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Aircraft Accident Report ARAIB ARAIB/AAR0603 Registration No. Registered Date Handling Agency Aircraft Accident Report Hail Encounter During Approach Asiana Airlines Flight 8942 A321-100, HL7594 20 miles South East of Anyang VOR June 9, 2006 Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation ARAIB ARAIB/AAR0603 Aircraft Accident Report Hail Encounter During Approach Asiana Airlines Flight 8942 A321-100, HL7594 20 miles South East of Anyang VOR June 9, 2006 January, 2008 Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation According to the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Act of the Republic of Korea, Chapter 4, Article 30, it is stipulated; 「Accident investigations shall be conducted separately from any judicial, administrative disposition, administrative lawsuit proceedings associated with civil or criminal liability.」 And in Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chapter 3, Paragraph 3.1 and Chapter 5, Paragraph 5.4.1, it is stipulated and recommended as follows; 「The sole objective of the investigation of an accident or incident shall be the prevention of accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose of this activity to apportion blame or liability.」 「Any judicial or administrative proceedings to apportion blame or liability should be separate from any investigation conducted under the provisions of this Annex.」 Thus, based on the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Act of the Republic of Korea and Annex 13, this accident investigation report, including findings herein, as the result of the investigation effort of Asiana Airlines Flight 8942, shall not be used for any other purpose than to improve aviation safety. If conflicts occur on the interpretation of this accident investigation report between the Korean version and English version, the Korean version takes priority over English version. Aircraft Accident Report Korea Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board. Hail Encounter during Approach, Asiana Airlines Flight 8942, A321-100, HL7594, 20 NM South East of Anyang VOR, June 09, 2006. Aircraft Accident Report ARAIB/AAR 0603, Seoul, Republic of Korea Korea Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB) is an independent government agency, established on August 12, 2002. The Board conducts accident investigations in accordance with the provisions of the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Act of the Republic of Korea and Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The sole objective of the Board’s investigation of an accident or incident shall be the prevention of accidents and incidents, and it is not the purpose of the activity to apportion blame or liability. The main office is located near Gimpo International Airport, and the flight recorder analysis and wreckage laboratories are located inside the airport. Address: 2 nd Floor, 281 Gonghang-Dong, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, 157-815, Republic of Korea Tel: 82-2-6096-1017, 1030 Fax: 82-2-6096-1013, 1031 URL: http://www.araib.go.kr i Contents Aircraft Accident Report Contents Contents ………………………………………………………………………………...………. i I. Title ……………………………………………………………………………………...……. 1 II. Executive Summary ………………………………………………………………………… 1 III. Body ………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 1. Factual Information ………………………………………………………………………... 8 1.1 History of Flight ……………………………………………………………………….… 8 1.2 Injuries to Persons………………………………………………………………………... 11 1.3 Damage to Aircraft ………………………………………………………………….…… 11 1.4 Other damage ……………………………………...…………………………………….. 12 1.5 Personnel Information ………………………..………………………………………….. 13 1.5.1 The Captain ………………………………………..………………………………. 13 1.5.2 The First Officer…………….. …………………….………………………………. 13 1.6 Aircraft Information ……………………….………………………………………...…... 14 1.6.1 History of Aircraft………………………………………………………………….. 14 1.6.2 Aircraft Maintenance……………………………………………………………….. 14 1.6.3 Weight and Balance………………………………………………………………… 14 1.6.4 Weather Radar……………………………………………………………………… 15 1.6.4.1 Composition …………………………………………………………………. 15 1.6.4.2 Function ……………………………………………………………………… 16 1.6.4.3 Operation …………………………………………………………………….. 17 1.6.4.4 Precipitation Display…………………………………………………………. 18 1.6.4.5 User’s Manual ……………………………………………………………….. 19 1.6.4.6 Control and Indication ……………………………………………………….. 20 ii Contents Aircraft Accident Report 1.6.5 Aircraft System Operation ………………………………………………………… 21 1.6.6 Air Flow Sensing Probes …………………………………………………………... 22 1.7 Meteorological Information……. ……………………………………………………….. 22 1.7.1 Weather Conditions……. ………………………………………………………….. 22 1.7.2 Terminal Doppler Weather Radar …………….…………………….……………… 28 1.7.3 Propagation of Weather Information ………………….……….…………………... 29 1.8 Aids to Navigation …………………………………………………………………..…… 31 1.8.1 Airport Surveillance Radar…………………………………………………………. 31 1.8.2 Instrument Landing System………………………………………………………… 31 1.8.3 Airport Lightings………………………………………………………………….. 31 1.9 Communications ………………………………...…………………………….…………. 31 1.10 Aerodrome Information ………………………………………………………………… 32 1.10.1 Air Traffic Control Services………………………………………………………. 32 1.10.1.1 History of ATC……………………………………………………………… 32 1.10.1.1.1 Air Traffic Center ……………………………………………............. 32 1.10.1.1.2 Seoul Approach Control ………………………………….................... 33 1.10.1.1.2.1 Before Thunderstorm Encounter ………………………………… 33 1.10.1.1.2.2 After Thunderstorm Encounter …………………………………... 34 1.10.1.2 Utilization of SIGMET Information………………………………………… 36 1.10.1.2.1 Ground for Information Provision……………………………………. 36 1.10.1.2.2 Air traffic Center……………………………………………………… 37 1.10.1.2.3 Seoul Approach Control ……………………………………………… 39 1.10.1.2.3.1 Receipt of SIGMET Information………………………………… 39 1.10.1.2.3.2 Recognition of SIGMET Information…………………………… 40 1.11 Flight Recorders ……………………………………………………………………...… 43 1.11.1 Flight Data Recorder ……………………………………………………….…… 43 1.11.2 Cockpit Voice Recorder ………………………………………………..………… 45 1.12 Structure Damage Information ……………………………………………………... …. 45 1.12.1 Aircraft Damage by Thunderstorm……………………………………………….. 45 1.12.2 Damage by Radome Separation…………………………………………………... 47 1.12.3 Radome Separation…….…………………………………………………………. 47 iii Contents Aircraft Accident Report 1.12.4 Cockpit Windshield ..……………………………………………………………... 48 1.12.5 Latch Damage and Separation……………………………………………………. 49 1.12.6 Damage to Weather Radar………………………………………………………… 50 1.12.7 Aircraft System Failures………………………………………………………….. 51 1.12.7.1 Warning Message…………………………………………………………… 51 1.12.7.2 Failure Messages……………………………………………………………. 52 1.13 Medical and Pathological Information ……………………………………………….… 52 1.14 Fire ……………………………………………………………………………………… 52 1.15 Survival Aspects ……………………………………………………………………...… 52 1.15.1 Declaration of an Emergency Situation ………………………………………….. 53 1.15.2 Emergency Response …………………………………………………………….. 53 1.16 Tests and Research ………………………………………………………………...…… 53 1.17 Organizational and Management Information ………………………………………..… 54 1.17.1 Ground School for Flight Crew…………………………………………………… 54 1.17.2 Flight Crew Simulator Training…………………………………………………... 54 1.18 Additional Information …………………………………………………………….…… 55 1.18.1 Thunderstorm Avoidance…………………………………………………………. 55 1.18.2 A321 Standard Operating Procedure ……………………...……………………… 58 1.18.2.1 Understanding of Enroute Weather ………………………………………… 58 1.18.2.2 Weather Radar Operation…………………………………………………… 58 1.18.2.3 Turbulent Air Penetration …………………………………………………... 59 1.18.2.4 Heavy Rain Penetration…………………………………………………….. 60 1.18.3 Formation of Cumulonimbus…………………………………………………… 60 1.18.4 Testimony…………………………………………………………………………. 61 1.18.4.1 Flight Crew Testimony……………………………………………………… 61 1.18.4.2 Cabin Crew Testimony……………………………………………………… 64 1.18.5 Summary of Technical Meeting …………………………………………………. 65 iv Contents Aircraft Accident Report 2. Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………. 71 2.1 General ………………………………. …………………………………………………. 71 2.2 Accident Sequence ………………………………………………………………. ……... 71 2.2.1 Thunderstorm Avoidance ………………………………………………………….. 71 2.2.2 Alertness for Thunderstorm…………………………………………..……………. 72 2.2.3 Flight Crew Decision Making…………………..…………….……………………. 73 2.2.4 Emergency Landing ……………………………………………………………….. 74 2.3 SIGMET Information ………..….………………………..……………………………… 76 2.3.1 SIGMET Observation and Forecast . ……………………………………………… 76 2.3.2 Utilization of Images ………………………………………………………………. 76 2.3.3 Propagation System of SIGMET Information ……………………………………. 77 2.3.3.1 Asiana Airlines……………………………………………………………….. 77 2.3.3.2 Air Traffic Center…………………………………………………………….. 78 2.3.3.3 Seoul Approach Control……………………………………………………… 78 2.3.4 SIGMET Information Advisory……………………………………………………. 79 2.3.4.1 Air Traffic Center…………………………………………………………….. 79 2.3.4.2 Seoul Approach Control……………………………………………………… 79 2.4 Air Traffic Control for Emergency Aircraft ……………………………………………… 81 2.4.1 Radar Approach Control…………………………………………………………… 81 2.4.2 Response to Emergency Aircraft…………………………………………………… 81 2.5 Hail Impact Marks……………………………………………………………………….. 82 2.6 Damage to Aircraft by Hail Encounter…………………………………………………… 83 2.6.1 Radome Separation………………………………………………………………… 83 2.6.2 Comparison of Radome Installation Methods…………………………………….. 84 2.6.3 Tests and Analysis of Damaged Latch……………………………………………… 85 2.6.3.1 Installation Position of Latches ……………………………………………… 85 2.6.3.2 Test of Left Handle..…………………………………………………………. 88 2.6.3.3 Test of Push Button…………………………………………………………... 89 v Contents Aircraft Accident Report 2.6.3.4 Test of Push Button Axle…………………………………………………….... 90 2.6.3.5
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