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[email protected] – Website: http://www.hrwf.net Ethnic Minorities in Azerbaijan An Overview Table of Contents Introduction National and Ethnic Minorities Lezgis Russians Talysh Avars Turks Tatars Tsakhurs Udis Jews Kurds Armenians Poles Bulgarians Greeks International Instruments on Minorities and National Legal Framework State Management of Diversity Introduction Department for National Minorities of Presidential Administration Ministry of Culture Ministry of Education Council on State Support to NGOs The Ombudsman Conclusions Annex I Annex II Introduction Peaceful co-existence between ethnic and ethno-religious groups in any diverse society is an essential element of public order, social peace, security and human development. Tolerance and respect for cultural differences is the best antidote to extremism, social tensions, violence and civil war. Since the beginning of this century, the number of domestic conflicts around the world that have brought ethnic and ethno-religious groups into variance with one other and with their national parliaments has mushroomed. These conflicts have taken their toll of victims in Iraq, Sudan, Egypt, Nigeria, Central African Republic and other countries. In Europe, there is now a trend and a threat to fragmentation of and secession from sovereign states. Kosovo has gained its independence from Serbia. Catalonia and Scotland will each hold a referendum for independence. In Ukraine, Crimea has held an illegal referendum and has joined the Russian Federation regardless of international law. States hosting a wide range of peoples, linguistic, religious and ethnic groups can have legitimate concerns about their territorial integrity, especially if neighbouring countries have some geo-political interest in weakening their social cohesion and exacerbating their internal tensions.