailed Design detailed EMPs shall be prepared for environmental management – including all required mitigation measures – and monitoring during the different stages of the Sub-Projects. The detailed costs for these environmental management and monitoring activities shall also be calculated at that stage and be incorporated in the various contracts.

138. Responsible for Environmental Monitoring during project implementation are the main contractor, the sub-contractors, the PEMU/PMU, and the communities. The EMPs will be the guiding document for environmental management and monitoring during execution of the Sub-Projects. It will guide the PEMU/PMU in determining whether the recommended mitigation measures prior to construction, and during construction and operation, are being implemented effectively. Environmental monitoring results shall be documented and reviewed to ensure that signs of adverse impacts are detected at an early stage and that actions for mitigation are taken. Monitoring results will have to be reported monthly by the EMU and be submitted to the head of the PMU, who in turn will submit them to DONRE and CPO for approval. The Central Project Office will submit the EMP to the ADB. The format for the monthly and annual Environmental Monitoring Reports will be developed during the Detailed Design Phase and may have to be refined during implementation of the Project.

1. Costs for Environmental Monitoring of resettlement, water quality, air quality and noise

139. For the costs during the Pre-Construction/Design Phase for implementation and monitoring of the Resettlement Plan (RP) – based on the implementation schedule of the RP – is referred to Resettlement Report.

140. Monitoring, to be carried out by the EMU/PMU, of surface water quality, air quality (TSP) and noise, during the Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation Phases adds up to an average amount of USD108,560 (VDN 2,062,264,000- with rate is 19,000 VND/USD) per subproject. Appendix 1 provides for one subproject the environmental monitoring activities and the costs during the various project phases of the Project. For the whole GMS in Viet Nam Project (11 subprojects) the costs for Environmental Monitoring are estimated at: 7x USD108,560 = USD 759,920.

2. Environmental Management and Monitoring for Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system canal system (No 1, 2 and 5)

141. For the stage of IEE, Table 27 present a concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) for the subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system; Table 28 subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices; Table 29 subproject for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province.

Table 27: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Improving and upgrading of flood drainage and irrigation canal system Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects Pre-Construction Land acquisition . Prepare PMU and Monitoring of PMU. For requirements & Resettlement Resettlement implementatio EMA resettlement displacement of Plan (RP) Committees n of RP, (independent costs see local residents based on an (RCs). based on external Resettlement agreed implementatio monitoring Report. Displacement of resettlement n schedule of agency). local residents and RP. compensation Review of framework & submitted implement PMU and RC accordingly Progress Proximity to . Avoid Consultants Reports. environmentally construction in doing the sensitive areas / months of May design. areas with when Red aesthetic value head Crane come to Tram Chim National Park . Consult to Management Board of Tram Chim National Park flooding / odour / . Proper design, Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in noise O&M; sufficient doing the Technical cost of buffer. design. Design. Technical Design. Vulnerability to . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in erosion / landslide and O&M doing the Technical cost of design. Design. Technical Design. During Construction

1 Physical / Chemical Environment Air Quality  Regular Contractor  Periodic Contractor, watering of (plus in- PMU, exposed between communities; areas unannounc also sub-  Cover all ed) contractors trucks inspection have - Dust carrying of responsibility dispersible construction of materials to or activities environmental from the site;  Air quality monitoring.  Ensure all monitoring EMA construction (quarterly & more

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects vehicles and frequently equipment when are well- complaints maintained; /issues  Construction arise) - Odour activities which can make noise  Periodic Contractor, should be (plus in- PMU, carried out at between communities; day time unannounc also sub- ed) contractors  Inform local inspection have community of responsibility about construction of schedule and activities environmental duration of monitoring. construction  Air quality EMA works; monitoring (quarterly &  Regarding more other frequently material for when construction complaints / - Noise such as sand, issues stone, arise) contractor should choose legal service providers who had exploitation licenses and environmental protection commitment issued by local authorities; Water resources and quality - Degeneration / . Create Contractor  Periodic Contractor, drains & (plus in- PMU, contamination of bund between communities; surface water temporary unannounc also sub- ( specially water to avoid ed) contractors resources could be spread of inspection have polluted of responsibility polluted by alum alum water construction of soil in canal from filling & activities environmental dredging for Rach excavated  Surface monitoring. Tram-My Binh alum soil , water EMA . Diversion quality Subproject) drains & monitoring bunds, (quarterly & temporary more silt traps, frequent ponds when . Stockpiling complaints /

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects of spoils in issues flat areas & arise) far from drainage routes . Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste - Generation of . Adequate Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated in water supply unannounced PMU, sewage / Recommende to meet inspections of communities. d contract wastewater construction waste EMA provisions. needs & disposal. setting up of rain catchment tanks . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation - Generation of . Establish Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated in temporary unannounced PMU, recommended solid wastes latrines inspections of communities. contract which meet waste EMA provisions. regulations disposal. of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents; . Discussing with residents to

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps; . Collect solid wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites; . Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers - Siltation / erosion . Install Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated in diversion unannounced PMU, recommended drains & inspections of communities. contract bunds, construction EMA provisions. activities. temporary silt traps/pond . Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes Interruption of . Setting Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated in water flows, temporary unannounced PMU, recommended drainage inspections of communities. contract ditches. construction EMA provisions. activities. 2 Biological Environment -Impairment of . Avoid Contractor Periodic & Contractor, construction in unannounced Sensitive PMU, Incorporated in months of May inspections of recommended vegetation / other when Red construction communities. contract natural habitats head Crane activities. EMA provisions ( some section of come to Tram canal systems in Chim

-Impairment of . Suitable Contractor  Periodic Contractor, Incorporated in aquatic flora & earthworks & (plus in- PMU, recommended between communities. contract fauna storm water management unannounc EMA provisions. downstream (No. 5 above) ed) inspection . Disposing of of unwanted construction spoils as activities soon as  Surface possible water . Adequate quality temporary monitoring toilet facilities (quarterly & more with adequate frequently water supply when . Strict complaints / enforcement issues of proper arise) sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes

3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic  Strict Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated in congestion enforcement unannounced PMU, recommended of traffic rules inspections of communities. contract & regulations construction EMA provisions. activities.  Installation of traffic aids in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials  Posting of prior notice on construction

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementatio n dates) - Public  Traffic Contractor Periodic & Contractor, inconveniences, mitigation unannounced PMU, inspections of communities. disruption of measures (as above) construction External utility services activities. Monitoring  Temporary Agency access to (EMA) temporarily affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules - Disruption of  Traffic Contractor Periodic & Contractor, unannounced PMU, socio-economic mitigation inspections of communities. activities measures (as above) construction External activities. Monitoring  Close Agency coordination (EMA) with relevant

utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Health hazard  Dust control Contractor Periodic & Contractor, measures (as unannounced PMU, above) inspections of communities. construction External  Sufficiently activities. Monitoring

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects high Agency temporary (EMA) fence around construction sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Use of practicable available technologies that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents &  Sufficiently Contractor Periodic & Contractor, unannounced PMU, safety hazard high temporary inspections of communities. fence around construction External activities. construction Monitoring Agency sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible  Temporary disposal

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biologica l aspects system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites  Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies Operation & Maintenance Erosion river . Provide enough Irrigation Periodic & External embankment & budget and Exploitation unannounced Monitoring Annual canal enhance proper Companies inspection of Agency administrative sedimentation operation precautions costs. management and and enforcement of maintenance regulations.

Affect on water . Coordinate Irrigation . Periodic & External quality of with Exploitation unannounc Monitoring Annual increasing Agriculture Companies ed Agency administrative fertilizer or Extension inspection costs. pesticide use Centre to of ensure that precautions farmers are and trained in enforceme correct use of nt of fertilizers and regulations pesticides and . Apply IPM sampling Program for program. whole communes in subproject areas

Table 28: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Building of flood control and salt water intrusion protection Sluices

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects Pre-Construction Land acquisition Land It is not It is not It is not It is not requirements & acquisition required required required required displacement of and local residents Resettlement Displacement of to be not local residents required Proximity to natural . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in habitats and O&M of doing the Technical cost of sluices design. Design. Technical Design. flooding / odour / . Proper Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in noise design, O&M; doing the Technical cost of sufficient design. Design. Technical buffer. Design. Vulnerability to . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in erosion / landslide and O&M doing the Technical cost of design. Design. Technical Design. Degradation of . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in fisheries and O&M of doing the Technical cost of sluices design. Design. Technical Design. Degradation of . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in navigation / river and O&M of doing the Technical cost of transport sluices design. Design. Technical Design. During Construction

1 Physical / Chemical Environment

Air Quality  Cover all Contractor  Periodic Contractor, trucks (plus in- PMU, carrying between communities; dispersible unannounc also sub- materials to ed) contractors or from the inspection have site; of responsibility  Ensure all construction of construction activities environmental - Dust vehicles and  Air quality monitoring. equipment monitoring EMA are well- (quarterly & maintained; more  Construction frequent activities when which can complaints / make noise issues should be arise) - Odour carried out at day time  Periodic Contractor, - Noise  Inform local (plus in- PMU,

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects community between communities; about unannounc also sub- schedule ed) contractors and duration inspection have of of responsibility construction construction of works; activities environmental  Regarding  Air quality monitoring. other monitoring EMA material for (quarterly & construction more such as frequent sand, stone, when contractor complaints / should issues choose legal arise) service providers who had exploitation licenses and environment al protection commitment issued by local authorities; Water resources and quality - Degeneration / . Create Contractor  Periodic Contractor, drains & (plus in- PMU, contamination of bund between communities; surface water temporary unannounc also sub- ( specially water to avoid ed) contractors resources could be spread of inspection have polluted of responsibility polluted by alum alum water construction of soil in canal from filling activities environmental dredging for Rach &  Surface monitoring. Tram-My Binh excavated water EMA alum soil , quality Subproject) . Diversion monitoring drains & (quarterly & bunds, more temporary frequent silt traps when ponds complaints / . Stockpiling issues of spoils in arise) flat areas & far from drainage routes . Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible . Adequate

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcemen t of proper sanitation . Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous waste - Generation of . Adequate Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated water unannounced PMU, in sewage / supply to inspections of communities. recommended wastewater meet waste EMA Contract constructio disposal. provisions. n needs & setting up of rain catchment tanks . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcemen t of proper sanitation - Generation of . Establish Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated temporary unannounced PMU, in solid wastes toilet which inspections of communities. recommended meet waste EMA Contract regulations disposal. provisions. of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents; . Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects camps; . Collect solid wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites; . Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

- Siltation / erosion . Install Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated diversion unannounced PMU, in drains & inspections of communities. recommended bunds, construction EMA Contract temporary activities. provisions. silt traps/pond . Stockpiling of spoil in flat areas & far from drainage routes

Interruption of water . Setting Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated flows, temporary unannounced PMU, in drainage inspections of communities. recommended ditches. construction EMA Contract activities. provisions. 2 Biological Environment - Impairment of  Setting Contractor Periodic & Contractor, temporary unannounced Sensitive vegetation PMU, Incorporated construction inspections of in / other natural canal construction communities. recommended habitats (affect to activities. EMA contract fish moving) provisions -Impairment of . Adequate Contractor  Periodic Contractor, Incorporated temporary (plus in- PMU, in aquatic flora & toilet facilities between communities. recommended fauna downstream with adequate unannounc EMA contract (degradation of water supply ed) provisions. & strict

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects water quality due to enforcement inspection of proper of increase of turbidity sanitation construction ) . Temporary activities disposal  Surface system for water solid & quality hazardous monitoring waste (quarterly & more frequent when complaints / issues arise) 3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic congestion  Strict Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated enforcement unannounced PMU, in of traffic rules inspections of communities. recommended & regulations construction EMA contract activities. provisions.  Installation of traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials  Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a week prior to effective / implementatio n dates) - Public  Traffic Contractor Periodic & Contractor, mitigation unannounced PMU, inconveniences, measures (as inspections of communities. disruption of utility above) construction External services  Temporary activities. Monitoring access to Agency temporarily (EMA) affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power,

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Changed  The Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Contractor unannounced PMU, drainage/irrigation should inspections of communities. affecting farmers coordinate construction External with irrigation activities. Monitoring exploitation Agency management (EMA) enterprise,

commune‟s irrigation staff and cultivation households in water supply area of the main canal to reach agreement on water supply duration (construction suspension), construction time (should be implemented at the time when irrigation activities are not done);  Commune‟s irrigation staff, Irrigation management enterprise or relevant authorities should inform the households and contractor about water supply schedule so that they can make plan on their own initiative;

- Disruption of  Inform fish Contractor Periodic & Contractor, boat about unannounced PMU, socio-economic schedule of inspections of communities. activities construction construction External so that they activities. Monitoring can make plan Agency

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects on their own (EMA) initiative;  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules

-Health hazard  Dust control Contractor Periodic & Contractor, measures (as unannounced PMU, above) inspections of communities.  Use of construction External practicable activities. Monitoring available Agency technologies (EMA) that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents & safety  Disposing of Contractor Periodic & Contractor, unwanted unannounced PMU, hazard spoils as soon inspections of communities. as possible construction External  Temporary activities. Monitoring disposal Agency system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic and Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs physical/biological Measures aspects above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites  Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities & equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies Operation & Maintenance Long term impact . Provide Irrigation Periodic & External on aesthetics / enough budget Exploitation unannounced Monitoring Annual modification of and enhance Companies inspection of Agency administrative landscape proper precautions costs. operation and and maintenance enforcement of regulations.

Erosion river . Coordinate Irrigation Periodic & External embankment and between Exploitation unannounced Monitoring Annual water logging Irrigation Companies inspection of Agency administrative locally exploitation precautions costs. company and and fishery enforcement of /aquaculture regulations centre to and sampling operate sluices program. how to ensure water deep and time for fish delivering

. Create aquaculture development in main river & tributaries

Reduce fishes . Coordinate Irrigation species number & with Agriculture Exploitation population in main Extension Companies river in the end of Centre to rainy season due to ensure that closing of sluice farmers are gate; but creation trained in of water source for correct use of aquaculture fertilizer and sustainably in main pesticides

Table 29: Environmental Management and Monitoring: Subprojects for Bank protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects Pre-Construction Land acquisition . Prepare PMU and Monitoring of PMU. For requirements & Resettlement Resettlement implementation EMA resettlement displacement of Plan (RP) Committees of RP, based (independent costs see local residents based on an (RCs). on external Resettlement Displacement of agreed implementation monitoring Report. local residents resettlement schedule of agency). and RP. compensation Review of framework & submitted implement PMU and RC accordingly Progress Reports. flooding / odour / . Proper design, Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in noise O&M; sufficient doing the Technical cost of buffer. design. Design. Technical Design. Vulnerability to . Proper design Consultants Monitoring of MARD Included in erosion / landslide and O&M doing the Technical cost of design. Design. Technical Design. During Construction 1 Physical / Chemical Environment Air Quality

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects  Regular Contractor  Periodic Contractor, watering of (plus in- PMU, exposed between communities; areas unannounc also sub-  Cover all ed) contractors trucks inspection have carrying of responsibility dispersible construction of materials to activities environmental - Dust or from the  Air quality monitoring. site; monitoring EMA  Ensure all (quarterly & construction more vehicles and frequent equipment when are well- complaints / maintained; issues  Construction arise) - Odour activities which can  Periodic Contractor, make noise (plus in- PMU, should be between communities; carried out at unannounc also sub- day time ed) contractors  Inform local inspection have community of responsibility about construction of schedule and activities environmental duration of  Air quality monitoring. construction monitoring EMA works; (quarterly &  Regarding more other frequent material for when construction - Noise complaints / such as sand, issues stone, arise) contractor should choose legal service providers who had exploitation licenses and environmenta l protection commitment issued by local authorities; Water resources and quality - Degeneration / . Diversion Contractor  Periodic Contractor, drains & (plus in- PMU, contamination of bunds, between communities; surface water temporary unannounc also sub- silt traps ed) contractors

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects ponds inspection have . Stockpiling of responsibility of spoils in construction of flat areas & activities environmental far from  Surface monitoring. drainage water EMA routes quality . Adequate monitoring temporary (quarterly & toilet more facilities with frequent adequate when water supply complaints / & strict issues enforcement arise) of proper sanitation

- Generation of . Adequate Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated water supply unannounced PMU, in sewage / to meet inspections of communities. recommended wastewater construction waste EMA Contract needs & disposal. provisions. setting up of rain catchment tanks . Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply & strict enforcement of proper sanitation - Generation of . Establish Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated temporary unannounced PMU, in solid wastes latrines inspections of communities. recommended which meet waste EMA Contract regulations disposal. provisions. of Health Ministry and supply enough water to tents; . Discussing with residents to choose the suitable waste dumping site when workers build camps; . Collect solid

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects wastes and temporarily store at a safety place before transporting to disposal sites; . Establish regulations for ensuring sanitation, stipulated dumping yard and waste treatment methods and disseminate those regulations to workers

2 Biological Environment -Impairment of It is not required It is not It is not It is not It is not Sensitive required required required required vegetation / other natural habitats

-Impairment of It is not required It is not It is not It is not It is not aquatic flora & required required required required fauna downstream

3.Socio-Economic Environment -Traffic congestion  Strict Contractor Periodic & Contractor, Incorporated enforcement of unannounced PMU, in traffic rules & inspections of communities. recommended regulations construction EMA Contract activities.  Installation of provisions. traffic aides in critical routes during peak hours  Coordination of traffic management plan with town & commune officials  Posting of prior notice on construction schedules & traffic rerouting plan (at least a

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects week prior to effective / implementation dates) - Public  Traffic Contractor Periodic & Contractor, mitigation unannounced PMU, inconveniences, measures (as inspections of communities. disruption of utility above) construction External services  Temporary activities. Monitoring access to Agency temporarily (EMA) affected residences & institutions  Close coordination with relevant utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules - Disruption of  Traffic Contractor Periodic & Contractor, mitigation unannounced PMU, socio-economic measures (as inspections of communities. activities above) construction External  Close activities. Monitoring coordination Agency with relevant (EMA) utility companies / institutions (water, power, drainage) on proposed alignments, construction phases & schedules -Health hazard  Dust control Contractor Periodic & Contractor, measures (as unannounced PMU, above) inspections of communities.  Sufficiently construction External high temporary activities. Monitoring fence around Agency construction (EMA) sites that is in close proximity to residences & institutions  Use of practicable available technologies

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects that emit least noise & pollutants & adjusting of operational procedures to reduce noise & pollutants  Adequate temporary toilet facilities with adequate water supply  Strict enforcement of proper sanitation  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes - Accidents &  Sufficiently Contractor Periodic & Contractor, high temporary unannounced PMU, safety hazard fence around inspections of communities. construction construction External sites that is in activities. Monitoring close proximity Agency to residences & institutions  Disposing of unwanted spoils as soon as possible  Temporary disposal system for solid & hazardous wastes  Traffic mitigation measures (as above)  Provisions for adequate lighting, safe pedestrian access, storm drains in construction sites  Efficient emergency / contingency plans, adequate facilities &

Environmental Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Impacts Socio-economic Mitigation Responsibility Activities Responsibility Costs and Measures physical/biological aspects equipment & trained staff for handling emergencies Operation & Maintenance Irrigation Periodic & External Annual Long term impact . Proper Exploitation unannounced Monitoring administrative on aesthetics / maintenance of Companies inspection of Agency costs. modification of landscaping, precautions landscape trees, and plantations. enforcement of regulations.

Loss of fish . Aquaculture Irrigation Periodic & External Annual delivery „s place development Exploitation unannounced Monitoring administrative due to Companies inspection of Agency costs. sustainable precautions water supply and enforcement of regulations and sampling program. IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Objectives and Positive impacts

142. The objective of the Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam is to improve flood discharge capacity in flood season and reservation of fresh water resources as well for irrigation, local economy, especially in dry season for towns and cities by constructing new sluices and upgrading of existing drainage and irrigation systems, erosion bank protection.

143. Therefore, the realisation of GMS Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project in Viet Nam will bring significant positive impacts on irrigation and drainage canal system in Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces; Thuong Thoi and Hong Ngu Town by increased flood discharge capacity and water supply for irrigation, river dike protection. Improving of flood drainage capacity can resolve completely inundation situation in the subproject Districts in Dong Thap Provinces, by then hygiene-sanitary condition will improve accordingly.

B. Negative impacts

144. Screening of potential environmental impacts for the Design Phases, the Construction Phases and the Operation & Maintenance Phases of the subprojects also revealed adverse effects. However, all identified adverse impacts appeared to be of small or moderate level and many are of temporary in nature during construction phase. No significant adverse environmental impacts are expected. Mitigation measures have been formulated and that can diminish the adverse impacts (Part E) and concise Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans (EMPs) have been developed for the subprojects (Part I). More detailed EMPs have to be prepared during the Design Phase to control and mitigate identified small and moderate negative environmental impacts.

C. Recommendations

145. The executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the Project is sufficient according to the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. Only additional detailed Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans have to be prepared to control and mitigate the identified small and moderate adverse environmental impacts. However, because only The subproject No.6 “Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province” with total length of Bank protection of 3.224km long in the Mekong river, more than 1.0km, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Viet Nam (Decree No.21/2008/ND-CP- River and sea embankment projects with 1000m or more in length need preparation of EIA). At the present feasibility phase and Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) stage of the Project the IEE is sufficient. The EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit. The EIA will be carried out by national consultants. Supervision and approval will be provided by Dong Thap DONRE.

D. Conclusion

146. From the proposed subprojects for Tien Giang and Dong Thap, only small and moderate adverse environmental impacts are expected. These adverse impacts can be mitigated by proper design, specific mitigations measures, and by adequate operation & maintenance. For these reasons the executed Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for the subprojects is sufficient, which in accordance with the ADB environmental guidelines and regulations. However, because only The subproject on “Bank erosion protection for Thuong Thoi Tien town, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province” with total length of Bank protection of 3.224 km long in the Mekong river, is more than 1.0 km, a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required according to the environmental regulations of the Government of Viet Nam. At present i.e. at the feasibility and PPTA stage of the Project the prepared IEE is sufficient. The full EIA will have to be carried out after completion and approval of the Feasibility Study Report and prior to obtaining the construction permit.

X. REFERENCES

1. Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009. 2. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, November 2002. 3. Environmental Assessment Guidelines, Asian Development Bank, 2003. 4. Environmental Guidelines for Selected Agricultural and Natural Resources Projects, Asian Development Bank, November 1991. 5. Decree 21/2008/ND-CP, Part I Legal Documents, 5, Article 11.2b. 6. Feasibility Study of the Subprojects. 7. Standard QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality for water for domestic use, irrigation and for water ways and navigation. 8. Standard QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on underground water. 9. Standard QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality 10. TCVN 5949: 1998: Noise in public and residential areas Maximum permitted noise level. 11. Standard TCVN 6774:2000: Fresh-water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. 12. Report on Status of Environment of Tien Giang and Dong Thap Provinces in -2009 13. TCVN-5944-2005 – Viet Namese Standard for ground water. 14. QCVN-2008 – National Technical Regulations on Environment. 15. Provincial Statistical Yearbook 2009.

16. 5 year-State Environmental Report 2005-2010 of Dong Thap Province

XI. ANNEXES

Annex 1-Preliminary Cost Estimates for Environmental monitoring: one year-01 Subproject

No of No of Total No of Frequency No of No of Man No. of Samples Taking Sample or Unit Rate Total Cost Cost Item in a Year working Engineer month Months or Sample‟s Car rent (USD) (USD) (monthly) days People day PRE-CONSTRUCTION A EMU-PPMU A.1 Irrigation Engineer 300 (1 for full time for a year) 0 0 A.2 Monitoring Activities A.2.1 Measuring or Analysis - Air Quality & Noise Level 1 5 80 400 - Surface Water Quality 1 10 110 1110 -Ground Water Quality One time before A.2.2 Taking & Handling Samples constructio Per Diem: n - Air Quality & Noise Level 1 2 2 30 60 - Surface Water Quality 1 3 2 30 60 -Ground Water Quality Transport: - Air Quality & Noise Level 1 1 100 100 - Surface Water Quality 1 1 100 100 A2.3 Boat rent 20 20 Report (Result of A2.4 Environmental Monitoring) 1 120 120

Sub-Total 1(Pre- Construction) 2270 DURING CONSTRUCTION A Consultants A.1 International Environmental Specialist (part of PIA Team - TA Grant, 4 mos. Intermittently for a

No of No of Total No of Frequency No of No of Man No. of Samples Taking Sample or Unit Rate Total Cost Cost Item in a Year working Engineer month Months or Sample‟s Car rent (USD) (USD) (monthly) days People day year) A.2 Local Environmental Specialist (part of PIA Team - TA Grant, 6 mos. intermittently for a year) B EMU-PPMU B.1 Irrigation Engineer 1 6 6 500 3000

(6 months for a year) B.2 Monitoring Activities Measuring or B.2.1 Analysis - Air Quality & Noise 12 12 60 5 80 4800 Level

- Surface Water 12 12 120 10 110 13200 Quality -Ground water Taking & Handling B.2.2 Samples Per Diem: - Air Quality & Noise 12 12 2x12 30 720 Level 2 - Surface Water 12 12 2x12 30 720 Quality 3 -Ground water Transport: - Air Quality & Noise 12 12 1 12 100 1200 Level 1 - Surface Water 12 12 3

Quality 1 12 100 1200

B.2.3 Boat rent 12 20 240 Report (Result of 12 B.2.4 120 1440 Environmental

USD DURING OPERATION B Environmental Monitoring Staff B1 3 Irrigation 1 (part 500 1500 Engineer/Environmentalist time) B2 Monitoring Activities Measuring or B2.1 Analysis - Surface Water 4 10 40 110 4440 Quality - Ground Water

Quality Taking & Handling B2 .2 Samples Per Diem: - Air Quality & Noise

Level - Surface Water 4 12 30 360 Quality 3 -Ground water Transport: - Air Quality & Noise

Level 4 1 2 - Surface Water daysx 100 Quality 800 4 -Ground water B 2.3 Boat Rent Report (Result of 4 B 24 120 480 Environmental

Sub-Total 3 (During Operation) 6080 USD Total (1)+(2)+(3)

Estimated Cost for Environmental Management Plan of the Proposed Component Unit 103 VND Exchange rate VND/US$: 19000

Frequency Responsibility Before Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Amount Amount (with VAT) +10% Environmental Monitoring Agencies without VND USD TAX-USD Pre-Construction Air quality/TSP One time before Contractor 2270 Noise construction Sub- USD (Baseline data Contractor Water Quality PMU To clear the ground Communities Sub-Total 1 During Construction 26520 26520 26520 USD USD USD Monthly Contractor Air quality (TSP & Noise) Monthly Communities Water quality Monthly Sub-Total 2 Operation

Water quality Monthly IDMC 6080 6080 Communities USD USD Sub-Total 3

Total 1+2+3 93990 Contingency 4700 98690 108,559 USD

Around 108,560 USD Note: TSP & Noise is measured at Site – Measurement Cost based on Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC Water quality sample is taken at Site & analyzed in Laboratory- based on Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC Perdiem based on Circular 23/2007/TT-BTC – Transportation cost based on Current Vehicle transportation price

Average amount for one subproject = 108,560 USD Total estimate cost for 4 subprojects = 434,240 USD

Annex 2: Cost estimation of water quality analysis for one sample

Price VND according to No Criteria Unit Circular 83/2002/TT-BTC 1 T Sample 2 pH Sample 30.000 3 DO Sample 60.000 4 Turbidity Sample 50.000 5 EC Sample 40.000 6 SS Sample 50.000 7 Cl Sample 50.000 8 SO4-- Sample 50.000 9 Ca Sample 60.000 10 Mg Sample 60.000 11 Fe Sample 60.000 12 NO2- Sample 50.000 13 NO3- Sample 50.000 14 NH4+ Sample 60.000 15 PO4 3- Sample 60.000 16 COD Sample 70.000 17 BOD5 Sample 80.000 18 Faecal Coliform Sample 60.000 19 Coliform Sample 60.000 20 As Sample 80.000 21 Pb Sample 60.000 22 Hg Sample 80.000 23 Cd Sample 60.000 24 Cr6+ Sample 60.000 Pesticides-organic 25 Cl / Potassium Sample 600.000 Total VND 1940000 USD 110

Annex 3: Rapid Environmental Assessment (ADB, REA)

Checklist Irrigation /Drainage SubProjects-GMS Project in Viet Nam

Instructions:  This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development. Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.   Country/Project Title: The Greater Mekong Sub region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation (GMS) Project in Viet Nam

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Sitting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas? . protected area x . wetland x .mangrove x .estuarine x .buffer zone of protected area x .special area for protecting biodiversity x B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… . loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of x encroachment into forests/swamp lands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)? . conflicts in water supply rights and related social x Conflicts? . Impediments to movements of people and animals? x .potential ecological problems due to increased soil x erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream capacity? .insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion? x .over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinisation x and ground subsidence? .impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, x impairment of downstream beneficial uses of water? .dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? x 39 households will be

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS affected.

.potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and x land use issues? .soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals? x .noise from construction equipment? x Noise will be generated from construction equipment during the construction phase. .dust? x Dust will be generated during the construction phase. . labour-related social problems, especially if x normally, workers from the workers from different areas are hired? local area are hired. .water logging and soil salinisation due to inadequate x locally, water logging is drainage and farm management? expected during the construction phase. . leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil x characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation water? .reduction of downstream water supply during peak x seasons? .soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, x and public health risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides? .soil erosion (furrow, surface)? x Locally. some erosion is expected. . scouring of canals? x .clogging of canals by sediments? x .clogging of canals by weeds? x .seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater x systems? .introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or x water related diseases?

ANNEX 4: NOTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION MEETING

List of Subproject for Public Consultation’s meetings

Number Meeting Date Time Subproject Province Districts Communes of location participants 20 Sept. 08.00 hrs Thuong Thoi Dong Hong Ngu Thuong Commune 82 2010 Thuong River Thap Phuoc 2 meeting Bankment room 22 Sept. 8.00 hrs Improving and Dong Tam Nong Phu Thanh Commune 90 2010 upgrading Thap B meeting flood control room and irrigation canal of the Plain of Reeds

23 Sept. 8.00 hrs Go Cong Tien Go Cong Long Hoa Commune 76 2010 Giang town meeting room 24 Sept. 8.00 hrs Cai Lay Tien Cai Lay Hiep Duc Commune 86 2010 Giang meeting room Total 334

1. Objectives of the Workshop  To inform the stakeholders the Project information, findings and proposed mitigating measures as indicated in the IEE;  To receive comments from beneficiaries and affected peoples, local officials, community leaders, NGOs/ Societies, and others;  Ensure community consensus for project implementation & information disclosure to local people with precisely;

2. Disclosed information  Subprojects‟ objectives;  Subprojects‟ locations, designs & cost estimates;  GOV & ADB environmental policies & procedures;  Project‟s environmental category per ADB & GoV policies;  Environmental issues per subproject locations & designs;  Potential environmental impacts caused by each subproject;  Proposed mitigation measures;  Environmental Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Program;

3. Meeting Participants

Each subproject Commune, the participants expected to attend the meeting are:  Local authorities: representatives of district and commune PCs, representatives of Viet Nam Woman Union, Public Health, Environment Division at District & Commune level, representatives of local communities.  Representatives of project affected people (PAP) to ensure they are meaningfully involved in the public consultation. PAPs representatives including affected by environmental impacts both direct and indirect negative impacts.

Total of participants for one subproject: 80-90 people

4. Meeting Agenda (each meeting)

Duration for presentation Content Presented by (minutes) 5 Welcome CPC 10 Introduction of the Project & sub-project Nguyen Thi Loan Environmental Consultant- VISION RI 30 Brief presentations on the sub- Nguyen Thi Loan projects/ADB safeguard policy/potential Environmental Consultant- impacts & mitigation measures VISION RI

60 Discussion on environmental issues & All participants potential impacts & mitigation measures & monitoring of mitigation measure implementation, especially public participation in environmental monitoring 5 Wrap-up & Closing Consultants (Note: In all meetings, Environmental, social and community-based disaster risk management consultations were combined)

5. General Comments from Participants of all sub-project’s Public Consultation Meetings

The comments from the participants can be summarised as follows:  There is general agreement on the construction of the Sub-projects in the three provinces because the sub-projects will prevent land slide and soil erosion along Tien river; Reduce flood water level; Flood drainage; acid sulfate water drainage and fresh water resources reservation;  The Project “public consultation” is highly appreciated because it helps local people in understanding the project content and express their opinions so as to ensure effective implementation of the project;  Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project;  Mitigation measures in construction period should be studied carefully , especially for residential area along proposed new and upgrading canals, for example, fence should be set- up properly;  Increase of dust & noise level in construction period is considered as small or negligible impacts due to sub-project sites are not in residential areas;  Works progress should be implemented timely, should not be delayed affecting the livelihood of people dwelling along proposed upgrading/ expanded canals;  Construction activities would affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues, It may be replaced with rearing shrimp by planting rice or other crops during construction period  Regarding water supply, river/canal water is polluted; local people need other source for water supply (drilled well) or storage tank.  Contractors need to hire local people for manual work.  Construction time should be widely informed beforehand to local people to plan agricultural produce & cultivation and to find other transportation way (as main way of transportation is waterway)  Local people wish that Project would improve the irrigation system to wash alum (acid water) from the field to increase rice yields

Conclusion  There is agreement on the construction of the all Sub-projects and desired early construction  Consensus is achieved on socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures recommended by the Project

All comments from participants & stakeholders will be fully considered in mitigation measures of Environmental Assessment & detailed design in next phase Participant‟s Comments of each sub-projects see bellow Table “Summary of Public Consultation Reports “

6. Comments from Participants of the sub-project‟s Public Consultation Meetings

Summary of Public Consultation Reports (8)

Sub-project Province Name Name of Number of Suggestions/ Comments of Commune participants District Embankment Dong Hong Thuong 80 Comments of Tien River Thap Ngu Phuoc 2  Construction activities may for soil affect the fish population, erosion project need to support fishery control in people that are about 800 Thuong Thoi households. Tien  Local people are living mainly by fishing (because they do not have land for agricultural activities)  During operation no adverse effect occurs  The commune is not affected by soil acidity.  Contractors need to hire local workers  People want to know how the acquired land and houses are compensated  Since water supply for local people is taken directly from the Mekong River without treatment, constructors must not discharge domestic and construction wastewater into the river to ensure water quality for the people  How houses and trees in the eroded locations are dealt with?  The embankments of Tien river shall affect the electricity station of pumping irrigation system, which irrigate paddy rice  Contractors should quickly finish construction to avoid affecting the travel of local people.  Construction activities will affect agricultural activities Conclusion  All negative impacts are negligible and easily mitigated  Agreed on mitigation measures  Agreed on the sub-project construction and desired early construction Improving Dong Tam Phu 76 Comments and Thap Nong Thanh B  Construction activities will upgrading affect local prawn farming. In order to overcome this issues,

Sub-project Province Name Name of Number of Suggestions/ Comments of Commune participants District flood control It may be replaced by rearing and irrigation shrimp by planting rice or other canal of the crops during construction period Plain of  Construction activities would Reeds affect local drinking water supply, project needs to provide water storage tanks for local people  There are not many issues on the management of outside people coming for work, because every year (March- July) about 500-700 Viet Namese coming for rice harvest. Thus, local authorities are quite familiar with the management.  Change the labour practices in the absence of the shrimp harvest by planting crops, do not catch birds in the park  Suggest to hire locals in the construction process because the abundant labour resources  After the project, the irrigation system will be improved, flood will be controlled and 3 crops/year can be made Conclusions  Agreed on mitigation measures  Agreed on the sub-project construction and desired early construction Upgrading of Tien Go Long Hoa 76 Comments Salt water Giang Cong  Agree with mitigation intrusion measures recommended by protection the project consultant system in Go  Increase of dust & noise level Cong area in construction period is considered as small impact  Construction in rainy days would increase the possibility of accidents because of wet soil, piles of material causing fall down, electrical accidents, sinking land  Transportation of construction material may cause traffic jams and traffic accidents  Contractors should hire local labor for manual work Conclusion  Agreed on mitigation

100

Sub-project Province Name Name of Number of Suggestions/ Comments of Commune participants District measures  Agreed on the sub-project construction and desired early construction

Flood Tien Cai Hiep Duc 86 Existing environmental condition Control Giang Lay  The dredging would not affect System for water quality because the Bai Rai – canal system is connected Phu An  People have no comment on Orchards in the time the contractor's work Cai Lay and Contractors should hire local Cai Be  labour for manual work Districts,  Sources of income of local people come primarily from fruits, not from fisheries, thus dredging canals would not affect income sources of local people The transportation by waterway during the construction phase is not affected (as local people can go by other way)

Conclusion:  Agreed on mitigation measures  Agreed on the sub-project construction and desired early

101

7. Pictures and List of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings

7.1 Dong Thap

Public Consultation Meeting in Thuong Phuoc 2 commune, Hong Ngu District (20/ Sep, 2010)

Public Consultation Meeting at Phu Thanh B commune, Tam Nong district, Dong Thap province 22 Sep 2010

a. Tien Giang

Public Consultation Meeting at Long Hoa Commune, Go Cong District Tien Giang Province 23 Sep 2010

102

Public Consultation Meeting at Cai Lay District Tien Giang Province 24 Sep 2010

103

Lists of Participants in Public Consultation Meetings

1. Meetings in Dong Thap Public consultation in Thuong Phuoc 2 commune, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

104

105

Public consultation in Phu Thanh B commune, Hong Ngu district, Dong Thap province

106

2. Meeting in Tien Giang

Public consultation in Long Hoa commune, Go Cong town, Tien Giang province

107

Public consultation in Hiep Duc commune, Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province

108

List of Bird species in Tram Chim National Park (up to May, 2007)

Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok ANSERIFORMES Dendrocygnidae 1 Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling-duck Le nâu Anatidae 2 Anser anser Greylag Goose Ngỗng trời 3 Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Vịt khoang 4 Cairina scutulata White-winged Duck Ngan cánh trắng EN V IIB I 5 Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck Vịt mồng 6 Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton Pygmy-goose Le khoang cổ T 7 Anas penelope Eurasian Wigeon Vịt đầu vàng 8 Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed Duck Vịt trời 9 Anas clypeata Northern Shoveler Vịt mỏ thìa 10 Anas acuta Northern Pintail Vịt mốc 11 Anas querquedula Garganey Mồng két mày trắng 12 Anas crecca Common Teal Mồng két TURNICIFORMES Turnicidae 13 Turnix sylvatica Small Buttonquail Cun cút nhỏ 14 Turnix tanki Yellow-legged Buttonquail Cun cút lưng hung PICIFORMES Picidae 15 Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck Vẹo cổ Megalaimidae 16 Megalaima haemacephala Coppersmith Barbet Cu rốc cổ đỏ 17 Calorhamphus fuliginosus Brown Barbet CORACIIFORMES Coraciidae

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 18 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Sả rừng 19 Eurystomus orientalis Dollarbird Yểng quạ Alcedinidae 20 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Bồng chanh 21 Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher Bồng chanh tai xanh Halcyonidae 22 Halcyon capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Sả mỏ rộng T 23 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher Sả đầu nâu 24 Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher Sả đầu đen 25 Todiramphus chloris KingfisherCollared Sả khoang cổ, Chẽo chẹt Cerylidae 26 Megaceryle lugubris Crested Kingfisher Bói cá lớn T 27 Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher Bói cá nhỏ Meropidae 28 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater Trảu đầu hung 29 Merops viridis Blue-throated Bee-eater Trảu họng xanh 30 Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater Trảu họng vàng 31 Merops leschenaulti Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Trảu họng vàng CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 32 Cacomantis merulinus Plaintive Cuckoo Tìm vịt 33 Chrysococcyx maculatus Asian Emerald Cuckoo Tìm vịt xanh 34 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Tu hú 35 Phaenicophaeus tristis Green-billed Malkoha Phướn, Coọc Centropodidae 36 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Bìm bịp lớn 37 Centropus bengalensis Lesser Coucal Bìm bịp nhỏ APODIFORMES Apodidae 38 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift Yến cọ

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 39 Apus affinis House Swift Yến cằm trắng STRIGIFORMES Tytonidae 40 Tyto capensis Grass Owl Cú lợn lưng nâu IIB II Caprimulgidae Cú muỗi đuôi dài, Chim 41 Caprimulgus macrurus Large-tailed Nightjar II ục COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 42 Columba livia Rock Pigeon Gầm ghì đá 43 Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle Dove Cu sen 44 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Cu gáy, Cu đất 45 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared Dove Cu ngói 46 Macropygia unchall Barred Cuckoo Dove Gầm ghì vằn 47 Treron vernans Pink-necked Green Pigeon Cu xanh đầu xám GRUIFORMES Otididae Ô tác, Công đất, Công 48 Houbaropsis bengalensis Bengal Florican EN V IIB I sấm Gruidae 49 Grus antigone Sarus Crane Sếu cổ trụi, Sếu đầu đỏ VU V II Rallidae Gà nước vằn, Chàng 50 Gallirallus striatus Slaty-breasted Rail nghịch 51 Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen Cuốc ngực trắng 52 Porzana pusilla Baillon's Crake Cuốc lùn 53 Porzana fusca Ruddy-breasted Crake Cuốc ngực nâu 54 Porzana cinerea White-browed Crake Cuốc mày trắng, Võ vẽ 55 Gallicrex cinerea Watercock Gà đồng, Cúm núm 56 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Xít, Trích, Trích cồ

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 57 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Kịch, Trích ré 58 Fulica atra Common Coot Sâm cầm CICONIIFORMES Scolopacidae 59 Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Rẽ giun Á châu 60 Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Rẽ giun 61 Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Choắt mỏ thẳng đuôi đen 62 Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Choắt mỏ thẳng đuôi vằn 63 Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Choắt chân đỏ 64 Tringa totanus Common Redshank Choắt nâu 65 Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Choắt đốm đen 66 Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Choắt lớn 67 Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Choắt bụng trắng 68 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Choắt bụng xám 69 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Choắt nhỏ 70 Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Rẽ lưng đen 71 Calidris subminuta Long-toed Stint Rẽ ngón dài 72 Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Rẽ bụng nâu Rostratulidae 73 Rostratula benghalensis Greater Painted-snipe Nhát hoa Jacanidae 74 Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana Gà lôi nước 75 Metopidius indicus Bronze-winged Jacana Gà lôi nước Ấn Độ Charadriidae 76 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Cà kheo 77 Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Choi choi vàng 78 Pluvialis dominicus American Golden Plover 79 Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Choi choi nhỏ 80 Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Choi choi khoang cổ 81 Charadrius peronii Malaysian Plover Choi choi lưng đen LR

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 82 Vanellus duvaucelii River Lapwing Te cựa 83 Vanellus cinereus Grey-headed Lapwing Te vàng, Te te hoạch 84 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing Te vặt Glareolidae 85 Dromas ardeola Crab-plover 86 Glareola maldivarum Oriental Pratincole Dô nách nâu, Óc cau 87 Glareola lactea Small Pratincole Dô nách xám Laridae 88 Larus argentatus Herring Gull Mòng bể chân vàng 89 Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern Nhàn chân đen 90 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern Nhàn Caxpia 91 Sterna hirundo Common Tern Nhàn 92 Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern Nhàn đen Accipitridae 93 Pandion haliaetus Osprey Ó cá II 94 Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon's Baza Diều hoa Jerdon 95 Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza Diều mào II 96 Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite Diều trắng 97 Milvus migrans Black Kite Diều hâu 98 Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Diều lửa II 99 Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh Harrier Diều đầu trắng II 100 Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Diều Hen 101 Circus melanoleucos Pied Harrier Diều mướp II 102 Accipiter badius Shikra Ưng xám II 103 Accipiter gularis Japanese Sparrowhawk Ưng Nhật Bản 104 Buteo buteo Common Buzzard Diều Nhật Bản 105 Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Đại bàng đen VU II Falconidae 106 Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Cắt lưng hung II 107 Falco amurensis Amur Falcon Cắt Amur

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 108 Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Cắt lớn I Podicipedidae 109 Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Le hôi Anhingidae 110 Anhinga melanogaster Darter Cổ rắn, Điêng điểng LR Phalacrocoracidae 111 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Cốc đen, Còng cọc 112 Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian Cormorant Cốc đế nhỏ 113 Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Cốc đế, Bạc má R Ardeidae 114 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Cò trắng 115 Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret Cò trắng Trung Quốc VU 116 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Diệc xám 117 Ardea sumatrana Great-billed Heron Diệc Xumatra 118 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Diệc lửa 119 Casmerodius albus Great Egret Cò ngàng lớn 120 Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret Cò ngàng nhỏ 121 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Cò ruồi 122 Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond Heron Cò bợ 123 Ardeola speciosa Javan Pond Heron Cò bợ Java 124 Butorides striatus Little Heron Cò xanh 125 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron Vạc 126 Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern Cò lửa lùn 127 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern Cò lửa 128 Dupetor flavicollis Black Bittern Cò hương 129 Botaurus stellaris Great Bittern Vạc rạ Threskiornithidae 130 Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Quắm đen 131 Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis Cò quăm đầu đen LR 132 Platalea minor Black-faced Spoonbill Cò thìa EN R IB

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok Pelecanidae 133 Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billed Pelican Bồ nông chân xám VU R Ciconiidae 134 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Cò lạo Ấn Độ, Giang sen LR R 135 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill Cò nhạn, Cò ốc R 136 Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Black-necked Stork Cò Á châu E 137 Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant Già đẫy Java, Già sói VU R IB 138 Leptoptilos dubius Greater Adjutant Già đẫy lớn EN E PASSERIFORMES Pardalotidae 139 Gerygone sulphurea Golden-bellied Gerygone Chích bụng vàng Laniidae 140 Lanius tigrinus Tiger Shrike Bách thanh vằn 141 Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike Bách thanh mày trắng 142 Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike Bách thanh đầu đen Corvidae 143 Crypsirina temia Racket-tailed Treepie Chim khách 144 Oriolus chinensis Black-naped Oriole Vàng anh Trung Quốc 145 Coracina macei Large Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám lớn 146 Coracina polioptera Indochinese Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám nhỏ 147 Coracina melaschistos Black-winged Cuckooshrike Phường chèo xám Bar-winged Flycatcher- Phường chèo đen 148 Hemipus picatus shrike 149 Rhipidura albicollis White-throated Fantail Rẻ quạt họng trắng 150 Rhipidura javanica Pied Fantail Rẻ quạt Java 151 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo Chèo bẻo 152 Dicrurus annectans Crow-billed Drongo Chèo bẻo mỏ quạ 153 Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo Chèo bẻo rừng 154 Dicrurus hottentottus Spangled Drongo Chèo bẻo bờm 155 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Chim nghệ ngực vàng

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 156 Tephrodornis gularis Large Woodshrike Phường chèo nâu Phường chèo nâu mày 157 Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Woodshrike trắng Muscicapidae 158 Monticola solitarius Blue Rock Thrush Hoét đá 159 Brachypteryx montana White-browed Shortwing Hoét đuôi cụt xanh 160 Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher Đớp ruồi nâu 161 Ficedula mugimaki Mugimaki Flycatcher Đớp ruồi Mugi 162 Ficedula parva Red-throated Flycatcher Đớp ruồi họng đỏ 163 Ficedula dumetoria Rufous-chested Flycatcher Đớp ruôi mặt hung 164 Niltava macgrigoriae Small Niltava Đớp ruồi trán đen Grey-headed Canary Đớp ruồi đầu xám 165 Culicicapa ceylonensis Flycatcher 166 Luscinia svecica Bluethroat Oanh cổ xanh 167 Luscinia cyane Siberian Blue Robin Oanh lưng xanh 168 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin Chích chòe than 169 Copsychus malabaricus White-rumped Shama Chích chòe lửa IIB 170 Saxicola torquata Common Stonechat Sẻ bụi đầu đen 171 Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Sẻ bụi đen 172 Saxicola ferrea Grey Bushchat Sẻ bụi xám Sturnidae 173 Sturnus malabaricus Chestnut-tailed Starling Sáo đá đuôi hung 174 Sturnus burmannicus Vinous-breasted Starling Sáo sậu đầu trắng Hirundinidae 175 Riparia riparia Sand Martin Nhạn nâu xám 176 Riparia paludicola Plain Martin Nhạn nâu đỏ 177 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Nhạn bụng trắng 178 Hirundo tahitica Pacific Swallow Nhạn đuôi đen 179 Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow Nhạn bụng xám 180 Delichon urbica Northern House Martin Nhạn hông trắng Xibêri

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok Pycnonotidae 181 Pycnonotus goiavier Yellow-vented Bulbul Bông lau mày trắng 182 Pycnonotus blanfordi Streak-eared Bulbul Bông lau tai vằn 183 Pycnonotus brunneus Red-eyed Bulbul 184 Hypsipetes leucocephalus Black Bulbul Cành cạch đen Cisticolidae 185 Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola Chiền chiện đồng hung 186 Prinia polychroa Brown Prinia Chiền chiện núi 187 Prinia rufescens Rufescent Prinia Chiền chiện đầu nâu 188 Prinia hodgsonii Grey-breasted Prinia Chiền chiện lưng xám 189 Prinia flaviventris Yellow-bellied Prinia Chiền chiện bụng vàng 190 Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Chiền chiện bụng hung Zosteropidae 191 Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental White-eye Vành khuyên họng vàng 192 Zosterops japonicus Japanese White-eye Vành khuyên Nhật Bản Sylviidae 193 Bradypterus thoracicus Spotted Bush Warbler Chích họng vạch 194 Locustella lanceolata Lanceolated Warbler Chích đầm lầy nhỏ 195 Locustella certhiola Rusty-rumped Warbler Chích đầm lầy lớn Black-browed Reed Chích đầu nhọn mày đen 196 Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Warbler Chích đầu nhọn Phương 197 Acrocephalus orientalis Oriental Reed Warbler Đông 198 Acrocephalus aedon Thick-billed Warbler Chích mỏ rộng 199 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird Chích đuôi dài 200 Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler Chim Chích nâu 201 Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed Warbler Chích mày lớn 202 Phylloscopus borealis Arctic Warbler Chích Phương Bắc 203 Abroscopus superciliaris Yellow-bellied Warbler Chích đớp ruồi mỏ vàng 204 Megalurus palustris Striated Grassbird Chiền chiện lớn

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 205 Macronous gularis Striped Tit Babbler Chích chạch má vàng Alaudidae 206 Mirafra assamica Rufous-winged Bushlark Sơn ca Thái Lan 207 Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Sơn ca Nectariniidae Scarlet-backed Chim sâu lưng đỏ 208 Dicaeum cruentatum Flowerpecker 209 Anthreptes malacensis Brown-throated Sunbird Hút mật họng nâu 210 Nectarinia jugularis Olive-backed Sunbird Hút mật họng tím Passeridae 211 Passer flaveolus Plain-backed Sparrow Sẻ bụi vàng 212 Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow Sẻ 213 Motacilla alba White Wagtail Chìa vôi trắng 214 Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Chìa vôi đầu vàng 215 Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail Chìa vôi vàng 216 Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Chìa vôi núi 217 Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit Chim manh lớn 218 Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pipit 219 Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit Chim manh Vân Nam 220 Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit Chim manh họng đỏ 221 Ploceus manyar Streaked Weaver Rồng rộc đen 222 Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver Rồng rộc 223 Ploceus hypoxanthus Asian Golden Weaver Rồng rộc vàng LR 224 Amandava amandava Red Avadavat Mai hoa 225 Erythrura prasina Pin-tailed Parrotfinch Di xanh 226 Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia Di cam 227 Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Munia Di đá 228 Lonchura malacca Black-headed Munia Di đầu đen Fringillidae 229 Carpodacus rubescens Blanford's Rosefinch

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Viet-nam Scientific name Common name IUCN Red- Decre TT Viet Nam name Red Data CITES list 2006 e 32 Bok 230 Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch Sẻ hồng mura 231 Emberiza aureola Yellow-breasted Bunting Sẻ đồng ngực vàng LR Conservation status: - IUCN Redlist 2006: LR: globally near-threatened (low risk) species, VU: globally threatened (vulnerable) species, EN: globally threatened (endangered) species - Viet Nam Red Data Book: R: nationally rare species, T: nationally threatened species, V: nationally vulnerable species, E: endangered. - Decree 32 of the Viet Namese Government (2006): IIB: species listed on the Appendix IIB - CITES Convention: Appendix I and II