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4. EFFECTS on VISUAL AMENITY the Effects on Visual Amenity

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4. EFFECTS on VISUAL AMENITY the Effects on Visual Amenity Endurance Estates Land Promotion Ltd Land to the East of Parsonage Road, Takeley Appendix 1 LVIA Methodology 4. EFFECTS ON VISUAL AMENITY The effects on visual amenity considers the changes in views arising from the proposals in relation to visual receptors including settlements, residential properties, transport routes, recreational facilities and attractions; and representative viewpoints or specific locations within the study area as agreed with the Local Planning Authority. Sensitivity of Visual Receptors Sensitivity is determined by a combination of the value that is attached to a view and the susceptibility of the visual receptor to changes in that view that would arise as a result of the proposals – see pages 113-114 of GLVIA3. Both value and susceptibility are assessed on a scale of high, medium or low. The criteria for assessing the value of views is shown in Table 6: Table 6, Criteria for assessing the value of views Views with high scenic value within designated landscapes including but not limited to World Heritage Sites, National Parks, Areas of HIGH Outstanding Natural Beauty, etc. Likely to include key viewpoints on OS maps or reference within guidebooks, provision of facilities, presence of interpretation boards, etc. Views with moderate scenic value within undesignated landscape including urban fringe and rural countryside. MEDIUM Views with unremarkable scenic value within undesignated landscape with partly degraded visual quality and detractors. LOW The criteria for assessing the susceptibility of views is shown in Table 7: Table 7, Criteria for assessing visual susceptibility Includes occupiers of residential properties and people engaged in HIGH recreational activities in the countryside using public rights of way (PROW). Includes people engaged in outdoor sporting activities and people MEDIUM travelling through the landscape on minor roads and trains. People along PRoWs within urban environment. June 2021 | RCH | P20-1461EN Page |7 Endurance Estates Land Promotion Ltd Land to the East of Parsonage Road, Takeley Appendix 1 LVIA Methodology Includes people at places of work e.g. industrial and commercial premises and people travelling through the landscape on major roads LOW and motorways. People travelling along residential roads in urban environment. Magnitude of Change on Visual Receptors Professional judgement has been used to determine the magnitude change on visual receptors as shown in Table 8: Table 8, Criteria for assessing magnitude of change for visual receptors Major change in the view that has a defining influence on the overall HIGH view with many visual receptors affected. Some change in the view that is clearly visible and forms an MEDIUM important but not defining element in the view. Some change in the view that is appreciable with few visual receptors LOW affected. NEGLIGIBLE No notable change in the view. 5. DEGREE OF LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL EFFECTS The degree of effects are professional judgements based upon all the factors in terms of landscape and visual sensitivity and the magnitude of change arising from the proposals. The cross referencing of landscape and visual sensitivity and the magnitude of change determines the overall degree of effects as shown in Table 9: Table 9, Degree of landscape and visual effects Sensitivity High Medium Low Negligible High Major Major Moderate Negligible Minor to Medium Major Moderate Negligible Moderate Minor to Low Moderate Minor Negligible Change Magnitudeof Moderate June 2021 | RCH | P20-1461EN Page |8 Endurance Estates Land Promotion Ltd Land to the East of Parsonage Road, Takeley Appendix 1 LVIA Methodology Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible 6. NATURE OF EFFECTS GLVIA3 includes an entry that states “effects can be described as positive or negative (or in some cases neutral) in their consequences for views and visual amenity.”7 Unless specifically stated all effects are adverse. 7 Para 6.29, Page 113, GLVIA, 3rd Edition June 2021 | RCH | P20-1461EN Page |9 APPENDIX 2 ESSEX LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT 2003 - EXTRACT JULY 2021 | RCH | P20-1461EN Essex & Southend-on-Sea Replacement Structure Plan Review ESSEX LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT Final Report 2003 CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES Environment Landscape Planning PAGE Preface i Executive Summary ii User’s Guide iii CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Study Context 1 1.3 Study Objectives 3 1.4 Approach and Methodology 3 2.0 EVOLUTION OF THE LANDSCAPE 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Physical and Cultural Influences 9 2.3 Historic Landscape 16 2.4 Planning Policy Framework 18 3.0 LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATION 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Regional Character Areas 27 3.3 Landscape Character Types 30 3.4 Landscape Character Areas 31 3.5 District Level Assessments 35 4.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER PROFILES 37 4.1 Introduction 37 4.2 Chalk Upland Landscapes (A) 38 North West Essex Chalk Farmland (A1) 4.3 Glacial Till Plateau Landscapes (B) 45 Central Essex Farmlands (B1) North Essex Farmlands (B2) Blackwater and Stour Farmlands (B3) Gosfield Wooded Farmlands (B4) 4.4 River Valley Landscapes (C) 67 Cam Valley (C1) Page iv 1179902R Essex LCA Final Report_07-02 Stort Valley (C2) Lee Valley (C3) Roding Valley (C4) Chelmer Valley (C5) Blackwater/Brain/Lower Chelmer Valleys (C6) Colne Valley (C7) Stour Valley (C8) 4.5 Wooded Hill and Ridge Landscapes (D) 111 Epping Forest and Ridges (D1)] Brentwood Hills (D2) Danbury Hills (D3) Tiptree Ridge (D4) 4.6 London Clay Landscapes (E) 134 South Essex Farmland (E1) South Colchester Farmlands (E2) Tendring Plain (E3) North Colchester Farmlands (E4) 4.7 Coastal Landscapes (F) 155 Thames Estuary (F1) Crouch & Roach Farmland (F2) Dengie and Foulness Coast (F3) Blackwater Estuary (F4) North Blackwater/Colne Coastal Farmlands (F5) Mersea Island (F6) Brightlingsea-Clacton-Frinton Coast (F7) Hamford Water (F8) Stour Estuary Slopes (F9) Stour Estuary (F10) 4.8 Urban Landscapes (G) 206 Harlow and Environs (G1) Chelmsford and Environs (G2) South Essex Coastal Towns (G3) Colchester and Environs (G4) 5.0 LANDSCAPE ISSUES IN ESSEX 229 5.1 Introduction 229 5.2 Countywide Landscape Issues 229 5.3 Landscape Character Type Issues 236 5.4 Landscape Character Area Issues 237 1179902R Essex LCA Final Report_07-02 Page v BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 APPENDICES A. Record of Stakeholder Involvement B. Summary Matrix of Sensitivity Evaluations FIGURES 1. Study Area & Context 2. Topography & Drainage 3. Geology 4. Soils 5. Planning Context 6. Regional Character Areas 7. Landscape Character Types 8. Landscape Character Areas 9. Tranquil Areas Page vi 1179902R Essex LCA Final Report_07-02 Page 34 EssexLCAFinalReport_07-02 1179902R fP gV eI gI vndspe2ghrter2ypes fQ pIH iR pW gU gP fR qR pV fI iQ gT gS iP hR pU pT pS qI pR vndspe2ghrter2eres qP gQ hQ pinlhrterreugQIFshp pRX22fveguei2i e gTX22fveguei8fesx2evvi fQX22fvegueiGy 2pewvexh hPX22fixyyh2rsvv pUX22fsqrvsxqieEgvegyxEpsxyx2gye iI gIX22gew2evvi fIX22gixev2ii2pewvexh gSX22grivwi2evvi hI gR qPX22grivwpyh282ixsyx qRX22gyvgrii282ixsyx gUX22gyvxi2evvi pPX22gy gr8yegr2pewvexh hP hQX22hexf 2rsvv pQX22hixqsi282py vxi2gye hIX22isxq2pyi282shqi fRX22qypsivh2yyhih2pewvexh pVX22rewpyh2ei pP pQ qIX22revy282ixsyx gQX22vii2evvi pTX22wiie2svexh pSX22xyr2fveguei282gyvxi2gyeev2pewvexh iRX22xyr2gyvgrii2pewvexh fPX22xyr2ii2pewvexh eIX22x2ii2grevu2pewvexh gRX22yhsxq2evvi qQ iPX22y r2gyvgrii2pewvexh rodued2y2ghris2flndford2essoites qQX22y r2ii2gyeev2yx iIX22y r2ii2pewvexh ht2soureX gPX22y2evvi vndspe2ype2ondry2sed2on2yrdnne2urvey2mppingF pIHX22y 2i e pWX22y 2i e2vyi gVX22y 2evvi eprodued2from2yrdnne2urey2mpping2with2the2permission pI iQX22ixhsxq2vesx of2rer2wjesty9s2ttionery2yffieF pIX22rewi2i e grown2gopright hRX22sii2shqi nXgisprojetsIIUWWHfigureslspejwFpr2@fig2U2vndspe hrter2res2ltA2HUGIVGPHHP IXQUSHHH Figure 8 - Landscape Character Areas 4.3 Glacial Till Plateau Landscapes (B) 4.3.1 The Glacial Till Plateau dominates the north and west of the study area, and is part of the extensive claylands that stretch from north Essex into south Suffolk and beyond. It is heavily dissected by the River Valley landscapes that cut into the boulder clay. 4.3.2 The key characteristics of this division can be summarised as: Gently undulating, glacial boulder clay (‘till’) plateau dissected by major river valleys. Predominantly arable, with some wooded areas and an irregular field pattern. Scattered farmsteads, hamlets and large villages, and relatively few towns. Historic buildings are frequent features in the landscape – these include timber-framed and colour-washed houses, and a rich selection of historic barns. Woodland blocks and hedgerows visually link together to form an often wooded skyline. Winding road pattern away from major routes, with verges and strong hedgerows. 4.3.3 Typical hedgerow species are Hawthorn, Blackthorn, Ash and Field Maple, with occasional Elm, Oak, Hazel, Dogwood, Elderberry. 4.3.4 The Glacial Till Plateau comprises four Landscape Character Areas within the study area: Central Essex Farmlands (B1) North Essex Farmlands (B2) Blackwater Farmlands/Stour Farmlands (B3) Gosfield Wooded Farmlands (B4) 1179902R Essex LCA Final Report_07-02 Page 45 4.3.5 Central Essex Farmlands (B1) Key Characteristics Irregular field pattern of mainly medium size arable fields, marked by sinuous hedgerows and ditches. Many small woods and copses provide structure and edges in the landscape. Scattered settlement pattern, with frequent small hamlets, typically with greens and ponds. A concentration of isolated moated farmsteads. Network of narrow, winding lanes. Mostly tranquil
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