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– March 2020 – Photo credits: ADCIS, Bip Info, Aulne CARITE, Communauté de Communes de Lacq-Orthez, Étienne FOLLET, Laurent PASCAL, SOBEGI – Written by: Sophie EUSTACHE RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM FOREXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHINLACQ A GLOBAL NETWORK TOTAL E&P’S &D Robot operating a valve IN FIGURES in front of the Robotics Development Platform

HOUSTON RIO DE JANEIRO CSTJF R&D, THE (USA) (Brazil) (France) (France) WORLD IS OUR

LABORATORY SUSTAINABLE EQUIPMENT FOR CUTTING-EDGE EXPERIMENTS By basing our specialized research centers and teams strategically near the regional hubs of the Oil & Gas The Lacq Pilot Platform (PPL) occupies nearly six hectares industry, we gain access to these regions and project our of the Induslacq industrial plant, adjacent to the PERL and R&D’s image of excellence around the world. compliant with SEVESO 3 regulations. Working in full synergy with the nerve center of Total Its purpose is to host large-scale research facilities that E&P’s R&D at the Centre Scientifique et Technique are crucial for the Group and complementary to the work Jean-Féger (CSTJF) in southwest France, researchers are conducted in the PERL laboratories. These research facilities can handle all the raw materials, integrated with multi-site teams, and research programs chemicals and by-products typically found at a production focus on themes crucial for Total’s competitiveness. site (toxic and/or flammable gases including 2H S; oil; Our international network and the close ties we have forged produced water, etc.) and conform to the safety procedures with leading public and private research bodies enable us to applicable on sites subject to the specific environmental tap into the academic and industrial expertise available 300 protection legislation governing ICPE (Installations Classified for the Protection of the Environment). in each region. DEDICATED Since 2018, the PPL has been home to TADI (Total Anomaly This open innovation strategy keeps our finger EMPLOYEES 25 on the pulse of the most promising scientific Detection Initiatives) the only test facility of its kind in the NATIONALITIES world. The 2,000 m2 platform is devoted to safety (prevention and technological advances. of major accidents) and the environment (reducing We can leverage them to lead in delivering tomorrow’s emissions). A robotics test site right next to the TADI platform breakthrough technologies. is used by the Total R&D team to develop ground robotics, With the PERL, Total E&P’s research center in France, a forward-looking disruptive technology on the road to a new we can avail ourselves of test capacities on multiple scales era for the surveillance of oil & gas sites. m2 9,000 Alongside these programs, discussions are under way to in the immediate vicinity of the CSTJF. OF LABORATORIES develop new projects that will make this platform a major DOMINIQUE JANODET experimentation tool for green energies, flow assurance, Vice President of R&D, E&P and CO2 capture, transportation and injection.

MAIN PARTNERSHIPS

TADI METEC (Methane Emission Test and Evaluation Center, Colorado State University, United States), Mines ParisTech, ESTIA (Institute of Advanced Industrial Technologies)

KEY CONTRIBUTIONS IN 4 OF THE GROUP’S 5 STRATEGIC R&D PROGRAMS Access the Fluidbook™ OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY of this brochure on SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT your laptop, tablet or LOW CARBON MIX smartphone. DIGITAL Flash this code.

Hyperspectral cameras. ABERDEEN STAVANGER DOHA (United Kingdom) (Norway) (Qatar)

SOME 400 PATENT FAMILIES REPRESENTING 2,000 PATENTS FROM ALL NATIONALITIES 10 DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FIELD-TESTED EVERY YEAR THE PERL THE IN FIGURES PLATFORM FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IN 115 RESEARCH PROJECTS LACQ

The PERL is internationally renowned for its scientific expertise in three crucial areas for the Total group: management of the environmental impacts of its industrial activities, gas separation – including 80 CO2 capture – and the physical-chemistry of interfaces RESEARCHERS between hydrocarbons, water and solids. 4,000 m2 The platform has three complementary sites, giving it OF LABORATORIES AND PILOT TEST the facilities it requires to perform research work from UNITS the laboratory right up to large-scale testing: - Its laboratories benefit from the dynamics of innovation of the Lacq basin and the presence of the community of researchers belonging to research entities in neighboring industrial groups and start-ups. - The Pilot River site is a unique test site mirroring the ecosystem of the Gave de Pau river, an affluent of the Adour, one of the river’s in the Aquitaine basin. 6 hectares - The Lacq Pilot Platform is a vast area in which large-scale FOR LARGE-SCALE experiments involving considerable volumes of hazardous R&D PILOT UNITS gases and fluids can be conducted in total safety on an industrial Seveso 3 site. The PERL leverages its multi-scale resources and cross-disciplinary know-how on behalf of numerous R&D programs targeting innovations for subsurface and surface applications, making it the spearhead of the Group in the search for innovative solutions to fight climate change and preserve the environment.

CATHERINE LEROI Director of the PERL 02

CO2 CAPTURE BEING TESTED R esearch & Development / PERL The VeloxoTherm™ technology developed by the Canadian start-up Svante is full of promise. Based on the use of a structured and stratified adsorbent fixed into frames in a rotary adsorption machine, the system should significantly reduce the size – and

therefore the capex – of CO2 capture equipment compared to a standard solvent capture process. The Group’s interest in this innovation led to its partnership with Svante, alongside Lafarge Canada and FLSmidth (the leading supplier of equipment and services for

the cement industry), in CO2MENT, a GAS SEPARATION demonstration pilot for the technology (1 ton/day of CO2) on combustion fumes AND TREATMENT from the LafargeHolcim cement works in Richmond (Canada), that will combine the capture techniques with mineralization TO CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCING technologies so that CO2 can be used in THE IMPACT OF OUR ACTIVITIES concrete manufacturing. Alongside that, a process demonstration ON THE CLIMATE, BY FINE-TUNING unit (PDU) with a capacity of 100 kg per day is run in-house by the teams at the VIABLE CO2 CAPTURE SOLUTIONS, PERL to test and optimize the performance AND ALSO TO DEVELOP NEW, of the technology. SAFER, MORE EFFICIENT AND MORE COST-EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS, FOCUSING IN PARTICULAR ON COMPACTNESS AND VERSATILITY, IN ORDER TO RESPOND TO INCREASINGLY DEMANDING SPECIFICATIONS ON THE QUALITY OF OUR PRODUCTION.

CO2MENT pilot demonstration unit for CO2 capture testing 03

THE HAZARDOUS EXPERTISE

GASES OF THE OIL & TESTING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS GAS INDUSTRY FOR GAS SEPARATION Design and operation of experimental resources of all sizes, to evaluate gas separation technologies, Handling toxic, flammable fluids is the in particular CO2 capture, and gas treatment. hallmark of this historic hub of expertise Evaluation of new, more efficient and low-energy materials initially set up to pursue R&D on the sour (solvents, adsorbents, membranes) and technologies gas extracted from the Lacq gas field for CO2 capture or gas treatment, such as the “HySWEET” in the 1960s. Indeed, it has access to commercial range of solvents developed by Total. the skills, equipment and infrastructure Evaluation of new and compact gas treatment technologies, undisturbed by sea swell for floating needed to deal safely with these facilities or subsea processing (subsea high-pressure substances. Handling significant quantities gas dehydration) to keep pace with the increasing (i.e. several tens of kilograms) of H2S use of subsea processing on our deep- and ultra-deep in connection with its research on acid water developments. gas separation is, naturally, one of the Construction of specific test benches to qualify hub’s most prominent areas of expertise. technologies involving gases, such as new miniaturized However, its capabilities also include analyzers. the many other types of flammable and/ or toxic gases – hydrocarbons, carbon CUSTOM DESIGN OF PILOT UNITS monoxide, mercaptans, hydrogen – A case-by-case approach to meet the specific needs of R&D regarding various gas-related applications (detection, or synthesis gases (propylene and separation, treatment) particularly with respect to toxic ethylene) – that come into play in research cases such as H S. work to optimize processes for gas 2 separation and treatment, and of course OPTIMIZING COSTS for CO2 capture and transportation. We focus on the reliability and accuracy of our experimental data to respond to the major challenge of reducing the costs (capex and opex) of our industrial facilities. For example, these data serve to fine-tune the accuracy of models used to design gas separation and treatment units and improve the robustness of predictions regarding their performance, thereby reducing the design margins that have a direct impact on costs.

EXPERIMENTAL RESOURCES

FROM THE LABORATORY TO LARGE-SCALE RESEARCH FACILITIES A wide spectrum of tools related to the themes studied (absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, solvent analyses, gas analyses and detection, etc.) serve to characterize and evaluate innovative technologies.

Solvent used in the innovative WITHIN A WIDE RANGE OF PRESSURES HySWEET® MDEA technology AND TEMPERATURES From -80 to 200°, and up to 300 bar.

MAIN PARTNERSHIPS

GAS SEPARATION AND TREATMENT University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) University of Colorado Boulder: CO2 capture and gas treatment. Svante (British Columbia, Canada): CO2 capture Research on foaming phenomena in gas/liquid columns. 04 R esearch & Development / PERL

Screening for surfactants to use in formulations of water/oil microemulsions

PHYSICAL- CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSES

IMPROVING OUR MODELS THROUGH FROM MOLECULE THE IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING OF TO RESERVOIR PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS When the PERL’s physical chemists are THAT TAKE PLACE BETWEEN developing new chemical-based HYDROCARBONS, WATER AND SOLIDS, applications, their role is not limited to selecting, or inventing if needed, FROM THE RESERVOIR RIGHT UP appropriate molecules: it extends – in TO PRODUCTION, TO OPTIMIZE THE collaboration with the E&P entities involved – to the design and execution COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT of a workflow that maps out the PROCESSES AND CREATE INNOVATIVE progressive upscaling of tests up to the design of the pilot in the field. Even as DESIGNS FOR EXPLORATION AND they are formulating new molecules, the PRODUCTION (RESERVOIR, WELLS, researchers on the R&D team are already fully aware of the constraints of the target PRODUCTION IN SURFACE LINES AND reservoir or site chosen to host a pilot NETWORKS – FLOW ASSURANCE), study. This integration from the laboratory to the field operators in our affiliates was AND FOR THE OTHER BRANCHES one of the keys to success for the single- OF THE GROUP. well C-EOR pilot trial at ABK (Abu Dhabi). The injection of surfactants formulated and patented by the PERL to withstand the high salinity of the field’s carbonate reservoirs resulted in an incremental recovery of approximately 35% in the near wellbore area. This success story then led to the kick-off of studies to apply this technology on various projects in Russia Porous medium test bench and the Middle East. with installation of a core 05

EXPERTISE

A JOINT LABORATORY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF INTERFACES WITH ESPCI Microfluid system to visualize The dominant focus of activities is on liquid/liquid physical phenomena at pore scale interfaces (control of emulsions, deposits, corrosion, and formulation of surfactants for C-EOR, demulsifiers, The PERL’s physical chemists and marine dispersants, etc. for oil spill response applications), the specialists at ESPCI share a long- with additional research activities on solid/liquid (rock standing history of numerous and fruitful wettability, anti-corrosion mechanism actions) and liquid/ collaborative projects. gas interfaces (injection of gas and CO2 in reservoirs, well productivity, riser stability and multiphase transport). Established in 2015, a joint laboratory dedicated to the Physical Chemistry POLYMER FORMULATION of Complex Interfaces (known by the Development of polymers designed to increase the French acronym, PIC) now embodies viscosity of injection water to optimize sweep efficiency their mutual desire to strengthen the and boost hydrocarbon recovery factors. bonds between fundamental science and applied research. At stake is an DEVELOPMENT OF STATE-OF-THE-ART ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES understanding of the uniquely complex Examples include analyzing polymers in solution and phenomena at play at the interfaces spectroscopy of chemical species that affect the interfacial between oil/water and solids (reservoir equilibria of complex multiphase samples (identification porous media)/fluids (namely oil or water). and quantification of species contained in water, in oil and Advancing our fundamental knowledge at the interfaces). will contribute to the momentum of our multidisciplinary R&D effort, which spans EXPERIMENTAL RESOURCES from the reservoir to the surface, thus enhancing our expertise in areas decisive MICROMODELS for the future of the energy industry. Built in-house using NOA technology (Norland Optical This laboratory will focus in particular on Adhesive) developed at ESPCI-ParisTech or by sintering the storage of CO2, the control of foam silicon beads to visualize fluid flow dynamics at the properties with surfactants, the filtration micrometric scale. of multiphase systems (water treatment, The combination of physical measurements and image water reinjection, algae, ...). analyses generates physical models representative of the phenomena observed.

PILOTES Monitoring of liquid/liquid separation (up to a maximum limit of 9,000 l/hr.), preparation of polymer solutions, formulation of reconstituted produced water to supply water treatment pilots, etc.

TEST BENCHES TO STUDY SWEEP IN POROUS MEDIA

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Tensiometers to measure the interaction energies at interfaces, advanced rheometers equipped with innovative devices to study polymers in solution, micro-emulsions; wax deposits, microscopy and image analysis techniques, pressure cells for working with CO2 etc.

MAIN PARTNERSHIPS

EOR University of Austin, ESPCI, University Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS (PIC laboratory), ENS Lyon.

FLOW ASSURANCE Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU, Trondheim, Norway), University of Pau et des Pays de PIC laboratory: handling of chemicals l’Adour (UPPA), in a glovebox with 0 ppb of oxygen ESPCI, University Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS (PIC laboratory) 06

PILOT RIVERS, UNIQUE FACILITIES R esearch & Development / PERL FOR UNIQUE BENEFITS

This outdoor laboratory is unmatched in the oil and gas industry. It consists in 16 artificial watercourses deviated from the Gave de Pau (river). It is used to study how industrial effluent discharges affect freshwater, to assess these impacts using biological indicators and evaluate the risks related to specific substances. The facility is used in particular to develop Measuring dissolved oxygen a competency hub in ecotoxicology as part of an I-site partnership chair between ENVIRONMENT Total, the University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) and Rio Tinto, created in 2019 to evaluate the impact of chemical TO KEEP INDUSTRIES’ ENVIRONMENTAL pollution in freshwater. The main research themes are the FOOTPRINT AS SMALL AS POSSIBLE evaluation of new environmental USING INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES, monitoring tools in freshwater, the qualification and validation of genetics- IN COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATORY based tools (environmental DNA, REQUIREMENTS AND THE EXPECTATIONS metabarcoding, barcoding, sequencing, etc.) and the effect of particulate OF OUR STAKEHOLDERS, compartment (not dissolved) in impact AND TO MANAGE OUR IMPACTS assessments, in particular through notions of bioavailability. Lastly, the issue ON WATER AND SOIL. of climate change and its impact on watercourses is to be evaluated – a subject of increasing concern for basin agencies in Europe in particular.

PERL Pilot Rivers site 07

EXPERTISE MICROALGAE WATER TREATMENT TO VALORIZE CO2 Optimization or development of water treatment for oily water, sometimes viscosified using polymers, and processes for industrial wastewaters (membrane Using CO2 to produce biomass that can be given a second life as a biofuel processes, oxidation, absorption, adsorption, biotreatment), to maximize recycling, prepare them for reuse such as or biogas is one of the techniques growing microalgae and use CO to produce biofuel. being developed to help attain the 2 objective of a net zero carbon footprint SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION in the second half of the century. Characterization, treatment and monitoring of soil and Experts at the PERL in water treatment, groundwater as part of contaminated site management and remediation. Development of field tools, implementation biological in particular, are called on of tests at lab scale and on industrial pilots. to optimize the energy performance of these technologies designed to fight IMPACT MANAGEMENT climate change. The center’s specific Anticipating developments in regulations – facilities for this purpose include: in particular those aimed at “zero biodiversity impact” - Photobioreactors used for of discharge waters – by developing pertinent research on optimizing Underground water monitoring ecological monitoring and characterization techniques the culture and growth of that can also predict environmental impact. microalgae that consume CO . 2 MICROBIOLOGY OF ECOSYSTEMS - An experimental microalgae Managing the latest molecular biology and bioinformatics culture facility in the form of analysis tools to use microbial communities as biomarkers. a carousel or raceway (4 m3). Improving the understanding of microbial ecosystems to inhibit or stimulate certain flora of interest. As part of this line of research, the PERL has also developed and patented respirometric tools adapted EXPERIMENTAL RESOURCES to monitori microalgae activity. SOME THIRTY PILOT UNITS ranging in size from a few milliliters to several cubic meters.

A NETWORK OF 16 PILOT RIVERS

ADYCHATS, (Aquifer Dynamic CHAracterization Tools System), an experimental platform equipped with 20 piezometers distributed over 5.5 hectares, for the development and validation of field tools for the characterization, monitoring and remediation of groundwaters.

A DNA SEQUENCING AND RADIO-RESPIROMETRY LABORATORY , for diagnostic screening tests run on contaminated soils.

A RACEWAY of 4 m3 for the culture of micro-algae in open basins.

MAIN PARTNERSHIPS

University of Toulouse, University of Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, ENSI Poitiers, Kansas University, Amphos 21 (Spain), INRS Quebec, University of Bordeaux, Ifremer, Oklahoma University, British Geological Survey, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Institut Physique du Globe de Paris.

Culture of microalgae in a raceway 08 R esearch & Development / PERL

TADI: DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES TO OPTIMIZE SAFETY

Optimizing the prevention of major accidents is an absolute priority. To achieve this objective, the “safety” project will be drawing on TADI (Total Anomaly Detection Initiatives), a test site LACQ PILOT designed to qualify innovative gas leak detection, localization and quantification PLATFORM technologies. A true industrial theater, both realistic and modular owing to the use of DEDICATED TO THE CREATION OF equipment from the former Lacq plant, LARGE-SCALE RESEARCH FACILITIES the facility enables users to reproduce in a controlled environment, a wide IN AN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT, variety of environmental or accident THE PPL PROVIDES A SPECIALIZED scenarios from field REX, with leak flow-rates ranging from 0.1 to 300 g/s. TEST GROUND FOR THE GROUP’S The TADI application gives a real-time The project is on the verge of moving up R&D TEAMS. map of the facility in the event of a gas leak, to the next level and entering the era of so that the source can be detected and digital prevention through the development personnel located and taken to safety of an intelligent, real-time and remote diagnosis and decision-making tool. It is based on a system for real-time mass data processing and valorization. In an anomaly detection configuration, the raw monitoring data are converted into pertinent information and transferred as a diagnosis and recommendations optimized by artificial intelligence for the operator in the control room, with a view to catalyzing the decision-making process.

The TADI facility at the PPL AT THE FOREFRONT OF GROUND ROBOTICS

Inaugurated in 2019, the Robotics Development Platform completes the range of Group resources devoted to the development of ground robots for oil & gas sites. Backing on to the TADI test facility and optimized for robotics, this test area includes a modular structure 6 meters high and several test benches. It will serve to both train operators in how to use the technology and to define the specifications for future versions of robots and new operating philosophies. At the cutting edge of this crucial topic for its future unmanned operating facilities, Total has kicked off a ground robot pilot – the first of its kind in the world. The pilot is backed by the OGTC (Oil & Gas Technology Centre), and run on the TEP UK Shetland gas plant site. It deploys two robots able to autonomously detect anomalies compared with a known standard situation, to monitor the process parameters, create maps and move over all types of surfaces in the installation, including going up and down stairs.

Development of the OGRIP surveillance robot on the Robotics Development Platform