DOCSLIB.ORG

BIOCLIM Deliverable D2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

2002 Deliverable D2: Modelling Sequential Biosphere Systems Consolidation of Needs under Climate Change for Radioactive of the European Waste Waste Disposal EC-CONTRACT : FIKW-CT-2000-00024 Management Agencies and the Regulator of the Consortium Work package 1: Site-specific and palaeo environmental data Foreword The BIOCLIM project (Modelling Sequential BIOsphere systems under CLIMate change for Radioactive Waste Disposal) is part of the EURATOM fifth European framework programme. The project was launched in October 2000 for a three-year period. The project aims to provide a scientific basis and practical methodology for assessing the possible long-term implications of climate and environmental change on the safety of radioactive waste repositories in deep geological formations. Five work packages have been identified to fulfil the project objectives: Work package 1 consolidates the needs of the European agencies belonging to the consortium and summarises how environmental change is currently treated in performance assessment. Work packages 2 and 3 are concerned with the development of two innovative and complementary strategies for representing time series of long term climate change, based on (a) a detailed mechanistic analysis of the regional implications of specific ‘snapshots’ of projected global climate conditions at selected times (the hierarchical strategy) and (b) empirical downscaling of continuous projections of global climate change over the next glacial-interglacial cycle and beyond (the integrated strategy). Work package 4 explores and evaluates the potential effects of projected climate change on the nature of biosphere systems associated with identified regions in Europe, taking into account their possible implications for the long-term safety performance of hypothetical radioactive waste disposal systems. Work package 5 is concerned with the final dissemination of the results obtained from the three-year project among the international community. The project brings together representatives from European agencies with national responsibilities for the safe management and disposal of radioactive waste, either as waste management agencies or regulators, together with a number of highly experienced climate research teams. The participating organisations and their representatives are listed below. • Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (Andra), France M. Calvez, J. Brulhet • Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/ Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (CEA/LSCE) France - N. de Noblet, D. Paillard • United Kingdom Nirex Limited (NIREX), UK - P. Degnan • Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit mbH (GRS), Germany - A. Becker • Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radioactivos S.A. (ENRESA), Spain - A. Cortes • Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Spain - P. Pinedo, F. Recreo, A. Aguero, C. Ruiz, L. Lomba • Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas (UPM-ETSIMM), Spain - T. Torres, M. Lucini, J.E. Ortiz • Nuclear Research Institute Rez, plc - Ustav jaderneho vyzkumu Rez a.s. (NRI), Czech Republic - A. Laciok • Université catholique de Louvain/ Institut d’Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL/ASTR), Belgium - A. Berger, M.-F. Loutre • The Environment Agency of England and Wales (EA), UK - R. Yearsley, N. Reynard • University of East Anglia (UEA), UK - C. Goodess, J. Palutikof RESTRICTED • ENVIROS QuantiSci, UK - B. Watkins, M. Egan ‘All property rights and copyrights are reserved. Any communication or reproduction of this document, and any communication or use of its For this deliverable the main contributors are the waste management agencies (Andra, Nirex, GRS, ENRESA, NRI), the regulator (EA) and the consultant content without explicit authorization is prohibited. Any infringement to this rule is illegal and entitles to claim damages from the infringer, company (Enviros QuantiSci). Note that M. C. Thorne and Associates Limited and V. Cilek (Institute of Geology, Czech Republic) also contributed to this without prejudice to any other right incase of granting a patent of registration in the field or intellectual property.’ document as subcontractors to Nirex and NRI, respectively. BIOCLIM, Deliverable D2 Contents List 3 - Palaeodata for France 39 1- Introduction 9 3.1 - The palaeoclimatic context of Eastern France 39 1.1 - Background and Objectives 9 3.1.1 Reference Data 39 1.2 - Approach 11 3.1.1.1 Glacial advances 39 1.3 - Calibration of Timeframes 13 3.1.1.2 Climatic records 39 3.1.1.3 Synthesis 40 3.1.2 Environmental Change during the Last Climatic Cycle 42 2 - Present-day characteristics of selected regions/sites 16 3.1.3 Periglacial Phenomena occuring during Cold Stages 45 2.1 - France 16 3.2 - Vegetation Reconstruction for the French Site 45 2.1.1 Site Location and Geology 17 3.2.1 Bibliographic Data from 400 000 years BP 45 2.1.2 Human Communities and Land Use 18 3.2.1.1 Recent data from the Grande Pile (Vosges) 45 2.1.3 Topography 18 3.2.1.2 The Velay Sequence 48 2.1.4 Climate 19 3.2.1.3 Pollen data near the site during the last glacial cycle 50 2.1.5 Lithostratigraphy 19 3.2.2 Original Data from 16 000 years BP 51 2.1.6 Surface Water Bodies 19 3.3 - Landform Change 53 2.1.7 Biota 20 3.3.1 Development of Permafrost 53 3.3.2 Landscape and Soil Evolution during a Climatic Cycle 55 2.2 - Spain 20 2.2.1 Cùllar-BazaBasin 20 3.4 - Summary of Meuse/Haute-Marne Site Palaeoenvironmental Records 57 2.2.1.1 Site Location and Geology 20 2.2.1.2 Topography 22 2.2.1.3 Lithostratigraphy 22 4 - Palaeodata for Spain 58 2.2.1.4 Climate 23 4.1 - Cullar-Baza Basin 58 2.2.1.5 Surface Water Bodies 23 4.2 - Padul Peat Bog 60 2.2.1.6 Biota 23 4.3 - Toledo area 62 2.2.2 Padul Peat Bog 23 4.4 - Quaternary Climate Stages for the South of Spain 63 2.2.2.1 Site Location and Geology 23 4.4.1 Introduction 63 2.2.2.2 Human Communities and Land Use 25 4.4.2 Palaeoclimatic Reconstruction from Padul Data 64 2.2.2.3 Topography 25 4.4.3 Palaeoclimatic Reconstruction from the Cúllar-Baza Basin Data 67 2.2.2.4 Climate 25 4.4.4 Reconstruction of Sequences of Change during the Last Climatic Cycle 68 2.2.2.5 Lithostratigraphy 25 4.5 - Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions for the Toledo Area 71 2.2.2.6 Surface Water Bodies 27 4.5.1 Quaternary Climatology 71 2.2.2.7 Biota 27 4.5.2 Geology and Hydrology 72 4.5.3 Vegetation 74 2.2.3 Toledo Area 27 2.2.3.1 Site Location and Geology 27 4.6 - Characterisation of Palaeoenvironments in Spain 75 2.2.3.2 Topography 28 2.2.3.3 Lithostratigraphy 28 2.2.3.4 Climate 28 5 - Palaeodata for Central England 79 2.2.3.5 Surface Water Bodies 28 5.1 - British Nomenclature for Quaternary Stages 79 2.2.3.6 Biota 29 5.2 - Climate characterisation 80 2.3 - United Kingdom 29 5.2.1 The Eemian and Early Weichselian (c. 120 ka BP onward 80 5.2.2 The Middle Weichselian Pleniglacial (41-38 ka BP) 82 2.3.1 Location, Geology, Topography and Quaternary Lithostratigraphy 29 5.2.3 The Late Glacial (Late Weichselian) to Holocene Transition (22 – 9 ka BP) 83 2.3.2 Land Use, Soils and Biota 31 5.2.4 The Holocene Thermal Optimum (6 ka BP) 86 2.3.3 Climate 35 5.2.5 Summary of the Sequence of Late Quaternary Climate Stages in Central England 87 2.3.4 Surface and Near-surface Hydrology 37 BIOCLIM, Deliverable D2 BIOCLIM, Deliverable D2 Summary p. 6/7 5.3 - Vegetational Characteristics 90 5.4 - Geology and Hydrogeology 91 5.4.1 Valley Incision and Erosion Rates 91 5.4.2 Soil Development and Hydrogeology 93 he nature of long-lived radioactive wastes is that information collated in this report for three of these 5.5 - Conclusions 94 they present a radiological hazard over a period countries (France, Spain and the United Kingdom) will T of time that is extremely long compared with the be used within BIOCLIM to guide the development of timescale over which the engineered protection downscaling rules for regional climate characteristics 6 - References 96 systems and institutional management of a disposal, or and thereby to provide a basis for linking climate model Appendix A: Narrative description and palaeodata for the long-term storage, facility can be guaranteed. Safety output to system descriptions required for the purposes assessments for potential deep repositories need long-term safety assessment. Czech Republic (Central Europe) 108 to be able to provide indicators of safety performance A.1 - Introduction 109 over time periods of hundreds of thousands of years. In each case, the description begins with a summary of A.2 - State of the Palaeoclimatological art on the area of Czech Republic 110 On such timescales, it is generally assumed that the present-day characteristics of the regions/sites of A.3 - Methods 111 radionuclides may be slowly released from the interest, categorised under the following headings: A.4 - Pleistocene climate and environment 111 containment system, migrating via geosphere pathways •site location and the geology of the region; A4 - 1 Introduction 111 until they reach the accessible environment. Hence, •human communities and land use; A4 - 2 Pleistocene ice ages 112 there is a need to study the evolution of the •topography; A4 - 3 Cyclicity 113 environment external to the disposal system and the •climate; A4 - 4 Abrupt climatic changes 113 ways in which this might impact on its long-term •lithostratigraphy; A4 - 5 Pleistocene palaeometeorology 114 radiological safety performance, for example in terms •surface water bodies; and A4 - 6 The extent of continental glaciations 115 of influences on the migration and accumulation of A4 - 7 Permafrost distribution 116 radionuclides.
Recommended publications
  • The Last Maximum Ice Extent and Subsequent Deglaciation of the Pyrenees: an Overview of Recent Research

    The Last Maximum Ice Extent and Subsequent Deglaciation of the Pyrenees: an Overview of Recent Research

    Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2015 Nº 41 (2) pp. 359-387 ISSN 0211-6820 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2708 © Universidad de La Rioja THE LAST MAXIMUM ICE EXTENT AND SUBSEQUENT DEGLACIATION OF THE PYRENEES: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT RESEARCH M. DELMAS Université de Perpignan-Via Domitia, UMR 7194 CNRS, Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique, 52 avenue Paul Alduy 66860 Perpignan, France. ABSTRACT. This paper reviews data currently available on the glacial fluctuations that occurred in the Pyrenees between the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) and the beginning of the Holocene. It puts the studies published since the end of the 19th century in a historical perspective and focuses on how the methods of investigation used by successive generations of authors led them to paleogeographic and chronologic conclusions that for a time were antagonistic and later became complementary. The inventory and mapping of the ice-marginal deposits has allowed several glacial stades to be identified, and the successive ice boundaries to be outlined. Meanwhile, the weathering grade of moraines and glaciofluvial deposits has allowed Würmian glacial deposits to be distinguished from pre-Würmian ones, and has thus allowed the Würmian Maximum Ice Extent (MIE) –i.e. the starting point of the last deglaciation– to be clearly located. During the 1980s, 14C dating of glaciolacustrine sequences began to indirectly document the timing of the glacial stades responsible for the adjacent frontal or lateral moraines. Over the last decade, in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 36Cl) have been documenting the deglaciation process more directly because the data are obtained from glacial landforms or deposits such as boulders embedded in frontal or lateral moraines, or ice- polished rock surfaces.
  • Pleistocene Rodents of the British Isles

    Pleistocene Rodents of the British Isles

    PLEISTOCENE RODENTS OF THE BRITISH ISLES BY ANTONY JOHN SUTCLIFFE British Museum (Natural History), London AND KAZIMIERZ KOWALSKI Institute of Systematic and Experimental Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Pp. 31-147 ; 31 Text-figures ; 13 Tables BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) GEOLOGY Vol. 27 No. 2 LONDON: 1976 THE BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM (natural history), instituted in 1949, is issued in five series corresponding to the Scientific Departments of the Museum, and an Historical series. Parts will appear at irregular intervals as they become ready. Volumes will contain about three or four hundred pages, and will not necessarily be completed within one calendar year. In 1965 a separate supplementary series of longer papers was instituted, numbered serially for each Department. This paper is Vol. 27, No. 2, of the Geological [Palaeontological) series. The abbreviated titles of periodicals cited follow those of the World List of Scientific Periodicals. World List abbreviation : Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Geol. ISSN 0007-1471 Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), 1976 BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) Issued 29 July, 1976 Price £7.40 . PLEISTOCENE RODENTS OF THE BRITISH ISLES By A. J. SUTCLIFFE & K. KOWALSKI CONTENTS Page Synopsis ........ 35 I. Introduction ....... 36 A. History of Studies ..... 37 B. The Geological Background .... 40 II. Localities in the British Isles with fossil rodents 42 A. Deposits OF East Anglia . .... 42 (i) Red Crag 43 (ii) Icenian Crag ....... 43 (iii) Cromer Forest Bed Series ..... 46 (a) Pastonian of East Runton and Happisburgh 47 (b) Beestonian ...... 48 (c) Cromerian, sensu stricto .... 48 (d) Anglian ......
  • Debits Caracteristiques En M3/S Debits Naturels Reconstitues

    Debits Caracteristiques En M3/S Debits Naturels Reconstitues

    © 2000 AGENCE DE L'EAU RHIN-MEUSE BASSIN: RHIN DELEGATION DE BASSIN RHIN - MEUSE Tous droits réservés RIVIERE: MOSELLE CODE HYDRO: A7-A8--006 DEBITS CARACTERISTIQUES EN M3/S DEBITS NATURELS RECONSTITUES Zone Identification du point P.K.H Surface du Module Débits mensuels d'étiage (m3/s) hydro B.V. en km² (m3/s) F 1/2 F 1/5 F 1/10 A 700 La Moselle à l'aval du confluent de la Meurthe 654.92 6791.5 110 23.7 16.5 13.7 La Moselle à l'amont du confluent de la Mauchère 655.53 6794.0 110 23.7 16.5 13.7 La Mauchère 26.0 0.215 0.021 0.014 0.011 La Moselle à l'aval du confluent de la Mauchère 655.23 6820.0 110 23.7 16.5 13.7 (limite des zones A700 et A701) A 701 La Moselle à la station hydrométrique de Custines 656.67 6829.0 110 23.8 16.6 13.7 La Moselle à l'amont du confluent de la Natagne 665.67 6881.0 111 24.1 16.7 13.8 (limite des zones A701, A702 et A703) A 702 La Natagne 29.4 0.220 0.004 0.002 0.002 A 703 La Moselle à l'aval du confluent de la Natagne 665.67 6910.4 111 24.1 16.7 13.8 La Moselle à l'amont du confluent de l'Esche (limite des 670.90 6928.4 112 24.2 16.7 13.8 zones A703, A712 et A720) A 71- L'Esche 239.3 1.53 0.150 0.080 0.058 A 720 La Moselle à l'aval du confluent de l'Esche 670.90 7167.7 113 24.4 16.8 13.8 La Moselle à l'amont du confluent du ruisseau de Trey 679.68 7228.3 114 24.7 16.9 13.9 (limite des zones A720, A721 et A722) A 721 Le Trey 39.8 0.345 0.070 0.049 0.041 A 722 La Moselle à l'aval du confluent du ruisseau de Trey 679.68 7268.1 114 24.8 16.9 13.9 La Moselle à l'amont du confluent du Rupt de Mad 685.46 7303.8 115
  • Third Division World War II Vol One.Pdf

    Third Division World War II Vol One.Pdf

    THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY VOLUME ONE 'IVG. WILLIAM MOHR THE VICTORY PATH THROUGH FRANCE AND GERMANY THIRD INFANTRY DIVISION - WORLD WAR II VOLUME ONE A PICTORIAL ACCOUNT BY G. WILLIAM MOHR ABOUT THE COVER There is nothing in front of the Infantry in battle except the enemy. The Infantry leads the way to attack and bears the brunt of the enemy's attack. The primary purpose of the Infan­ try is to close with the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. On the side of a house, tommy gunners of this Infantry patrol, 1st Special Service Froce Patrol, one of the many patrols that made possible the present offensive in Italy by feeling out the enemy and discovering his defensive strength, fire from the window of an adjoining building to blast Nazis out. The scene is 400 yards from the enemy lines in the Anzio area, Italy. Fifth Army, 14 April, 1944. The 3rd Infantry Division suffered 27,450 casualties and 4,922 were killed in action. 2 - Yellow Beach, Southern France, August, 1944 3 - Marseilles, France, August, 1944 4 - Montelimar, France, August, 1944 5 - Cavailair, France, August, 1944 6 - Avignon, France, August, 1944 7 - Lacroix, France, August, 1944 8 - Brignolles, France, August, 1944 9 -Aix-En-Provence, France, August, 1944 12 - St. Loup, France, August, 1944 13 - La Coucounde, France, August, 1944 14 - Les Loges Neut, France, August, 1944 15 - Besancon, France, September, 1944 18 - Loue River, Ornans, France, September, 1944 19 - Avonne, France, Septem&er, 1944 20 - Lons Le Sounier, France, September, 1944 21 - Les Belles-Baroques, France, September, 1944 22 - St.
  • OUGS Journal 32

    OUGS Journal 32

    Open University Geological Society Journal Volume 32 (1–2) 2011 Editor: Dr David M. Jones e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Journal Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 0143-9472 © Copyright reserved OUGS Journal 32 (1–2) Edition 2011, printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Committee of the Open University Geological Society 2011 Society Website: ougs.org Executive Committee President: Dr Dave McGarvie, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Chairman: Linda Fowler Secretary: Sue Vernon, Treasurer: John Gooch Membership Secretary: Phyllis Turkington Newsletter Editor: Karen Scott Events Officer: Chris Arkwright Information Officer: vacant at time of going to press Branch Organisers East Anglia (EAn): Wendy Hamilton East Midlands (EMi): Don Cameron East Scotland (ESc): Stuart Swales Ireland (Ire): John Leahy London (Lon): Jenny Parry Mainland Europe (Eur): Elisabeth d'Eyrames Northumbria (Nor): Paul Williams North West (NWe): Mrs Jane Schollick Oxford (Oxf): Sally Munnings Severnside (Ssi): Janet Hiscott South East (SEa): Elizabeth Boucher South West (SWe): Chris Popham Walton Hall (WHa): Tom Miller Wessex (Wsx): Sheila Alderman West Midlands (WMi): Linda Tonkin West Scotland (WSc): Jacqueline Wiles Yorkshire (Yor): Geoff Hopkins Other officers (non-OUGSC voting unless otherwise indicated) Sales Administrator (voting OUGSC member ): vacant at time of going to press Administrator: Don Cameron Minutes Secretary: Pauline Kirtley Journal Editor: Dr David M. Jones Archivist/Reviews: Jane Michael Webmaster: Stuart Swales Deputy Webmaster: Martin Bryan Gift Aid Officer: Ann Goundry OUSA Representative: Capt.
  • Unit 7 Cenozoic Era with Special Reference to Quaternary Period

    Unit 7 Cenozoic Era with Special Reference to Quaternary Period

    UNIT 7 CENOZOIC ERA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO QUATERNARY PERIOD Contents 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Position of Cenozoic in the Geologic Time Scale 7.2 Chronology of Cenozoic Era 7.3 Quaternary Period and Pleistocene Glaciations 7.4 Evidences of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.5 Pluvials and Inter-pluvials 7.6 Causes of Pleistocene Glaciations 7.7 Summary 7.8 References 7.9 Answers to Check your Progress Learning Objectives Once you have studied this unit, you should be able to: Know the chronology and position of Cenozoic Era in Geological Time Scale; Understand different periods of Cenozoic Era; Study various glaciation and inter glaciation phases; and Discuss the causes of Pleistocene climatic change 7.0 INTRODUCTION The Cenozoic Era is also known as Caenozoic or Cainozoic. Cenozoic literally means ‘new life’ after the Greek roots ‘kainos’ meaning ‘new’ and ‘zoico’ meaning ‘animal life’. The Cenozoic Era is of substantial interest for anthropologists since the evolution and diversification of fossil primates, including humans, took place during this era. Besides primates, a significant portion of the evolution and radiation of various groups of mammals also happened during the Cenozoic. It is for this reason that sometimes the Cenozoic is also termed as the ‘Age of Mammals’ who were the dominant animal life of earth during the Cenozoic Era. The era began about 65 million years ago and continues into the present. The existing locations of the continents and the distribution of current flora and fauna acquired its present-day configuration during this time period. The era began at the end of Cretaceous, the last phase of the Mesozoic.
  • Pleistocene - History of Earth's Climate

    Pleistocene - History of Earth's Climate

    Pleistocene - History of Earth's climate http://www.dandebat.dk/eng-klima5.htm History of Earth's Climate 5. - Cenozoic II - Pleistocene Home DH-Debate 4. Tertiary Introduction - The Pleistocene Ice Ages - The climate in the ice-free part of the World - During Last Glacial Maximum, the World became cold and 6. End of Pleistocene dusty - Temperature and CO2 - Milankovic Astronomical Climate Theory - Interglacials and other warm Periods - The Super volcano Toba - Links og literature Introduction Pleistocene is the period in Earth's history that we commonly refer to as the Ice Age. Through much of this period, the Earth's northern and southern regions were covered by kilometer thick glaciers. It is important to recognize that the Pleistocene was a series of real ice ages, separated by relatively short interglacial periods. The Pleistocene started 2.6 million years ago and lasted until the termination of the Weichsel glaciation about 11,711 years ago. Timeline of Earth's geological periods. Time progresses from right to left. The glowing inferno just after Earth was formed is named Hadean. In Archean water condensed and an atmosphere of nitrogen and methane was formed together with the first rocks that we know about. In Proterozoic cyano bacteria produced oxygen, which oxidized iron and methane, in the end of the period life emerged on the seabed. Phanerozoic represents the era in which there have been visible tangible life. It is divided in Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Paleozoic was the period of early life. Mesozoic was the time of the dinosaurs, and Cenozoic is the era of mammals, which latter further is divided into Tertiary and Quaternary.
  • 13. Late Pliocene-Pleistocene Glaciation

    13. Late Pliocene-Pleistocene Glaciation

    13. LATE PLIOCENE - PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION W. A. Berggren, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts The discussion in this chapter is broken down into two increase in the former exceeding that of the latter; or parts: the first deals with glaciation in the North Atlantic as (v) less detritals, clay and carbonate deposited per unit time revealed in the data obtained on Leg 12; in the second part (that is, decreased sedimentation rate) with the decrease in an attempt is made to provide a chronologic framework of the latter exceeding the former. In view of the demon- Late Pliocene-Pleistocene glaciation and to correlate gla- strable increase in sedimentation rate above the preglacial/ cial/interglacial sequences as recorded in land and deep-sea glacial boundary at Sites 111, 112 and 116 due to increased sediments. amounts of detrital minerals and the fact that glacial periods in high latitudes are characterized by a carbonate GLACIATION IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC minimum (Mclntyre et al., in press) it can be seen that the One of the most significant aspects of Leg 12 was the correct explanation for the increase in natural gamma activ- various results which were obtained regarding glaciation in ity in the glacial part of the section is rather complex. Thin the North Atlantic. Glacial sediments were encountered at bands of carbonate were found at various levels intercalated all sites in the North Atlantic with the exception of Site with detrital-rich clays which indicates interglacial intervals, 117 (for the purpose of this discussion the North Atlantic so that the correct explanation probably lies with (iii) encompasses Sites 111 through 117; Sites 118 and 119 are above.
  • Bricker Hits Dewey Going Yanks Gain Talk on Courts Court Packing to Pittsburgh SAN FRANCISCO

    Bricker Hits Dewey Going Yanks Gain Talk on Courts Court Packing to Pittsburgh SAN FRANCISCO

    DETROIT SUNDAY TIMES f TODAY'S WAR MAPS: CLOSING IN ON JAPAN I, Page 2 -Oct. 15, 1944 Text of Bricker s Bricker Hits Dewey Going Yanks Gain Talk on Courts Court Packing To Pittsburgh SAN FRANCISCO. Oct. 14—The condensed text of a speech, delivered by Gov. Bricker at the Civic Auditorium Says 22,000,000 GOP Will Deliver Major Inside Aachen her* tonight, follows: Voters Disfranchised Speech There Oct. 20 Infantry, Bazookas In 1937, the New Deal President undertook to "pack" the U. S. Supreme Court. SAN FRANCISCO. Oct. 14 ALBANY, Oct. 14 <INS>—Gov. Mopping Up City The entire nation was shocked. (INS)—Gov, Bricker of Ohio Dewey today underscored the im- "The packing” plan of 1937 failed in the letter but succeeded charged tonight that the New- portance of 35 in the the in SUPREME HQ., AE F. spirit of attempt. Deal “now is firmly in control of electoral votes the November In a fireside chat on June 24, 1938, Mr. Roosevelt boasted election by consenting to deliver FRANCE. Oct. 14 (INS)—U. S. the federal judiciary of the coun- that all legislative objectives of his proposal had been achieved. a major speech at Pittsburgh on infantry and bazooka team*, blow- try." That and even more is literally true. Friday, Oct. 20. up whole blocks of bomb- The Republican candidate for York governor will ing The first consequence is that the New now is firmly in The New ruined buildings to obliterate Deal vice president leveled a blistering speak over an NBC network from control of the federal judiciary of the To make this attack on President Roosts Hi for p.
  • Edinburgh Geologist No. 31. Autumn 1998

    Edinburgh Geologist No. 31. Autumn 1998

    The Edinburgh Geologist Magazina of tho Edinburgh Gaological Soclaly Issue No. 31 Autumn 1998 Incorporating the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Geological Society for the 163rd Session 1996·1997 THE EDINBURGH GEOLOGIST Issue No. 31 Autumn 1998 Cover Illustration The cover illustration shows a drawing of Hemiarges iflghami, a trilobite from the Ordovician Stinchar Limestone ncar Girvan. This species lived along the coast of Laurentia, but found Avalonia a bit on the cool side. (see article by Phil SlOne, 'The Geology of Devolution' on page 8) The drawing is taken from a paper by R P Tripp (Pa laeolltology, 1979, Vol. 22, 339-361) and is reproduced by kind permission of the Palaeontological Association. Acknowledgements Publication of THE EDINBURGH GEOWGIST is supported by grants from the Peach and Horne Memorial Fund and the Sime Bequest Published October 1998 by The Edinburgh Geological Society Editor Alan Fyfe British Geological Survey Murchison Hou se Edinburgh EH93LA ISSN 0265-7244 Price £ 1.50 net Editorial by Alan Fyfc It is my pleasure to have been appointed as the editor of THE EDINBURGH GEOLOGIST and to welcome you to the thirty-first edition. I follow a long line of illustrious editors and hope that I am able to maintain the standard of the publication. My thanks are due to the outgoing editor, Andrew Highton for filling me in on the pitfalls and helping to get me started. This issue sees a slightly altered format, though the changes are largely cosmetic and I have attempted to maintain the general look and feel that has evolved over the years.
  • Dsdp42pt2 Index.Pdf

    Dsdp42pt2 Index.Pdf

    INDEX Absorption chromatography, bitumoids, 683 Azov, Sea of, Caspibraackish ostracodes from, 1039 Acritarchs, 993 Background and objectives, Site 379, 30 Aegean Sea, present-day salinity values, 643 Site 380, 120 Afig Formation, 1208 Site 381, 294 Age determinations based on pollen, 515 Bacteria, sulfate-reducing, 767 radiocarbon values, 627 Bacterial activity, carbon dioxide reduction, 673 varves, 483 controlled by methane production, 649 Algerian continental margin, 1181 Bacterial densities in Black Sea sediments, 769 Algerian shelf, tectonic activity, 1181 Bacterial sulfate reduction, depositional environment of, 625 Alkaline metal content, Black Sea sediments, 597 Balearic Basin, 1100 Alkanes, 697 Barite, 423 Alloisoleucine-isoleucine ratios, dependence on deposi- Bathymetry, Black Sea, 360, 1043 tional environment, 700 Belaya River, 413 Alpha cold period, 30, 41, 147, 299, 997 Benthic foraminifers from sediments of western shelf, Black Alpha glacial stage, 133, 513, 516 Sea, 783 Aluminosilicates, Hole 379A, 531 Benthic foraminifers, as salinity indicators, 493 Amino acid abundances, effect of depth on, 699 Hole 380, 146 Effects of reducing and oxidizing environment on, 699 Site 381, 298 Hole 379A, 699, 704, 727 Benthic ostracodes from Lake Erie, 1039 Hole 380A, 699 Benthic ostracodes from Great Lakes, 1039 Site 381, 699, 727 Benzene, 673 temporal variations in, 699 Bering Sea sediments, 744 Amino acids, 725, 1176 Bet Guvrin formation, 1197 Amino acids in Black Sea sediment samples, 698 description of, 1201 Amorphous silica, geochemistry
  • The Dalradian Rocks of the North-East Grampian Highlands of Scotland

    The Dalradian Rocks of the North-East Grampian Highlands of Scotland

    Revised Manuscript 8/7/12 Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 5 The Dalradian rocks of the north-east Grampian 6 7 Highlands of Scotland 8 9 D. Stephenson, J.R. Mendum, D.J. Fettes, C.G. Smith, D. Gould, 10 11 P.W.G. Tanner and R.A. Smith 12 13 * David Stephenson British Geological Survey, Murchison House, 14 West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA. 15 [email protected] 16 0131 650 0323 17 John R. Mendum British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West 18 Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA. 19 Douglas J. Fettes British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West 20 Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA. 21 C. Graham Smith Border Geo-Science, 1 Caplaw Way, Penicuik, 22 Midlothian EH26 9JE; formerly British Geological Survey, Edinburgh. 23 David Gould formerly British Geological Survey, Edinburgh. 24 P.W. Geoff Tanner Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, 25 University of Glasgow, Gregory Building, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow 26 27 G12 8QQ. 28 Richard A. Smith formerly British Geological Survey, Edinburgh. 29 30 * Corresponding author 31 32 Keywords: 33 Geological Conservation Review 34 North-east Grampian Highlands 35 Dalradian Supergroup 36 Lithostratigraphy 37 Structural geology 38 Metamorphism 39 40 41 ABSTRACT 42 43 The North-east Grampian Highlands, as described here, are bounded 44 to the north-west by the Grampian Group outcrop of the Northern 45 Grampian Highlands and to the south by the Southern Highland Group 46 outcrop in the Highland Border region. The Dalradian succession 47 therefore encompasses the whole of the Appin and Argyll groups, but 48 also includes an extensive outlier of Southern Highland Group 49 strata in the north of the region.