INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 1tu* E S 2004SPRING THE BUTLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCI.]AEOLOGY FREE TO MEMEERS OT AIA

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AIA Philadelphia was the location fot the 36th Annual beyond the booming commercial and tourist Conference of the Society fot lndustrial oriented'Center City' there are vast acres of Archeology, the AIA's fellow organisation in industrial dereliction. INDUSTRIAL Nonh Anerica, from Thursday 7 to Sunday l0 The absence of urban renewal noted by lune 2007. fhis was a return visit, the lgth Ri(hard Hartree when he visited Dekoit on the ARCHAEOLOGY Conference having been held here in 1990. fhe SIA FallTour in 2005 (/i4 News 136, Spting 2006) AIA olten invites nayors to attend its conference is also in evidence here and was commented on NEWS 144 dinnen but while the Mayor ol Philadelphia did by Prolessor Walter Licht in his very slimulating Spring 2OO8 not attend the openinq reception he was lecture at the opening reception at the Beniamin sufficiently inpressed by the SIA's visit to Franklin Hall of the American Philosophical Honoraay ?rerid€nt prcclain'lndusttial Archeology Awareness Society. This lecture was titled, in academically kofAngus guchanan Week', although what this neant ground 13 Henrley Road, Bath 8A2 2DR on the trendy style, lndustrializing/De-indust aIizing Chairman was oot cleat. America and considered this theme with kof Madlyn hlmer particular reference to Philadelphia, Professor of khool orArdEeology and A.dent Xistory univeBity ol LeiceJEL L€iCe6t€T LE1 7RH Roger N. Holden History at the University oI Pensylvannia, ticht l4ce-ChaiIman does not use the term 'lndustrial Revolution', Tony Cro6by Many places have claimed the title 'Workshop ol indeed he suggested that so dis(redited is the Hedtage Lotrery tund. 7 Holbein Plaq London SwlW 8NR (currently Saoetary the World' it must be China) but it is idea of th€ lndustrial Revolution that nobody will Barry Hood perhaps a surprise to find Philadelphia among the ever again write a book with that in the title - this 9 K€nnerty h , P.l€roher, Aherde€n A81 4 otE claimants. More widely known for Eeniamin sounds like a challenge! He found irony in the Treasllrel Bru(e Hedge Franklin and its role in American independence, Iact that he was studying industrialization at a 7 Clemerlt Clos€, Wantag€, Ollordshte Oxl 2 7ED Philadelphia is not generally thought o, as one ot time (the 1970s and l980s) when the process of l,A R€vi€w Edilor the great industrialcities ofthe L.,nited Statet like de-industrialization was well under way. So he D David Gwyn t{ant y t€lin, Uanllyrni noad. Pen y cro€s, Lowell, Detroit or Pittsburg. But these are known next lurned to the study of de-industrialization Caemarfoo [tt 5tY because they had a single dominant industry: which he considers has happened in the 'blink oI lA l{.ws Editol public Dr Perer Stanier cotton, motor cars and steel. By contrast, an eye'almost without debate. Europe has 49 Ereadr Lane, Shalteshrry Do6a 5P7 8tt Philadelphia had a large number of smaller and oI course also experienced de-industrialization, (er Affi liatad So

COVER PICTURE Excavations at the Kelvin Wo*s site at Gateshead hon the east with the Ealtic Flour Millbehind (see page 7) Fa s Rridge Eatt Fallt Philadelphia. Built 1895 as a twolevel bridge with ttolley ca$ on the top deck, the top deck was Photo: fyne & Wear Museums Archaeology in lacl nevet used photo: Roger N Holden

2 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)L)GY NEWS 144 Philadelphia: the Franklin lnstitute, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Athenaeum oI Philadelphia and the American Philosophi(al Society. lt is not possible here to mention all the collections, but the huge architectural archive of the Athenaeum includes the Hexamer insurance surveys of Philadelphia. Similar plans exist for other US (ities and are far more comprehensive f than anything available in Britain; in particular they include a 3-D perspective view of each site. Some of these can be viewed on-line at -l wwwphilageohistoryorg (if you have the right I plug-in on your viewer). Following the standard format for SIA Conferences, Friday consisted of a choice of all- ii R I day tours:'Benjamin Franklin Bridge, Philadelphia .\ Navy Yard & Sunoco Relinery'; 'Bridging the rt Schulkill: From Bartram's Garden to Rittenhouse Town'; 'Philadelphia Transit Past and Present'; 'The lersey Side oI the Delaware'; and 'Kensington & Frankford - Textiles, lvletals and r't Beer' or'East Falls and Manayunk'. The last two promised textiles interest and I choose the latter. An indirect route to our first stop, at the University oI Philadelphia in East Falls, took us past some industrial sites in north west n Philadelphia; the site of the Budd Manufacturing I Company, notable builders oI railroad equipment, tl L u tE the site of the Midvale Steel Company, and the former Atlvater-Kent Radio factory of 1923, which lr ? has a saw-tooth roof, misleadingly presented to :l il L Ll f IJ usas'unique'. Philadelphia Universityoriginated t$ in 1884 as the Philadelphia Textile School, when TI I ffi t tlm it was perceived that America textile pa manufacturers were losinq out to European (i.e. German and French) manufacturers in terms ol a quality and design because of their reliance on on'the-job training; a familiar story! Given that textile manufacturing has now disappeared from the region it may be surprising that the University slill has a textile depanment, teachrng weaving, r-' knitting and dyeing but it does so to train textile designers who are still employed by firms in the United States, designs being sent to China for Row houses in Roebling, NJ, the village built for workers at the Roebling steel wotks. Note that these ones rctain their production, To teach weaving fundamentals they open vezndahs, nany have been filled in Photo: Roger N Holden still have some of the hand Jacquard looms acquired by the Textile School in the 1880s. for water powered mills which used the fall from been cut between the floors. The main girders are However they also have more modern the canal back into the river. Later they were clearly l-section rolled beams, yet our guide equipment, neither US nor British but German, supplemented by steam powered mills on the maintained that they were cast-iron, surely they Swiss and Japanese. Ihe University also has a hillside behind. Now the few remaining mills are must be wrought iron? resear(h facility in Manayunk, appropriately being put to alternative uses like apartments. The For those with energy left after the day's housed in an old mill. canal largely survivet including the masonry of tours, the evening was devoted to a'Show & Tell' The most interesting visit in l\,4anayunk was some of the locks and there are plans to re-open it session, the equivalent oI the AlAs Members to the dye works of G. l. Linlewood, a survivor and provide a water front for the town which has Contributions. With only three contributions this from Philadelphia's many small family owned previou,ly turned its back on the canal and river. was a leisurely atfair, the most outstanding being businesses operating in niche markets. Founded Returning to Philadelphia, we stopped off to Steven Abramowitz's photographs. Steven is a in 1869 the firm concentrates on fibre dyeing, look at two steel bridges over the Schuylkill River, photographer who looks Ior the geometrical usually of synthetic rather than natural fibre. lt the Falls Bridge of 1895 and the Strawberry patterns and the beauty of dereliction particularly might be wondered where exactly some oI the Mansion Bridge of 1896. We also diverted into in industrial and railroad subjects, producing brightly coloured results ol their work were Fairmount Park to view the l\4emorial Hall, one of stunning photographs. going, the examples we were given included toys the few permanent buildings of the 1876 Apart from the lecture at the opening such as teddy bears, paint rollers and very- Centennial Exhibition which houses in its reception, the 5lA conference does not have the expensive cowboy hats. basement a scale model of the exhibition. Used invited speakers which form the bulk of AIA Manayunk was a milltown, owing its origin to after the Exhibition as an Art Gallery for many Conferences, but instead invites a submission of the Manayunk Canal built after 1815 in typical years, it now being restored to its Iormer glory to papers for presentation at an all-day session on North American fashion as an aid to river house a children's museum, the Please Touch the Saturday. These included papers relevant to navigation, bypassing difficult sections of the Museum. This building has fire-proof brick-arch the area, and one suspects that some of these Schuylkill River, so that it then provided ready sites floors, exposed at one point where a well has speakers had in fact been 'leant on'. A total of 32

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 3 papers were presented in three sessions each although at present prospects are not good, But it in turn were replaced by Jonval turbines after consisting of three panels running in parallel. You has to be asked how do you turn such a place into 1851. lt has long ceased as a water works, but its have to decide whi(h papers you wish to hear, a museum? lt seems impossible without rather grand classical buildings have survived in although you are provided with abstracts oI them destroying the atmosphere. other uses and are now being restored as a water all.This first panel I attended had the title'Studies At midday a big lunch is eaten, which also interpretive centre. There are plans to 'animate' a in Cement & Concrete'. This fitted Dennis Howe's provides an opponunity to hold the 5lA Business turbine and pump of 1851, for manyyears walled opening paper on 'Research at Whiteport, NY lvleeting, AGM as we would know it, followed by up out of sight.

Archeoloqical Site and Synthesis of Rosendale a lurther session of papers. The Iinal panel I That marked the end oI the main conlerence Cement l\4anufacturing in the lgth century' and attended included one oI only tlvo non-USA but for those staying t\,vo tours were arranged lor also the second by Sara Wermeil on 'rohn papers presented during lhe day: 'Hydropower in the following day. Unlortunately a cruise along A.Roebling's Sons Company's Concrete Floors, lmperial lndia' by toren Michael. The the Delaware River was cancelled, but the other 1892-1914'. However, the last paper did not fit at development oI hydro-power in the early tour to Roebling went ahead. Roebling is on the all, 'Proctor, North Carolina 1830-1945: The turentieth (entury can be seen as the start oI New Jersey side of the Delaware River and Changing Structure of Residences and Economic Bangalore's current pursuit of becoming a getting there involved catching the PATCo train Power in an lndustrializing Appalachian flagship'hi-tech' centre. Clifford Zink's paper on across the Benjamin Franklin Bridge to Camden Drainage' by Elizabeth Cahill and Ann Chancey. lohn A. Roebling's sons co. paved the way for a and then the Nl Transit River tine to Roebling. The A panel in the second session covered sites in visit to the company town on the following day. Nl Transit River Line beqan operations in March Philadelphia, oI which the most interesting was Roeblings were the 'world's largest' manufacturer 2004, using diesel-powered Swiss/German-built .lohn Bowie's presentation on'The John Grass of wire rope, producing wire rope for many major articulated rail cars of a type used on rural branch wood Turning Shop', a representative of the suspension bridges in the USA, including the lines in Germany. lt operates between camden myriad oI small family businesses which made up Golden Gate Bridge. and Trenton along the line of the Camden and Philadelphia. Founded in 1863 and owned The day concluded with more food being Amboy Railroad oI 1834, the first railroad in New throughout the twentieth century by three consumed at the Fairmount WaterWorks, the site lersey and one oI the first in the ljnited States. ln generations of the Bower family, it ceased work in of Philadelphia's first water works where steam 1904 the Roebling company established a steel 2003 when the last Bower retired. lt now stands pumps were installed in 1812-15 to raise water works at what is now known as Roebling to as a'time capsule', a traditional wood turning from the Shuylkill River to a reservoir for supply theirTrenton wire rope making works, and shop full of the accumulated clutter of decades, distribution to the city. The high cost of fuel, and built a workers' village outside the gates. Ihe stacked one suspects with little regard lor'health two boiler explosions, led to a dam being steel works closed in 1974, some derelict and safety' law. Negotiations have been started constructed across the river in 1819 so the steam buildings remain on site but there are plans lor to maintain this as a wood turning museum, engines could be replaced by water wheels, which re.use, in particular a museum in the main gatehouse. We had a walking tour of what is considered to be one of the best surviving t. industrial villages in the USA, with its 'row' houses for the workers, 'paired' houses for lower management and detached houses for the managers. We were privileged to see inside a manager's house whose owners have been carefully restoring it to original condition. lwas the only person this year from Britain but I would encourage AIA members to consider attending the 5lA Conference or Fall Tour. lt l enables you to see pan of the UsA from an lA perspectivq beyond the tourist traps, and meet ,l I with like minded people. The Fall Tours are sometimes in more out of the way places which - might be difficult to arrange to get to, such as this \- t year's tourto Ely, Nevada..The 2008 conference is in San lose, California, from 29 L4ay to 1 June. .",I ',i Details, booking and membership details are on I the SIA web-site, wwwsia-web.org. However, be _t t warned that there are no leisurely 09.00 starts on SIA Conlerences, Friday tours can stan as early as 07.30 and even the Saturday Paper Sessions start - John Grass Wood Turning Shop, znd Street, Philadelphia. A 'tine-capsule', but how.an you prcsefle it as a nuseun? al 08.15 one somelimes gels lhe impre5sion Photo: Roger M Holden that sleep is an unknown concept in America!

AIA Spring Visit to Saarland - 19-24 May 2O08 The star attraction of this important former coal and steel area on the River Saar in Germany bordering France is urldoubtedly the immense Voelklingcr ironworks, the first industrial monument to become a World Heritage site but other attractive sites include an eighteenth-century oil mill, the railway museum at Losheim am See, the oldest steam winding engine on the Saar coalfield at Velsen and a city rich in ceramics over the border in France. Travel by coach, with stops in Reims and Epernay lor a champagne experience. For details contact Paut Saulter, 80 Udimore Road, Rye, Sussex, TN3 I 7DY. Updates on www.heritageohndustry.co.uk

4 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEjL1GY NEWS 144 Education and the school air raid shelter

Underground trench shelters on school sites were occasionally entertained classes with magi( for interpretations of their creation, the working often sealed at the end of World War ll. Many lantern lectures and these, as well as methods of the painters and the social have since been dismantled ot infilled, yet others contemporary book illustrations, may have Ielationships of the shelter occupants. Visual have been napped by the Defence of Eritain inspired the creation of the murals. Both sources survey shows that most designs were drawn onto Projed, the Historic Fottifications Netwotk and show stylistic similarities to the murals with their the square grids, landscapes were often painted the National Mapping Prugranme. rolling landscapes interspersed with character before the (haracler tableaux and each area ol A rc ha eo I og ica I s u rvey en ph a s i ses the i defens ive tableaux and their separation of interior and colour was outlined in black or dark blue paint. function whilst the recotding of occasiona I graffiti exterior spaces. But not all oI the murals have Closer scrutiny has resulted in the archaeological allows a glinpse into the buildings' educational survived, as a comparison of built surfaces and recording of many paint anomalies - paint drips, use. A school air raid shelter in Suffey, with film evidence shows that at least two murals splashes and smudges - all produced during the suruiving walldft and graffiti, has allowed funhet were concealed by more recent paintings after creation oI the murals. Painting on a vertical interpretation ol the educational and filming took place in July 1941. ln fact, mural surface can result in drips and smudges on occupational lunctions ol the school air raid painting appears to have stopped abruptly as the previously painted, lower colour contexts shelter and the relationships of its occupants. Gulliver's Travels mural is half finished and the allhough splashes tend to radiate out in any opposing wall is whitewashed and grid lined in direction from a painted area.There is therelore a Sue lVorecroft preparation Ior paintinq. direct contextual relationship between paint With such scant evidence for the creation of anomalies (and their originating colour contexts) trom late 1939 many air raid shelters were built the shelter murals, it is the paintings themselves and underlying paint areas. Ihese (ontextual on school sites for use during daytime air raids. that have proved to be the best primary source relationships have been recorded, analysed and At the sound of the siren children and teachers would abandon their world oI classroom and playground with its moderated regular timetable and place themselves in totally enclosed, relatively dark spaces for uncenain periods of ffii r:rEt time. Air alerts could bring the sound of silence, whilst others would be punctuated by the sounds of enemy bombingl aerial dogfights or machine gun fire. These enclosed spaces were thus primarily for defence, but equally the air raid shelter was an exlension of the classroom in which children were controlled, educated and occupied by their teachers. The Board of tducation re(ognised the wide variation in defensive provision and suggested oral work as an ideal way to occupy children in all sheltert recommending spelling-bees, story telling, singing, games and craft work. A surviving school air raid shelter in Redhill, Surrey shows that the boys of 5t lohn's School were occupied in crafhvork, as the long llat walls of five underground trenches are even now decorated with a series of colourful murals. Covering the length of each wall are illustrations Playground entrance to St lohn's Schoolair Eid sheltet, Redhill, Suney Phata ,ue hlare(ot't of Treasure lsland, The Pilgrim's Progress, Beowull Robin Hood, Snow White, Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. The painting oI these murals is captured in a Pathe film from the TI I \l_Ff IrlL \.lil seties 'Blitz and Pieces'in which the boys of St ' ,ohn's enter their air raid shelter and paint the LI murals under the supervision oI a teacher. The TII' rlrll, Is lF" ;IiFs\ 'i commentary re(ords that mural painting was to keep the boys'minds occupied during air raids, but as it may have been filmed as wanime R{IBINSON I'RUSOI sonr propaganda, this assertion must be questioned. \'r oral history has since suggested that the murals r: t r...] were actually painted in art classes rather than li Lrl''iliN ',ll ! E t, i,,r during air alerts. lvural painting may have begun at any time after the shelter's construction in late 1939 but oral history suggests the beginning of 1941 when l- lvlI Allen, a qualified arts and crafts teacher, began teaching at St lohn's. The school log book records that the murals were inspected by school governors in April, filmed by Pathe on 7 luly and recorded by Fox photos on 31 July 1941. MrAllen Ai Dtd rhph plao

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEW' 144 5 reassembled into colour-coded Harris matrices for each mural. The presence of anomalies indicates that painting in these sedions was generally from bottom to top, whereas a more sensible painting sequence, from top to bottom, may have occurred I in areas with no anomalies as any drips and smudges would be overlain by later, lower paint layers. Perhaps, as oral history:uggests, a mural was painted by a succession of timetabled art i t I classes - younqer boys paintinq lower areas and older boys painting the higher sections - rather than each muralbeing painted by the same pupils t who reqularly sat in that trench during an alert. Along the length of the murals, stratigraphic i evidence suggests reversals in the painting sequence of colours indicating the edges of individual work areas. Longer murals suggest the \ work oI three to Iour painters or teamt who may even have swapped paint pots after applying colours, and shorter murals suggest divisions into I one or two work areas. Ihe outlining of lonq cloudscapes appears light and Ilowing as if applied by an adult hand, whilst character and landscape outlining is often thickly and inexpertly King Richard in the air Gid shelter Long.lohn Silver makes an appearance too applied. This may suggest that teachers Photo: Sue ll,4orecrcft Photo: Sue Morecroft participated in the murals, helping with more diffi(ult painting tasks, in addition to supervising 'Make Do and Mend' and the reuse of goods in The survival of gratfiti and wall art in this air the boys. wartime Britain. ln a second mural, Snow White raid shelter at 5t John's School in Redhill may be Archaeological analysis has suggested a few is endangered by a seemingly innocent old unique. But there may be lurther wall art in other instances where teacher supervision may have woman in an apparently sale environment iust as shelters yet undiscovered which could add to our been lacking. 0n the Beowulf mural, six orange people in Britain were endangered by fifth understanding of the educational and oval marks on pink ground and a nearby, heavily columnists and daily bombing raids. A third occupational functions of this building type. scribbled pink splodge on orange ground may mural has an illustration of a young Beowulf and Archaeological survey has provided an have been the result of deliberate, perhaps his warriors journeying abroad to help a foreign interpretation of the trench shelter as a place for mischievous, sabotage undertaken by two kingdom repel a violent enemy and a second work and creativity, for teamwork between neighbouring painters. 0n the Robinson Crusoe shows a young warrior helping an older Beowull tea(hers and pupils, and also as a place for raft tableaux are three or four long horizontal to slay a dragon. This suggests an analogy with instances oI fun and mischief. lt was perhaps a marks, made by fingers or brushes being dragged the succession olyoung men who, throughoutthe pla(e of achievement when the murals be(ame across wet paint. Perhaps this was accidental war, were conscripted into the British armed known outside the school environment through damage or even deliberate intent. Another forces to fight overseas. These murals do appear the visual images of film and photography. And example is the location of blue paint used on the to link classic adventure stories to contemporary the shelter interior was yet another space in SnowWhite mural, which is also found splattered events and they may have been the means to which to educate or be educated, it was both an across the ceiling and onto the green tree canopy instruct the boys of St John's on wartime interruption and a continuation of learning and it oI the nearby Robin Hood mural. This suggests protocols, salety measures and perhaps future was also a place where noughts and crosses rivalry and mischiet between mural painting expectations. could alleviate the boredom. teams and a lack of converse evidence on the 5t lohn's boys'air raid shelter was built to ln the last few years 5t lohn's boys'air raid Snow White wall could mean there was no accommodate 272 boys and it would have been shelter has been the locus of a community project opportunity for retaliation due to a greater extremely cramped during an air raid. Each pupil involving oral history, archaeological survey and teachinq supervision. had less than 0.45 meters of bench space, seated historical research, resulting in the production of a As well as a means of occupying the boys, the on opposing rows of benches attached to the DVD, a website (vv|r|.stjohnsschoolredhill.co.uk), murals may have had a secondary function, not long walls oI each trench. The boys were seated and regular shelter tours for local schools. The only for storytelling, but also as didactic with their ba(ks against the painted walls and shelter has become a shared environmenl, instruction. A survey oI mural content and there were obviously opportunities for pencilling acknowledged by both pa( and present pupils, comparison with written texts has shown that the graffiti as many instances have been recorded and its survival has resulted in an educational most violent aspects of the stories are rarely including a drawing oI an aeroplane overlain by a project which once again has ensured 'that time illustrated. The choice oI storylines also appears blue paint drip. Ihese are small pictures, games, spent in shelters is not time wasted'(Board of to have ideological links with contemporary scribbles and initials which may have been Education Circular 1535 dated 18 December events. For example, warlime (onditions in covertly drawn concealed by other seated pupils. 1940). Britain, with a limitation on imports, home This perhaps suggests slightly distant supervision production focused on munitions and farmland by teaching staff, but other graffiti found at mid extended to feed the population, could be mural height may have been openly drawn compared to Robinson Crusoe's dependence on perhaps due to a lack of supervision. The height VISIT THE AIA his own island's natural resources. Ihe mural is a of these last gratfiti also suggests a level of flowing Iandscape with different images of deliance as they are nearer adult eye level, WEBSITE Robinson growing position Crusoe crops, caring for although their wall between electric www'industrial-archaeology.org.uk llvestock and making household goods. This ceiling lights does suggest some attempt at mural may have been painted to encourage concealment.

6 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEoLocy NEWs 144 Excavations at a Gateshead iron works ln February and Decenber 2006, fyne and Wear new dooruay and the rebuilding of the wall to its probably to house machinery. lmmediately Museums Archaeology excavated two sites on north. This rebuilt wall formed part of an overlyinq the brick surface was a deposit rich in either side of South Shorc Road in Gateshead, extension to the east of the building. slag, again suggesting industrial use. The fyne and WeaL fhese Kelvin Wotks and lnge$oll At the lngersoll Rand sitq an evaluation structure was then partially rebuilt on a slightly Rand sites have shown that valuable evidence of showed that much of the site had been truncated different alignment with a new brick surface built lhe nature and use ol buildngs within an iron by the lngersoll Rand building, Howevei an area above the previous one. This surface had a works can be obtained hon relatively small areas close to the River Tyne showed promise. On vitreous patina sugqesting a continued industrial of surviving archaeological deposits. Furthet excavating a 37m by 7m trench, structural use. A large (2.52m external diameter) (ircular industrial sites are now coming to light during remains were present at the east and west ends flue had been constructed at the nonh end, development projects in notth east . of the site, all (onstructed on made-up ground. At cutting through the older phase of the structure. the east end of the trench was a rectangular brick The inside of this flue showed clear signs oI heat Julie Parker, Tyne and Wear l\4useums structure with a brick surface. ln the south west damage. The heat had also reddened the made- Archaeology corner of this structure, the wall had a recess, up ground through which the flue was cut. The

Desk based assessments showed that there was little evidence for activity around the area of u South Shore Road in Gateshead prior to the medieval period when the site was part of a large park owned by the bishops of Durham. ln 1747, William Hawks & Co. set up an iron works to the al east of the two sites. After the death of William H Hawks in 1755, the works expanded rapidly so that by 1840 there were buildings present on ffi! EH both sites. However, the works closed suddenly in 1889. After the closure, the site on the south side of .a\ .L- the road became known as the Kelvin Workt ",\, which was out of use by 1919. By the mid- ,? I h,rentieth century, the site was used as a gears works, again under the name of Kelvin Works.The :f standing buildings were demolished in 2005. The site on the north side of the road was empty by 1898 and a power station built in the south- eastern quadrant of the site. ln the 1950s, l* buildings associated with the Baltic tlour Mills \; extended into the western end of the site. These ----r______J- buildings and the power station were demolished il. -I between 1971 and 1984 and the lngersoll Rand building was constructed on the site.This building Circulat llue running nonh b south across the lngeBol Rand site Photo: Tyne & Weat Museuns Archaeology was demolished in 2006. r Archaeological excavations on the south side ---..i{ of South shore Road (Kelvin Works) revealed several phases of construction, all related to i industrial activity on the site. Belore any (onstruction had occurred, a ravine at the eastern -=H,', extent oI the site had been backfilled with brick and rubble. The main phase of construction saw .--S the building of tr,vo red brick chimneys with a i-l t^ brick-lined Ilue connectinq them. Four other flues F ran from these chimneys away from the site. one [" Ilue ran from the northern chimney towards the 1 lngersoll Rand site. A large rectangular structure 7 oI sandstone measuring 36.6m by 10.7m was then built on the site. lts walls survived to a ffifiI a height of around 1.5m and measured 0.59m thi(k t where free standing and 1.19m thick for the tsd- south wall which acted as a revetment wall against higher ground. The inside face of the southern wall had two rows of square slots, averaginq 1.25m apart, with residue on the wall around them. The purpose of these slots was not clear, but may have been to support machinery There were also two flues running down through ffi this wall at the eastern end. A few minor & alterations were made to this structure, such as a Rrick sttucture at east end of lngesol Rand site Photo: fyne & Wear Museums Archaeology

INDUSrRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 7 south side oI this structure had been truncated by whereas those Iound on the Kelvin Works site At the end of the nineteenth century many of an east to west twentieth century wall, probably date betlveen 1862 and 1898. lvap evidence also the Hawks lron Works buildings had been associated with the power station. suggests that the large sandstone built structure demolished except for those on the Kelvin Works At the west end of the site tlvo sandstone on the Kelvin Works site formed an extension to site which were taken over by the South Shore walls at right anqles to ea(h other lormed the the south of a building which fronted onto South Engineering Works. The area was then completely earliest structural remains. Due to a lack of dating shore Road which was aligned Iurther to the redeveloped with South Shore Road realigned to evidence, it is not known whether these were north during the nineteenth century This earlier its present line in the early haentieth century and contemporary with the earliest structures at the building was in existence by 1840. This map many of the buildings in the immediate area of east end oI the trench. These stone walls had evidence suggests that the two sites represent the hvo sites demolished. Ihe only building to been demolished and two sandstone plinths buildings which were part of the Hawks lron survive was the Kelvin Works buildinq constructed constructed with a black floor surface deposited Works and show that the works was expanding between 1840 and 1856 immediately south of between them, covering the stone walls. A slag- steadily over the course of mid nineteenth the excavation. This later building was only rich deposit had built up on top oI this floor. The century. The first edition Ordnance 5urvey map of demolished in 2005. The redevelopment of the whole area was then demolished and the ground 1862 showed warehouse-type structures on the lngersoll Rand site saw the construction of an levelled for the construdion of a power station, lngersoll Rand site. However, the presence o{ slag electrical power station which caused the one corner of which survived in the south-east deposits above tlvo of the floor surfaces and a destruction of the maiority oI the remains ol corner oI the trench. floor surface with a patina suggest that the large buildings associated with the iron works except L.Jsing map evidence, it becomes clear that subdivided rectangular building was in fact used near the northern edge of the site.The remains of the earliest structures lound within the lngersoll for hot workt as was the building on the Kelvin the power station were in turn destroyed by the Rand site were built between 1827 and 1840, Works site. construction of the lngersoll Rand building.

LETTERS

Llechwedd Slate Quarry Useful old slag nearby, and the slightly later 0ld Vicarage at Ripley close to the Butterley works, I know of no Pat Frost (// News 143 page 18) writes in good lam currently investigating the use of large blast other examples domestic building. Similar faith about recent events at tlechwedd slate furnace slag blocks in construction and would be in broken blocks are also used in boundary and quarry as she has learnt of them from the caving gratelul if readers could advise me of any retaining walls in the area. magazine rescent Unfortunately her source is examples they know ol ln my area they were The phorograph below shows Portland extremely inaccurate. used by the Butterley Company in the 1810s, but the colliery Tramway embankment at racksdale (SK The management of l.W. GreavesWelsh Slate slag seems to have been little used elsewhere 445515), immediately over border into considered that the winding drum house on lloor other than in crushed form. I am aware ol some the Nottinghamshire. This is about 200m long and 5 had to be demolished in order to quarry slate examples of copper slag used in South Wales, and was built in the'1830s with slag cast into large which lay underneath it. The incline itself was of the massive blocks forming the Tees quanied away long ago. The buildings and the breakwater after 1859. blocks at Codnor Park. Apart from the later Tees breakwater; I know oI no other use of slag in such surviving machinery had been studied by the one interesting example is lronville House, massive block Iorm, but would welcome any Gwynedd Archaeological Trust as part of a Derbyshire (5K436518), built about 1850 as information on other examples. scheduling enhancement process in the 1990t the Company doctors house and surgery and Bouchet from which it was con(luded that they did not recently listed Grade ll. This is built of broken slag lohn Westwood Fam, Main Road, merit statutory protection, though a photographic blocks lrom the nearby Codnor Park furnaces, but westwood, Nofts NGl6 record was carried out. The Robey steam engine apart from a few rows of tenaced housing 5HU was removed in the early twentielh century, though the winding drums probably dated lrom the Victorian period but for much of its later working life the in(line was operated by an electric motor. The machinery has been retained and the quarry management have ensured that it will be properly studied by an industrial ll archaeologist and, if appropriate, conserved. * ffi Cadw did not 'put a stop'to further demolition; the advi(e of Cadw and of the Royal Commission has been sought and acled on. The :' quarry's directors are well aware of their responsibility to their heritage and are actively seeking ways in which the historic structures and ,E machinery at Llechwedd quarry at lvaenofferen i !ai quarry and at the Quarry Tours operation can be conserved. We as industrial archaeologists must ,. remind ourselves that'conservation' is not simply a matter of preserving working sites in aspic and that it can equally mean safeguarding jobs and sustaining a distinctive culture and language as well. David Gwyn Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Penygroes,

Caenarfon LL54 6LY Slag blocks used in the Poftland Colliery ftanway enbanknent at Jacksdale Nottinghanshire photo: ]ohn Bou(het

8 TNDUSTRIAL ARCHAEoLoGy NEWS 144 AIA NEWS

Conference awards and smells of the mill. The award recognises the Dorothea Award 2007 achievement of Street in being one of very tollowing the 2007 Preston conlerence there Queen ln october, 6eoff wallis of Dorothea Restoration Iew textile industry sites where virtually the werq as usual, two awards to be made, The Engineers and Michael l\4essenger visited Kelly whole premises with its machinery been Conferenre Award, which is voted Ior by those has Mine to present the 2007 Dorothea Award for conserved. Where modifications have been made attending the conlerence. is made for the site Conservation. to interpret the mill and provide visitor facilities visited which showed the most merit in Kelly iiline has worked for micaceous has done sensitively without interpreting lndustrial Archaeology. The this been and losing hematite ('shiny ore') since at least 1797 and the visual impact ol the site. The one thing that President's Award is made to the site showing the closed in 1951. A legal dispute left the site intact cannot be conveyed nowadays is the shattering greatest initiative in lorwarding industrial and nature quickly concealed a unique collection noise of a big weaving plant in lull production (onservation, particularly from a voluntary group. of mining equipment and artelacts. Ihe Kelly which I well remember from my visits to them. 50 on 28 November, Angus and Brenda Mine Preservation Society was lormed in 1984 to The President's Award went to sylvia Wilson Buchanan, accompanied by Marilyn Palmer, Roy save and restore this important monument, and and the Whitefield Conservation Action Group for Murphy, Mike Nevell, Mark and Hilda Sissons met has been quietly working to put the site back to her indomitable work in the conservation of the in Eurnley to make the awards, its original working condition, where possible Whitelield area of Nelson. Marilyn Palmer has Ihe Conlerence Award went to the Queen using the techniques the miners would have described Whitetield and Sylvia's work in //,velvt Street Mill in Harl Syke. Queen Streel had received used. us who were lortunate substantially more votes than any other site, ,4J. Ihose of enough to The plant can now be run with the original visit Whiiefield her were overwhelmed by despite being vrsited at the end of the conferen(e with water turbine or with a (ontemporary oil engine passion when attendance numbers were lower. Tte mill, her and commitment in conserving this turning the stamps that crushed the ore and living community through run by Lancashire County Council's lvluseums area as a building hauling the in(line. The washing and drying refurbishment and in working to ameliorate some Servi(e, is the world's only intact surviving processes can also be demonstrated. of the more and unthinking excesses nineteenth-(entury steam powered weaving mill, dogmati( o, All this has been achieved from subscription both local and national government. brinqing history to lile with all the siqhts, sounds income and a limited number of granls and the Mark Sissons society are to be congratulated on a most authentic restoration. open days are just twice a v^ year but workinq parties are on site most Sundays and Wednesdays. AIA members would be made L G most welcome. r I : I .,{ 1 7Y I ') SHOT gets AIA President \ SH0I the American-based 'Society for the History ofTechnology', celebrated its 50th anniversary at 7 t its annual meeting, held this year in Washington v-o i Dc on 17-20 october.Ihe society was established '.J in 1957 on the initiative ol Professor Melvin Kranzberg, an outstanding historian oI technology and institutional statesman, who went on to create lcoHTEc (the lnternational Ii committee for the History ofTechnology) in Paris ten years later. lt was on this oc(asion, in '1968, I that Angus Bu(hanan, attending as the ,irst R British representative of ICOHTEC (he went on to become Secretary General and then President of Euchanan plesenR Award lan Steet Mill, in the engine house at Angus kight) the Confercnce to Gibgon lor Queen Queen the Committee), met Mel Kranzberg and struck Street. Photo: Ma Sissons up a firm friendship that only ended with the -t death of Mel in 1995. ) E I SHoT has acquired a range of Awards, the Yir' most prestigious of which is the Leonardo da li t I Vinci lvedal, awarded once a year to a leading I scholar in the History oI Technology. Angus received this Medal in 1989, and at the re(ent I Conference in Washington he joined the 11 other I surviving leonardo Medallists in a series of special sessions and television interviews. Tte Conference was well attended by over 400 t members, rellecting the remarkable success of the discipline in the Linited states, where the r J dimension of the subiect a 1 industrial archaeological ? has always been widely recognised. The anniversary celebrations will continue at Lisbon t next October, but before that ICoHTEC will be (elebrating its 40th anniversary at its symposium in Vancouver on 5-10 August 2008. Any member II I of the AIA who is interested in attending either Geotl Wallis of Dotothea Restotalons presents the Dorothea Award and chegue to John funet, Chaiman of the Kelly Mioe event can get more details from the President, ketevation sociely. Michael Messenget kight) repraated ke AIA on iE at the Kelly Mine Photo: lohn Shipnan Angus Buchanan ([email protected]).

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 9 NEWS

Volk's 1880 dynamo: a and a larger Siemens dynamo steam engines. A couple of years university. He said that the current '160 producing volts at 40 amps was ago the Engineerium was facing Head Department, obviously not tale of chance of obtained. The original dynamo was closure and its contentt collected so appreciative oI historic artefacts rediscovery presented to William jagq who was over many years by lonathan Minns, as Dr Hughei wanted the dynamo ln '1880 iilagnus Volk conceived a science lecturer at Brighton School put up tor audion. To make sure the got rid of as soon as possible. Tlere plan to illuminate his house in of science and Art, to assist in his dynamo was not lost the Chairman was also a lathe and an electric Brighton with electric light. At that demonstrations. What became of of Volkt Electric Railway motor which had also belonged to time there was no public electricity the gas engine is not recorded. Association (VERA), lan Gledhill, Magnus Volk. Ihe next morning a supply, so Magnus had no The Science Depanment of the contacted the Engineerium to see if visit confirmed that the dynamo and alternative but to make his own. school later became pan oI Brighton it was one of the items to be sold. lathe had belonged to Magnus. Two years earlier he had assisted his College oI Technology, later known lan was told that it was not David Burton was anxious to see friend William ,ago at a public as the Municipal Technical Collegg amongst the auction items, as it had both items preserved and told VERA lecture on the possibilities oI electric which opened its new building on not been part of .lonathan Minns' that if we wanted them we could light and remembered showing a Richmond Terrace in 1897. ln 1909 collection, but its current have them, but they had to go slide oI a dynamo manulactured by Dr Hughet the head oI the Electrical whereabouts were not known. quickly as the Head ot Department Siemens and Co. ol Woolwich. Department at the Technical .lonathan Minns later told VERA was getting agitated at this'junk' lnquiries to Woolwich produced a College, rediscovered the dynamo member Nick Kelly that it had been continuing to clutter up his corridor satistactory reply and a suitable among some relics. By quoting the reclaimed by the university, but VERA was given two weeks to dynamo was purchased and serial number to Siemens & Co., he nobody seemed to know exactly remove them. installed in the garden shed of was able to confirm that it was where it was. Considering that it had once lvlagnus's house at 40 Preston Road. indeed the original dynamo supplied Later, Nick happened to be powered the railway the dynamo is Driven by an otto gas engine to MagnusVolk in 1880, and as such visiting the university and on surprisingly small, standing only connected to the domesti( gas he put il on display as a historic walking down a corridor saw the about 3leet high, but it is also supply. the dynamo produced 50 artefact. ln 1970 the Technical dynamo just standing there against rema*ably heavy. lt is hoped to volts DC. This was more than College became part of Brighton the wall. He re(ognised it at once open a museum on Magnus Volk & enough for the light bulbs then Polytechnic, whi(h itself became and confirmed its identity by his railways. Meanwhile the dynamo available. Magnus thus became the Brighton University in 1992. By this checking the serial number. lt and lathe have been taken to safe first person in Brighton to have his time the Electrical Engineering seemed that the university were on storage and plans are in hand to house lit by electricity, as a result oI Department had moved lrom the point ofthrowing it out as scrap. have them on display soon. which he later won the contract to Richmond Terrace to Moulsecoomb. He pointed out to them its historic For the technically minded, the install the first eledric lights in the ln recent times the dynamo was value and said that if they didn't dynamo is a Siemens D5 self- Royal Pavilion. loaned out to the Engineerium want it VERA would like it. A few regulating shunt-wound dynamo, Two years later he and his now where it was displayed for some weeks later lan Gledhill was called generating 50 volts DC at 46 amps, growing family moved to a larger yeart though always looking a little by David Burton, who is in charge of running at 1280 rpm. lt was built at house in Gloucester Place, iust when out of place amongst all those the engineering laboratories at the the Siemens factory in Woolwich in a public electricity supply became 1878, serial no I179A. Ac(ording to available lor the Iirst time. The new an anicle written in 1984 by Doug home was soon conneded and his Hill, then lecturer in the electrical dynamo and gas engine were (a department of Brighton Polytechnic, rendered, temporarily at least, who had the dynamo refurbished in redundant. However, once the Royal 1978, the dynamo was still in Pavilion installation was completed working order at that time. irr Hill early in 1883, the two pieces of idle commented that being an early machinery and an eledric motor he I machine it was not very efficient had built lor a customer who had compared to modern generators, subsequently cancelled the order 7 and would have struggled to were available for another project. achieve 65% efficiency, so no He realised he had the basics for I wonder it would not have been Britain's first electric railway. adequate to power the larger cars Volk's Electric Railway opened V I Magnus used on the extended '1883. on 4 August The original car railway from 1884 onwards. was a lightweight affair, only 12 feet ) lan Gledhill & Jin Hawkins long with seats lor 10-t 2 '1..I passengers, powered with that o- ffif, unwanted electric motor. The MBE for IOM industrial electri(ity was generated using that archaeologist very same Siemens dynamo and Peter Geddes has received an IVIBE 0t1o gas enginq now installed in 1 as recognition of 25 years'work in one of the arches in the sea wall, local history projects. One oI his with which he had powered his proudest achievements was domestic electric lighting. overseeing the installation of the It has to be said the dynamo Snaefell mine waterwheel at Laxey was only just up to the task, so which was completed in 2006 (in when the railway was extended and time tor the AIA lsle of Man enlarged in the winter o, 1883-84, conference!). Magnus realised that something Magnus Volk's 1880 dynano- Found at last! more powerful needed would be Photo: lan Gledhill & lin Hawkint

10 INDUSTRIAL ARcHAEaLaGY NEWs 144 NEWS

u I -.l!

I \I |6 f :.t l, .L I i .r! i-iI:- I .,t a r\ -l A.lose-up view of Rlackpool fowet Photo: Ratry Hood fhe nagnificent ballroom at the Elackpool Towet

Blackpool Tower complex has the largest sprung was an accomplished musician) and very similar to a coal mine winding dance and several photographs gear now and had one memorable AIA 2007 lloor in the world and colourful but was obsolete Conference visit was to the another main attraction is the Tower posters. been replaced by smaller and very powerful Tower.lhe group was met and aquarium. We were shown behind the electri( motors. Ihe old Geoff Sage gear by Geoff sage, the complex showed us into the scenes in the area and visited the winding was too large to manager and (laughing) ex' Tower Circus where the stalf were elephant and horse stalls, no longer remove and has remained on site for policeman who used to do the busily cleaning up before the next occupied. Geoff explained that the last 15 years. performance. because animal We visited the changing rooms se(urity checks in the lower. He The spillage of oI logistics and popcorn apologised Ior not being able to and lemonade is a big welfare issues, they had to use as well and they looked very problem and makes the aisle carpets plastic days. 'You exactly spend more than an hour with us elephants these mundane and were not sticky but help the glamorous, you but he was so lull of enthusiasm for sales cash llow would hardly know the difference' especially when the place that he was with us for Geoff Sage was very enthusiastic he said and several ol us may have consider all the famous artistes (Arthur two hours. about the history of the complex looked a little incredulous. We were Askey, Duke Ellington, Cleo personalities passed The tower was an imitation oI and the who have introduced to Dangerous Dave, part Lane, etc) who have throuqh performed in it, especially the world whose job is maintenance rooms the EiffelTower of 1889. The lads in oI which them. Geoff said that the Lancashire are not shy when it famous clown, Charlie Cairoli, who includes replacing the thousands of were due to be upgraded but were came from stayed in typical of the period. comes to ambition and what is good ltaly but light bulbs on the outside of the Blackpool years. lilany enough lor hris is good enough for lor 40 ol us Tower. Abseiling down a steel strut Ihe AIA members declined the remember Blackpool. Ihe Tower took three still him but sadly he died Irom 400 feet, with a bagful of opportunity to dance to the performing years to build and opened in May in 1980. He was still in coloured light bulbs, was not melodious notes of the Wurliuer the were beautiful '1894. lt is not as tall as the Eiffel the circus and entertaining something the AIA members organ. The ballroom was crowds at the age 69. Geoff took keen practice. and gilded gold; various couples Tower but the height to the Crow's of to in Nest is 518 feet 9 inches, with us into the Charlie Cairoli Room Geoff and Dave took us onto were in full llow and had obviously which .ontained several his the rool We breath-taking views oI the beaches of oI the complex and into the trained as ballroom dancers. costumet musical instruments (he winding gear looked several couples were and surrounding countryside. The lift room. lt thought that trying to impress each other with their dancing technique but we t )I sneaked out belore anyone could L. offer to show us the ropes on the dance lloor t The linal tour was in the lift to I the viewing platform, 480 feet above the base. Ihe views were magniflcent. The tide was out and we saw miles and miles olsand and ,-! promenade and mile after mile of Blackpool. It was a memorable trip and we were most gratelul to Geoff sage and Dangerous Dave for their time and patience in showing us to the E more exotic parts ol the Blackpool H Tower. W Barry Hood A Charlie Caircli oudit ditplayed at Blackpool from the fowu ElackpoolTower Photo: Batry Hood

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 11 NEWS

5t Pancras lnternational coming into the Capital could The excellent new platforms in [ondon on 5 December by passengers. The beneath northwest pan Gwyneth Dunwoody MP, chairman on the evening of Tuesday 13 interchange the of the journey central Pancras lnternational Commons Select November last year Eurostar ceased awkward across station at St of the Transport London with business at Waterloo international luggage lrom terminus for what used to beThameslink also committee, These awards were terminus many people King's instituted 1979 the object of station and on 14 November re- to is for came into use on that date. in with Capital a Cross Thameslink the encouraging standards of opened at 5t Pancras. Eurostar trains unfamiliar with the station in high good had already visited St Pancras considerable disincentiv€ to through Pentonville Road closed lor on structural restoration and station using the long tunnel from travel. 8 December. Tle interchange with environmental care by amateur apprehension, groups Dagenham and two sNCt bo-bo Despite a little tirst Capital Connect trains to involved in railway lhe Eurostar service from 5t Pancras Bedlord and Brighton is now much preservation, later diesel-electric locomotives with a and were via more convenient. by special test coach have been stabled lnlernational to the Continent extended to restoration work public at Ebbsfleet. This outfit had the job Stratford through the Channel The opening of St Pancras and commercial organis- public of verilying that all was well Tunnel did start on time on lnternational Station to the ations as well as by private - between Continental lunction and Wednesday l4 November 2007. was an unexpected shock what an individuals restoring operational or Some keen enthusiasts 5t Pancras in time lor the new train travelled out anti climax. On the evening of the redundant railway structures. Ihe leave Iirst day, Wednesday November winners were announced by Steven services to start. A large work lorce on the last Eurostar to 14 Waterloo has been employed at St Pancras to and returned on the first 2007, there was nothing there'just Brindle from English Heritage, one St Pancras. The refurbished a shed bereft or racilities. who get things ready by mid November. into bare train aulhot ol Erunel: the Man Built (2005) f600 million has been spent at and extended station had been The long Champagne bar was the World and Paddington re-opened a St Pancras, tlventy times as much as officially by HM the simply a row of seats along Station: its History and Architecture grand pladorm. (2004). the total of f30 million needed to Queen with ceremony on Not what one had been Tuesday 6 November.A nice touch tully rcstorc Cutty Sark(see lA News at imagining from the enormous The lan Allan Publishing this Royal opening was an actor, publicity; a swiz. Year 142, page 11). Ihe latter is an Heritage Railway of the Award Imothy playing part passed essential investment for Greenwich, West, the of However as the days went to the south Devon Railway William Henry He addressed judges' a poor London Borough. Compared Barlow. and more and more oI the shops for what in the opinion presented with air travel a Eurostar journey lhe Queen as the lvlidland Railway's and eating tacilities opened, St the best all round enqineer responsible for the oriqinal Pancras has been emits just ten percent oI the carbon translormed into achievement in meeting the dioxide. lt could be argued that the design of the station. something rather magical, especially expectations ol visitors to a heritage 0n l\4onday 12 November 2007 in the evenings, and it has become a line. The lan Allan Publishing Award, f600 million spent at St Pancras is no Eurostar trains could be seen place pre-Christmas given to the best in this essential to save the Planet. Having at to visit. The overallentry year's the Eurostar terminus nonh of the the North Pole Junction depot, atmosphere was terrific. The competition, went to the had Transport Thames, conveniently next to King's Wormwood Scrubs. They overriding consideration was to Passenger probably Temple make the really Cross and near other major railway already left lor sure that trains did Executive lor ihe magnilicent Mills in the lea Valley by date. start on 14 November, and they did. restoration stationt will encourage far more that and transformation of The new from (see photograph). travellers from north o, London to timings 5t Pancras to 5hops, caf6s and entertainment had station Continent came force use rail rather than fly. the fully into to wait. The Modern Railways December most Although planned in the 1860s, on 9 2007 when Robeft Can Restoration Award for the most London never had a grand central other Iresh UK timetables were meritorious entry in the commercial implemented. station at which all the railway lines The National Railway sector went to Arup/Allies and Morrison for the splendid new Heritage Awards for Western licket Hall at King's Cross 2007 5t Pancras Underground Station, a The presentation of the 2007 boon to those ol us who have had to National Railway Heritage Awards pick our way from the mainline was made in l\4erchant Taylor's Hall station during the recent building

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f*en on the frRt day ol seNice operation, lr/ednesday 14 Novenber 2007, ahe photogtaph show the inteior ol the Willian Earlow thihshed looking nofth. Many people are dinking fhe rcstored Gilway station and Sheaf Square in Sheflield with its 'Cunihg Edge' stdinless chanpagne Photo:RlMcarr steel sculpture ,ecallinq the city's role in the production ol tteel Photo: Robin teleux

12 INDUSTRIAL AR:HAE)L)GY NEws 144 NEWS works lor the creation oI St Pancras said, the judging is done by an ever- lnternational for Eurostar trains. expanding team ofiudges who have The westinghouse Signalling travelled many miles and braved DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS Award for the best restored signal rampant bullocks in the course of box or signalling installation was dutyl [4arilyn Palmer sits on the won iointly by the Severn Valley Panel ofAdiudicators (yes, I do have Railway (Holdings) plc for Bewdley an interest in the technological as South Signal Box and by Network well as social aspects ol industrial Dorothea Restorations has buih a reputation for Rail/Construction lVarine lor archaeology!) and can also provide deliwring traditional and specialist engineering services Falsgrave Signal Box in information on the awards, which to those wtro arc loohng after our industrial'fieritage. Scarborough. The London Ljnder- do a very good iob in maintaining ground Accessibility lmprovement the heritage value of our railway Customers range from engineering Award went to the Stannah Lifi network and encouraging public as enthtEiasts to National Museums Services for its sympathetic well as private operators to meet installation oI new passenger lifts at very high standards. Example Work completed: Hove Station. the Railway Heritage Matilyn Palmer . Atmospheric raiM.4/ Irust Conservation Award for the . best restored listed structure in ARCUS finds a toilet Hydraulic Cabfalque which the Trust had been involved Butcher Works in Arundel Street is . ThTlrd6 19l8ww motor rail went Network Rail for to their truly one of Sheffield's most important (l!sr dl Channel 4 Sahiage Squad) magnificent restoralion o, New surviving cutlery and edge tool . [rq/Wbterwheel lsh of Man Bailey Street Bridges in Salford. workshops and is listed Grade ll*.lt For his work in turning Dent . Fort+Caftau (Bridee offrourlts). is built round the four sides o, a Station House on the Settle and courtyard, with a tall central Carlisle Railway unique into a chimney; the main parts date lrom holiday cottage, Robin Hughes won the 1820s and 1850s. lt had many the First Engineering Craft Skills sets of grinding troughs where Award quality for the high material grindstones were driven from he had used in the conversion. is lt lineshafting, and one range had the highest station mainline station Whal.y Brldge Oftlce Tel:01663 733544 Fax0l663 734521 these on three Iloors, supported on in Britain and is already available Brlstol Omrc. Tell0llT 9715337 Fa*Ol17977 1677 for brick arches and cast iron columns. hire! Em.ll: [email protected]$tontlona.com W & S. Butcher was a leading The GNER Volunteers Award VV.b: www.dorothe.rc.toratlona.co.ul firm oI manufacturers and was shared between the Swanage merchants, particularly in the Railway for the Southern Railway Eramah pan closet toilet, probably press and jack and the fountain pen, important North America trade in footbridge lormerly in use at Merton used by the company's directors.Ihe developed a famous improved lock, the early nineteenth century belore Park and now installed Corfe surviving cast-iron bowl would and contributed to the development in it established its own steel and Castle station, and the Severn Valley oriqinally have been topped by a ol machine tools. Henry Maudslay, cutlery industries. Tle firm remained GWR type ceramic bowl, possibly decorated. another famous name in that field, Railway for the replica here well into the twentieth century Pagoda shelter erected at The engineer and inventor joined him in 1789 and became his waiting l/ore recently the works has housed Northwood Halt. All those present Joseph Bramah (1749-1814) foreman, but left 1797, a variety of small firms, some in the in congratulated developed the firstwidely used Ilush supposedly alter a disagreement the Severn Valley cutlery trade (particularly scissor Railway on their hard work in toilet, which was superseded in the over pay. making). lt was very atmospheric, raising lunds to meet the enormous late nineteenth century by the valve While Bramah spent his adult and was used severaltimes as a film cost the damage done the line closet toilet that we use today. lile in London, he was born at of to set for Victorian period s(enes. Now by last summer's floods. Bramah also invented the hydraulic Stainborough Lane Farm near it has been relurbished as the Network Rail Partnership Barnsley. His biographer lan McNeil apartments by J. t Finnegan. The Award was won Hulland (loseph Banah: Century of by the East conversion has been carelully done A Yorkshire MIND lnvention, David & Charles, 1968) Charity for the and has preserved most oI the points out that this was only a few sensitive conversion and creation o, buildings, though some oI the vibrant Arts Centre former miles from the Wonley Iorges, a in the atmosphere has gone. where a mechanically minded boy Parcels office at Bridlington station. A team ol ar(haeoloqists from The Association could have seen much of interest. of Train operating ARCUS (Archaeological Research Companies' Environment There are two plaques to Bramah in Station and Consultancy at the University of silkstone church. while Barnsley Award was won by TransPennine Sheffield) have surveyed the annual Bramah Express for their high level ol all buildings and unravelled their council sponsors an Lecture local and industrial round care and custodianship oI complex history over the last two on many heritage stations. history which is presented jointly lheir years. one aspect was the toilets in next year's with the soulh Yorkshire lndustrial lnformation about the works. Toilets were not provided /, '))/ History So(iety. the next Bramah awards can be obtained Irom the lor the workers until the late NRHA Public Relations officer, Mike Lecture i5 on 31 March 2008, at the nineteenth century when a curved mike.lamport@ Cooper Gallery Barnsley, when lamport at block was constructed around the lt"/ btinternet.com. As the Chairman Harold Taylor will speak about the of chimney basq so that two of the judges, hard-working Robin lime trade at CaMhorne Easin at the cubicles would have been heated teleux, author fhe the head of the Barnsley Canal. ol when the chimney was in use. Regional Histoty the Derck Eayliss in the of ARCUS also discovered and restored fhe Bznah toilPt at found Railways of Great R tarnseriet has a rare mid-nineteenth century

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 13 NEWS

John Wilkinson into the Iuture, because the parish the Science Museum's artefacts are internationally famous tunnel council not have money now there. Tte library opening was constructed by the Brunels in 1825- Monument does available from within its limited the first opportunity for all 43 and listed Grade ll*. lt is 200th luly 2008 marks the budget. For further inlormation and disappointed supporters to meet expeded that civil engineering work anniversary death the of the of details of the.iuly event, I can be and consider the Iuture after the will take place at both ends of this ironmaster lohn Wilkinson. His cast- contacted by email at: 'lnspired'project (see lA News 143, tunnel. ln Rotherhithe the histori( iron monument in Lindale, and the [email protected]. page 13) was dropped as a circular brick shaft used by the area in which it standt is (ared for lane Hall contender in the People's f50 Brunels at the start ol their by Allithwaite Upper Parish Council, Million Lottery Giveaway. (Sustrans' mammoth tunnelling work will When it was suggested that the New Science Museum Connect2 proiect was voted the become surplus to requirements and monument looked scruffy and eventual winner.) lt is stlll intended is to be leased to the Brunel Engine needed repainting, we discovered Library at Wroughton to develop a substantial museum on House Museum who will make use that had been virtually no The new Science lvluseum tibrary at there the site. although perhaps on a ol it lor additional displays. maintenance or salety checks sin(e Wroughton was near Swindon slightly reduced scale. Tte planned vehicular ac(ess to the major restoration in 1984. waldegrave on opened by Lord Robeft Caff the Thames Tunnel never took place council commissioned triday 7 December 2007. Ihe new The and it was sold for railway use in consulting engineers, who removed reading room on the south east of The Botanic Gardens 1865. A line from the IBSC railway the plaque which has a raised Wroughton Aerodrome has facilities Garage at New Cross Gate was built impression of Wilkinson's head. Ihe for up to 30 readers at time. A a through the tunnel to a terminus at space revealed was big enough lor short distance away is Library the Botanic Gardens Garage is the the and oldest garage surviving in Wapping on the north bank the engineer to crawl inside the store, a new building inside a former motor possibly open€d in 1869. Ihis line was later monument and, of hangar. With km oI shelving, it is Glasgow and quite with the aid l8 extended northwards by Sir lohn planks, anywhere in the UK. Euilt in some inqenious ladders and climate controlled and very suitable Hawkshaw to give access to to take a good look. Happily, there for the long-term storage rare Vinicombe Street in 1906-12, it was oI Liverpool Street Station in 1876.Ihe are no serious defects, but the report items. Library has more designed by David V Wyllie, and has Ihe than Terriers distinctive lagade green and celebrated Erighton advises remedial and maintenance 6,000 items pre-1800. As well as a of glazed designed by William Stroudley in work to the interior as part of any books there are personal papers of white terracotta tiles. lt has a 1872 were locomotives which refurbishment programme. There is important scientists, technologists been recently upgraded to worked this line, the ni(kname rusting and pitting we plans, Category A listing by Historic some and and engineers, including deriving from their activity of were surprised to learn that the dyelines, photographs, trade Scotland, recognising the building's national bunowing underground. Fifty were monument is not actually fastened literature and so on. and international rarity and built 1872-81 and ten survive. What down, but rests on its own weight. Readers architectural signifi cance. Howeve4 familiar with the successlul engines they is also on the official Buildings At were. What started as a simple idea to Scien(e Museum Library in London it Register, Robeft Carr repaint the monument and hold some will recognise many items formerly Risk maintained by the celebrations in the village, has on the shelves there. lt should still Scottish Civic Trust. Ihe building is safe in the short London Transport escalated into a full-scale be possible lor readers in London to term now that owners Arnold Clark community proiect .We must raise have a(cess to most of the books at Museum re-opens have withdrawn a plan to demoli5h sums in excess of f21,000, which is Wroughton. There is a 24-hour The museum re-opened on 22 considerably more than we had shuttle-service transferring material this building and replace it with a November 2007 after a f22m 4-storey incorpor- originally bargained for! Ihe good between Wiltshire and South new structure refurbishment lasting two years, flats, cottages, retail space, news is that the County Coun(il has Kensington. The new Library has ating with funding from HtF. restaurant. campaign to already made a grant available more room than it had in South and a A save the building by restoration and specifically lor the cost of an Kensington and is a wonderful asset Japanese silver mine interpretation panel, which will be for the locality, There are 420,000 re-use, not demolition, has the Ihe lwami Ginzan silver mine on erected at the site to explain items there. following website: www.botanicgardensgarage.org Honshu lsland in lapan, whi(h dates somehing of the Wilkinson story We It is the intention to develop the and can be contacted by email back to the sixteenth century has also recently received a kind donation fa(ility at Wroughton into a major at inf [email protected] been added to the UNEsco World from the Cumbria lndustial History international anraction Ior scholars. Heritage List alongside 15 other So(iety for which we are very grateful. Seeing the pre-eminence of lhe Closure of East London su(cesslul woddwide bids. It is unlikely that lunding willbe material held this should not prove in place to carry out lhe major dilficuh. Unlike most research line works in time for July, but we are libraries this one will be lreely open The East tondon railway line Wealden lron lndustry keen that various aspects of the to the whole general public. presently part of the underground The Tebbutt Research Fund has original proiect will still go ahead. There was a period of system closed on Saturday 22 grants available towards research They include educational work considerable disagreement betlveen December 2007 for two and a half into any aspect of the Wealden lron involving Iindale School, unveiling the Science lvluseum and lmperial years while extensive works take lndustry or subjects pertaining to it. the interpretation panel and events College over the future o, the place. When these are completed it Applicants may be individuals or at Castle Head as well as a village Science Museum Library, with a will emerge in june 2010 as a new groups, who should write a letter social event. Details of the strong possibility that the Library part ol London Overground with giving details oI themselves celebration weekend. planned for (ollection would be broken up and extensions to Dalston Junction in together with relevant information July l9120, will be publicised soon. dispersed. Howeve4 with the help oI the north and Crystal Palace and con(erning the research envisaged. We hope the July event5 will f3 million from the Government it West Croydon in the south. lt is This should be sent by 31 llarch raise much needed ,unds towards did not happen and this important reponed that track is already being 2008 to David Brown, Hon Sec the cost of the work on Wilkinson's collection will remain intact at a laid on the disused route to Wealden lron Research Group,2 monument and the setting up of a more remote location. Peckham which is to be reinstated. West Street Farm Cottages, permanent fund to ensure that it is Ihe aerodrome at Wroughton The line passes under the Maynards Green, Heathfield, 5ussex properly managed and maintained covers 550 acres and 90 per cent of Thames by means of the TN21 ODG,

14 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEoLoGY NEws 144 NEWS

A new engine house at Everyone interested in presenting a Hereford ! paper is requested to send the complete title and its summary on The RotheMas Engine House at the -'l one A4 page (about 500 wordd by Waterworks Museum Hereford was 11 29 February 2008. For further opened by Chris Chappell, the t-t information, please see the website: [4ayor 1 ol Herelord, on 30 September www.mnactec.comnlCClH/ 2007 over guests and I with 250 , Chengdu is the capital of visitors r,:_ -- ,---!--.-L--.-3 in attendance. lnside is the a ,l Sichuan Province, which { J within 170bhp Blackstone engine of 1939 F __:_-._ I there are five World Heritage Sitet which had been important in lire n I among which the Dujiangyan fighting at the Rotherwas munitions J lrrigation System is the ancient rescued factory. lt was Irom a irrigation engineering, listed as the bunker September 2006 and in first lndustrial Heritage in China. ln taken to the museum to be put in a and around Chengdu city there are new HLF. building, helped by Ihe industrial heritage museums and mayor started the diesel engine by sites su.h as the Museum ot compressed air and it now lorms a - lndustrial Civilization, Museum o, perfect centrepiece of the museum's fhe rcstored Elackstone engine and the Mayot of Huelord in the new Rotheryas Engine Printing. iruseum oI Traditional House Photo: Watenyo*s Museun Herefotd new exhibition of Herelord in vwll. Paper Making, Museum ol 5hu The engine was donated Collins by 8ro(ade Museum oI Jinsha site, etc. Engineering Pontrilas, ltd of Ihe plan includes a World Heritage and regenerate the local area. Ile city also has operating a local Herefordshire. The Waterworks Site gateway and parkland at Pool, providing a strong platform for mini train, running since the Museum Hererord has been including a performance space for tuture development.' 193os.The conference will not only awarded the lvluseum Accreditation events and artwork, educational reveal industrial heritage sites with commendation. Iacilities and cycle links to local around Chengdu, but also show papers TICCIH calls for exhibits about industrial heritage Heartlands Project trails. Local MP Julia Goldsworthy for said the project would create 'an in China elsewhere in PR.China. mining district inspiring new landscape equipped the lnternational Committee for the Conference participants are over f22m lottery funding has been with great facilitiet rather than an Conservation of the lndustrial asked to register their interest in given to regenerate an historic area eyesore you would rather avoid. Heritage is holding its first attending the Chengdu conlerence in the hean ol the Cornish Mining this project will deliver fantastic conlerence in China, at Chengdu by 1 March 2008. Final registration World Herirage Sire near Camborne. new seryices and will re-energise Ciry on 1-4 september 2008. must be paid by 1 August, 2008.

REGIONAL NEWS

Yorkshire time before the museum can reopen century. The Brandling lamily legacr Phase two oI the public. Murray's The lloods after heavy rainlall last to the Rotherham l\4useumt developed the Middleton Railway regeneration o, Matthew like Sheffield, had their social history (1758) to carry coal into trom Round Foundry under way, and ,une affeded many areas of South is a the oI the Park. There many convert Dry Sand toundry and EastYorkshire, and reminded us reserve collection stored in foot are will the periods, Engine of the destructive power of water. building that was flooded, and lost mining remains of different 101 Water tane, and the into The name comes Many homes were llooded, notably much o, it. and the Friends of Middleton Park House offices. The Irom a circular casting hall of 1802, in Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncaster biggest drama was the are carrying out an archaeological fire in 1875. some ot and Hull. ln Sheflield the A6102 to thr€at that Ulley Reservoir's earth survey as a Lottery Iunded destroyed by a project, supervised by the converted buildings are now the was badly undermined dam near Rotherham would community Round toundry Media Centre, and a south ol , where there collapse. lt was built in 1874 for lilartin Roe of Meerstone Archaeological plaque 1929 records Murray's was a history ol problems back to water supply to Rotherham but Consultancy, A of bought by the Borough council in survey has recorded almost 280 achievemenG. A new plaque in a the nineteenth century and il is park, is the unlikely to reopen until later this 1986 as a country which mine shafu, and tound evidence for series to commemorate popular Hunslet, Leeds, year A brick bridge of c1860 over lor water sports. Erosion the medieval management of the industrial heritage of the Don, on a minor road to appeared during the rains and woodland. This winter key areas are marks the site oI the Midland Wardsend was washed floodt and a collapse would have b€ing surveyed in more detail. Engine Works oL & H Mc[aren, inundated many homes, major Similarly, of West founded in 1876 and moved to the away. An active archaeological a a survey of the site electricity substation and part of the Bowlinq Golf Club, , before Airedale Works, Hunslet Road, in excavation on an industrial site in pumping Iirm made steam enginet Sheffield, and one just completed, Ml. A massive operation redevelopment found traces ol an 1946. The lowered level and removed nineteenth-century ploughing was Ilooded. the the eighteenth and traction engines and programme Christine Ball described the threat. Now a of landscape. Despite later engines, and lrom 1926 it was maker of high damage at Kelham lsland Museum investigations and design work is in disturbance, evidence was found of Britain's first volume progress. lt is likely that the reservoir and speed diesel engines. in lA News 143, page 12.fhe rivet coal and ironstone mining agriculture. historic Kirkstall Forge site wall and car park need to be rebuilt. will be remodelled, the overflow Ihe channel and spillways map at in leeds is being redeveloped. ilost The construction ol a one-tenth Iilled in new A new interactive has been demolished, but the listed scale Brooklyn Bridge as part oI the built. The work will take until www.holbeckurbanvillage.co.uk autumn 2009. (elebrates the work of the pioneers forge building will be kept and listed Upp€r Don Walk has been Park in cottages refurbished. lt was claimed postponed. After a massive cleaning Middleton to the south oI o, the lndustrial Revolution Leeds has mining Holbeck, Leeds, and 5hows how the be Britain's oldest iron workt operation, changes are being made a history of coal to trom at least the early seventeenth Urban Village is preserving their Iounded by the cistercian monks oI to the displayt but it will be some

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 15 REGIONAT NEWS

Kirkstall Abbey and active for over Crossley, who carried out with cellar; it is hoped to conserve and a project officer, and funds are 750 years. lt was run lor generations excavations in the 1970s and 80s ar these, possibly with some public being sought for repairs to permit by the Butler Iamily. lron making the Furnace and the earlier Rockley access. Several other sets oI crucible limited running of the wheel. ended in the 1920s and it then smithies, now under the M1. holes, from demolished works, have Excavation by MAP specialised in making axles and Conservation work, Iunded by been found on the same large Archaeo log ica I Associates at the site other heavy steel drop forgings, English Heritage and two local development site. Excavations by of High Town Glassworks, closing in 2002. The 1o-year trusts, was (arried out in october to York Archaeological Trust at the site Castleford, found remains of the development is estimated to cost repair and consolidate the standing oI Union Forge, Savile street, which early twentieth-(entury glassworks f240m. The rare waterpowered tilt brickwork at the Society's site at worked as a steam hammer forge and a late nineteenth century hammer is in situ and no decision Bower spring, Sheffield. This has the until 1995, found a crucible furnace brickworks, and confirmed that has been reached about its future. A remains oI two steel cementation cellar, the bases of two cementation there was an earlier glassworks. 60-ton anvil, which took two days to furnaces of c1828, which survive in furnaces, and a reverberatory Archaeological evaluation has been excavate, has gone to a forge in cross section so that the internal furnace, possibly an open hearth recommended for the site of the South Yorkshire. features can be seen, and it now furnace for making steel but town's earliest pottery Russell's (or lmportant Yorkshire textile mills stands by the latest extension of the probably a reheating furnace. the Mere) Pottery probably founded still on the English Heritage city's lnner Relief Road. A new conservation area at in 1770 and used until the late Buildings at Risk Register include Archaeological excavations on John Street, Sheffield, covers Stag twentieth century as part of l\4anningham Mill, Bradford; Hunslet development sites in Sheffield have works (l877lor Lee &Wigfull, silver Castleford Pottery. ln East Yorkshire, Mill. leeds; and Warerloo N4ill, continued to find many remains of and electroplated goods) and an exhibition in Beverley last 5ilsden. Another is Lumb Mill at crucible steelmaking. As the areas Portland Works, Randall Street summer recalled the long industrial Wainstalls, a remote lo(ation north where the process was most used (1877 for R t l\4osley, (utlery history of the town's Beckside west of Halifax. lt began as a water- are being extensively redeveloped, manufacturers). New listings in district at the head oI the navigable powered cotton spinning mill in this is a once-only opportunity. The sheffield at Grade ll include three Beverley Beck. lt was a centre for 1803 and was converted to worsted process was developed by Benjamin cutlery works (the 1850s Don tanning and leather working from yarn spinning in the 1820s. Water Huntsman in Handsworth and Cutlery Works in Doncaster Street, the fourteenth century and later had power was used until 1953, when it around 1742, using bars Sellers Wheel in Arundel Street, and boatyards, an animal feed mill, an failed and produ(tion was Irom cementation furnaces as raw 48 50 Garden Street ) while the line engineering works and a gasworks. translerred to a new building. The material. lt was the main group of 1850s-70s cutlery works in The Yorkshire Dales National replacement mid-nineteenth century steelmaking process until Bessemer lvilton Street, Eye-Witness Work5 Park has commissioned surveys of pitchback wheel is being restored developed his Converter in the late (home ol Kitchen Devil knives) and the Burtersett stone quarries in '1850t privately, but the mill building is and it continued in u5e in Beehive Works, have been upgraded Wensleydale, which have been now used for motor repairs. Sheffield until 1q72 to ll*. traced back to the mid-tenth Shaw Lodge Mills, Boyes Lane, Most firms had anything from Wheel, the water- century, and the Stone House Halifax, mentioned in the last five crucible holes upwards, but a powered cutlery grinding wheel Marble Works in Dentdalq which report, have been listed at Grade ll*. few examples have been found in mentioned in the last report, has had two water-powered mills, one A well preserved textile warehouse, recent excavations, Ior example in been partly demolished after a for sawing and one for polishing, lndia Euildings, 88 Horton Street, the crofts area ofl Tenter Street, of photographic record was made. The and closed in 1907. The Park is Halifax, which is listed Grade ll, has single crucible holes. Nothing has back wall, foundations and water supporting the Kettlewell Historic been recommended for recording been found in the literature to turbine have been kept. An intact lndustries Project in Wharfedale, belore development. Legrams lvlill, 1 explain these; one idea is that they grinding wheel in the Porter valley, funded by the Local Heritage Summerville Road, Bradford, was may have been used by very small Shepherd Wheel, dating back at lnitiative, to improve access to the built in the 1870s and later as a and specialised edge tool firms. A least to 1584 but with buildings of lead smelt mill and other industrial worsted spinning mill with combing previously unsuspected and well around 1800, was formerly open to sites, and increase public sheds, to designs by the Bradford preserved crucible shop cellar was the public, but the dam is silted up understanding of the industrial architects Lockwood and lvlawson, found by ARCUS at the Titanic Steel and leaking and there are now only history oI the village. Recent listings and is listed Grade ll. Again, Works, Malinda Street, which also occasional open days. Funding has include a rare sighting tower at llton archaeological recording has been has a listed standing crucible shop been found for a survey of the dam near Harrogatq built in 1903 to recommended before development, verify the alignment of carlesmoor as it was for Sprinqlield Mills, aqueduct which supplied Harrogate Stanningley, built in the late with water from Roundhill reservoir. nineteenth century for boot and The Heritage Lottery Fund has shoe manufacture but later granted f42,100 to Kirklees Culture converted to worsted manufacture. and [eisure services, working with 2007 saw the 50th anniversary Jfl"EE the canal based lvlikron Theatre of the acquisition of Rockley iron L"-*'ri Company and British Waterwayt to furnace, near Birdwell, Barnsley, for promote the inland waterways preservation by what is now the network among young people. An South Yorkshire lndustrial History ffi archaeoloqical watchinq brief has Society.The furnace was built c1700, been recommended for repair work used until the 1740s or later, and ^r, on Paddock Foot aqueduct on the briefly reused around 1800 with a ffi Hudderslield Narrow Canal, one ol change to coke fuel.0n the same J:! the few to survive relatively site is a ruined Newcomen engine { unchanged from the Canal's house with an 1813 datestonq for construction in ('1794-18'11. The draining an iron ore {and coal?) a consultants Arup, with a grant oI mine. The anniversary was marked The oucible cellar on the Union Forge site in Savile Street Shellield f85,000 from the development by a lecture to the Society by David agen(y Yorkshire torward, have

15 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEwS 144 REGIONAL NEWS reported on the problems ol steel plate which had been Iouling replacing the collapsed Norwood the flywheel. Equal Cast lron Restoration Tunnel on the Chesterfield Canal, acknowledgement is due to Keith and suggest that a surface route Hinde and the preservation trust Cast lron Welding Services, 3 generations with new jock! would be feasible. who negotiated all this. The guided of cait iron welding experience. Ihe centenary of the collapsg which busway along the abandoned Conservation and rastoration of historic/herhage cut off the canal's Derbyshire stretch, Cambridge to St lves bran(h is monuments, bridges, architectural iron work, fountains, rain and the plans for restoration, rvere under construction, but as a water hoppers with cracks and corrosion that require marked by festivities at Kiveton Park consequence almost all the preservation are redored with a unique pre-heat and fusion in october surviving structures are being welding process which matches the damaged base material. Sheflield still has two former demolished, including a rather nice lntricate dstail is rqstored to its original condition. Crackad horse tram depots, Tinsley (1874) three arch bridge taking the over to vintago engine blockr and cylinder heads are also restored and (,1878), both listed.Ihe Longstanton road across a cutting. without expansive patt€rn and re-manufaduring co$15. We Tinsley depot housed the Sheffield After much local lobbying Histon have a fully fitted machine shop for all machining Bus Museum until recently, but that station, the only one complete with requirement3. has now moved to Aldwarke, canopy, is being preserved, and the Project management qonlultation and quotations, Rotherham, as the South Yorkshire gatekeeper's hut lrom Histon has Jransport Museum. The Heeley been dismantled for re-erection. depot has been converted to Plans for Foster's steam mill in apartments, though the developer Cambridge, already including flats in La demolished the entrance arch the main building, now envisage 'l without permission in ,anuary 2007, moving the records of the county G claiming that gales had lelt it and Cambridge into the silo. the unstable, and was required to private owners of Willingham smock rebuild it. mill are making good progress with E The Grade ll* listed Wicker its restoration, with sails under c],il.rq rq l!,ri,. &,dg.tlfi,h Archer a stone viadud oI40 archet construction, hopefully to be 660 yards lonq, buih in 1849 to innalled shortly. At the Cambridge carry the Manchester, sheffield and Museum of Technology, now the Samson Road, Hermitage lndustrial Estate, lincolnshire Railway across the Don boiler repairs are completed and the Coalville, Leicestershire LE57 3FP valley and to support Sheffield main Hawthorn Davey engine is Tel:01530 811308 Victoria station, have been added to being steamed again, work has Email: [email protected] the Buildings at Risk Register. They started on overhauling the lirst of CA t Web: www.casti ronweldlnE.co. uk 'Y' have suffered decades of neglect, the 94hp type gas engines lrom tron welling seruices hl. and a damp course inserted in 1990 the National Gas Engine Co. of has lailed. A proposal to demolish Newcastle-under-Lyne, which two or three arches for a road hopefully will be back in service in industrialists the Crittalls and the opened, though the poor summer scheme was narrowly averted, and a time lor its centenary in 2009. Hunts ol Earls Colne. may have been a factor in this. ln statement by Network Rail that 'we During 2007 the Essex County Also in Essex, the Museum of Lowestort the replating and treat it the same as any other Council Historic Envtonment Record Power in Langford is trying to secure restoration ol the last steam drifter bridge' is not very reassuring, but (ECCHER) commenced fieldwork on the future of the '1904 'tin lhe Lydia Eva, is und$ way with the the Arches continue to carry goods two more (omparative surveys of tabernacle'of 5t lvary's lvission in help oI a large lotlery grant, and it trains to and from Stocksbridge industrial monumentt following 17 South Woodham furrers. Ihis was is hoped also to get the engines steel works. previous surveys including lndustrial erected to serve a rapidly growing working so she can put to sea under Derck Eayliss and David Cant Housing, Ihe Malting lndustry and population. Ihe intention is to re- steam again. Whether she will Poor taw Buildings. The latest erect it on the museum site to be attempt to repeat the trip to Kings reports comprise a countywide both exhibit and much needed Lynn made alter she was lirst East Anglia survey ol extant watermills and display space. ln June the Essex Fire restored is less certain. takenham Ihere are perhaps two themes this Steam Mills and little by little a Museum was opened in the former Gas works l\4useum has also had a year: lhe conversion of industrial survey of the entire active and Auxiliary Fire Service garage at good year with better publicity and buildings to apartments and officet redundant Railway Netvvork. Ihese Grays Fire Station. Ihis museum is increased visitor numbers, even and the reliance oI any preseruation projects aim to identify and record very much the work of Roger though only open onlhursdays. lt is schemes on individuals or local each site, assess signilicance and Pickett, a now retired Iirelighter hoped next year to also open at initiativet though the Essex County statutory designations and olfer who has been collecting artefacts, weekends in high summer. Perhaps Council systematic recording oI its recommendations for Iuture site photographs and memorabilia since its popularity may be increased by industrial monuments puts all other management. As part of the 1983 and has become Assistant the Skaledale gasworks kits in the local authorities to shame. lndustrial Housing report in 2006, Curator. lnitial fundinq came from Hornby Railway range, which are ln Cambridgeshirq the Stretham recommendations were made Ior the Essex Fire Authority. 0pening very much based on Fakenham! old Engine problems are at last new Conservation Areas and times are rather restricted by its At Gressenhall rural life solved thanks to Ross Childers, the Conservation Area extensions to presence on an operational station. museum (now called 'Roots') the engineer ofthe Middle Fen Drainage incorporate industrial housing ln Norfolk, the Time and Tide boiler has been overhauled and Board who worked with the across the county. Since then four Museum in the old Tower Curing returned, so their stationary steam Waterbeach Level Drainage Board Conservation Area extensions have Works in Yarmouth (which the AIA engines should be working for to solve the problem ol the jammed been designated to include visited as a working site during the special events. Less happy is the scoop wheel. A fitter, working in a Courtauld'Tudor' cottages and early Norwich Conference) has proved total lack of any news about the very con{ined space, has also twentieth-century Garden City style very successful, with visitor numbers unique New Mills Compressor succeeded in repairinq the broken industrial housing built by local 400/0 above those predicted when it station, which compressed air lor

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 17 REGIONAL NEWS

the Schone ejectors used in the Irom the sugar refining process to for craftsmanship now provides staned well but came to a sudden Norwich sewerage system. One provide heat for glasshouses. accommodation lor the vulnerable halt when Chris Hulcoop fell lrom a disastrous suggestion was to tinally we come to Suffolk. Here and homeless. Another recent ladder and broke his arm. Here the convert it to a restaurant, which too there are business closures, conversion is in Halesworth, where roundhouse is in fair shape and would of course mean removing notably Storeys ol Brantham which the long empty North sea Telegraph houses all the original machinery most or all of the machinery at went into administration in the booster station has been converted but the buck was almost non- present very largely intact and the sprinq..lhis site houses one ol the into housing. existent. An aluminium rool is being only thing to give meanjng to the world's first plastics factories, LJndoubted losses include installed to keep the roundhouse buildinq. Also in Norwich, making Xylonite (better known as Marriaqe's steam Ilour mill at dry At Pakenham watermill the top conversion proceeds apace at celluloid). 0n the current'Buildings Felixstowe Dock, along with the floor oI the miller's house is being Colman's mustard works, and at Risk' register is Bawdsey Manot tank tarm, the remaining seaplane converted into a self-contained flat repons suggest that despite their where radar was developed in the sheds lrom the Marine Aircralt to be let to provide income, and at listed status some liberties have 1930s. Howevei the world's first Experimental Establishment and the Butley the mill itself has been been taken with the fine mid- Radar Transmitter block, now a Dock basin. All were in the way ot converted into five holiday nineteenth century mill buildings, museum, does not seem to be the expansion o, this giant apartments. The large Lark Mills such as adding picturesque but threatened. At risk ror a different container port. ln Bury St Edmunds complex at Mildenhall is to be irrelevant 'lucams'. One loss is the reason, from coastal erosion, is the there is an uncertain future for the converted into llats and offices, but tine largel937-8 garage of Steward 215 year old Orford Ness lighthouse, timber Round House whi(h was the the three water turbines are lo be and Patteson's brewery with its now only 45m from the shore. pay office ol the cattle market. This retained in situ, and one, a 1956 wide span roof, the second such loss Lowestoft station is threatened with too was in the way of Gilkes, will be used lor power in Norwich. demolition with a new station 400 redevelopment, but there seems generation. Finally, Woodbridge On the Suffolk border the metres further away lrom sea and some doubt about where it might be ldemill is looking lor flm to renew maltings complex at Ditchingham, shopt all in the interest of more re-sited and who will meet the cost the water wheel, improve access where malting was brought to an redevelopment. Fortunately, not of renovation. Luckier has been the especially for the disabled, in part by end by a rool lire some years ago, is only most of the inhabitants and all Macfarlane drinkinq fountain in installing decking round the shortly to be converted into the rail users are lighting the proposal, Stowmarket Recreation Ground. wheelhouse, which would also usual flats. Tle main oddity of the so too is One Rail, our local Because it has a dedication to the improve evacuation in case of fire - principal building is that it was built operating company. For years many stowmarket men who Iell in WWl, a serious concern in an almost as a silk mill and converted for of the malt floors and kilns at Snape the British tegion and Town Council completely wooden building. malting. ln WWll its lloors were Maltings have been standing near promoted a Iund for its restoration. Sources ol information include reinforced to act as a depot for the derelict, but work will shortly 0n the milling front, work is Suffolk lAt Norfolk IAS and Suffolk USAF, but aftenvards it returned to commence on converting these actively proceeding on the Mills Group newsletters, Ken Alger, malting and was one ol the last either to housinq or as part of the restoration of Bardwell Mill, largely Alan Denny, Peter Filby, Adam floor maltings to work in East expanding Aldeburgh Music funded through local sponsorship Garwood, Keith Hindq Derek (ontinues Anglia. The Norfolk IAS to campus. A successful maltings (f25 lor a shutter - they need 192) Manning, Tony Vine and Steven investigate buildings due for conversion at Elsey's Yard in Bury St and special events. Work by the Worsley. demolition, including an early but Edmunds which has won an award Suffolk Mills Group on Syleham Mill David Aldenon much altered maltings (c1800) in North Walsham. Unusually for Norfolk the perforated kiln tiles REGIONAT CORRESPONDENTS were glazed, and came from Stanley your tiles oI Nuneaton. Another site was Please support Regional correspondent by sending relevant material which may be of interest to our readers. in Yarmouth, where concrete covers Region 1: SCOTLAND Region 5: WALES Region 11: HOME COUNIIES on the ground ,loor may have been Dr Miles oglethorpe, Historic Scotland, Pat Frost, Castlering Archaeology, 33 Oxlotdshie, Eedfordshie, Retkshie, over pickling tanks for herring longmore House, Salisbury Place, Stallion [ane, Pontesbury Shrewsbury Euckinghans h ie and Hetrtodshi re curing, though within living memory tdinburgh EHg 1sH Shropshire 5Y5 oPN Henry Cunston,6 Clement Close, the building has only been used for Region 2: IRELAND Region 7:WEST MIDIANDS Wantage, oxfordshire 0Xl2 7ED beating chambers and net storage. Fred Hamond, 75 ocksley Parl, Belfast Shtopshirc, Staffordshie, West Region 12: SOUTH EAST Kelly's Directories variously list l\4r E BTl O OAS Midlands, Wawickshte, Hercfotd and ENGLAND Baker, A its owner Irom c 1900 to Region 3: NORTHERN ENGLAND Worcester Hanpshie and lsle ol Wight, the late 1930s, as boat owner, fish Cunbria, Northunbetland, fyne and John Powell, lronbridge 6orge Museum Sussex and Kent 'urey, merchant and fish curer, so do little Weat, Dutham and Cleveland Trust, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Alan Thomas, 6 Birches Close, Epsom, to resolve the conundrum. ln the Graham Brooks, Coomara, Carleton, Telford TF8 7DQ Surrey KTlS 5rG. EmaiI a.h.thomas@ west of the county, Campbell's Soup Carlisle, Cumbria CA4 0BU Region 8: EAST MIDLANDS btinternet.com factory near Kings Lynn, builr Region 4: YORKSHIRE 0erbyshhe, Noftinghanshte, Region 13:WEST OF ENGLAND towards the end oI the t950s and a Nonh, South and West Yorkshhe and Lincolnshhe, Leiceste5hirc and Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershhe, good example ot the industrial Hunbe5ide Wtshhe and Dorset buildings of its period, is to close. Derek Eaylisi 30 Muskoka Avenuq David Lyne, 10 Somerville Road, l\4ike Bone, Sunnyside, Avon Close, teicester while the beet factory at Bents Green, Sheffield 511 7Rt LE3 2ET Keynsham, Bristol BSlS 1LQ Whiftington is diversifying into Region 5; NoRTH WEST Region 9: EAST ANGLIA Region 14: SOUTH WEST biofuels and using the waste heat ENGLAND Canbridgeshte, NotfolN Suffolk and ENGTAND Essex Lancashte, Meqeyside, Grcater Devon and Comwall David Alderton, Manchestet and Chethie 48 Quay Street, Graham Thornq tl Heriot Way, Great Halesworth, Suffolk lP19 8EY ADVERTISE Roger N. Holden, 35 Victoria Road, Totham, [4aldon, Es5ex CM9 88W Stockpon 5K1 4AT Region l0: GREATER l-ONDON IN IA NEWS Dr R. l. [4. Cari 127 Queen's Drive, London N4 2BB

18 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE1L)GY NEW' 144 PUBTICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received notes on water supply, water gardens, instructions for tree planting schemes and shelter beltt with tables recording tree measurements and designs for Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review. topiary During his years working on his grand project he also had time to protect gave Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Review, Special lssue: help Babbacombe Beach lrom a proposed gasworks and financial for a local rebuilding the parish church. Wilsontown - 200611 support water supply and Many of the book's illustrations are in colour, with copies Brunel's notes Be*shire lndustrial Archaeology Group Nerlt '14, Summer 2007 ol and designs as well as photographs the today. Brktol lndustrial Archaeological Society Bullet4 122, Autumn/Winter of estate 2007 Arthur J. Price Cumbria lndustrial History Society &ulletin,68, August 2007 Cheltenhan Stone: fhe Whittington Quarries, by ICE Panel fot Historical Engineering Works Newsletter, 115, cotteswold Naturalists'tield c|ub,2007. 167pp, 124 illus. ISBN 1-904530 08-07. 5eptember 2007 f12.99. look Grcater London lndust al Archaeology Society NewsletteL 231, Ihis book takes a new at August 2007; 232, october 2007 the sources of freestone for the buildings of Regency and Victorian Hampshhe lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 69, December 2001 cheltenham. While the teckhampton quanies are well Hampshire Mills Gtoup Newslettel 78, Autumn 2007 known, now seems that other Histelec News: Newsletter ofthe South Westem Electticity Historical it quarries just impo(ant. Soci ety, 36, August 2oo1 were as The book con(entrates on ,I'HE lndustial Heitage, 33/2 Autumn 2007 WHITTINGTON QUARRI'S underground quarrying at Dodwell lndust al Heitage Association of lreland Newsletter,3o, November around 't " 2007 Hill and Syrelord ArthrrJ Pdce Whittington, a quiet village east of Lancashhe History Quarterly, 1112,Wintet 2007 Cheltenham. Archive documents, Manchester Region lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 121, personal reminiscences the September 2007; 122, November 2007 and results of many years'Iieldwork by Me6eyside lndustrial Heitage Society Newsletter, 278-281 , Augusl - above below December 2007 the author and ground presented with Museum of Bath at Work Newslettel Summer special 2007 are Nofthamptonshhe lndustrial Archaeology Group Newslettel 103, detailed maps, surveys, drawings and photographs. After describing the history of the quarries, quarrymen, Summer 2007; 104, Autumn 2007 stonemasons and builders, chapters cover underground Iieldwork and the Piers: the Journal of the National Pie6 Sociely, 84, Summer 2007 Iinds made, while an important final chapter discusses their interpretation. SAVE Britain's Heritage Newsletter, )dy 2007 Ihe many illustrations, several of whi(h are in colour include underground Scottish lndustial Heritage Society Bulletin,44, September 2007 plant scale drawings oI artelacts, and photographs which show the Search: the Bulletin of the South wiltshire lndustrial Archaeology evidence lor underground quarrying techniques as well as examples of socrbry, 86, September 2007 finished buildings. Arthur Price's book is a valuable contribution to the Some6et lndustrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 105, Augusl 2007 subiect and is fully relerenced with a comprehensive index. Surrey lndustrial History Group NewsletteL 159, September 2007; 160, November 2007 Devon Clay, by Michael Messenger Twelveheads Prest 2007. Sussex lndustrial Archaeology Society Newslette4 136, october 2007 North 120pp, 168 illus. ISBN 978 0 906294 65 9. hardback f21.00. Sussex Mills Gtoup Nelvrletter, 136, odober 2007 The remote deposits ol ball rrcClH Bulletin,37, Summer 2007 clay in north oevon were exploited Waterwords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hercfod , AultJmn after 188'l when the 3{oot gauge 2007 Torrington & Marland Railway was Welsh Mines Society NewsletteL 57, Autumn 2007 Yorkshire Archaeological Society lndustial History Section built. Remarkably, the engineer was the internationally known J. B. l" Newsletler, 71, Autumn 2007 tellwho used it to demonstrate his Yorkshhe History Quarterly, 1213,Winlet 2007 patented ideas on light railway in Books received construction, resulting ,aa_z spectacular timber viaducts. An M Rrunel's Hidden Kingdorn, by Geoffrey Tudor. creative Media Publishing, eclectic collection of locomotives g I 2007. 160pp, 14'l illus. |SBN 0- worked this 6-mile line for over 40 'l m 9546071 -2-0. hardback f 9.50. years, and within the works until A surprising aspect of the I]RL]NI'I,,S 1971. Ihe much-delayed standard North Devon Clay world oI l.K. Brunel is examined in gauge North Devon & Comwall this book which has a forward by HIDI)EN .lunction Light Railway, Irom Professor Angus Buchanan. lt KIN(iDOM Iorrington to Halwill Junction, describes the l2 years Brunel eventually opened in 1925 with spent creating his Watcombe Park ? government backing to support agriculture and relieve unemployment. lt estate at ]orbay in Devon, helped I ri was one of the last branch lines in Britain but immediately struggled against by his wife Mary and gardener 1 competition from road transport. Ihis book describes the development and Alexander Forsyth. Allhough the groMh of both the ball clay industry at Marland and lvleeth, and oI the ambitious scheme was never railways that made the industry possible.Whilst the clay industry thrivet the completed, Brunel laid out a railways have all been superceded and their full stories are recorded. tirst garden and landscape, traces of published in 1982, the book has been fully revised and expanded as a result which still survive. His Watcombe of mu(h additional research and information. lrany new striking 6arden Book, recently discovered i.r'{ k$.f,ir*.tE photographs are included, alongside mapl diagrams and scale drawings of at Bristol University, includes his br ( i(rrffirr fldor the narrow gauge locomotives and rolling stock.

,19 INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 144 DIARY

4-6 APRTL 2008 College, Devizes, Wiltshire 5N10 Conference, organised by Bristol lA visits. Details from Dillington House, CROSSII'IG PATHS OR 4RG, Tel: 01380 840495. website: Society. tor a booking form, send llminster, Somerset TAl9 9DL SHARING TRACKS? FUTURE www.urchlontmanor.co.uk SAE to Roger Davis,8 Nonhlield telephone 01460 52426, website: DIRECIIOIiIS FOR THE Road, Portishead, North Somerset www.dillington.co.uk 26 APR|L 2008 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY BS20 8LE. OF POST.Ts5O BRITAIN & TRANSPORT IN NORTH EAST 5.10 AUGUST 2008 IRELAND WALES 19-24 MAY 2008 ICOHTEC SYMPOSIUM at the University of lei(ester, to at Connah's Quay Civi( Hall, the AIA SPRING VISIT TO at Vancouver, Canada, a symposium consider the contributions made by Friends of Clwyd Archives annual SAARLAND celebrating the 40th anniversary of AIA and other organisations to the day school, with speakers including See adven inside. Contact Paul the lnternational Committee for the study oI post-1550 material David Gwynn, Barrie Trinder and Saulter, 80 Udimore Road, Rye, History of Technology. For detailt heritage. A llyer and booking Iorm Geoff Pickard on transport in NE Sussex, TN31 7DY or see website at contad Angus Buchanan, e-mail: are included with this mailing. Or Wales. Details lrom Roy Coppack, wwwheritageof industryco.uk [email protected]. (ontact Bryn Gwyn, 2 Rhodfa Anwyl, Prof Marilyn Palmer, e-mail: 29 MAY . 1 JUNE 2OO8 22-28 AUGUST 2008 Rhuddlan LLl8 2SQ, email: [email protected](.uk SIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE AIA CONFERENCE [email protected] ANNUAL 19 APRTL 2008 at san ,ose, Calilornia. USA, the at Lackham near Chippenham, INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 'to MAY 2008 37th Annual Conference of the Wiltshire, the AlAs annual OF THE LAKE COUNTIES - 40 EMIAC 75: SETTING SAILS lN Society for lndustrial Archeology. conteren(e. Details and a booking YEARS ON SNEINTON Detailt booking and membership on Iorm are included with this mailing. at the University of Cumbria at the Bakersfield Community the 5lA web-site, www.sia-web.org. Ambleside CampuS with speakers Centre, Sneinton Dalq Noningham, More 1iary Dates can be found 29 JUNE.4 JULY 2OO8 on the hosted by the Nottinghamshire lA contribution of organisations 6TH WORLD on the AIA website at involved in lA in the district, hosted Sociery For details and a booking ARCHAEOLOGICAI. www. industria l -a rch aeol ogy. co. u k form send sAE to El\4lAC 75, Joan by the Cumbria lndustrial History CONGRESS Hodges, Knighton Road, Society. tor details and a booking 2 al University College, Dublin. Tte Woodthorpe, Nottingham NG5 4FL. form send SAE to Dan Elsworth theme 'Critical te(hnologies - the (CIHS), 7A Town street, Ulverston, 10 MAY 2008 making ofthe modern world'will be Cumbria LAl2 7EY MILESTONE SOCIETY of inlerest to AIA membert with AIA 19 APRTL 2008 SPRING MEETING four sessions on Archaeologies of SERIAC at Banle Town Hall, East Sussex, internmenl; Atomic Archaeology; with a local theme based around and at the lJniversity oI East London lvethod and Machine; INDUSTRIAT ARCHAEOI-OGY NEWS East and West Sussex. Campus in Docklands, the South Guests are Nostalgia for lnfinity. More details (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) East Region lA Conference, hosted welcome. Enquiries to John Atkinson at wwwucd.ie/wac-6/ . tSsN 1354-14s5 via Terry Keegan, email: terry- by the Greater London lA Society. 13-16 JULY 2008 [email protected] or Tel: 0'1299 Edilor Dr Peter Stanier TRADE AND INDUSTRY 23-25 APRTL 2008 832358. INDUSTRIOUS WILTSHIRE AROUND THE SOMERSET Published by the Association lot lndustrial Archaeology- Cont butions should be at Urchfont llanor, lectures and t7 MAY 2008 MOORS sent to the Editor, fu Petet Staniet, 49 field visits exploring lA in south swwRrac at Dillington House, a course on lA Ereach lane Shaftesbuty, DoEet SPZ gLF. at Kingswood Civic Centre, Bristol, around the Somerset Moors or Wiltshire and the Vale of Wardour. New and press rcleases hay be sent to the South Wales & West Region lA 'tevels' through lectures and field For details contact lJrchfont Manor the Editol or the aryrcptiate AIA Regiohal Collespondents. fhe Editor nay be telephoned on 01747 854707 ot enail: V a ia n ews I e tter@ya ho o. c o. u k. finalcory dates are at follows: I I lanuary for February mailing I Aprilfor L4ay mailinq I I July for August mailing I october for November mailing

Th? AIA was established in 1973 to ponoE d1e tttd of lndusttial Archaeology and enaourage inpmved stendards of rc

20 @ Association for lndustrial Ar