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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8717609 THE EFFECT OF DECOUPLING RATIO ON EXPLOSIVE GENERATED ENERGY RELEASE Britton, Robert R. Ohio State University, Ph.D. 1987 © 1987 by Britton, Robert R. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified herewith a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages J 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print _______ 3. Photographs with dark background >/ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy i/ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page ______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages J 8. Print exceeds margi n req u irements ______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine _______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page{s)___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other ______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International THE EFFECT OF DECOUPLING RATIO ON EXPLOSIVE GENERATED ENERGY RELEASE DISSERTATION Presented in P artial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements fo r the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robert R. Britton, B.A., B.S., M.S. ****** The Ohio State University 1987 Dissertation Committee: Approved by J. S. Gozon D. R. Skidmore D, A. Mendelsohn ©1987 ROBERT R. BITTON All Rights Reserved To George T. and Gladys E. B ritton whose love, patience and understanding have been a constant source of strength and guidance, I dedicate this work. 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to thank Dr. Calvin J. Konya for his support and assistance during this project* to Drs. Duane Skidmore, Jozsef Gozon and Daniel Mendolsohn fo r th e ir interest and suggestions* and to Vishwa Bhushan for his assistance with the testing. Gratitude 1s also extended to the U. S. Bureau of Mines Research facility at Bruceton, Pa. without whose help this study would never have been possible. Thanks is also due Lennart Clausson, Ray Hunter and T. R. Myers for their technical assistance. Special thanks 1s extended to Patricia A. Britton who labored long and hard typing this work. 111 September 16, 1933 Born - Wheeling, West Virginia, U.S.A. 1947 - 1979 ..........................................................Worked in industry and private business 1979 - 1987 ..........................................................Graduate Fellow working toward Masters and Doctoral Degrees 1958 ........................................................................Diploma - Machine Shop Practice - ICS 1972 ........................................................................B.A. - Sociology - Univer­ s ity of South Florida, Tampa 1976 ........................................................................ Teaching Certification - West Liberty State College, W.Va., (Ohio and M.Va.) 1 9 8 1 ........................................................................B.S. - Mining Engineering, The Ohio State University 1983 ........................................................................M.S. - Mining Engineering, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS Britton, R.R., Gozon, J.S., "Some Aspects of Drilling Rig Selection", Proceedings of the Second NMIMT Symposium on Mining Techniques - Mining Equipment Selection, Socorro, New Mexico, (1983). Gozon, J.S., and Britton, R.R., "Drilling Rig Selection for Small Coal Stripping Operations", Publications of the Technical University for Heavy Industry, Miskolc, Hungary, (1984). Britton, R.R., Konya, C.J., and Skidmore, D.R., "Primary Mechanism for Breaking Rock with Explosives", Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Chicago (1984). iv Britton, R.R., Gozon, J.S., and Konya, C.J., "Stackers - The Friendly Giants in Reclamation", Symposium on Surface Mine Equipment and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky (1983). Britton, R.R., and Gozon, J.S., "Grapho-Analytlcal Method of Analyzing Bit Life and Replacement", Mining Science and Tech­ nology, Vol. 1, No. 3, Elsevier, (May, 1984). Britton, R.R., Skidmore, D.R., and Otuonye, F.O., "Simplified Methodology fo r Calculation of Explosion Temperature and Gas Pressure", Mining Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Elsevier, pp. 299-303, (1984). Konya, C.J., Britton, R.R., and Lukovlc, S., "Removing Some of the Mystery from Presplit Blasting", The Journal of Explosives Engineering, The Society of Explosives Engineers, Dublin, Ohio May - June, (1984). Britton, R.R., Gozon, J.S., "The Giants in Rock - Dream or Reality", Proceedings of the 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentologv, and Reclamation, Lexington, Kentucky. Britton, R.R.. Gozon. J.S., and Myers, T.R., "Computer-Aided Pump Selection for Mine Dewatering", Proceedings of the Second Con­ ference on the Use of Computers 1n the Coal Industry, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, A pril 15 - 17 (1985). Konya, C.J., Britton, R.R., and Gozon, J.S., "Explosive Selection - A New Approach", Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, San Diego, California, January 27 (1985). Britton, R.R., and Gozon, J.S., "Explosive Gas Pressure and Work", International Journal of Mining Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 351-354, (1984). Gozon, J .S ., B ritto n , R .R ., and Fodo, J ., "Predetermining Average Fragment Size, A Case Study", International Symposium on the Application of Rock Characterization Techniques In Mine Design, AIME Meeting, New Orleans, March 2-6, 1986. Britton, R.R., and Gozon, J.S., "Borehole Pressure Correction Equation", International Journal of Mining Engineering, Issue 4.1, March, 1986. Konya, C .J ., B ritto n , R .R ., and Lukovic, S ., "Charge Decoupling and Its Effect on Energy Release and Transmission fo r One Dynamite and One Water Gel Explosive", Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference of Explosives and Blasting Technique, Miami, Florida, Society of Explosive Engineers, (1987). v FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Mining Engineering Studies in Explosives Engineering with Dr. Calvin J. Konya, and Underground Coal Mining with Dr. Jozsef S. Gozon. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................. i i i VITA ...................................................................................................................... 1v LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................. xi CHAPTER PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................................... 4 2.1 Detonation ........................ 4 2.2 Stress Wave ........................................................................................ 9 2.3 Coupling and Decoupling ............................................................... 13 2.4 Other Decoupling Studies ........................................................... 19 2.5 Detonation Velocity ........................................................................ 31 2.6 Underwater Testing ........................................................................ 32 2.7 Statistical Model............................................................................ 35 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE............................................................................ 38 3.1 Test Site ............................................................................................. 38 3.2 Charge P re p a ra tio n ............................................................... 38 3.3 Instrumentation ................................................................................ 40 3.4 Test Results.................................................................................... 43 3 .4.1 Scaled Time Constant....................................................... 45 3.4.2 Scaled
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