An Extensible and Customizable Framework for the Management and Orchestration of Emerging Software-Based Networks

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An Extensible and Customizable Framework for the Management and Orchestration of Emerging Software-Based Networks TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN An Extensible and Customizable Framework for the Management and Orchestration of Emerging Software-based Networks vogelegt von Master of Science Giuseppe Antonio Carella geb. in Brindisi, Italien von der Fakultät IV - Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften - Dr.-Ing. - Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender : Prof. Dr. Rafael Schaefer Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Thomas Magedanz Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Paolo Bellavista Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Odej Kao Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 02.02.2018 Berlin, 2018 Abstract The 5th Generation Mobile Telecommunications (5G) is supposed to drastically change network operators’ infrastructures. The evolution of telecommunication networks has always been influenced by the parallel evolution within the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) domain. What started with intelligent networks in the 90’s, namely the centraliza- tion of service programs and data in central computers controlling remote switching layers in order to simplify the service creation, deployment and management, led, at the beginning of the millennium, to Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) based distributed Session Description Protocol (SDP) on top of converging networks. Due to the current approach of “everything is fully connected”, a more efficient way to manage network operators’ resources and infrastructures is required in or- der to provide always much greater throughput and much lower latency with high availability and higher connectivity density. The transition towards “everything as a software” is the enabler for this transformation where software-based virtualized network functions can be customized for the particular needs of a particular vertical domain. Therefore, almost ten years later, cloud principles and technologies have again changed the way services are developed and provisioned. The novel concept of “network slicing” allows Telecommunication Service Providers (TSPs) to optimize the usage of their infrastructure resources, providing on demand to end-customers different network segments with different capabilities. This dissertation work will present the extensive research conducted by the au- thor over the last 5 years in which Network Function Virtualization (NFV) con- cepts and standards emerged and drastically transformed the telecommunication networks. The design evolution presented started when requirements for virtualiz- ing network functions were first described by the research and industrial communi- ties. Based on the author’s past experiences gained in realizing cloud-based Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs), the thesis will elaborate the design and development of an extensible NFV Management and Orchestration (MANO) framework suitable for managing and orchestrating any kind of software-based networks. This work was developed in parallel to the international Software-Defined Net- working (SDN) and European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) NFV standardization activities, and the implemented open source Open Baton project is the result of an agile design and development process, initiated and managed by the author. Today Open Baton represents one out of four globally recognized ETSI NFV MANO frameworks, enabling early 5G prototyping and standardization. The author, a senior scientist at the Technical University of Berlin, conducted this work in the context of several European research projects, including the su- pervision of several bachelor and master theses and integrated into various industry SDN/NFV testbeds in ongoing research projects as well as several industry solutions. Zusammenfassung 5G wird einen enormen Einfluss auf die Infrastrukturen der Netzbetreiber haben. Die Entwicklung von Telekommunikationsnetzwerken wurde seit jeher von der Entwicklung im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IKT) be- einflusst. Um die Erstellung, Bereitstellung und Verwaltung von Diensten zu ver- einfachen, wurden in den 90er Jahren intelligente Netzwerke erforscht, in denen Dienstprogramme und Daten in zentralen Computern zusammengefasst sind, die entfernte Vermittlungsebenen steuern. Das führte zu Beginn des Jahrtausends zur Entwicklung eines Ansatzes für verteilte und konvergierende Netzwerke, basierend auf serviceorientierten Architekturen (SOA) und Dienstplattformen (SDP). Da mit dem Ziel „alles vollständig zu vernetzen” höhere Datendurchsätze, niedri- gere Latenzzeiten, hohe Verfügbarkeiten und höhere Konnektivitätsdichten benötigt werden, wird ein deutlich effizienterer Weg zur Verwaltung der Ressourcen und Infra- strukturen der Netzbetreiber erforderlich. Der Übergang zu „alles als Software” (engl. “Softwarization”) ist Treiber dieser Transformation, wodurch softwarebasierte, vir- tualisierte Netzwerkfunktionen (NFV) für die speziellen Bedürfnisse eines bestimm- ten, vertikalen Anwendungsfalles zugeschnitten werden können. Cloud-Prinzipien und -Technologien haben daher, fast zehn Jahre später, erneut die Art und Weise, wie Dienste entwickelt und bereitgestellt werden, weiter verändert. Das aufgekomme- ne Konzept “Network Slicing“ ermöglicht Telekommunikationsdienstanbietern (TSP) die Nutzung ihrer Infrastrukturressourcen zu optimieren und den Nutzern auf An- frage verschiedene Netzwerksegmente mit zugeschnittenen Eigenschaften bereitzu- stellen. Diese Dissertationsarbeit spiegelt die umfangreiche Forschung des Autors wäh- rend der vergangenen 5 Jahre wider, in der NFV-Konzepte und -Standards entstan- den und Telekommunikationsnetze maßgeblich beeinflusst wurden. Die Designevolu- tion, die im Zuge dieser Arbeit vorgestellt wird, begann als die Anforderungen für die Virtualisierung von Netzwerkfunktionen von der Forschungs- und Industriegemein- schaft beschrieben wurden. Basierend auf den bisherigen Erfahrungen des Autors bei der Realisierung von Cloud-basierten Dienstplattformen (SDP), wird sich diese Arbeit auf den Entwurf und die Entwicklung eines erweiterbaren NFV Manage- ment and Orchestration (MANO) Frameworks zur Verwaltung und Orchestrierung jeglicher Art von softwarebasierten Netzwerken fokussieren. Der Autor, ein leitender Wissenschaftler an der Technischen Universität Berlin, führte diese Arbeit im Rahmen mehrerer Industrie- und europäischer Forschungs- projekte durch und betreute während dieser Zeit eine Vielzahl von Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten. Die entwickelten Konzepte wurden umgesetzt und haben zu ver- schiedenen Open-Source-Projekten beigetragen. Dazu gehört auch Open Baton, das als Softwareplattform für die prototypische Entwicklung von Netzwerk und Diensten im 5G dient. Darüber hinaus wurden die Konzepte in laufenden Forschungsprojekten im industriellen Bereich angewandt und in diverse Testbeds integriert. Acknowledgments Stay hungry, stay foolish. Steve Jobs During the years, self-motivation has been the main driver for reaching this objec- tive. However, each one of us, alone, is worth nothing. I would like to thank all the people who believed in me, and who supported me. First of all, I would like to thank Professor Magedanz for pushing me forward with his big vision and believing in me during all these years, and also Prof. Dr. Paolo Bellavista and Prof. Dr. Odej Kao for their support and valuable suggestions. A special thank goes to my team, without whom it would not have been pos- sible to reach such objective. We have started from scratch, and we have reached the impossible. I’m really proud of you (my friends!) and please remember, im- possible is nothing! In alphabetical order: Nico Bove, Thomas Briedigkeit, Olek Gozman, Ahmed Medhat, Marcello Monachesi, Flavio Murgia, Philipp Kuhnz, Ra- doslav Vlaskovski, and many others who have left or joined the team later, as well as other colleagues at TU Berlin and Fraunhofer FOKUS who supported me anytime (the list is too long for being expanded here!). Thanks also to Florian Ermisch for his incredible skills in administrating our infrastructure. Thanks to Birgit Francis and Oana Vingarzan for their support. Very very special thank to Lars Grebe, Lorenzo Tomasini, and Michael Pauls for their superior continuous support. Special gratitude goes also to Niklas Blum and Florian Schreiner for their initial supervision and for being always present during these years, as well as to Dragos Vingarzan, my mentor, always supporting my crazy ideas. Many thanks also to my friends at CND: Alberto Diez, Jakub Kocur, Alexandru Russu, Valentin Vlad, and all the others. I would like to thank also people I’ve met during this journey and who helped me enhancing my professional skills: Thomas Micheal Bohnert, Gino Carrozzo, Paolo Crosta, Andy Edmonds, Luca Foschini, Luis Lopez, Roberto Minerva, Fatih Nar, Prakash Ramchandran, Junnosuke Yamada, and many others. Thanks to my in-law relatives for supporting me during these years and my best friend Ilaria for being always present in my life. Very special thank to my sister and my parents for giving me the possibility to become what I’m. Finally, the most important thank goes to my wife Laura and my daughter Lena. I could not make it without their infinite patience and love. Giuseppe Carella Contents Abstractv Zusammenfassung vii Acknowledgements ix Table of Contents xi List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii 1 Introduction1 1.1 Context and Motivation.........................1 1.2 Problem statement, and Major Keyword Definition..........6 1.3 Key Questions Addressed by the Dissertation.............9 1.4 Scope of the Thesis and Major Contributions.............9
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