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Bulletin of the Surgical History Group Papers from the 2017 Poster Competition

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Bulletin of the Surgical History Group Papers from the 2017 Poster Competition Bulletin of the Surgical History Group Papers from the 2017 Poster Competition CLINICAL CONGRESS 2017 | SAN DIEGO, CA surgical history group Bulletin of the Surgical History Group Papers from the 2017 Poster Competition CLINICAL CONGRESS 2017 | SAN DIEGO, CA Patrick Greiffenstein, MD, FACS Acknowledgements CHAIR, POSTER COMMITTEE The activities of the Surgical History Group (SHG) are MEMBER, PROGRAM COMMITTEE possible only because of the work of several key persons on NEW ORLEANS, LA staff at the American College of Surgeons (ACS). Meghan Kennedy, ACS Archivist, administers the SHG in addition to her considerable responsibilities caring for archival Don Nakayama, MD, FACS documents at the College headquarters in Chicago, IL. She ran CHAIR, SURGICAL HISTORY GROUP the poster competition, a complex task of judging more than BULLETIN EDITOR 100 entries, 20 formal presentations, and shepherding the CHAPEL HILL, NC preparation of articles in the volume you see here. Dolores Barber, Assistant Archivist at the ACS, gives loyal support to the SHG activities and the maintenance of the ACS Archives. Dolores retired this year, and she will be missed. Basil Pruitt, MD, FACS, chaired the program committee and led a highly successful educational session at this year’s Clinical Congress. LaMar McGinnis, MD, FACS, conceived of the SHG and led it through its formative years. He continues to provide welcome advice. Patricia Turner, MD, FACS, Director, ACS Division of Member Services, gives overall leadership and guidance to the SHG. The ACS Division of Integrated Communications produced the present volume. Special thanks goes to the members of the Poster Competition Committee, and those who spent time as judges at the Clinical Congress. This year’s success was the result of their dedication to the program and interest in promoting surgical history. ©2017 by the American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved. Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 Charles Drew: An The history of the scalpel: “Yes, I shot the President, Daniel Hale Williams, MD: extraordinary life From flint to zirconium- but his physicians killed “A Moses in the profession” coated steel him.” The assassination of Saptarshi Biswas, MD, FRCS, Alisha J. Jefferson, MD, and President James A. Garfield FACS, and Dannie Perdomo, Jason B. Brill, MD; Evan K. Tamra S. McKenzie, MD, FACS MS4 Harrison, MD; Michael J. Sise, John D. Ehrhardt, Jr., and Department of Surgery, East MD, FACS; and Romeo C. J. Patrick O’Leary, MD, FACS Department of Trauma and Tennessee State University, Ignacio, Jr., MD, FACS Acute Care Surgery, Forbes Department of Surgery, Florida Johnson City, TN Hospital, Allegheny Health Residency in General Surgery, International University, Herbert Network, Monroeville, PA, and Naval Medical Center, San Wertheim College of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Diego, CA Miami, FL Medicine, Erie, PA 5 6 7 8 John Hunter, the father of Everett Evans, nuclear war, Following the light: A Ambroise Paré: The gentle scientific surgery and the birth of the civilian history of the percutaneous barber-surgeon burn center endoscopic gastrostomy tube Kelly A. Kapp, MS4, and April M. Tanner, MD, and Glenn E. Talboy, MD, FACS Jeremy M. Powers, MD, and Andrew T. Strong, MD, and Mark C. Weissler, MD, FACS Michael J. Feldman, MD Jeffrey L. Ponsky, MD, FACS Department of Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Missouri, Evans-Haynes Burn Center, Department of General Surgery, University of North Carolina, Kansas City School of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Chapel Hill, NC Kansas City, MO Reconstructive Surgery, OH, and Cleveland Clinic Lerner Department of Surgery, Virginia College of Medicine, Case Commonwealth University Western Reserve University Health System (VCU Health), School of Medicine, Richmond, VA Cleveland, OH ©2017 by the American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved. Table of Contents 9 10 Kocher and the humanitarian The minimally invasive origin of wound ballistics operations that transformed surgery Patrick Greiffenstein, MD, FACS, and Don K. Nakayama, Don K. Nakayama, MD, MBA MD, FACS Department of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Louisiana State University Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Section of Trauma/ Critical Care Surgery, New Orleans, LA, and Department of Surgery, Florida International University, Sacred Heart Medical Group, Pensacola, FL ©2017 by the American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved. Preface Dr. Turner This is the second collection of papers from the annual poster The stories of Charles Drew and Daniel Hale Williams inspire, competition of the Surgical History Group of the American as we read of their groundbreaking work in surgery and their College of Surgeons. Held during the annual Clinical Congress prominence in black history. The assassination of James of the ACS, the session features the scholarly work of students Garfield demonstrates the frequent intersection of surgery and and residents on a wide range of historical topics. It is the most current events. popular activity sponsored by the SHG. We hope to add contributions from the members of the This year, more than 100 abstracts were submitted for SHG and the membership of the College in future issues of presentation at Clinical Congress 2017, which was held in this publication. This year, Dr. Greiffenstein leads off with a San Diego, CA, in October. A panel of judges led by Patrick summary of Theodor Kocher’s work on wound ballistics. It is Greiffenstein, MD, FACS, Chair of the Poster Competition far less well known than his Nobel Prize-winning work on the Committee, selected 20 abstracts for the program. The judges thyroid, but it led to an international agreement that limited the singled out two for top prizes, a task made difficult by the destructiveness of small arms ammunition. quality of the presentations. The continued success of the SHG depends on the support Participants were invited to submit their work in written form of the ACS Division of Member Services and its director, in order to be included in the present collection of articles. It Patricia Turner, MD, FACS. She has been unwavering in her afforded authors a chance to prepare their work for publication, encouragement and financial support. It is appropriate that the and to give ACS members and those interested in the history of present collection is dedicated to Dr. Turner. surgery the benefit of their scholarship. This collection will be distributed through the ACS website and A glance at the titles reveals a wide range of topics certain to through the history of surgery, general surgery, and pediatric interest anyone with a passing curiosity about medical history. surgery online ACS Communities. The articles will reside on the We read the history of what is arguably the oldest surgical ACS Archives web page, the forum for SHG communications. instrument, the scalpel, as well as the very recent story of the A limited number of hard copies will be available for purchase development of the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy through the ACS Archives office. tube, one of the earliest minimally invasive surgical techniques Don Nakayama, MD, FACS that has revolutionized surgery. Biographies of figures Chair, Surgical History Group important in the history of surgery range from Ambroise Bulletin Editor Paré of the French Renaissance of the 16th century, to Everett Chapel Hill, NC Evans, founder of the first modern burn center at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, a product of the Atomic Age. ©2017 by the American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 1 Charles Drew: An extraordinary life AUTHORS Saptarshi Biswas MD, FRCS, FACS1 Dannie Perdomo MS42 1Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Forbes Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Monroeville, PA 2Medical Student, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Saptarshi Biswas, MD, FRCS, FACS Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Forbes Hospital, Allegheny Health Network Monroeville, PA © 2017 by the American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved. CC2017 Poster Competition • Charles Drew: An extraordinary life • 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Charles Richard Drew (1904–1950), surgeon and Early life and education researcher, made fundamental contributions to Drew was born on June 3, 1904, in Washington, DC, the oldest blood preservation and the practice of plasma of five children of an African-American carpet layer and a infusion. He led the first effort at large-scale mother with a teaching degree. Of modest circumstances, his family was well respected in their racially mixed neighborhood. blood donation and collection, first in New York With a mature sense of responsibility at an early age, young with the Blood for Britain program of 1940–1941, Drew, “Charley” to his friends, was only 12 when he managed a then on a nationwide scale with the National crew of six newspaper delivery boys.1 Research Council and the American Red Cross. While his academic achievements in Washington’s Dunbar As chair of the department of surgery at Howard High School were modest, he lettered all four years in football and track. He was named the school’s top athlete in his final University, and chief of surgery at the Freedmen’s two years. He went to Amherst College in 1922, where he Hospital in Washington, DC, he educated a lettered as a freshman in football and scored all four years in generation of African American surgeons. The the New England intercollegiate championships. By his junior year he was the top athlete in football and track, a distinction tragic circumstances of his death at age 46 years that by tradition would confer the captaincy for both teams. He adds poignancy to his legacy as one of foremost was not selected captain of the football team, a decision that figures in American surgery in the 20th century.
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