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Inventing the Joint Strike Fighter Dr. Paul Bevilaqua Lockheed Martin Skunk Works General Arrangement Length 50 ft Span 35 ft Wing area 450 sq ft Empty Weight 30,000 lbs AB Thrust 40,000 lbs Vertical Lift 40,000 lbs DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Relative Size of Naval JSF Length 56 ft Length 51 ft Length 47 ft Span 37 ft Span 43 ft Span 30 ft Wing Area 400 ft 2 Wing Area 620 ft 2 Wing Area 240 ft 2 Internal Fuel 10,800 lb Internal Fuel 19,500 lb Internal Fuel 7,900 lb Spot factor 1.0 Spot Factor 1.09 Spot Factor .82 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. JSF1018010 Service Needs • USMC 609 − STOVL Strike Fighter to Replace the AV-8B and F/A-18C/D • RN and RAF 150 − Supersonic STOVL Replacement for the Sea Harrier and GR-7 • USAF 1763 − Stealthy Strike Fighter to Replace the F-16 and A-10 • USN 480 − Stealthy Strike Fighter 3000 US/UK Joint Strike Fighters DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. JSF Family of Aircraft CTOL STOVL Naval Length 50 ft Length 50 ft Length 51 ft Span 35 ft Span 35 ft Span 43 ft Wing Area 460 ft2 Wing Area 460 ft2 Wing Area 620 ft2 Internal fuel 18,500 lbs Internal fuel 13,250 lbs Internal fuel 19,500 lbs DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. JSF Commonality Cousin Parts Designed for Self Defense Low W / S AESA Long Range Radar High CL max 360o Visibility Low Span Loading Twin Verticals 2 Internal AIM 120’s High T/ W DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Designed for Ground Attack Low Vulnerability Good Field of View Low IR Signature Internal EO Systems Supersonic Speeds Internal Precision Guided Weapons Agile Stable Target Tracking DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Designed for Low Vulnerability Dry Bay Fire Protection Air Start System Multiple Load Paths Pilot Protection Hot Parts Aft Jettisonable Weapons Redundant Control Surfaces Multiple Fuel Tanks Fuel Tank Inerting DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Designed for Maintainability Advanced Cockpit Self Contained Ladder On Board Diagnostics Auxiliary Power Unit OBOGS Integrated Subsystems Benign Footprint OBIGGS Single Point Systems Check DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Air to Air Combat Performance Instantaneous G’s Sustained G’s F-16C F-16C USAF USAF F/A-18C F/A-18C USMC/RN USMC/RN USN USN Transonic Acceleration F-16C USAF F/A-18C ADVANTAG USMC/RN E USN DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Naval F-35C Mission Performance USN Profile: (2) 2K lb JDAM + (2) AIM-120 Opt M/Alt Drop A-G Weapons Cruise Combat @ 35K ft FLOT 400 nm Mission Radius - nm 600 730 w/ Tanks 2x 480 gal JSF 768 927 Tanks 3x 330 gal F/A-18C 329 547 Tanks DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT For Official Use Only USMC F-35B Mission Performance USMC Interdiction B: (2) 1K lb JDAM + (2) AIM-120 Ingress/Egress Opt M/Alt Cruise • 540 KTAS/15,000 ft Drop A-G Weapons FLOT 50 nm Mission Radius - nm 450 550 w/ Tanks 2x 480 gal JSF 473 663 Tanks 2x 330 gal F/A-18C 375 504 Tanks Lot XIX w/ (2)1K JDAM+(2)AIM-120+(5)Pylons + Gun AV-8B 273 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT For Official Use Only How We Won: The X - Planes “Lockheed won by proposing a very innovative lift fan” - Boeing “Lift Fan Puts LockMart over the Top” - Aviation Week “Lift Fan Carries LM to Victory” - Interavia Lift Fan Propulsion System Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Fan Drive Shaft Clutch Lift Fan Roll Control Jets Cruise Engine AV-8 Harrier Adopted by US Marine Corps 1970 The Harrier Approach Isn’t Supersonic F-104 Starfighter AV-8B Harrier 15,000 lbs Thrust 20,000 lbs Thrust Mach 2 M < 1 Design Missions Requirements Analysis Willoughby Templates MISSION SEGMENT NEED VTOL Requirement Sizes the Engine 1.3 VTOL Design Point 1.2 STO VL 1.1 Thrust to CTOL Weight Design Point Ratio 1.0 (TSL / WTO ) Transonic Acceleration .9 Sustained Turn Instantaneous Turn .8 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Wing Loading (WTO / S) Engine Requirements Analysis Short Subsonic Supersonic Vertical Segment Combat Take Off Cruise Acceleration Landing Wing Jet High Low High Low Low High Low Reaction High Low Need Lift Lift T/W SFC T/W IR Drag TSP SFC Control T/W HGI Jet Vector High Mixed Aft Low Thrust High Cold Feature Balance Flap Thrust BPR Flow Nozzle BPR Transfer BPR Jets Variable Bypass Ratio The Basic Problem: Not Enough Thrust, and It’s Too Far Aft Conventional F-16 Thrust, 20K lbs Weight, 30K lbs “V/STOL” F-16 Goal Thrust, 18K lbs Thrust, 18K lbs Weight, 30K lbs Solving the Basic Problem Not Enough Thrust, and It’s Too Far Aft Means to Means to Means to Produce Thrust Transfer Power Extract Power • Fans • Shafts • Turbines • Rockets • Ducts • Scoops • Pulse Jets • Heat Pipes • Regeneration • Ram Jets • Laser Beams • Heat Pipes • Ejectors • Chain Drive • Alternator • Explosions • Fiber Optics • Generator • MHD • Wires • MHD • EFD • Hydraulics • EFD Thrust, 18K lbs Thrust, 18K lbs Weight, 30K lbs Shaft Driven Lift Fan Propulsion Concept JSF119-611 Engine JSF0419013 Shaft Driven Lift Fan Propulsion Concept JSF119-611 Engine JSF0419013 F-35 Propulsion System JSF119-611 Engine JSF0419013 Alternative Types of Turbine Engine Turbofan Engine Provides Cruise Thrust, but no Shaft Power Turboshaft Engine Provides Shaft Power, but no Cruise Thrust Extracting Shaft Power Open Closed . Comparison with LM Lift/Cruise System at 40,000 lbs of thrust 14000 12000 10000 RCS 8000 Inlet Weight Sys tem s (lbs) Nozzle 6000 Lift Fan Engine 4000 2000 0 SDLF DL Engine Design Options Number of Alternative Aircraft Is Too Large Horizontal Stabilizer Assessment Lift Fan Installation JSF STOVL Propulsion System AV-8B Harrier and the F-35 Musketeer Fan Augmentation Hot Gases Aft Continuous Thrust Vectoring Lift Improvement Devices Poor Supersonic Area Distribution Overtemp Reduces Engine Life Water Injection Required Side by Side Jets Permit Hot Gas Ingestion Compressor Air for Reaction Control Jets Fan Augmentation Hot Gases Aft Continuous Thrust Vectoring Lift Improvement Devices Good Supersonic Area Distribution No Reduction of Engine Life No Water Injection Required Tandem Jets Prevent Hot Gas Ingestion Fan Air for Reaction Control Jets Lockheed Martin Common Strike Fighter STOVL CTOL TFX: The Challenge of Joint Aircraft USN F-14 (F-111N) USAF F-111 Technology Assessment Contracts 1993 Demonstrate propulsion and airframe performance through ground test McDonnell Douglas Gas Driven Lift Fan $35M Lockheed Skunk Works Shaft Driven Lift Fan $40M McDonnell Douglas Gas Driven Lift Fan Concept 1993 Boeing Lift / Cruise Engine Concept 1994 Engine Nozzle Lockheed Martin Large Scale Powered Model 1995 Lockheed Martin Large Scale Powered Model NASA Testing Boeing Large Scale Powered Model 1996 JSF Concept Demonstrator Awards 1996 Boeing X-32 Lift / Cruise Engine • Mature Technologies to Reduce Risk • Build Aircraft to Validate Performance • Refine the Design, as Necessary Lockheed Martin X-35 Shaft Driven Lift Fan Lockheed Martin Demonstrator Approach • Build Two Aircraft, but Fly All Three Variants • Fly the Production Configurations • Demonstrate STOVL Performance and Supersonic Speed • Prove Handling Qualities and Carrier Suitability JSF01070 X-35 Commonality X-35 Number 1 CTOL X-35A STOVL X-35B X-35 Number 2 Carrier X-35C Validation by High Fidelity Demonstrators Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company CTOL USAF Variant • 27 Flights totaling 27.4 Hours over 30 Days • LM, BAE SYSTEMS, MOD, and DOD Pilots Flew the X-35A • “People were stunned” Gen Mike Hough, USMC Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company JSF0419027 Conversion to STOVL Variant JSF0419030 STOVL USMC / Royal Navy Variant • Only Aircraft To Fly Supersonically, Hover, and Land Vertically in the Same Flight – Major Art Tomassetti, USMC, 20 July 2001 • 38 Flights in 21.5 Hours Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company JSF0419031 Lift Jet Characteristics 9% 43% 48% 40,000 lbs of Vertical Lift from Just 4 Nozzles Infrared Lift Jet Visualization Naval Variant Over Annapolis First X-plane to fly across the US • 2 Flights • 5.9 Flight Hours Edwards Air Force Base Pax River Naval Air Station • 38 Flights in 33.2 Hours • 33 Flights in 18.9 hours • Use of a Side Stick Demonstrated • Carrier Landings Simulated • Carrier Approaches Flown • Envelope Expanded to M = 1.2 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. JSF STOVL Variants 32,000 lbs of Thrust 40,000 lbs of Thrust What You See, Is What You Get! 2001 Collier Trophy Awarded for " the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, demonstrated during the preceding year “ to the F-35 Lift Fan Propulsion System Joint Strike Fighter - Economies of Scale USAF 1765 USN 480 USMC 610 F-16 Falcon UK 150 A-10 Warthog FMS 3000 Total of 6000 aircraft Total of $200B F-18 Hornet AV-8 Harrier International Coalition Investing in JSF The Netherlands Norway Canada U.K. Denmark United States Turkey Italy Australia This is a Team Success.
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    F-35B STO Short Take Off & SkiJumponCVF Information pp172 30 Nov 2017 CVF: http://navy-matters.beedall.com/cvf1-02.htm Hull Dimensions (length x beam): STOVL CVF 284 metres (931 feet) length overall; 73 metres (239 feet) max width at flightdeck; Preparing for take-off: UK ramps 263.5 metres (865 feet) pp; up F-35 carrier integration effort 39 metres beam (water line) (128 feet) “...In the final analysis, the decision has been taken Draft: 11 metres (36 feet) JBD to delete the JBD from the STOVL CVF design. Cdr http://navy-matters.beedall. Scrubbed/ Lison explains: "We determined from the CFD mod- DELETED elling that the legacy JBD did not offer adequate com/cvf1-01.htm protection. Alternative designs were considered which offered some benefit, but two considerations persuaded us to delete the requirement. "First, the nozzle scheduling of the F-35B on take-off has yet to be fully established, and there was a risk that the jet blast would simply 'bounce' over the JBD. Second, the JBD was in a single fixed position on the flight deck, so there was no flexibil- ity with regard to the length of the take-off run."...” 11-Dec-2008 International Defence Review http://militarynuts.com/index.php?showtopic=1507&st=120 “...BF-1 accomplished the first F-35 five Creeping Vertical Landings (CVLs) on August 23....” F-35 Lightning II Program Status and Fast Facts September 5, 2012 http://f-35.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/F-35-Fast-Facts-September-5-2012.pdf http://navy-matters.beedall.com/cvfimages/cvf-model-oct04-1.jpg https://www.hpc.mil/images/hpcdocs/newsroom/ugc_2011_proceedings_small.pdf