Northern Chocó Cloud Forest 7th to 13th April 2017 (7 days) Eastern : Páramo and Cloud Forest 13th to 19th April 2017 (7 days) Trip Report

Grass-green by Vincent Douwes

Trip report compiled by Tour Leader, Dušan Brinkhuizen

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Tour Summary 8 April - Yanacocha to Reserva Las Gralarias (via Calacali): Our Chocó Cloud forest adventure started at Yanacocha, a nature reserve owned by the Jocotoco Foundation on the north-western flank of the Pichincha Volcano. It was cloudy and it rained, but the unpleasant weather did not stop us. One of the first that we got our bins on was a spectacular Sword-billed – what an awesome kick-off to the tour! A newly placed banana feeder near the restaurant kept us busy for a while, with stunners like Yellow-breasted Brush Finch, Black- chested and Scarlet-bellied Mountain coming in to feed at close range! Glossy , Cinereous Conebill and Plain-colored Seedeater were around as well. A Tawny Antpitta popped out in the open briefly. Brown-bellied Swallows were building their nest under the roof of the restaurant.

At the start of the Inca trail, we ran into a pair of Andean Guans. An Ocellated Tapaculo was calling from uphill and while scanning the vegetation, a juvenile Rufous Antpitta was spotted. Everybody got on the juvenile quickly, and some even managed to get a photo of its rarely seen . We worked Sword-billed Hummingbird by on the Ocellated Tapaculo for a while because it was high on Donna Hamer our list of most-wanted (very understandable). To our surprise, it came closer to the trail and suddenly the stonker popped out in the open and everybody got on it! The action wasn’t over yet, as a little further down the trail the rare Rainbow-bearded Thornbill showed up. On the way to the far feeders, we heard several antpitta species, including Undulated and Chestnut-naped. A few small mixed-flocks produced Golden-crowned Tanager, Hooded Mountain Tanager, Blue-backed Conebill, Grass-green Tanager, Rufous Wren and Spectacled Whitestart, among others.

Both Golden-breasted and Sapphire-vented Puffleg were picked up at the feeders and on our way back, in the fog, we got a Red-crested Cotinga. Back at the restaurant, we warmed up with a traditional quinoa soup before we continued to the dry valley of Calacali (the Nono-Mindo road was closed due to landslides). It never rains at Calacali so we walked into the beautiful plains, where we picked up specialities such as Band-tailed and Ash-breasted Sierra-finch, Band-tailed Seedeater, Common Ground Dove and Black-tailed Trainbearer. As we got close to a singing Streak-backed Canastero, we were surprised by an instant cloud-burst. Our van was parked fairly close-by, but it was far away enough for us to get completely soaked! It never stopped raining, but we did pick up Golden-headed Quetzal near Reserva Las Gralarias just before it got dark.

9 April - Reserva Las Gralarias & Bellavista: It rained lightly in the morning, but the hummingbird and banana feeders at the lodge kept us busy and excited. No less than 14 species of hummers were observed at the feeders, including cracking Chocó endemics such as Velvet-purple Coronet, Violet-tailed Sylph, Brown Inca, Empress Brilliant, Rufous Antpitta by Jim Hamer

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Purple-bibbed Whitetip, Gorgeted Sunangel and White-booted Racket-tail! Activity at the bananas was good, with Chestnut-capped Brush Finch, Blue-winged Mountain Tanager, Dusky Bush Tanager, Golden-naped and Golden Tanager, Orange-bellied Euphonia and a Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush coming in.

The hoped for Barbets never showed up, but an adult Tyra stole the show. This huge weasel-like mammal was behaving like a pet and wasn’t shy at all! It grabbed all the bananas and returned a couple of times for more, as it was presumably feeding young. The track behind the lodge produced great views of Maroon-tailed Parakeets, Red-billed Parrots and a pair of Strong- billed Woodcreeper. When Michael and Christine joined us (their flights had been delayed significantly), we hit the jackpot: a pair of Plate- billed Mountain showed up and posed for a prolonged time in the scope. At Bellavista, the rain picked up again but an obliging Yellow- Flame-faced Tanager by Donna Hamer bellied Chat-Tyrant did not seem to be bothered much by the wet conditions.

After a delicious lunch, we returned to the Bellavista area, where we ran into a magnificent mixed- species flock with Streaked Tuftedcheek, Rusty-winged Barbtail, Pearled Treerunner, Grass-green, Flame-faced and Beryl-spangled Tanager, Blue-winged Mountain Tanager, Barred Becard, a few Blackburnian Warblers, both Spectacled and Slate-throated Whitestart, Brown-capped Vireo, White-tailed Tyrannulet, Capped Conebill, Russet-crowned and Three-striped Warbler and Montane Woodcreeper, to mention a few! We taped in a Spillman’s Tapaculo successfully, but couldn’t find the rare Tanager Finch. A late afternoon stop at a bamboo patch was superb, with duetting Plain-tailed Wrens in full view! Here we also picked up Streak-headed Antbird, Striped Treehunter and Sickle-winged Guan. A great ending of a bird-packed day!

10 April - Refugio Paz de las Aves & Oilbirds: At dawn, we met our local guide and famed birder, Angel Paz. Some were lucky to spot a flying Rufous-bellied Nighthawk on its way to day roost. We could hear the Andean Cock-of-the-Rocks from the road, which was a promising start. Once we got down to the lek site, it was an ongoing cock-of-the-rock fiesta! This time of the year (start of the rainy season) is probably the best time for this species, and we saw many males displaying. For over an hour, we enjoyed the spectacle with many males doing their noisy dances at close range. In the meanwhile, Angel put extra effort to search for the Giant Antpitta which had been tricky over the last few weeks. Other species that we picked up at the hide included Flame-faced Tanager, White-winged Tanager and our only White-winged Brush Finch for the trip.

At the lower feeders, we waited for the wood-quails but they never showed up. A male White-throated Wedgebill was a nice consolation. Later in the morning, Angel and Andean Cock-of-the-rock by Vincent Douwes

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 4 his brother, Rodrigo, showed us no less than four species of antpitta: Yellow-breasted, Moustached, Ochre-breasted and Chestnut-crowned all came in to feed on the earthworms put out by the Paz brothers – amazing! Giant Antpitta was off the radar for the moment, which was very unfortunate. A superb bonus was a female Powerful that showed well.

After a nice, local brunch (bolones de verde and empanadas), we started our journey to the Guayllabamba river valley. En route we stopped for low-flying Swallow-tailed Kites that put up a show. We bagged many new species near the river, including Scarlet-backed Woodpecker, Pacific Antwren, Grey-capped Flycatcher, Masked Tityra, Blue-necked Tanager, Bran-colored Flycatcher and Ecuadorian Thrush. At the well-known ravine, we Oilbird by Vincent Douwes counted at least six adult Oilbirds. This site is one of the best places in the world to see this bizarre nocturnal creature because a flashlight is not needed. A few other species that we saw nearby included a splendid Rufous-tailed , Pale- mandibled Aracari, Yellow-tufted Dacnis, Purple Honeycreeper and Cinnamon Becard.

11 April - Mashpi Road & Amagusa reserve: Today we started at the amazing banana feeders of the Amagusa Reserve. A large variety of species came in, including cracking Chocó endemics such as Black-chinned Mountain Tanager, and Rufous-throated, Glistening-green and Moss-backed Tanager! Other regular guests were Flame-faced, Golden-naped, Golden and Lemon-rumped Tanager. Buff-throated and the more skittish Black-winged Saltator paid a visit and even a stunning White-throated Quail-Dove popped up – what a feast! At some point, Crimson-rumped Toucanets were eating away bananas at touching distance; while a splendid showed interest but unfortunately never came down all the way.

Along the entry road, we bagged a few true Chocó crackers, including a superb male Orange- breasted Fruiteater and an adult Indigo Flowerpiercer. However, the ultimate prize of the morning was a cracking Black Solitaire, which we watched at close range for a prolonged time! Bronze-olive Pygmy- tyrant, Chocó Warbler and Black-billed Peppershrike were picked up along the way, as well as a flock with Gray-and-gold Tanager, Spotted Woodcreeper, Red- headed Barbet and Emerald Tanager lower down.

We went a few metres off-trail after hearing Esmeraldas Antbird, and it paid off: we got excellent views of a singing male of this tricky Chocó endemic! A Brown- billed Scythebill first played hide-and-seek but eventually showed well. Barred perched up in the canopy was another highlight for the afternoon. On our way back, Laughing Falcon and Chestnut- mandibled Toucan showed well; and as if that wasn’t enough, an eye-level Rose-faced Parrot was scoped along the road – Chocó endemism at its best! Rufous-throated Tanager by Michael Sabyan

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12 April - Rio Silanche: Our first stops along the entry road to the reserve produced a good number of new birds, including Guayaquil Woodpecker, Olivaceous Piculet, Streak-headed Woodcreeper, Pacific Parrotlet, Blue-headed Parrot, Black-throated Mango, Violet-bellied Hummingbird and a couple of stunning Hook-billed Kites! Over the years, the habitat in the area has been severely deforested and, sadly, the Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary is now a small island of tall humid forest, a final refuge for many forest species in the area.

We started at the canopy tower in the hope for some canopy action, but bird activity was rather slow. A splendid Cinnamon Woodpecker came in to its call and a couple of Pale- mandibled Aracaris moved through the canopy at eye-level. A tree trunk next to the tower was clearly owned by a pair of obliging Black-cheeked . Apart from Masked Tityra and fly-over Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift, not much was happening in the canopy. Suddenly, we heard a call from Donna downstairs. She had located the male Red-capped Manakin and had just witnessed the moonwalk display! Eventually, we all got to see this superb male displaying, a rare sighting at the reserve. Whip-cracking White-bearded Black Solitaire by Dušan Manakins were enjoyed in the same stretch of trail. Brinkhuizen

At the parking, we finally ran into some canopy activity, with goodies like Guira Tanager, Red- headed Barbet, Yellow-margined Flatbill, Lesser Greenlet, and Grey-and-gold, Golden-hooded and White-shouldered Tanager. Both Blue-chested and Purple-chested were watched at the flowers. We heard a Chocó Trogon calling nearby and quickly went after this major target. A pair of this regional endemic was located shortly after, and especially the female showed itself well. A Boat-billed Flycatcher was making noise in the canopy and Jurgen discovered it was actually mobbing an adult Grey-lined Hawk perched in the same tree!

Forest birding was not easy, but we did pull out both Black-striped and Northern Barred Woodcreeper from a flock. The near-endemic Orange-fronted Barbet was singing from the canopy, but we couldn’t get it in view. Rufous-fronted Wood Quails were calling loudly from the understorey, but were clearly moving away from us. After a field lunch, we went back to the tower to try for a pair of Scarlet-breasted Dacnis that was reported by others about half an hour before. We knew there were ripe berries present, but we only got Green and Purple Honeycreeper and a pair of Yellow-tufted Dacnis after a long wait. Activity was slow again, but at some point we heard a Scarlet-breasted Dacnis calling in the distance. We left the tower quickly and located the calling bird in the canopy. It was a female but it counts!

A Double-toothed Kite, perched at close range in the parking lot, was a real treat. Just as we decided to call it a day, some activity along the road caught our attention. A quick check paid off big time, as we found out a substantial flock was present. Various tanagers were taking a bath in a large bromeliad, including a fantastic male Scarlet-browed Double-toothed Kite by Andre Weiss

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Tanager! A Purple-crowned Fairy was a nice side-catch, as well as a pair of White-tailed Trogons. It was André that spotted a pair of Orange-fronted Barbets in the canopy – icing on the cake! During our drive back, we stopped at a promising looking marshy area and trawled for White- throated Crake with tape. To our surprise, the crake came out in the open almost instantly! Further down the road, the fancy Masked Water-tyrant and White-thighed Swallow were added to a long list of new birds for the day.

13 April - Septimo Paraiso, Milpe & Quito airport pond: The early morning started off with a bang at Septimo Paraiso: a calling Wattled Guan was tracked down and scoped, a mega bird! At Milpe, we Crimson-rumped Toucanet by Michael Sabyan went straight down the manakin trail and soon got our bins on a fantastic male Club-winged Manakin doing its unique wing-display! It was again Donna that got us on the bird, so she officially got nicknamed the “manakin whisperer”. The forest trail was rather quiet, but suddenly Vincent spotted an adult Plumbeous Hawk perched above our heads, a real bonus!

At nearby Milpe Garden, we got a few mixed-flocks with Russet Antshrike, Tawny-breasted Myiobius, Wedge-billed Woodcreeper, Chocó Warbler and Slaty Antwren, among others, but general bird activity was fairly slow. A male Zeledon’s Antbird was seen after some hide-and-seek. A Spotted Nightingale-Thrush was seen crossing the trail; while a loud singing Pale-vented Thrush remained hidden in the canopy of an enormous tree. Back at Septimo, we had a delicious lunch and after some packing, we hit the road. At the parking a Christmas tree full of tanagers was scoped, with Black-capped Tanager being a new addition to the list.

On our way out, we heard a Scaled Fruiteater calling in the distance. After playback, the bird came in closer and fairly soon we got this fantastic fruiteater in view. Our search for the recently split Coopmans Elaenia in Mindo town was unsuccessful, and in the rain we did not find much except for Dull-colored Grassquits seeking shelter in a bush. In front of the gas station at Calacali, we bagged a few new species including a male Hooded Siskin, a male Blue-and-yellow-Tanager and Sparkling Violetear.

At Quito airport pond, we added a number of water birds, including Yellow-billed Pintail, Andean Coot, Pied-billed Grebe and Spotted Sandpipers (some in breeding plumage). A singing male Golden Grosbeak atop a nearby bush was really neat. A stunning male Vermillion Flycatcher perched on the fence was a welcome addition too. An immature Peregrine Falcon, of the resident race cassini, hunting above the pond was a great ending to our Chocó Cloud forest tour. At the international airport, we said farewell to part of the group while others continued on with the next trip. Dinner and beer at Cosa Nostra Pizzeria in Quito were a great kick-off to the Eastern Andes tour. Andean Condor by Andre Weiss

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14 April - Antisana & Papallacta Pass: We started the Eastern Andes tour at one of the most famous snow-capped strato-volcanoes of Ecuador: Antisana. Our first stop at treeline scrub helped us acclimatise to the high altitude, and produced goodies such as Blue-and-yellow Tanager, Crimson-mantled Woodpecker and Shining Sunbeam. Our second stop at Tambo Condor was truly epic. A perched Giant Hummingbird was spotted as soon as we got out of the vehicle, followed by an Andean Condor in flight a few minutes later. On top of this, two adult Spectacled Bears were scoped in the páramo grassland on the opposite side of the valley – this all happened within a 10-minute timeframe! The was an especially rare sighting, and it took a little while before we recovered from all the Stout-billed Cinclodes by Vincent Douwes excitement.

Higher up, at a deserted house, we enjoyed multiple Stout-billed Cinclodes, Plumbeous Sierra-finch and a two Variable Hawks. An adult Andean Condor flew by at close range with perfect light – a truly spectacular sight! Up at the altiplano, we got close encounters with Carunculated Caracaras foraging in the grasslands next to the vehicle. We scanned the grasslands for the Andean Ibis but it took a little while before we found them. Eventually, we counted no less than 19 individuals of this rare and local species in Ecuador. Paramo Ground Tyrant showed well and we also scoped a singing Paramo Pipit in the distance.

At La Mica Lake we connected with various waterfowl, including target birds such as Andean Ruddy Duck and Silvery Grebe. A cooperative Many-striped Canastero showed nicely while singing its heart out from atop a bush. Very unusual was the fact that we only encountered a single Andean Lapwing, a species normally easily seen at Antisana. Just before lunch, we successfully targeted the Ecuadorian Hillstar at a hillside with many Chuquiragua flowers. A pair of Brown- backed Chat-Tyrants was a nice addition here, too. A short stop for Ecuadorian Rail en route to Papallacta was successful, and some even got to see it jump out of the tall grasses.

On our way to Guango, we decided to try for the enigmatic Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe at the high elevation antennas of Papallacta Pass. The weather wasn’t the best but we decided to give it a try. At the very top it was cold, terribly windy and raining, but we nevertheless split up for a tactical search. It was Peter that found a single seedsnipe after about 20 minutes, but unfortunately, the bird had flown off before any of the others could see it. We continued our search for quite a while but had to stop as it was getting dark soon.

15 April - Papallacta Pass, Guango & Papallacta Lake: As Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe was high on our list of desiderata, we decided to give it a second try up at the antennas. Again the weather was pretty horrendous and we failed in finding it. Vincent got lucky to flush a Jameson's (Andean) Snipe Torrent Duck by Vincent Douwes

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 8 during our intense search for the seedsnipe. Back at Guango, the weather had improved, and at the river, Jonathan spotted a stunning male Torrent Duck perched on a nearby rock! Views of this spectacular sought-after species were as good as it gets, and it was a great compensation for our earlier seedsnipe dip. Along the trail system, we searched for mixed-species flocks with success. Species that we got included Slaty Brushfinch, Grey-hooded Bush Tanager, Rufous-breasted Flycatcher, Pearled Treerunner, Blue-and-black Tanager, Black-capped Hemispingus, Cinnamon Flycatcher, Capped Conebill and Montane Woodcreeper, among others.

Stunning Turquoise Jays were watched at close range, as well as a spectacular Strong-billed Woodcreeper. A great surprise was a male Plain- breasted Hawk that nearly landed on my head! Our search for White-capped Dipper along the river was unsuccessful, but we did get a nice Black-chested Mountain Tanager by Andre Weiss female Torrent Duck this time. Up at Papallacta Lake, we ran into some good activity with a showy pair of Pale-naped Brush Finches, the stunning Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager, Viridian Metaltail, the scarce Black-chested Mountain Tanager and the rare Agile Tit-Tyrant. The distinct trilling song of the Paramo Tapaculo was heard nicely. A late afternoon visit to the river produced more high-quality views of a male Torrent Duck in action.

16 April - Papallacta Hotsprings, Papallacta Pass, Baeza & Cabañas San Isidro: In the morning, we went up the well-known Termas (hotsprings) Road to search for high-elevation specialities. To my great surprise, a Crescent-faced Antpitta sang in response to tape, a super rare species I haven’t heard along this road in years! We tried hard for this mega bird with a Bluetooth speaker setup and a lot of patient waiting, but we just couldn’t get it in view. The bird came in fairly close but it seemed that it never came all the way. A Rufous Antpitta did show up swiftly at the same spot.

Other species that we saw in the vicinity included a pair of obliging White-browed Spinetails, Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager and (again!) Black-chested Mountain Tanager. We were unable to locate the hoped for Masked Mountain Tanager flock, but we did get good views of a responsive Crowned Chat-tyrant. The weather higher up improved significantly so we decided to give it a final try for the seedsnipe. Our quest was again fruitless, even though the weather up at the antennas was the best we had had so far. John got nice views of Tawny Antpitta during the search and lower down at the shrine we got our bins on a Blue-mantled Thornbill.

After lunch, we travelled down to the subtropics of the east slope where we carefully checked streams en route to target the dipper. At the Baeza checkpoint bridge, we finally found the White-capped Dipper. The party wasn’t over yet as a huge raptor was spotted by Vincent up in a nearby tree. Black-and-chestnut Eagle by Dušan Brinkhuizen

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Unbelievably, it turned out to be an incredible adult Black-and-chestnut Eagle with a live chicken in its talons! The following minutes were amazing and hectic at the same time as we watched the "Harpy of the Andes” at close range right from the highway! Eventually, an angry farmer chased it away and collected the dead chicken. A very troublesome sighting, as domestic free-range chicken is easy prey for the Black-and-chestnut Eagle and also the principal reason for them getting killed. Luckily, our eagle got away without injury this time. However, there is always the risk that the farmer will take different measures if the eagle were to return. It is a sad and very complicated conservation issue, making it one of the rarest eagles in the world with only a handful of pairs known to occur in Ecuador.

We arrived at Cabañas San Isidro in the afternoon with a nice mixed-species flock moving by at the parking lot. Species that we saw here included Canada and Blackburnian Warblers, Cinnamon Flycatcher, Montane Woodcreeper, Black-capped Tanager and unexpectedly a pair of Lemon-browed Flycatchers (a species normally found at lower elevations in the foothills). A late afternoon try for the rare Peruvian Antpitta was unsuccessful but yielded several forest birds, including a male Golden-headed Quetzal. The “San Isidro” Black-banded Owl was beautifully observed a few minutes before dinner.

17 April - Cabañas San Isidro & Guacamayos Ridge: In the Black-banded Owl by Dušan morning, we birded the grounds of Cabañas San Isidro. The Brinkhuizen garden lights attract at night and in the morning many species can be observed foraging near the lamp posts. Species that we easily encountered included the stunning Inca Jay, Subtropical Cacique, Black-billed Peppershrike, Montane and Olive-backed Woodcreeper, Common Bush Tanager, Mountain Wren, Canada and Blackburnian Warbler and Russet-backed Oropendola, among others. We met Guido at 7:30am to try for the White-bellied Antpitta, one of San Isidro’s specialities. A pair of this secretive species had been visiting a worm feeder for several years now, so we had good hopes for seeing it. It took only a few minutes before an adult popped out of the forest to pick up a worm. It came back several times, providing us with cracking views of this shy forest-dweller. Other species that we picked up in the vicinity of the lodge included the superb Beryl-spangled and Saffron-crowned Tanager, Bluish Flowerpiercer, Black-crested Warbler, Crimson-mantled Woodpecker, Azara’s Spinetail and Tyrannine Woodcreeper. The woodcreeper froze for several minutes, giving us excellent scope views of this scarce species.

We also did well on flycatchers, with great views of Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet, Handsome and Pale- edged Flycatcher, Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher and Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant. The hummingbird feeders attracted plenty superb hummers, including Long-tailed Sylph, Chestnut-breasted Coronet, Collared and Bronzy Inca, Fawn-breasted Brilliant and Speckled Hummingbird. At the fast-flowing river of Cosanga, we enjoyed a pair of Torrent Duck, the tiny Torrent Tyrannulet and a Spotted Inca Jay by Vincent Douwes

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Sandpiper. Our afternoon visit to the Guacamayos trail was a bit slow, but it had been raining a lot as well. The rare Barred Antthrush called back only once in response to tape. Some of the species we got to see well here included Hooded Mountain Tanager, Rufous-headed Pygmy Tyrant and Andean Guan. Seeing both Long-tailed Tapaculo and Spillmann's Tapaculo was a good score. A Slaty-crowned Antpitta came in nicely just before dusk and was seen really well by most of us. A fantastic Rufous-bellied Nighthawk circled us at the shrine and gave away spectacular close-up flight views.

18 April - Guacamayos Ridge, Cocodrillos, Archidona, Loreto road and Narupa Reserve: Today was a mega day. Since the Amazon block of the tour did not run this year, we decided to adjust the itinerary and bird the lower elevations along the east slope all the way down to Archidona. This would potentially yield a significant number of new species and quality birds – which indeed turned out to be the case. It was a mega-diverse day with a wide array of species, ranging from upper subtropical cloud forest (2,300m) down to lower foothill Amazonia (800m). We kicked off at the Guacamayos Ridge, with great flight views of Barred Parakeet, a species that is typically heard more often than seen. Bird activity was fairly slow along the road, but we did get Rufous Spinetail, Andean Guan, Band-tailed Pigeon and a small flock of Scaly- Long-tailed Sylph by Vincent naped Amazons. Douwes A little further down the road, we had a slam-dunk: three Black-billed Mountain Toucans in full view! Very pleased with a new mountain toucan in the bag, we continued to the Cocodrillos sector of Sumaco National Park. At this site, something happened that we had been hoping for the entire tour: a monster mixed-species flock (30+ species!). For over an hour, we had continuous bird activity coming and going, adding many new species to the list in record time. The tanagers that we pulled out included real crackers like Blue-browed, Rufous-crested, Yellow-throated, Orange-eared, Saffron-crowned, Blue-necked, Black-capped and Flame-faced! Other species that came along with the flock included Golden-eyed Flowerpiercer, Black-billed Peppershrike, Bronze-green Euphonia, Brown-capped Vireo, Golden-faced Tyrannulet, Three- striped Warbler, Smoke-colored Pewee, Golden-crowned Flycatcher, Olive-backed Woodcreeper, Streak-necked Flycatcher, Yellow-throated Bush Tanager, Blackburnian Warbler, Slate-throated Whitestart and Canada Warbler, to mention a few!

After this bird frenzy, we continued down to Archidona for some lowland birding. Late morning wasn’t the best time for activity here, but we nevertheless picked up a good number of nice species. A trail into some plantations proved to be productive, with Yellow-tufted Woodpecker, a neat male breeding plumage Blackpoll Warbler, Turquoise and Silver-beaked Tanager, Black-banded Woodcreeper, Black Caracara and the rare (but overlooked) Red-billed Tyrannulet. In the understorey, we got goodies like White-browed Antbird, and Golden-winged and Rusty- fronted Tody-Flycatcher. We had lunch at the soccer field, White-winged Swallow by Andre Weiss

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 11 where we watched White-winged and White-banded Swallow, Grey-breasted Martins and a couple of Violaceous Jays. A large flock of low-flying Spot-fronted Swifts was a real treat but did indicate rain was on its way. Nestor spotted a nice Fasciated Tiger Heron at the bridge just outside of town.

In the afternoon, we travelled to the Loreto Road for some more foothill birding. We added a good number of new ones, including Cliff Flycatcher, Blackish Nightjar, Lafresnaye's Piculet, the amazing Paradise Tanager, Lined Antshrike, Rufous-tailed Tyrant, White-winged Becard, Black-capped Donacobius and Spotted Tanager, among others. Western Striolated Puffbird remained heard-only. A late afternoon visit to the porterweed flowers and nearby feeders of the Narupa Reserve yielded an astonishing number of new hummers, including Wire-crested Thorntail, Blue-fronted Lancebill, Gould's Jewelfront, Golden-tailed Sapphire, Black-throated Brilliant, Many-spotted Hummingbird, Violet-fronted Brilliant and the tiny Gorgeted Woodstar.

19 April - Cabañas San Isidro & Guacamayos Ridge to Quito: On our final day of the trip, we dedicated a full morning to look for species that had eluded us so far. At the Cliff Flycatcher by Andre Weiss start of the antvireo trail at Cabañas San Isidro, we watched a male Pale-eyed Thrush sing from the top of a tall tree. The trail was fairly productive, but apart from the birds, we also really enjoyed the extensive primary subtropical cloud forest all around us. One of the highlights was a pair of Powerful Woodpeckers that showed nicely. At a bamboo patch, a loose flock produced Black-eared Hemispingus and Streak-headed Antbird. The hoped for Plushcap was possibly seen but not fully confirmed. A pair of Black-chested Fruiteater was calling right around us but unfortunately, it was only me that saw the female briefly.

Back at the cabins, some people needed to catch up with Russet-crowned Warbler. After some hide-and-seek, a bird showed really well, as did a Rufous-crowned Tody- Flycatcher. A flyby White-capped Parrot at the lodge deck was a nice catch-up, as most of the birds we had seen in the forest had been Red-billed Parrots. We also returned to the famed Guacamayos trail in the hope for some rare species like Greater Scythebill. We did hit a promising mixed-flock for the scythebill, but only pulled out species like Black-capped Hemispingus, Grass-green Tanager, Saffron-crowned Tanager, Blue-and-black Tanager and Hooded Mountain Tanager. A Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant showed well after some tape playback and we finally connected visually with a stunning Green-and- black Fruiteater. A family flock of Sepia-brown Wren was a welcome addition too. After a nice farewell lunch, most of us travelled back to Quito (some continued on to WildSumaco on their own account) with a brief stop at Wire-crested Thorntail by Andre Weiss Papallacta Lake and the airport pond.

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Annotated List of species recorded Note: Number in brackets ( ) indicate number of days on the tour the species was recorded.

Birds (510 in total: 456 seen, 53 heard) Nomenclature and follows Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2017. IOC World Bird List (v 7.1). Status codes: E = Endemic, NE = Near-endemic, I = Introduced IUCN codes: CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EW = Extinct in the Wild, NT = Near Threatened, DD = Data Deficient

Tinamous Tinamidae Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui harterti (3) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A fairly common species by voice heard in the western lowlands.

Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl Anatidae Torrent Duck Merganetta armata colombiana (3) 2 Guango Lodge 15.4, Cosanga 17.4 and Narupa Reserve 18.4. Multiple encounters with this spectacular and sought-after species. Our first sighting was a superb male at Guango that showed off at close range. Later on, we also located a sleeping female. A pair was watched at Cosanga and another male was seen in the Narupa reserve. Andean Teal Anas andium andium (3) Papallacta Pass 14.4, Laguna Papallacta 16.4 and Laguna Papallacta 19.4. Fairly common at high elevations in the Papallacta area. Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica spinicauda (3) Quito Airport Pond 13.4, Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Laguna Papallacta 16.4. A fairly common species seen at various sites in the highlands. Andean Duck Oxyura ferruginea (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Several of this attractive blue-billed duck were scoped at close range at Laguna Mica.

Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows Cracidae Andean Guan Penelope montagnii (1) 2 Yanacocha 8.4. brooki: (2) Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 18.4. This uncommon species was seen both east and west in the Andes in temperate forest. Wattled Guan (NT) Aburria aburri (3) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 10.4, 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A superb adult of this rarely seen species was scoped at Septimo Paraiso. Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. tschudii: (2) Cabañas San Isidro 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Birds were observed in cloud forest on both sides of the Andes.

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New World Quail Odontophoridae Rufous-fronted Wood Quail Odontophorus erythrops parambae (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A family flock was heard calling at close range.

Grebes Podicipedidae Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps antarcticus (1) Quito Airport Pond 13.4. A couple of individuals were scoped at a pond near Quito International Airport. Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis juninensis (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. This high elevation species was seen nicely along the shores of Laguna Mica.

Ibises and Spoonbills Threskiornithidae Andean Ibis (NT) Theristicus branickii (1) 19 Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A rare high elevation target bird in Ecuador. Small numbers of this attractive ibis were watched in the plains next to the Antisana Volcano. We counted a total of at least 19 individuals.

Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns Ardeidae Fasciated Tiger Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum salmoni (1) Archidona 18.4. A superb adult was scoped at the Misahuallí river. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, en route 12.4 and en route 13.4. Very few of this normally common and widespread species were seen. Great Egret Ardea alba egretta (1) en route 14.4. A single bird was observed en route.

Cormorants and Shags Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus brasilianus (2) Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. A few were observed at 3400m along the shore of Laguna Papallacta.

New World Vultures Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura jota (6) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and widespread species seen on most days. Black Vulture Coragyps atratus (5) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and widespread species seen on most days.

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Andean Condor (NT) Vultur gryphus (1) 7 Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Excellent views of this iconic species in flight on several occasions. One spectacular adult flew by at close range.

Hawks, Eagles, and Kites Accipitridae Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus (1) 4 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Surprisingly we had at least four encounters with this attractive raptor on our way to the reserve. Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Narupa Reserve 18.4. This handsome kite was seen on several days. On our way to the Oilbird cave, we photographed them at close range. Black-and-chestnut Eagle (VU) Spizaetus isidori (1) 1 adult Baeza 16.4. Incredible views of a perched adult with a live domestic chicken in its talons. This "Harpy" of the Andes was watched for a prolonged time before it got chased away by an angry farmer: an exceptional but also a very troublesome sighting. It is one of the rarest eagles in the Americas (if not the rarest) with only a handful of pairs known to occur in Ecuador (very low-density population). Domestic free-range chickens are easy prey for the Black-and-chestnut Eagle but also the principal reason for the species getting shot/killed. The species is currently classified as Endangered by Birdlife International. Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. bidentatus: (1) Archidona 18.4. Great close-up perch views of this species at two sites. The adult seen in Archidona was following a troupe of Squirrel Monkeys. Plain-breasted Hawk Accipiter ventralis (1) Guango Lodge 15.4. A male nearly landed atop Dušan's head while we hiked a trail. Plumbeous Hawk (VU) Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Superb perch views of this rare raptor along the manakin trail. Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps (1) 1 heard Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A calling bird was heard flying over in the fog. Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris (7) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Baeza 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites. In flight easily identified by its reddish wing panels. White-rumped Hawk Parabuteo leucorrhous (2) Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. One adult was seen in flight at Guango. Another bird was swiftly seen along the Guacamayos trail.

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Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma poecilochrous (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Several individuals of "Puna Hawk" were seen at high elevation Paramo habitat. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis (2) Quito Airport Pond 13.4 and Laguna Papallacta 16.4. Our best views of this beautiful raptor were of an adult near Papallacta. Grey-lined Hawk Buteo nitidus blakei (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single adult was scoped in a bare tree. It was being mobbed by a Boat-billed Flycatcher.

Rails, Gallinules, and Coots Rallidae White-throated Crake Laterallus albigularis albigularis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Superb views of this secretive crake on our way out the reserve. Ecuadorian Rail Rallus aequatorialis aequatorialis (1) 6 Papallacta Pass 14.4. Several were heard along the highway towards Papallacta. Some people were lucky to see it as well. Andean Coot Fulica ardesiaca atrura (3) Quito Airport Pond 13.4, Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Laguna Papallacta 16.4. A fairly common species at lakes in the highlands.

Plovers and Lapwings Charadriidae Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis cayennensis (1) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Small numbers were seen in the cattle pastures along the Las Caucheras road. Andean Lapwing Vanellus resplendens (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A single adult was scoped in the distance at Laguna Mica.

Seedsnipes Thinocoridae Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe Attagis gayi latreillii (1) Papallacta Pass 14.4. A bird was seen at close range by a single lucky observer. A nemesis bird for the rest since we were unable to find them even after several retries.

Sandpipers and Allies Scolopacidae Jameson's Snipe Gallinago jamesoni (1) 1 Papallacta Pass 15.4. An adult was flushed by a single lucky observer. Two birds were also heard calling while looking for the seedsnipe. Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius (2) Quito Airport Pond 13.4 and Cosanga 17.4. A few of this common boreal migrant were recorded. A bird at the airport was in full breeding plumage.

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers Laridae

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Andean Gull Chroicocephalus serranus (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. Only a few of this highland species were seen at their nest sites.

Pigeons and Doves Columbidae Rock Dove Columba livia var. domestica (8) en route 8.4, observed en route 10-12.4, Mindo Valley 13.4, en route 14.4, en route 17.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and widespread domestic species typically recorded in urban habitats. Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata albilinea (4) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, en route 14.4, en route 16.4 and Guacamayos trail 18.4. A fairly common species in the highlands. Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis occidentalis (3) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Only seen in the western lowlands. Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea chapmani (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. A single bird was seen in flight. Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. ogilviegranti: (1) Archidona 18.4. A few were recorded in the lower foothills both east and west of the Andes. Dusky Pigeon Patagioenas goodsoni (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single bird was heard shortly. Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina quitensis (1) The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4. Locally common in the arid "dry" valley of Calacali. Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti talpacoti (1) Archidona 18.4. A common species in the eastern lowlands. Black-winged Ground Dove Metriopelia melanoptera saturatior (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A single bird was scoped on the altiplano. White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi decolor (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. Nice from-inside-the-car views of this species on our way to Bellavista. Pallid Dove Leptotila pallida (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Flushed birds were seen on several occasions. White-throated Quail-Dove Zentrygon frenata bourcieri (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4.

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Our best views of this species were at Amagusa reserve where an adult visited the banana feeders. Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata hypoleuca (3) The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4, Quito Airport Pond 13.4 and en route 14.4. A common species in the inter-Andean valleys.

Cuckoos Cuculidae Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani (5) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, en route 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, en route 14.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common species in secondary habitats in the lowlands. Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia (2) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Great views of a singing bird in the hearts-of-palm plantation. Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. mesura: (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Archidona 18.4. A fairly common species seen at various sites.

Owls Strigidae Mottled Owl Strix virgata virgata (2) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 11.4 and 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 12.4. Heard at the lodge before dawn. Rufous-banded Owl Strix albitarsis albitarsis (2) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Heard at the lodge after dusk. Black-banded Owl Strix huhula huhula (3) Up to 1 Cabañas San Isidro 16-18.4. Fantastic close-up views of an adult "San Isidro" Owl. It is a spectacular large owl of the former Ciccaba and possibly involves a new species to science. It is very closely related to Black- banded Owl found in the Amazonian lowlands and most people consider it this species. Interestingly, this mystery owl is a resident in subtropical cloud forest of the eastern Andes at 2100m elevation which is higher than the normal distribution of Black-banded Owl. It seems that the mystery owls at Cabañas San Isidro also slightly differ in their plumage from the typical Black- banded. A “quick-and-dirty” DNA analysis from a few years back revealed some genetic differences between the mystery owl and Black-banded Owl but further research has been stopped. Therefore, the true identity of this intriguing owl remains a mystery until someone picks up this “cold case” in Ecuadorian ornithology. Cloud-forest Pygmy Owl (VU) Glaucidium nubicola (1) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. Heard calling in the distance.

Oilbird Steatornithidae Oilbird Steatornis caripensis (1) 6 Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Great views of this spectacular and distinct nocturnal species at their nest site. The Oilbird is placed in its own monotypic family.

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Potoos Nyctibiidae Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus panamensis (2) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 11.4 and 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 12.4. Heard several times in the Mindo Valley.

Nightjars and Allies Caprimulgidae Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris (2) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Guacamayos trail 17.4. Fantastic close-up flight views of an adult at the shrine of the Guacamayos Pass. Blackish Nightjar Nyctipolus nigrescens (1) Loreto Road 18.4. An adult was flushed from its nest. Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis (1) 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4. A single bird was heard at dusk.

Swifts Apodidae Spot-fronted Swift (DD) Cypseloides cherriei (1) 30 Archidona 18.4. A low flying flock of 30+ individuals was identified by their distinct calls. The digital images of Vincent Douwes nicely showed the distinct forehead markings. White-chinned Swift Cypseloides cryptus (1) 40 Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A large low flying flock overhead was identified through the images taken by Vincent Douwes. The birds were not vocalising at all but based on the images (white chin visible) we were able to exclude Spot-fronted Swift safely. Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila brunnitorques (2) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Guacamayos trail 18.4. Birds were seen at two sites, with good views including the chestnut collar. White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. altissima: (4) Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 18.4. This large and distinct swift was seen at various locations during the tour. The larger highland subspecies is a possible future split. Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris sclateri (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A few calling birds flew overhead. Neotropical Palm Swift Tachornis squamata semota (1) Archidona 18.4. A few were seen at the edge of town. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Good views of this species from the canopy tower.

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Hummingbirds Trochilidae Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri ruckeri (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A singing bird was heard by the group and swiftly observed by the tour leader. White-whiskered Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common Chocó endemic in the foothills and lowlands of the west. Green Hermit Phaethornis guy apicalis (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A single bird was observed at the feeders in the reserve. Tawny-bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus (2) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. columbianus: (2) Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A swift species seen at various cloud forest sites during the tour. Stripe-throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis subrufescens (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. A single bird was observed very swiftly. Blue-fronted Lancebill Doryfera johannae johannae (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. Nice views of an adult male feeding at some purple tubular flowers. White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora mellivora (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A distinct species of hummingbird commonly seen in the foothills and lowlands of the west. Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A few birds were seen visiting the feeders. Sparkling Violetear Colibri coruscans coruscans (3) Yanacocha 8.4, The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A common species in the inter-Andean valley. Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single female was seen along the entry road. Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti guimeti (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. Common at the Blue Porterweed inside the reserve. Wire-crested Thorntail (NT) Discosura popelairii (1) 2 Narupa Reserve 18.4. A cracking adult male and a female feeding on the Blue Porterweed inside the reserve. Green Thorntail Discosura conversii (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. This small hummer was fairly common at the feeders in the western foothills. Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica verticeps (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4.

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Often named Green-crowned Woodnymph. Common at the feeders. Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata viridipectus (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A few were seen at the feeders inside the reserve. Violet-bellied Hummingbird Juliamyia julie feliciana (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single male was scoped along the entry road. Golden-tailed Sapphire Chrysuronia oenone oenone (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. Common at the Blue Porterweed inside the reserve. Many-spotted Hummingbird Taphrospilus hypostictus (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A few of these noisy hummers were seen at the feeders inside the reserve. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl jucunda (5) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A common species at feeders along the west slope. Andean Emerald Amazilia franciae viridiceps (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Fairly common at the feeders. Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata fluviatilis (1) Archidona 18.4. A single bird was seen along the roadside just outside town. Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Perched and feeding on flowers at the parking lot. Purple-chested Hummingbird Amazilia rosenbergi (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Slightly more common inside the reserve compared to the very similar Blue-chested. Striking white undertail coverts and song are good id-features to distinguish it from Blue-chested. Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys (3) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Guacamayos trail 18.4, Guacamayos trail 19.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. maculata: (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. A fairly common species in Andean cloud forests. Ecuadorian Piedtail (NT) Phlogophilus hemileucurus (1) 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4. Its distinct call was heard at Loreto road. It was possibly seen. Black-throated Brilliant Heliodoxa schreibersii schreibersii (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A stunning male was seen on the feeders. Gould's Jewelfront Heliodoxa aurescens (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A female of this distinct species was visiting the feeders irregularly.

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Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. cervinigularis: (3) Observed Cabañas San Isidro 17-19.4. A common species at feeders in Andean cloud forests. Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula jamersoni (2) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Especially common at the Milpe feeders. Empress Brilliant Heliodoxa imperatrix (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. This large and elegant Chocó endemic was seen at feeders at various sites. Violet-fronted Brilliant Heliodoxa leadbeateri sagitta (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A few were seen at the feeders inside the reserve. White-tailed Hillstar Urochroa bougueri leucura (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Narupa Reserve 18.4. First seen at a flowering tree along the roadside. At Narupa surprisingly common at the feeders. Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens tinochlora (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guango Lodge 16.4. A common species at feeders in Andean cloud forests. Chestnut-breasted Coronet Boissonneaua matthewsii (5) Guango Lodge 15.4, Guango Lodge 16.4 and observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4. A common species at feeders along the east slope. Velvet-purple Coronet Boissonneaua jardini (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A striking Chocó endemic seen fantastically at the feeders. Shining Sunbeam Aglaeactis cupripennis cupripennis (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A few were visiting the feeders at Yanacocha. Ecuadorian Hillstar Oreotrochilus chimborazo jamesonii (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A male and female were seen along the entry road to Guaytara restaurant. Bronzy Inca coeligena obscura (4) Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Common in cloud forest along the east slope. Brown Inca Coeligena wilsoni (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. A Chocó endemic visiting feeders at two sites. Collared Inca Coeligena torquata (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. fulgidigula: (5) Guango Lodge 15.4, Guango Lodge 16.4, observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4 and Guacamayos trail 17.4. A striking black-and-white hummer seen at various sites in subtropical forest. Buff-winged Starfrontlet Coeligena lutetiae

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(1) Laguna Papallacta 15.4. albimaculata: (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Common at the feeders of Yanacocha. Sword-billed Hummingbird Ensifera ensifera (1) Yanacocha 8.4. A truly spectacular hummingbird seen well at the feeders of Yanacocha. Great Sapphirewing Pterophanes cyanopterus peruvianus (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Another large and spectacular hummer visiting the feeders at Yanacocha. Giant Hummingbird Patagona gigas peruviana (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. The largest hummingbird in the world was seen well at Tambo Condor restaurant. Gorgeted Sunangel Heliangelus strophianus (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. A Chocó endemic seen well at the feeders of Las Gralarias. Several more were seen along the road at Bellavista. Tourmaline Sunangel Heliangelus exortis (2) Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and Guango Lodge 16.4. A common species at the feeders of Guango Lodge. Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani luciani (1) Yanacocha 8.4. A fairly common species at the feeders of Yanacocha lodge. Golden-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis mosquera (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Less numerous than Sapphire-vented Puffleg. Purple-bibbed Whitetip Urosticte benjamini (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. Chocó endemic seen well at several sites. White-booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A very recent split. The birds in the west show white puffs/boots. Peruvian Racket-tail Ocreatus peruanus (1) Loreto Road 18.4 and Narupa Reserve 18.4. A very recent split. The birds in the east show rufous puffs/boots. Black-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia victoriae victoriae (3) The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4, en route 8.4, The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Fairly common in the inter-Andean valley. Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Guango Lodge 15.4. quitensis: (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Frequent at the feeders at Yanacocha. Viridian Metaltail Metallura williami primolina

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(2) Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Fairly common at the treeline along the east slope. Blue-mantled Thornbill Chalcostigma stanleyi stanleyi (1) Papallacta Pass 16.4. Foraging in the Paramo right at the pass. Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani herrani (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Great views of this scarce species along the Inca trail. Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingii mocoa (5) Guango Lodge 15.4, Guango Lodge 16.4, observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. A stunning species, commonly seen in cloud forest along the east slope. Violet-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus coelestis coelestis (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A stunning Chocó endemic seen at several sites. White-throated Wedgebill Schistes albogularis (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. A male was watched at close range inside the reserve. Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Nice views of a bird foraging along the road. Purple-throated Woodstar Calliphlox mitchellii (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. This small hummer was seen at various feeders along the west slope. White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant (1) Guango Lodge 15.4. In small numbers at the feeders of Guango. Gorgeted Woodstar Chaetocercus heliodor cleavesi (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. This tiny woodstar was present in good numbers (males and females) at the Blue Porterweed inside the reserve.

Trogons Trogonidae Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps auriceps (6) 3 Reserva Las Gralarias 8.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. This stunning species was recorded on both east and west side of the Andes. Choco Trogon Trogon comptus (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A pair was seen well inside the reserve. White-tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Nice views of a pair along the road.

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Collared Trogon Trogon collaris virginalis (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A single male was perched in the midstory. Masked Trogon Trogon personatus (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. temperatus: (3) Guango Lodge 16.4, 2 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Nice views of this species in cloud forest on both slopes.

Kingfishers Alcedinidae Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona (1) 1 Archidona 18.4. A single bird was seen in flight. Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata torquata (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. Flying upstream at the Hollin river.

Motmots Momotidae Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii semirufus (3) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Good views of this bird at two sites. Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum platyrhynchum (3) 2 Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Great views of this stunner at multiple sites.

Jacamars Galbulidae Rufous-tailed Jacamar ruficauda melanogenia (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Showing off near the entrance to the Oilbirds.

Puffbirds Bucconidae Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Nice scope views of an adult singing in the canopy. Western Striolated Puffbird Nystalus obamai (1) 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4. Calling back from the ridge.

New World Barbets Capitonidae Orange-fronted Barbet (NT) Capito squamatus (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Great views of a pair in a large mixed-species flock. Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii aequatorialis (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4.

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This stunning species was seen at multiple sites.

Toucan-Barbets Semnornithidae Toucan Barbet (NT) ramphastinus ramphastinus (2) 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. This spectacular Chocó endemic was only seen once, but seen very well at close range.

Toucans Ramphastidae White-throated Toucanet Aulacorhynchus albivitta albivitta (1) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 18.4. Calling in the distance. Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus sexnotatus (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Fantastic views of birds at the banana feeder of Amagusa. Pale-mandibled Aracari Pteroglossus erythropygius (4) en route 8.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A fairly common species in the western foothills and lowlands. Plate-billed Mountain Toucan (NT) Andigena laminirostris (2) 2 Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Spectacular and prolonged scope views of this Chocó endemic. Black-billed Mountain Toucan Andigena nigrirostris nigrirostris (1) 3 Guacamayos trail 18.4. A flock of three birds of this scarce species was watched along the highway. Choco Toucan Ramphastos brevis (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Fairly common by voice in the west. Seen well. Yellow-throated Toucan Ramphastos ambiguus (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. ambiguus: (1) 1 heard Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. The western race is called Chestnut-mandibled Toucan. Great views. The scarce eastern foothill race is often referred to as Black-mandibled Toucan.

Woodpeckers Picidae Lafresnaye's Piculet Picumnus lafresnayi lafresnayi (1) Loreto Road 18.4. In a large mixed-species flock. Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus harterti (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Nice views along the entry road to the reserve. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus (1) 4 Archidona 18.4. A splendid woodpecker, commonly seen around Archidona.

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Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Another attractive Melanerpes. Prolonged views from the canopy tower. Scarlet-backed Woodpecker Veniliornis callonotus callonotus (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. This Tumbesian speciality was seen well on two occasions. Smoky-brown Woodpecker Leuconotopicus fumigatus obscuratus (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen on two occasions. Golden-olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus rubripileus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen multiple times this day. Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii brevirostris (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Superb scope views of this very attractive red-and-yellow woodpecker. Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus loricatus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. One came in to tape and perched nicely next to the canopy tower. Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus fuscipennis (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen well various times. Powerful Woodpecker Campephilus pollens pollens (2) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Superb views of a female at Paz de las Aves. A pair was seen nicely along the antvireo trail at Cabañas San Isidro. Guayaquil Woodpecker (NT) Campephilus gayaquilensis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Nice views of this Tumbesian endemic.

Falcons and Caracaras Falconidae Black Caracara Daptrius ater (1) Archidona 18.4. A few of this distinct species were seen around Archidona. Carunculated Caracara Phalcoboenus carunculatus (3) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, Papallacta Pass 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Common on the altiplano of Antisana. Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans fulvescens (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Great scope views of this iconic species. Barred Forest Falcon Micrastur ruficollis interstes (1) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 11.4. Heard just after dawn. American Kestrel Falco sparverius aequatorialis (3) 2 heard Quito 8.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A fairly common species throughout the country. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus cassini

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(2) Quito Airport Pond 13.4 and Archidona 18.4. Stunning views of a hunting bird at the airport pond. Interesting was the sighting of a female joining a flock of Black Vultures above Archidona.

African & New World Parrots Psittacidae Barred Parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus (2) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 2 Guacamayos trail 18.4. Two birds were actually seen quite well from the shrine. Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera (1) Archidona 18.4. Common in the eastern lowlands. Rose-faced Parrot Pyrilia pulchra (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Superb scope views of an adult perched in a treetop. Red-billed Parrot Pionus sordidus (1) Guacamayos trail 17.4. mindoensis: (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Seen on both sides of the Andes. A large feeding flock was scoped on the ridge at Las Gralarias. White-capped Parrot Pionus seniloides (1) Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A few birds flew by at the lodge deck. Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus rubrigularis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Scope views along the entry road. Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Mindo Valley 13.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A common parrot in the western foothills and lowlands. Scaly-naped Amazon Amazona mercenarius canipalliata (3) Up to 4 Guacamayos trail 17-19.4. A small flock was observed in flight. Pacific Parrotlet Forpus coelestis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A spreading Tumbesian endemic. A few were seen along the entry road. Maroon-tailed Parakeet Pyrrhura melanura pacifica (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at several sites in the west.

Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers Furnariidae Chestnut-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes albidiventris albidiventris (3) 2 Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, Papallacta Pass 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Close-up views of this slimmer billed species. Stout-billed Cinclodes Cinclodes excelsior excelsior (3) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, Papallacta Pass 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Common on the altiplano. Thicker billed than former species.

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Pacific Hornero Furnarius cinnamomeus (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A distinct and common species in the western lowlands. Andean Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola andicola (1) Papallacta Pass 14.4. A single bird was observed near the antennas. White-chinned Thistletail Asthenes fuliginosa fuliginosa (1) 1 heard Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. A bird was calling from a grassy slope but did not come in to tape. Streak-backed Canastero Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis (1) 1 heard The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4. Heard singing just before we got caught by the heavy rain. Many-striped Canastero Asthenes flammulata flammulata (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Superb views of a singing bird atop a bush. Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa unirufa (1) Guacamayos trail 18.4. A skulky bird was observed at the shrine. Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae media (6) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, 1 heard Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and up to 1 Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4. Commonly heard but often difficult to see. Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura nigrifumosa (2) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A bird was observed at the White-throated Crake spot. White-browed Spinetail Hellmayrea gularis gularis (2) 2 heard Yanacocha 8.4 and 2 Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Great views of a responsive pair along the Hot Springs road. Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Mindo Valley 13.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common species in the west. Rusty-winged Barbtail Premnornis guttuliger guttuliger (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. A rarely seen species. Good views of a responsive pair. Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens (3) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Our best views of this bird were along the antvireo trail at CSI. Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger perlatus (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Papallacta Pass 16.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. A beautiful species seen in mixed-species flocks at various sites. Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii oberholseri (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. A large distinct furnariid, seen well in the scope at Las Gralarias. Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps temporalis

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(2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common species in mixed-species flocks in foothills and subtropics of the west. Lineated Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla subalaris subalaris (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common furnariid often with mixed-species flocks in the subtropics of the west (and east). Western Woodhaunter Hyloctistes virgatus assimilis (2) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common but secretive furnariid in the foothills and lowlands of the west. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum riveti (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Good views of this distinct foliage-gleaner at two sites in the western foothills. Striped Treehunter Thripadectes holostictus striatidorsus (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. Great but short views of a responsive bird in the bamboo. Streak-capped Treehunter Thripadectes virgaticeps virgaticeps (1) 1 heard Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. Extensively calling but the bird did not come in to playback. Flammulated Treehunter Thripadectes flammulatus flammulatus (1) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4. Calling (alarm call) just before dusk in the bamboo at the start of the trail. Dusky Leaftosser Sclerurus obscurior obscurior (1) 1 heard Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A calling bird was heard in the valley below the feeders. Plain Xenops Xenops minutus littoralis (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Observed along the entry road. Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans guayae (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. In a large mixed-species flock. Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dendrocincla tyrannina tyrannina (2) 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Superb scope views of a perched adult at CSI. Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa ridgwayi (3) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A bird flew in to tape at Rio Silanche. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus subrufescens (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Several encounters with this small and distinct woodcreeper. Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus promeropirhynchus (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4 and Guango Lodge 15.4. Great views of this enormous woodcreeper both in the east and west. Northern Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae sanctithomae

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(1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Good views of an adult (possibly two) in the forest. Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus (1) 2 Archidona 18.4. Two birds were seen along the forest edge just outside town. Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Multiple views of this boldly patterned woodcreeper in the forest. Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius aequatorialis (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common species in the western lowlands and foothills. Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis (3) 2 Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A fairly common species in the subtropics of the eastern slope. Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A responsive bird was observed at the start of the entry road. Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis (6) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4 and observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4. A common woodcreeper (often with mixed species flocks) in the subtropics along both slopes. Brown-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Great views of this scarce species responding to tape playback.

Antbirds Thamnophilidae Great Antshrike Taraba major transandeanus (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single bird was heard calling. Lined Antshrike (VU) Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus tenuifasciatus (1) Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A "fresh" male was found dead along the highway near Orchids Paradise, Archidona. Along Loreto road we connected with a living bird. Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor unicolor (2) 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and 1 heard Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A pair was heard well but not seen. Black-crowned Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha atrinucha (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Calling in the reserve but never near to us. Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Great views of a pair in a mixed-species flock. Moustached Antwren Myrmotherula ignota ignota (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. This race is sometimes called Griscom's Antwren. Singing in a mixed flock. Swiftly seen by the

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 31 tour leader. Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Nice views of a pair along the road near the Guayllabamba river. Stripe-chested Antwren Myrmotherula longicauda pseudoaustralis (1) heard Archidona 18.4. A singing bird was seemingly not interested in our tape. Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor schisticolor (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen in an understorey mixed-flock. Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis consobrina (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Good views of both male and female on several occasions. Streak-headed Antbird Drymophila striaticeps (2) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Formerly called "Long-tailed Antbird". Great views of birds in the bamboo in the subtropics of east and west. White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys leucophrys (1) 2 Archidona 18.4. A pair was observed in the dense secondary forest in the outskirts of Archidona. Peruvian Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis peruviana saturata (1) heard Archidona 18.4. A singing pair near the White-browed Antbird territory. Heard-only. Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul maculifer (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Birds were seen at various sites in the understorey. Esmeraldas Antbird Myrmeciza nigricauda (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. A male of this scarce Chocó endemic showed surprisingly well in the understorey after playback. Zeledon's Antbird Myrmeciza zeledoni macrorhyncha (2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A male was seen along the trail system at Milpe Garden.

Antthrushes Formicariidae Black-headed Antthrush Formicarius nigricapillus destructus (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Calling inside the reserve but never got close to us. Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus carrikeri (2) 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. Its distinct two-noted call was heard at two sites. Barred Antthrush Chamaeza mollissima mollissima (1) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4. A single instant response to playback.

Antpittas Grallariidae Undulated Antpitta Grallaria squamigera squamigera

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(1) 2 heard Yanacocha 8.4. Very vocal but also very hidden along the Inca trail. Moustached Antpitta (VU) Grallaria alleni andaquiensis (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Great views of "Suzanna" along one of the trails. Plain-backed Antpitta Grallaria haplonota chaplinae (1) 1 heard Narupa Reserve 18.4. Singing at the entrance of the reserve. Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla ruficapilla (5) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, 1 heard Guango Lodge 15.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 19.4. Great views of an adult in the upper parts of the site. It came in to earthworms. Chestnut-naped Antpitta Grallaria nuchalis obsoleta (1) 2 heard Yanacocha 8.4. Singing in the Yanacocha valley. This dark western subspecies is a possible future split. Yellow-breasted Antpitta Grallaria flavotincta (2) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Great views at Paz de las Aves where the species came in to earthworms. White-bellied Antpitta Grallaria hypoleuca castanea (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Great views of this east slope speciality at the worm feeder behind the restaurant. Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula rufula (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. A juvenile was observed and photographed at close range along the Inca trail. An adult was also swiftly observed at the Crescent-faced Antpitta site. Tawny Antpitta Grallaria quitensis quitensis (4) Yanacocha 8.4, 1 heard Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, 1 heard Papallacta Pass 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Commonly heard in the highlands and usually the easiest antpitta to see. Ochre-breasted Antpitta (NT) Grallaricula flavirostris mindoensis (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Great views of "Shakira" along a forest trail. Slaty-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana nana (1) Guacamayos trail 17.4. An adult bird came in to the tape and was seen well (by some) hidden in the bamboo. Crescent-faced Antpitta (NT) Grallaricula lineifrons (1) 1 heard Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. This (very) rare species was heard at close range (both song and call) but never came into view.

Tapaculos Rhinocryptidae Ocellated Tapaculo Acropternis orthonyx infuscatus (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Fantastic views of this spectacular and sought-after species along the Inca trail. Long-tailed Tapaculo Scytalopus micropterus (3) Guacamayos trail 17.4, 1 heard Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4.

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One seen really well along the Guacamayos trail. Sometimes named Equatorial Rufous-vented Tapaculo. Nariño Tapaculo Scytalopus vicinior (3) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and 1 heard Pacto- Pachijal road 11.4. Chocó endemic. Heard-only. Spillmann's Tapaculo Scytalopus spillmanni (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 18.4. Seen at several sites but skulky as usual. Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus opacus opacus (2) Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Heard-only Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans (3) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans latrans (2) 1 heard Yanacocha 8.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. The subspecies that we heard at CSI is an undescribed east slope race.

Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae Ashy-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias cinereiceps (3) 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Eventually seen in the Mashpi area. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus (1) Archidona 18.4. A single bird scoped in the canopy. A common lowland species. Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster semipagana (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Showing well at the farm. White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps griseigularis (2) 1 heard Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Presumably, this species was seen at CSI. Heard at the viewing platform at Antisana. Mottle-backed Elaenia Elaenia gigas (1) 1 Archidona 18.4. A bird was seen in a tall tree next to the river Misahuallí. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum sclateri (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Perched atop a bush in the hearts-of-palm plantation. White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys rufomarginatus (3) Yanacocha 8.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. A regular member of mixed-species flocks in high elevation forests. White-tailed Tyrannulet Mecocerculus poecilocercus (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4.

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A fairly common tyrannulet in the subtropics of both slopes. Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet Mecocerculus minor (2) 2 Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A pair was seen well at the entrance of CSI. White-banded Tyrannulet Mecocerculus stictopterus stictopterus (2) 1 heard Yanacocha 8.4, Guango Lodge 15.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. Replaces White-tailed Tyrannulet at higher elevations. Tufted Tit-Tyrant Anairetes parulus aequatorialis (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Nice views of a bird near the restaurant. Agile Tit-Tyrant Uromyias agilis (1) Laguna Papallacta 15.4. This scarce species was seen in a mixed-species flock in temperate forest near the lake. Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea cinerea (1) Cosanga 17.4. We finally connected with this species at the Cosanga river. Bronze-olive Pygmy Tyrant Pseudotriccus pelzelni annectens (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Good views of this scarce species in the lower subtropics of the west. Rufous-headed Pygmy Tyrant Pseudotriccus ruficeps (4) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. Seen at various sites but surely with excellent views along the San Tadeo road in the Bellavista Reserve. Red-billed Tyrannulet (VU) Zimmerius cinereicapilla (1) Archidona 18.4. This rare species was discovered just outside Archidona. Great scope views of a singing adult. Golden-faced Tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. In a large "mega" mixed-species flock. Choco Tyrannulet Zimmerius albigularis (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Mindo Valley 13.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Fairly common in the foothills of the west slope. Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus ophthalmicus (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Great views of a responsive bird at the start of the antvireo trail (at the hummingbird feeders). Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis columbianus (3) Guacamayos trail 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. Seen at several sites along the east slope. Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus hederaceus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single bird was observed foraging in the canopy along the road. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus pacificus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4.

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A bird was shortly observed in the midstory near the parking lot. Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris superciliaris (4) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4 and 1 heard Narupa Reserve 18.4. A fairly common species in the lower subtropics and foothills along both slopes. The eastern birds give a different call. Flavescent Flycatcher Myiophobus flavicans flavicans (4) 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Its modest call was heard at several sites. Along the Macucaloma trail (CSI) some people got to see it as well. Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus crypterythrus (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Good views of a bird perched in a corn field. Handsome Flycatcher Nephelomyias pulcher bellus (1) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Great scope views of a juvenile being fed by its parents. Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus (3) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. phoenicurus: (1) Narupa Reserve 18.4. A common and distinct species in the foothills, especially along the west slope. Black-capped Pygmy Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. This tiny flycatcher remained heard-only. Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus (4) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. pileatus: (1) 1 heard Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. Heard at several sites. Seen in the canopy at Milpe Garden. Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus ruficeps ruficeps (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Great views of this attractive tody-flycatcher in the bamboo at CSI. Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus latirostris caniceps (1) Archidona 18.4. Heard well. Seen by some in the understorey of secondary forest. Golden-winged Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus calopterus (1) Archidona 18.4. Nice views of this stunning but very swift species! Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. peruanum: (1) Loreto Road 18.4. Seen at several sites in the foothills and lowlands. Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum guttatum

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(1) heard Archidona 18.4. A single bird was calling near our lunch spot. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A singing bird was seen in the canopy along the entry road. Yellow-margined Flatbill Tolmomyias flavotectus (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. In a mixed-species flock at the parking lot. Olive-faced Flatbill Tolmomyias viridiceps viridiceps (1) Archidona 18.4. Common by voice in Archidona and eventually seen in a tree next to the river. Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus pyrrhopterus (6) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4, Guacamayos trail 18.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A fairly common and handsome species in the subtropics of both slopes. Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea sclateri (1) Loreto Road 18.4. Several birds were seen at their usual cliff site along Loreto road. Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans angustirostris (6) en route 8.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Baeza 16.4, Cosanga 17.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common species often seen near rivers. Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus (4) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. zarumae: (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A fairly common species in the subtropics of both slopes. Western Wood Pewee Contopus sordidulus sordidulus (3) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4. Boreal migrants were still vocal at a few sites. Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus obscurus piurae (1) Quito Airport Pond 13.4. A stunning male was seen on the fence at the airport pond. Rufous-tailed Tyrant Knipolegus poecilurus peruanus (1) 2 Loreto Road 18.4. Two birds were seen well at the Cliff Flycatcher spot. Paramo Ground Tyrant Muscisaxicola alpinus alpinus (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Very nice views of this species at the altiplano. Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant Agriornis montanus solitarius (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A single bird was scoped at the condor lookout. Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta atripennis

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(1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A common but attractive black-and-white flycatcher of the western lowlands. Crowned Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix frontalis frontalis (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Some got lucky to see at along the Inca trail at Yanacocha. Just below the treeline at Papallacta we connected with the species nicely. Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema gratiosa (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. Superb views of a rather tame bird along the San Tadeo road. Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris (3) 1 heard Guango Lodge 15.4, 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. Good views of a responsive bird along the Guacamayos trail. Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca rufipectoralis obfuscata (1) 2 Guango Lodge 15.4. Great views of this very handsome species. Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor brunneifrons (2) 2 Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Our best views were near Guaytara restaurant were a pair showed nicely. Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis hellmayri (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, en route 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A common species in the foothills and lowlands of the west. Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis similis (1) Archidona 18.4. A common species of the lowlands, only seen near Archidona. Grey-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. obscurior: (1) Archidona 18.4. Good views in the lowlands of the east and west. Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus sulphuratus (1) Archidona 18.4. A common species of the lowlands, only seen near Archidona. Lemon-browed Flycatcher (VU) Conopias cinchoneti cinchoneti (2) 2 Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and 1 heard Narupa Reserve 18.4. A pair was present at the parking of CSI. Fairly high elevation for this typical foothill species. Golden-crowned Flycatcher Myiodynastes chrysocephalus minor (7) 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A common kiskadee-like flycatcher in the subtropics of both slopes. Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. chrysogaster: (1) 1 heard Archidona 18.4. The bird at Rio Silanche was mobbing a Grey-lined Hawk.

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Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus (10) en route 8.4, Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Mindo Valley 13.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Baeza 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Loreto Road 18.4, Archidona 18.4 and en route 19.4. A common and widespread species, especially in the lowlands. Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer nigriceps (2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. We got nice views of this species from the canopy tower. Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes cephalotes (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A common Myiarchus at the lodge grounds. Feeding on the insects at the deck (dining room) in the morning.

Cotingas Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion rubrocristatus (1) Yanacocha 8.4. A single adult was seen in the fog along the Inca trail. Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola riefferii (1) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. confusa: (3) Up to 1 Guacamayos trail 17-19.4. We finally connected visually with this species along the Guacamayos trail. Orange-breasted Fruiteater Pipreola jucunda (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. Fantastic scope views of a male of this Chocó endemic at Amagusa reserve. Black-chested Fruiteater Pipreola lubomirskii (2) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Birds were heard well but only the tour leader got to see it shortly at CSI. Scaled Fruiteater Ampelioides tschudii (1) Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. Superb views of this distinct cotinga along the entry road to Septimo Paraiso. Andean Cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruvianus sanguinolentus (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Incredible close-up views of this iconic species at a lek site. The activity at the lek was impressive this time of year with many displaying males. Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Unfortunately, this cotinga remained heard-only.

Manakins Pipridae Golden-winged Manakin Masius chrysopterus coronulatus (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A female was seen at close range in the Mashpi area. Some people got lucky to see an adult male along the entry road of Septimo Paraiso. White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus bangsi

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(1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Great views of this stunning species in the understorey next to the canopy tower. Club-winged Manakin Machaeropterus deliciosus (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Superb views of a displaying male along the manakin trail. What an incredible sound they make! Red-capped Manakin Ceratopipra mentalis minor (1) 1 ♂ Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A cracking male doing the "moonwalk" dance next to the canopy tower. A rare species for the area.

Tityras, Becards Tityridae Tawny-breasted Myiobius Myiobius villosus villosus (1) Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Good views of this species in mixed-species understorey flocks. Sulphur-rumped Myiobius Myiobius sulphureipygius aureatus (1) 2 Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Two birds were seen in the understorey next to the canopy tower. Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor albitorques (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A male was observed in a tall tree along the road next to the reserve. Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana cayana (1) Archidona 18.4. A male of this lowland species was swiftly scoped. Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata nigriceps (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen well at two sites in the west. A male was inspecting a nest site near the Guayllabamba river. Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor versicolor (3) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4. Great views of a responsive male along the San Tadeo road. Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus cinnamomeus (3) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Great views of a responsive pair at the entrance of the Oilbird cave. Also seen at other sites in the west. White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus tenebrosus (1) 2 Loreto Road 18.4. A responsive pair showed well at the start of Loreto road.

Vireos Vireonidae Black-billed Peppershrike Cyclarhis nigrirostris (4) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. atrirostris: (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. A singing bird showed well at the Amagusa turnoff (a scarce species in the west). Along the east slope seen at various sites. Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis

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(2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. leucotis: (1) 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4. Singing birds were heard in the distance at various sites. Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys (3) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. leucophrys: (3) Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. A fairly common species in the subtropics. Often with mixed-species flocks. Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis (1) Archidona 18.4. A bird was seen in a tall tree next to the river. Red-eyed Vireo was possibly also present in the same tree. Olivaceous Greenlet (NT) Hylophilus olivaceus (1) 1 heard Archidona 18.4. Heard-only near our lunch spot. Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus minor (2) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Good views of this fairly nondescript species in the western lowlands.

Crows, Jays, and Magpies Corvidae Turquoise Jay Cyanolyca turcosa (3) 4 Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guango Lodge 16.4. Great views of this stunning species on either side of the Andes. Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus violaceus (1) Archidona 18.4. Nice scope views of this species at our lunch spot. Common in the eastern lowlands. Inca Jay Cyanocorax yncas yncas (5) Guango Lodge 15.4, Guango Lodge 16.4 and observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4. A spectacular jay. Very common around the cabins of CSI.

Swallows Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer (1) Archidona 18.4. A pair of this attractive swallow was present at the soccer field. Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea chalybea (1) Archidona 18.4. A few were seen in Archidona. Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (11) en route 8.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, en route 11.4, Mindo Valley 13.4, en route 14.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Baeza 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4, Archidona 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites. Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina murina (4) Yanacocha 8.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4.

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This dark swallow was seen at various high elevation sites. White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata (1) Archidona 18.4. Fairly common around our lunch spot. White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis minima (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at the house where we also got the water-tyrant. Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. ruficollis: (1) Loreto Road 18.4. A fairly common species in the foothills and lowlands.

Donacobius Donacobiidae Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla nigrodorsalis (1) Loreto Road 18.4. Nice views of noisy adults in tall grass along the Loreto Road.

Wrens Troglodytidae Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus hypostictus (1) heard Archidona 18.4. Distant birds were heard-only. Rufous Wren Cinnycerthia unirufa unibrunnea (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Family groups of this large rufous wren were encountered a few times. Sepia-brown Wren Cinnycerthia olivascens olivascens (2) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 18.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. A family group was seen well along the Guacamayos trail. Grass Wren Cistothorus platensis aequatorialis (2) 1 Papallacta Pass 14.4, heard Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. Commonly heard. Seen by some participants. Plain-tailed Wren Pheugopedius euophrys (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. longipes: (2) 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 19.4. Very nice views of a duetting pair in the bamboo at Bellavista. Whiskered Wren Pheugopedius mystacalis mystacalis (1) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. This species was heard-only. Coraya Wren Pheugopedius coraya griseipectus (1) heard Loreto Road 18.4 and heard Archidona 18.4. This species was heard-only. Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus nigricapillus (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4.

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Great views of this stunning wren at the Amagusa feeders. House Wren Troglodytes aedon (1) 1 heard Archidona 18.4. albicans: (6) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4 and Guango Lodge 15.4. A common and widespread species, especially in the lowlands. The record at Guango made by a participant was not confirmed. Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis solstitialis (6) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, up to 1 Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4 and Guacamayos trail 17.4. This small wren was fairly common in the subtropics of both slopes. White-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucosticta hauxwelli (1) 1 heard Loreto Road 18.4 and 1 heard Archidona 18.4. Replaces Grey-breasted Wood-wren at lower elevations. Heard-only. Grey-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucophrys (2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. leucophrys: (7) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, 1 heard Guango Lodge 15.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, up to 1 Guacamayos trail 17-19.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A commonly heard species in the subtropics of both slopes. Subspecies hilaris of the western foothills has a different song and is a potential future split. Southern Nightingale-Wren Microcerculus marginatus taeniatus (3) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Its distinct song was heard at various sites. Wing-banded Wren Microcerculus bambla albigularis (1) 1 heard Narupa Reserve 18.4. Its distinct song was only heard once.

Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae Tawny-faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris cinereiventris (2) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Calling loudly from the undergrowth.

Thrushes and Allies Turdidae Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides (3) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, 1 heard Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. venezuelensis: (4) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A beautiful singer. Both subspecies were seen on either side of the Andes. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscater fuscater (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and 2 Guango Lodge

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15.4. Brief close-up views of an adult at the banana feeders of Las Gralarias. A pair was observed copulating along the river trail at Guango. Spotted Nightingale-Thrush Catharus dryas maculatus (2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. An adult crossed the trail at Milpe Garden. Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus incanus (1) 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. The distinct call of this boreal migrant was heard at Milpe Garden. Black Solitaire Entomodestes coracinus (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. Awesome and prolonged eye-level views of this rare Chocó endemic! Pale-eyed Thrush Turdus leucops (2) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A singing bird was seen perched atop a tall tree. Great Thrush Turdus fuscater quindio (8) Yanacocha 8.4, en route 8.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4, Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, en route 14.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4, Guacamayos trail 18.4, Guacamayos trail 19.4 and Laguna Papallacta 19.4. A common species in the highlands and inter-Andean valley. Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus fuscobrunneus (4) 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and up to 1 Cabañas San Isidro 16-18.4. Seen well from the deck at CSI in the early morning. Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis debilis (2) Baeza 16.4 and Archidona 18.4. Two perched birds were seen near the petrol station. A common species in the eastern lowlands. Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus parambanus (1) 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A loud singing bird was recorded in a tall tree at Milpe Garden but we could not get visuals. Ecuadorian Thrush Turdus maculirostris (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen well in the western lowlands.

Dippers Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Cinclus leucocephalus leuconotus (1) Baeza 16.4. A single bird was seen at the bridge just past the police checkpoint of Baeza.

Wagtails and Pipits Motacillidae Paramo Pipit Anthus bogotensis bogotensis (1) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Fairly distant scope views of singing birds at the altiplano.

Finches, Euphonias Fringillidae Olivaceous Siskin Spinus olivaceus

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(2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Loreto Road 18.4. Fairly common in the foothills and subtropics of the east. Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanicus capitalis (2) The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A male showed nicely in front of the petrol station of Calacali. Orange-crowned Euphonia Euphonia saturata (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A male (black undertail) was photographed by a participant at Rio Silanche. Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris hypoxantha (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A fairly common species seen in the lowlands of the west. White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta chrysopasta (1) Loreto Road 18.4. A single male singing in a mixed-species flock. Uncommon in the eastern foothills but more frequent at lower elevations. Bronze-green Euphonia Euphonia mesochrysa mesochrysa (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. A single calling male in a "mega" mixed-species flock. Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster (5) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. brevirostris: (1) Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and widespread euphonia along both slopes, especially in the west. Yellow-collared Chlorophonia Chlorophonia flavirostris (1) 1 heard Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. Surprisingly only a single record of this Chocó endemic. Heard but also seen in flight at the entry road of Septimo Paraiso. Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys (1) 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Heard in the forest along the antvireo trail.

New World Warblers Parulidae Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis semiflava semiflava (1) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. A pair was seen well at a pasture along the road in the Mashpi area. Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi (3) 1 heard en route 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. alarum: (1) Loreto Road 18.4. Fairly common in the foothills and lowlands. Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca (5) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Loreto Road 18.4. Surprisingly we still saw quite of few of this boreal migrant species. A few males in full breeding

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 45 plumage were a real treat. Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata (1) adult ♂ Archidona 18.4. A crisp male in breeding plumage was seen in secondary woodland. Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristata (5) 1 heard Yanacocha 8.4, 1 heard Guango Lodge 15.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Nice views of the warbler at the entrance of CSI. Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda semicervina (3) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and 1 heard Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly common species in the foothills and lowlands. Choco Warbler Myiothlypis chlorophrys (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen well in the foothills of the west. Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronata (1) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. orientalis: (3) 1 heard Guango Lodge 16.4, 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Both subspecies were seen on either side of the Andes. A warbler with a lovely song. Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus (2) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. baezae: (2) Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. Seen on either side of the Andes. Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis (3) Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. A few of this boreal migrant were seen along the east slope. Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus ballux (7) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. A common and attractive warbler in the subtropics and foothills along both slopes. Spectacled Whitestart Myioborus melanocephalus ruficoronatus (7) Yanacocha 8.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4, 1 heard Guacamayos trail 18.4 and Laguna Papallacta 19.4. Replaces Slate-throated Whitestart at higher elevations. A beautiful warbler often found with mixed-species flocks.

Troupials and Allies Icteridae Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons angustifrons (4) Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Loreto Road 18.4, Archidona 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Fairly common along the east slope and at the lodge grounds of CSI. Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus decumanus

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(1) Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. Seen during our "side trip" to the eastern foothills and lowlands. Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela cela (1) Archidona 18.4. Seen during our "side trip" to the eastern lowlands. Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus microrhynchus pacificus (2) 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Heard in the lowlands of the west. Subtropical Cacique Cacicus uropygialis (4) Observed Cabañas San Isidro 16-19.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 18.4. Common at the lodge grounds of CSI. Foraging on insects in the morning hours right at the breakfast table! Northern Mountain Cacique Cacicus leucoramphus leucoramphus (2) Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guango Lodge 16.4. Common and conspicuous at Guango. Nesting right above the lodge roof. Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis aequatorialis (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at the palm plantation en route to the reserve. Scrub Blackbird Dives warczewiczi warczewiczi (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Perched in a corn field on the way to the Oilbirds.

Bananaquit Coerebidae Bananaquit Coereba flaveola intermedia (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common species in the foothills and lowlands.

Buntings, Sparrows and Allies Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis costaricensis (11) Yanacocha 8.4, Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Quito Airport Pond 13.4, The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4, Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Laguna Papallacta 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Loreto Road 18.4, Archidona 18.4, Guacamayos trail 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A very common species in the highlands, less so in the lowlands. Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris striaticeps (1) 1 heard Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. Heard singing at the banana feeders. Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris occidentalis (3) 1 heard Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, 1 heard Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen at the banana feeders of the Milpe reserve. Chestnut-capped Brushfinch Arremon brunneinucha frontalis (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and 1 heard Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Showing nicely at the banana feeders of Reserva Las Gralarias.

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Grey-browed Brushfinch Arremon assimilis assimilis (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and 1 heard Guacamayos trail 17.4. Seen by some along the Inca trail, Yanacocha. Pale-naped Brushfinch Atlapetes pallidinucha papallactae (1) Laguna Papallacta 15.4. Great views of a pair in the bushes along the lake. Choco Brushfinch Atlapetes crassus (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Good views of this Chocó endemic. Formerly considered conspecific with Tricolored Brushfinch from SE Peru. Yellow-breasted Brushfinch Atlapetes latinuchus spodionotus (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4. Often named Rufous-naped Brushfinch. Nice views of this attractive species, especially at the feeders of Yanacocha. Slaty Brushfinch Atlapetes schistaceus schistaceus (1) Guango Lodge 15.4. A fairly local species in Ecuador, seen well near the lodge. White-winged Brushfinch Atlapetes leucopterus leucopterus (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. An adult was picked up nicely in front of the Cock-of-the-rock hide. Common Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavopectus phaeocephalus (3) Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. Common along the east slope. Dusky Bush Tanager Chlorospingus semifuscus semifuscus (3) 1 heard Reserva Las Gralarias 8.4, Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. A common Chocó endemic in subtropical forest of the west slope. Yellow-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavigularis (2) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. flavigularis: (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Loreto Road 18.4. A fairly common species in the lower subtropics and foothills.

Tanagers and Allies Thraupidae Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus leverianus (1) Archidona 18.4. A single bird was seen from the car while driving near Archidona. Rufous-crested Tanager Creurgops verticalis (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. Great views of a pair in our "mega" mixed-species flock. Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii cassinii (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A small party moved through the understorey along to the road next to the reserve. Black-capped Hemispingus Hemispingus atropileus (2) Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4.

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Moving along with a mixed-species understorey flock. Black-eared Hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis melanotis (1) Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Good views of this species in a patch of bamboo. Grey-hooded Bush Tanager Cnemoscopus rubrirostris rubrirostris (1) Guango Lodge 15.4. Nicely seen in a small flock next to the lodge. White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. luctuosus: (1) Archidona 18.4. Seen in the lowlands on either side of the Andes. Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at two sites in the western lowlands. White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at two sites in the western lowlands. Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo carbo (1) Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common and conspicuous species in the foothills and lowlands of the east. Lemon-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus icteronotus (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, en route 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A common and conspicuous species in the foothills and lowlands of the west. Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4, Mindo Valley 13.4, Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. coelestis: (3) Baeza 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common species along both slopes. The eastern race has distinct wing bars. Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum (3) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. melanoptera: (2) Baeza 16.4, Loreto Road 18.4 and Archidona 18.4. A common species, especially at lower elevations. Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala cyanocephala (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. Only seen at Las Gralarias. Blue-and-yellow Tanager Thraupis bonariensis darwinii (2) The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Great views of a male in front of the petrol station of Calacali. Also seen along the entry road to Antisana. Moss-backed Tanager Bangsia edwardsi

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(1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Multiple encounters with this localised Chocó endemic in the Mashpi area. Hooded Mountain Tanager Buthraupis montana cucullata (4) Yanacocha 8.4, 1 heard Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. Great views of birds in upper subtropical forest along both slopes. Black-chested Mountain Tanager Buthraupis eximia chloronota (3) Yanacocha 8.4, 2 Laguna Papallacta 15.4 and 2 Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Surprisingly we run into this scarce species on three occasions. Feeding on bananas at Yanacocha. Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager Anisognathus igniventris erythrotus (4) Yanacocha 8.4, Laguna Papallacta 15.4, Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4 and Laguna Papallacta 19.4. A stunning mountain-tanager seen very well at various sites in the highlands. Blue-winged Mountain Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus cyanopterus (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Fairly common in the subtropics. Surprisingly we did not see them along the east slope. Black-chinned Mountain Tanager Anisognathus notabilis (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. A stunning Chocó endemic seen well in the Mashpi area. Grass-green Tanager Chlorornis riefferii riefferii (5) Yanacocha 8.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and up to 1 Guacamayos trail 17-19.4. A superb tanager seen fantastically on both sides of the Andes. Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager Dubusia taeniata taeniata (1) 1 heard Papallacta Hot Springs - Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve 16.4. Heard only in the valley above the hot springs. Yellow-throated Tanager Iridosornis analis (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. Great views of this scarce bird in our "mega" mixed-species flock. Golden-crowned Tanager Iridosornis rufivertex subsimilis (1) Yanacocha 8.4. Seen well in the forest along the Black-breasted Puffleg trail. Glistening-green Tanager Chlorochrysa phoenicotis (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. Close-up views of this cracking Chocó endemic at the feeders of Amagusa. Orange-eared Tanager Chlorochrysa calliparaea bourcieri (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. This stunning species was seen well in our "mega" mixed-species flock. Grey-and-gold Tanager Tangara palmeri (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A speciality of the western foothills seen well at two sites. Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana boliviana (1) Archidona 18.4. Small flocks of this colourful tanager were watched just outside Archidona. Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis chilensis (1) Loreto Road 18.4.

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Great views of this striking species in a flock along Loreto road. Golden Tanager Tangara arthus (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. aequatorialis: (2) Loreto Road 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A superb and distinct tangara seen at various sites on both slopes. Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala icterocephala (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Seen at two sites in the west. Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala venusta (3) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Guacamayos trail 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. A very attractive tanager of the subtropics in the east. Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii (2) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. lunigera: (3) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. This fantastic tangara was seen well at both sides of the Andes. Common at the feeders of Amagusa. Spotted Tanager Tangara punctata zamorae (1) Loreto Road 18.4. Seen in a mixed-flock along Loreto road. Rufous-throated Tanager Tangara rufigula (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4. This stunning Chocó endemic was easily seen at the feeders of Amagusa. Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola nupera (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen at various sites in the western lowlands. Golden-naped Tanager Tangara ruficervix leucotis (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A splendid tangara of the subtropics, commonly seen in the west. Blue-browed Tanager Tangara cyanotis lutleyi (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. A local species along the east slope seen fantastically in our "mega" mixed-species flock. Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Narupa Reserve 18.4. cyanopygia: (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A common but stunning species seen in the foothills and lowlands. Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata fanny (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A western lowland species seen well at the reserve. Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis (3) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4 and

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Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. nigroviridis: (3) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4, Guacamayos trail 18.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. A fairly common but stunning species seen in the subtropics. Blue-and-black Tanager Tangara vassorii vassorii (2) Guango Lodge 15.4 and Guacamayos trail 19.4. This highland tangara was seen at two sites. Black-capped Tanager Tangara heinei (4) Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4, Cabañas San Isidro 17.4 and Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4. Seen well in the subtropics on both slopes. Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata (1) Archidona 18.4. A single male was seen along the roadside just outside Archidona. Yellow-tufted Dacnis Dacnis egregia aequatorialis (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. We got nice views of this colourful dacnis in the west. Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana baudoana (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Taking a bath in a bromeliad at the Rio Silanche Reserve. Scarlet-breasted Dacnis (VU) Dacnis berlepschi (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A calling female was seen in a tall tree next to the canopy tower. A scarce Chocó endemic. Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus (3) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. microrhynchus: (1) Loreto Road 18.4. This small yellow-legged honeycreeper was seen at various sites in the lowlands. Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza exsul (3) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. Seen at various sites in the western lowlands. Scarlet-browed Tanager Heterospingus xanthopygius berliozi (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Superb scope views of this target bird just outside the reserve. Birds were bathing in a bromeliad! Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira guirina (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Nice views of this species at the parking lot. Cinereous Conebill cinereum fraseri (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. Seen at two sites in the highlands. Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor sitticolor (1) Yanacocha 8.4. In a flock along the Inca trail. The light was tricky and the observed colours did not do real justice. Seen well nevertheless. Capped Conebill Conirostrum albifrons atrocyaneum

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(2) Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Guango Lodge 15.4. Seen in various mixed-species flocks in the upper subtropics. Glossy Flowerpiercer Diglossa lafresnayii (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. A common species near the treeline, especially at Yanacocha. Diglossa humeralis aterrima (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A fairly common species in the inter-Andean valley. White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera albilatera (2) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 16.4. Seen at multiple sites in the subtropics. Indigo Flowerpiercer Diglossa indigotica (1) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4 and Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4. A rare Chocó endemic seen well along the entrance of Amagusa road. Golden-eyed Flowerpiercer Diglossa glauca tyrianthina (1) Cocodrilos, Reserva Ecológica Antisana 18.4 and Loreto Road 18.4. Great views of this species in mixed-species flocks along the east slope. Bluish Flowerpiercer Diglossa caerulescens media (3) Cabañas San Isidro 17.4, up to 1 Guacamayos trail 17-19.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 19.4. Fairly common in the San Isidro Valley. Masked Flowerpiercer Diglossa cyanea cyanea (5) Yanacocha 8.4, Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Bellavista Cloudforest Reserve 9.4, Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Guango Lodge 15.4, Guango Lodge 16.4 and Laguna Papallacta 15.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites in the highlands. Plumbeous Sierra Finch Phrygilus unicolor geospizopsis (3) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4, Papallacta Pass 15.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. A common species at high elevations above the tree line. Ash-breasted Sierra Finch Phrygilus plebejus ocularis (1) The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4. Scoped in the "dry" valley at the horse race track. Band-tailed Sierra Finch Phrygilus alaudinus bipartitus (1) The Shrine, Calacalí 8.4. Nice views of an adult in the "dry" valley at the horse race track. Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola valida (1) 2 Mindo Valley 13.4. A common species seemingly spreading from the western lowlands. Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus saturatus (1) 1 heard Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. Heard singing from the canopy tower. Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus maximus (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. Fairly common in foothills and lowlands. Visiting the feeders at Amagusa. Black-winged Saltator Saltator atripennis (3) Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4.

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At Amagusa this species perched frequently near the feeders but remained shy. Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina peruviensis (3) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, en route 10.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Mindo Valley 13.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites in the west. Variable Seedeater Sporophila corvina ophthalmica (4) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Septimo Paraiso, N of Mindo 13.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites in the west. Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis olivacea (4) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4, Amagusa Reserve, Mashpi area 11.4, Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4 and Mindo Valley 13.4. A common and widespread species seen at various sites in the west. Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris (1) 2 Loreto Road 18.4. A pair was seen at the Cliff Flycatcher spot. Thick-billed Seed Finch Oryzoborus funereus aethiops (1) Rio Silanche Bird Sanctuary 12.4. A single male was seen along the entry road. Formerly called Lesser Seed Finch. Band-tailed Seedeater Catamenia analis soderstromi (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and The Shrine, Calacalí 13.4. Nice views of this yellow-billed seedeater in the inter-Andean valley. Plain-colored Seedeater Catamenia inornata minor (2) Yanacocha 8.4 and Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. A rather drab-looking seedeater seen well in the highlands. Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus pusillus (1) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4. Seen nicely at the farm where we had lunch. Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscurus pauper (2) Oilbird Cave. Pacto-Gualéa road 10.4 and Mindo Valley 13.4. As the name suggests, not a very exciting species.

Cardinals and Allies Cardinalidae White-winged Tanager Piranga leucoptera ardens (1) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4. Singing next to the Cock-of-the-Rock hide. A handsome species seen by only a few observers. Ochre-breasted Tanager Chlorothraupis stolzmanni stolzmanni (2) Pacto-Pachijal road 11.4 and Milpe Bird Sanctuary 13.4. A fairly drab Chocó endemic seen in the foothills of the west. Golden Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysogaster chrysogaster (1) Quito Airport Pond 13.4. A beautiful male was scoped at the airport pond. Sometimes named Southern Yellow Grosbeak.

Mammals (5 in total: 5 seen) Status codes: E = Endemic, NE = Near-endemic, I = Introduced IUCN codes: CR = Critically endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EW = Extinct in

Trip Report – RBL Ecuador - Northern 2017 54 the Wild, NT = Near Threatened, DD = Data Deficient

Rabbits, Hares Leporidae Tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis (3) Yanacocha 8.4, Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Brazilian Rabbit. Seen at several sites in the highlands.

Squirrels Sciuridae Red-tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis (3) Refugio Paz de las Aves 10.4, Cabañas San Isidro 16.4 and Cabañas San Isidro 17.4. Commonly seen in the subtropics of both slopes.

Bears, Giant Panda Ursidae Spectacled Bear Tremarctos ornatus (1) 2 Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4. Fantastic scope views of two bears in front of Tambo Condor! A very rare sighting and probably the rarest of the entire tour!

Weasels, Skunks, Otters Mustelidae Tayra Eira barbara (1) Reserva Las Gralarias 9.4. A spectacular adult came in to steal the bananas at Las Gralarias. An exceptional sight!

Deer Cervidae White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus gymnotis (2) Antisana Ecological Reserve 14.4 and Papallacta Pass 16.4. Seen well at two sites above the treeline.

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