ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING FOR THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINES INC. WESTERN, CENTRAL AND EASTERN REGIONS
Prepared for:
Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Edmonton, Alberta
Prepared by:
Calgary, Alberta
September 1999
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (Enbridge) is submitting the following document to the National Energy Board (NEB) to be used as an environmental setting reference for future projects involving the existing Enbridge infrastructure. The document may be used to determine whether there are any unique environmental features in a project area as well as whether other federal departments may also be required to participate in any screening process.
This Environmental Setting document provides information on the Enbridge existing pipeline rights-of-way and facilities in the Western and Central Regions starting at the Enbridge Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) through to the United States of America border (KP 1245.2). The environmental settings of selected existing Enbridge facilities within the Eastern Region are also included.
This document represents an amalgamation of the environmental settings included in previous Enbridge NEB applications and contains material and data sources that will be reviewed, revised and/or updated periodically. This document represents an initial stage of data organization and further environmental setting information describing the Eastern Region facilities and right-of- way will be added to the document in future phases.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... i
WESTERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS 1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1-1
2.0 EDMONTON TERMINAL TO HARDISTY TERMINAL...... 2-1 2.1 Physiography and Geology...... 2-1 2.2 Soils...... 2-4 2.3 Hydrology and Fish...... 2-9 2.4 Vegetation...... 2-11 2.5 Wildlife...... 2-11 2.6 Zoning, Land Use and Resource Use ...... 2-18 2.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics ...... 2-21 2.8 Historical Resources...... 2-24 3.0 HARDISTY TERMINAL TO KERROBERT STATION...... 3-1 3.1 Physiography and Geology...... 3-1 3.2 Soils...... 3-5 3.3 Hydrology and Fish...... 3-11 3.4 Vegetation...... 3-13 3.5 Wildlife...... 3-15 3.6 Zoning, Land and Resource Use...... 3-20 3.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics ...... 3-26 3.8 Historical Resources...... 3-30 4.0 KERROBERT STATION TO REGINA TERMINAL...... 4-1 4.1 Physiography and Geology...... 4-1 4.2 Soils...... 4-5 4.3 Hydrology and Fish...... 4-6 4.4 Vegetation...... 4-16 4.5 Wildlife...... 4-18 4.6 Zoning, Land and Resource Use...... 4-26 4.7 Socio-Economics...... 4-34 4.8 Heritage Resources...... 4-38 5.0 REGINA TERMINAL TO CROMER TERMINAL ...... 5-1 5.1 Physiography and Geology...... 5-1 5.2 Soils...... 5-4 5.3 Hydrology and Fish...... 5-5 5.4 Vegetation...... 5-11 5.5 Wildlife...... 5-13 5.6 Zoning, Land and Natural Resource Use...... 5-20 5.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics ...... 5-25 5.8 Heritage Resources...... 5-28 6.0 CROMER TERMINAL TO GRETNA STATION...... 6-1 6.1 Physiography and Geology...... 6-1 6.2 Soils...... 6-5 6.3 Hydrology and Fish...... 6-6 6.4 Vegetation...... 6-18 6.5 Wildlife...... 6-19
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6.6 Zoning, Land and Natural Resource Use...... 6-22 6.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics ...... 6-27 6.8 Heritage Resources...... 6-32 7.0 WESTERN REGION FACILITIES ...... 7-1 7.1 Edmonton Terminal (SE 5-53-23 W4M, NE 32-52-23 W4M)...... 7-1 7.2 Kingman Station (SE 5-49-20 W4M) ...... 7-3 7.3 Strome Station (SW 2-46-15 W4M)...... 7-6 7.4 Hardisty Terminal (SE 30-42-9 W4M)...... 7-8 7.5 Metiskow Station (SE 1-40-5 W4M)...... 7-11 7.6 Cactus Lake Station (NE 32-36-27 W3M)...... 7-13 7.7 Kerrobert Station (SE 34-33-22 W3M)...... 7-15 7.8 Herschel Station (SE and SW 16-31-16 W3M)...... 7-18 7.9 Milden Take-Off (NW/SW 17-29-11 W3M)...... 7-20 7.10 Milden Station (SE 6-29-10 W3M)...... 7-22 8.0 CENTRAL REGION FACILITIES ...... 8-1 8.1 Loreburn Station (SW 12-26-5 W3M) ...... 8-1 8.2 Craik Station (SE 10-23-29 W2M) ...... 8-3 8.3 Bethune Station (SE 22-19-24 W2M)...... 8-6 8.4 Stony Beach Take-Off (KP 660.9)...... 8-8 8.5 Regina Terminal (NE 32-17-19 W2M) ...... 8-10 8.6 White City (SE 1/4 1-17-17 W2M)...... 8-12 8.7 Odessa Station (SW 35-15-14 W2M)...... 8-15 8.8 Glenavon Station (SW 22-14-9 W2M) ...... 8-17 8.9 Langbank Station (SE 2-13-3 W2M)...... 8-20 8.10 Kelso Facility Site (SW 6-12-33 WPM) ...... 8-22 8.11 Cromer Terminal (NE 17-9-28 WPM & SE 20-9-28 WPM)...... 8-24 8.12 West Souris Station (SE 16-8-21 WPM)...... 8-26 8.13 Souris Station (SE 8-8-20 WPM)...... 8-29 8.14 Glenboro Station (SE 3-7-14 WPM) ...... 8-31 8.15 St. Leon Station (SW 33-4-9 WPM)...... 8-33 8.16 Manitou Station (NW 17-4-8 WPM)...... 8-35 8.17 Gretna Station (SE 8-1-1 WPM) ...... 8-37 9.0 EASTERN REGION FACILITIES ...... 9-1 9.1 Sarnia Terminal (KP 2803.5)...... 9-1 9.2 Sarnia Densitometer (KP 2806.7) ...... 9-2 9.3 Keyser Pump Station (KP 2857.8) ...... 9-4 9.4 Bryanston Pump Station (KP 2857.8)...... 9-5 9.5 Westover Station (KP B2998.3) ...... 9-7 9.6 North Westover Densitometer (KP 2997.5) ...... 9-9 9.7 Ninth Line Junction (KP K3036.8) ...... 9-11 9.8 Valve 11 Densitometer (KP M2997.5)...... 9-12 9.9 Clarkson Station and Terminal (KP 3023.2) ...... 9-14 9.10 Valve 18 (Precious Corners Pressure Monitoring Facility) (KP M3214.5) ...... 9-15 9.11 Hilton Pump Station (KP M3214.5)...... 9-17 9.12 Cardinal Pump Station (KP M3414.3)...... 9-18 9.13 Montreal Terminal (KP M3636.5)...... 9-20 10.0 REFERENCES ...... 10-1 10.1 Personal Communications...... 10-1 10.2 References...... 10-5
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Hydrology and Surface Water Quality for the Western and Central Regions
Appendix B Vascular Plant Species with Special Conservation Status in the Vicinity of the Western and Central Enbridge Pipeline Region
Appendix C Wildlife Species with Special Conservation Status which may occur in the Vicinity of the Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Western and Central Regions Right-of-Way
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Western and Central Regions...... 1-2 Figure 2 Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Eastern Region - Line 9 Facilities ...... 1-3
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Physiographic Subdivisions Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty...... 2-1 Table 2.2 Predominant Surficial Deposits and Topography along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty ...... 2-2 Table 2.3 Summary of Selected Soil Characteristics along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty...... 2-5 Table 2.4 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting Agriculture...... 2-7 Table 2.5 Soil Productivity Ratings along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty ...... 2-9 Table 2.6 Water Crossing Identification...... 2-10 Table 2.7 Summary of Wildlife Survey Results along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty...... 2-12 Table 2.8 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting to the Production of Ungulates...... 2-13 Table 2.9 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting the Production of Waterfowl...... 2-16 Table 2.10 Ducks Unlimited Projects along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty ...... 2-17 Table 2.11 Significant Migratory Bird Habitat Subregions that are Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty...... 2-17 Table 2.12 Facilities/Developments Located in the Vicinity of the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty ...... 2-19 Table 2.13 Municipal Jurisdiction and Land Use Zoning along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardsity ...... 2-20 Table 2.14 Profiles of Communities near the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty ...... 2-23
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Table 2.15 Summary of Historical Resource Sites along the Pipeline Route from Edmonton to Hardisty...... 2-24 Table 3.1 Physiographic Subdivisions Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-1 Table 3.2 Predominant Surficial Deposits and Topography along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-3 Table 3.3 Summary of Selected Soil Characteristics along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-7 Table 3.4 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert with Soils Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting Agriculture...... 3-10 Table 3.5 Soil Productivity Ratings along the Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-11 Table 3.6 Historical Streamflow Summaries for Watercourses Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-12 Table 3.7 Vascular Plant Species with Special Conservation Status Identified along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-16 Table 3.8 Critical Wildlife Habitat Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-16 Table 3.9 Summary of Wildlife Survey Results along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-17 Table 3.10 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Ungulates...... 3-18 Table 3.11 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Waterfowl...... 3-19 Table 3.12 Significant Migratory Bird Habitat Subregions that are Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-21 Table 3.13 Crown Lands along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-22 Table 3.14 Municipal Jurisdiction and Land Use Zoning along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-22 Table 3.15 Grazing Leases along the Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-23 Table 3.16 Aggregate Resources along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-24 Table 3.17 Wildlife Management Units/Zones Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-24 Table 3.18 Hunting Seasons along the Pipeline Route Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-25 Table 3.19 Outfitters with Allocations along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to the Alberta/Saskatchewan Border ...... 3-27 Table 3.20 Profiles of Communities near the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert...... 3-28 Table 3.21 Transportation Infrastructure Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-30 Table 3.22 Summary of Historical Resource Sites along the Pipeline Route from Hardisty to Kerrobert ...... 3-31 Table 4.1 Physiographic Regions Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-1 Table 4.2 Predominant Surficial Deposits and Topography along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-3 Table 4.3 Summary of Selected Soil Characteristics along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-7 Table 4.4 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina with Soils Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting Agricultural Production...... 4-9 Table 4.5 Soil Productivity Ratings along the Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-11
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Table 4.6 Historical Streamflow Information along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-12 Table 4.7 Suspended Sediment Data Summary for Watercourse Sampling Sites in the Vicinity of the Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-14 Table 4.8 Sport Fish Species Reported in Watercourses Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-15 Table 4.9 Vascular Plant Species with Special Conservation Status Identified along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-17 Table 4.10 Critical Wildlife Habitat Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-18 Table 4.11 Summary of Wildlife Survey Results along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-19 Table 4.12 Crown Land Reservations Related to Wildlife along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-20 Table 4.13 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Ungulates...... 4-21 Table 4.14 Lands along the Pipeline Route Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Waterfowl from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-23 Table 4.15 Significant Migratory Bird Habitat Subregions that are Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-24 Table 4.16 Municipal Jurisdiction along the Pipeline Route Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-27 Table 4.17 Conservation and Development Areas and Irrigation Districts Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-28 Table 4.18 Grazing Reservations on Crown Lands along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-29 Table 4.19 Licensed Water Users Registered within 10 Km Downstream of Water Crossings along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-30 Table 4.20 Aggregate Resources along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina...... 4-32 Table 4.21 Aggregate Resources on Crown Lands along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-32 Table 4.22 Wildlife Management Zones Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-33 Table 4.23 Community Profiles along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-35 Table 4.24 Transportation Infrastructure Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-38 Table 4.25 Heritage Resources Sites along the Pipeline Route from Kerrobert to Regina ...... 4-39 Table 5.1 Physiographic Regions Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-1 Table 5.2 Predominant Surficial Deposits and Topography along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-3 Table 5.3 Summary of Selected Soil Characteristics along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-6 Table 5.4 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting Agriculture ...... 5-8 Table 5.5 Soil Productivity Ratings along the Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-9 Table 5.6 Historical Streamflow Information along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-10 Table 5.7 Bedrock Aquifers along the Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-12 Table 5.8 Sport Fish Species Reported in the Watercourses Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-12 Table 5.9 Rare Plant Location from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-14
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Table 5.10 Critical Wildlife Habitat Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-14 Table 5.11 Summary of Wildife Surveys along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-16 Table 5.12 Crown Land Reservations Related to Wildlife along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-16 Table 5.13 Lands along the Pipeline Route Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Ungulates from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-17 Table 5.14 Lands along the Pipeline Route Rated as having Very Slight (Class 2) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Waterfowl from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-18 Table 5.15 Significant Migratory Bird Habitat Subregions that are Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-19 Table 5.16 Municipal Jurisdictions along the Pipeline Route Regina to Cromer...... 5-21 Table 5.17 Conservation and Development Areas Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-22 Table 5.18 Licensed Water Users within 10 km Downstream of Watercourses Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-22 Table 5.19 Aggregate Resources along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-23 Table 5.20 Crown Land with Reservations Related to Aggregates along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-23 Table 5.21 Wildlife Management Units along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-24 Table 5.22 Community Profiles along the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-26 Table 5.23 Transportation Infrastructure Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer ...... 5-29 Table 5.24 Heritage Resources Sites that are Encountered by the Pipeline Route from Regina to Cromer...... 5-30 Table 6.1 Physiographic Divisions Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-2 Table 6.2 Surficial Geology along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-4 Table 6.3 Summary of Selected Soil Characteristics along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-7 Table 6.4 Lands along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Moderately Severe (Class 3) Limitations Restricting Agriculture ...... 6-10 Table 6.5 Soil Productivity Ratings along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-12 Table 6.6 Historical Streamflow Summaries for Watercourses Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-13 Table 6.7 Bedrock Aquifers along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-15 Table 6.8 Sand and Gravel Aquifers along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-16 Table 6.9 Sport Fish Species Reported in the Watercourses Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-17 Table 6.10 Rare Plant Locations from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-19 Table 6.11 Summary of Wildlife Survey Results along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-20 Table 6.12 Lands along the Segment of the Pipeline Route Rated as having No Significant (Class 1) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Ungulates from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-21 Table 6.13 Lands along the Pipeline Route Rated as having Very Slight (Class 2) to Slight (Class 3) Limitations to the Production of Waterfowl from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-22
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Table 6.14 Significant Migratory Bird Habitat Subregions that are Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-23 Table 6.15 Municipal Jurisdiction along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-24 Table 6.16 Licensed Water Users within 10 km Downstream of Watercourses Crossed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-25 Table 6.17 Aggregate Resources along the Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-25 Table 6.18 Game Hunting Areas along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-27 Table 6.19 Community Profiles along the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-28 Table 6.20 Transportation Infrastructure Traversed by the Pipeline Route from Cromer to Gretna...... 6-31 Table 6.21 Heritage Resources Sites that Occur along the Route from Cromer to Gretna ...... 6-33
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ENBRIDGE PIPELINES INC. WESTERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS RIGHT-OF-WAY ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (Enbridge) main pipeline system extends from Edmonton, Alberta to Gretna, Manitoba (see Figure 1) and from Sarnia, Ontario to Montreal, Quebec (see Figure 2). The mainline pipeline system is divided into three regions: the Western Region extends from Edmonton, Alberta to Milden, Saskatchewan, the Central Region extends from Milden, Saskatchewan to Gretna, Manitoba; and the Eastern Region extends from Sarnia, Ontario to Montreal, Quebec.
In recent years the pipeline system has undergone numerous pipeline expansion projects and as a result has undergone detailed Environmental Assessments. As part of these assessments, detailed information regarding the environmental setting surrounding the pipeline has been collected and used to form the bases of this document. The information contained herein has been included in previous applications to the National Energy Board (NEB) and, therefore, has undergone Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) screenings. This document will be referenced in future applications to the NEB in order to provided detailed information regarding the environmental setting of the proposed project as well as descriptions sufficient enough to assist the Board in determining whether other federal departments may also be required to participate in any screening process.
Information included in this report has been collected from the applications for the following projects:
• Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Limited Construction of Additional Pipe Line Facilities and Modification of Existing Facilities in Western Canada Application - 1985. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. Western Canadian Pipeline Expansion - 1993. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. System Expansion Program - 1995. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. System Expansion Program Phase II - 1996. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. Line 9 Reversal - 1997. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. Terrace Phase I Expansion Program - 1997. • Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment for the Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Proposed Terrace Phase II Expansion Program - 1999.
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The environmental setting contained in this document contains information concerning: physiography, geology, soils, hydrology, fisheries, vegetation, wildlife, environmentally sensitive areas, land use and historical/heritage resources within the vicinity of the Enbridge facilities and pipeline rights-of-way.
Environmental setting information is described for the facilities and pipeline rights-of-way within the Western and Central Regions. The environmental information for the Eastern Region is restricted to selected facility sites that have undergone recent evaluation. The entire document will be developed in stages. Further facility sites and the pipeline rights- of-way within the Eastern Region will be included in supplemental submissions/ documents/phases. All environmental information within the document will be updated periodically.
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2.0 EDMONTON TERMINAL TO HARDISTY TERMINAL
The following subsections describe the environmental setting and socio-economic infrastructure along the Enbridge right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal to the Hardisty Terminal. This segment of the Enbridge right-of-way was assessed in the previous environmental and socio- economic impact assessments for the Western Canadian Pipeline Expansion and System Expansion Program Phase II submitted to the National Energy Board (NEB) in 1993 and 1996. Kilometre post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along the existing Enbridge right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) to the Hardisty Terminal (KP 175.4).
2.1 Physiography and Geology
Physiography Physiographic characteristics assist in the identification of topographic features and surficial deposits traversed by the Enbridge right-of-way.
The segment of the Enbridge right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) to the Hardisty Terminal (KP 175.4) lies within the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The physiographic subdivisions traversed within this physiographic region are listed in Table 2.1. The topography along much of the right-of-way is generally flat to undulating. A key topographic feature along the route is the Battle River valley consisting of moderate to steep slopes.
TABLE 2.1
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISIONS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Location (KP) Physiographic Section Physiographic District 0.0 - 13.0 Edmonton Plain Lake Edmonton Plain 13.0 - 49.0 Cooking Lake Uplands Beaver Hill Upland 49.0 - 162.0 Sullivan Lake Plain Daysland Plain 162.0 - 173.0 Neutral Hills Uplands Neutral Upland 173.0 - 174.0 Lac La Biche Plain Battle River Valley 174.0 - 175.4 Neutral Hills Uplands Neutral Upland
Source: Pettapiece 1986
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Bedrock Geology Bedrock geology can be the precursor to surficial deposits and soils and, consequently, has an influence on the texture and chemistry of the soil profile.
This portion of the right-of-way is underlain by the Upper Cretaceous aged Horseshoe Canyon and Bearpaw Formations as well as the Belly River Group (Hamilton et al. 1999).
The Horseshoe Canyon Formation underlies the route from KP 0.0 to KP 98.0. These mainly nonmarine strata are grey feldspathic clayey sandstones; grey bentonitic mudstones and carbonaceous shales; concretionary ironstone beds; scattered coal and bentonitic beds of variable thickness; with minor limestone beds (Hamilton et al. 1999).
The marine Bearpaw Formation underlies the route from KP 98.0 to KP 131.0. These strata are dark grey blocky shale and silty shale; greenish glauconitic and grey clayey sandstone; with thin concretionary ironstone and bentonite beds (Hamilton et al. 1999).
The nonmarine Belly River Group underlies the route from KP 131.0 to KP 175.4. These strata are grey to greenish grey, thick-bedded, feldspathic sandstone; grey clayey siltstone; grey and green mudstone; and concretionary ironstone beds (Hamilton et al. 1999).
Surficial Geology Soils are developed from surficial deposits and this section identifies the deposits that will be encountered within trench depth along the route. Characteristics of the surficial deposits are related to potential concerns such as compaction and rutting, trench instability, erosion hazard and topography.
The entire route segment traverses glacially derived surficial deposits. Table 2.2 identifies the surficial deposits, their depositional environment, and the corresponding topographic expression occurring along the pipeline route.
TABLE 2.2
PREDOMINANT SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND TOPOGRAPHY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Surficial Depositional KP Deposit Environment Topography/Local Relief 0.0 - 58.0 Glacial till Stagnation moraine Moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography 3-20 m 58.0 - 123.0 Glacial till Stagnation moraine Undulating topography <3 m 123.0 - 131.5 Glacial till Draped moraine Flat to undulating topography 131.5 - 135.0 Glacial till Stagnation moraine Undulating topography <3 m 135.0 - 146.0 Glacial till Ice-contact fluvial deposit Undulating to hummocky topography 146.0 - 160.5 Glacial till Stagnation moraine Undulating topography <3 m 160.5 - 175.4 Glacial fluvial Ice-contact fluvial deposit Undulating to hummocky topography
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Source: Shetsen 1990 The pipeline route traverses glacial till of various forms. Moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography is present from the Edmonton Terminal to KP 58.0. The hummocks range from low irregularly shaped to round well defined knobs, dimpled knobs, doughnut- shaped hills and kettles. The local relief varies from 3 to 20 m. The hummocky topography consists of varying thickness of glacial till deposited during ice stagnation (Shetsen 1990). The glacial till deposits consist of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravels. A minor meltwater channel crosses the route at KP 52.5.
The segments of the route from KP 58.0 to KP 123.0, KP 131.5 to KP 135.0, and KP 146.0 to KP 160.5 generally traverse undulating topography of low relief (generally less than 3 m). Uneven thickness of glacial till deposited during ice stagnation cover the area. The glacial till consists of an unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravel mixture (Shetsen 1990). Small lakes that occupy depressions throughout the undulating topography are common on lands adjacent to the route. Many linear features transverse to ice movement occur along the route including small ridges, elongated hummocks and depressions. A minor meltwater channel crosses the route at KP 72.0. From KP 107.5 to KP 111.5, the route crosses an area of moderately developed hummocky topography. Local relief within this area varies from 3 to 10 m due to the occurrence of minor meltwater channels and eskers. From KP 111.5 to KP 113.0, the route traverses fine lacustrine sediments consisting of silt and clay. These recent lacustrine sediments are associated with Wavy Lake located south of the route. At KP 132.0 an esker crosses the route and at KP 135.0 a minor meltwater channel is present. Minor meltwater channels occur in various locations along the route (Shetsen 1990).
The glacial till deposits found along the route from KP 123.0 to KP 131.5 form a draped moraine (Shetsen 1990). The deposit consists of up to 10 m of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravel. The local relief is flat to undulating. Undifferentiated subglacially molded deposits with streamlined features are found in the area (Shetsen 1990).
Glacial fluvial deposits are another type of glacially derived surficial deposit which occurs along the route. From KP 135.0 to KP 146.0 and KP 160.5 to KP 175.4, glacial fluvial deposits are predominant, forming undulating to hummocky topography consisting of fine sand, silt and clay up to 25 m thick. The fine sediments are described as ice contact fluvial deposits, formed in ice front fans and deltas (Shetsen 1990). From KP 139.5 to KP 141.0, recent fluvial deposits of fine sand, silt and clay with minor gravel beds occur in association with an unnamed tributary to Iron Creek (Shetsen 1990). From KP 170.0 to KP 173.5, the route crosses an eolian deposit of undulating to rolling topography. The fine and medium sand and silt deposit is up to 7 m thick. From KP 173.5 to KP 175.4, alluvial and colluvial deposits of fine sand, silt, clay and exposed till occur along the Battle River (Shetsen 1990).
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2.2 Soils
This subsection identifies soil types that are encountered along the pipeline route from the Edmonton Terminal to the Hardisty Terminal as well as any soil characteristics that may be of concern during construction, such as erosion risk, trench instability, problem subsoils and susceptibility to compaction. Table 2.3 summarizes the main characteristics of the soils encountered along this section of the Enbridge right-of-way. A comprehensive soil survey was conducted along the right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal to the Hardisty Terminal by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. (1993, 1994a). Detailed mapping of individual soil units are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets filed with the NEB in the 1996 System Expansion Program Phase II.
The quality of the soils along the route are varied and, as a result, the Canada Land Inventory has rated the soils from having no significant limitations to very severe limitations to agriculture.
From the Edmonton Terminal to KP 50.0, the soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1967a) as having no significant limitation in use for crops (Class 1) to capable of producing perennial forage crops (Class 6). This diverse rating reflects the parent material consisting of glacial till deposits which form moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography. Table 2.4 identifies the lands along the pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty with soils rated as having Class 1 to moderately severe (Class 3) limitations restricting agriculture.
The soils along the route from KP 50.0 to KP 136.0 pre-dominantly have moderate limitations (Class 2) that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices (Canada Land Inventory 1967a, 1970a, 1971a). Along this pipeline segment are small areas of soils with moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to severe limitations (Class 4) that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices due to soil limitations such as low permeability and excess water (Canada Land Inventory 1967a, 1970a, 1971a).
From KP 136.0 to KP 175.4, the soils range from having been rated as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to capable to producing perennial forage crops (Class 6) (Canada Land Inventory 1970a). Along this section of the route, the soils vary due to the underlying parent material consisting of ice-contact glacial till, glacial fluvial and glacial lacustrine deposits. As a result, the soils have limitations such as undesirable structure, low permeability, adverse topography and excess water (Table 2.4).
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TABLE 2.3
SUMMARY OF SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Colour Erosion Hazards 5 Susceptible Differentiation Wind Water to Soil Susceptible to Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Topsoil Depth Trench 1 2 3 4 Between Topsoil Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class Range (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns AGS Angus Ridge E.BL T L-CL MW-W 17-65 Good M S-M No No - scAGS Angus Ridge with E.BL T L-CL MW-W 30-45 Good M S-M No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil shAGS shallow Angus E.BL T/WB L-CL/CL-C MW-W 30 Good M S-M No No - underlying bedrock is strongly Ridge acidic AV Alluvium GLCU.HR recent F SL-SiL I-P 10-25 Good M S Yes No - CMO Camrose BL.SS T CL MW-I 12-35 Poor M S No No - saline/sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts shCMO shallow Camrose BL.SS T/WB CL MW-I 13-20 Poor M S No No - saline/sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts COA Cooking Lake O.GL T L-CL MW-W 0-20 Variable M S-M No No - DSJ Desjarlais R.G GF LS P 10-25 Good H S No Yes - EOR Elnora O.BL T L-CL W-MW 10-35 Good M S-M-H No No - saEOR saline Elnora saO.BL T L-CL W-MW 15-38 Good M S-M-H No No - saline subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts GSP1 Golden Spike 1 T.M O/mineral organic/ VP 0-10 peat on surface S S Yes No - L-CL GSP2 Golden Spike 2 TY.M O organic VP - peat on surface S S Yes No - FLU Falun O.DG T L-CL MW-W 11-30 Good M S-M-H No No - HER Heisler SZ.BL T L-CL MW 16-24 Good M S No No - saline/sodic subsoil may hinder 2-5 revegetation efforts
HGT Haight O.HG T or GL L-CL P 20-55 Good S S Yes Yes - ptHGT peaty Haight ptO.HG peat/T or GL peat/L-CL P 15-30 Good S S Yes Yes - HYL Hairy Hill saR.HG T or GL L-CL P 15-40 Good M S Yes Yes - strongly saline and sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts IRM Irma O.BL GF SL W 2-45 Good H S-M-H No Yes - glIRM gleyed Irma GL.BL GF SL I 75 Good H S-M-H No Yes - KLM Killam BL.SS T L-CL MW-I 6-28 Poor M S No No - saline/sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts KNA Kinsella O.BL GF gvSL W-R 10-40 Good H S No Yes - gravel subsoil may increase gravel content on surface KVG Kavanagh BL.SS WB CL-C MW-I 12-35 Poor S S-M-H No No - strongly sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts MCO Mico O.DG GL C MW 22-40 Good S S-M-H Yes No - shMCO shallow Mico O.DG GL/T C/L-CL MW 15 Good S S-M-H Yes No - NVR Navarre GL.BL GL SiC-C I 15-22 Good S S Yes No - PHS Peace Hills O.BL GF SL W 22 Good H S No Yes - RED Redwillow O.BL GF LS R 18-55 Good H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to reestablish vegetation shRED shallow Redwillow O.BL GF/T LS/L-CL R 15-50 Good H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to reestablish vegetation ROS Rosebank O.BL GF/T SL/L-CL W 12-60 Good H S-M-H No Yes - scROS Rosebank with O.BL GF/T SL/L-CL W 35 Good H S-M-H No Yes - saline and sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil may hinder revegetation WWT Wainwright O.DB GF or E LS R 5-65 Good H S-M-H No yes - droughty soil and difficult to reestablish vegetation
TABLE 2.3 Cont'd
2 Soil Classification: 1 Parent Material Texture Class: 3 Drainage Class: 4
gl - gleyed O.B. - Orthic Brown E - eolian C - Clay R - Rapidly pt - peaty O.BL - Orthic Black F - fluvial CL - Clay Loam W - Well sa - saline O.DB - Orthic Dark Brown GF - glaciofluvial L - Loam MW - Moderately Well sc - saline lower subsoil O.DG - Orthic Dark Gray GL - glaciolacustrine LS - Loamy Sand I - Imperfectly sh - shallow O.GL - Orthic Grey Luvisol O - organic SiC - Silty Clay P - Poorly O.HG - Orthic Humic Gleysol T - till SiL - Silt Loam VP - Very Poorly B.SS - Brown Solodized Solonetz O.R - Orthic Regosol WB - weathered bedrock SL - Sandy Loam B.SZ - Brown Solonetz R.DB - Rego Dark Brown BL.SS - Black Solodized Solonetz R.G - Rego Gleysol gv - gravelly Erosion Hazards: 5 CAR.DB - Calcareous Rego Dark Brown R.HG - Rego Humic Gleysol E.BL - Eluviated Black SZ.BL - Solonetzic Black S - Slight GL.BL - Gleyed Black T.M - Terric Mesisol M - Moderate GLCU.HR - Gleyed Cumulic Humic Regosol TY.M - Typic Mesisol H - High
Sources: Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a
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TABLE 2.4
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY WITH SOILS RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING AGRICULTURE
LOCATION (KP) CLASS LIMITATIONS 0.0 to 2.0 2 Adverse topography 2.0 to 4.0 1 --- 4.0 to 5.1 2,3 Adverse topography 7.9 to 8.7 3,5 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 8.7 to 9.5 3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 9.5 to 10.5 2,3,4 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 10.5 to 13.0 3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 13.8 to 14.3 3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 15.1 to 15.5 2,3,5 Adverse topography, soil characteristics and excess water 22.8 to 23.0 3,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 23.0 to 29.0 2,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 29.0 to 30.5 3,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 30.5 to 31.8 3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 31.8 to 33.0 3,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 33.0 to 39.7 2 Adverse soil characteristics 39.7 to 41.0 2 Adverse topography 43.2 to 45.1 2,3,6 Adverse topography, soil characteristics and excess water 50.4 to 53.8 2,3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 53.8 to 55.0 2 Adverse soil characteristics 55.0 to 57.5 2 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 57.5 to 59.6 2,6 Adverse topography, soil characteristics and excess water 59.6 to 65.7 2,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 65.7 to 68.3 2,4 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 68.3 to 69.2 3 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 69.2 to 79.1 2,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 80.9 to 87.2 3,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 87.2 to 92.0 2,4 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 92.0 to 94.6 2 Adverse soil characteristics 94.6 to 95.2 3,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 95.2 to 96.9 2 Adverse soil characteristics 96.9 to 99.0 3,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 99.0 to 100.2 2,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 100.2 to 101.1 3,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 101.1 to 110.7 2,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 110.7 to 116.2 3,4,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 116.2 to 125.9 2,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 125.9 to 127.5 2 Adverse soil characteristics 127.5 to 135.0 2,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 135.0 to 136.0 2 Adverse soil characteristics 136.0 to 137.5 2,3 Adverse soil characteristics 137.5 to 138.0 3 Adverse topography 145.3 to 150.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 150.5 to 151.0 3,6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water
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TABLE 2.4 Cont’d
LOCATION (KP) CLASS LIMITATIONS 151.0 to 152.5 2,6 Adverse climate and excess water 152.5 to 154.5 2 Adverse climate 154.5 to 157.0 2,6 Adverse climate and excess water 159.3 to 160.0 3,7 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 160.0 to 161.9 3 Adverse soil characteristics 167.9 to 168.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics
Notes: Class 1 = Soils that have no significant limitations in use for crops. Class 2 = Soils that have moderate limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 3 = Soils that have moderately severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 4 = Soils that have severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices or both. Class 5 = Soils that have very severe limitations that restrict their capability to produce perennial forage crops, and improvement practices are feasible. Class 6 = Soils that are capable only of producing perennial forage crops, and improvement practices are not feasible. Class 7 = Soils that have no capability for arable culture or permanent pasture.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1967a, 1970a, 1971a
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Alberta Hail and Crop Insurance Corporation (1980) has rated the soils along the route from the Edmonton Terminal to the Hardisty Terminal in relation to the productivity of the best provincial soils (Table 2.5). A Class A soil is considered to be the highest productive soil with each following class representing slightly less productive soils than the previous class. The productivity rating incorporates numerous land productivity concepts including climate, soil association, soil profile, soil texture, organic matter, salinity, topography and erosion.
TABLE 2.5
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
(% as Productive as Location (KP) Soil Rating Best Provincial Soils) Municipal Government 0.0 - 23.0 (Classes B to E) 16 - 78% County of Strathcona No. 20 23.0 - 38.0 (Classes C to E) 16 - 57% County of Leduc No. 25 38.0 - 94.0 (Classes B to C) 41 - 78% County of Camrose No. 22 94.0 - 173.5 (Classes B to E) 16 - 78% County of Flagstaff No. 29 173.5 - 175.4 (Classes D to E) 16 - 40% M.D. of Provost No. 52
Source: Alberta Hail and Crop Insurance Corporation 1980
2.3 Hydrology and Fish
This subsection identifies the watercourses traversed by the route, the typical flows likely to occur throughout the year, and the fish found in the watercourses.
The North Saskatchewan River drainage basin is traversed by the pipeline route between Edmonton and Hardisty. Table 2.6 identifies 18 watercourses crossed by the route (Environmental Management Associates 1993). The pipeline route crosses Mill Creek at KP 11.6 before entering the Battle River subbasin. At the crossing, the Battle River (KP 173.7) is also crossed by the pipeline within the Battle River subbasin. The Battle River is approximately 20 m in width and 0.5 m deep. The 3.5 m high banks are moderately to steeply sloped and are composed of poorly consolidated sands and silty sands. At Hardisty, the Battle River has highly variable mean monthly flows ranging from a low of less than 0.3 m 3/s in February to a high of 56.1 m 3/s in April, with peak flows occurring between March and October (Environment Canada 1994). Historical streamflows for Mill Creek and the Battle River are presented in Appendix A.
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TABLE 2.6
WATER CROSSING IDENTIFICATION
KP Watercourse Drainage Description 2.9 Unnamed Creek Drains into the North Saskatchewan River No channel - marsh area 8.5 Unnamed Creek Drains into the North Saskatchewan River Dry 11.6 Mill Creek Drains into the North Saskatchewan River Water crossing 14.3 Unnamed Creek Drains into the North Saskatchewan River Dry - no channel 38.9 Unnamed Creek Drains into the North Saskatchewan River Intermittent 93.7 Drain --- Totally dry 94.6 Drain --- Totally dry 127.0 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek Dry drain 135.7 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek No channel 139.0 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek No channel 140.7 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek Clay ponds - potholes 160.0 Iron Creek Tributary Drains into the Battle River Intermittent 161.7 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek Marshy area - no channel 164.5 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek Intermittent 167.0 Unnamed Creek Drains into Iron Creek Intermittent 168.0 Iron Creek Tributary Drains into the Battle River Intermittent 173.7 Battle River Drains into the North Saskatchewan River Water crossing 174.8 Unnamed Creek Drains into Ribstone Creek No fish habitat Source: Environmental Management Associates 1993
Surface Water Quality Extensive industrial and municipal inputs in the Edmonton area to the North Saskatchewan River watershed have negatively affected the surface water quality (fair to poor) within the watershed (Golder Associates Ltd. 1997).
Groundwater The groundwater quality within the vicinity of the pipeline route is not exceptionally good with respect to potability (Hackbarth 1975). Most analyses have total dissolved solids, sulfate, alkalinity and sodium in excess of provincial standards and nitrate pollution is a problem in localized areas.
Fish Mill Creek, at the pipeline crossing near KP 11.6, lacks a defined channel and does not provide habitat for fish. The Battle River (KP 173.7) provides spawning habitat for northern pike and walleye, as well as summer feeding habitat for mooneye and goldeye. Instream timing constraints for the Battle River extend from April 15 to June 30 (Environmental Management Associates 1993).
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2.4 Vegetation
This subsection describes the vegetation and natural regions encountered along the route. In addition, plant species of concern potentially occurring along the route are identified. Since the potential for grass and bush fires along the pipeline route is dependent upon moisture and temperature, the fire hazard varies year to year.
All of this segment of the pipeline route lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). Although native vegetation within the Central Parkland Subregion consists of a combination of aspen and grassland, most of the route has been cleared for agricultural purposes. Two major forest types recognized in this subregion are aspen and balsam poplar. Understory species associated with aspen stands include snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, choke cherry, bunchberry, wild lily-of-the-valley and false melic grass. Understory species associated with balsam poplar stands include red oiser dogwood, pussy willow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bracted honeysuckle, bluebells, palmate-leaved coltsfoot, mitrewort and baneberry. Species common to both types of stands include woods rose, low-bush cranberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle, sarsaparilla, bearded wheat grass, fairy bells, pink wintergreen, Lindley’s aster, cream-coloured peavine, American vetch and star-flowered Solomon’s seal. The grassland component of the subregion consists of rough fescue, western porcupine grass, june grass and western wheatgrass.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion traversed by the pipeline route (see Appendix B), however, no plants currently classified as having any special conservation status were discovered during previous rare plant surveys along the pipeline route from the Edmonton Terminal to the Hardisty Terminal (Wilkinson 1996).
Weed control on agricultural land is of concern to farmers and local government agencies. Weed species of concern include scentless chamomile, Canada thistle, sow thistle, Russian thistle, quack grass, toadflax and leafy spurge.
2.5 Wildlife
This subsection identifies the economically and ecologically important wildlife species and habitat traversed by the pipeline route. Species with special conservation status with ranges in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty are listed in Appendix C. Wildlife surveys were conducted along this portion of the Enbridge right-of- way in 1996 and the observations are described in Table 2.7.
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TABLE 2.7
SUMMARY OF WILDLIFE SURVEY RESULTS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
KP Legal Location Observation 24.7 to 31.1 SE 33-50-22 W4M to NW 11-50-22 W4M snags, wetland and unique vegetation 43.7 to 45.7 NE 15-49-21 W4M to SE 12-49-12 W4M red-tailed hawk nests 60.9 to 61.3 SW 20-48-19 W4M small wetlands 105.5 to 106.6 SE 18-46-15 W4M wetland 138.0 to 142.0 SE 34-44-13 W4M to NW 10-44-13 W4M large wetland complex 166.0 to 170.0 SW 9-43-10 W4M to SW 2-43-10 W4M mountain bluebird nest Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994b, 1995, 1996
Ungulates Lands along the pipeline route provide fair to good habitat for ungulates. White-tailed deer are the most common big game species found along the route, particularly within the Battle River valley (Wildlife Key Area KP 173.0 - KP 175.0) (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1985). On native pasture lands along the route in eastern Alberta, pronghorn antelope are common. Mule deer are found in areas of native vegetation and suitable escape terrain.
From the Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) to near Sedgewick (approximately KP 148.0) the Canada Land Inventory (1969,1970b,c) has rated the lands crossed by the route as generally having very slight (Class 2) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates. The limitations to production are adverse topography, low soil fertility and adverse soil characteristics. Also along this segment, four portions of the route (KP 5 to KP 8; KP 13 to KP 14.5; KP 45 to KP 50; KP 135 to KP 137), have been rated as having no significant limitations (Class 1) to the production of ungulates. Lands in the vicinity of Sedgewick (KP 139 to KP 147) have been rated as having moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of ungulates, due to poor soil moisture (Table 2.8).
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TABLE 2.8
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING TO THE PRODUCTION OF UNGULATES
Location (KP) Class Limitations 0.0 to 5.2 2 Adverse topography 5.2 to 7.9 1 --- 7.9 to 8.6 2 Adverse topography 8.6 to 10.1 3 Adverse topography, lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 10.1 to 10.7 2 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 10.7 to 12.9 2 Adverse topography 12.9 to 14.9 1 --- 14.9 to 20.1 3 Adverse topography, lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 20.1 to 22.9 2 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 22.9 to 26.9 2 Adverse topography 26.9 to 33.3 3 Adverse topography, lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 33.3 to 43.5 2 Adverse topography 43.5 to 43.9 1 --- 43.9 to 45.2 2 Adverse topography 45.2 to 50.1 1 --- 50.1 to 57.7 2 Adverse topography 57.7 to 58.3 2,5 Adverse topography, poor soil moisture 58.3 to 79.5 2 Adverse topography 79.5 to 80.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics, topography 80.7 to 136.5 2 Adverse topography 136.5 to 138.6 1 --- 138.6 to 138.8 2 Adverse topography 142.2 to 142.7 2 Adverse topography 146.7 to 148.7 2 Adverse topography 148.7 to 153.9 3 Adverse topography, aridity 153.9 to 155.6 2 Aridity 155.6 to 158.9 3 Adverse topography, aridity 158.9 to 159.8 2 Aridity 159.8 to 161.4 3 Adverse topography, aridity 161.4 to 164.9 2 Aridity 164.9 to 168.7 3 Adverse topography, aridity 171.0 to 172.6 3 Poor soil moisture 172.6 to 174.3 1W --- 174.3 to 175.4 3 Adverse topography, aridity
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TABLE 2.8 Cont’d
Notes: Class 1 = Lands that have no significant limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 1W = Lands that are winter ranges on which animals from surrounding areas depend. Class 2 = Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 3 = Lands that have slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 5 = Lands that have moderately severe limitations to the production of ungulates.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1969, 1970b,c
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From KP 148 to approximately KP 174.4, lands crossed by the route have generally been rated as having slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates (Canada Land Inventory 1969,1970b,c). Small portions of this route segment have been rated as having very slight (Class 2) to moderate (Class 4) limitations to ungulate production. Limiting factors include adverse topography, aridity and poor soil moisture. The Battle River valley (KP 173.0 to KP 174.5) has no significant limitations (Class 1W) to the production of ungulates, and provides winter habitat for ungulates from surrounding areas (Table 2.8).
Waterfowl and Upland Game Birds Lands along the pipeline route provide poor to excellent waterfowl habitat and are located along the central flyway. The route in the vicinity of KP 65 to KP 67 is located within 1 km of a Wildlife Key Area for waterfowl staging at Demay Lake and within 1 km of a historical sharp-tailed grouse lek at KP 142 (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981a,b, 1985).
Most of the lands crossed by the route in Alberta have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970d,e,f) as ranging from having no significant (Class 1) limitations to having moderate (Class 4) limitations to the production of waterfowl. Three small portions of this segment; from approximately KP 2.0 to KP 4.5; northwest of Joseph Lake (KP 26.5 to KP 33.5); and southeast of Sedgewick (KP 144.5 to KP 150.5), have moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of waterfowl. In addition, lands in the vicinity of the Battle River (KP 165.5 to KP 174.5) have been rated as having moderately severe (Class 5) to severe (Class 6) limitations to waterfowl production (Canada Land Inventory 1970d,e,f). The limitations are due primarily to adverse topography, the poor water-holding capacity of soils and a poor distribution of marshes or basins (Table 2.9).
Four Ducks Unlimited Canada projects are crossed by the pipeline route on patented lands. Table 2.10 identifies the name of the project, the pipeline segment within the area, and the type of water habitat improvement project. The landowners delay haying on these lands until after July 15.
The pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty traverses several migratory bird habitat subregions as defined by Poston et al. (1990). These subregions are landscape divisions based primarily on soils, however, are also distinct on the basis of elevation, relief, landform, drainage and general substrate. The subregions contain habitat of varying significance for migratory birds (Table 2.11).
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TABLE 2.9
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING THE PRODUCTION OF WATERFOWL
Location (KP) Class Limitations 0.3 to 2.4 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 4.3 to 8.4 1 --- 8.4 to 12.7 3 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 12.7 to 14.7 3 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 15.0 to 15.3 3 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 18.2 to 22.4 3 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 22.8 to 26.7 2 Adverse topography 43.1 to 50.6 3 Lack of nutrients in the soil/water for optimum plant growth 52.0 to 55.8 3 Adverse topography 55.8 to 63.8 1 --- 63.8 to 64.6 3 Adverse topography 64.6 to 65.2 1 --- 65.2 to 66.1 1, 5 --- 67.5 to 72.1 3 Poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 72.1 to 82.7 1 --- 82.7 to 85.7 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 89.1 to 92.2 1 --- 94.5 to 95.9 1 --- 96.3 to 99.2 1 --- 101.1 to 101.8 1 --- 113.7 to 119.8 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 119.8 to 124.8 1 --- 124.8 to 125.7 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 125.7 to 126.2 1 --- 126.2 to 128.7 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 128.7 to 135.2 1 --- 135.5 to 138.4 1 --- 138.8 to 141.9 1 --- 142.7 to 145.1 1 --- 150.4 to 158.8 3 Adverse topography, poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum habitat 158.8 to 163.2 1 --- 168.5 to 168.8 2 Reduced marsh edge Notes:
Class 1 = Lands that have no significant limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 2 = Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 3 = Lands that have slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 5 = Lands that have moderately severe limitations to the production of waterfowl.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970d,e,f
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TABLE 2.10
DUCKS UNLIMITED PROJECTS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
KP Project Name Type of Project Timing Constraint 50.0 to 50.5 Porcupine Project managed nesting area - delayed haycut April 1 to July 15 61.3 to 62.2 Lindstrand Project managed nesting area - delayed haycut April 1 to July 15 104.8 to 105.5 Midbo Project managed nesting area - delayed haycut April 1 to July 15 158.9 to 159.7 Frost Project managed nesting area - delayed haycut April 1 to July 15
TABLE 2.11
SIGNIFICANT MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT SUBREGIONS THAT ARE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Habitat Significance KP (approx.) Subregion (National, Regional Or Local) Waterbody 0.0 - 52.0 Cooking Lake National: Staging ducks Big Hay Lake Upland No. 7.07 Regional: Breeding, moulting and Miquelon, Joseph/Oliver, staging ducks as well as; breeding geese Hastings and Cooking lakes and colonial birds Local: Moulting and staging ducks; Big Hay, Joseph/Oliver, breeding and staging geese; nonbreeding Miquelon, Big Island and colonial birds as well as; breeding Miquelon East lakes; threatened species (piping plover) Armena Area and Bretona Pond 52.0 - 94.0 Beaverhill Lake National: Breeding, moulting and staging Beaverhill Lake Plain No. 4.20 ducks as well as; staging shorebirds Regional: Moulting and staging ducks; Bittern Lake staging geese; breeding colonial birds as well as; staging shorebirds Local: Staging ducks; breeding geese as Demay and Dusty lakes well as; breeding and nonbreeding colonial birds 94.0 - 144.0 Killam Plain National: Breeding and staging ducks Wavy Lake No. 4.18 Local: Moulting ducks Wavy Lake 144.0 - 173.0 Battle River National: Breeding ducks Bellshill Lake 174.0 - 175.4 Upland No. 4.08 Regional: Staging ducks and geese ---
Note: While the pipeline route traverses the habitat subregion, it may not traverse any site-specific areas providing the significance as noted.
Source: Poston et al. 1990
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Rare and Endangered Species The pipeline route between Edmonton and Hardisty does not traverse any known site- specific habitats which support Vulnerable, Threatened or Endangered wildlife species (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999). Possible wildlife species with special conservation status that may occur in the vicinity of the pipeline route include: the peregrine falcon (Threatened), piping plover (Endangered), ferruginous hawk (Vulnerable), loggerhead shrike (Threatened).
2.6 Zoning, Land Use and Resource Use
This subsection identifies the administrative districts as well as land and natural resources uses traversed by the route from the Edmonton to Hardisty terminals.
The route from Edmonton to Hardisty does not cross any Indian Reserves, Metis Settlements, existing or proposed provincial or regional parks or lands under Parks Canada’s jurisdiction, Ecological Reserves, Canadian Heritage Rivers (Alberta Environmental Protection 1996), Buck for Wildlife sites (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994b), International Biological Program sites, refuges, or other lands with special conservation designations (Bowes pers. comm.). However, the route is adjacent to the Sherwood Park Natural Area (SE 11-52-23 W4M) at KP 9.5.
Municipal Jurisdiction and Zoning The route crosses the following five municipal boundaries: County of Strathcona No. 20; County of Leduc No. 25; County of Camrose No. 22: County of Flagstaff No. 29 and; the Municipal District of Provost No. 52. Most of the lands along of the route have been zoned Agricultural. However, the existing easement encroaches upon several communities, country residential subdivisions, campgrounds, golf courses, cemeteries, and other facilities that are identified in Table 2.12. Land use zoning along the pipeline route is identified in Table 2.13.
Land and Resource Use Agriculture is the dominant use along the route and approximately 50% of the lands traversed are cultivated. Other land uses include: 22% pasture, 16% hay land, 7% bush pasture, 2% bush/native prairie with the remaining 3% consisting of miscellaneous uses such as industrial and recreational use. Commonly grown crops include spring wheat, barley, canola and oats.
The pipeline route does not traverse any existing or abandoned coal mines (Energy and Conservation Board 1988). The pipeline route does not interfere with any provincial gravel
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pits, however, an area of aggregate resource potential is crossed from KP 167.0 to KP 168.0 (Alberta Research Council 1977).
TABLE 2.12
FACILITIES/DEVELOPMENTS LOCATED IN THE VICINITY OF THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Approx. Distance of Route to KP Facilities/Developments Development 3.7 to 4.5 Ordze Park residential subdivision 1 0 m 4.5 to 5.3 Fountain Creek Estates residential subdivision 1 0 m 5.3 to 5.4 Sherwood Park Golf Course 0 m 5.4 to 6.4 Chrenek Estates residential subdivision 1 0 m 6.4 to 6.8 Chrenek Acres residential subdivision 0 m 6.8 to 7.4 Winfield Heights residential subdivision 0 m 12.3 Bretona Provincial Recreation Area 100 m 14.2 to 14.3 Belvedere Golf Course 0 m 34.2 Joseph Lake Centennial Park 400 m 47.6 Wilhelmine Lutheran Church Cemetery 100 m 67.6 Round Hill - St. Stanislands Roman Catholic 40 m Church 142.5 Sedgewick Cemetery 20 m 142.6 to 142.9 Sedgewick Lake Campground 0 m 144.7 Flagstaff Waste Transfer Facility 0 m 154.0 to 154.1 Town of Lougheed 0 km 173.0 Hardisty Cemetery 20 m 173.7 Hardisty Campground 200 m
Notes:
1 Urban services have been extended to include these developments (Phillips pers. comm.)
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TABLE 2.13
MUNICIPAL JURISDICTION AND LAND USE ZONING ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDSITY
Governing Agency KP Land Use Zoning County of Strathcona No. 20 0.0 to 1.8 Medium Industrial County of Strathcona No. 20 1.8 to 3.5 Restricted Development Area County of Strathcona No. 20 3.5 to 4.5 Country Residential County of Strathcona No. 20 4.5 to 5.4 Rural County of Strathcona No. 20 5.4 to 7.4 Country Residential County of Strathcona No. 20 7.4 to 8.9 Rural County of Strathcona No. 20 8.9 to 9.5 Country Residential County of Strathcona No. 20 9.5 to 10.4 Rural County of Strathcona No. 20 10.4 to 11.0 Small Holdings County of Strathcona No. 20 11.0 to 22.9 Rural County of Leduc No. 25 22.9 to 34.5 Country Residential/Agricultural County of Leduc No. 25 34.5 to 37.9 Wildlife Habitat County of Camrose No. 22 37.9 to 93.8 Agricultural - Low Density District County of Flagstaff No. 29 93.8 to 93.9 Agricultural Highway County of Flagstaff No. 29 93.9 to 130.9 Agricultural County of Flagstaff No. 29 130.9 to 131.1 Agricultural Highway County of Flagstaff No. 29 131.1 to 147.8 Agricultural County of Flagstaff No. 29 147.8 to 152.0 Agricultural Highway County of Flagstaff No. 29 152.0 to 161.6 Agricultural County of Flagstaff No. 29 161.6 to 174.0 Agricultural Highway Municipal District of Provost No. 52 174.0 to 175.4 Agricultural
Sources: County of Camrose No. 22 1992 County of Flagstaff No. 29 1991 County of Strathcona No. 20 1990 Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1983, 1984 Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and Palliser Regional Municipal Services 1997
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The pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty lies in the vicinity of four Environmentally Sensitive/Significant Areas (ESA). A locally significant environmentally sensitive area for waterfowl and water-associated bird habitat is crossed from KP 15.3 to KP 15.5 and KP 15.8 to KP 16.2 (Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1989). The pipeline route lies within 1 km of the locally environmental significant McFadden Lake Forest from approximately KP 20.5 to KP 21.5. This area is a valuable wildlife corridor which provides good upland wildlife habitat (Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1989). Looking Back Lake (locally significant) ESA is a waterfowl breeding and staging area and lies within 1 km on the pipeline route from KP 27.0 to KP 29.0 (Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1991). The Ministik Lake ESA is considered provincially significant for waterfowl production and as a staging area for tundra swans (Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1991). This ESA is located within 1 km of the pipeline route from approximately KP 32.5 to KP 35.0.
Recreational Activities Recreational opportunities along the route are limited and lands along most of the route have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972a, 1973a,b) as having moderately low (Class 5) to low (Class 6) capability for recreation. Lands along the route in the vicinity of Looking Back Lake, Joseph Lake, Demay Lake and Shallow Lake have been rated as having moderate (Class 4) capability for outdoor recreation. Recreational opportunities include viewing upland wildlife, hiking, aesthetic appreciation of the area or viewing areas exhibiting cultural landscape patterns of agricultural, industrial or social interest. In addition, lands adjacent to the lakes provide opportunities for viewing wetland wildlife and provide access to water suitable for popular forms of family boating.
The pipeline route in Alberta traverses the Sherwood Park and Belvedere Golf Courses from KP 5.3 to KP 5.4 and KP 14.2 to KP 14.2 respectively. The Sedgewick Lake Campground is crossed from KP 142.6 to KP 142.9.
2.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics The City of Edmonton, Alberta, and its greater Metropolitan area, is located adjacent to the Edmonton Terminal. The city has a population of 627,000, while the Edmonton Metropolitan area has a population of 840,000 (Alberta Motor Association 1999, Alberta First Com. Ltd. 1999). Sherwood Park is located within the Greater Edmonton Metropolitan area, in the County of Strathcona. Sherwood Park has a population of 29,285 people and provides a large variety of retail and commercial services. Access to the Edmonton area is provided by Provincial Highways 2, 14, 15, 16, 19, 28, and 37, as well as by C.P. Rail and C.N. Rail. The major economic base for the Edmonton Metropolitan area is services, trade, manufacturing, transportation, communication, utilities and the public sector (Economic Development Edmonton 1993a). The total labour force is 360,700 people
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between 15 and 65 years of age, consisting of approximately 53% males and 47% of females (Economic Development Edmonton 1993b). The facilities and services available in the Edmonton Metropolitan area and other communities located in the vicinity of the pipeline route are identified in Table 2.14.
The Village of New Sarepta, Alberta, is located 4 km west of the pipeline route at approximately KP 35. New Sarepta is located within the County of Leduc and has a population of 404. Access to the village is provided by Provincial Highway 21, Secondary Highway 623 and C.N. Rail. The major economic base for New Sarepta is trade, services and agriculture (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988). The total labour force is 135 people between the ages of 15 and 65, consisting of approximately 59% males and 41% of females (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988).
The City of Camrose, Alberta, is located 15 km south of the pipeline route at approximately KP 55. Camrose is located in the County of Camrose and has a population of 13,701 people. Access to the community is provided by Provincial Highways 21, 13, 26, Secondary Highways 833 and 956, and C.N. Rail. The major economic base for the city is agricultural services, steel mill, petroleum exploration, and education (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988). The total labour force is 9,690 people between 15 and 65 years of age, consisting of approximately 47% males and 53% females (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988).
The Town of Sedgewick, Alberta, is located along the pipeline route at approximately KP 144.5. Sedgewick has a population of 874 and is located within the County of Flagstaff. Access to the community is provided by Provincial Highways 13, 36, Secondary Highway 869, and C.P. Rail. The major economic base for the town is agriculture and oil and gas (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988). The total labour force is 350 people between 15 and 65 years of age, consisting of approximately 63% males and 37% females (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988).
The community of Lougheed, Alberta, is located about 150 m north of the pipeline route at approximately KP 154.5. Lougheed is located in the County of Flagstaff and is serviced by Provincial Highway 13, Secondary Highway 870, and C.P. Rail. Lougheed has a population of 279 people.
The Town of Hardisty, Alberta, is located less than 1 km north of the pipeline route at KP 171.5. Hardisty is located within the County of Flagstaff and is serviced by Provincial Highway 13, Secondary Highway 881 and C.P. Rail. The town has a population of 656 people. The major economic base for Hardisty is agriculture, fuel storage and petroleum exploration (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988). The total work force is 340 people between 15 and 65 years of age, consisting of approximately 65% males and 35% percent females (Alberta Economic Development & Trade 1988).
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TABLE 2.14
PROFILES OF COMMUNITIES NEAR THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Rail Service Schools Recreation Hotels/Motels Campgrounds Bus Courier Play- Field No. of Total Serviced COMMUNITY Population Airport CN CP Service Service Taxis Public Separate Clinics Hospitals Fire Police Ambulance Arena Curling grounds Baseball Sports Library Golf Pool No. rooms No. Sites Sites Restaurants Shopping Banks Edmonton 616,295 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y New Sarepta 340 N Y N Y Y N Y N N N Y N N Y N Y Y Y Y N N 1 1 Y N N Camrose 13,720 N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Sedgewick Lougheed Hardisty 808 Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N 1 47 2 69 Y Y Y Y Amisk 214 N N Y Y Y N Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y N N N ------Y U Y
Sources: Alberta First Com.Ltd. 1999 Alberta Motor Association 1999
NOTES: Y = Yes N = No U = Unknown
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2.8 Historical Resources
The historical resources overview consisted of a search of the site survey records maintained by the Provincial Museum of Alberta, Alberta Community Development. Two major Borden Blocks (FP and FO) are crossed by the pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty. The record review focused on determining the number and nature of previous studies in the area and the nature of archaeological and historic sites previously recorded in the region.
The results of the site file search indicate that 11 previously recorded heritage resources sites occur within or immediately adjacent to the pipeline route from Edmonton to Hardisty. All of the sites are prehistoric. The prehistoric sites consist of one isolated find (FjPh 55), two scatters (FhPg 7, FhPg 8), one stone feature (cairn) (FgPd 2), and seven campsites (FdOt 1, FdOt 6, FdOt 9, FdOt 10, FeOw 5, FeOw 6, FfOx 5) (Table 2.15).
TABLE 2.15
SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL RESOURCE SITES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Approx. Borden Geographical KP No. Site Type Site Context Site Visibility Setting 3.0 FjPh 55 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Sand Knoll 32.0 FhPg 8 Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Terrace 34.0 FhPg 7 Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 69.0 FgPd 2 Stone Feature/ Disturbed Surficial Feature Prairie Edge Cairn 122.5 FfOx 5 Campsite Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Not Given 137.5 FeOw 6 Campsite Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Ridge 138.5 FeOw 5 Campsite Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 171.0 FdOt 1 Campsite Part Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure/ Upland Shovel Test 171.8 FdOt 9 Campsite Part Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Valley Rim, Battle River 175.5 FdOt 6 Campsite Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Valley Rim, Battle River 171.5 FdOt 10 Campsite Part Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland, Battle River
Source: Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993a, 1997a
Of the 11 previously recorded sites associated with the pipeline route, two (FdOt 1, FdOt 9) are of particular concern. Site FdOt 1, the Anderson Site, is situated in 10-35-42-10 W4M near KP 171.0. Archaeological excavations, consisting of two 2x4 meter units, were previously conducted at the Anderson Site. Approximately 1,700 stone artifacts were recovered. It was estimated that the site covered 12,000 m 2. Further testing of the site has
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yielded cultural material ranging from Middle Prehistoric to Late Prehistoric in age. The intact occupation level has been assigned a Bitterroot cultural affiliation and is associated with radiocarbon dates ranging from 5460±160 B.P. to 4345±160 B.P.
The Wells Site FdOt 9 (8-35-42-10 W4M and 5-36-42-10 W4M) near KP 171.8 was recorded by Gerald Conaty in 1975. He described it as a site containing lithic material, chipped and split quartzite stone, and some bone observed in a sand dune area. The site was revisited and reassessed in 1987. At that time over 65 artifacts including a biface, a uniface, a thumbnail end scraper, and a projectile point, in addition to a number of retouched and unmodified flakes, were observed. Forty-six square meters were excavated and surface collection was undertaken at the Wells Site (FdOt 9) by Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. Over 1,000 artifacts, nearly 2,000 faunal remains, and nearly 2,500 pieces of fire broken rock were recovered during this program. Based on stratigraphic distribution of cultural material, typological comparison of projectile point styles, and radiometric data, this site was occupied initially during the Besant Samantha Phase (1500 B.P.) and later during the Old Women's Phase (1200-1300 B.P.). The faunal remains indicate that intensive food processing, probably associated with bison pounding, were the primary activities conducted at the site.
Both the Wells Site and the Anderson Site are important because of their extent, content, and temporal relationships. Current information indicates that any development on the north side of the existing right-of-way will impact each of the site areas.
The prominent hill located in 4-43-10 W4M and 9-43-10 W4M is of potential concern. This area has been identified as a possible location for the Iron Creek Meteorite. The Iron Creek Meteorite is the second largest known meteorite in Canada, weighing about 386 pounds (175 kg) and composed of over 91% iron, nearly 9% nickel, and less than 0.5% cobalt. Pi- wa-pisk-oo (Ironstone) fell in the vicinity of Iron Creek, near Hardisty, Alberta.
The meteorite and its location are of particular significance to the native peoples. Pi-wa- pisk-oo was revered in its natural location by the native peoples. It was removed by Reverend McDougall in 1866 and transported to the Pakan Mission near Smoky Lake (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1991).
The heritage resource potential of the pipeline segment ranges from low to high, depending on the particular terrain types intercepted by the right-of-way. Prehistoric site potential is generally high in localities associated with drainage systems, sloughs, and sand dune complexes. Flat, undifferentiated terrain is typically associated with low prehistoric potential.
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3.0 HARDISTY TERMINAL TO KERROBERT STATION
The following subsections describe the environmental and socioeconomic setting along the Enbridge right-of-way from the Hardisty Terminal to the Kerrobert Station. This segment of the Enbridge right-of-way was initially assessed in the Environmental and Socio- Economic Impact Assessment for the Capacity Expansion Program and submitted to the National Energy Board (NEB) in 1993. The information has been updated in 1999 for the proposed Enbridge Terrace Phase II Expansion. Kilometer Post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along Enbridge right-of-way from the Hardisty Terminal (KP 175.4) to the Kerrobert Station (KP 351.3).
3.1 Physiography and Geology
Physiography Physiography characteristics assist in the identification of topographic features and surficial deposits traversed by the Enbridge right-of-way.
The segment of the pipeline route in Alberta is located within the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). In Saskatchewan, the route is located within the Snipe Lake Plain of the Alberta High Plains physiographic region from the border (KP 275) to the Kerrobert Station (KP 351.3) (Ferguson and Hunt 1981, Hart and Barber 1979). Physiographic subdivisions traversed by the pipeline route are listed in Table 3.1.
TABLE 3.1
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISIONS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Location (KP) Physiographic Region Physiographic Subdivisions Alberta 175.4 to 188.0 Eastern Alberta Plain Neutral Upland/ Neutral Hills Uplands 188.0 to 198.5 Eastern Alberta Plain Ribstone Plain/ Snipe Lake Plain 198.5 to 217.0 Eastern Alberta Plain Neutral Upland/ Neutral Hills Uplands 217.0 to 231.0 Eastern Alberta Plain Ribstone Plain/ Snipe Lake Plain 231.0 to 271.0 Eastern Alberta Plain Provost Upland/ Neutral Hills Uplands 271.0 to 275.4 Eastern Alberta Plain Ribstone Plain/ Snipe Lake Plain Saskatchewan 275.4 to 351.3 Alberta High Plain Snipe Lake Plain
Sources: Pettapiece 1986 Ferguson and Hunt 1981 Hart and Barber 1979
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The topography along the route is generally level to undulating. Localized areas of low dunes occur along the western portion of the route.
Bedrock Geology This subsection identifies the types of bedrock that may be encountered along the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert and the likelihood of encounter, if known. Bedrock geology is the precursor to surficial deposits and soils and, consequently, has an influence on chemistry of the soil profile.
The portion of the route in Alberta, from KP 175 to KP 275, is underlain by the Cretaceous aged Belly River Group (Hamilton et al. 1999). These nonmarine strata are grey to greenish grey, thickly bedded, feldspathic sandstone; grey clayey siltstone; grey and green mudstone; and concretionary ironstone beds (Hamilton et al. 1999). The remainder of the route to the Kerrobert Station is underlain by the Cretaceous-aged Bearpaw Formation. These marine strata are grey marine silty clay and shale, locally concretionary and bentonitic with glauconitic sand tongues (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
The underlying bedrock formations were not encountered within 1.9 m of the surface at any of the sites investigated during the soil survey along the pipeline route (Mentiga Pedology Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1999). Surficial Geology Soils are developed from surficial deposits. The characteristics of surficial deposits are related to potential concerns such as compaction and rutting, trench instability, erosion hazard and topography.
Surficial deposits of both glacial and post-glacial origin are present along the pipeline route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station. Table 3.2 identifies the surficial deposits, their depositional environment, and the corresponding topographic expression occurring along the pipeline route.
The western portion of the route traverses glacial till of various forms. From KP 178 to KP 186.5, moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography is present. The hummocks range from low irregularly shaped to round well defined knobs, dimpled knobs, doughnut-shaped hills and kettles. The local relief varies from 3 to 20 m. The hummocky topography consists of varying thicknesses of glacial till deposited during ice stagnation (Shetsen 1990). The glacial till deposits consist of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravels. At KP 180.5, the pipeline route crosses an esker.
Another type of glacial till traversed by the western portion of the route is in the form of undulating to moderately developed hummocky topography from KP 199 to KP 212.9, KP 216.9 to KP 218.4, and KP 258 to KP 270.5. Local relief is generally low (3 to 10 m).
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The hummocky topography consists of irregularly shaped and poorly defined knobs and kettles.
TABLE 3.2
PREDOMINANT SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND TOPOGRAPHY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Surficial Depositional KP Deposit Environment Topography/Local Relief 175.5 to 178 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposit Undulating to hummocky topography 178 to 183.6 glacial till stagnation moraine Moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography 3-20 m 183.6 to 184.6 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposit Undulating to hummocky topography 184.6 to 186.5 glacial till stagnation moraine Moderately developed hummocky topography 3 – 10 m 186.5 to 191 glacial ice-contact Undulating to hummocky topography fluvial/lacustrine lacustrine/fluvial deposits – undivided 191 to 199 eolian sand and eolian deposit Undulating to rolling topography silt 199 to 212.9 glacial till stagnation moraine Moderately developed, hummocky topography 3-10 m 212.9 to 215 fluvial fluvial deposit Flat to undulating topography 215 to 216.9 glacial ice-contact Undulating to hummocky topography fluvial/lacustrine lacustrine/fluvial deposits – undivided 216.9 to 218.4 glacial till stagnation moraine Moderately developed hummocky topography 3 to 10 m 218.4 to 223.7 glacial ice-contact Undulating to hummocky topography fluvial/lacustrine lacustrine/fluvial deposits – undivided 223.7 to 225 eolian sand and eolian deposit Undulating to rolling topography silt 225 to 231.3 glacial fluvial/ ice-contact Undulating to hummocky topography lacustrine lacustrine/fluvial deposit – undivided 231.3 to 258 glacial lacustrine lacustrine/ice-contact Flat to undulating topography lacustrine deposits 258 to 270.5 glacial till stagnation moraine Moderately developed, hummocky topography 3-10 m 270.5 to 275 glacial ice-contact Undulating to hummocky topography fluvial/lacustrine lacustrine/fluvial deposits - undivided 275 to 299 glacial till stagnation moraine Undulating topography 299 to 328 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit Gently to moderately undulating topography 328 to 335.5 eolian sand eolian deposit Gently undulating topography 335.5 to 351.3 glacial till stagnation moraine Undulating topography Sources: Mitchell et al. 1944, Scott 1971, Shetson 1990
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Glacial fluvial deposits are another type of glacially derived surficial deposit that occurs along the route from KP 175.5 to KP 178. Glacial fluvial deposits are predominant in the area, forming undulating to hummocky topography consisting of fine sand, silt and clay up to 25 m thick. The fine sediments are described as ice contact fluvial deposits, formed in ice front fans and deltas (Shetsen 1990).
The till deposit was formed as a result of ice stagnation and consists of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravel deposits (Shetsen 1990). From KP 212.9 to KP 215, recent fluvial deposits of fine sediments including fine sand, silt and clay with minor gravel beds and coarse sediments including gravel and sand occur in association with Ribstone Creek.
Undivided glacial fluvial and glacial lacustrine deposits occur along the route from KP 186.5 to KP 191, KP 215 to KP 216.9, KP 218.4 to KP 223.7, KP 225.0 to KP 231.3 and KP 270.5 to KP 275. These deposits consist of gravel, sand, silt, clay and local till which form undulating to hummocky topography (Shetsen 1990). These varied deposits occur as a result of ice-contact lacustrine and fluvial deposition along supraglacial lakes and streams and at margins of ice-floored proglacial lakes (Shetsen 1990). Thickness varies and can reach up to 25 m thick.
Eolian fine and medium sand and silt are encountered from KP 191 to KP 199 and KP 223.7 to KP 225.0. The eolian deposits form longitudinal and parabolic dunes scoured by blowouts with thickness varying up to 7 m (Shetsen 1990). The local relief is described as undulating to rolling topography.
Glacial lacustrine deposits also occur along the route from KP 231.3 to KP 258. This section of the route traverses flat to undulating topography of thick (up to 80 m) glacial lacustrine deposits. The materials deposited in proglacial lakes consist of silt and clay (Shetsen 1990). There are small areas within this route segment of coarser deposits of sand and silt that may be modified by wind. From KP 235 to KP 244.5 the route traverses ice- contact lacustrine deposits consisting of sand and silt up to 20 m thick. These deposits form undulating to hummocky topography since the deposition is associated with glacial ice. From KP 299 to KP 328, the route traverses gently to moderately undulating topography consisting of glacial lacustrine deposits (Mitchell et al. 1944, Scott 1971). The deposits are described as silty clay with local varved deposits as well as areas in which till surfaces are covered by thin lacustrine deposits (Scott 1971). These fine sediments were laid down by proglacial lakes during deglaciation.
The various glacial landforms along the eastern portion of the route consist of glacial till, glacial lacustrine, glacial fluvial, eolian and fluvial sand deposits. From KP 275 to KP 299 and KP 335.5 to KP 351.3, the route traverses glacial till consisting of unsorted clay, silt, and gravel (Mitchell et al. 1944). The glacial till deposited during ice stagnation forms
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undulating topography characterized by a wavelike pattern (Mitchell et al. 1944). From KP 328 to KP 335.5, the route traverses eolian deposits derived from glacial fluvial and lacustrine sediments that have been reworked by the wind (Mitchell et al. 1944). Small lakes and sloughs may occupy the local depressions found throughout the area. The pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert lies south of the region where perennially frozen ground is typically present and at too low of an elevation for alpine permafrost to be a consideration.
3.2 Soils This subsection identifies the soil types that are encountered along the right-of-way from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station as well as any soil characteristics that may be of concern during construction, such as erosion risk, problem subsoils and susceptibility to compaction.
A detailed soil survey was previously conducted along the route from Hardisty to Kerrobert by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. (1993, 1994a) and was previously submitted to the NEB in the 1996 System Expansion Program Phase II Application. In addition, further soil investigations were conducted at areas along the route with potential problem lower subsoils by Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. (1999) for the Enbridge Terrace Phase II Application. Table 3.3 summarizes the main characteristics of the soils encountered along the pipeline route and the implication to pipeline construction. Detailed mapping of individual soil units is presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets filed with the NEB in the 1993 Capacity Expansion Program.
The Canada Land Inventory (1968a, 1970a,g) has rated the capability of soils along the pipeline route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station for agriculture. The lands along the route rated as having no significant (Class 1) to moderately severe (Class 3) limitations restricting agricultural production are listed in Table 3.4. A brief description of the soil ratings is provided below while a complete record of Canada Land Inventory soil capability ratings along the pipeline route are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
Canada Land Inventory (1970a) has rated the soils from KP 175.5 to KP 239 as ranging from having moderately severe (Class 3) limitations on crops to being capable only of producing perennial forage crops (Class 6). The soils are limited due to undesirable structure, low permeability, adverse topography and excess water.
The soils traversed from KP 239 to KP 351.3 generally have been rated as ranging from having moderate (Class 2) to moderately severe (Class 3) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices (Canada Land Inventory 1968a, 1970a,g). At Eyehill Creek (KP 271 to KP 280) and Shallow Lake (KP 324.5 to 339 and KP 343.5 to
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KP 351.3), the soils have been rated as ranging from having severe limitations (Class 4) to being capable only of producing perennial forage crops (Class 6) (Canada Land Inventory 1968a, 1970a,g). Soil limitations include undesirable structure, low permeability, excess water, stoniness, erosion and adverse topography.
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TABLE 3.3
SUMMARY OF SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Colour Erosion Hazards 5 Susceptible Differentiation Wind Water to Soil Susceptible to Soil Soil Parent Drainage Topsoil Depth Between Topsoil Compaction Trench 1 2 3 4 Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Texture Class Class Range (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns AQ Asquith O.DB GF SL-LS W-R 8-75 Fair H S-M No Yes - shAQ shallow O.DB GF SL-LS W-R 10-30 Fair H S-M No Yes - Asquith BG Biggar O.DB GF cSL-LcS W-R 8-25 Good H S-M No Yes - shBR shallow O.DB GL/T fSL-L/L-CL W 10-40 Good H S No No - Bradwell CH Chaplin O.B GF gvSL-gvLS R 8-15 Poor H S-M No Yes - gravelly subsoil may in crease gavel content on surface CNN Coronation O.DB GL L-SiCL W-MW 15-28 Good M S-M No No --- saCNN saline saO.DB GL L-SiCL W-MW 20-25 Good M S No No - saline and sodic subsoil may Coronation hinder revegetation efforts scCNN Coronation O.DB GL L-SiCL W-MW 18-25 Good M S No No - significantly higher salt content with saline in lower subsoil lower subsoil CT Cathkin saR.G F or GF SL P 18-22 Poor H S No Yes - strongly saline to surface which may hinder revegetation efforts DCY Dolcy O.DB GF/T SL/L-CL W 15-40 Good H S-M-H No Yes -
3-7 scDCY Dolcy with O.DB GF/T SL/L-CL W 15 Good H S No No - significantly higher salts in lower saline lower subsoils
subsoil - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till DS Dune Sand O.R E S R 0-10 Variable H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to re- establish vegetation DSJ Desjarlais R.G GF LS P 10-25 Good H S No Yes - EW Elstow O.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 10-25 Good M S No No - saEW saline Elstow saO.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 12-30 Good M S No No - saline subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts scEW Elstow with O.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 11-17 Good M S No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower may hinder revegetation efforts subsoil FK Flat Lake saR.G GL or T SiL-CL P 0-18 Good M S Yes No - saline and sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts GR Grill Lake saR.G GL C P 0-25 Poor S S Yes No - strongly saline to surface which may hinder revegetation efforts GY Gilroy B.SZ GL L MW 24 Poor M S No No - saline and sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts shGY shallow Gilroy B.SZ GL/T L/L-CL MW 12 Poor M S No No - saline and sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts HGT Haight O.HG T or GL L-CL P 20-55 Good S S Yes Y es - HND Hugenden O.DB T L-CL W-MW 5-30 Good M S-M-H No No - scHND Hughenden O.DB T L-CL MW 12 Good M S No No - significantly higher salt content with saline in lower subsoils lower subsoil HR Haverhill O.B T L W 10-20 Poor M S-M No No - HT Hatton O.B GF SL-LS W-R 15-32 Poor H S No Yes - shHT shallow O.B GF/T SL-LS/L W-R 15 Poor H S No Yes - Hatton
TABLE 3.3 Cont’d
Colour Erosion Hazards 5 Susceptible Differentiation Wind Water to Soil Susceptible to Soil Soil Parent Drainage Topsoil Depth Between Topsoil Compaction Trench 1 2 3 4 Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Texture Class Class Range (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns HYL Hairy Hill saR.HG T or GL L-CL P 15-40 Good M S Yes Yes - strongly saline and sodic subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts KH Kettlehut B.SZ T CL MW-I 8-15 Poor M S No No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder revegetation efforts KN Kelstern B.SS GL SiL-SiCL MW-I 4-13 Poor M S No No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder revegetation efforts shKN shallow B.SS GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL MW-I 8-30 Poor M S No No - saline and sodic subsoils may Kelstern hinder revegetation efforts MET Metiskow O.DB GF SL W 10-55 Good H S-M No Yes - scMET Metiskow with O.DB GF SL W 20 Good H S-M No Yes - saline lower subsoil may hinder saline lower revegetation efforts subsoil PRO Provost O.DB GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 13-22 Good M S No No - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till saPRO saline Provost saO.DB GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 12 Good M M No No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder revegetation efforts scPRO Provost with O.DB GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 13-15 Good M S No No - significantly higher salt content saline lower in lower subsoil subsoil saRA saline Regina saCAR.DB GL HC-C MW 10-30 Poor M-H S-M-H Yes No - saline subsoil may hinder revegetation efforts scRA Regina with CAR.DB GL HC-C MW 13-22 Poor M-H S-M-H Yes No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil 3-8 SCD Scollard O.DB GF gvSL R 14-22 Good H S-M No Yes - gravelly subsoil may increase
gravel content on surface ST Scott O.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L W 5-33 Fair M S No No - saST saline Scott saO.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 11-17 Good M S No No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder revegetation efforts scST Scott with O.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 10-18 Good M S No No - significantly higher salt content saline lower in lower subsoil subsoil WR Weyburn O.DB T L-CL W 10-18 Good M S-M No No --- scWR Weyburn with O.DB T L-CL W-MW 10-15 Good M S No No - significantly higher salt content saline lower in lower subsoil subsoil VA Valor O.B GL/T SiL-SiCL/L W 13-15 Poor M S No No - saWR saline saO.DB T L W 28 Good M S-M No No - saline subsoils may hinder Weyburn revegetation efforts WWT Wainwright O.DB GF or E LS R 5-65 Good H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to reestablish vegetation
TABLE 3.3 Cont’d
2 Soil Classification: 1 Parent Material Texture Class: 3 Drainage Class: 4 sa - saline O.R - Orthic Regosol E - eolian C - Clay R - Rapidly sc - saline lower subsoil R.DB - Rego Dark Brown F - fluvial CL - Clay Loam W - Well sh - shallow R.G - Rego Gleysol GF - glaciofluvial HC - Heavy Clay MW - Moderately Well O.HG - Orthic Humic Gleysol GL - glaciolacustrine L - Loam I - Imperfectly B.SS - Brown Solodized Solonetz R.HG - Rego Humic Gleysol T - till SiL - Silt Loam P - Poorly
B.SZ - Brown Solonetz O.BL - Orthic Black SiCL - Silty Clay Loam CAR.DB - Calcareous Rego Dark Brown SL - Sandy Loam O.B. - Orthic Brown LS - Loamy Sand Erosion Hazards: 5 O.DB - Orthic Dark Brown S - Sand S - Slight c - coarse M - Moderate f - fine H - High gv - gravelly
Sources: Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. 1999
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TABLE 3.4
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT WITH SOILS RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING AGRICULTURE
Location (KP) Class Limitations 178.6 to 179.6 3 Adverse topography 179.6 to 180.3 3 Adverse soil characteristics 180.3 to 182.3 3, 6 Adverse topography and excess water 184.1 to 187.1 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 187.1 to 190.6 3 Adverse soil characteristics 202.6 to 204.3 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 206.3 to 212.4 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 217.6 to 218.6 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 238.6 to 242.4 3 Adverse soil characteristics 244.9 to 246.3 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 246.8 to 250 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 253.1 to 256.6 3 Adverse soil characteristics 256.6 to 260.3 2, 6 Adverse climate and excess water 260.3 to 261 3, 7 Adverse topography and excess water 261 to 267.4 2, 6 Adverse climate and excess water 267.4 to 270.7 3, 6 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 280 to 282.6 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography, excess water 282.6 to 284.3 3 Adverse soil characteristics 284.3 to 286.6 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography, excess water 286.6 to 291.4 3 Adverse soil characteristics 291.4 to 292 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 292 to 293.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 293.5 to 300.4 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 300.4 to 302 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography excess water 302 to 305 3 Adverse soil characteristics 305 to 305.1 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography, excess water 305.1 to 324.6 3 Adverse soil characteristics 339 to 343.45 3 Adverse soil characteristics
Notes: Class 2 = Soils that have moderate limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 3 = Soils that have moderately severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 5 = Soils that have very severe limitations that restrict their capability to produce perennial forage crops and improvement practices. Class 6 = Soils that are capable only of producing perennial forage crops, and improvement practices are not feasible. Class 7 = Soils that have no capability for arable cultivation or permanent pasture.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1968a, 1970a,g
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Alberta Hail and Crop Insurance Corporation (1980) and Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) have rated the soils along the route from Hardisty to the Kerrobert Station in relation to the productivity of the best provincial soils (Table 3.5). Within each province, a Class A soil is considered to be the highest productive soil with each following class representing slightly less productive soils than the previous class. The productivity rating incorporates numerous land productivity concepts including climate, soil association, soil profile, soil texture, organic matter, salinity, topography and erosion.
TABLE 3.5
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS ALONG THE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
(% as Productive as Best Location (KP) Soil Rating Provincial Soils) Municipal Government 175.5 to 275 (Classes C to F) <16 – 57% M.D. of Provost 275 to 289.7 (Classes G to D) < 24.9 – 59.9% R.M. of Eyehill 289.7 to 308.7 (Classes F to H) 50 – 64.9% R.M. of Heart’s Hill 308.7 to 344.5 (Classes F to O) 25 – 64.9% R.M. of Progress 344.5 to 348.8 (Classes K to L) 35 – 44.9% R.M. of Mariposa 348.8 to 351.3 (Classes L to O) 25 – 39.9% R.M. of Oakdale
Sources: Alberta Hail and Crop Insurance Corporation 1980 Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation 1997
Three areas traversed by the pipeline route are subject to reservations regarding erosion hazards. Two Protective Notations (PNT 780915 and PNT 780363) for erosion hazard are located at NE 24-48-8 W4M (KP 195.8 to KP 196.8) and SW 19-41-7 W4M (KP 196.8 to KP 197.7) respectively and are administered by Public Lands, Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development in Wainwright (Alberta Energy 1999). Public Lands in Wainwright also administers lands associated with a Protective Notation (PNT 731909) for wind erosion hazard in NE 18-40-5 W4M (KP 220.6 to KP 220.7).
3.3 Hydrology and Fish
This subsection identifies the watercourses traversed by the route, the typical flows likely to occur throughout the year, and the fish found in the watercourses in order to determine any timing constraints for instream activity.
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Surface water runoff from lands along the pipeline rights-of-way between Hardisty and Kerrobert drains into the North Saskatchewan drainage basin. Watercourses crossed by the pipeline are shown on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Historical streamflow information is available for the two watercourses along the pipeline route (Table 3.6). Detailed historical streamflow information for each of these watercourses is graphically presented in Appendix A.
TABLE 3.6
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW SUMMARIES FOR WATERCOURSES CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Approx. Mean Highest Lowest Distance Annual Mean Mean Gauging from Flow Month Month KP Watercourse Station Crossing (m 3/s) (m 3/s) (m 3/s) 213.8 Ribstone Creek NW 36-40-6 W4M 4 km 0.513 April October Near Czar downstream (0.608) (0.008) 272 Eye Hill Creek SW 2-39-28 W3M 15 km 0.090 May October Near Macklin downstream (0.402) (0.009)
Source: Environment Canada 1994
Navigable waters along the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert could include Eyehill Creek. This creek may have hydrological conditions suitable for recreational use during spring runoff or after high precipitation events. Ducks Unlimited Canada has a waterfowl habitat enhancement structure approximately 500 m downstream of the Enbridge crossing of Eyehill Creek (Shewchuk pers. comm.). Although some recreational use may occur, Ribstone Creek is not likely to be used for recreational boating and, therefore, is not likely to be deemed navigable.
Surface Water Quality Surface water quality information for various inorganic, organic, physical and microbiological parameters is not available for any watercourses along the pipeline route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station (Trew pers. comm.). However, extensive industrial and municipal inputs in the Edmonton area to the North Saskatchewan River watershed have negatively affected the surface water quality (fair to poor) within the watershed (Golder Associates Ltd. 1997).
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Groundwater The groundwater quality within the vicinity of the pipeline route within Alberta is not exceptionally good with respect to potability (Hackbarth 1975). Most analyses have total dissolved solids, sulfate, alkalinity and sodium in excess of provincial standards and nitrate pollution is a problem in localized areas.
Groundwater quality is variable in Saskatchewan due to the development of local flow systems from the knob and kettle topography and variations in the geologic material through which the water flows (Freeze 1969a). However, the semi-arid climate associated with southern Saskatchewan seems to have the strongest influence on groundwater chemistry (Freeze 1969b). Low rainfall and high evapotranspiration tend to concentrate the salts in the soil and soil water. These minerals are leached into the groundwater during rain events (Freeze 1969a).
Fish This subsection provides a summary of the fish species found in the watercourses crossed along the route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station. Determining fish species present within the streams and rivers is critical to the development of appropriate mitigative measures for instream construction.
A fish habitat assessment was conducted for Ribstone Creek by Environmental Management Associates (1993) and was previously submitted to the NEB. At the pipeline crossing, Ribstone Creek lacks a distinct channel and the area is used for hay production. Although northern pike and white sucker have been reported within the Ribstone Creek watershed, the presence of weirs downstream of the pipeline crossing and shallow waters would make the area of the crossing inaccessible to fish.
A fisheries assessment of Eyehill Creek was conducted by R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. (1998a). Fish species that have the potential to occur in Eyehill Creek include white sucker, fathead minnow, northern pike, brook stickleback, American smelt and lake whitefish. No fish were recorded at the crossing of Eyehill Creek during the assessment; the overall quality of fish habitat at the crossing was rated as nil to poor; and highly sensitive fish habitats were not identified within the zone of influence of the pipeline crossing. No instream timing constraints apply to this watercourse (Wingert pers. comm.).
3.4 Vegetation
This subsection describes the vegetation and ecoregions encountered along the route from Hardisty to Kerrobert. In addition, any rare plants potentially occurring along the route
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are identified. The potential for grass and bush fires along the pipeline route between Hardisty and Kerrobert is dependent upon moisture and temperature and therefore, the fire hazard varies from year to year.
The portion of the route from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses the Central Parkland Natural Subregion from KP 175.4 to approximately KP 275 (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a), the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion from approximately KP 275 to KP 323, and the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion from approximately KP 323 to KP 351.3 (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
Although typical native vegetation within the Central Parkland Natural Subregion consists of grassland with groves of aspen, most of the route has been cleared for agricultural purposes. Two major forest types recognized in this subregion are aspen and balsam poplar. Understory species associated with aspen stands include snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, choke cherry, bunchberry, wild lily-of-the-valley and false melic grass. Understory species associated with balsam poplar stands include red oiser dogwood, pussy willow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bracted honeysuckle, bluebells, palmate-leaved coltsfoot, mitrewort and baneberry. Species common to both types of stands include woods rose, low-bush cranberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle, sarsaparilla, bearded wheat grass, fairy bells, pink wintergreen, Lindley’s aster, cream-coloured peavine, American vetch and star-flowered Solomon’s seal. The grassland component of the subregion consists of rough fescue, western porcupine grass, june grass and western wheatgrass.
East of the Saskatchewan/Alberta border, the pipeline traverses the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion is also used for agriculture, so native vegetation is confined to non-arable pasturelands. Typical native vegetation consists of speargrass and wheatgrass, as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire, and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
The easternmost end of the pipeline from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion, which is a more arid neighbour of the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion. As the name implies, grasses are the predominant native vegetation of the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion, particularly speargrass, wheatgrass, and blue grama, often in association with june grass and dryland sedge. Many shrubs and herbs can occur with sagebrush being the most common. Moister sites in river valleys and sandhills support scrubby aspen, willow, cottonwood and box-elder while yellow cactus and prickly pear can
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be found on the driest sites of Mixed Grassland. Like the Moist Mixed Grassland, local saline soils typically support alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire, and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
Weed control on agricultural land is of concern to farmers and local government agencies. Weed species of concern in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert include an area of leafy spurge at KP 182.3 (Forbes pers. comm., TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1999a). Other weeds along this portion of the route include dandelion, stinkweed and flixweed.
A rare plant survey was conducted in 1993 along the north side of the existing Enbridge right-of-way, from the Hardisty Terminal to Metiskow Station (approximately KP 229), while the south side of the existing right-of-way was surveyed from Metiskow Station to Kerrobert Station (Wilkinson et al. 1993). Two plant species of concern were identified between KP 181.7 and KP 183.6, namely silverleaf psoralea ( Psoralea agrophylla) (presently downlisted) and lance-leaved loosestrife ( Lysimachia lanceolata spp. hybrida) (S2). Sand nut-grass (Cyperus schweinitzii) (S2) was recorded between KP 196.7 and KP 197.8, while Nevada bulrush (Scirpus nevadensis) (presently downlisted) was observed near KP 220.5. No rare plants were identified along selected portions of the existing pipeline right-of-way between the Hardisty Terminal and Kerrobert Station during the surveys conducted in 1996 for System Expansion Program - Phase II (Wilkinson 1996). However, an occurrence of low townsendia ( Townsendia exscapa ) (S1S2) has been recorded within 1400 m of the right-of-way near Hughenden, Alberta (Rintoul pers. comm.). Rare plant surveys for Terrace Phase II in June 1999 identified thirteen species along the south side of the right-of-way (Table 3.7).
Vascular plant species with special conservation status within the Aspen Parkland, Moist Mixed and Mixed Grassland ecoregions, as defined by the Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre and the Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre, their habitat, as well as federal and provincial status are listed in Appendix B.
3.5 Wildlife
This subsection identifies the wildlife habitats that will be traversed by the pipeline route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station. Table 3.8 identifies Wildlife Key Areas and Critical Wildlife Habitat crossed by the pipeline route (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1985, Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1978, 1980a).
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TABLE 3.7
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IDENTIFIED ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Species Common Name Status KP 176.15 Lycopus americanus American water-horehound S2 AB KP 177.6 Panicum wilcoxianum sand millet S1 AB KP 177.7 Asclepias ovalifolia low milkweed S3W AB KP 193.0 Quercus macrocarpa bur oak S1? AB KP 197.9 to KP 198.1 Hypericum majus large Canada St. John’s wort S2 AB KP 236.5 Astragalus lotiflorus low milk vetch S2 AB KP 272.8 to KP 272.9 Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem S3W AB var scoparium KP 273.1 Orobanche ludoviciana Louisiana broom-rape S2 AB KP 274.2 Orobanche ludoviciana Louisiana broom-rape S2 AB KP 324.7 Myosurus aristatus awned or mountain mousetail S2 SK KP 326.3 Plantago elongata narrow-leaved plantain S2S3 SK KP 326.6 to KP 326.8 Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster S3 SK KP 330.1 to KP 330.4 Plantago elongata narrow-leaved plantain S2S3 SK KP 330.9 to KP 331.0 Myosurus aristatus awned or mountain mousetail S2 SK Myosurus minimus least mousetail S2S3 SK Plantago elongata narrow-leaved plantain S2S3 SK KP 331.15 Myosurus minimus least mousetail S2S3 SK KP 331.2 Ranunculus cardiophyllus heart-leaved buttercup S1S2 SK Note: 1. Provincial (S) ratings range form 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). S_W = watch species; species that have restricted distributions in Alberta but are common within their range ? = not yet ranked AB = Alberta Status SK = Saskatchewan Status
Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1999a
TABLE 3.8
CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Environmental Concern 212.4 to 213.4 active sharp-tailed grouse dancing ground 217.8 to 229.6 white-tailed deer wildlife key area 225 to 226 active sharp-tailed grouse dancing ground 225.3 to 226.0 active sharp-tailed grouse dancing ground 226.6 to 227.5 active sharp-tailed grouse dancing ground 324.8 to 326 sharp-tailed grouse critical wildlife habitat 328.2 to 331.3 sharp-tailed grouse critical wildlife habitat 331.5 to 333.1 sharp-tailed grouse critical wildlife habitat
Sources: Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1985, Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1978, 1980a
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Species with special conservation status ranges in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert are listed in Appendix C. Wildlife surveys conducted in 1994 and 1996 along the route identified high potential for eastern bluebird nesting in the vicinity of the route near KP 187.1 (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994b, 1996b). However, no site-specific habitat for wildlife species with special conservation status was encountered along the route during these surveys. The results of 1999 wildlife surveys are described in Table 3.9. In addition, no element occurrences have been recorded by either the Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre or the Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre along the route (Rintoul pers. comm.). Historical records indicate Migratory bird concentration sites in the vicinity of the pipeline route from KP 290.2 to KP 290.3 and KP 237.5 to KP 329.3 (Keith pers. comm.)
TABLE 3.9
SUMMARY OF WILDLIFE SURVEY RESULTS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Location (KP) Legal Location Species 199.3 to 199.5 NW 17-41-7 W4M Canadian toad 234.9 NE 28-39-4 W4M red-tailed hawk nest 236.4 SE 27-39-4 W4M red-tailed hawk nest 237.7 NW 23-39-4 W4M Canadian toad 271.4 NW 35-37-1 W4M red fox den 273.3 SW 36-37-1 W4M red-tailed hawk nest 293.7 NE 27-36-27 W3M loggerhead shrike nest 301.1 to 301.3 SE 17-36-26 W3M eared grebe colony 326.2 SW 10-35-24 W3M coyote den 325.2 SE 9-35-24 W3M burrowing owl nest burrow
TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1999b
Although the pipeline route encounters Crown land with provincially registered wildlife registrations in NW and NE 25-37-29 W3M (KP 274.9 to KP 275.1), it is not designated under the Wildlife Habitat Protection Act (Statutes of Saskatchewan 1996, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1999). The pipeline does not traverse any Fish and Wildlife Development Fund Wildlife lands, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation lands or Habitat Trust Fund lands (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.).
Ungulates Lands along the pipeline route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station provide fair to good habitat for ungulates. White-tailed deer are the most common big game species found along the route. On native prairie along the route in eastern Alberta and western Saskatchewan, pronghorn antelope are common. Mule deer are found in areas of native vegetation with suitable escape terrain.
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Lands along the pipeline route that have been rated as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates are presented in Table 3.10. A brief description of the land capability ratings for ungulates is provided below while the Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all of Canada Land Inventory ratings regarding ungulate production along the Hardisty to Kerrobert pipeline route.
The Canada Land Inventory (1970c, 1974a) has rated the lands traversed by the route from Hardisty Terminal KP 175.5 to approximately KP 278, west of Cosine Lake, as generally having slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates. Small portions of this route segment have been rated as ranging from having very slight (Class 2) to moderate (Class 4) limitations to ungulate production. Limiting factors include adverse topography, aridity and poor soil moisture. The Ribstone Creek area (KP 213 to KP 216) has moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of ungulates mainly because of poor soil moisture.
Lands along the remainder of the route from KP 278 to KP 351.3 have been rated as ranging from having moderate (Class 4) limitations to ungulate production to having such severe (Class 7) limitations that there is no ungulate production (Canada Land Inventory 1971b, 1974a). Aridity, adverse soil characteristics, inundation and poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat are factors affecting ungulate production in the area.
TABLE 3.10
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF UNGULATES
Location (KP) Class Limitations 175.5 to 180.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 180.8 to 183.3 2 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 183.3 to 196.6 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 197.1 to 204.8 2 Poor soil moisture 204.8 to 207.1 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 207.1 to 208 2 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 208 to 212.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 212.8 to 213.5 2 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 214.9 to 215.3 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 216.3 to 222.7 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 225.1 to 227.3 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 230.9 to 233.9 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 234.3 to 240.1 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 240.1 to 246.2 2 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 246.2 to 271.6 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity 272.7 to 278 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography and aridity Notes: Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970c, 1971b, 1974a
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Birds Lands along the pipeline route that have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to waterfowl production are presented in Table 3.11. A brief description of the land capability for waterfowl is provided below while the Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all the Canada Land Inventory waterfowl habitat ratings along the route from Hardisty to Kerrobert.
TABLE 3.11
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF WATERFOWL
Location (KP) Class Limitations 182.4 to 184 1 None 199 to 213.7 3 Topography limits the development of wetlands and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins. 213.7 to 215.1 2 Reduced marsh edge and excessive water level fluctuation. 215.1 to 223 3 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands. 224.1 to 227.8 3 Topography limits the development of wetlands, fertility limits plant growth and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins. 227.8 to 231 3 Topography limits the development of wetlands and there is poor soil moisture. 231 to 238.8 3 Topography limits the development of wetlands, fertility limits plant growth and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins. 238.8 to 242.5 1 None 242.5 to 243 3 Adverse soil and water characteristics. 243 to 245.7 1 None 245.7 to 247.1 3 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands. 247.1 to 258.3 2 Topography limits the development of wetlands and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins. 258.3 to 270.6 1 None 272.5 to 275.6 2 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands. 278.5 to 279.2 3 Poor soil moisture. 296.1 to 298.1 2 Aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes. 326.9 to 327.2 3S Adverse water depth and reduced marsh edge. 327.5 to 328.2 3S Adverse water depth and reduced marsh edge.
Notes: Class 1 - Lands that have no significant limitations to the production of waterfowl Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. S - Areas that serve as migration stops.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970f, 1972b, 1973c
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Most of the lands crossed by the route in Alberta have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970f) as ranging from having no significant (Class 1) limitations to having moderate (Class 4) limitations to the production of waterfowl. Lands in the vicinity of the Battle River (KP 176 to KP 179), the town of Amisk (KP 192 to KP 199) and Eyehill Creek (KP 217.5 to KP 273) have been rated as having severe (Class 6) limitations to waterfowl production (Canada Land Inventory 1970f). The limitations are due primarily to adverse topography, the poor water-holding capacity of soils and a poor distribution of marshes or basins.
From the Saskatchewan border to Kerrobert Station (KP 275 to KP 351.3), lands along the route have generally been rated as ranging from having moderate (Class 4) to very severe (Class 7) limitations to waterfowl production (Canada Land Inventory 1970f, 1972b, 1973c). In the Shallow Lake area (KP 326 to KP 328), the land has slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of waterfowl.
The pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert does not cross any Ducks Unlimited Canada habitat enhancement projects (Chappell, Shewchuk pers. comm.). However, a Ducks Unlimited Canada waterfowl habitat enhancement water control structure is located approximately 500 m downstream of the Eyehill Creek crossing (Shewchuk pers. comm.).
The pipeline from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses several migratory bird habitat subregions as defined by Poston et al. (1990). These subregions are landscape divisions based primarily on soils, however, are also distinct on the basis of elevation, relief, landform, drainage and general substrate. The subregions contain habitat of varying significance for migratory birds which are listed in Table 3.12.
3.6 Zoning, Land and Resource Use
This subsection identifies the administrative districts as well as land and natural resource uses traversed by the route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station.
The route from Hardisty to Kerrobert does not traverse any Indian Reserves, Metis Settlements, tree nurseries, sod farms, existing or proposed provincial or regional parks or lands under Parks Canada’s jurisdiction, recreation areas, Ecological Reserves, Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs) (Alberta Environmental Protection 1997), Canadian Heritage Rivers (Alberta Environmental Protection 1996), Buck for Wildlife sites (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994b), Representative Areas Network sites, International Biological Program sites, refuges, historical sites or other lands with special conservation designations (Bowes pers. comm.).
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TABLE 3.12
SIGNIFICANT MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT SUBREGIONS THAT ARE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Significance KP (approx.) Habitat Subregion (National, Regional or Local) 175 to 192 Battle River Upland National – breeding ducks No. 4.08 Regional – staging ducks (Bellshill Lake) and geese 192 to 230 Ribstone Plain No. 4.10 Local – staging geese (Sounding Lake, Shorncliffe Lake) and breeding ducks Regional – breeding whooping crane and staging shorebirds National – staging shorebirds (Sounding Lake) 230 to 296 Provost Upland Regional – breeding and staging ducks, staging geese and No. 4.12 shorebirds (Gillespie Lake Area) Local – staging ducks and geese, breeding ferruginous hawks National – staging geese 296 to 330 Trampling Lake Plain Local – moulting and staging ducks, staging geese, breeding No. 2.69 piping plover and ferruginous hawk Regional – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds 330 to 351.3 Sibbald Plain No. 2.34 Local – moulting ducks, staging geese, breeding piping plover, ferruginous hawk and burrowing owl. Provincial – staging ducks National – staging ducks and geese Note: * While the pipeline route traverses the habitat subregion, it may not traverse any site-specific areas providing the significance as noted. Source: Poston et al. 1990
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Municipal Jurisdiction and Zoning The land ownership and municipalities are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Most of the lands traversed by the pipeline route between Hardisty and Kerrobert are patented. Table 3.13 lists the Crown lands encountered along the pipeline route. The pipeline crosses one municipal district in Alberta and five rural municipalities in Saskatchewan. The location and land use zoning along the route within these municipalities are identified in Table 3.14.
TABLE 3.13
CROWN LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Legal Alberta 182.1 to 183.6 NW and NE 11-42-9 W4M 185.4 to 186.3 NW 6-42-8 W4M 195.8 to 197.7 NE 24-41-8 W4M SW 19-41-7 W4M 220.6 to 220.7 NE 18-40-5 W4M 224.2 to 225.2 NW 10-40-5 W4M Saskatchewan 274.9 to 275.1 NW and NE 25-37-29 W3M 292 to 293 SE 34-36-27 W3M
TABLE 3.14
MUNICIPAL JURISDICTION AND LAND USE ZONING ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Municipal Authority Zoning 175.5 to 275 M.D. of Provost No. 52 Agricultural KP 195 to KP 200.1 KP 202.2 to KP 275 Urban Fringe KP 191.1 to KP 195 (Amisk) KP 200.1 to KP 202.2 (Hughenden) 1 275 to 289.7 R.M. of Eyehill No. 382 Not Applicable2 289.7 to 308.7 R.M. of Heart’s Hill No. 352 Not Applicable 3 308.7 to 344.5 R.M. of Progress No. 351 Not Applicable 4 344.5 to 348.8 R.M. of Mariposa No. 350 Not Applicable 2 348.8 to 351.3 R.M. of Oakdale No. 320 Not Applicable 2
Sources: 1. Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and Palliser Regional Municipal Services (1997) 2. TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. (1993) 3. Ginault pers. comm. 4. Trew pers. comm.
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Land Use Land use along the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert consists of approximately 61.3% cultivated land, 13% bush-pasture, 10.2% pasture, 8.8% native prairie, 6% hay land, with the remaining 0.7% other miscellaneous uses such as industrial use and golf course (Pedocan Land Evaluation 1993, 1994a). In addition, numerous shelterbelts and hedgerows are encountered along the pipeline route.
Agriculture is the dominant land use along the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert. Commonly grown crops along the route include wheat, oats and barley (Forbes pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses five grazing leases as well as the Progress Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) community pasture from KP 324.5 to KP 332.2. Grazing leases along the route are presented in Table 3.15.
TABLE 3.15
GRAZING LEASES ALONG THE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Number Legal Lessee 182.2 to 183.6 GRL 34882 NW and NE 11-42-9 W4M Kevin Clifford Whitehead, Hardisty 195.8 to 196.8 GRL 38589 NE 24-41-8 W4M Raymond Kyle, Amisk 196.8 to 197.7 GRL 36095 SW 19-41-8 WW4M Rick Johnson, Plamondon 220.6 to 220.7 GRL 32497 NE 18-40-5 W4M Lazy He Ranch Ltd., Czar 224.2 to 225.2 GRL 35169 NW 10-40-5 W4M Loyal John Sannachan, Metiskow
Source: Alberta Energy 1999
Industrial and Natural Resource Use The only licensed water user registered at or within 10 km downstream of the Eyehill Creek crossing (KP 272) is the Rural Municipality of Eye Hill No. 382 at NW 33-38- 28 W3M. Both the Town of Macklin and the Village of Evesham are also involved with the Macklin Lake water storage project (part of the Eyehill Creek system) which allows the Macklin Regional Park to use the water for irrigation of its golf course (Leniuk pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses several areas with aggregate potential. The location and potential of aggregate resources along the route are listed in Table 3.16. However, the pipeline route does not interfere with any existing or proposed provincial aggregate reserves or gravel pits (Kolkman, Kaschel pers. comm.).
The pipeline route in Alberta does not traverse any existing or abandoned coal mines (Energy Resources Conservation Board 1988).
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TABLE 3.16
AGGREGATE RESOURCES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT KP Resource Potential 275 to 282.6 Mixed sand and gravel Low 326 to 339.3 Sand with isolated gravel pockets High 347.3 to 351.3 Sand with isolated gravel pockets High Sources: Saskatchewan Research Council 1986a, 1987a
Outdoor Activities Recreational opportunities along the route from the Hardisty Terminal to Kerrobert Station are limited and lands along most of the route have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972c, 1973b,d) as ranging from having moderately low (Class 5) to low (Class 6) capability for recreation. Lands along the route in the vicinity of Shallow Lakes (KP 325.5 to KP 331) have been rated as having moderate (Class 4) capability for outdoor recreation. Recreational opportunities include viewing upland wildlife, hiking, nature study, aesthetic appreciation of the area or viewing areas with landscape patterns of agricultural, industrial or social interest. In addition, lands adjacent to the lakes provide opportunities for viewing wetland wildlife.
From KP 341.7 to KP 341.9 the pipeline route traverses the Kerrobert Golf Course.
The route from Hardisty to Kerrobert traverses three Wildlife Management Units (WMU) in Alberta and two Wildlife Management Zones (WMZ) in Saskatchewan (Alberta Environmental Protection 1998a, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a). Table 3.17 lists the location of WMUs and WMZs along the route. The hunting seasons for the lands along the route are listed in Table 3.18.
TABLE 3.17
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT UNITS/ZONES TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT KP WMU/WMZ* ALBERTA (Parkland Region) 175.5 to 196.5 202 196.5 to 209.4 232 209.4 to 209.7 202 209.7 to 275 200 SASKATCHEWAN (Southern Region) 275 to 343.4 26 343.4 to 351.3 27 Notes: * WMU = Wildlife Management Unit (Alberta) WMZ = Wildlife Management Zone (Saskatchewan) Sources: Alberta Environmental Protection 1999a, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a
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TABLE 3.18
HUNTING SEASONS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Season Species Type Archery Only General WMU/WMZ* ALBERTA (Parkland Region) White-tailed Deer Antlered S8 - O31 N1 - N30 200, 202, 232 Antlerless S8 - O31 N1 - N30 200, 202, 232 Mule Deer Antlered S8 - O31 •N1 - N30 200, 202, 232 Antlerless S8 - O31 •N1 - N30 200, 202, 232 Moose Antlered and •S8 - O31 •N1 - N30 200, 202, 232 Antlerless Black Bear Fall 1999 S8 - N30 200, 202, 232 Spring 2000 Ap 1 - Ma 31 200, 202, 232 Male Pheasants N/A O15 - N15 200, 202, 232 Gray Partridge and Ruffed and N/A S15 - N30 200, 202, 232 Spruce Grouse Sharp-tailed Grouse N/A O1 - O31 200, 202, 232 Ducks, Coots, Common Snipe, N/A S1 - D16 200, 202, 232 White-fronted, Canada, Snow and Ross’ Geese SASKATCHEWAN (Southern Region) White-tailed Deer Trophy S1 - S25 N17 - D6 (Rifle) 26, 27 S29 - O25 (Muzzle-loader) Mule Deer S1 - O11 N/A 26, 27 Sharp-tailed Grouse N/A S8 - N8 26, 27 Ruffed and Spruce Grouse and N/A S8 - N8 26, 27 Hungarian Partridge Pheasants N/A O6 - N8 26, 27 Hungarian Partridge, Pheasant - N/A D1 - D20 26, 27 Saskatchewan Resident Late Season Ducks, Coots and Snipe N/A S8 - D20 26, 27 Geese - all except White-fronted N/A S1- D13 26, 27 Geese, Saskatchewan Residents White-fronted Geese, N/A S8 - D13 26, 27 Saskatchewan Residents All Geese, Non-Residents N/A S15 - D13 26, 27 Sandhill Cranes N/A S1 -S30 26, 27
Notes: *See Table 3.17 for WMUs and WMZs by KP along the pipeline route WMU = Wildlife Management Unit (Alberta) WMZ = Wildlife Management Zone (Saskatchewan) S= September, O= October, N= November, D= December, Ap = April, Ma = May
• Indicated seasons that apply only to hunters with applicable special licenses.
Sources: Alberta Environmental Protection 1999a, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a
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In Alberta, the pipeline route lies within the Parkland Prairie Zone 2, Watershed Unit PP2 (Alberta Environmental Protection 1999b). Streams near the pipeline route are open to fishing year round. The remainder of the route lies within the Southern Management Zone. All watercourses in the vicinity of the pipeline route are open to sport fishing from early May to the end of March (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999b).
Within Alberta, the pipeline route does not traverse any registered trapping areas (Alberta Energy 1999). However, Table 3.19 describes the outfitters/guides licensed to hunt in the vicinity of the pipeline route. Trappers and guides within Saskatchewan are not assigned geographical areas. The route traverses lands open to trapping and guiding by permission of the landowner (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a).
3.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics
The following subsection describes the socio-economic factors of select communities located near the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert. Recent statistics for each community, have been provided by Alberta Motor Association (1999), Alberta First Com. Ltd. (1999) as well as Saskatchewan Rural Development (1989, 1990, 1992) and Tourism Saskatchewan (1999) and Saskatchewan TourNet (1999) and are listed in Table 3.20.
The Hardisty to Kerrobert segment of the Enbridge right-of-way begins 4.0 km south of the Town of Hardisty at approximately KP 175.5. The town is located in the Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and has a population of 808 (Alberta Motor Association 1999). Access to Hardisty is by Highway 13 and Secondary Highway 881, and the town is served by Canadian Pacific Railway. The Hardisty railway station is the only station open from Edmonton to Wilkie, Saskatchewan. Hardisty also has a paved and lit 914 m long runway at the local airport. The major economic base is oil and gas, agriculture and tourism.
The Village of Amisk is located 0.6 km northeast of the route at the junction of highways 13 and 884. The village is located in the Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and has a population of 214 (Alberta Motor Association 1999). Amisk is served by a Canadian Pacific Railway secondary main line. The village’s economic base is defined by agriculture and oil and gas exploration.
The Village of Hughenden is located in the Municipal District of Provost No. 52, 1.6 km south of the route at approximately KP 201. The village is accessed by Highway 13 and Secondary Highway 603 as well as by a Canadian Pacific Railway secondary mainline. The village has a population of 302 (Alberta Motor Association 1999). The major economic base is agriculture and petroleum.
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TABLE 3.19
OUTFITTERS WITH ALLOCATIONS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO THE ALBERTA/SASKATCHEWAN BORDER
WMU Species Class Name 200 MD B/O McNalley, H. - Poplar Ridge Outfitters Inc. WD B/O R.R. #1 Cadogan, Alberta T0B 0T0 200 MD O McMahon, Lloyd - Great White Holdings Ltd. WD O P.O. Box 2065 232 WD O Lloydminster, Saskatchewan S9V 1R5 200 MD O Franklin, John - Lost Creek Outfitters. WD O 24 Upland Drive Brooks, Alberta T1R 0R22 200 WD O Gilbertson, Brian - Box 152 202 WD O Hughendon, Alberta T0B 2E0 MD O 232 WD O 202 MD B/O Frederick, Pat - Battle River Lodge WD O 4707 – 106A Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6A 1J3 202 MD B Bucks ‘N Bears Inc. - Bucks ‘N Bears Outfitters Inc. WD O 698 Meadowview Drive 232 MD O Sherwood Park, Alberta T8H 1G1 WD O 232 MD O Terry, Michael - Access Outfitters & Guide Service th WD O 3811 – 19 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6L 3C7 232 WD O Cumming, Robert D. - D & S Guiding MD O Box 447 Viking, Alberta T0B 4N0 202 WD B/O Golka, Mike Box 228 Hardisty, Alberta T0B 1V0 202 WD B Arnold, Howard RR#4 Mannville, Alberta T0B 2W0 232 WD O Hunter, Rod - Buckbrush Outfitters Box 3034 Vermilion, Alberta T9X 2B1 232 WD O Johnson, Neil - North Star Outfitting Box 501 Marwayne, Alberta T0B 0T0
Note: WMU = Wildlife Management Unit Species WD = White-tailed deer, MD = Mule deer Class B = Archery hunting, Class O =Archery/General hunting
Source: Alberta Professional Outfitters Society 1999
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TABLE 3.20
PROFILES OF COMMUNITIES NEAR THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Rail Service Schools Recreation Hotels/Motels Campgrounds Bus Courier Play- Field No. of Total Serviced COMMUNITY Population Airstrip CN CP Service Service Taxis Public Separate Clinics Hospitals Fire Police Ambulance Arena Curling grounds Baseball Sports Library Golf Pool No. rooms No. Sites Sites Restaurants Shopping Banks Hardisty 808 Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N 1 47 2 69 Y Y Y Y Amisk 214 N N Y Y Y N Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y N N N N N N N Y U Y Hughenden 302 N N Y Y Y N Y N N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y N N N 1 20 Y Y N Y Provost 1,904 Y N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 5 177+ 1 10 N Y U Y Macklin 1,281 Y N Y Y U U Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N 1 U 1 139 125 Y Y Y Denzil 194 N N Y Y U N Y N N N Y N N Y Y Y Y N Y N N 1 7 N N N Y U Y Luseland 622 Y N Y Y U N Y N N N Y Y U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y Kerrobert 1,251 Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 3 54 2 80 70 Y Y Y
Sources: Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989, 1992 Alberta Motor Association 1999 Alberta First Com. Ltd 1999 Tourism Saskatchewan 1999 Alberta Hotel Association 1998a, 1998b Saskatchewan TourNet 1999
Notes: Y = Yes
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The Town of Provost is situated near Fleeinghorse Lake in the Municipal District of Provost No. 52. The town is 6.3 km northeast of the route at approximately KP 248. Access to the town is via Highway 13 and Secondary Highway 899. Provost is served by the Canadian Pacific Railway secondary main line. The local airport has an 854 m long runway, however the nearest commercial and air freight services are at Lloydminster. The town has 1,904 inhabitants (Alberta Motor Association 1999). The economic base of Provost is agriculture and oil.
The Town of Macklin is located approximately 20 km northeast of the pipeline route in the Rural Municipality of Eye Hill No. 382. Macklin has a population of 1,281 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). The town is serviced by Provincial Highways 31 and 14, and is situated on the Canadian Pacific Railway line that connects Saskatoon and Edmonton. A local airstrip is located 1.6 km from the town and has a runway length of 763 m. Oil and gas and agriculture define the economic base of the town.
The community of Denzil, population 194, is located 15.7 km north of the pipeline route at approximately KP 300 in the Rural Municipality of Eye Hill No. 382 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Access to the community is by Highway 31 and by the Canadian Pacific Railway.
The Town of Luseland is situated 7.4 km northeast of the pipeline route at approximately KP 316. Luseland is located in the Rural Municipality of Progress No. 351 and has a population of 622 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Luseland is served by Highway 31 and a Canadian Pacific Railway freight line. The economic base is primarily the grain and mixed farming in the surrounding area. The local airstrip, which is 0.8 km from Luseland, has a 1,170 m paved runway.
Kerrobert, which has a population of 1,251, is situated 0.6 km northeast of the pipeline route at approximately KP 343 (Saskatchewan TourNet 1999). The town is located in the Rural Municipality of Progress No. 351 and can be accessed by Highways 21, 31 and 51. The town is serviced by Canadian Pacific Railway. A local airstrip is situated near the town. The major economic base is oil and gas and agriculture.
The pipeline route traverses numerous primary and secondary highways as well as both Canadian Pacific (CP) and Canadian National (CN) rail lines (Table 3.21). An extensive network of primary and secondary highway as well as local and municipal roads provides access throughout the rural areas. Commercial air passenger and air freight services are provided by a number of Canadian and US carriers at the Edmonton and Regina International Airports. The City of Lloydminster provides commercial air passenger and air freight services to Canadian Airlines carriers.
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TABLE 3.21
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
KP Primary Highway Secondary Highway Railway 193 --- Hwy. 503 --- 196.55 Hwy. 13 --- CP 209.3 Hwy. 13 ------211.4 Hwy. 41 ------247.87 ------CP 250.45 --- Hwy. 600 --- 256.2 --- Hwy. 899 --- 267.45 Hwy. 899 ------295.6 ------CN 337.7 ------CP 339.7 Hwy. 51 ------
3.8 Historical Resources
An Historical and Heritage Resources Impact Assessment was conducted along the pipeline route from Hardisty to Kerrobert in 1993 and 1999 as part of the Capacity Expansion Program and Terrace Phase II Expansion Program, respectively (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1993a,b, 1999).
Two major Borden Blocks (FO, EO) are traversed by the pipeline route. Previous heritage resource studies along the pipeline route have identified twenty-three heritage resource sites within or immediately adjacent to the Enbridge right-of-way between Hardisty and Kerrobert. These sites consist of both prehistoric and historic finds. Table 3.22 describes the archaeological sites that have been previously recorded within or adjacent to the right- of-way.
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TABLE 3.22
SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL RESOURCE SITES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Borden Geographical KP Number Site Type Site Context Site Visibility Setting 187.9 FdOs 1 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 193.0 FdOs H3 Church Undisturbed Surficial Feature Upland 194.4 FdOs 2 Campsite Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 198.0 FdOr 13 Artifact Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 203.1 FdOr H1 Homestead Undisturbed Surficial Feature Upland 206.9 FdOr 2 Artifact Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 208.2 FcOr 5 Artifact Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 211.1 FcOq 14 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Ribstone Creek 214.3 FcOq 15 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Ribstone Creek 216.1 FcOq 16 Stone Feature Undisturbed Surficial Feature Ribstone Creek 239.0 FcOl 10 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 245.2 FcOo 5 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 260.4 FbOn 1 Isolated Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 262.0 FbOn H1 Church Undisturbed Surficial Feature Upland 278.2 FbOl 2 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Cosine Lake 284.3 FbOl 3 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Cosine Lake 289.8 FaOk 5 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Cactus Lake 290.4 FaOk 6 Artifact Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Cactus Lake 291.9 FaOk 7 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Cactus Lake 311.4 FaOj 1 Artifact Scatter Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Upland 333.3 ElOh 18 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Zella Lake 342.8 ElOg 7 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Unnamed Lake 343.7 ElOg 2 Artifact Find Disturbed Fortuitous Exposure Unnamed Lake
Source: Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1993a,b, 1997a,b, 1999
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4.0 KERROBERT STATION TO REGINA TERMINAL
The following describes the environmental and socio-economic setting along the Enbridge right-of-way from the Kerrobert Station to the Regina Terminal. This segment of the Enbridge right-of-way was assessed in the Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment for the Terrace Phase I Expansion Program and submitted to the NEB in 1997. Kilometre post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along Enbridge’s existing right-of-way from the Kerrobert Station (KP 351.3) to the Regina Terminal (KP 704.2).
4.1 Physiography and Geology
Physiography Physiographic characteristics assist in the identification of topographic features and surficial deposits traversed by the pipeline route. Physiographic regions traversed by the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina are listed in Table 4.1. The pipeline route traverses two subdivisions of the Alberta Plains Physiographic Region and three subdivisions of the Saskatchewan Plains Physiographic Region.
Topography along much of the route is generally flat to undulating. Significant topographic features along the route include valleys associated with Eagle Creek, side coulees of the Eagle Creek valley, the South Saskatchewan River, Iskwao Creek, the Qu'Appelle River, Cottonwood Creek and Wascana Creek.
TABLE 4.1
PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Physiographic Region Subdivision 351.3 to 393 Alberta High Plains Snipe Lake Plain 393 to 480 Saskatchewan Plains Saskatchewan River Plain 480 to 491.5 Alberta High Plains Missouri Coteau 491.5 to 522 Saskatchewan Plains Saskatchewan River Plain 522 to 539 Saskatchewan Plains Hawarden Hills Upland 539 to 704.2 Saskatchewan Plains Assiniboine River Plain
Sources: Hart and Barber 1979, Flory 1980, Hart and Hunt 1981, Barber 1982
4-1
Bedrock Geology This subsection identifies the types of bedrock that may be encountered along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina and the likelihood of encounter, if known. Bedrock geology is the precursor to surficial deposits and soils and, consequently, has an influence on chemistry of the soil profile within trench depth.
The pipeline route is generally underlain by the Cretaceous aged Bearpaw Formation. This formation is encountered from Kerrobert Station to approximately KP 421, KP 473 to KP 611 and KP 615 to KP 704.2. These marine strata are grey silty clay and shale, locally concretionary and bentonitic with glauconitic sand tongues (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). In addition, the route crosses the Cretaceous aged Lea Park Formation and Upper Colorado Group, Judith River Formation and a small portion of undifferentiated strata of Tertiary age (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
The Lea Park Formation and Upper Colorado Group underlie a large meltwater channel (KP 466 to KP 468), which is currently occupied by Macdonald Creek. These marine strata are composed of grey shale with glauconite siltstone and include calcareous "First and Second White Speckled Shale" beds at base (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
The Judith River Formation is found on the slopes of a large meltwater channel (KP 463 to KP 466, KP 468 to KP 473) and from KP 611 to KP 615. The Judith River Formation is composed of grey nonmarine muddy sand interbedded with silt and clay, locally carbonaceous with thin coal beds and bentonitic zones (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The Tertiary aged undifferentiated strata, found from KP 421 to KP 463, are quartzite and chert gravel locally conglomeratic, sand and clayey silt. These strata are locally thought to be preglacial (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
The underlying bedrock formations will rarely be encountered within trench depth along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993).
Surficial Geology Soils are developed from surficial deposits. The characteristics of surficial deposits are related to potential concerns such as compaction and rutting, trench stability, erosion hazard and topography.
Surficial deposits of both glacial and post-glacial origin are present along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina. These surficial deposits, their depositional environment and the corresponding topographic expression are identified in Table 4.2.
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TABLE 4.2
PREDOMINANT SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND TOPOGRAPHY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Depositional KP (approx.) Surficial Deposit Environment Topography/Local Relief 351.3 to 364 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating topography 364 to 463 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit gently to moderately undulating topography 463 to 468 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating topography 468 to 479 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit gently to moderately undulating topography 479 to 481.5 glacial till stagnation moraine gently to moderately undulating topography 481.5 to 499.5 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating to rolling topography 499.5 to 501.5 glacial fluvial / ice-contact gently to moderately undulating lacustrine fluvial/lacustrine deposit topography 501.5 to 506 fluvial sand alluvial deposit moderately steep slopes, gently sloping bottomland 506 to 511 eolian sand eolian deposit gently undulating topography 511 to 517.5 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit gently to moderately undulating topography 517.5 to 550 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating to rolling topography 550 to 552.5 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit gently to moderately undulating topography 552.5 to 559 glacial ice-contact gently to moderately undulating fluvial/lacustrine fluvial/lacustrine deposit topography 559 to 567.5 eolian sand eolian deposit gently undulating topography 567.5 to 582 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating to rolling topography 582 to 618 glacial ice-contact gently sloping and undulating fluvial/lacustrine fluvial/ice-contact topography lacustrine deposits 618 to 653 glacial till stagnation lacustrine gently to moderately undulating topography 653 to 659 fluvial sand alluvial deposit steep slopes, gently sloping bottomland 659 to 680 glacial ice-contact fluvial/ice- gently to moderately undulating fluvial/lacustrine contact lacustrine deposit topography 680 to 704 glacial lacustrine lacustrine deposit gently to moderately undulating topography
Sources: Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1978a, 1979a,b, 1981
4-3
Glacial lacustrine deposits consisting of silt and clay are common along the pipeline route, occurring from KP 364 to KP 463, KP 468 to KP 479, KP 511 to KP 517.5, KP 550 to KP 552.5 and KP 680 to KP 704 (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b).
The route crosses the Eagle Creek valley from KP 393 to KP 394.5 and again from KP 425 to KP 426.5. At both crossings, recent alluvial deposits occur that consist of sand, silt, clay and minor gravel deposits. The segment of the route from KP 466.5 to KP 468 crosses a large meltwater channel presently occupied by Macdonald Creek that flows along the valley bottom as an underfit stream (Scott 1971). Alluvial-colluvial deposits consisting of undifferentiated silt, clay, till, minor sand and gravel occur along both sides of the meltwater channel. Recent alluvial deposits consisting of sand, silt, clay and minor gravel occur in association with Macdonald Creek. From KP 468 to KP 478, grooves and/or flutings occur. These linear features are parallel to ice movement (Scott 1971). At KP 517, a minor meltwater channel is traversed and at KP 689.5 the route crosses Wascana Creek which occupies another minor meltwater channel.
Alluvial deposits associated with the recent floodplain sediments of various streams occur along some segments of the route. Fluvial sand and gravel deposits of the South Saskatchewan River occur from KP 501.5 to KP 506 (Scott 1971). These recent alluvial deposits form gently to moderately undulating topography. From KP 653 to KP 659, the route crosses recent alluvial sediments associated with the Qu'Appelle River (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The fluvial deposits consist of sand, silt, clay and minor gravels. The Qu'Appelle River valley is a major meltwater channel with steep slopes and flat to gently sloping bottomland.
A glacial till deposit is crossed by the segment of the route from KP 479 to KP 481.5 and KP 618 to KP 653. The glacial till consists of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravel deposits. The till is described as ground moraine generally overlain by 0.5 to 4 m of stratified ablation deposits (Scott 1971). The local relief is low with gently to moderately rolling topography, consisting of nonoriented depressions and ridges.
From KP 481.5 to KP 499.5, KP 517.5 to KP 550 and KP 567.5 to KP 582 the route crosses a section of glacial till consisting of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravel deposits. The till is described as washboard moraine which is overlain by 0.5 to 4 m of stratified ablation deposits (Scott 1971). The glacial till was deposited during ice stagnation and forms undulating to rolling topography with discontinuous oriented ridges (Scott 1971).
Eolian sands form gently undulating topography along the route from KP 506 to KP 511. Parabolic dunes and blowouts may occur in this area (Scott 1971). At KP 509.5, a minor meltwater channel dissects the eolian deposits. From KP 559 to KP 567.5, eolian sands occur in association with the alluvium of the South Saskatchewan River.
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From KP 582 to KP 618, KP 499.5 to KP 501.5, and KP 552.9 to KP 559 the route traverses glacial fluvial and glacial lacustrine deposits consisting of coarse sediments such as sand and gravel (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). These sediments were deposited in ice contact proglacial lakes, ice front fans and deltas. The local relief is low with gently sloping and undulating topography. At KP 585.5, the route crosses a minor meltwater channel with recent alluvial deposits of sand, silt, clay and minor gravels associated with Iskwao Creek. At KP 614, the route traverses recent colluvial deposits associated with a minor meltwater channel (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b).
Between KP 659 and KP 680, the route crosses glacial fluvial and glacial lacustrine deposits consisting of sand and gravels (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). These coarse sediments were deposited along the Qu'Appelle River valley, a large meltwater channel (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The local relief is gently to moderately undulating topography. At KP 679.5, the route crosses a minor meltwater channel occupied by Cottonwood Creek.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina lies south of the region where perennially frozen ground is typically present and at too low of an elevation for alpine permafrost to be a consideration (Geo-Engineering (M.S.T.) Ltd. 1997a,b).
Palaeontological Resources The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses bedrock formations of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Consequential fossils of the Late Cretaceous age include Pterodactyl , as well as crocodile, turtle, shark and fresh water mollusc (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997). Later fossil vertebrates consist of dinosaur, mosasaur, pleisiosaur, amphibian and fish remains. Cretaceous vertebrates such as cf. Melvius and a ceratopsid dinosaur have been identified where the Judith River Group is exposed near Kerrobert (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997). Quaternary gravels may also provide good potential for the occurrence of Quaternary vertebrates such as mammoth, bison, elk, sheep and perhaps Cervus . Areas with high palaeontological potential have been identified near the South Saskatchewan River (KP 504.7 to KP 506.7) and Eagle Creek (KP 392.3 to KP 394.6 and KP 424.5 to KP 426.6) crossings (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997).
4.2 Soils This subsection identifies the soil types that are encountered along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina as well as any soil characteristics which may be of concern during construction, such as erosion risk, problem subsoils and susceptibility to compaction.
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Comprehensive soil surveys were conducted along the route from Kerrobert to Regina by Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. (1993, 1994a) as well as Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. (1997). The soil surveys were previously submitted to the NEB for the 1993 Western Canadian Pipeline Expansion, 1994 Capacity Expansion Program and 1997 Terrace Phase I Expansion Program applications. Table 4.3 summarizes the main characteristics of the soils encountered along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina and the implications to pipeline construction. Detailed mapping of soil units are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets filed with the NEB in the 1997 Terrace Phase I Application.
The Canada Land Inventory (1968a,b,c, 1970h) has rated the capability of soils along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina for agriculture. The lands along the pipeline route rated as having no significant (Class 1) to moderately severe (Class 3) limitations restricting agricultural production are listed in Table 4.4. A complete record of Canada Land Inventory soil capability ratings along the pipeline route are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
The Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) has rated the soils along the route from Kerrobert to Regina in relation to the productivity of the best provincial soils (Table 4.5). The productivity rating incorporates numerous land productivity concepts including climate, soil association, soil profile, soil texture, organic matter, salinity, topography and erosion.
4.3 Hydrology and Fish This subsection identifies the watercourses crossed by the pipeline route, the typical flows during the year, as well as the fish found in the watercourses to determine any timing constraints for instream activity.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses the South Saskatchewan River drainage basin and the Assiniboine River drainage basin. Watercourses crossed by the route are shown on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. The surface water quality in the South Saskatchewan River and Assiniboine River basins is primarily influenced by municipal and agricultural land uses (Golder Associates Ltd. 1997). The large flows of the South Saskatchewan River dilute pollutants and improve surface water quality. The surface water quality within the Assiniboine River basin has been negatively impacted by the removal of riparian vegetation, land drainage and livestock damage as well as the return of irrigation water (Golder Associates Ltd. 1997). Historical streamflow information is available for seven of the watercourses along the pipeline route (Table 4.6). Detailed historical streamflow information for each of these watercourses is graphically presented in Appendix A. Drainage canals and ditches are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
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TABLE 4.3
SUMMARY OF SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Colour Erosion Hazards 5 Susceptible Differentiation Wind Water to Soil Susceptible to Soil Soil Parent Drainage Topsoil Depth Trench 1 2 3 4 Between Topsoil Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Texture Class Class Range (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns AQ Asquith O.DB GF SL-LS W-R 8-75 Fair H S-M No Yes - shAQ shallow O.DB GF SL-LS W-R 10-30 Fair H S-M No Yes - Asquith stAQ stony Asquith O.DB GF SL-LS W-R 10 Fair H S-M No Yes - AV Alluvium GLCU.HR F SL-SiL I-P 10-25 Good M S No No - saAV saline GLCU.HR F SL-SiL I-P 10-25 Good M S No No - Alluvium BG Biggar O.DB GF cSL-LcS W-R 8-25 Good H S-M No Yes - gravel content at surface may be increased gvBG gravelly O.DB GF cSL-LcS W-R 10-15 Good H S-M No Yes - gravel content at surface may Biggar be increased BR Bradwell O.DB GL or GF fSL-L W 10-35 Good H S No No - saBR saline saO.DB GL or GF fSL-L W 15-35 Good H S No No - Bradwell scBR Bradwell with O.DB GL or GF fSL-L W 15-40 Good H S No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil scshBR shallow O.DB GF/T fSL-L/L-CL W 30 Good H S No No - saline lower subsoil Bradwell with saline lower subsoil shBR shallow O.DB GF or GL/T fSL-L W 10-40 Good H S No No - Bradwell 4-7 CT Cathkin saR.G F-GF SL P 18-22 Poor H S No Yes -
DS Dune Sand O.R E S R 0-10 Poor H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to re- establish vegetation shDS shallow Dune O.R E/T or GL S R 0-8 Poor H S-M-H No Yes - droughty soil and difficult to re- Sand establish vegetation EW Elstow O.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 10-25 Good M S No No - saEW saline Elstow saO.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 12-30 Good M S No No - scEW Elstow with O.DB GL SiL-SiCL W 11-17 Good M S No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil FK Flat Lake saR.G GL or T SiL-CL P 0-18 Good M S Yes No - GR Grill Lake saR.G GL C P 0-25 Poor S S Yes No - shHY shallow DB.SZ GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL MW-I 10-20 Poor M S No No - Hanley KH Kettlehut B.SZ T CL MW-I 8-15 Poor M S No No - KN Kelstern B.SS-B.SZ GL SiL-SiCL MW-I 4-13 Poor M S No No - shKN shallow B.SS-B.SZ GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL MW-I 12-17 Poor M S No No - Kelstern RA Regina CAR.DB-R.DB GL HC-C MW 4-22 Poor M-H S-M-H Yes No - saRA saline Regina saCAR.DB GL HC-C MW 10-30 Poor M-H S-M-H Yes No - scRA Regina with CAR.DB-R.DB GL HC-C MW 13-22 Poor M-H S-M-H Yes No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil shRA shallow CAR.DB-R.DB GL/T HC-C/CL MW 12 Poor M-H S-M-H No No - Regina
TABLE 4.3 Cont'd
Colour Erosion Hazards 5 Susceptible Differentiation Wind Water to Soil Susceptible to Soil Soil Parent Drainage Topsoil Depth Trench 1 2 3 4 Between Topsoil Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Texture Class Class Range (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns RM Rosemae DB.SZ T L MW-I 12 Poor M S No No - ST Scott O.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L W 5-33 Good M S No No - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till saST saline Scott saO.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L W 18-30 Good M S No No - scST Scott with O.DB GL/T SiL-SiCL/L W 10-25 Good M S No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil WG Wingello DB.SO GF SL W-MW 15 Poor H S No Yes - WR Weyburn O.DB T L W 5-25 Good M S-M No No - saWR saline saO.DB T L W 28 Good M S-M No No - Weyburn scWR Weyburn with O.DB T L W 10-22 Good M S-M No No - saline and/or sodic lower subsoil saline lower subsoil
2 Soil Classification: 1 Parent Material Texture Class: 3 Drainage Class: 4
sa - saline O.DB - Orthic Dark Brown E - eolian C - Clay R - Rapidly sc - saline lower subsoil O.R - Orthic Regosol F - fluvial CL - Clay Loam W - Well sh - shallow R.DB - Rego Dark Brown GF - glaciofluvial HC - Heavy Clay MW - Moderately Well st - stony R.G - Rego Gleysol GL - glaciolacustrine L - Loam I - Imperfectly T - till gv - gravelly SiL - Silt Loam P - Poorly SiCL - Silty Clay Loam SL - Sandy Loam B.SS - Brown Solodized Solonetz LS - Loamy Sand Erosion Hazards: 5 B.SZ - Brown Solonetz S - Sand CAR.DB - Calcareous Rego Dark Brown S - Slight DB.SO - Dark Brown Solod c - coarse M - Moderate DB.SZ - Dark Brown Solonetz f - fine H - High
4-8 GLCU.HR - Gleyed Cumulic Humic Regosol
Sources: Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a Mentiga Pedology Consultants and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997
TABLE 4.4
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA WITH SOILS RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Location (KP) Class Limitations 361.3 to 362.2 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography 362.2 to 364.3 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography, excess water 364.3 to 382.5 2 Adverse climate 383.3 to 384.7 2 Adverse climate 385.4 to 389.7 2 Adverse climate 389.7 to 390 2, 3 Adverse climate as well as the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 390.5 to 391 2, 3 Adverse climate as well as the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 391.4 to 392.5 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and topography 394.8 to 397.2 2, 3 Adverse climate as well as the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 397.2 to 401 2 Adverse climate 401 to 401.7 2, 3 Adverse climate as well as the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 401.7 to 406.8 2 Adverse climate 408.2 to 413.75 2 Adverse climate 413.75 to 415.6 2, 4, 5 Adverse climate and excess water 415.6 to 424 2 Adverse climate 424 to 424.4 3, 2 Adverse soil characteristics and climate 426 to 445.65 2 Adverse climate 445.65 to 446.3 3 Cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 446.3 to 459.4 2 Adverse climate 459.4 to 462.1 3 Adverse soil characteristics 463.1 to 466.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics 468.1 to 471.4 2 Adverse climate 471.4 to 475.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 476.6 to 479.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics 480.6 to 484.9 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 484.9 to 489.2 3 Adverse soil characteristics 489.2 to 493.3 3,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 493.3 to 505.2 3 Adverse soil characteristics 508.4 to 510.2 3 Adverse soil characteristics 512.9 to 517 3 Adverse soil characteristics 517.2 to 519.1 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 519.1 to 519.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics 520.3 to 545.8 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 545.8 to 547.1 3 Adverse soil characteristics 547.1 to 550 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 550 to 553.9 3 Adverse soil characteristics
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TABLE 4.4 Cont’d
Location (KP) Class Limitations 565.7 to 571.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 571.5 to 585.2 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 592.2 to 593.9 3, 4, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and erosion damage 599.1 to 607.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 607.5 to 611.7 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 619.4 to 622 3, 5 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 622 to 622.9 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 622.9 to 624.3 3, 4 Adverse soil characteristics 624.3 to 626.6 3,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 626.6 to 628.6 3,4 Adverse soil characteristics 628.6 to 653.2 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 654.4 to 657 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 660 to 661.7 3 Adverse soil characteristics 677.6 to 678.2 3 Adverse soil characteristics 678.2 to 679.4 2, 3 Adverse climate as well as the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 679.75 to 689 2 Adverse climate 689.5 to 692.8 2 Adverse climate 692.8 to 693.5 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 693.5 to 704.2 2 Adverse climate
Notes: Class 2 - Soils that have moderate limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices. Class 3 - Soils that have moderately severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 4 - Soils that have severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices, or both. Class 5 - Soils that have very severe limitations that restrict their capability to producing perennial forage crops and, improvement practices are feasible.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1968a,b,c 1970h
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TABLE 4.5
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS ALONG THE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
(% as Productive as Best Location (KP) Soil Rating Provincial Soils) Municipal Government 351.3 to 356 (Classes L to O) 25 – 39.9% R.M. of Oakdale 356 to 388.4 (Classes C to L) 35 – 79.9% R.M. of Winslow 388.4 to 419.8 (Classes B to J) 45 – 84.9% R.M. of Mountain View 419.8 to 423 (Class B) 80 – 84.9% R.M. of Marriott 423 to 452.5 (Classes C to D) 70 – 79.9% R.M. of St. Andrews 452.5 to 473.6 (Classes B to J) 45 – 84.9% R.M. of Milden 473.6 to 506.2 (Classes D to K) 40 – 74.9% R.M. of Fertile Valley 506.2 to 551.7 (Classes H to J) 45 – 54.9% R.M. of Loreburn 551.7 to 559.4 (Classes H to O) 25 – 54.9% R.M. of Wilner 559.4 to 587.3 (Classes J to P) <24.9 – 49.9% R.M. of Huron 587.3 to 621.8 (Classes K to O) 25 – 44.9% R.M. of Craik 621.8 to 663.2 (Classes G to O) 25 – 59.9% R.M. of Dufferin 663.2 to 682 (Classes C to P) <24.9 – 79.9% R.M. of Pense 682 to 704.2 (Classes B to E) 65 – 84.9% R.M. of Sherwood
Note: Soils are rated in relation to the productivity of the best provincial soils.
Source: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation 1997
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TABLE 4.6
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW INFORMATION ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Approx. Distance Mean from Annual Highest Lowest Pipeline Flow Mean Month Mean Month KP Watercourse Gauging Station Crossing (m 3/s) (m 3/s) (m 3/s) 393.8 Eagle Creek NW 10-30-16 W3M 35 km 0.466 April October 3-32-18 W3M Near Anglia 2 downstream (2.19) (0.022) 425.9 Eagle Creek SW 34-30-15 W3M 1 km 1.40 April October 33-30-15 W3M Near Rosetown 2 downstream (8.52) (0.059) 467 Macdonald Creek NE 36-29-11 W3M 8 km 0.187 April February Near Bounty downstream (1.1) (0) 1 505.2 South SW 16-29-8 W3M 17 km 257 June October Saskatchewan Near Outlook 2 downstream (825) (175) River 586.7 Iskwao Creek NW 23-23-29 W2M 11 km 0.079 April August to Near Craik 2 downstream (0.477) October and February (0) 657 Qu’Appelle River SE 4-19-24 W2M 7 km 4.25 April October Below Moose Jaw upstream (13.8) (0.875) River 2 679.5 Cottonwood SW 7-19-21 W2M 10 km 0.336 April February and Creek Near Lumsden downstream (1.9) October (0.002) 1 689.5 Wascana Creek SW 30-19-21 W2M 21 km 2.10 April January Near Lumsden 2 downstream (9.40) (0.461) 1
Notes: 1 Streamflow data not available from November to January 2 Regulated flow
Source: Environment Canada 1994
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Watercourses previously deemed to be navigable along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina include Eagle Creek and the South Saskatchewan and Qu'Appelle rivers. These rivers are medium to large watercourses with hydrological conditions suitable for recreational use. Other watercourses traversed by the route are less likely to be used for recreational boating, although some occasional use may occur.
The portion of the Kerrobert to Regina route between KP 695.9 to KP 707.4 lies within Regina's Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone (City of Regina 1993). Further details regarding this zoning are provided in Section 3.1.6.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses three Crown land locations with reservations regarding the South Saskatchewan River Project from KP 501.7 to KP 502.9, KP 506.8 to KP 508, KP 508.6 to KP 509.5, KP 509.6 to KP 510.5 and KP 511.3 to KP 511.4 (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997). This project involves a series of canals and pipelines supplying water to farms in the vicinity. The project is now referred to as the South Saskatchewan River Irrigation District #1 (Stranden pers. comm.).
Surface Water Quality Surface water quality information for various inorganic, organic, physical and micro- biological parameters is available for Cottonwood, Eagle, Macdonald and Wascana creeks as well as the Qu’Appelle and South Saskatchewan rivers (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1997). Baseline data are presented in Appendix A as an average value over the reporting period for each watercourse and compared to existing Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992).
Generally, most of the inorganic parameters tested for the aforementioned watercourses fall within the Canadian Water Quality Standards for drinking water, irrigation water, and livestock drinking water. The values recorded from Macdonald Creek exceed the standards for chloride and pH. Several of the waterbodies do not meet the more stringent drinking water standards for sulphate and total dissolved solids, but only Macdonald Creek does not meet the less stringent irrigation water standards for these two parameters.
The Canadian standards for the microbiological parameters in drinking water are not met by any of the watercourses along this segment of the pipeline route, with the exception of the South Saskatchewan River immediately downstream of the Gardiner Dam. The highest average fecal and total coliform counts are found in Cottonwood Creek.
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Suspended sediment loads were measured on Cottonwood Creek, Eagle Creek, Wascana Creek, the South Saskatchewan River and the Qu’Appelle River (Environment Canada 1994). Table 4.7 provides a summary of available data from sampling sites in the vicinity of water crossings along the pipeline route. Although the South Saskatchewan River (near Outlook) has the highest recorded values of suspended sediment loads with the highest maximum daily load of 462,000 tonnes recorded in May of 1948 and the highest total suspended sediment of 13,100,000 tonnes in 1951, suspended sediment trends dropped substantially in downstream areas following construction of the Gardiner Dam. Eagle Creek and Cottonwood Creek appear to have the lowest suspended sediment loads of the watercourses listed, however, they also have the least data available (Environment Canada 1994).
TABLE 4.7
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DATA SUMMARY FOR WATERCOURSE SAMPLING SITES IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
South Cottonwood Eagle Creek, Saskatchewan Qu’Appelle River Creek, near Wascana Creek Wascana Creek near near Environ River near Outlook near Lumsden Lumsden near Richardson Lumsden (1975- Parameter (tonnes) (1976) (1948-1961) (1976-1994) (1982-1983) (1962-1976) 1980) Maximum Daily, highest extreme 2,640 462,000 138,000 1,570 4,280 9,470 measured Total for Period, highest extreme 10,000 13,100,000 16,000 8,060 32,100 116,000 measured Historical Mean Load -- -- 55.5 134 17.9 --
Source: Environment Canada 1994
Groundwater Groundwater quality in Saskatchewan is variable due to the development of local flow systems from the knob and kettle topography, and variations in the geologic material through which the water flows (Freeze 1969a). However, the semi-arid climate associated with southern Saskatchewan seems to have the strongest influence on groundwater chemistry (Freeze 1969b). Low rainfall and high evapotranspiration tend to concentrate salts in the soil and soil water. These minerals are leached into the groundwater during rain events (Freeze 1969a). A detailed listing of springs within Saskatchewan was inaccessible, however, springs are reported to be common along valley slopes in the Regina area, particularly along the Qu'Appelle River valley (Christiansen 1961).
Fish This subsection provides a summary of the fish species found in the watercourses crossed along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina. Determining the fish species present within the streams and rivers is critical to the development of appropriate mitigative
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measures for instream construction. The watercourses with sport fish species of concern reported or collected and their respective spawning season are identified in Table 4.8. Fish habitat assessments conducted on watercourses along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina by Environmental Management Associates (1993) and, more recently, R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. (1998b) are on file with the NEB.
TABLE 4.8
SPORT FISH SPECIES REPORTED IN WATERCOURSES TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Watercourse KP Sport Fish Species Spawning Period Present Eagle Creek 393.8 NP, YP spring 3-32-18 W3M Eagle Creek 425.9 NP, YP spring 33-30-15 W3M Macdonald Creek 467 None None South Saskatchewan 505.2 NP, WE, SA, WF, YP, spring and fall River RT, BT, BU, GE, LS, CI, ME, MW Iskwao Creek 586.7 None None Qu’Appelle River 657 NP, WE, BB spring High Hill Creek 667 NP, WE*, BS, FM spring Cottonwood Creek 679.5 NP, WE*, BS, WS spring Wascana Creek 689.5 NP, WS spring
Note: * Fish species reported in watercourse, however, may only occur downstream of crossing.
Legend BB = Bigmouth buffalo ME = Mooneye BT = Brook trout MW = Mountain whitefish BU = Burbot NP = Northern pike CI = Cisco RT = Rainbow trout GE = Goldeye SA = Sauger LS = Lake sturgeon WE = Walleye WF = Lake whitefish YP = Yellow perch
Sources: McCutcheon pers. comm. Environmental Management Associates 1993 Golder Associates Ltd. 1997 Merkowsky pers. comm. R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. 1998b
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4.4 Vegetation
This subsection describes the vegetation and ecoregions encountered along the route from Kerrobert to Regina and will assist in identifying any concerns associated with reclamation. In addition, any rare plants potentially occurring along this segment are identified. The potential for grass and bush fires along the pipeline route between Kerrobert and Regina is dependent upon moisture and temperature. Therefore, the fire hazard varies from year to year.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion from approximately KP 351 to KP 367 and KP 476 to KP 502. The Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion is traversed from approximately KP 367 to KP 476 and from approximately KP 502 to KP 704 (Padbury and Acton 1994).
The Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion is widely used for agriculture with native vegetation confined to non-arable pasturelands. Speargrass and wheatgrass are common, as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
The Mixed Grassland Ecoregion is a more arid neighbour of the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion. As the name implies, grasses dominate the native vegetation of the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion, particularly speargrass, wheatgrass, and blue grama, often in association with june grass and dryland sedge. Many shrubs and herbs can occur with sagebrush being the most common. Moister sites in river valleys and sandhills support shrubby aspen, willow, cottonwood and box-elder while yellow cactus and prickly pear can be found on the driest sites of Mixed Grassland. Like the Moist Mixed Grassland, local saline soils typically support alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
The pipeline route traverses the Elbow PFRA pasture from KP 560.4 to KP 566.3. This pasture lies within boundaries set for a vegetation management plan based on grazing, wildlife habitat, conservation and recreation for the Elbow Sandhills (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). The relief of the land subject to this management plan crossed by the pipeline route ranges from very low dunes (stabilized dunes with less than 1 m of vertical relief) to flat. Native vegetation is traversed from approximately KP 560.4 to KP 563.8. The area from KP 563.8 to KP 566.3 was seeded to introduce forage grasses in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of the seeding consisted of crested wheatgrass, with some Russian wildrye and smooth brome (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). A small “tree planted area” exists at an abandoned farmstead in SE 30-24-2 W3M (Thorpe and Godwin 1992).
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Weed control on agricultural land is of concern to farmers and local government agencies. Weed species of concern in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina include Canada thistle, dandelion, sowthistle, wild oats, nodding thistle, fieldbind weed, quack grass, wild buckwheat, green foxtail, stinkweed, wild mustard, Russian thistle, cow cockle, flixweed and narrow-leaved hawk’s beard (Barclay, Graniak, Hovdestad, Ippolito, Robertshaw, Risula, Rapp pers. comm.). Major weed infestations recorded with the vegetation management plan for the Elbow PFRA pasture (KP 560.4 to KP 566.3) area have involved leafy spurge and smooth brome (Thorpe and Goodwin 1992).
Rare plants identified during rare plant surveys conducted in 1993, 1994 and 1998, and observations during post-construction monitoring in 1996 along the existing Enbridge right- of-way are presented in Table 4.9 (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1995, 1996, 1998a,b,c). Two locations of beaked annual skeleton weed (Shinnerosteris rostrata) were found in the vicinity of the route near KP 560 during the 1996 Vegetation Assessment for the Alliance Pipeline Project (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1997a).
TABLE 4.9
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IDENTIFIED ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Common Name Species Name Status Notes 394.5 few-flowered aster Aster pauciflorus S3 On and adjacent to south side of ROW 505.95 annual skeleton weed Lygodesmia rostrata - S1/S2 Vicinity of ROW on south side shinnerostris rostrata 505.95 low annual lupine Lupinus pusillus S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 505.95 annual skeleton weed Lygodesmia rostrata S1/S2 Vicinity of ROW on south side 506.07 lotus-flowered milk-vetch Astragalus lotiflorus S2/S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 506.07 smooth goosefoot Chenopodium S1 Vicinity of ROW on south side subglarum 506.55 low annual lupin Lupinus pusillus S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 507.5 lotus-flowered milk-vetch Astragalus lotiflorus S2/S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 560 beaked annual skeleton weed Shinnerosteris rostrata S2 561.8 few-flowered aster Aster pauciflorus S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 576.3 Crowfoot violet Viola pedatifida S3 North edge of ROW 624.2 Crowfoot violet Viola pedatifida S3 North edge of ROW 627.7 moonwort Botfychium lunaria S1 Vicinity of ROW on south side 648.5 Crowfoot violet Viola pedatifida S3 North edge of ROW 649.4 Crowfoot violet Viola pedatifida S3 North edge of ROW 654.2 lotus-flowered milk vetch Astragalus lotiflorus S2/S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side 659.38 lotus-flowered milk vetch Astragalus lotiflorus S2/S3 Vicinity of ROW on south side Note: Provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). Sources: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1995, 1996, 1997a, 1998a,b,c Wilkinson et al. 1993
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Within the vegetation management plan for the Elbow PFRA pasture (KP 560.4 to KP 566.3), a small population of western spiderwort ( Tradescantia occidentalis ) has been discovered at the west end of the pasture (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). The Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre has recorded an occurrence of Nevada bulrush ( Junus nevadensis ) within a segment of the pipeline route between KP 391.9 and KP 395.4 (Keith pers. comm.).
Vascular plant species with special conservation status within the Moist Mixed and Mixed Grassland ecoregions, as defined by Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre, their habitat, as well as federal and provincial status are listed in Appendix B.
4.5 Wildlife
This subsection identifies the wildlife habitats that will be traversed by the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina. Table 4.10 identifies Critical Wildlife Habitat crossed by the route between Kerrobert and Regina (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1978, 1979a, 1980a, Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1978b).
TABLE 4.10
CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP (approx.) Environmental Concern 484.2 to 485.1 gray (Hungarian) partridge 506 to 507.2 mule deer, white-tailed deer and sharp-tailed grouse 511.3 to 512.2 white-tailed deer and sharp-tailed grouse 566 to 567.6 white-tailed deer and sharp-tailed grouse 586.3 to 587.5 white-tailed deer, mule deer, pheasant and sharp-tailed grouse 656.1 to 658.5 beaver 662.5 to 664 sharp-tailed grouse 663 to 664 white-tailed deer
Sources: Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1978, 1979a, 1980a, Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1978b
Species with special conservation status ranges in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina are listed in Appendix C. Wildlife surveys were conducted in 1994 and 1998 along the existing Enbridge right-of-way from Kerrobert to Regina (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994b, 1998d). The wildlife species with special conservation status that have been observed during previous wildlife surveys along native
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vegetation and improved pasture segments of the route from Kerrobert to Regina are identified in Table 4.11. Burrowing owl nesting sites within 500 m of the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina were previously identified at approximately KP 428, KP 437, KP 439.3, KP 559.4 to KP 560.4 as well as KP 566 to KP 567.3 (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1993, Keith pers. comm.). R. Webb Environmental Services Ltd. (1997) previously identified some areas of concern for wildlife habitat in the vicinity of the route for the Alliance Project. Secure habitat for long-billed curlew (KP 565 to KP 565.4) and sharp-tailed grouse lek grounds (KP 563.8 to KP 564.4) occur within the Elbow PFRA Community Pasture.
TABLE 4.11
SUMMARY OF WILDLIFE SURVEY RESULTS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Legal Observations 358.9 NE 17-33-21 W3M Canid den 383.3 SW 15-32-19 W3M Loggerhead shrike nest 390.3 SW 8-32-18 W3M Sharp-tailed grouse lek 390.4 SW 8-32-18 W3M Swainson’s hawk nest 500.3 7-3-28-8 W3M Loggerhead shrike habitat 502.9 SE 2-28-8 W3M Long-billed curlew habitat 505.7 14-31-27-7 W3M Piping plover vocalizations 506.9 15-31-27-7 W3M Loggerhead shrike habitat 507.9 SE 32-27-9 W3M Sharp-tailed grouse lek 517.1 3-18-27-6 W3M Loggerhead shrike habitat 559.6 13-35-24-3 W3M Cooper’s hawk observation 559.7 13-35-24-3 W3M Loggerhead shrike habitat 564.0 NW 30-24-2 W3M Sharp-tailed grouse lek 564.6 2-30-24-2 W3M Loggerhead shrike habitat 597.0 NE 25-22-29 W2M Sharp-tailed grouse lek 597.2 NE 25-22-29 W2M Swainson’s hawk nest 613 SE 22-21-27 W2M Loggerhead shrike habitat 621.8 NE 12-21-27 W2M Loggerhead shrike nest 626.4 NW 33-20-26 W2M Loggerhead shrike nest 627.5 NE 33-20-26 W2M Sharp-tailed grouse lek 655-656 NW 13-19-24 W2M Northern leopard frog habitat 658.6 NE 7-19-23 W2M Great blue heron nest 663.3 SW 3-19-23 W2M Sharp-tailed grouse lek
Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994b, 1998d
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Table 4.12 identifies Crown land along the pipeline route with provincially registered wildlife reservations. Most of these reservations are designated under the Wildlife Habitat Protection Act to protect and manage Crown lands for agriculture and wildlife (Statutes of Saskatchewan 1996). The pipeline route does not traverse any Fish and Wildlife Development Fund Wildlife lands, Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation lands or Habitat Trust Fund lands (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.).
TABLE 4.12
CROWN LAND RESERVATIONS RELATED TO WILDLIFE ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Wildlife Designation 505.9 to 506.7 NE,SE 31-27-7 W3M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 506.7 to 508 SE,SW 32-27-7 W3M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 508.1 to 508.6 NE 29-27-7 W3M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 511.3 to 511.4 NW 22-27-7 W3M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 566.8 to 567.2 SE 20-24-2 W3M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 587.1 to 589 NE,NW 9-23-29 W2M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 587.4 to 587.6 SW 16-23-29 W2M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 647.6 to 648.5 NE 29-19-24 W2M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 649.1 to 650 SE 29-19-24 W2M - - -
Sources: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997 Statutes of Saskatchewan 1996 Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.
Ungulates Lands along the pipeline route from Kerrobert Station to the Regina Terminal provide fair to good habitat for ungulates. White-tailed deer are the most common big game species found along the route. On native prairie along the route in western Saskatchewan, pronghorn antelope are common. Mule deer are found in areas of native vegetation with suitable escape terrain.
The pipeline segment from KP 560.4 to KP 566.3 traverses the Elbow PFRA pasture. This pasture lies within boundaries set for a vegetation management plan based on grazing, wildlife habitat, conservation and recreation for the Elbow Sandhills (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). This management plan has rated the lands traversed by the pipeline route through the Elbow pasture as poor to good quality winter habitat for mule deer and poor to moderate quality winter habitat for white-tailed deer.
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Lands along the pipeline route that have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates are presented in Table 4.13. The Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all of the Canada Land Inventory capability ratings for ungulate production along the Kerrobert to Regina route.
TABLE 4.13
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF UNGULATES
Location (KP) Class Limitations 478.9 to 482.6 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 486.8 to 489.1 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 489.4 to 490.9 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 491.7 to 493.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 494.7 to 498.2 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 506 to 507.4 3 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 507.4 to 508.2 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography 510.2 to 510.6 3 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 511.2 to 511.6 2 Habitat adversely affected by lack of soil nutrients and aridity 517.4 to 519.4 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 520.3 to 525.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 529.2 to 530.4 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 559.1 to 562 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography 604.2 to 605.1 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 607.6 to 607.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 608 to 612.7 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 613.7 to 614.8 3 Habitat adversely affected by exposure to winter winds and aridity 615.6 to 616.1 3 Habitat adversely affected by exposure to winter winds and aridity 625.4 to 626.9 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 628.7 to 653.2 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 654.2 to 657.8 3W Excessive water level fluctuation and adverse topography 657.8 to 659 3W Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 659.4 to 659.7 3W Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 663.3 to 666.4 3 Poor soil moisture 666.4 to 667.1 3W Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 670.1 to 670.7 3W Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 679.5 to 679.9 3 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 688.7 to 689.6 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms
Notes: Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of ungulates. W - Winter range. Source: Canada Land Inventory 1970i, 1971b,c, 1974b
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Birds The portion of the Elbow PFRA pasture (vegetation management plan) traversed by the pipeline segment (KP 560.4 to KP 566.3) is characterized as having less than 5% trees or tall shrubs, with only a small area characterized as 51% to 75% short shrub vegetation within SW 30-24-2 W3M. Bird species which require these general habitat requirements may be categorized into grassland birds, which prefer grass-dominated areas virtually devoid of tree or shrub cover, and edge species which require some combination of grasslands with shrubland. Grassland bird species include: western meadowlark; Sprague’s pipit; long-billed curlew; marbled godwit; Baird’s sparrow, grasshopper sparrow; northern harrier and savannah sparrow (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). The pipeline traverses primary long-billed curlew habitat from KP 560.4 to KP 561.3 and secondary habitat from KP 561.3 to 566.3 (Thorpe and Godwin 1992). This shorebird utilizes upland areas for breeding sites. Edge species include: sharp-tailed grouse; clay-colored sparrow; vesper sparrow; American goldfinch; eastern kingbird; tree swallow, mountain bluebird; western kingbird; yellow warbler; mourning dove and common crow. Over the last twenty years sharp-tailed grouse leks have been recorded within SW 25-24-3 W3M as well as NW/SE 30, SW 29, NW 20 and NE 19-24-3 W3M (Thorpe and Godwin 1992).
Lands along the route that have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to waterfowl production are presented in Table 4.14. The Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all the Canada Land Inventory waterfowl habitat ratings along the route from Kerrobert to Regina.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina does not cross any Ducks Unlimited Canada habitat enhancement projects (Chappell pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses numerous migratory bird habitat subregions as defined by Poston et al. (1990). These subregions are landscape divisions primarily based on soils, however, are also distinct on the basis of elevation, relief, landform, drainage and general substrate. The subregions contain habitat of varying importance for migratory birds (Table 4.15).
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TABLE 4.14
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF WATERFOWL FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Location (KP) Class Limitations 392.8 to 394.2 3 Excessive or fast waterflow and reduced marsh edge 401.3 to 401.5 3 Excessive or fast waterflow and reduced marsh edge 406 to 406.5 3 Excessive or fast waterflow and reduced marsh edge 407.4 to 407.8 3 Excessive or fast waterflow and reduced marsh edge 425.4 to 425.9 3 Excessive or fast waterflow and reduced marsh edge 445.4 to 446.4 2S Adverse water depth 475.4 to 475.8 2 Adverse water depth and reduced marsh edge 505.2 to 506 3 Poor soil moisture 521.7 to 533.6 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 568 to 583.2 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 604.2 to 604.8 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 608 to 609.5 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 611.6 to 612.8 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 626.3 to 628.3 3 Adverse aridity and poor soil moisture 628.3 to 634.6 2 Aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 634.6 to 640.7 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 640.7 to 653.5 2 Aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 654.9 to 657 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 687.3 to 687.7 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 688.4 to 689.6 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins
Notes: Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. S - Areas that serve as migration stops.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970j 1972d, 1973c,e
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TABLE 4.15
SIGNIFICANT MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT SUBREGIONS THAT ARE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Habitat Significance* (approx.) Subregion (National, Regional or Local) 351.3 to 366 Sibbald Plain Local – moulting ducks, staging ducks, geese and No. 2.34 shorebirds, breeding ferruginous hawk, burrowing owl and loggerhead shrike Regional – staging ducks and geese 366 to 390 Tramping Lake Local – moulting ducks, staging ducks, geese and Plain shorebirds, breeding ferruginous hawk, burrowing No. 2.69 owl and loggerhead shrike Regional – staging ducks and geese 390 to 396 Eagle Creek / Local – moulting ducks, staging geese, breeding piping Scott Zenlandia plover, ferruginous hawk and burrowing owl No. 2.212 Regional – staging ducks National – staging ducks and geese 396 to 423 Eagle Creek Plain Regional – moulting and staging ducks, non-breeding colonial No. 2.71 birds and breeding loggerhead shrike Local – moulting and staging ducks, breeding and staging geese, breeding piping plover National – staging geese and breeding burrowing owl 423 to 427 Eagle Creek / Regional – moulting and staging ducks, non-breeding colonial Scott Zenlandia birds and breeding loggerhead shrike No. 2.212 Local – moulting and staging ducks, breeding and staging geese, breeding piping plover National – staging geese and breeding burrowing owl 427 to 466 Eagle Creek Plain Regional – moulting and staging ducks, non-breeding colonial No. 2.71 birds and breeding loggerhead shrike Local – moulting and staging ducks, breeding and staging geese, breeding piping plover National – staging geese and breeding burrowing owl 466 to 496 Coteau Hills Local – breeding, moulting and staging ducks, breeding No. 2.72 geese, piping plover and burrowing owl, staging shorebirds Regional – staging ducks and breeding loggerhead shrike National – staging geese 496 to 504 Eagle Creek Plain Local – breeding, moulting and staging ducks, breeding No. 2.71 geese, piping plover and burrowing owl, staging shorebirds Regional – staging ducks and breeding loggerhead shrike National – staging geese 504 to 507 S. Sask. River / Local – moulting geese Outlook Portion No. 2.209
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TABLE 4.15 Cont’d
KP Habitat Significance* (approx.) Subregion (National, Regional or Local) 507 to 548 Hawarden Hills Regional – burrowing owl No. 4.32 National – loggerhead shrike 548 to 559 Brightwater Local – moulting ducks Creek Plain National – burrowing owl and loggerhead shrike No. 2.71 559 to 586 Kenaston Upland Local – breeding ducks No. 4.33 Regional – breeding burrowing owl National – breeding loggerhead shrike 586 to 597 Upper Qu’Appelle Local – moulting and staging ducks, breeding and staging Plain geese, breeding piping plover, ferruginous hawk, No. 2.75 burrowing owl and loggerhead shrike Regional – moulting and staging ducks, breeding geese, staging shorebirds National – staging geese 597 to 653 Buffalo Pound Regional – breeding ducks Upland Local – threatened burrowing owl No. 4.48 653 to 661 Qu’Appelle River / Local – moulting and staging ducks, staging geese, non- Lake Diefenbaker breeding colonial birds and staging shorebirds to Lumsden Regional – moulting and staging ducks, breeding and staging No. 2.210 geese, breeding burrowing owl National – staging shorebirds 661 to 679 Regina Plain Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, moulting No. 2.58 geese, non-breeding colonial birds Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl 679 to 680 Qu’Appelle River / Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, moulting Lake Diefenbaker geese, non-breeding colonial birds to Lumsden Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds No. 2.210 National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl 680 to 687 Regina Plain Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, moulting No. 2.58 geese, non-breeding colonial birds Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl 687 to 690 Qu’Appelle River / Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, moulting Lake Diefenbaker geese, non-breeding colonial birds to Lumsden Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds No. 2.210 National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl 690 to 704.2 Regina Plain Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, moulting No. 2.58 geese, non-breeding colonial birds Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl
Note: * While the pipeline route traverses the habitat subregion, it may not traverse any site-specific areas providing the noted significance. Source: Poston et al. 1990
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4.6 Zoning, Land and Resource Use
This subsection identifies the administrative districts as well as land and natural resource uses traversed by the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina does not traverse any Indian Reserves, Metis Settlements, tree nurseries, sod farms, existing or proposed provincial or regional parks, lands under Parks Canada Jurisdiction, recreation areas, Ecological Reserves, International Biological Program sites, refuges, historical sites or other lands with special conservation designations (Laborde pers. comm.).
Municipal Jurisdiction and Zoning The rural municipalities and ownership are recorded on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. The pipeline route crosses 14 rural municipalities as well as the Village of Dodsland and the City of Regina. The location and zoning of these rural municipalities are identified in Table 4.16. Most of the land use zoning along the pipeline route is Agricultural.
The pipeline route from KP 695.9 to KP 707.4 lies within Regina’s Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone. The Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone was designated to provide additional regulations to protect the Regina aquifer system from contamination due to development activities (City of Regina 1993). Most of the existing pipeline system in this area traverses the low sensitivity Aquifer Protection Zone with no specified performance regulations for oil and gas pipeline operations. However, the route traverses the moderately sensitive Aquifer Protection Zone from KP 698.2 to KP 703.1. The performance regulations for oil pipeline developments within moderately sensitive aquifer protection zone requires that excavations not exceed 4.5 m in depth and, where the overburden is less than 3 m, the excavations shall not expose the aquifer or reduce the overburden substantially. All development applications shall be accompanied by plans to detect contamination of the underlying aquifer (City of Regina 1993).
Land Use Land use along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina consists of approximately 82% cultivated land, 2% hay land, 2.5% improved pasture, 10% native prairie and the remaining 3.5% other miscellaneous uses such as industrial use and pipeline corridors (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997).
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TABLE 4.16
MUNICIPAL JURISDICTION ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Municipal Authority Zoning 351.3 to 356 R.M. of Oakdale No. 320 No Zoning Bylaws 1 356 to 366.5 R.M. of Winslow No. 319 No Zoning Bylaws 2 366.5 to 368.2 Village of Dodsland Urban Residential 2 368.2 to 388.4 R.M. of Winslow No. 319 No Zoning Bylaws 2 388.4 to 419.8 R.M. of Mountain View No. 318 Agricultural / Residential 3 419.8 to 422.9 R.M. of Marriott No. 317 Agricultural 4 422.9 to 452.6 R.M. of St. Andrews No. 287 Agricultural 5 452.6 to 473.6 R.M. of Milden No. 286 No Zoning Bylaws 6 473.6 to 505 R.M. of Fertile Valley No. 285 Agricultural (KP 473.6 to KP 502.6) Reservoir Development Area (KP 502.6 to KP 505) 7 505 to 551.7 R.M. of Loreburn No. 254 Reservoir Development Area (KP 505 to KP 522.8) Agricultural (KP 522.8 to KP 551.7) 8 551.7 to 559.4 R.M. of Willner No. 253 Agricultural 9 559.4 to 587.4 R.M. of Huron No. 223 Agricultural 10 587.4 to 621.9 R.M. of Craik No. 222 No Zoning Bylaws 11 621.9 to 663.2 R.M. of Dufferin No. 190 Agricultural 12 663.2 to 682 R.M. of Pense No. 160 Agricultural 13 682 to 695.8 R.M. of Sherwood No. 159 Agricultural 14 695.8 to 704.2 City of Regina Public Service (KP 635.8 to KP 703.0) 15 Urban Holding (KP 703.0 to KP 703.4) 15 Heavy Industrial (KP 703.4 to KP 704.2) 15
Sources: 1 Johnson pers. comm. 6 Nieman pers. comm. 11 Fox pers. comm. 2 Davis pers. comm. 7 Haug pers. comm. 12 Hicks pers. comm. 3 Giles pers. comm. 8 Stronski pers. comm. 13 Meadows pers. comm. 4 Rieter pers. comm. 9 Sagen pers. comm. 14 Rollie pers. comm. 5 Olson pers. comm. 10 Dean pers. comm. 15 City of Regina 1992
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Agriculture is the dominant land use along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina. Commonly grown crops along the route include wheat, barley, flax, canola and mustard (Risula, Robertshaw, Hovdestad, Graniak, Ippolito, Barclay pers. comm.). Traditionally, the specialty crops grown along the route have included peas, lentils and canary seed. However, these crops are susceptible to market value changes and, therefore, their presence and abundance may change from year to year.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses three Conservation and Development Areas and four Irrigation Districts (Table 4.17). The route crosses one Conservation and Development Area with a Crown land reservation from KP 508.1 to KP 508.6 (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997). Irrigated lands are indicated on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Methods of irrigation include centre pivot, wheel move and flood irrigation.
The pipeline route from KP 502.9 to KP 536 crosses the Lake Diefenbaker Reservoir Development Area (RDA), however, the route does not encounter the restricted building area (Rural Municipality of Fertile Valley No. 285 1983).
TABLE 4.17
CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS AND IRRIGATION DISTRICTS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Irrigation District/Conservation and Development Areas Status 414.7 to 419.4 Green Lake Conservation Development Area # 116 Active 445.5 to 449.5 Jerome Conservation Development Area #120 Dormant 494.7 to 505 Macrorie Irrigation District #69 Active 505 to 519.9 South Saskatchewan River Irrigation District Active 588 to 597.2 Brownlee Irrigation District #78 Active 655 to 657 Qu'Appelle River Conservation Development Area #139 Dormant 657 to 664 Rocky Lake Irrigation District #74 Active
Sources: Saskatchewan Water Corporation 1997 Barisow pers. comm., Varva pers. comm.
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The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses the Elbow PFRA Pasture (KP 560.4 to KP 566.3), Macrorie (KP 503.3 to KP 505), Dry Creek (KP 587.4 to KP 590.8) and Willow Bluff (KP 596.3 to KP 598.3) grazing co-ops as well as Crown land pastures along the South Saskatchewan River (Hovdestad pers. comm.). Crown lands with reservations regarding livestock grazing, including PFRA pasture that are traversed by the pipeline route are listed in Table 4.18.
TABLE 4.18
GRAZING RESERVATIONS ON CROWN LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Community Pastures Contacts 504.2-505 NE 36-27-8 W3M Macrorie Grazing Co-op – Box 801, Outlook 505-505.8 NW 31-27-7 W3M Macrorie Grazing Co-op – Box 801, Outlook 560.4-561.4 NE, SE 35-24-3 W3M Elbow PFRA 562.4-563.4 NE 25-24-3 W3M Elbow PFRA 563.4-565.2 NW, SE, SW 30-24-2 W3M Elbow PFRA 565.2-565.3 NE 19-24-2 W3M Elbow PFRA 565.3-566.3 NW 20-24-2 W3M Elbow PFRA 587.4-587.6 SW 16-23-29 W2M Dry Creek Grazing Co-op - Craik 587.6-589 NE, NW 9-23-29 W2M Dry Creek Grazing Co-op - Craik
Source: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997
Industrial and Natural Resource Use Licensed water users registered at or within 10 km downstream of the water crossings along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina are identified in Table 4.19. In addition, the Town of Outlook has a municipal water intake approximately 17 km downstream of the South Saskatchewan River crossing. The route traverses an area with a Crown land reservation for water rights by the Macrorie Grazing Co-op from KP 504.2 to KP 505 (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997).
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses several areas with aggregate potential. Aggregate resources along the route are listed in Table 4.20. Crown land with reservations regarding aggregates and quarries are identified in Table 4.21.
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TABLE 4.19
LICENSED WATER USERS REGISTERED WITHIN 10 KM DOWNSTREAM OF WATER CROSSINGS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Watercourse Legal Licensed Water User Type 425.9 Eagle Creek NW 34-30-15 W3M Hutterite Brethren of Irrigation Rosetown NE 35, NW 36-30-15 Town of Rosetown Municipal Wells W3M 467 Macdonald Creek NW 8-30-10 W3M John H. Millar Domestic SW 6-30-10 W3M Henry G. Adair Domestic NE 26-29-11 W3M R.M. of Milden Municipal 505.2 South Saskatchewan NE 16-29-8 W3M Outlook Municipal River SW 16-29-8 W3M Outlook Regional Park Sprinkler Irrigation NE 16-29-8 W3M PFRA (Outlook Farm) Freeflood Irrigation SE 28-28-8 W3M Leslie W. Sjovold Sprinkler Irrigation NW 31-27-7 W3M Murray G. Albert Sprinkler Irrigation NW 9-29-8 W3M William C. Vavra Sprinkler Irrigation NE 5-29-8 W3M William Gottselig Sprinkler Irrigation 657 Qu’Appelle River NE 13-19-23 W2M Hutterian Brethren of Municipal Arm River Colony SW 31-19-22 W2M Disley West Water Irrigation Users NE 13-19-23 W2M Hutterian Brethren of Irrigation Arm River Colony NE 13-29-23 W2M Hutterian Brethren of Irrigation Arm River Colony NW 14-19-23 W2M William Young Irrigation NW 14-29-23 W2M Alan Colven Irrigation NE 8-19-23 W2M Hutterian Brethren of Irrigation Belle Plain Inc. NE 8-19-23 W2M Rocky Lake Water Irrigation User’s Association NW 8-19-23 W2M David & Douglas Irrigation Colven NE 7-19-23 W2M David Colven Irrigation 679.5 Cottonwood Creek SW 23-18-22 W2M William Young Irrigation SW 23-18-22 W2M Cottonwood Farms Irrigation Ltd. NW 23-18-22 W2M Cottonwood Farms Irrigation Ltd. NE 25-18-22 W2M Donald Williamson Surface Water SW 25-18-22 W2M George Howland Surface Water SE 36-18-22 W2M Victor Volk Surface Water SE 25-18-22 W2M Ralph Weber Surface Water SE 19-18-21 W2M Reginald Carey Surface Water NW 21-18-21 W2M Richard Becker Surface Water SE 17-18-21 W2M Hubbert Beatty Irrigation NW 9-18-21 W2M Ray Wiks Irrigation SE 16-18-21 W2M Mervyn Brown Surface Water NW 25-17-22 W2M Oliver Symes Surface Water SE 19-17-21 W2M James Tanner Irrigation
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TABLE 4.19 Cont’d
KP Watercourse Legal Licensed Water User Type NE 2-1-11 W2M Ole Tenold Surface Water NW 6-17-21 W2M Green Jade Camp Surface Water Park NE 6-18-21 W2M Mervyn Brown Irrigation 689.5 Wascana Creek NW 9-18-21 W2M Ray Wiks Surface Water SE 17-18-21 W2M Hubbert Beatty Surface Water NW 21-18-21 W2M Richard Baker Surface Water NW 21-18-21 W2M Winding Creek Farm Surface Water SW 3-19-21 W2M JR Tree Farm Surface Water SW 3-19-21 W2M Nelson Huston Surface Water NW 3-19-21 W2M Jay Blackmore Surface Water NW 4-19-21 W2M John Gillmore Surface Water NE 5-19-21 W2M James Bence Surface Water NW 7-19-21 W2M Karl Gaver Surface Water
Sources: Grojczyk, Pilon, Leniuk and Siba pers. comm.
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TABLE 4.20
AGGREGATE RESOURCES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Resource Potential 393 to 394.2 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 425 to 426.3 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 466.6 to 468.1 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 517.2 to 541 Mixed sand and gravel Low 554.2 to 566.4 Sand with isolated gravel pockets High 584.6 to 586.1 Mixed sand and gravel High 586.1 to 587 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 587 to 600.7 Mixed sand and gravel High 595 to 596 Sand and/or gravel pit location - - - 613.1 to 614.2 Mixed sand and gravel Low 614.2 to 615.9 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 615.9 to 619 Mixed sand and gravel High 619 to 626.2 Mixed sand and gravel Low 654.8 to 658.3 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 661.7 to 662.5 Mixed sand and gravel High 662.5 to 663.4 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 673.8 to 678 Mixed sand and gravel Low
Sources: Saskatchewan Research Council 1986a,b, 1987a,b
TABLE 4.21
AGGREGATE RESOURCES ON CROWN LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Sand and Gravel 501.7 to 502.5 SE 2-28-8 W3M 505.8 to 506.7 NE, SE 31-27-7 W3M 506.7 to 508 SE, SW 32-27-7 W3M 508.1 to 508.6 NE 29-27-7 W3M 508.6 to 509.4 NW, SE 28-27-7 W3M 509.6 to 510.5 510.5 to 511.3 SW 27-27-7 W3M 511.3 to 511.4 NW 22-27-7 W3M 594 to 594.3 NW, SE 35-22-29 W2M 595.1 to 595.4 595.4 to 596.9 SE, SW 36-22-29 W2M Quarry Agreements 595.4 to 596.3 SW 36-22-29 W2M 596.9 to 597.2 NE 25-22-29 W2M
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Source: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997
Outdoor Activities Recreational opportunities along the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina are limited since most lands have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1971d, 1972e,f, 1973d) as ranging from having moderately low (Class 5) to low (Class 6) capability for recreation. The banks and areas around the South Saskatchewan River (KP 504 to KP 508) provide access to the river for canoe tripping, camping and angling for sport fish. Lands adjacent to the Qu’Appelle River valley (KP 653 to KP 659) provide a vantage point which offers a superior view relative to the lands around it. Although recreational use is not a management priority for the Elbow PFRA pasture (KP 560.4 to KP 566.3), the pasture does receive considerable amount of use by deer hunters as well as opportunities for nature interpretation and viewing of grassland bird species (Thorpe and Godwin 1992).
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses WMZs 20, 23 to 25, and 27 to 29 (Table 4.22) (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a). The big game hunting season for white-tailed deer extends from early September to early December. The mule deer hunting season extends from early September to mid-October.
TABLE 4.22
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ZONES TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Wildlife Management Zone (WMZ) 351.3 to 368.2, 27 381.5 to 395.6 368.2 to 381.5, 395.6 to 25 404.1, 414 to 429.9 404.1 to 414 28 429.9 to 467.2 29 467.2 to 505.2 24 505.9 to 626 23 626 to 704.2 20
Source: Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a
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Game bird hunting seasons for sharp-tailed grouse, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, gray (Hungarian) partridge and pheasants generally extend from early September to early November. There is a late season for Saskatchewan residents to hunt gray (Hungarian) partridge and pheasant in December as well. The season for sandhill cranes extends through the month of September. The game bird hunting season for ducks, coots, snipe and geese occurs from early September to mid-December. The pipeline route traverses the Wascana Flock Goose Restriction Area which buffers the City of Regina. Canada geese may not be hunted in this area (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a). The area in, on, or within 500 m of the South Saskatchewan River's edge is closed to all game bird hunting until mid-November.
The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina lies within the Southern Management Zone for fishing. All watercourses are open to sport fishing from early May to late March (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999b).
Trappers and guides within Saskatchewan are not assigned geographical areas. The pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina traverses lands open to trapping and guiding by permission of the landowner (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a).
4.7 Socio-Economics
The following subsection describes the socio-economic factors of select communities located near the pipeline route from Kerrobert to Regina. Recent statistics for each community, including total labour force, have been provided by Saskatchewan Rural Development (1989, 1990, 1992). Table 4.23 provides a summary of the services available in communities located in the vicinity of the route.
The Town of Kerrobert, which has a population of 1,127, is located 7.5 km northwest of the pipeline near KP 351. Access is via Highways 31, 51 and 21 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Canadian Pacific Railway services the Town of Kerrobert. The town is located in R.M. of Progress No. 351. The major economic base of Kerrobert is oil and gas extraction, and agriculture (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The community of Dodsland is located 0.2 km north of the pipeline route in the Rural Municipality of Winslow No. 319 near KP 368. Dodsland has a population of 234 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access to the community is by Highway 31. Dodsland is also serviced by Canadian National Railway. The economic base is defined by agriculture and oil operations. The labour force totals 104 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
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TABLE 4.23
COMMUNITY PROFILES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Rail Service Schools Recreation Hotels/Motels Campgrounds Bus Courier Play- Field No. of Total Serviced COMMUNITY Population Airport CN CP Service Service Taxis Public Separate Clinics Hospitals Fire Police Ambulance Arena Curling grounds Baseball Sports Library Golf Pool No. rooms No. Sites Sites Restaurants Shopping Banks Kerrobert 1,127 Y N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y Y Y 3 90 U U N 6 Y 2 Dodsland 234 N Y N N U U Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U U U Y Y N 1 6 U U N U U 2 Plenty 134 Y Y N N U U Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y U Y U Y N N 1 U U U N U U 1 Kindersley 4,979 Y Y N Y U N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 5 201+ 1 42 Y 20 Y 5 Rosetown 2,571 Y Y Y Y U N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y Y Y 3 78 1 U N 9 Y 4 Outlook 2,227 Y N Y Y U Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 3 32+ 1 36 Y 2 Y 4 Elbow 309 Y N Y Y U U Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y U U U Y Y N 2 20 2 U N U U 1 Davidson 1105 Y Y N Y U N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 3 19+ 1 U N 7 Y 2 Craik 456 N Y N Y U N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y U Y Y Y 1 16 1 66 Y 3 Y 1 Moose Jaw 34,115 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 13 349+ 4 82+ Y 58 Y 9 Bethune 405 N Y N Y U U Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y U U Y Y N N 1 U U U N U U 2 Lumsden 1,641 N Y N Y U N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y N N 1 10 1 28 Y 4 Y 2 Regina 179,584 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 20 2,405+ 4 359+ Y 297 Y 11+
Sources: Tourism Saskatchewan 1997 Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989, 1990, 1992
NOTES: Y = Yes N = No U = Unknown 4-35
The community of Plenty, which has a population of 134 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is located 4.5 km northeast of the pipeline route near KP 381. The community is located in the Rural Municipality of Winslow No. 319. Access to the community is by Highway 31. Plenty is serviced by the Canadian National Railway, and has a local landing strip, however, the nearest commercial airport is located in Kindersley. The major economic base is agriculture, gravel and oil (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The community of Kindersley is situated approximately 42 km from the pipeline route near KP 368. Kindersley lies within the Rural Municipality of Kindersley No. 290. The population of Kindersley is 4,979 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Canadian National Railway provides service to the community, and access by road is via Highways 7 and 21. Kindersley also has a paved and lighted airstrip. The major economic base of Kindersley is agriculture and the oil industry (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The Town of Rosetown is located 3.5 km southwest of the pipeline route near KP 434. Rosetown is situated in the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews No. 287 and has a population of 2,571 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access is via Highways 4, 7, 15 and 31. Rosetown is also serviced by both the Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. A paved, lighted airstrip is located 3.2 km from Rosetown. The major economic base of Rosetown is agriculture. The town’s labour force is 1,399 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The Town of Outlook is situated adjacent to the South Saskatchewan River, 12 km northeast of the pipeline route near KP 488. Outlook is located in the Rural Municipality of Fertile Valley No. 285 and has a population of 2,227 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access to the community is by Highway 15. Outlook is served by Canadian Pacific Railway and also has a 671 m long sod airstrip. The predominant economic base is agriculture. Outlook has a labour force of 1,132 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The community of Elbow is situated 8.5 km south of the pipeline route near KP 536. The community is located in the Municipal District of Loreburn No. 254 and has a population of 309 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access is via Highway No. 19. The community is served by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Elbow has an 800 m long turf landing strip, however, the nearest commercial airport is in Davidson. The major economic base is agriculture and the total labour force is 141 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The Town of Davidson, population 1,105 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is located approximately 30 km from the pipeline route near KP 563. Davidson is between Saskatoon and Regina in the Rural Municipality of Arm River No. 252. Access is via Highways 11 and 44. The Canadian National Railway provides service to Davidson. Davidson has a gravel
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commercial airport. The major economic base is agriculture and industry (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The Town of Craik, which has a population of 456 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is located 35.2 km north of the pipeline route near KP 615. Craik is situated in the Rural Municipality of Craik No. 222. Access to the town is via Highway 11 and it is serviced by Canadian National Railway. The town’s economic base is defined by agriculture. The total labour force is 277 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The City of Moose Jaw, population 34,115, is located 30 km south of the pipeline, near KP 644. Access is via Highways 1, 2, 39 and 363 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Both Canadian Pacific and Canadian National Railway provide service to Moose Jaw. The city is located in the R.M. of Moose Jaw No. 161. The major economic base of Moose Jaw is agriculture and manufacturing (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1990).
The community of Bethune is located 10.4 km north of the pipeline route near KP 648. Bethune is situated in the Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190 and has a population of 405 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access to Bethune is by Highway 11. The community is served by Canadian National Railway. The major economic base is agriculture and gravel is also a predominant resource. The total labour force is 133 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The Town of Lumsden is situated adjacent to the Qu’Appelle River in the Rural Municipality of Pense No. 160. Lumsden is located 16.9 km northeast of the pipeline route at approximately KP 674. The town has a population of 1,641 and access is via Highway 11 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Lumsden is served by Canadian National Railway. The major economic base is agriculture. The total labour force is 970 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The portion of the pipeline route from KP 695.8 to KP 704.2 is situated within the City of Regina. Regina is the capital of Saskatchewan and has a population of 179,584 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). The city is situated midway between Calgary and Winnipeg on the TransCanada Highway. Highways 6 and 11 also provide access to the city. Scheduled airline service is available to all major centres in Canada and the United States. Regina has all the amenities and services of a large city. It is served by Canadian National Railway. Agriculture is the major economic base of Regina, however, the city is also a steel centre as well as a petroleum refining and distribution point. The estimated total labour force is 80,107 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
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The pipeline route traverses numerous primary and secondary highways as well as both Canadian Pacific (CP) and Canadian National (CN) rail lines (Table 4.24). An extensive network of primary and secondary highways as well as local and municipal roads provide access throughout the rural areas. Commercial air passenger and air freight services are provided by a number of Canadian and US carriers at the Regina International Airport as well as the airport in Saskatoon.
TABLE 4.24
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
KP Primary Highway Secondary Highway Railway 343.4 Hwy. 21, 31 ------347.25 ------CP 365.65 ------CP/CN 368.2 Hwy. 31 ------381.55 Hwy. 31 ------392.95 ------CP 395.6 Hwy. 31 ------404.1 Hwy. 31 ------414 Hwy. 31 ------429.85 Hwy. 4 ------436.8 ------CN 464.2 ------CP 467.25 Hwy. 15 ------468.35 Hwy. 42 --- CN 496.45 Hwy. 45 ------519.95 --- Hwy. 219 --- 520.95 Hwy. 44 ------536.6 Hwy. 44 ------536.6 ------CP 538.1 Hwy. 19 ------626 Hwy. 2 ------656.5 --- Hwy. 354 --- 701.5 Hwy. 11 ------701.5 Hwy. 6 ------
4.8 Heritage Resources
The pipeline route along this segment traverses areas considered to have medium to high potential for archaeological sites. Sections of the route with concentrations of recorded archaeological sites include areas near Kerrobert, Eagle Creek, the South Saskatchewan River, the Qu'Appelle River, High Hill Creek and Wascana Creek. Thirty-four archaeological sites have been previously recorded within or adjacent to the right-of-way (Table 4.25).
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TABLE 4.25
HERITAGE RESOURCES SITES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Site KP Number Site Type Comments 343.7 ElOg2 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite biface, retouched flake 359.8 EkOf2 historic - homestead Remains of a homestead 365.4 EkOf1 precontact - artifact find Quartzite biface 383.4 EkOd7 precontact - artifact find Quartzite core 392.4 EkOd3 precontact - recurrent feature Two cairns 395 EkOc2 precontact - artifact scatter Biface fragments, flake fragments, quartz scatter 405.9 EkOb2 precontact - artifact find Piece of chert shatter 424.7 EjOa4 precontact - single feature Stone cairn 426.1 EjOa5 precontact - artifact find Bison skull fragment, flake 462.8 EiNv13 precontact - artifact find Two chert flakes and quartzite flake 463.2 EiNv14 precontact - artifact scatter Approximately 100 artifacts were observed on three knolls 467.4 EiNu1 precontact - recurrent feature Stone features, flakes 481.1 EiNt4 precontact - artifact find Quartzite flake 500.5 EiNs18 precontact - artifact find Retouched quartz piece 501.5 EiNs17 precontact - artifact find Quartzite flake 505.7 EiNr5 precontact - artifact scatter Biface, five flakes, bone fragments 554.2 EgNo36 precontact - recurrent feature Stone circles 558.8 EgNo23 precontact - artifact scatter Artifacts, lithics, bone and firebroken rock 570.6 EgNn3 precontact - artifact find Two quartzite flakes 573.9 EgNm2 precontact - artifact scatter Bone, firebroken rock, cores, pieces of shatter, flakes and a quartzite spall 585.4 EfNm15 precontact - artifact find Quartzite and chert flakes 590.6 EfNl8 precontact - artifact find Piece of retouched chert 612.3 EeNk10 precontact - artifact scatter Bone fragments, quartzite core, quartzite flake and two chert flakes 653.2 EdNh21 precontact - artifact scatter Chert shatter, chalcedony flake, bone fragments, ceramic, glass 653.5 EdNh22 precontact - potential burial Stone feature 653.9 EdNh20 precontact - artifact find Chert core 666.9 EdNg6 precontact - artifact scatter Projectile points, lithics, bone and firebroken rock 667.3 EdNg23 precontact - artifact scatter Bone, firebroken rock and lithics 668.1 EdNg24 precontact - artifact find Retouched chert piece 687.2 EcNe21 precontact - artifact scatter Scraper, retouched flakes, flake fragments, chert shatter 688.1 EcNe1 precontact - artifact scatter Flakes, clam shell fragments 688.8 EcNe10 precontact - artifact scatter Firebroken rock, bison bone, lithics 689.8 EcNe11 precontact - isolated find Chert flake 694.7 EcNe18 precontact - artifact scatter Bone fragments, cores, chopper, historic items
Source: Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997b, 1998b
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5.0 REGINA TERMINAL TO CROMER TERMINAL
The following describe the environmental and socio-economic setting along the Enbridge right-of-way from the Regina Terminal to the Cromer Terminal. This segment of the Enbridge right-of-way was assessed in the Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact Assessment for the Terrace Phase I Expansion Program and submitted to the NEB in 1997. Kilometre post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along Enbridge’s existing right-of-way from the Regina Terminal (KP 704.2) to the Cromer Terminal (KP 958.9).
5.1 Physiography and Geology
Physiography Physiographic characteristics assist in the identification of topographic features and surficial deposits traversed by the pipeline route. Physiographic Regions traversed by the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer are listed in Table 5.1. The Moose Mountain Upland is a region of higher elevation compared to the generally flat to undulating neighbouring regions, and is characterized by thick hummocky till deposits (Stelfox 1979).
TABLE 5.1
PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Physiographic Region Subdivisions 704.2 to 732 Saskatchewan Plains Assiniboine River Plain 732 to 907 Saskatchewan Plains Moose Mountain Upland 907 to 958.9 Saskatchewan Plains Souris River Plain
Sources: Stelfox 1979, Flory 1980, Hart and Stelfox 1981
Bedrock Geology This subsection identifies the types of bedrock that may be encountered along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer and the likelihood of encounter, if known. Bedrock geology is the precursor to surficial deposits and soils and, consequently, has an influence on the chemistry of the soil profile within trench depth.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer is underlain by the Bearpaw Formation from KP 718 to KP 756 and the Riding Mountain Formation from KP 704 to KP 718 and KP 756 to KP 959 (Macdonald and Broughton 1980, Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba
5-1
Minerals Division 1994). Both formations are Cretaceous aged. The marine Bearpaw Formation is composed of grey silty clay and shale that is locally concretionary and bentonitic with glauconitic sand tongues and 250 to 400 m thick (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The marine Riding Mountain Formation is composed of 150 to 250 m of silty clay and shale that is grey-green in colour, locally bentonitic and concretionary near the base, with a silicified Odanah member (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
Surficial Geology Soils are developed from surficial deposits. The characteristics of surficial deposits are related to potential concerns such as compaction and rutting, trench stability, erosion hazard and topography.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses a variety of surficial deposits of both glacial and post-glacial origin, as identified in Table 5.2.
The surficial deposits east of Regina (KP 704.2 to KP 731) are composed of small segments of glacial lacustrine, glacial fluvial and alluvial deposits. The surficial geology along the remainder of the route from KP 731 to Cromer at KP 959 is dominated by glacial till, interspersed with small regions of glacial fluvial deposits (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b,c,d, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
Glacial lacustrine deposits consisting of silt and clay occur along the route from KP 704 to KP 711. The glacial lacustrine deposits east of Regina also have undulating topography that rarely exceeds 3 m in relief (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b)
Undulating topography continues from KP 711 to KP 720 and KP 728 to KP 730 where alluvial surficial deposits occur. Alluvial deposits are fine-textured and frequently flat and poorly drained (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The sandy glacial fluvial and glacial lacustrine deposits that occur from KP 720 to KP 723, KP 725 to KP 728 and KP 730 to KP 731 are also in an area of undulating topography with a relief of less than 3 m (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b,c,d).
Glacial till, in the form of stagnation and washed moraines, is composed predominantly of unsorted coarse textured materials and dominates a small portion of the route from KP 723 to KP 725 as well as several longer segments (KP 731 to KP 781, KP 783 to KP 800, KP 803 to KP 905, KP 909 to KP 916, KP 920.5 to KP 925.5, KP 927 to KP 932, KP 934 to KP 940, KP 944 to KP 950.5 and KP 957 to KP 959) (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b,c,d, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
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TABLE 5.2
PREDOMINANT SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND TOPOGRAPHY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Depositional KP (approx.) Surficial Deposit Environment Topography/Local Relief 704 to 711 glacial lacustrine fine-textured lacustrine undulating topography deposits 711 to 720 alluvium fine-textured alluvial undulating topography deposits 720 to 723 glacial fluvial / ice-contact fluvial / undulating topography lacustrine lacustrine deposits 723 to 725 glacial till washed moraine undulating topography 725 to 728 glacial fluvial / ice-contact fluvial / undulating topography lacustrine lacustrine deposits 728 to 730 alluvium fine-textured alluvial undulating topography deposits 730 to 731 glacial fluvial / ice-contact fluvial / undulating topography lacustrine lacustrine deposits 731 to 781 glacial till washed moraine / undulating to gently rolling stagnation moraine topography 781 to 783 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits strongly rolling hummocky terrain 783 to 800 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating topography 800 to 803 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating to gently rolling hummocky topography 803 to 905 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating to gently rolling topography 905 to 909 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating topography 909 to 916 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating topography 916 to 920.5 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating topography 920.5 to 925.5 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating hummocky topography 925.5 to 927 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating hummocky topography 927 to 932 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating hummocky topography 932 to 934 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating hummocky topography 934 to 940 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating hummocky topography 940 to 944 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating hummocky topography 944 to 950.5 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating hummocky topography 950.5 to 957 glacial fluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits undulating hummocky topography 957 to 959 glacial till stagnation moraine undulating hummocky topography
Sources: Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b,c,d Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981
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The portion of the route from KP 723 to KP 725 and KP 731 to KP 735 primarily traverses lands formed by till deposits surficially washed by glacial meltwaters, resulting in a high proportion of coarse materials at the surface (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Most of the rest of the glacial till that occurs from KP 735 to KP 959 at Cromer is dominated by unsorted deposits with a topography of undulating till plains, some rolling moraine, knobs and kettles, and other topographic variations (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b,c,d, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
Localized areas of glacial fluvial deposits are frequently crossed the route (KP 781 to KP 783, KP 800 to KP 803, KP 905 to KP 909, KP 916 to KP 920.5, KP 925.5 to KP 927, KP 932 to KP 934, KP 940 to KP 944, KP 950.5 to KP 957) (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c,d, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981). The glacial fluvial deposits are coarser in texture and sorted or stratified by water (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c).
Glacial meltwater channels are traversed by the route at the following three locations: KP 820 to KP 821; Little Pipestone Creek (KP 906.6 to KP 907.8); and Pipestone Creek (KP 951 to KP 951.6) (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c,d, Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer lies south of the region where perennially frozen ground is typically present and at too low of an elevation for alpine permafrost to be a consideration (Geo-Engineering (M.S.T.) Ltd. 1997a).
Palaeontological Resources The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses near surface bedrock of Cretaceous age for its entire length. The Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale contains significant and rich marine reptile and Cretaceous bird fauna remains (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997). Quaternary gravels may also provide good potential for the occurrence of Quaternary vertebrates such as mammoth, bison, elk, sheep and perhaps Cervus . No areas of high palaeontological potential were identified on the pipeline route between Regina and Cromer (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997).
5.2 Soils
This subsection identifies the soil types that are encountered along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer as well as any soil characteristics which may be of concern during construction, such as erosion risk, problem subsoils and susceptibility to compaction.
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A summary of selected soil characteristics and their implications to pipeline construction are presented in Table 5.3. Typical soil profiles from samples examined along the pipeline route are provided in the Soil Survey and Reclamation Suitability Evaluation for the Terrace Expansion Phase I Program (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997) previously filed with the NEB. Detailed mapping of individual soil units are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets in the 1997 Terrace Phase I Application.
The Canada Land Inventory (1966a, 1967b,c, 1968c) has rated the capability of soils along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer for agriculture. Table 5.4 identifies lands with no (Class 1) to moderately severe (Class 3) limitations to the production of agriculture along this route. The Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all Canada Land Classification soil capability ratings along the route.
The Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) and Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) have rated the soils along the route from Regina to Cromer (Table 5.5). Within each province, a Class A soil is considered to be the highest productive soil with each following class representing slightly less productive soils than the previous class. The soil productivity rating incorporates numerous land productivity concepts including climate, soil profile, soil texture, organic matter, salinity, topography and erosion.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses an area of organic soils from KP 793.1 to KP 794.8 (Brenner pers. comm.).
5.3 Hydrology and Fish
This subsection identifies the watercourses traversed by the route, the typical flows likely to occur throughout the year and the fish found in the watercourses to determine any timing constraints for instream activity.
Hydrology The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer crosses the Assiniboine River watershed. Watercourses crossed by the pipeline route are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Historical streamflow data are available for three of the watercourses crossed by the route. Table 5.6 provides a summary of this streamflow information and Appendix A presents a graphical presentation of the data. Agricultural drainage ditches traversed by this segment of the route are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
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TABLE 5.3
SUMMARY OF SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Colour Erosion Hazards Differentiation Susceptible to Topsoil Between Soil Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Depth Topsoil and Compaction Susceptible to Trench Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class Range (cm) Subsoil Wind Water and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns AQ Asquith O.DB GF LS R 15-45 good H S-M No Yes -- shAQ shallow O.DB GF/T LS/L-CL W-R 25 good H S No Yes - surface stoniness may be Asquith increased due to underlying till AV Alluvium CU.HR F L-SL W-I 25-30 good M-H S No No - may have thin layers of sand or gravel BG Biggar O.DB GF SL-gvS W-R 15-20 good H S No Yes - gravels may be encountered at shallow depths BR Bradwell O.DB GF SL W 25-30 good H S No Yes -- shBR shallow O.DB GF/T SL/L-CL W 30-45 good H S No Yes - surface stoniness may be Bradwell increased due to underlying till CD Cudworth O.BL-R.BL GL L-SiCL W-MW 30 good M S No No -- saCD saline saO.BL-saR.BL GL L-SiCL MW 15-70 good M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- Cudworth vegetation efforts scCD Cudworth with O.BL-R.BL GL L-SiCL W-MW 15-20 good M S No No - saline lower subsoil saline lower subsoil shCD shallow O.BL-R.BL GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 15-35 good M S No No - surface stoniness may be Cudworth increased due to underlying till CZK Cazlake R.HG-O.HG T CL-C P 20-60 good-fair S S Yes Yes - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet saCZK saline Cazlake saR.HG- T CL-C P 15-35 good-fair S S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- 5-6 saO.HG vegetation efforts
- susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet FG Forget O.DB T L-SL W 10-25 good M-H S-H No No - sometimes very stony and sandy textured saFG saline Forget saO.DB T L-SL W 25 good M-H S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts FK Flat Lake saR.HG T L-CL P 15-50 good M S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts - susceptible to trench instability when excessively wet GN Glenavon O.BL-R.BL GL/T L-C/CL W-MW 5-20 good M S Yes No - only finer textured members are susceptible to soil compaction glGN gleyed GL.BL-GLR.BL GL/T L-C/CL I 25 good M S Yes Yes - susceptible to trench instability Glenavon and soil compaction when excessively wet OBO Osborne R.HG GL SiCL-C P 20-65 good-fair M S Yes Yes - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet saOBO saline saR.HG GL SiCL-C P 15-40 good-fair M S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- Osborne vegetation efforts - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet OX Oxbow O.BL-R.BL T L-CL W-MW 15-25 excellent M S No No -- saOX saline Oxbow saO.BL-saR.BL T L-CL MW 15 good M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts scOX Oxbow with O.BL-R.BL T L-CL W-MW 10-15 excellent M S No No - saline lower subsoil saline lower subsoil stOX stony Oxbow O.BL-R.BL T stL-stCL W-MW 10-20 excellent M S-M No No - stony conditions may hamper topsoil stripping procedures RA Regina CAR.DB-R.DB GL C-HC MW 15-20 poor M-H S Yes No --
TABLE 5.3 Cont’d
Colour Erosion Hazards Differentiation Susceptible to Topsoil Between Soil Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Depth Topsoil and Compaction Susceptible to Trench Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class Range (cm) Subsoil Wind Water and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns saRA saline Regina saCAR.DB- GL C-HC MW 15 poor M-H S Yes No - Saline subsoil may hinder re- saR.DB vegetation efforts scRA Regina with CAR.DB-R.DB GL C-HC MW 15 poor M-H S Yes No - saline lower subsoil saline lower subsoil SF Swift Creek R.BL-O.BL GF-T L-gvLS W 0-30 good M-H S No Possible* - variable textured; often sandy, gravelly or stony saSF saline Swift saR.BL-saO.BL GF-T L-gvLS W 15-35 good M-H S No Possible* - variable textured; often sandy, Creek gravelly or stony - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts shSF shallow Swift R.BL-O.BL GF-T/T L-gvLS/L-CL W 20-25 good M-H S No Possible* - variable textured; often sandy, Creek gravelly or stony in upper material WC Wascana CAR.DB GL L-SiCL W-MW 15-20 fair-good M S No No -- saWC saline saCAR.DB GL L-SiCL W-MW 10 fair-good M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- Wascana vegetation efforts WH Whitewood O.DG-R.DG T L-CL W-MW 10-20 good M S-M No No -- WN Windthorst O.BL-R.BL T-GF L-SL W 10-35 excellent H S No No - variable textured soil glWN gleyed GL.BL-GLR.BL T-GF L-SL I 30 excellent H S No Yes - susceptible to unstable trench Windthorst walls when excessively wet shWN shallow O.BL-R.BL T-GF/T L-SL/L-CL W 20-35 excellent H S No No -- Windthorst WR Weyburn O.DB-R.DB T L-CL W-MW 10-30 good M S-M No No -- saWR saline saO.DB- T L-CL W-MW 10-20 good M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- Weyburn saR.DB vegetation efforts scWR Weyburn with O.DB-R.DB T L-CL W-MW 15-30 good M S No No - saline lower subsoil saline lower subsoil WS Whitesand O.BL GF LS-cS R 15-20 excellent H S No Yes -- 5- 7
Soil Classification: Texture Class: Drainage Class:
gl - gleyed CAR.DB - Calcareous Rego Dark Brown C - Clay R - Rapidly gv - gravelly CU.HR - Cumulic Humic Regosol CL - Clay Loam W - Well sa - saline GL.BL - Gleyed Black HC - Heavy Clay MW - Moderately Well sc - saline lower subsoil GLR.BL - Gleyed Rego Black L - Loam I - Imperfectly sh - shallow O.BL - Orthic Black SiCL - Silty Clay Loam P - Poorly st - stony O.DB - Orthic Dark Brown SL - Sandy Loam O.DG - Orthic Dark Grey LS - Loamy Sand Parent Material O.HG - Orthic Humic Gleysol S - Sand R.BL - Rego Black SL - Sandy Loam F - fluvial R.DB - Rego Dark Brown GF - glaciofluvial R.DG - Rego Dark Gray c - coarse GL - glaciolacustrine R.HG - Rego Humic Gleysol gv - gravelly T - till st - stony Erosion Hazards:
S - Slight M - Moderate H - High
______
* Susceptible to trench wall instability when sandy textured material is greater than 50-60 cm thick.
Sources: Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997
TABLE 5.4
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING AGRICULTURE
Location (KP) Class Limitations 704.2 to 710.1 2 Adverse climate 710.1 to 711 2, 3 Adverse climate and soil characteristics as well as excess water 711 to 714 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics, excess water and the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 714 to 720.5 3 Adverse soil characteristics 730.8 to 738.4 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 738.4 to 739.8 3 Adverse soil characteristics 739.8 to 747.2 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 747.2 to 751 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics, stoniness and excess water 751 to 754.7 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 754.7 to 757.4 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics, stoniness and excess water 757.4 to 782.4 3,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 787.8 to 795.6 2,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 795.6 to 800.5 3,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 800.5 to 819.7 2, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 820.5 to 847.2 2, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 847.2 to 856.6 2,3,5 Adverse soil characteristics, topography, excess water and the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics 856.6 to 871.3 2,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 873.1 to 881.8 2,3,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 881.8 to 906 2,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 908.3 to 934.3 2,5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 952 2,3,5 Adverse topography, erosion, excess water and the cumulative effect of 2 or more adverse characteristics
Notes: Class 2 – Soils that have moderate limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 3 – Soils that have moderately severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices. Class 5 – Soils that have very severe limitations that restrict their capability to producing perennial forage crops, and improvement practices are feasible. Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1966a, 1967b,c, 1968c
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TABLE 5.5
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS ALONG THE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Soil Productivity (% as Productive as
Location (KP) Rating Best Provincial Soils) Municipal Government 704.2 to 712.7 (Classes B to J) 45 – 84.9% R.M. of Sherwood 712.7 to 733.4 (Classes F to P) <24.9 – 64.9% R.M. of Edenwold 733.4 to 734.5 (Classes G to H) 50 – 59.9% R.M. of South Qu’Appelle 734.5 to 743.8 (Classes G to P) <24.9 – 59.9% R.M. of Lajord 743.8 to 776.2 (Classes G to M) 30 – 59.9% R.M. of Francis 776.2 to 807.1 (Classes F to M) 30 – 64.9% R.M. of Montmartre 807.1 to 837.1 (Classes F to H) 50 – 64.9% R.M. of Chester 837.1 to 867.6 (Classes G to L) 35 – 59.9% R.M. of Kingsley 867.6 to 876.1 (Classes G to H) 50 to 59.9% R.M. of Silverwood SASKATCHEWAN SASKATCHEWAN 876.1 to 898.8 (Classes F to J) 45 – 64.9% R.M. of Wawkin 898.8 to 921.1 (Classes G to O) 25 – 59.9% R.M. of Walpole 921.1 to 945 (Classes F to L) 35 – 64.9% R.M. of Maryfield
945 to 949.1 (Class F) N/A R.M. of Wallace
949.1 to 959 (Classes E 3, F 3, G 3) N/A R.M. of Pipestone MANITOBA MANITOBA
Notes: 1. Soil productivity ratings in Saskatchewan range from highest (A) to lowest (P) yielding soils with each subsequent class representing a slightly less productive class than the previous class. 2. Soil productivity ratings in Manitoba range from highest (A) to lowest (J) yielding soils with each subsequent class representing a slightly less productive class than the previous class. Numbers denote Risk Areas, which place areas with similar soils and/or climate into a common group. An “F” soil in Risk Area 1 may not have the same productivity as an “F” soil in Risk Area 3 due to climatic differences. Sources: Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation 1997 Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation 1997, Pascal pers. comm.
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TABLE 5.6
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW INFORMATION ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Mean Highest Lowest Approx. Annual Mean Mean Distance from Flow Month Month KP Watercourse Gauging Station Crossing (m 3/s) (m 3/s) (m 3/s) 932.1 Jackson Creek SW 17-4-26 WPM 14 km 0.215 April March to Near Melita downstream (16.9) October 942.5 Stony Creek NE 18-5-27 WPM 56 km upstream 0.224 April November to Near Broomhill 1 (1.35) January (0) 951.3 Pipestone NE 18-10-29 WPM 6 km upstream 0.704 April January Creek Near the Saskatchewan (3.15) (0.034) boundary
Note: 1 Regulated flow.
Source: Environment Canada 1994
Although some occasional use may occur, most of the watercourses crossed by the pipeline route are not likely to be used for recreational boating and, therefore, would not be considered as navigable waters. However, the navigability of Pipestone Creek has not recently been determined by DFO.
Surface Water Quality Surface water quality information for various inorganic, organic, physical and microbiological parameters was available for Jackson Creek, Little Pipestone Creek, Manybone Creek, and Montgomery Creek (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1997). Baseline data are presented as an average value over the reporting period for each watercourse and are compared to existing Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992) (see Appendix A).
Generally, most of the parameters tested for the aforementioned watercourses fall within the Canadian Water Quality Standards for drinking water, irrigation water and livestock drinking water (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992). The most notable exception is in relation to the microbiological parameters (see Appendix A). None of the watercourses meet the drinking water quality guidelines for total and fecal coliforms although Jackson Creek and Pipestone Creek fall within the livestock drinking water standard for total coliforms. Values recorded for total dissolved solids often exceeded the recommended standards for Canadian drinking water while remaining within the
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standards for irrigation and livestock drinking water. The values recorded from the downstream sampling site of Manybone Creek exceed the drinking water standard for sulphate, while the values recorded for the downstream sampling site of Little Pipestone Creek exceed the drinking water standard for chloride (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1997, Manitoba Environment 1997).
Ground Water Groundwater quality in Saskatchewan is variable due to the development of local flow systems from the knob and kettle topography and variations in the geologic material through which the water flows (Freeze 1969a). However, the semi-arid climate associated with southern Saskatchewan seems to have the strongest influence on groundwater chemistry (Freeze 1969b). Low rainfall and high evapotranspiration tend to concentrate salts in the soil and soil water. These minerals are leached into the groundwater during rain events (Freeze 1969a).
The groundwater in the vicinity of the pipeline route from the Manitoba border to the Cromer Terminal flows through sedimentary rocks of the western plains. In general the structural geology is fairly simple, meaning the chemical composition of the groundwater should be a reflection of the sediments through which the groundwater flows. Two different kinds of sand and gravel aquifers are encountered along the pipeline route (Table 5.7).
Fish This subsection provides a general summary of the fish species found in the watercourses crossed along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer. Determining the fish species present within the streams and rivers is critical to the development of appropriate mitigative measures for instream construction (if any). The watercourses with sport fish species of concern reported or collected and their respective spawning season are identified in Table 5.8. A Fish Habitat Assessment was conducted for most watercourses along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer by R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. (1998b) and is on file with the NEB.
5.4 Vegetation
This subsection describes the vegetation and ecoregions encountered along the route from Regina to Cromer and will assist in identifying any concerns associated with reclamation. In addition, rare plants potentially occurring along the route are identified. The potential for grass and bush fires along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer is dependent upon moisture and temperature. Therefore, fire hazard varies from year to year.
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TABLE 5.7
BEDROCK AQUIFERS ALONG THE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Aquifer Description 945 to 947 Few widely scattered Bedrock at or near ground surface or surficial deposits mainly minor sand and gravel of low permeability; groundwater problem area where bedrock aquifers aquifers do not exist 947 to 959 Alluvial and Aquifer size ranges from small thin pockets to some fairly thick glaciofluvial sand and and extensive aquifers; well yield ranges from 0.1 L/s to 50 L/s, gravel water quality is poor to good
Source: Manitoba Natural Resources 1987a
TABLE 5.8
SPORT FISH SPECIES REPORTED IN THE WATERCOURSES TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Watercourse KP Sport Fish Species Present Spawning Period Manybone Creek 740.5 None None Manybone Creek 742.3 None None Chapleau Lakes 783.3 NA NA Vipond Creek 820.3 None None Montgomery Creek 871.3 NA NA Little Pipestone Creek 907 None None Jackson Creek 932.3 NA NA Stony Creek 942.5 NA NA Pipestone Creek 951.3 NP, YP, WE Spring
Legend: NA = Information Not Available WE = Walleye NP = Northern Pike YP = Yellow Perch Sources: McCutcheon pers. comm., Wright pers. comm., R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. 1998b
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion from approximately KP 704 to KP 731. The remainder of the route traverses the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
East of Regina, the pipeline route traverses the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion is also used for agriculture with native vegetation confined to non- arable pasture lands. Speargrass and wheatgrass are common, as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild
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barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
The remainder of the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion. Typical native vegetation in this ecoregion consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs, and fescue grassland openings. However, native vegetation is no longer common since the high productivity of this ecoregion has resulted in large-scale clearing for agriculture. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly- drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
Weed control on agricultural land is of concern to farmers and local government agencies. Weed species of concern in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer include scentless chamomile, leafy spurge, Canada thistle and sow thistle (Pollock, McKell, Rapp pers. comm.).
Rare plants identified during rare plant surveys conducted in 1998 along the existing Enbridge right-of-way with native vegetation are presented in Table 5.9 (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Vascular plant species with special conservation status within the Moist Mixed Grassland and Aspen Parkland Ecoregions, as defined by Saskatchewan and Manitoba Conservation Data Centres and the Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, their habitat as well as the federal and provincial status are listed in Appendix B.
5.5 Wildlife
This subsection identifies the wildlife habitats that are traversed by the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer and addresses any site-specific habitats that may be affected. This information assists in identifying any mitigative measures that may be implemented during pipeline construction. The pipeline route traverses several areas designated as Critical Wildlife Habitat for sharp-tailed grouse, ruffed grouse, white-tailed deer and beaver (Table 5.10).
Species with special conservation status with ranges in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer are listed in Appendix C. A wildlife survey was conducted in 1998 along most of the Enbridge right-of-way from Regina to Cromer (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998d). The wildlife species with special conservation status that
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TABLE 5.9
RARE PLANT LOCATION FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Species Name Common Name Status Notes 731.76 to 731.84 Gentiana aquatica moss gentian S1/S2 on and adjacent to south side of ROW 731.76 to 731.84 Gentianopsis procera spp. narrow-leaved S2 vicinity of ROW on procera fringed gentian south side 731.76 to 731.84 Prunella vulgaris self-heal S1 vicinity of ROW on south side 822.9 Coeloglossum viridis var. long-bracted bog S3/S4 vicinity of ROW on interjecta orchid south side 822.9 Cypripedium pubescens large yellow lady’s S2 vicinity of ROW on slipper south side 895.5 to 895.75 Coraliorhiza stiata striped coral-root S2/S3 vicinity of ROW on south side 898.4 to 899.5 Elymus interuptus variable-glumed S1/S2 vicinity of ROW on wild rye south side 899.35 Coeloglossum viridis var. long-bracted bog S3/S4 vicinity of ROW on interjecta orchid south side 901.05 Coeloglossum viridis var. long-bracted bog S3/S4 vicinity of ROW on interjecta orchid south side 901.13 Coeloglossum viridis var. long-bracted bog S3/S4 vicinity of ROW on interjecta orchid south side 901.13 Cypripedium pubescens large yellow lady’s S2 vicinity of ROW on slipper south side 907.32 Hypoxis hirsuta yellow star S2 vicinity of ROW on south side
Note: Provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
Sources: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c
TABLE 5.10
CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP (approx.) Environmental Concern 781.7 to 784.2 sharp-tailed grouse 822.6 to 823.8 white-tailed deer 840.3 to 841.8 white-tailed deer 895.3 to 896.9 white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse 898.8 to 899.5 white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse 900 to 901.3 white-tailed deer, ruffed grouse 906.5 to 906.9 white-tailed deer, beaver 906.9 to 909.2 sharp-tailed grouse 917.4 to 917.8 white-tailed deer 940 to 945 sharp-tailed grouse
Sources: Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a,b, 1980a
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have been observed during previous wildlife surveys along native vegetation and improved pasture segments of the route from Regina to Cromer are identified in Table 5.11. The pipeline route also traverses lands within 500 m of quarter-section with historical records of burrowing owls near KP 718.8 and KP 729.8 (Keith pers. comm.).
Table 5.12 identifies Crown land along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer with provincially registered wildlife reservations. These Saskatchewan reservations are designated under the Wildlife Habitat Protection Act to protect and manage Crown lands for agriculture and wildlife as well as the Fish and Wildlife Development Fund (Statutes of Saskatchewan 1996, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.). The pipeline route does not traverse any Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation lands or Habitat Trust Fund lands (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.).
Ungulates Lands along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer which have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to ungulate production are presented in Table 5.13. The Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all land capability ratings for ungulate production along the entire route.
Birds Lands along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer that have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to waterfowl production are presented in Table 5.14 and the Environmental Alignment Sheets identify all land capability ratings along the entire route.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer also traverses the Ducks Unlimited Canada Montmartre Project at Chapleau Lakes from approximately KP 782.9 to KP 783.8 (Hepworth pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses five migratory bird habitat subregions as defined by Poston et al. (1990). These subregions are landscape divisions primarily based on soils, however, are also distinct on the basis of elevation, relief, landform, drainage and general substrate. Of these five habitat subregions, four subregions contain habitat of varying significance for migratory birds as listed in Table 5.15. Little Pipestone Creek (KP 907) was identified as having regional importance for breeding great blue herons (Poston et al. 1990).
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TABLE 5.11
SUMMARY OF WILDIFE SURVEYS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Legal Locations Observations 721.7 SW 13-17-18 W2M loggerhead shrike nest 722.1 SW 13-17-18 W2M red tailed hawk nest 734.6 SE 6-17-16 W2M loggerhead shrike nest 739.8 NE 27-16-16 W2M loggerhead shrike habitat 782.0 SE 10-15-12 W2M sharp-tailed grouse lek 812.1 to 812.7 NW 22-14-9 W2M eared grebe colony on wetland 830.6 4,9-14-7 W2M Cooper’s hawk habitat 903.9 SE 33-11-33 WPM badger den 908.2 NE 23-11-33 WPM sharp-tailed grouse lek 908.9 NE 23-11-33 WPM coyote den
Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998d
TABLE 5.12
CROWN LAND RESERVATIONS RELATED TO WILDLIFE ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Wildlife Designation 895.4 to 897.0 NE, NW 11-12-1 W2M Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 921.2 to 922.1 SW 6-11-31 WPM Fish and Wildlife Development Fund Wildlife Lands 941.5 to 943.2 NW, SE, SW 11-10-30 WPM Wildlife Habitat Protection Act
Sources: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997, Statutes of Saskatchewan 1996 Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management and Saskatchewan Wildlife Federation n.d.
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TABLE 5.13
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF UNGULATES FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Location (KP) Class Limitations 723.1 to 724.5 3 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 729.9 to 731.5 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 731.5 to 733.3 3 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat 733.3 to 749.9 3 Habitat adversely affected by topography 749.9 to 782.7 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 784 to 847.2 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 854.1 to 906 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 908.6 to 940.1 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 941.3 to 942 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 943.2 to 950.5 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 950.5 to 954.1 2 Exposure to winter winds adversely affects habitat
Note: Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of ungulates.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970i,k, 1971e,f
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TABLE 5.14
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE RATED AS HAVING VERY SLIGHT (CLASS 2) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF WATERFOWL FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Location (KP) Class Limitations 730.3 to 731.7 3 Adverse topography and aridity results in low or dry ponds or marshes 754.7 to 761 2 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands 769.2 to 782.3 3 Topography limits the development of wetlands and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins 783 to 83.5 2 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 802 to 806.7 2 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 806.7 to 819.6 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 820.4 to 848.7 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 856.1 to 871 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 872.6 to 881.1 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 881.1 to 891.3 2 Topography limits the development of wetlands and there is poor distribution of marshes or basins. 891.3 to 906 2 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 909.2 to 912.3 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 923.6 to 939 3 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 939 to 942 2 Poor distribution of marshes or basins 943.2 to 950.3 2 Poor distribution of marshes or basins
Notes: Class 2 - Lands that have very slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 3 - Lands that have slight limitations to the production of waterfowl.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970j,l,m,n
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TABLE 5.15
SIGNIFICANT MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT SUBREGIONS THAT ARE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Habitat Significance* KP (approx.) Subregion (National, Regional or Local) 704.2 to 717 Regina Plain Local – staging ducks, geese and shorebirds, No. 2.58 moulting geese, non-breeding colonial birds Regional – breeding and staging geese, breeding colonial birds National – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owls 717 to 886 Moose Mountain Local – staging ducks and geese, breeding Upland geese, non-breeding colonial birds No. 4.55 Regional – breeding ducks and geese, staging geese, breeding colonial birds National – non-breeding colonial birds 886 to 946 Gainsborough Local – breeding burrowing owl and loggerhead Creek Plain shrike No. 4.58 Regional – breeding colonial birds National – breeding ducks 954 to 959 Pipestone Plain Local – breeding burrowing owls No. 4.56 National – breeding ducks
Note: * While the pipeline route traverses the habitat subregion, it may not traverse any site-specific areas providing the noted significance.
Source: Poston et al. 1990
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5.6 Zoning, Land and Natural Resource Use
This subsection identifies the administrative districts as well as land and natural resource uses traversed by the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer. The pipeline from Regina to Cromer does not traverse any Indian Reserves, Metis Settlements, tree nurseries, sod farms, provincial parks and lands under Parks Canada jurisdiction, conservation areas, International Biological Program sites, ecological reserves or preserves (Laborde pers. comm.)
Municipal Jurisdiction and Zoning The rural municipalities and land ownership are recorded on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. The pipeline route crosses 14 rural municipalities as well as the City of Regina, White City, Village of Vibank, Village of Montmartre, Town of Kipling, Village of Fairlight and Village of Maryfield. The location and zoning of these rural municipalities are listed in Table 5.16. Most of the land use zoning along the pipeline route is Agricultural.
The pipeline route from KP 695.9 to KP 707.4 lies within Regina's Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone. The Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone was designated to provide additional regulations to protect the Regina Aquifer system from contamination from development activities (City of Regina 1993). Most of the pipeline route traverses the low sensitivity zone with no specified performance regulations for oil and gas pipeline operations. The pipeline route parallels the southern border of a moderately sensitive aquifer protection zone from KP 706.3 to KP 707.4. The performance regulations for oil pipeline developments within moderately sensitive aquifer protection zone require that excavations not exceed 4.5 m in depth and, where the overburden is less than 3 m, excavations shall not expose the aquifer or reduce the overburden substantially. All development applications shall be accompanied by plans to detect contamination of the underlying aquifer (City of Regina 1993).
Land Use Land use along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer consists of approximately 69% cultivated land, 10% improved pasture, 8% hay land, 6% bush-pasture, 4% native prairie and the remaining 3% other miscellaneous uses (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). In addition, the pipeline route traverses numerous shelterbelts and hedgerows.
Agriculture is the dominant land use along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer. Commonly grown crops along the route are wheat, oats, barley, canola and flax. Traditionally, the specialty crops grown along the route have included peas, coriander,
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TABLE 5.16
MUNICIPAL JURISDICTIONS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE REGINA TO CROMER
KP Municipal Authority Zoning 704.2 to 707.4 City of Regina Heavy Industrial 1 704.2 to 712.7 R.M. of Sherwood No. 159 Agricultural 2 712.7 to 733.4 R.M. of Edenwold No. 158 Industrial (Great Plains Industrial Park KP 717.9 to KP 718.7) Agricultural (KP 712.7 to KP 717.9 and KP 720.8 to KP 733.4) Urban Residential (Emerald Park KP 718.7 to KP 720.8) 3 733.4 to 734.5 R.M. of South Qu’Appelle Agricultural 4 No. 157 734.5 to 743.8 R.M. of Lajord No. 128 Agricultural 5 743.8 to 752.9 R.M. of Francis No. 127 Agricultural6 752.9 to 753.2 Village of Vibank Urban Residential 7 753.2 to 776.2 R.M. of Francis No. 127 Agricultural 6 776.2 to 790.6 R.M. of Montmartre No. 126 Agricultural 8 790.6 to 791.6 Village of Montmartre Residential 8 791.6 to 807.1 R.M. of Montmartre No. 126 Agricultural 8 807.1 to 837.1 R.M. of Chester No. 125 No Zoning Bylaws 9 837.1 to 850.9 R.M. of Kingsley No. 124 No Zoning Bylaws 10 850.9 to 852.5 Town of Kipling Urban Residential 9 852.5 to 867.6 R.M. of Kingsley No. 124 No Zoning Bylaws 10 867.6 to 876.1 R.M. of Silverwood No. 123 Agricultural 11 876.1 to 898.8 R.M. of Wawkin No. 93 Agricultural 12 898.8 to 921.1 R.M. of Walpole No. 92 No Zoning Bylaws 143 921.1 to 923.7 R.M. of Maryfield No. 91 Agricultural 14 923.7 to 925.4 Village of Fairlight Urban Residential 15 925.4 to 936 R.M. of Maryfield No. 91 Agricultural 15 936 to 937.4 Village of Maryfield N/A 937.4 to 945 R.M. of Maryfield No. 91 Agricultural 14 945 to 949.1 R.M. of Wallace No. 199 Agricultural 16 949.1 to 959 R.M. of Pipestone No. 162 No Zoning Bylaws 17
Sources: 1 Mercer pers. comm. 6 Caron pers. comm. 11 Grassl pers. comm. 2 Rollie pers. comm. 7 Petz pers. comm. 12 Laich pers. comm. 3 Strudwick pers. comm. 8 Brenner pers. comm. 13 Hall pers. comm. 4 Drinnain pers. comm. 9 Hoff pers. comm. 14 Jurkovic pers. comm. 5 Heise pers. comm. 10 Lozinsky pers. comm. 15 Sauter pers. comm. 16 Stephenson pers. comm. 17 Busby pers. comm.
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canary seed, caraway, lentils and sunflowers (Pollock, McKell, Rapp pers. comm.). However, these crops are susceptible to market value changes and, therefore, their presence and abundance may change from year to year.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses three Conservation and Development Areas but does not cross any Irrigation Districts (Table 5.17).
The pipeline route traverses a Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food Forage Project in NE 28-10-31 WPM from KP 928.2 to KP 929 (Pollock pers. comm.).
TABLE 5.17
CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT AREAS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Conservation and Development Area Status 805.4 to 815.4 Candiac Conservation and Development Area # 163 Dormant 815.4 to 837.1 Chester Conservation and Development Area #57 Active 837.1 to 859.1 Kingsley Conservation and Development Area #37 Active
Sources: Saskatchewan Water Corporation 1997 Barisow pers. comm.
Industrial and Natural Resource Use Licensed water users registered at or within 10 km downstream of the water crossings along the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer are identified in Table 5.18.
TABLE 5.18
LICENSED WATER USERS WITHIN 10 km DOWNSTREAM OF WATERCOURSES CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Watercourse Legal Licensed Water User Type 871.3 Montgomery Creek SW 28-12-3 W2M R.M. of Wawkin Groundwater SE 21-12-3 W2M Town of Kennedy Groundwater 907 Little Pipestone NW 28-8-33 WPM Edwin Larson Drainage Creek SW 31-11-31 WPM Arthur Preston Surface Water 942.5 Stony Creek SE 18-10-30 WPM Town of Maryfield Municipal NE 5-10-30 WPM Thomas Johnson Surface Water NW 33-9-30 WPM Richard Johnson Surface Water SW 29-9-30 WPM Everett Ronum Surface Water 951.3 Pipestone Creek NE 34-9-29 WPM Bralorne Petroleums Ltd. N/A
Note: N/A = not available
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Source: Siba, Bodnaruk pers. comm.
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses several areas with aggregate potential. Aggregate resources along this portion of the route are listed in Table 5.19. Crown land with reservations related to aggregates and quarries are identified in Table 5.20.
TABLE 5.19
AGGREGATE RESOURCES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Resource Potential 720.5 to 723.3 Mixed sand and gravel Low 723.3 to 726.2 Mixed sand and gravel Moderate 782.9 to 790.7 Sand with isolated gravel pockets High 798.6 to 801.9 Mixed sand and gravel Low 810.4 to 819.6 Mixed sand and gravel Low 819.6 to 820.6 Mixed sand and gravel (small deposits) Moderate 899.5 to 901.2 Mixed sand and gravel Low 904.7 to 906.5 Mixed sand and gravel High 907.8 to 908.2 Mixed sand and gravel High 942.7 Sand and/or gravel pit location --- 950.6 to 951.4 Aggregate deposit --- 950.6 to 951.4 Gravel pit Inactive and/or depleted
Sources: Saskatchewan Research Council 1987b,c Manitoba Energy and Mines 1988a
TABLE 5.20
CROWN LAND WITH RESERVATIONS RELATED TO AGGREGATES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Sand and Gravel 933.5 to 934.4 SE 24-10-31 WPM 941.6 to 943.2 NW, SE, SW 11-10-30 WPM
Source: Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses three areas of Crown land with utility reservations. SaskPower has reservations on lands along the pipeline route from KP 832.1 to KP 833.7 and from KP 891.6 to KP 892.5 while SaskTel has a reservation from KP 928.2 to KP 929.1 (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food 1997).
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Outdoor Activities The Canada Land Inventory (1971d,g,h,i) has rated all of the lands traversed by the route from Regina to Cromer as ranging from having moderately low (Class 5) to low (Class 6) capability for outdoor recreation. Recreational opportunities include viewing upland and wetland wildlife, hunting, fishing, hiking, nature study, or aesthetic appreciation of the area. The vegetation may be of recreational value and the cultural landscape patterns may also have agricultural, industrial or social interest.
The pipeline route traverses the Kemoca Regional Park from KP 790.8 to KP 791.9 and KP 792.3 to KP 793.1. Two golf courses are traversed by the route near KP 719 (Emerald Park Golf and Country Club) and from KP 792.3 to KP 793.1 (Kemoca Regional Park Golf Course). The grounds surrounding the Kipling District Historical Society Museum are traversed from KP 852 to KP 852.5.
The route from Regina to Cromer traverses four Wildlife Management Zones (WMZs 17, 20, 33 and 34) in Saskatchewan and one Game Hunting Area (GHA) in Manitoba (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a, Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a). Table 5.21 lists the WMZs and GHA along the route by kilometre post.
TABLE 5.21
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT UNITS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP WMZ/GHA* SASKATCHEWAN 704.2 to 723 20 723 to 822.1 17 822.1 to 829 33 829 to 945 34 MANITOBA 945 to 958.9 27
Note: * WMZ = Wildlife Management Zone (Saskatchewan) GHA = Game Hunting Area (Manitoba)
Sources: Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a, Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses Saskatchewan Wildlife Management Zones No. 17, 20, 33 and 34, as well as Manitoba Game Hunting Area No. 27 (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a, Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a). The big game hunting season for white-tailed deer extends from early
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September to early December in Saskatchewan. In Manitoba, the hunting season for white- tailed deer extends from late August to mid-November. The mule deer hunting season extends from early September to mid October, but it is restricted to the province of Saskatchewan, and archery hunting.
Game bird hunting seasons for sharp-tailed, ruffed and spruce grouse, as well as gray (Hungarian) partridge extend from early September to early November in Saskatchewan and from mid September to mid December in Manitoba. In Saskatchewan for residents only, a late season for gray (Hungarian) partridge and pheasant occurs in December, while in Manitoba, residents may hunt wild turkey in May. The game bird season for ducks, coots, snipe and geese extends from early September to late December in Saskatchewan, and from mid September to late November in Manitoba. A season for sandhill cranes occurs in both provinces in the month of September. Hunting Canada geese, within the Wascana Flock Goose Restriction Area surrounding Regina, is prohibited (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999a).
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses both the Southern Management Zone for fishing in Saskatchewan and the Southern Fishing Division in Manitoba. All watercourses are open to sport fishing from early May to late March (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999b, Manitoba Natural Resources 1999b).
Trappers and guides within Saskatchewan and Manitoba are not assigned geographical areas. The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses lands open to trapping and guiding by permission of the landowner (Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1999b).
5.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics
The following subsection describes the socio-economic factors of select communities located near the pipeline route from Regina to Cromer. Recent statistics for each community including total labour force, have been provided by Saskatchewan Rural Development (1989, 1992) and Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. (1991). Table 5.22 provides a summary of the services available in communities located in the vicinity of the pipeline route.
The portion of the pipeline route from KP 704.2 to KP 707.4 is situated within the City of Regina. Regina is the capital of Saskatchewan and has a population of 179,584 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). The city is situated midway between Calgary and Winnipeg on the TransCanada Highway. Highways 6 and 11 also provide access to the city. Scheduled airline service is available to all major centres in Canada and the United States. Regina
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TABLE 5.22
COMMUNITY PROFILES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Rail Service Schools Recreation Hotels/Motels Campgrounds Bus Courier Play- Field No. of Total Serviced COMMUNITY Population Airport CN CP Service Service Taxis Public Separate Clinics Hospitals Fire Police Ambulance Arena Curling grounds Baseball Sports Library Golf Pool No. rooms No. Sites Sites Restaurants Shopping Banks Regina 179,584 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 20 2,405+ 4 359+ Y 297 Y 11+ White City 963 N N N N U U Y N N N Y Y Y U U U U U Y N N N N U U N U U N Odessa 281 N Y N Y U U Y N N N Y Y Y Y U Y Y U Y N Y 1 6 U U N U U 2 Montmartre 522 N Y N Y N N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y 1 12 1 16 Y 4 Y 1 Kipling 1,040 Y Y N Y U N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y 1 105 U U N 3 Y 2 Fairlight 89 N Y N Y U U N N N N N Y Y N Y U U U N Y N N N U U N 1 U 2 Maryfield 353 Y Y N Y U U Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N 1 8 1 U U U U 1 Cromer 27 N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N Y N Y N N N N N N 1 U U
Sources: Tourism Saskatchewan 1997 Travel Manitoba 1997 Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989, 1992 Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991
NOTES: Y = Yes N = No U = Unknown 5-26
has all the amenities and services of a large city. It is served by Canadian National Railway. Agriculture is the major economic base of Regina, however, the city is also a steel centre as well as a petroleum refining and distribution point. The estimated total labour force is 80,107 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The community of White City, which has a population of 963 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997) is adjacent to the route from approximately KP 719.7 to KP 720.9. White City is located in the Rural Municipality of Edenwold No. 158 and is accessed by Highways 1 and 48. The major economic base is agriculture although gravel resources are also present. The total labour force is 426 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
Odessa, a community of 281 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is situated 0.4 km north of the pipeline route near KP 766. Odessa is located in the Rural Municipality of Francis No. 127. Access to the community is by Highway 48 and it is serviced by Canadian National Railway. The major economic base is agriculture, however, Odessa’s economy is also defined by clay, sand and gravel resources. The total labour force is 90 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The Village of Montmartre, population 522 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is situated on the north side of the pipeline from approximately KP 791.4 to KP 722. Access is via Highway 48, and the village is serviced by Canadian National Railway. The village is located in the R.M. of Montmartre No. 126. The major economic base of Montmartre is agriculture and oil and gas (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1992).
The portion of the pipeline route from KP 850.8 to KP 852.5 is located within the Town of Kipling at approximately KP 851. The town is located in the Rural Municipality of Kingsley No. 124 and has a population of 1,040 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access to the community is via Highway 48. The town is serviced by Canadian National Railway. The town’s economic base is defined by agriculture. The total estimated labour force is 523 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The community of Fairlight is located 0.5 km south of the pipeline route near KP 925. Fairlight is located in the Rural Municipality of Maryfield No. 91 and has a population of 89 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Access is via Highways 8 and 48 and the community is serviced by Canadian National Railway. The major economic base is agriculture and gravel. The total labour force is 31 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The Town of Maryfield, which has a population of 353 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is situated in the Rural Municipality of Maryfield No. 91. The pipeline route near KP 937 is 0.1 km south of the town. Access to Maryfield is by Highway 48 and rail service is provided
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by Canadian National Railway. The economic base is defined by agriculture as well as sand and gravel resources. The total labour force is 150 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
The Village of Cromer, population 27, is located 2.4 km south of the pipeline route near KP 960. The village is situated east of the Saskatchewan / Manitoba border in the R.M. of Pipestone No. 162. Access is via Highway 256 by road and is serviced by the Canadian national Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The major economic base is the petroleum industry (Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997).
The pipeline route from Regina to Cromer traverses numerous primary and secondary highways as well as both Canadian Pacific and Canadian National rail lines (Table 5.23). An extensive network of primary and secondary highways as well as local and municipal roads provide access throughout the rural areas. Commercial air passenger and air freight services are provided by a number of Canadian and US carriers at the Regina International Airport as well as the airport in Brandon (Table 5.23).
5.8 Heritage Resources
Sections of the route between Regina and Cromer with concentrations of recorded archaeological sites include areas near Regina, Chapleau Lakes and Pipestone Creek. Twenty-six archaeological sites have been previously recorded in the vicinity of the right-of- way between Regina and Cromer (see Table 5.24).
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TABLE 5.23
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
KP Primary Highway Secondary Highway Railway 704.85 ------CN 706.7 ------CN 709.85 ------CN 709.9 ------CP 711.8 ------CN 716.15 --- Hwy. 362 --- 717.2 Hwy. 1 ------726.4 Hwy. 48 ------734.6 Hwy. 48 ------738.1 ------CN 760.1 Hwy. 35 ------779.45 --- Hwy. 619 --- 792.3 --- Hwy. 606 --- 813.75 --- Hwy. 617 --- 822.1 Hwy. 47 ------828.1 ------CN 829.1 Hwy. 48 ------849.5 Hwy. 48 ------852.9 Hwy. 48 ------876.1 Hwy. 9 ------906.4 ------CN 923.2 Hwy. 48 ------925.45 Hwy. 8 ------937.8 --- Hwy. 600 ---
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TABLE 5.24
HERITAGE RESOURCES SITES THAT ARE ENCOUNTERED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Site KP Number Site Type Comments 717.7 EcNc15 precontact - artifact find Chert projectile point 720.6 EcNc8 precontact - campsite Lithic and vaunal scatter 723.3 EcNc16 precontact - artifact scatter Flake, chert, bone fragments 724 EcNb17 precontact - campsite Chert flakes, bone fragments 725 EcNb13 precontact - artifact scatter Flakes 731.4 EcNb14 precontact - isolated find Flake 731.9 EcNb15 precontact - artifact find Flake 733.5 EcNb16 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite flakes 733.8 EcNa5 precontact - artifact scatter Core, quartzite flakes 742.1 EcNa6 precontact - campsite Quartzite flake, firebroken rock 743.8 EcNa7 precontact - campsite Chert core, quartzite flake, bison humerus 750.8 EcMx2 precontact - artifact find Quartzite flake 751.8 EcMx3 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite flakes 762.8 EbMw1 precontact - artifact scatter Chert core fragments 766.6 EbMw2 precontact - artifact scatter Chert core fragments 768.5 EbMw3 precontact - artifact scatter, Glass, ceramics, metal, battery historic 774.3 EbMw4 precontact - isolated find Scraper 782.9 EbMv5 precontact - recurrent feature Stone circles, firebroken rock, chalcedony flake, chalcedony flake and core 783.4 EbMv6 precontact - recurrent feature Stone circles 783.5 EbMv7 precontact - recurrent feature Stone circles 844 EaMq1 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite flakes, chert core fragment 903.3 DlMl1 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite core, core fragment and flake 942 DkMi4 precontact - multiple feature Two earthen mounds and a rock cairn 951.3 DkMi3 precontact - artifact scatter Butchered bison bone and lithics 951.7 DkMh3 precontact - isolated find Chert flakes and core fragment, chalcedony flakes 955.4 DkMhY1 precontact - mound Single earthen mound
Source: Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997b, 1998b
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6.0 CROMER TERMINAL TO GRETNA STATION
The following describes the environmental and socio-economic setting along the Enbridge right-of-way from the Cromer Terminal to the Canada-U.S. border near Gretna. This segment of the Enbridge right-of-way was assessed in the Environmental and Socio- Economic Impact Assessment for the Terrace Phase I Expansion Program and submitted to the NEB in 1997. Kilometre post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along Enbridge’s existing right-of-way from the Cromer Terminal at KP 959 to the Canada- U.S. border near Gretna at KP 1245.2.
6.1 Physiography and Geology
Physiography Physiographic characteristics assist in the identification of topographic features and surficial deposits traversed by the pipeline route.
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses the Southwestern Uplands and Manitoba Lowlands major physiographic divisions (Barto and Vogel 1978). The two physiographic divisions are separated by the Manitoba Escarpment which is a preglacial feature that was not significantly eroded by glaciation due to the overlying deposits of hard grey Odanah shale (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994). The Southwestern Uplands are characterized by undulating, rolling to hilly topography and the Manitoba Lowlands are characterized by relatively flat to gently undulating relief. Subdivisions of the major physiographic divisions traversed by the route are described in Table 6.1.
Bedrock Geology This subsection identifies the types of bedrock that may be encountered along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna and the likelihood of encounter, if known. Bedrock geology is the precursor to surficial deposits and soils and, consequently, has an influence on the chemistry of the soil profile within trench depth.
The Riding Mountain Formation underlies the pipeline route from KP 959 to KP 1088 and KP 1120 to KP 1187. These Ordovician aged strata consist of hard siliceous shale of the Odanah and the Millwood members, and soft greenish bentonitic shale (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994).
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TABLE 6.1
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP (approx.) Major Division Subdivision 959 to 967 Southwestern Uplands Minnedosa-Reston Till Plain 967 to 1047 Southwestern Uplands Souris Plain 1047 to 1065 Southwestern Uplands Tiger Hills 1065 to 1119 Southwestern Uplands Upper Assiniboine Delta 1119 to 1190 Southwestern Uplands Pembina Mountain 1190 to 1245 Manitoba Lowlands Red River Plain
Sources: Barto and Vogel 1978, Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994
The pipeline route from KP 1088 to KP 1120 and KP 1187 to KP 1202 is underlain by the Cretaceous aged Vermilion River Formation. These strata consist of carbonaceous shale; speckled calcareous and carbonaceous shale; and thin bentonite beds with carbonaceous shale and bentonitic shale (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994).
The Cretaceous aged Favel Formation underlies the pipeline route from KP 1202 to KP 1205 and consists of calcareous speckled shale; minor limestone, bentonite and low grade oil shale (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994).
The pipeline route is underlain by the Cretaceous aged Ashville and Swan River formations from KP 1205 to KP 1210 and from KP 1210 to KP 1212, respectively. Strata of the Ashville Formation consists of carbonaceous shale with minor sand, silt and bentonite while strata of the Swan River Formation consists of quartzose sandstone; kaolinitic shale; minor lignite; and glauconitic sandstone (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994).
The Melita, Reston and Amaranth formations underline the pipeline route from KP 1212 to KP 1245. These Jurassic aged strata consist of sandstone with variegated and red shale; minor limestone; dolomite and shale; and anhydrite (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994).
Drift thickness along the Cromer to Gretna route is greatest on the Southwestern Uplands (KP 959 to KP 1190). The drift cover over the Manitoba Lowlands is variable. The till sheet is generally continuous and deep, however, bedrock outcrops can occur (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
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Surficial Geology Soils are developed from surficial deposits. The characteristics of surficial deposits are related to potential concerns such as compaction and rutting, trench stability, erosion hazard and topography.
A variety of surficial deposits of both glacial and post-glacial origin are present along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna. These surficial deposits are identified in Table 6.2.
Glacial till deposits consist of unsorted debris up to 10 m thick that reflect the composition of the underlying bedrock and include extensive areas of hummocky stagnation moraine, ribbed moraine and water deposited till (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981). From KP 959 to KP 965, KP 969 to KP 971, KP 973 to KP 976 and KP 1143 to KP 1175, the route traverses moderately calcareous till composed of gravel, sand, silt and clay in the form of hummocky stagnation moraine. From KP 1034 to KP 1047, KP 1050 to KP 1058, KP 1079 to KP 1084, KP 1120 to KP 1122, KP 1124 to KP 1131 and KP 1175 to KP 1191, highly calcareous till composed of gravel, sand, silt and clay in the form of glacial flutings are encountered by the route.
Glaciofluvial deposits encountered along the route from KP 965 to KP 969, KP 971 to KP 973, KP 1122 to KP 1124 and KP 1131 to KP 1143 consist of gravel, sand and silt that were deposited in an ice-marginal environment. These deposits, which can be up to 100 m thick, also include subaqueous outwash deposited in glacial lakes and some late glacial valley fill (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
Glaciolacustrine deposits encountered along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna have been categorized according to their depositional environment. Fine-textured deep basin deposits, which occur from KP 976 to KP 980, KP 983 to KP 1034, KP 1058 to KP 1061 and KP 1199 to KP 1245.2, consist of silt, clay and sand and can be up to 30 m thick. These deposits form extensive lake plains and a discontinuous veneer reflecting the form of the underlying topography. Deep basin deposits also include areas of extensive iceberg scouring, areas masked by thin alluvium, areas of wave-washed till and exposed bedrock (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
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TABLE 6.2
SURFICIAL GEOLOGY ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Surficial Topography / Local (approx.) Deposit Depositional Environment Relief (Thickness) 959 to 965 glacial till stagnation moraine hummocky topography / 1 to 10 m 965 to 969 glaciofluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits 1 to 100 m 969 to 971 glacial till stagnation moraine hummocky topography / 1 to 10 m 971 to 973 glaciofluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits 1 to 100 m 973 to 976 glacial till stagnation moraine hummocky topography / 1 to 10 m 976 to 980 glaciolacustrine fine-textured deep basin lacustrine 1 to 30 m deposits 980 to 983 alluvium alluvial deposits 1 to 30 m 983 to 1034 glaciolacustrine fine-textured deep basin lacustrine 1 to 30 m deposits 1034 to 1047 glacial till moraine swell and swale topography / 1 to 10 m 1047 to 1050 glaciolacustrine fine-textured deep basin lacustrine 1 to 30 m deposits 1050 to 1058 glacial till Darlingford moraine swell and swale topography / 1 to 10 m 1058 to 1061 glaciolacustrine fine-textured deep basin lacustrine 1 to 30 m deposits 1061 to 1072 glaciolacustrine coarse-textured deltaic lacustrine flat and gently sloping deposits topography / 1 to 30 m 1072 to 1075 alluvium alluvial deposits 1 to 30 m 1075 to 1079 glaciolacustrine coarse-textured deltaic lacustrine flat and gently sloping deposits topography / 1 to 30 m 1079 to 1084 glacial till moraine swell and swale topography / 1 to 10 m 1084 to 1109 glaciolacustrine coarse-textured deltaic lacustrine flat and gently sloping deposits topography / 1 to 30 m 1109 to 1120 alluvium alluvial deposits 1 to 30 m 1120 to 1122 glacial till moraine swell and swale topography / 1 to 10 m 1122 to 1124 glaciofluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits 1 to 100 m 1124 to 1131 glacial till moraine 1 to 10 m 1131 to 1143 glaciofluvial ice-contact fluvial deposits 1 to 100 m 1143 to 1175 glacial till stagnation moraine hummocky topography / 1 to 10 m 1175 to 1191 glacial till moraine swell and swale topography / 1 to 10 m 1191 to 1199 glaciolacustrine coarse-textured beach and near-shore 1 to 4 m lacustrine deposits 1199 to glaciolacustrine fine-textured deep basin lacustrine 1 to 30 m 1245.2 deposits
Source: Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981
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Deltaic lacustrine deposits, consisting of silt and gravel, are encountered along the route from KP 1061 to KP 1072, KP 1075 to KP 1079 and KP 1084 to KP 1109. These deposits form extensive dune developments in places and can be up to 30 m thick (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
Beach and nearshore lacustrine deposits consist of sand and gravel and are encountered from KP 1191 to KP 1199. These deposits, up to 4 m thick, form distinct ridges, sand blankets and include areas of wave-washed till and exposed bedrock (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
Alluvial deposits consist of sand, silt, gravel and clay deposited on floodplains along river valleys, on floors of glacial spillways and as alluvial fans along the base of escarpments. These deposits occur from KP 980 to KP 983, KP 1072 to KP 1075, and KP 1109 to KP 1120 and can be up to 30 m thick (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981).
An area of potential ground instability has been identified along the pipeline route on the west approach slope to Deadhorse Creek (KP 1196.8) (Geo-Engineering (M.S.T.) Ltd. 1997a).
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna lies south of the region where perennially frozen ground is typically present and at too low of an elevation for alpine permafrost to be a consideration (Geo-Engineering (M.S.T.) Ltd. 1997b).
Palaeontological Resources The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses formations of Cretaceous age as well as undifferentiated Jurassic and Ordovician strata. The Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale Formation contains significant and rich marine reptile and Cretaceous bird fauna remains (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997). There is also potential for foraminiferal fauna in the area of the Manitoba Escarpment and a historical record of a plesiosaur from the Favel Formation (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997). Areas of high palaeontological potential have been identified from KP 1072.3 to KP 1074.8 and KP 1195.8 to KP 1197.7 (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997).
6.2 Soils
This subsection identifies the soil types that are encountered along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna as well as any soil characteristics which may be of concern during construction, such as erosion risk, problem subsoils and susceptibility to compaction.
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A summary of selected soil characteristics and their implications to pipeline construction are presented in Table 6.3. Typical soil profiles from samples examined along the route are provided in the Soil Survey and Reclamation Suitability Evaluation for the Terrace Expansion Phase I (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997, Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1994b) previously filed with the NEB. Detailed mapping of individual soil units are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets in the 1997 Terrace Phase I Application.
The quality of soil along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna is varied. The Canada Land Inventory (1966a,b,c) ratings for soils range from having no significant (Class 1) to very severe (Class 5) limitations to agriculture and are presented in Table 6.4. The Canada Land Inventory ratings for all soils along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) has placed the soils along the route from Cromer to Gretna into one of ten classes (A to J) by comparing their 10 year average crop yields to those of benchmark soils (Table 6.5). The productivity rating incorporates land productivity concepts including climate, soil texture, depth of topsoil, organic matter, drainage, salinity, topography and erosion. This is a soil productivity rating system providing a more detailed account of agricultural capability of the soils encountered along the route than the Canada Land Inventory classification.
6.3 Hydrology and Fish
This subsection identifies the watercourses traversed by the route, the typical flows likely to occur throughout the year and the fish found in the watercourses to determine any timing constraints for instream activity.
Hydrology The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna lies within the Assiniboine-River watershed. Watercourses crossed by the pipeline route are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Table 6.6 provides a summary of historical streamflow information that is available for six watercourses along the pipeline route, while detailed historical streamflow information for each of these watercourses is graphically presented in Appendix A. Numerous agricultural drainage ditches are traversed by the portion of the route in the vicinity of Gretna. The location of the ditches are identified on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
The Souris River represents the only likely navigable waters along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna. Other watercourses traversed by the route are less likely to be used for recreational boating, although some occasional use may occur.
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TABLE 6.3
SUMMARY OF SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Color Erosion Susceptible Topsoil Differentiation Hazards5 to Soil Susceptible Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Depth Range to Trench 1 2 3 4 between Topsoil Wind Water Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns ASZ Agassiz O.BL-R.BL GF gvLS R 20-25 excellent H S No Yes - gravels at or near surface may hamper topsoil stripping procedures. AV Alluvium CU.HR F L-SL W-I 25-30 good M-H S No No - may have thin layers of sand or gravel BFD Beresford O.BL-R.BL GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 20-25 excellent M S No No - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till saBFD saline Beresford saO.BL-saR.BL GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL MW 45 excellent M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts scBFD Beresford with O.BL-R.BL GL/T L-SiCL/L-CL W-MW 20-25 excellent M S No No - saline lower subsoil saline lower subsoil BKA Birkenhead O.BL-R.BL GF SL/gv W 25-35 excellent H S No Yes - gravels will likely be encountered within trench depth CXF Carroll R.BL-O.BL GL L-SiCL W-MW 15-40 excellent M S No No - very strongly calcareous subsoil saCXF saline Carroll saR.BL-saO.BL GL L-SiCL MW 25 excellent M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts scCXF Carroll with R.BL-O.BL GL L-SiCL W-MW 25-30 excellent M S No No - saline lower subsoil saline lower 6-7 subsoil
CZK Cazlake R.HG-O.HG T CL-C P 20-60 good-fair S S Yes Yes - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet saCZK saline Cazlake saR.HG-saO.HG T CL-C P 15-35 good-fair S S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet DGF Darlingford O.BL-R.BL T L-CL W-MW 15-35 excellent M S No No ---
saDGF saline saO.BL-saR.BL T L-CL MW 20-35 excellent M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- Darlingford vegetation efforts stDGF stony Darlingford O.BL-R.BL T stL-stCL W 20 excellent M S No No - stony conditions may hamper topsoil stripping procedures stsaDGF stony, saline saO.BL-saR.BL T stL-stCL W-MW 20 good M S No No - stony conditions may hamper Darlingford topsoil stripping procedures - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts DHO Deadhorse R.BL-O.BL GL SiC-C MW-I 20-35 fair M-H S Yes No - may encounter the watertable within trench depth saDHO saline saR.BL-saO.BL GL SiC-C I 30 fair M-H S Yes No - may encounter the watertable Deadhorse within trench depth - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts
TABLE 6.3 Cont'd
Color Erosion Susceptible Topsoil Differentiation Hazards5 to Soil Susceptible Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Depth Range to Trench 1 2 3 4 between Topsoil Wind Water Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns DS Dune Sand O.R E LfS-S R 10 poor H M-H No Yes - frequently lacks a distinct topsoil horizon - droughty soil and difficult to re- establish vegetation DZW Dezwood O.DG T L-CL W-MW 10-40 good M S-H No No --- EGF Eigenhof O.BL GL SiL-SiCL W-MW 25-35 excellent M S No No --- FIR Firdale O.DG GL SiL-SiCL W 15-40 good M S No No --- shFIR shallow Firdale O.DG GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL W 20 good M S No No - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till GBO Glenboro O.BL GL-GF SiL, fSL & W 15-35 excellent M-H S No No - variable textured soil; has SiCL variable textured strata with depth glGBO gleyed Glenboro GL.BL GL-GF SiL, fSL& I 15-35 good M S Yes Yes - susceptible to trench instability SiCL when excessively wet - susceptible to compaction when excessively wet GDH Gnadenthal GLR.BL GL-GF SiL, fSL & I 20-30 fair-good M S Yes Yes - may encounter the watertable SiCL within trench depth - susceptible to trench instability and soil compaction when excessively wet saGDH saline saGLR.BL GL-GF SiL, fSL & I 20-30 fair-good M S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- Gnadenthal SiCL vegetation efforts HIT Hilton O.BL-R.BL T L-CL W-MW 0-40 excellent M S-M No No - very strongly calcareous subsoil JYL Joyale GLR.BL GL/T SiL-SiCL/L-CL I 20-25 good M S Yes Yes - susceptible to trench instability
6-8 and soil compaction when excessively wet - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till KUD Knudson O.BL-GL.BL GL/T SiC-C/CL MW-I 20-40 good M-H S Yes No - surface stoniness may be increased due to underlying till NBG Neuenberg GLR.BL-GL.BL GL/GF SiL-SiCL/fSL I 30-35 good M S Yes Yes - susceptible to trench instability in lower portion of trench - may encounter the watertable within trench depth - susceptible to soil compaction when excessively wet saNBG saline saGLR.BL- GL/GF SiL-SiCL/fSL I 30 good M S Yes Yes - saline subsoils may hinder re- Neuenberg saGL.BL vegetation efforts - may encounter the watertable within trench depth OBO Osborne R.HG GL SiCL-C P 20-65 good-fair M S Yes - - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet saOBO saline Osborne saR.HG GL SiCL-C P 15-40 good-fair M S Yes - - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts - susceptible to unstable trench walls when excessively wet OIV Oliver BL.SZ-GLSZ.BL GL SiC-C MW-I 20-30 poor M S Yes No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder re-vegetation efforts
TABLE 6.3 Cont'd
Color Erosion Susceptible Topsoil Differentiation Hazards5 to Soil Susceptible Soil Soil Parent Texture Drainage Depth Range to Trench 1 2 3 4 between Topsoil Wind Water Compaction Symbol Soil Name Classification Material Class Class (cm) and Subsoil and Rutting Instability Comments or Other Concerns saOIV saline Oliver saBLSZ- GL SiC-C MW-I 15-30 poor M S Yes No - saline and sodic subsoils may saGLSZ.BL hinder re-vegetation efforts OKL Oak Lake R.HG GF SL-LS P 25-30 good H S Yes Yes --- OX Oxbow O.BL-R.BL T L-CL W-MW 15-25 excellent M S No No --- saOX saline Oxbow saO.BL-saR.BL T L-CL MW 15 good M S No No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts OX2 Oxbow 2 SZ.BL-BL.SZ T L-CL MW 25 fair M S No No - saline and sodic subsoils may hinder re-vegetation efforts RAM Ramada O.BL GL SiCL W-MW 20-40 good M S No No - glRAM gleyed Ramada GL.BL GL SiCL I 25 good M S Yes Yes - susceptible to trench instability when excessively wet saRAM saline Ramada saO.BL GL SiCL MW 25 good M S Yes No - saline subsoils may hinder re- vegetation efforts SCH Scarth CAR.BL-O.BL GF LfS R 15-70 good H S No Yes --- SCK Stockton R.BL-CAR.BL- GF fSL W 15-50 excellent H S No Yes --- O.BL glSCK gleyed Stockton GLR.BL- GF fSL I 25-45 excellent H S No Yes --- GLCAR.BL shSCK shallow Stockton R.BL-CAR.BL- GF/T fSL/L-CL W 35 excellent H S No Yes* - surface stoniness may be O.BL increased due to underlying till TGL Tiger Hills O.DG T L-CL W-MW 10-20 good M S-M No No - very strongly calcareous subsoil VDL Vandal O.DG GF SL W 15-20 good H S No Yes ---
6-9 Soil Classification: Texture Class: Drainage Class:
sa - saline GLCAR.BL - Gleyed Calcareous Rego Black C - Clay R - Rapidly sc - saline lower subsoil GLR.BL - Gleyed Rego Black CL - Clay Loam W - Well sh - shallow GLSZ.BL - Gleyed Solonetzic Black L - Loam MW - Moderately Well st - stony O.BL - Orthic Black SiL - Silt Loam I - Imperfectly gl - gleyed O.DG - Orthic Dark Gray SiCL - Silty Clay Loam P - Poorly O.HG - Orthic Humic Gleysol SL - Sandy Loam BL.SZ - Black Solonetz O.R - Orthic Regosol LS - Loamy Sand Parent Material CAR.BL - Calcareous Rego Black R.BL - Rego Black S - Sand CU.HR - Cumulic Humic Regosol R.HG - Rego Humic Gleysol SiC - Silty Clay E - eolian GL.BL - Gleyed Black SZ.BL - Solonetzic Black F - fluvial f - fine GF - glaciofluvial gv - gravelly GL - glaciolacustrine st - stony T - till
Erosion Hazards:
S - Slight M - Moderate H - High ______
* Susceptible to trench instability when sandy material is greater than 50-60 cm thick.
Source: Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997
TABLE 6.4
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO MODERATELY SEVERE (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS RESTRICTING AGRICULTURE
Location (KP) Class Limitations 959 to 970.5 2, 3, 5 Erosion damage, adverse topography and excess water 972.4 to 978.6 2,3, 5 Erosion damage, adverse topography and excess water 978.6 to 980.7 2 Combination of two or more limitations 1029.7 to 1032.8 3 Adverse soil characteristics 1032.8 to 1043 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1043 to 1043.7 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1043.7 to 1051 3 Adverse topography 1051 to 1057 3, 4 Adverse topography 1057 to 1062.8 3, 5 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 1062.8 to 1072.6 2 Combination of two or more limitations 1072.6 to 1074.2 3 Adverse soil characteristics 1074.2 to 1085.8 2, 3 Excess water and adverse soil characteristics 1085.8 to 1086.9 3 Adverse soil characteristics 1087.2 to 1108 2, 3 Excess water and adverse soil characteristics 1108.7 to 1109.2 2, 3 Excess water and adverse soil characteristics 1111 to 1112.3 3 Excess water 1112.3 to 1113 2, 3 Adverse soil characteristics and excess water 1113 to 1113.6 3 Excess water 1113.6 to 1121 2, 3 Excess water and adverse soil characteristics 1121 to 1123.6 3 Adverse topography 1125.9 to 1131.3 3 Adverse topography 1131.8 to 1132.5 3 Adverse topography 1133.1 to 1134.7 3 Adverse topography 1134.7 to 1138 3, 4 Adverse topography and soil characteristics 1138 to 1139.9 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess moisture 1140 to 1140.9 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess moisture 1141.4 to 1149.1 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess moisture 1150 to 1176 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1176 to 1177.5 3 Adverse topography 1177.5 to 1179.7 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1179.7 to 1181.1 3 Adverse topography 1181.1 to 1185.9 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1186.4 to 1190.5 2, 5 Adverse topography and excess water 1201.6 to 1213 2, 3 Combination of two or more limitations and adverse soil characteristics 1213 to 1213.7 2, 3 Excess water 1213.7 to 1219.9 1, 2 Combination of two or more limitations 1219.9 to 1221.6 2, 3 Excess water
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TABLE 6.4 Cont'd
Location (KP) Class Limitations 1225 to 1226 2 Excess water 1226 to 1230.7 1, 2 Combination of two or more limitations 1230.7 to 1234.6 2, 3 Excess water 1234.6 to 1235.7 1, 2 Excess water 1235.7 to 1237.7 2, 3 Excess water 1237.7 to 1241 1, 2 Combination of two or more limitations 1241 to 1245.1 2, 3 Excess water
Notes: Class 1 - Soils that have no significant crop limitations. Class 2 - Soils that have moderate limitations that restrict the range of crops or required moderate conservation practices. Class 3 - Soils that have moderately severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or required special conservation practices. Class 4 - Soils that have severe limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices, or both. Class 5- Soils have very severe limitations that restrict their capability to producing forage crops and improvement practices are feasible.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1966a,b,c
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TABLE 6.5
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RATINGS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Location (KP) Soil Rating * Municipal Government 958.9 to 986.6 E-J3 R.M. of Pipestone 986.6 to 1016.7 I-J3 R.M. of Sifton 1016.7 to 1047.0 I-J3, C-I4 R.M. of Glenwood 1047.0 to 1077.4 B-C5, B-F4 R.M. of Oakland 1077.4 to 1106.6 C-G5 R.M. of South Cypress 1106.6 to 1119.0 C-G5 R.M. of Argyle 1119.0 to 1153.5 C-G5 R.M. of Lorne 1153.5 to 1185.2 C-D5 R.M. of South Cypress 1185.2 to 1218.0 C-H5, E-F12 R.M. of Pembina 1218.0 to 1245.1 C-F12 , D 32 R.M. of Stanley
Note: * Soil productivity ratings range from Highest (A) to lowest (J) yielding soils with each subsequent class representing a slightly less productive class than the previous class. Numbers denote Risk Areas, which place areas with similar soils and/or climate into a common group. An "I" soil in Risk Area 3 may not have the same productivity as an "I" soil in Risk Area 4.
Sources: Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation 1997, Pascal pers. comm.
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TABLE 6.6
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW SUMMARIES FOR WATERCOURSES CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Approx. Dist. from Mean Highest Lowest Pipeline Annual Mean Month Mean Month KP Watercourse Gauging Station Crossing Flow (m 3/s) (m 3/s) (m 3/s) 1073.5 Souris River NW 26-7-17 WPM 2 km 12.1 May (34.7) January Near Wawanesa 1 downstream (0.781) 1086.9 Oak Creek SW 21-6-13 WPM 3 km 0.346 April October Near Glenboro downstream (1.07) (0.012) 1109.3 Oak Creek SW 21-6-13 WPM 3.5 km 0.346 April October Near Glenboro downstream (1.07) (0.012) 1110.3 Oak Creek SW 21-6-13 WPM 2 km 0.346 April October Near Glenboro downstream (1.07) (0.012) 1120.1 Cypress River SW 4-6-11 WPM 8 km 0.698 April October Near Bruxelles downstream (3.56) (0.046) 1131.6 Cypress River SW 4-6-11 WPM 3 km 0.698 April October Near Bruxelles downstream (3.56) (0.046) 1164 Mary Jane Creek SW 30-3-9 WPM 17 km 0.526 April October At La Riviere 1 downstream (1.57) (0.017) 1196.8 Deadhorse Creek SW 8-3-5 WPM 2 km 0.346 April November to Near Morden 1 downstream (1.67) February (0) 1227.4 Buffalo Creek SW 1-2-2 WPM 17 km 0.487 April July Near Altona downstream (3.09) (0.013)
Note: 1 Regulated flow Source: Environment Canada 1994
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Surface Water Quality Surface water quality information for various inorganic, organic, physical and microbiological parameters is only available for the Souris River (Manitoba Environment 1997). Baseline data are presented as an average value over the reporting period and from several sampling sites including two sites at Wawanesa and one near Treesbank. These averages were compared to existing Canadian Water Quality Standards for drinking water, irrigation water and livestock drinking water (see Appendix A). (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992).
Generally, most of the inorganic parameters tested for the Souris River fall within the Canadian water quality standards. The average value recorded for iron exceeded the recommended standard for Canadian drinking water while remaining within the standards for irrigation water. The average values recorded for manganese exceed the drinking water and irrigation water standard. The average recorded values for the Souris River exceed the Canadian water quality guidelines for physical and microbiological parameters including turbidity, colour and coliform.
Suspended sediment information is available for several locations on the Souris River (Environment Canada 1994). The nearest sampling site to the route was at Wawanesa, where sampling occurred from 1981 to 1991 for twelve complete months a year. The historical annual mean load over those 11 years was 55.5 tonnes of suspended sediment. Maximum daily suspended sediment load and total suspended sediment load was recorded every year. The highest value for maximum daily suspended sediment was 11,900 tonnes in April of 1987. The highest total suspended sediment load was 67,700 tonnes in 1983 (Environment Canada 1994).
Groundwater The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses a flowing freshwater well area from approximately KP 1215 to KP 1219 and a flowing saline water well area from KP 1218 to KP 1245.2 (Province of Manitoba Surveys and Mapping Branch 1978).
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna encounters three different types of bedrock aquifers: shale, sandstone and sand and carbonate rocks (Table 6.7). The shale bedrock aquifer is an Odanah Member of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale Formation. These aquifers are formed by fractured shale beds in hard siliceous shale. The sandstone and sand bedrock aquifers are located in the Cretaceous Swan River Formation and consist of sand and sandstone beds interbedded with shale, silt and clay. The limestone and dolomite bedrock aquifers are found in Paleozoic Carbonate rock formations. These aquifers are formed by thick carbonate rock beds with minor shale beds.
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There are six different kinds of sand and gravel aquifers encountered by the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna (Table 6.8). The water quality along the route ranges from poor to excellent, however, there are two specific areas which have higher quantities of salt in the water. Near Gretna, the aquifer water quality is salty to very salty with total dissolved solids of 5,000 mg/L to more than 25,000 mg/L. The aquifer water quality around Schanzenfield is very poor to slightly saline with a total dissolved solids concentration of 2,500 mg/L to 5,000 mg/L. The water is not potable but may be acceptable to some livestock.
TABLE 6.7
BEDROCK AQUIFERS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Aquifer Description 965 to 988 Shale Well yield is generally less than 1.0 L/s, water quality ranges from excellent to poor 1017 to 1030 Shale Well yield is generally less than 1.0 L/s, water quality ranges from excellent to poor 1036 to 1055 Shale Well yield is generally less than 1.0 L/s, water quality ranges from excellent to poor 1121 to 1183 Shale Well yield is generally less than 1.0 L/s, water quality ranges from excellent to poor 1191 to 1213 Sandstone and Aquifer thickness ranges from 1 – 10 m; well yield is generally sand around 1.0 L/s but yield of more than 10 L/s is not unusual; salty water with a total dissolved solids concentration of 5,000 mg/L to 100,000 mg/L. 1213 to 1245 Limestone and Well yield is generally more than 1.0 L/s, potential intermittent dolomite yield of high capacity wells may be more than 100 L/s, water quality is very salty with total dissolved solids concentration between 5,000 mg/L to 100,000 mg/L
Source: Manitoba Natural Resources 1987a
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TABLE 6.8
SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFERS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Aquifer Description 959 to 961 Alluvial and Aquifer size ranges from small thin pockets to some fairly glaciofluvial sand and thick and extensive aquifers; well yield ranges from 0.1 L/s to gravel 50 L/s, water quality is poor to good 961 to 969 Few widely scattered Bedrock at or near ground surface or surficial deposits mainly minor sand and of low permeability; groundwater problem area where bedrock gravel aquifers aquifers do not exist 969 to 981 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent 981 to 987 Thin unconfined sand Well yield is generally less than 0.5 L/s, quality is fair to good 987 to 1027 Thick and extensive Small parts of aquifers may be confined or semi-confined; well unconfined sand and yield ranges from 10 L/s to 75 L/s, water quality is fair to gravel excellent 1027 to 1034 Thin unconfined sand Small parts of aquifers may be confined or semi-confined; well yield ranges from 10 L/s to 75 L/s, water quality is fair to excellent 1034 to 1053 Major buried sand Depth to the aquifer ranges from a few metres to more than and gravel 100 m; water quality is poor to excellent, well yield ranges from less than 10 L/s to more than 100 L/s 1053 to 1076 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent 1076 to 1081 Few widely scattered Bedrock at or near ground surface or surficial deposits mainly minor sand and of low permeability; groundwater problem area where bedrock gravel aquifers aquifers do not exist 1081 to 1112 Thin unconfined sand Well yield is generally less than 0.5 L/s, quality is fair to good 1112 to 1146 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent 1146 to 1178 Few widely scattered Bedrock at or near ground surface or surficial deposits mainly minor sand and of low permeability; groundwater problem area where bedrock gravel aquifers aquifers do not exist 1178 to 1203 Thin unconfined sand Well yield is generally less than 0.5 L/s, quality is fair to good 1203 to 1210 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent 1210 to 1213 Major buried sand Depth to the aquifer ranges from a few metres to more than and gravel 100 m; water quality is poor to excellent, well yield ranges from less than 10 L/s to more than 100 L/s 1213 to 1234 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent; very poor to saline water, T.D.S. 2,500 mg/L to 5,000 mg/L, not potable 1234 to 1238 Thin unconfined sand Well yield is generally less than 0.5 L/s, quality is fair to good 1238 to 1243 Lenses of sand and Depth to aquifers is from a few metres to more than 100 m; gravel well yield ranges from less than 0.1 L/s to more than 10 L/s, water quality is very poor to excellent; salty to very salty water with a T.D.S. of 5,000 mg/L to more than 25,000 mg/L Source: Manitoba Natural Resources 1987b
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Fish This subsection provides a general summary of the fish species found in watercourses crossed along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna. Determining the fish species present within the streams and rivers is critical to the development of appropriate mitigative measures. Sport fish species reported in watercourses crossed by the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are listed in Table 6.9. A Fish Habitat Assessment was conducted for most watercourses along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna by R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. (1998b) and is on file with the NEB.
TABLE 6.9
SPORT FISH SPECIES REPORTED IN THE WATERCOURSES TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Watercourse Fish Species Present Spawning Period 1065.8 Black Creek NA NA 1073.5 Souris River NP, WE, BH, SA spring 1078.4 Spring Brook NA NA 1079 Spring Brook NA NA 1086.9 Oak Creek YP, WE spring 1109.3 Oak Creek YP, WE spring 1110.3 Oak Creek YP, , NE spring 1120.1 Cypress River NP, YP, WE spring 1131.6 Cypress River NP, YP, WE spring 1164 Mary Jane Creek NP, YP, WE spring 1186.3 Thornhill Coulee NP spring 1196.8 Deadhorse Creek NP, YP, WE spring 1211.1 Hespeler Creek NA NA 1220.1 Rosenheim Drain NA NA 1224.4 Buffalo Drain NA NA 1227.4 Buffalo Creek NP spring
BH = Bullhead SA = Sauger NA = Information Not Available WE = Walleye NP = Northern Pike YP = Yellow Perch
Sources: Wright, Chranowski pers. comm., R.L. & L. Environmental Services Ltd. 1998b
Most of the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses watersheds rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1980) as ranging from having moderate (Class 3) to severe (Class 4) limitations to the production of sport fish. Limiting factors include short shoreline compared to area, ion imbalance or the lack of special physical features such as spawning habitat. Although a small portion of the pipeline route from KP 1092 to KP 1108 traverses watershed lands near the Assiniboine River which have been rated as having only slight
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(Class 2) limitations to the production of sport fish, no water crossings are encountered within the rated area.
6.4 Vegetation
This subsection describes the vegetation and ecoregions encountered along the route from Cromer to Gretna and will assist in identifying any concerns associated with reclamation. In addition, rare plants potentially occurring along the route are identified. The potential for grass and bush fires along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna is dependent upon moisture and temperature and therefore, the fire hazard varies from year to year.
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion from approximately KP 959 to 1122, KP 1149 to KP 1163, and KP 1171 to KP 1194. The Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion is traversed from approximately KP 1122 to KP 1149 and KP 1163 to KP 1171, while the easternmost segment of the pipeline route traverses the Lake Manitoba Plain Ecoregion from approximately KP 1194 to KP 1245 (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
Most of the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion. Typical native vegetation in this ecoregion consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. However, native vegetation is no longer common since the high productivity of this ecoregion has resulted in large-scale clearing for agriculture. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly- drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
In the vicinity of the Pembina Hills, the pipeline traverses the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Upper elevations in this ecoregion are typically wooded with a closed cover. Trembling aspen is the most abundant tree species, followed by balsam poplar and lesser quantities of white spruce and balsam fir. Typical understories are tall shrubs with a ground cover of mixed herbs. Sedges, willow, tamarack, and some black spruce can be found in sites that are poorly drained (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
The pipeline route in the vicinity of Gretna traverses the Lake Manitoba Plain Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). This ecoregion is composed of trembling aspen groves on moist sites with bur oak and rough fescue grasslands on drier sites. Where the soil is poorly drained, willow and sedge communities may be found. The Lake Manitoba Plain is the transitional region between the northern boreal forests and the southwestern aspen parklands in Manitoba (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
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Weed control on agricultural land is of concern to farmers and local government agencies. Weed species of concern in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna include leafy spurge, quack grass, Canada thistle, wild oats, green and yellow foxtail, scentless chamomile, redroot pigweed, buckwheat, hempnettle, round-leaved mallow, kochia and milkweed (Hollinger, Lischka, Kletke, Nedohin, Cabak, Crowson and Picard pers. comm.).
Rare plants identified during rare plant surveys conducted in 1998 along the existing Enbridge right-of-way are presented in Table 6.10 (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Vascular plant species of special conservation status within the vicinity of the pipeline route, their habitat as well as federal and provincial status are listed in Appendix B. The Manitoba Conservation Data Centre has a record of plains reed grass near KP 1194 to KP 1195 (Blouin pers. comm.).
TABLE 6.10
RARE PLANT LOCATIONS FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Species Name Common Name Status Notes 1004.4 to 1004.9 Andropogon hallii sand bluestem S1, N1 on or adjacent to south side of ROW
Note: National (N) and Provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c
6.5 Wildlife
This subsection identifies the wildlife habitats that are traversed by the pipeline route and addresses any site-specific habitats that may be affected. This information assists in identifying any mitigative measures that may be implemented during construction.
Species with special conservation status with ranges in the vicinity of the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are listed in Appendix C. A wildlife survey was conducted in 1998 along most of the Enbridge right-of-way from Cromer to Gretna (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998d). The wildlife species with special conservation status that have been observed during previous wildlife surveys along native vegetation and improved pasture segments of the route from Cromer to Gretna are identified in Table 6.11.
Although one Canada Goose Refuge is traversed near Oak Lake (KP 988.9 to KP 1004.9), there are no other designated wildlife refuges on Crown land along the pipeline route (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1980, 1991, Manitoba Department
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of Mines and Technical Surveys 1988). No other Wildlife Management Areas, Provincial or National Parks, Provincial Forests, Public Shooting Grounds or Community Pastures are encountered along this portion of the pipeline route.
TABLE 6.11
SUMMARY OF WILDLIFE SURVEY RESULTS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Legal Description Observation 988 to 993 8,9,10-9-25 WPM plains spadefoot toad habitat 1000.8 NE 4-9-24 WPM red-tailed hawk nest 1001.5 to 1002.2 SW 2-9-24 WPM eared grebe nesting colony at north end of wetland 1005.7 NW 36-8-24 WPM red-tailed hawk nest 1073.5 E 1/2 22-7-17 WPM northern leopard frog habitat, snapping turtle habitat, painted turtle habitat 1131.6 NE 31-5-11 WPM painted turtle habitat 1132.0 NW 32-5-11 WPM painted turtle habitat 1160.8 NE 23-4-9 WPM American bittern habitat 1186.3 SE 19-3-6 WPM American bittern habitat 1196.8 SW 6-3-5 WPM northern leopard frog around pond in golf course
Source: TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998d
Ungulates Most of the lands along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970k, 1974c,d) as ranging from having moderate (Class 4) to severe (Class 6) limitations to the production of ungulates. The lands along the pipeline route which have been rated as having no significant (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of ungulates are identified in Table 6.12. The Canada Land Inventory ratings for the capability of all the lands along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets. Winter range habitat is also traversed by this portion of the route. These winter ranges are usually found in river or creek valleys such as Thornhill Coulee (KP 1184.3 to KP 1186.4), Deadhorse Creek (KP 1196.1 to KP 1197) and two unnamed creeks near Swan Lake (KP 1139.9 to KP 1140 and KP 1140.9 to KP 1141.1) (Canada Land Inventory (1970k, 1974c,d).
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TABLE 6.12
LANDS ALONG THE SEGMENT OF THE PIPELINE ROUTE RATED AS HAVING NO SIGNIFICANT (CLASS 1) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF UNGULATES FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Class Limitations 959 to 972.3 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 973.3 to 978.6 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 1008.9 to 1011.6 3W Poor soil fertility impeding plant growth and poor soil moisture – Winter range 1050.6 to 1056.5 1 1072.6 to 1074.2 2 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 1086.8 to 1087.2 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 1120.7 to 1134.5 1 1134.5 to 1137.9 3 Poor soil moisture and distribution or interspersion of landforms 1137.9 to 1139.9 1 1139.9 to 1140 1W Winter range 1140 to 1140.9 1 1140.9 to 1141.1 1W Winter range 1141.4 to 1147.8 1 1147.8 to 1155.4 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms 1176 to 1179.7 1 1179.7 to 1184.3 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 1184.3 to 1186.4 1W Winter range 1186.4 to 1191 3 Habitat adversely affected by aridity 1191 to 1195.2 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of landforms and soil moisture 1196.1 to 1197 1W Winter range
Notes: Class 1 = No significant limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 2 = Very slight limitations to the production of ungulates. Class 3 = Slight limitations to the production of ungulates. W = Winter Range Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970k, 1974c,d
Birds Lands along the pipeline route generally provide poor waterfowl habitat. Most of the lands have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970n,o, 1973f) as ranging from having moderate (Class 4) to severe (Class 6) limitations to the production of waterfowl due to the lack of or permanency of wetlands. However, the pipeline route encounters a Canada goose Refuge from KP 988.1 to KP 1004.9. In addition, some lands, mainly occurring along the route near Cromer, Nesbitt and the Cypress River, have been rated as having very slight (Class 2) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of waterfowl.
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Lands along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna which have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no significant (Class 1) to slight (Class 3) limitations to the production of waterfowl are presented in Table 6.13. All Canada Land Inventory capability ratings for waterfowl production are presented on the Environmental Alignment Sheets.
TABLE 6.13
LANDS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE RATED AS HAVING VERY SLIGHT (CLASS 2) TO SLIGHT (CLASS 3) LIMITATIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF WATERFOWL FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Class Limitations 965.2 to 972.4 2 Poor distribution or interspersion of marshes or basins. 974 to 977 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of marshes or basins. 1051.2 to 1062.6 3 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands. 1108.3 to 1112.3 3 Poor distribution or interspersion of marshes or basins. 1121.9 to 1122.3 3 Fertility limits plant growth. 1123.5 to 1124.7 3 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands. 1126.1 to 1130.9 3 Topography limits the development or permanency of wetlands.
Notes: Class 2 = Very slight limitations to the production of waterfowl. Class 3 = Slight limitations to the production of waterfowl.
Sources: Canada Land Inventory 1970n,o, 1973f
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses a Ducks Unlimited Canada Wetland Project from KP 1052.9 to KP 1053.7 (Witherspoon pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses eight habitat subregions as defined by Poston et al. (1990). These subregions are landscape divisions based primarily on soils, however, are also distinct on the basis of elevation, relief, landform, drainage and general substrate. Of these eight habitat subregions, six subregions contain habitat of varying significance for migratory birds as listed in Table 6.14. Oak Lake (KP 993.5 to KP 994.5) was identified as having regional importance for nonbreeding great blue heron (Poston et al. 1990).
6.6 Zoning, Land and Natural Resource Use
This subsection identifies the administrative districts as well as land and natural resource uses traversed by the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna.
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna does not traverse any Metis Settlements, tree nurseries, sod farms, provincial or regional parks, lands under Parks Canada's jurisdiction,
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historic sites, conservation areas, International Biological Program sites, ecological reserves, preserves or voluntarily protected areas (McFaden, Merkl, Hernandez pers. comm.).
TABLE 6.14
SIGNIFICANT MIGRATORY BIRD HABITAT SUBREGIONS THAT ARE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP (approx. Habitat Significance* ) Subregion (National, Regional or Local) 959 to 977 Pipestone Plain National – breeding ducks No. 4.56 Local – breeding burrowing owls 977 to 1065 Lake Souris Plain National – staging ducks and geese, breeding No. 4.60 loggerhead shrike Regional – non-breeding colonial birds, breeding burrowing owl and ferruginous hawk Local – moulting and staging ducks 1065 to 1114 Tiger Hills Regional – breeding colonial birds No. 4.66 Local – breeding ferruginous hawk 1114 to 1119 Brandon Lakes Local – staging ducks and geese, breeding ferruginous Plain hawk, burrowing owl and loggerhead shrike. No. 4.65 1119 to 1130 Tiger Hills Regional – breeding colonial birds No. 4.66 Local – breeding ferruginous hawk 1193 to 1245 Red River Valley National – staging geese. No. 22.01 Regional – staging ducks.
Note: * While the pipeline route traverses the habitat subregion, it may not traverse any site-specific areas providing the noted significance. Source: Poston et al. 1990
Municipal Jurisdiction and Zoning The ten rural municipalities, the Town of Morden and the villages of Schanzenfield and Gretna along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are indicated on the Environmental Alignment Sheets and are identified in Table 6.15. The Enbridge pipeline system traverses the northeastern tip of the Swan Lake Indian Reserve (KP 1138.2 to KP 1139.2). Land use zoning along the route is also presented in Table 6.16. Most of the lands crossed by the pipeline route are zoned Agricultural.
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TABLE 6.15
MUNICIPAL JURISDICTION ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Municipality Authority Zoning 958.9 to 986.6 R.M. of Pipestone No. 162 No Zoning Bylaws 1 986.6 to 1016.7 R.M. of Sifton No. 184 No Zoning Bylaws 2 1016.7 to 1047 R.M. of Glenwood No. 131 Agricultural (AG80) 3 1047 to 1077.4 R.M. of Oakland No. 157 No Zoning Bylaws 4 1077.4 to 1106.6 R.M. of South Cypress No. 187 Agricultural 5 1106.6 to 1119 R.M. of Argyle No. 102 Agricultural 6 1119 to 1153.5 R.M. of Lorne No. 144 No Zoning Bylaws 7 1153.5 to 1185.2 R.M. of Pembina No. 161 No Zoning Bylaws 8 1185.2 to 1195.2 R.M. of Stanley No. 190 Agricultural 9 1195.2 to 1197.9 Town of Morden Urban Residential 10 1197.9 to 1211 R.M. of Stanley No. 190 Agricultural 9 1211 to 1211.2 Village of Schanzenfield N/A 1211.2 to 1218 R.M of Stanley No. 190 Agricultural 9 1218 to 1242.9 R.M. of Rhineland No. 164 Agricultural Zone (KP 1218 to KP 1240.6) Restricted Agricultural Zone (KP 1240.6 to KP 1244.5) 11 1242.9 to 1243.4 Village of Gretna Urban Residential 12 1243.4 to 1245.1 R.M. of Rhineland No. 164 Restricted Residential Zone (KP 1243.4 to KP 1244.5) Agricultural (KP 1244.5 to KP 1245.1) 11
Sources: 1 Busby pers. comm. 6 Dearsley pers. comm. 11 Rural Municipality of 2 Smith pers. comm. 7 Turner pers. comm. Rhineland 1990 3 Bauldic pers. comm. 8 Young pers. comm. Bergen pers. comm. 4 Boake pers. comm. 9 Klippenstein pers. comm. 12 Harder pers. comm. 5 Plaetinck pers. comm. 10 Bergmann pers. comm.
Land Use Land use along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna consists of approximately 72% cultivated, 10% hay land, 8% improved pasture, 4% native pasture or bush pasture and the remaining 6% multiple use ( e.g., gravel pits, recreational, cleared lands) (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). In addition, the pipeline route traverses numerous shelterbelts and hedgerows as well as encroaches on a landfill near KP 1245.1.
Agriculture is the dominant land use along the pipeline route. Commonly grown crops include wheat, barley, oats, fall rye, flax and canola. Traditionally, the specialty crops grown in the area have included peas, lentils, beans, potatoes, buckwheat, corn, coriander, caraway and sunflowers. However, these crops are susceptible to market value changes
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and, therefore, their presence and abundance may change from year to year (Cabak, Crowson, Hollinger, Nedohin, Lischka, Kletke and Picard pers. comm.).
Industrial and Natural Resource Use Licensed water users within 10 km downstream of water crossings along the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna are identified in Table 6.16. Aggregate deposits encountered along the route from Cromer to Gretna are identified on Table 6.17.
TABLE 6.16
LICENSED WATER USERS WITHIN 10 km DOWNSTREAM OF WATERCOURSES CROSSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Watercourse Legal Licensed Water User 1073.5 Souris River SE 22-7-17 WPM W. Ellis, M.H. and A.M. Leachman 1164 Mary Jane Creek NW 18-4-8 WPM Manitoba Water Services Board 1196.8 Deadhorse Creek SW 6-3-5 WPM R.M. of Stanley Minnewasta Golf and Country Club Town of Morden Manitoba Water Services Board P.D.W. Wiebe
Source: Bodnaruk pers. comm.
TABLE 6.17
AGGREGATE RESOURCES ALONG THE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Resource 972.3 to 973.1 Aggregate deposit 977.7 to 978 Aggregate deposit 1190 to 1190.1 Aggregate deposit 1192 to 1192.1 Aggregate deposit 1194.4 to 1194.5 Aggregate deposit 1197.5 to 1197.8 Aggregate deposit 1199.8 to 1199.9 Aggregate deposit
Sources: Manitoba Energy and Mines 1988a,b,c
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Outdoor Activities The Canada Land Inventory (1971i,j, 1973g) has rated most of the lands along the route from Cromer to Gretna as having moderately low (Class 5) to low (Class 6) capability for outdoor recreation. Apart from these lands, the area surrounding Lake Minnewasta (KP 1196.1 to KP 1197) has been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1971j) as having moderately high (Class 3) capability for outdoor recreation with a shoreland capable of supporting family beach activities and suited to organized camping.
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses the Minnewasta Golf and Country Club golf course near Morden from KP 1196.7 to KP 1197. The route does not traverse any ecological reserves or voluntarily protected areas (Hernadez pers. comm.).
The pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna traverses Game Hunting Areas (GHA) No. 27, 28, 30, 31 and 33 (Table 6.18) (Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a). The big game hunting season for moose extends from mid- to late November for GHA 30 and from early to mid- December for GHA 31, while for elk, the hunting season extends from late August to late October in GHA 30. The route lies almost entirely in Deer Hunting Zone E with a small portion from Winkler to Gretna falling into Deer Hunting Zone F. The white-tailed deer hunting seasons for these two zones extend from late August to late November.
The pipeline route lies within Game Bird Hunting Zone (GBHZ) 4. Game bird hunting season extends from late September to late November for ducks, coots and snipe as well as geese, and from early to late September for sandhill cranes. Upland game bird hunting seasons begin in mid-September and extend to late December for grouse and gray (Hungarian) partridge. The wild turkey hunting season extends from early to mid-May in GHA 27. In GHA No. 28, the pipeline route traverses a Canada Goose Refuge (KP 988.9 to KP 1004.9) where hunting of Canada goose is prohibited (Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a).
No other Wildlife Management Areas, Provincial or National Parks, Provincial Forest, Public Shooting Grounds or Community Pastures are encountered along the pipeline route (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1980, 1991, Department of Mines and Technical Surveys 1988).
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TABLE 6.18
GAME HUNTING AREAS ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Game Hunting Area (GHA) 958.9 to 979.6 27 979.6 to 1053.7 28 1053.7 to 1088.6 30 1088.6 to 1212.6 31 1212.6 to 1245.2 33
Source: Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a
The pipeline route lies entirely within the Southern Fishing Division where fishing season is open from May 10 until March 31 (Manitoba Natural Resources 1999b).
The pipeline route traverses Open Area Zone 1 trapping area (Manitoba Natural Resources 1999a). Trapping in this Open Trapline District requires a Manitoba Trapper’s Licence which allows a person to trap anywhere in the Open Area, with permission from the landowner. Furbearer species of interest for trapping include: badger; bear; beaver; coyote; ermine; fisher; blue/cross/red/silver/white fox; lynx; marten; mink; muskrat; otter; raccoon; squirrel; timber wolf and wolverine.
6.7 Socio-Economic Characteristics
The following subsection describes the socio-economic factors of select communities located near the pipeline route from Cromer to Gretna. Recent statistics in each community have been provided by Westman Economic Development Association Inc. (1997), Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. (1991), Brandon Economic Development Board (1997). Table 6.19 provides a summary of the services available in the vicinity of the route.
The Village of Cromer, population 27, is located approximately 2.4 km south of the route near KP 960. The village is situated east of the Saskatchewan/Manitoba border in the Rural Municipality of Pipestone No. 162. Access is via Highway 256 by road and is serviced by the Canadian National Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The major economic base is the petroleum industry (Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997).
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TABLE 6.19
COMMUNITY PROFILES ALONG THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Rail Service Schools Recreation Hotels/Motels Campgrounds Bus Courier Play- Field No. of Total Serviced COMMUNITY Population Airport CN CP Service Service Taxis Public Separate Clinics Hospitals Fire Police Ambulance Arena Curling grounds Baseball Sports Library Golf Pool No. rooms No. Sites Sites Restaurants Shopping Banks Cromer 27 N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N Y N Y N N N N N N 1 U U Virden 3,137 Y N Y Y Y U Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 4 110 2 63 Y U Y U Brandon 140,202 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 20 962 3 172 Y 90 Y 16 Souris 1,662 N N Y Y Y U Y U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y 1 16 1 90 Y U Y 3 Wawanesa 482 N N N Y U U Y U N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U U Y U 1 8 1 27 Y 1 Y U Glenboro 719 Y N Y Y Y U Y U N Y Y Y Y U U U U U U Y U 2 29 1 N U 3 Y 2 Somerset 522 Y Y N Y Y N Y N Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y 1 6 1 12 Y 3 Y 1 Morden 5,310 Y N Y U Y U Y N Y Y U U Y U U Y U U Y Y U 3 83 1 170 Y 20 Y 4 Winkler 6,325 Y N Y Y Y U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U U Y U U Y Y U 2 52 1 46 Y 20 Y 5 Altona 3,740 Y N Y U Y U Y N Y Y U U Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y 1 24 1 20 Y 9 Y 2 Gretna 570 N N Y U Y U Y Y Y N U U N Y Y Y Y U Y Y U 2 13+ U U N 4 Y 1
6-28 Sources: Travel Manitoba 1997 Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997
Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991 Brandon Economic Development Board 1997 Talbot pers. comm.
NOTES: Y = Yes N = No U = Unknown
The Town of Virden is located approximately 12 km north of the pipeline route near KP 980 in the Rural Municipality of Wallace No. 199. The population of Virden is 3,137. Access is via Highways 1, 257 and 83 by road and the town is serviced by Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The major economic base of Virden is the oil industry and agriculture.
The City of Brandon, population 40,202, is located in the Rural Municipality of Cornwallis No. 116. Brandon is approximately 23 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1054. Major access is via Highways 1, 1A, 10 and 457 (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The city is serviced by both national railways. Brandon has a public airport and all major services and shopping. The major economic base is agriculture and manufacturing (Brandon Economic Development Board 1997).
The Town of Souris is situated at the junction of Plum Creek and the Souris River. Souris is 3.6 km south of the pipeline route near KP 1032. The town is located in the Rural Municipality of Glenwood No. 131 and has a population of 1,662. Access to Souris is via Highways 2 and 22. The community is served by Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The major economic base is agriculture (Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997).
The Village of Wawanesa is located 1.3 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1074. The town is located in the Rural Municipality of Oakland No. 157 and has a population of 482. Access to the community is by Highway 2 and access road 344 (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). Wawanesa is situated adjacent to the Souris River. The major economic bases are agriculture and tourism (Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997).
The Village of Glenboro, which has a population of 719, is located 1.7 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1103. The village is situated in the Rural Municipality of South Cypress No. 187. Access is via Highways 5 and 2. Rail service is provided by Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). Glenboro has a municipal airport, with the longest runway being 1.6 km. The major economic sector is agriculture with Glenboro supplying farm machinery and technical services to the area (Westman Economic Development Association Inc. 1997).
The Village of Somerset is located approximately 5.1 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1175. Somerset has a population of 522 and is accessible via Highways 242 and 23 (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The village is situated in the Rural Municipality of Pembina No. 161. The economic base of Somerset is agriculture, and there is also a cement plant (Talbot pers. comm.).
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The Town of Morden is located 0.1 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1197. Morden is located in the Rural Municipality of Stanley No. 190 and has a population of 5,310. Access to the town is by Highway 3 and Secondary Highway 432. Deadhorse Creek flows through the town. Morden is served by Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The town also has a lighted 1,195 m long runway at the Morden Airport which provides charter service. The agricultural sector of Morden’s economy is well developed as farmers produce more than 15 different crops for commercial use. Morden also has one of the best industrial parks in rural Manitoba. The variety of industries, including processing and manufacturing, produce more than 30 different products for the domestic and international markets (Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991).
The Town of Winkler is located 3.8 km northeast of the pipeline route near KP 1232. The town is situated in the Rural Municipality of Stanley No. 190 and has a population of 6,325. Access to the town is via Highways 32 and 14. Rail service is provided via Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). Winkler’s local airport does not have charter service. Winkler has a predominant agriculture sector as well as a processing and industrial sector. Winkler is the hub of industrial and commercial activity in southern Manitoba. The total labour force is 2,855 (Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991).
The Town of Altona is located approximately 8.8 km north of the pipeline route near KP 1242, and about 10 km north of the United States border. The town has a population of 3,522 and is located in the Rural Municipality of Rhineland No. 164. Access is via Highways 30 and 201 (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). Canadian Pacific Railway provides rail service to Altona, where the major economic base is agriculture. Besides providing services to farms, Altona has a printing plant and an oil seed processing plant (Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991).
The Village of Gretna is situated at the Canada-United States border in the Rural Municipality of Rhineland No. 164. The town is located 0.7 km south of the pipeline route. The town has a population of 570. Access to the town is by Highway 30. Gretna is served by Canadian Pacific Railway (Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1996). The major economic base is agriculture. Gretna is primarily an agricultural support centre for the surrounding areas (Pembina Valley Development Corporation Inc. 1991).
The pipeline route crosses numerous primary and secondary highways as well as both Canadian Pacific (CP) and Canadian National (CN) rail lines (Table 6.20). An extensive network of primary and secondary highways as well as local and municipal roads provide access throughout the rural areas. Commercial air passenger and air freight services are provided by a number of Canadian and US carriers at the Winnipeg International Airport and the airport in Brandon.
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TABLE 6.20
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRAVERSED BY THE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
KP Primary Highway Secondary Highway Railway 959.9 --- Hwy. 256 --- 971.2 --- Hwy. 252 --- 979.6 Hwy. 83 ------983.85 ------CN 984.85 --- Hwy. 255 --- 998.05 --- Hwy. 254 --- 1016.7 Hwy. 21 ------1031.8 --- Hwy. 250 --- 1033.1 ------CP 1046.95 --- Hwy. 348 --- 1051.2 Hwy. 2 ------1053.7 Hwy. 10 / Hwy. 2 ------1064 ------CP 1069.5 --- Hwy. 344 --- 1075.05 --- Hwy. 344 --- 1088.6 Hwy. 2 ------1094 --- Hwy. 340 --- 1104.1 Hwy. 5 ------1115.2 --- Hwy. 245 --- 1119 --- Hwy. 342 --- 1119.6 --- Hwy. 245 --- 1124.25 --- Hwy. 532 --- 1133.25 --- Hwy. 530 --- 1138.25 ------CN 1139.2 Hwy. 34 ------1142.1 Hwy. 23 ------1153.75 --- Hwy. 242 --- 1163.2 --- Hwy. 244 --- 1177.9 --- Hwy. 240 --- 1188.9 --- Hwy. 338 --- 1191.8 ------CP 1194.05 Hwy. 3 ------1196.1 --- Hwy. 434 --- 1197.9 --- Hwy. 432 --- 1212.6 Hwy. 32 ------1219.09 --- Hwy. 201 --- 1227.05 --- Hwy. 306 --- 1238.3 --- Hwy 243 --- 1242.3 ------CP 1242.9 --- Hwy. 524/243 --- 1243.4 Hwy. 30 ------
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6.8 Heritage Resources
In a previous archaeological study along the route from Cromer to Gretna, twenty sites were recorded within or adjacent to the Enbridge right-of-way (see Table 6.21). All but one of the sites is a precontact site and the remaining site represents a homestead of historical interest. Sections of the route with concentrations of recorded archaeological sites are near Oak Lake, the Souris and Cypress rivers as well as Thornhill Coulee (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997).
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TABLE 6.21
HERITAGE RESOURCES SITES THAT OCCUR ALONG THE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Site KP Number Site Type Comments 995.8 DkMe5 precontact - isolated find Projectile point 1002.8 DkMd12 precontact - artifact scatter Chalcedony flake, quartz flake 1009.3 DkMd7 precontact - campsite Finished tools and flakes of chalcedony, chert and bone 1009.8 DkMd9 precontact - campsite Flakes of chalcedony, firebroken rock and bone 1010 DkMd8 precontact - isolated find Chert flake 1024.8 DkMc2 precontact - campsite Chert projectile point and flake, fragments and bone 1051.5 DjLx3 precontact - isolated find Retouched flake 1068.3 DjLw4 precontact - isolated find Quartzite core fragment 1072.6 DjLw5 precontact - campsite Bifaces, lithic debitage and firebroken rock 1074.4 DjLw6 precontact - isolated find Chert flake fragments 1078.2 DjLv13 historic - homestead Log structure 1087.1 DjLv14 precontact - isolated find Chert biface 1131.6 DiLr3 precontact - isolated find Chert flake 1132.8 DiLr4 precontact - artifact scatter Chert biface and core fragments 1136.6 DiLr5 precontact - campsite Firebroken rock, flakes, chert projectile point and debitage 1149.5 DiLq1 precontact - artifact scatter Chert flakes and core 1180.8 DhLo3 precontact - artifact scatter Chert flakes 1184.9 DhLn14 precontact - artifact scatter Chert flakes 1187.3 DhLn15 precontact - artifact scatter Quartzite flake and chert core 1220 DgL18 precontact - isolated find Chert biface fragment, quartzite flake
Source: Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates Ltd. 1997b, 1998b
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7.0 WESTERN REGION FACILITIES
The following subsections describe the environmental and socio-economic setting at the Enbridge Facilities within the Western Region. Kilometre Post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along the Enbridge pipeline right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) to Milden Station (KP 475.1).
7.1 Edmonton Terminal (SE 5-53-23 W4M, NE 32-52-23 W4M)
Physiography The region of the Edmonton Terminal is characterized by undulating till plains and lies within the Lake Edmonton Plains district of the Edmonton Plains section of the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The area slopes northwest towards the North Saskatchewan River located about 2 km to the north. Surface elevations in the area of the terminal range from 683 to 689 m and slope to the southeast. The terrain in the area of the terminal is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are 8 to 10 m thick and generally consist of glacial clay till forming stagnation moraine (Shetsen 1990). The stagnation moraine forms moderately developed hummocky topography with a local relief of 3 to 20 m. Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered clay till consisting of unsorted clay, silt, sand and gravels to the bedrock surface (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Sand seams and pockets were encountered throughout. The underlying bedrock of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and is at a depth of about 8 to 10 m (Hamilton et al. 1999). This formation consists of grey, feldspathic, clayey sandstone; grey bentonitic mudstone and carbonaceous shale; concretionary ironstone beds; scattered coal and bentonite beds of variable thickness; and minor limestone beds (Hamilton et al. 1999). The bedrock surface slopes to the north.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of the Edmonton Terminal are predominantly Orthic and Eluviated Black Chernozems of the Angus Ridge Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a). These soils are characterized by loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 30 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1967a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the productivity of crops due to the hummocky topography.
Vegetation The terminal lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). Forests in the Central Parkland Subregion may
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be dominated by aspen or balsam poplar, with the latter being found in moister depressions. Understories throughout the Central Parkland Subregion tend to be dense with a variety of species. Snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, and chokecherry are some of the characteristic understory species of an aspen forest. Moister balsam poplar forests have a typical understory that includes species such as red osier dogwood pussywillow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bluebells and blueberry. Several species are common to both aspen and balsam poplar forests including woods rose, low-bush cranberry, wild red raspberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle and sarsaparilla (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a).
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion where the terminal is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson 1996).
Agricultural lands in the vicinity of the terminal are cultivated or sown to hay. Some improved pasture is also present.
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area and the terminal flows into bar ditches surrounding the terminal. A small intermittent creek receives run-off from the Enbridge Edmonton Terminal as well as other adjacent oil and gas facilities.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the terminal.
Wildlife No Wildlife Key Areas are located in the vicinity of the terminal (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981a). The Canada Land Inventory (1969) has rated the surrounding lands as having very slight limitations (Class 2) to the productivity of ungulates due to the adverse topography, however, many of these lands are currently under heavy industrial or residential land use.
The lands in the vicinity of the terminal have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970d) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within or adjacent to the terminal.
Land Use The Edmonton Terminal is located on lands administered by the County of Strathcona No. 20 and has been zoned as Medium Industrial (County of Strathcona No. 20 1990;
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Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1984). The dominant land use to the south of the terminal is agricultural while lands to the west, north and further south are heavy industrial. Urban residential districts are located to the east, with no screening surrounding the terminal site present.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, industrial or residential land use, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the terminal is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1972a) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within the existing terminal boundaries (Edmonton Metropolitan Regional Planning Commission 1989). However, the terminal is in proximity to the Sherwood Park Natural Area (SE 11-52- 23 W4M).
Socio-Economic Setting The City of Edmonton is located adjacent to the Enbridge Edmonton Terminal. The city has a population of 616,306, while the Edmonton Metropolitan area has a population of 850,000 (Alberta Motor Association 1999, Alberta First Com. Ltd. 1999). Access to the terminal is provided by Provincial Highway 216 and Baseline Road, as well as city and county roads. Sherwood Park, a hamlet located within the greater Edmonton Metropolitan area, is located approximately 3 km southeast of the Edmonton Terminal. Sherwood Park has a population of 39,614 and provides a large variety of retail and commercial services including 103 rooms (Alberta Motor Association 1999, Alberta First Com. Ltd. 1999). The facilities and services available in the Edmonton Metropolitan area include 8,144+ hotel and motel rooms as well as 7 campgrounds with 1,023 sites available (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural and industrial land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous historical resources overviews (Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. 1993).
7.2 Kingman Station (SE 5-49-20 W4M)
Physiography The Kingman Station area is characterized by undulating to strongly rolling till plains and lies within the Beaver Hills Upland district of the Cooking Lake Uplands section in the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The surface elevation of the
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station is about 771 m and generally slopes to the southeast. The terrain in the area of the station is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are 10 m thick and consist of clay over glacial clay till forming moderately to strongly developed hummocky topography (Shetsen 1990). The hummocky topography consists of varying thicknesses of glacial till deposited during ice stagnation (Shetsen 1990). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated sandy clay over clay till to the bedrock surface (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Sand was encountered at isolated locations. The surficial clay and sand was found to depths of 1.5 to 4.3 m and may have been fill used to level the station site. Sand seams were encountered throughout the clay till. The Horseshoe Canyon bedrock formation underlies the Kingman Station. This mainly nonmarine strata consists of grey feldspathic clayey sandstones, grey bentonitic mudstones and carbonaceous shales, concretionary ironstone beds, scattered coal bentonitic beds of variable thickness, with minor limestone beds and occurs at a depth of 10 m (Hamilton et al. 1999).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Kingman Station are Orthic and Eluviated Black Chernozems of the Angus Ridge Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a). These soils are characterized by a loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 35 to 40 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1967a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to dryland farming. Limitations include hummocky topography and soil limitations such as undesirable structure, low natural fertility or low moisture-holding capacity.
Vegetation The station lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a), which is comparable to the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Forests in the Central Parkland Subregion may be dominated by aspen or balsam poplar, with the latter being found in moister depressions. Understories throughout the Central Parkland Subregion tend to be dense with a variety of species. Snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, and chokecherry are some of the characteristic understory species of an aspen forest. Moister balsam poplar forests have a typical understory that includes species such as red osier dogwood pussywillow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bluebells and blueberry. Several species are common to both aspen and balsam poplar forests including woods rose, low-bush cranberry, wild red raspberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle and sarsparilla (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a).
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A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson 1996).
The lands in the vicinity of the station are all cultivated.
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station flows into bar ditches surrounding the station as well as to marshes to the north and northeast.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Wildlife Key Areas are located in the vicinity of the station (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981a). The Canada Land Inventory (1969) has rated the surrounding lands as having very slight limitations (Class 2) to the productivity of ungulates due to adverse topography.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970d) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography and poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within the existing station site boundaries.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the County of Camrose No. 22 and has been zoned as A-Agricultural District (County of Camrose No. 22 1992). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with the most common activity being the planting of cereal and forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1972a) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately low (Class 5) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within the existing station boundaries. The station is not located in close proximity to any ESAs.
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Socio-Economic Setting No screening of the station is present, however, the nearest residence which is 300 m to the east is screened by a shelterbelt of trees. Camrose, located approximately 23 km southeast of Kingman Station, has a population of 13,728 people (Alberta Motor Association 1999). Camrose has 224 hotel and motel rooms available as well as a campground with 60 sites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b). Kingman is a hamlet located 9 km northeast of the station. The population of Kingman is 79 with no accommodations offered in the town. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 14 and 21, Secondary Highways 833, 834 and 617, as well as county grid roads.
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous historical resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1997a).
7.3 Strome Station (SW 2-46-15 W4M)
Physiography The Strome Station area is characterized by undulating till plains and lies within the Daysland Plain district in the Sullivan Lake Plain section of the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The surface elevation at the station is about 693 m. The terrain in the area of the station is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 10 m thick and generally consist of fine lacustrine clay and silts overlying glacial clay till (Shetsen 1990). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated 2 to 4 m of weathered high plastic clay followed by a weathered medium plastic clay till to the bedrock surface (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). The dark grey black shale and silty shale, greenish glacionitic and grey clayey sandstone, with thin concretionary ironstone and bentonite beds strata of the marine Bearpaw Formation occurs at a depth of 10 m (Hamilton et al. 1999).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Strome Station are saline Humic Gleysols of the Hairy Hill Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a). These soils are characterized by a silty loam to loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1971a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) due to undesirable soil structure and low permeability as well as excess water.
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Vegetation The station lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a), which is comparable to the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Forests in the Central Parkland Subregion may be dominated by aspen or balsam poplar, with the latter being found in moister depressions. Understories throughout the Central Parkland Subregion tend to be dense with a variety of species. Snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, and chokecherry are some of the characteristic understory species of an aspen forest. Moister balsam poplar forests have a typical understory that includes species such as red osier dogwood pussywillow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bluebells and blueberry. Several species are common to both aspen and balsam poplar forests including woods rose, low-bush cranberry, wild red raspberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle and sarsparilla (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a).
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson 1996).
The lands in the vicinity of the station are all cultivated.
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows south and east into a small marsh. Some surface run-off may flow to the west of the station.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Wildlife Key Areas for ungulates are located in the vicinity of the Strome Station (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981b). The Canada Land Inventory (1970b) has rated the surrounding lands as having very slight limitations (Class 2) to the productivity of ungulates due to adverse topography.
Wavy Lake, located 3 km south of Strome Station, has been identified as a Wildlife Key Area for staging and production of waterfowl (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1981b). The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970e) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to poor distribution of marshes.
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No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within the existing site boundaries.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the County of Flagstaff No. 29 and has been zoned as Agricultural (County of Flagstaff No. 29 1991). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with the most common activity being the planting of forages and cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1973a) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within the existing site boundaries. The station is not located in close proximity to any ESAs.
Socio-Economic Setting The station is partially screened to the south by a shelterbelt. However, the nearest local residence, which is approximately 500 m to the east is not screened. The nearest community is Strome (population 269), located approximately 19 km south of the station, but it is too small to offer any accommodations (Alberta Motor Association 1999). Daysland (population 679), located approximately 20 km southwest, has a motel with 10 rooms available (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a). Killam (population 1,048) is located approxi- mately 30 km southeast and offers 40 motel rooms, while Sedgewick (population 937) is located approximately 42 km southeast and provides 7 motel rooms, as well as 25 campground sites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b). Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 13, 26 and 36, Secondary Highways 855 and 856, as well as county grid roads.
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous historical resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1997a).
7.4 Hardisty Terminal (SE 30-42-9 W4M)
Physiography The Hardisty Terminal lies at the border of the Battle River district of the Lac La Biche Plain section and the Neutral Upland district of the Neutral Hills Uplands section of the
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Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The region of the Hardisty Terminal is characterized by an undulating outwash deposit and slopes towards the Battle River 1.5 km to the west. The terminal is located on the east slope of the valley. The surface elevation of the station is about 658 m. The terrain in the area of the terminal is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Surficial landforms in the area of the terminal consist of till plains and outwash deposits. Glacial deposits are reported to be 40 m thick and generally consist of ice contact fluvial deposits of sand and silt overlying clay till (Shetsen 1990). Site specific subsoil information from previously conducted geotechnical investigations at the terminal indicated variable deposits of sand, silt and silty sand to 20 m, clay to 27 m and clay till to at least 30 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). The Belly River Group, consisting of grey to greenish grey, thick-bedded, feldspathic sandstone; grey clayey siltstone, grey and green mudstone, and concretionary ironstone beds, is reported to be at a depth of 40 m (Hamilton et al. 1999). The bedrock surface slopes to the west.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of the Hardisty Terminal are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Wainwright Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. 1999). These soils are characterized by a loamy sand textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1970a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 4) due to adverse topography.
Vegetation The terminal lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). Forests in the Central Parkland Subregion may be dominated by aspen or balsam poplar, with the latter being found in moister depressions. Understories throughout the Central Parkland Subregion tend to be dense with a variety of species. Snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, and chokecherry are some of the characteristic understory species of an aspen forest. Moister balsam poplar forests have a typical understory that includes species such as red osier dogwood pussywillow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bluebells and blueberry. Several species are common to both aspen and balsam poplar forests including woods rose, low-bush cranberry, wild red raspberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle and sarsparilla (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). The lands in the vicinity of the terminal are pasture, bush pasture and industrial.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion where the terminal is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the
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terminal during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1999a, Wilkinson et al. 1993).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the terminal and the surrounding area flows to the north and east into a dammed creek. A bar ditch to the east may also collect some surface run-off.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the terminal.
Wildlife No Wildlife Key Areas are located in the vicinity of the Hardisty Terminal (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1985). The Canada Land Inventory (1970c) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the productivity of ungulates due to adverse topography and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the terminal have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970f) as having moderate limitations (Class 6) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography and soil moisture.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered at the terminal.
Land Use The terminal is located on lands administered by the Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and has been zoned as Agricultural (Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and Palliser Regional Municipal Services 1997). Ranching, as well as oil collection, storage and transportation are the most common land uses in the vicinity of the terminal.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and industrial activity in the area, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of Hardisty Terminal is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1973b) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within the vicinity of the terminal.
Socio-Economic Setting The town of Hardisty (population 808) is located approximately 4 km northwest of the terminal (Alberta Motor Association 1999). The terminal is partially screened trees from the nearest local residence, which is approximately 400 m to the north. Access to the terminal is provided by Provincial Highways 13, 36 and 41, Secondary Highway 881 as well
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as municipal grid roads. Hardisty offers 47 motel rooms and 2 campgrounds with a total of 69 sites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b). Additional accommodations are available in Irma (population 472), located 31 km north of the terminal, with 18 motel rooms; in Sedgewick (population 937), located 33 km to the northwest, with 7 motel rooms and 25 campground sites; and in Provost (population 1,904), located approximately 82 km southeast of the terminal, with 177+ motel rooms and 10 campsites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous historical resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993a, 1999).
7.5 Metiskow Station (SE 1-40-5 W4M)
Physiography The Metiskow Station area is characterized by rolling eolian deposits and lies within the Ribstone Plains district of the Snipe Lake Plain section of the Eastern Alberta Plains physiographic region (Pettapiece 1986). The surface elevation of the station is about 680 m. The terrain in the area of the station is rolling and slopes to the northeast.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 10 m thick and generally consist of eolian deposits of sand underlain by glacial clay till which occur as a result of ice-contact lacustrine and fluvial deposition along supraglacial lakes and streams and at margins of ice-floored proglacial lakes (Shetsen 1990). Site specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated sand to about 5 m followed by clay till to about 10 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Grey to greenish grey, thick-bedded feldspathic sandstone; grey clayey siltstones, grey and green mudstone; and concretionary ironstone beds of the Belly River Group was encountered at a depth of 10 m (Hamilton et al. 1999).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Metiskow Station are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Wainwright Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. 1999). These soils are characterized by a loamy sand-textured topsoil with an average depth of 20 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1970a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 4) due to a combination of undesirable soil structure, low fertility and low moisture holding capacity.
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Vegetation The station lies within the Central Parkland Subregion of the Parkland Natural Region (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). Forests in the Central Parkland Subregion may be dominated by aspen or balsam poplar, with the latter being found in moister depressions. Understories throughout the Central Parkland Subregion tend to be dense with a variety of species. Snowberry, saskatoon, beaked hazel, and chokecherry are some of the characteristic understory species of an aspen forest. Moister balsam poplar forests have a typical understory that includes species such as red osier dogwood pussywillow, northern gooseberry, green alder, bluebells and blueberry. Several species are common to both aspen and balsam poplar forests including woods rose, low-bush cranberry, wild red raspberry, dewberry, twining honeysuckle, and sarsparilla (Alberta Environmental Protection 1994a). The lands in the vicinity of the station are all pasture.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the subregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1999a, Wilkinson et al. 1993).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the northeast.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located within close proximity of the station.
Wildlife A Wildlife Key Area for white-tailed deer is located to the northwest adjacent to the station (Alberta Fish and Wildlife Division 1985). The Canada Land Inventory (1970c) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of ungulates due to adverse topography and poor soil moisture.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970d) as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography and soil moisture.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and has been zoned as Agricultural (Municipal District of Provost No. 52 and Palliser
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Regional Municipal Services 1997). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with the most common activity being ranching.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1973b) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Metiskow (population 65) located approximately 5 km to the east (Alberta Motor Association 1999). The station is partially screened to the north, east and west by trees. The nearest local residence is approximately 700 m to the southeast. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 13 and 41, Secondary Highways 600 and 899 as well as municipal grid roads. Czar (population 199) located approximately 20 km west of the station is a small community with 2 campgrounds with a total of 60 sites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998b). Accommodations are available in Provost (population 1,904) located 23 km southeast of the station which offers 177+ motel rooms and 10 campsites (Alberta Hotel Association 1998a,b).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous historical resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993a, 1999).
7.6 Cactus Lake Station (NE 32-36-27 W3M)
Physiography Cactus Lake Station is located on the west edge of the Snipe Lake Plain of the Alberta High Plains physiographic region (Ferguson and Hunt 1981). This region is characterized by undulating to gently rolling glacial lacustrine-alluvial and till plains with elevations between 640 and 700 m. The strongly rolling terrain of the Neutral Hill Uplands are located to the immediate west (Ferguson and Hunt 1981). The station is located on the north slope of the Cactus Lake valley. Surface elevations are about 700 m.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 18 m thick and generally consist of clay till with a thin veneer of glacial lacustrine deposits overlying the clay till at some locations (Mitchell et
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al. 1944). The glacial till deposited during ice stagnation forms undulating topography characteristics of a wave-like pattern (Mitchell et al. 1944). Site specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered medium plastic clay till to depths of 6.5 m to 9 m followed by an unweathered medium plastic clay till to the bedrock surface (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Interbedded sand and/or gravel seams and deposits were encountered below 7 m in most of the test holes (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation was encountered at a depth of 18 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface is steeply sloping to the southeast.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Cactus Lake Station are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Scott Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. 1999). These soils are characterized by a loamy textured topsoil with an average depth of 5 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1970g) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation Cactus Lake Station is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion. Typical native vegetation consists of speargrass and wheatgrass, as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire, and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). However, the lands in the vicinity of the station are all cultivated.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1999a, Wilkinson et al. 1993).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the northeast and the southwest.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located within close proximity of the station.
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Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Cactus Lake Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1981). The Canada Land Inventory (1974a) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the productivity of deer due to poor distribution of landforms and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972b) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography and poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Heart's Hill and the rural municipality has no zoning in place (Ginault pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with the most common activity being the planting of cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1972c) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest organized hamlet to the station is Cactus Lake (population 5) located approximately 3 km to the south (Ginault pers. comm.). No visual screening is present around Cactus Lake Station. The nearest local residence is approximately 200 m to the north. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 31 and 317, Secondary Highways 676 and 771 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Macklin (population 1,281), located 25 km northwest, offers motel accommodation and 1 campground with 144 sites (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1999).
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7.7 Kerrobert Station (SE 34-33-22 W3M)
Physiography Kerrobert Station is located in the Snipe Lake Plain of the Alberta High Plains physiographic region (Hart and Barber 1979). This region is characterized by undulating to gently rolling glacial lacustrine-alluvial and till plains. The station is located at the southeast end of a regional depression containing White Heron Lake. The terrain in the area of the station is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 10 m thick and generally consist of a thin veneer of fluvial and/or lacustrine deposits overlying clay till (Mitchell et al. 1944). The glacial till deposited during ice stagnation forms undulating topography characteristic of a wave-like pattern (Mitchell et al. 1944). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered medium plastic clay to about 2.5 m underlain by a weathered medium plastic clay till to 8 m and an unweathered clay till to the bedrock surface (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation was encountered from 10 to 13 m followed by sandstone of the Judith River Formation to at least 20 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes to the northeast.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Kerrobert Station are shallow Brown Solonetz and Brown Solodized Solonetz of the Kelstern Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a loamy textured topsoil with an average depth of 10 to 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 4 and Class 5) due to a combination of undesirable soil structure, low permeability and salinity.
Vegetation Kerrobert Station is located in the Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which is dominated by speargrass, wheatgrass and blue grama, often in association with june grass and dryland sedge. Many shrubs and herbs can occur with sagebrush being the most common. Moister sites in river valleys and sandhills support shrubby aspen, willow, cottonwood and box- elder while yellow cactus and prickly pear can be found on the driest sites of Mixed Grassland. Local saline soils typically support alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995).
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as
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having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1995, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the southeast into a small wetland.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitat is located in the vicinity of Kerrobert Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1978). The Canada Land Inventory (1971b) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1973c) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Oakdale No. 320 and the rural municipality has no zoning in place (Johnson pers. comm.). Agriculture is the dominant land use in the vicinity of the station and many of the lands are either grazed or cultivated. In addition, other oil and gas facilities are located in proximity to Kerrobert Station.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under agricultural or industrial land use, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1973d) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately low (Class 5) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting Kerrobert (population 1,127) is the nearest community to the station and is located approximately 11 km to the northwest. No visual screening is present around Kerrobert
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Station. The nearest local residence is approximately 100 m to the northeast. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 21, 31 and 51 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Kerrobert provides 90 motel rooms (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
7.8 Herschel Station (SE and SW 16-31-16 W3M)
Physiography Herschel Station is located on the west edge of the Saskatchewan Rivers Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Barber 1979). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial lacustrine-alluvial plains. The terrain in the immediate vicinity of the station is relatively flat, however, the general area slopes to the south towards Eagle Creek. The strongly rolling terrain of the Missouri Coteau is located to the north and south (Hart and Barber 1979).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 46 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine deposits overlying clay till (Mitchell et al. 1944). The glacial till deposited during ice stagnation forms undulating topography characteristic of a wave-like pattern (Mitchell et al. 1944). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered high plastic clay to 10 m followed by an unweathered clay till to at least 13 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Interbedded sand deposits were encountered at depths below 9 to 11 m in all of the test holes. Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation is reported to be at a depth of about 46 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surfaces slopes to the south.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Herschel Station are Calcareous Rego Dark Brown and Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Regina Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a silty clayey textured topsoil with an average depth of 10 to 15 cm.
The Canada Land Inventory (1968a) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) due to adverse climate.
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Vegetation Herschel Station is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands in the vicinity of the station are cultivated and native pasture.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1995, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage at the station and the surrounding area flows to the east.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Herschel Station (Barber 1978). The Canada Land Inventory (1971b) has rated the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station are rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1973c) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within the existing site boundaries.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Mountain View No. 318 and the rural municipality has no zoning in place (Giles pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with the lands under pasture or seeded to cereal crops.
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Due to large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1973d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting Herschel (population 43) is the nearest community to the station and is located approximately 12 km to the southwest. No visual screening is present around Herschel Station. The nearest local residence is approximately 1.6 km to the northwest. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 4 and 31, Secondary Highway 656, as well as rural municipality grid roads. Herschel offers one inn for accommodation. Rosetown (population 2,571), located approximately 20 km to the southeast, offers 78 hotel and motel rooms and a campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural and industrial land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
7.9 Milden Take-Off (NW/SW 17-29-11 W3M)
Physiography The Milden Take-Off is located in the Saskatchewan Rivers Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Hunt 1981). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial lacustrine-alluvial plains. The terrain in the vicinity of the site is nearly level.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area generally consist of lacustrine materials, which are described as silty clay with local varved deposits (Scott 1971). The Judith River Bedrock Formation underlies the Milden Take-Off (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). This Bedrock Formation consists of grey nonmarine muddy sand interbedded with silt and clay. It is locally carbonaceous has thin coal beds and is bentonitic (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of the Milden Take-Off are Calcareous Rego / Dark Brown / Rego Dark Brown Chernozem soils of the Regina Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993,
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1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). Soils are characterized by a clay to heavy clay textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 to 20 cm. The soils in this region are solonetzic (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979a). The Canada Land Inventory (1970h) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to agricultural production due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation Milden Take-Off is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands adjacent to the Milden Take-Off are all cultivated.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the Milden Take-Off is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the Milden Take-Off during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1997, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the Milden Take-Off and surrounding area generally flows towards Macdonald Creek to the south and east.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the site.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Milden Take-Off (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980a). The Canada Land Inventory (1974b) has rated the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of deer and antelope due to adverse topography and an arid climate.
The lands in the vicinity of Milden Take-Off have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972d) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl. Limitations are due to adverse topography and aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within the existing site boundaries.
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Land Use The Milden Take-Off is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Milden No. 286 however zoning has not yet been determined. The dominant land use in the vicinity of the site is agriculture and industry.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the site is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1972e) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the Milden Take-Off.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community is Milden (population 208), located approximately 0.5 km north of the Milden Take-Off (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Access to the area is provided by highways 15 and 42 and rural municipality grid roads. Rosetown (population 2,496), located approximately 40 km to the west, offers 37+ hotel and motel rooms and one campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Additional accommodation is available in Outlook (population 2,116) which is approximately 35 km east of the site and offers 33+ hotel and motel rooms and a 36 site campground. Milden is also listed as having camping and accommodations (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the Milden Take-Off during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
7.10 Milden Station (SE 6-29-10 W3M)
Physiography Milden Station is located in the Saskatchewan Rivers Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Hunt 1981). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial lacustrine-alluvial plains. The terrain in the vicinity of the station is relatively flat, however, the general area slopes to the northeast. The strongly rolling terrain of the Missouri Coteau is located to the south (Hart and Hunt 1981).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 66 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine deposits overlying clay till (Scott 1971). The deposits are described as silty clay with local varved deposits as well as areas in which till surfaces are covered by thin
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lacustrine deposits (Scott 1971). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered medium plastic clay from 0.4 to 2.4 m followed by a weathered clay till to at least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered in some test holes. A water well drilled in the SW 32-28-10 W3M encountered clay till interbedded with sand and gravel deposits to 55 m. Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation is reported to be at a depth of 66 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes west towards the buried pre-glacial Tyner Valley (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Milden Station are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Scott Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). Soils at Milden Station are characterized by a silty loam to silty clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 to 20 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1970h) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation Milden Station is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands in the vicinity of the station are all cultivated.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the east and south through ditches.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Milden Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980a). The Canada Land Inventory (1974b) has rated the
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surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of deer and antelope due to poor distribution of landforms and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972d) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Fertile Valley No. 285. The rural municipality does not have zoning in place (Haug pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agriculture with lands seeded to cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1972e) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Milden (population 219) located approximately 15 km to the northeast of the Milden Station. No screening is present around the station. The nearest local residence to the Milden Station is approximately 400 m to the north. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 15 and 42, Secondary Highway 655 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Rosetown (population 2,571), located approximately 50 km to the east, offers 78 hotel and motel rooms and 1 campground, while Milden has one hotel and a campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Additional accommodation is available in Outlook (population 2,227) located 27 km northeast of the station which offers 32+ hotel and motel rooms, and a 36 site campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
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8.0 CENTRAL REGION FACILITIES
The following Subsections describe the Environmental and socio-economic setting at the Enbridge Facilities within the Central Region. Kilometer Post (KP) locations noted in text represent the distance along the Enbridge pipeline right-of-way from the Edmonton Terminal (KP 0.0) to the United States of America (KP 1245.2).
8.1 Loreburn Station (SW 12-26-5 W3M)
Physiography Loreburn Station is located on the south edge of the Hawarden Hills Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Hunt 1981). This region is characterized by undulating to gently rolling till plains with elevations. The area slopes southwest towards Lake Diefenbaker. The station terrain is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 61 m thick and generally consist of glacial clay till (Scott 1971). The till is described as washboard moraine which is overlain by 0.5 m to 4 m of ablation deposits (Scott 1971). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated weathered medium plastic clay till to 5.5 m followed by unweathered medium plastic clay to at least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation is reported at a depth of 61 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes southwest towards Lake Diefenbaker (Hardy BBT Limited 1991).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Loreburn Station are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Weyburn Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a saline lower subsoil and by a loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1970h) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation Loreburn Station is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite
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(Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands in the vicinity of the station are cultivated or hayed.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the west.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Loreburn Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980a). The Canada Land Inventory (1974b) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms and aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1972d) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Loreburn No. 254 and has been zoned as Agricultural (Rural Municipality of Loreburn No. 254 1972). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agriculture with lands seeded to cereal and forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1972e) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
Therefore, no provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
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Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Loreburn (population 180) located approximately 4 km to the north. A shelterbelt of trees screens Loreburn Station to the north. The nearest local residence is approximately 1.5 km to the south. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 19 and 44, Secondary Highway 749 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Loreburn offers 6 motel rooms while Elbow (population 309), located 9 km south, offers 20+ hotel and motel rooms and 2 campgrounds (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Additional accommodation is available in Davidson (population 1,105) which offers 19+ hotel and motel rooms, and is located approximately 50 km northeast of the station (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
8.2 Craik Station (SE 10-23-29 W2M)
Physiography Craik Station is located in the Assiniboine River Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Flory 1980). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial till, lacustrine-alluvial and fluvial plains. The regional slope is south towards the Qu'Appelle River valley. The terrain in the area of the station is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 39 m thick and generally consist of a thin veneer of eroded glacial fluvial deposits overlying clay till (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). These sediments were deposited in ice contact proglacial lakes, ice front fans and deltas (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the site indicated a weathered low plastic clay from 1.2 to 2.1 m followed by a weathered medium plastic clay till to at least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered at random depths throughout the clay till. A water well drilled in the NE 2-23-29 W2M encountered a weathered clay till to 5 m underlain by an unweathered clay till to 18 m. Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation is reported to be at a depth of 39 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes southwest towards the Qu'Appelle River valley (Hardy BBT Limited 1991).
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Soils The soils in the vicinity of Craik Station are predominantly Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem soils of the Weyburn Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a saline lower subsoil and by a loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 10 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968c) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of crops due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation The station is located in the Moist Mixedgrass Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The station is located on native prairie which extends to the north and south. Some aspen groves are located approximately 200 m to the south. The lands to the east of the station have been broken and are under cultivation.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area and the station flows northeast into a wetland. A small wetland located to the northwest of the station may also collect some surface run-off.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Craik Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a). The Canada Land Inventory (1970i) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of deer due to a poor soil moisture regime and the flatness of the land.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970j) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to poor
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water-holding capacity of the soils as well as adverse soil and water characteristics that may limit the development of plant and animal communities.
Loggerhead shrike were observed on the native prairie in the vicinity of the station in mid- August 1995. The loggerhead shrike is listed as Threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). No nesting or site-specific habitat use by loggerhead shrike was noted at or near Craik Station.
Land Use Craik Station is located on Crown lands within the Squaw Creek Grazing Co-op (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979e) in the Rural Municipality of Craik No. 222. The rural municipality does not have zoning in place for lands in the area of the station (Fox pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agriculture with the most common activity being the planting of cereal and forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Aylesbury (population 71) located approximately 20 km to the northeast. No visual screening of the station is evident. The nearest local residence is approximately 800 m to the east of the station. Access to the station is provided by Provincial Highways 2, 11, 42 and 367, Secondary Highways 643 and 732 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Craik (population 456), located 21 km northeast, offers 16 hotel and motel rooms, and a 66 site campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Additional accommodation is available in Aylesbury which offers a hotel and a campground (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
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8.3 Bethune Station (SE 22-19-24 W2M)
Physiography Bethune Station is located in the Assiniboine River Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Flory 1980). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial till, lacustrine-alluvial and fluvial plains. The regional slope is south towards the Qu'Appelle River valley. The station is located at the crest of the north slope of the Qu'Appelle River valley. The terrain in the area of the station is rolling with relief in the order of 4 to 6 m.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 108 m thick and generally consist of a thin veneer of fluvial deposits underlain by clay till (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The till is described as ground moraine generally overlain by 0.5 to 4 m of stratified ablation deposits (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated 0.5 to 1 m of silty sand followed by a weathered medium plastic clay till to 7 m and an unweathered medium plastic clay till to at least 9 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered throughout during test drilling. A water well drilled in NE 21-19-24 W2M encountered weathered clay till to 6 m underlain by unweathered clay till to the bedrock surface at 108 m. Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation in the area is at a depth of 108 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes steeply south towards the Qu'Appelle River valley.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Bethune Station are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Weyburn Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968c) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation Bethune Station is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands in the vicinity of the station are cultivated or hayed.
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A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1994a, 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station and the surrounding area flows to the east into a small wetland.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Bethune Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a). The Canada Land Inventory (1970i) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer due to aridity.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970j) as having very slight limitations (Class 2) to the production of waterfowl due to aridity.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190 and has been zoned as Agricultural (Hicks pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is agricultural with lands seeded to cereal and forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within se proximity to the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Bethune (population 405) located approximately 12 km to the north. A shelterbelt of trees screens Bethune Station to the south. The nearest local residence is approximately 1.3 km to the northwest. Access to the station is
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provided by the Trans Canada Highway (No. 1), Provincial Highway 11, Secondary Highway 642 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Lumsden (population 1,641), located 33 km to the east, offers 10 hotel rooms, while Bethune offers motel accommodation (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Additional accommodation is available in Regina (population 179,584) located approximately 60 km southeast of the station, which offers 2,405+ hotel and motel rooms as well as 4 campgrounds with 359+ sites and in Moose Jaw (population 34,115), located approximately 31 km southwest of the station, which offers 339+ hotel and motel rooms as well as 4 campgrounds with 82+ sites (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998).
8.4 Stony Beach Take-Off (KP 660.9)
Physiography The Stony Beach Take-Off is located in the Assiniboine River Plain subdivision of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Hunt 1981). This region is characterized by gently to moderately undulating glacial fluvial terrain.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area generally consist of fluvial materials, which are described as consisting of sand and gravels (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Stony Beach Take-Off is underlain by the Cretaceous aged Bearpaw Formation. This bedrock formation consists of grey marine silty clay and shale, locally concretionary and bentonitic with glauconitic sand tongues (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of the Stony Beach Take-Off are Orthic Dark Brown Chernozem soils of the Weyburn Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). Soils are characterized by a loam texture with an average topsoil depth of 20 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968c) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to agricultural production due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics. Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (1997) has described the area as having a soil productivity ratings of 25-59.9% (Class G to O) as productive as the best provincial soils.
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Vegetation Stony Beach Take-Off is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands adjacent to the Stony Beach Take-Off are cultivated.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the Stoney Beach Take-Off is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the Stoney Beach Take-Off during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the Stony Beach Take-Off and surrounding area generally flows northeast towards the Qu’Appelle River.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the site.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Stony Beach Take-Off (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a). The Canada Land Inventory (1970i) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of deer and antelope due to poor soil moisture and adverse topography.
The lands in the vicinity of Stony Beach Take-Off have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970j) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl. Limitations are due to adverse topography and soil moisture.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within the existing site boundaries.
Land Use The Stony Beach Take-Off is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Dufferin No. 190 and are zoned Agricultural. The dominant land use in the vicinity of the site is agriculture and grazing.
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Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the site is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are within close proximity of the Stony Beach Take-Off.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearby communities are Bethune (population 375), Lumsden (population 1530) and Pense (population 534). Access to the area is provided by highways 1, 11, 642 and rural municipality grid roads. Regina (population 193,652), located approximately 60 km to the southeast, offers over 20 hotels and motels and 4 campgrounds (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Camping and other accommodations are also available in Lumsden.
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the Stoney Beach Take-Off during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
8.5 Regina Terminal (NE 32-17-19 W2M)
Physiography The Regina Terminal is located in the Assiniboine River Plain of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Flory 1980). This region is characterized by gently undulating to rolling glacial till, lacustrine-alluvial and fluvial plains. The undulating to strongly rolling terrain of the Moose Mountain Uplands is to the east (Flory 1980). The terrain in the area of the terminal is flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 235 m and generally consist of relatively thin deposits of lacustrine clay, silt and sand overlying clay till (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The deposits are described as silty clay with local varved deposits (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Site- specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the terminal indicated a weathered high plastic clay from 4.5 m to 11 m underlain by silt and weathered medium plastic clay till to 8 m to 12 m and a sand to at least 15 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). A water well drilled in SW 32-17-19 W2M encountered surficial clay, silt
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and sand underlain by clay till to at least 232 m. The clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation is reported to be at a depth of 235 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Regina Terminal are Calcareous Rego Dark Brown and Orthic Dark Brown Chernozems of the Regina Soil Unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993, 1994a, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a silty clayey textured topsoil with an average depth of 5 to 10 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968c) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) due to adverse climate.
Vegetation The Regina Terminal is located in the Moist Mixed Grassland Ecoregion which supports speargrass and wheatgrass as well as several species of deciduous shrubs including chokecherry and wolf willow. Small groves of primarily aspen but also willow, cottonwood and box-elder can be found around sloughs, in river valleys or on shady slopes. Patches of saline soil are typically vegetated with alkali grass, wild barley, red sampire and sea blite (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). However, the lands in the vicinity of the terminal are in heavy and light industrial as well as commercial and urban residential land use.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the terminal is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous rare plant surveys (Wilkinson et al. 1993, TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the terminal and the surrounding area flows into city storm sewers.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the terminal.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of the Regina Terminal (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a). Canada Land Inventory (1970i) has rated the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of deer due to adverse topography.
The lands in the vicinity of the terminal have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970j) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography.
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No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the terminal.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the City of Regina and has been zoned as Heavy Industrial (City of Regina 1993). The dominant land use adjacent to the terminal is industrial, however, commercial and urban residential land use occurs in the vicinity of the terminal.
The Enbridge Regina Terminal is located in a low sensitivity zone of the Aquifer Protection Overlay Zone (City of Regina 1993).
Due to the heavy industrial, commercial and urban residential land use, recreational use of lands in the immediate vicinity of the terminal is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the terminal.
Socio-Economic Setting The terminal is located within the City of Regina (population 179,584). No screening of the Regina Terminal is present. The nearest local residence is approximately 500 m to the west. Access to the terminal is provided by the Trans Canada Highway (No. 1), Provincial Highways 6, 11 and 33 as well as city and county roads. A full range of services and accommodations are available in Regina which offers 2,405+ hotel and motel rooms and 4 campgrounds with 359+ sites (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1993b, 1998a).
8.6 White City (SE 1/4 1-17-17 W2M)
Physiography White City Station is located in the Moose Mountain Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Flory 1980). This region is characterized by gently undulating to
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rolling glacial till, lacustrine-alluvial and fluvial plains. The surface elevation of the station is about 635 m. The terrain in the area of the station is gently undulating and the regional slope is to the southwest.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 64 m deep and generally consist of clay till to the bedrock surface (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). The till deposits are described as moraine consisting of undulating plains, as well as knob and kettle topography (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated variable deposits of clay till, clay and sand across the station (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). A weathered medium plastic clay till is present to a depth of about 2 m. The clay till is generally underlain by a sand deposit over most of the site, however, a high plastic clay was encountered along the eastern portion of the site. The sand and clay were underlain by a weathered low plastic clay till. Clay shale of the Bearpaw Formation was encountered at a depth of 64 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes to the northwest.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of White City Station are predominantly Orthic Dark Brown / Rego Dark Brown Chernozems of the Weyburn soil series (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1968c) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to the productivity of crops due to soil limitations such as undesirable structure, low permeability or a restricted rooting zone.
Vegetation The station is located within the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion (Padbury and Acton 1994, Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The Aspen Parkland Ecoregion consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation. Cereal grains are the most commonly grown crops in the area.
Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation. The most commonly grown crops in the area are barley and wheat.
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A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the station flows into a marsh approximately 60 m to the east of the station. No drainage channeling on the land surrounding the wetland has occurred.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of the station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979a). The Canada Land Inventory (1970i) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the productivity of deer due to aridity and exposure.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970j) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to the poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Edenwold No. 158 and has been zoned Agricultural (Strudwick pers. comm.). The surrounding land is in agricultural land use and most have been planted with cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1971d) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Davin (population 51) located approximately 8 km to the southeast. Access to the station is by Highway 48 as well as grid roads. The station is partially screened from Highway 48 by the surrounding topography and a shelterbelt.
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However, the station is not screened from the nearest local residence located approximately 400 m to the north.
The community of White City, which has a population of 963 (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997), is located approximately 11 km west of the station. White City is located in the Rural Municipality of Edenwold No. 158 and is accessed by Highways 1 and 48. The major economic base is agriculture although gravel resources are also present. The total labour force is 426 (Saskatchewan Rural Development 1989).
Vibank (population 363), located approximately 21 km from the station, does not offer accommodation (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Regina, which offers a full range of facilities, is located approximately 27 km from the station. Indian Head (population 1,833), located approximately 50 km northeast of the station, provides a 5-room bed and breakfast (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998a).
8.7 Odessa Station (SW 35-15-14 W2M)
Physiography Odessa Station is located in the Moose Mountain Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Stelfox 1981). This region is characterized by undulating to strongly rolling till plains. The terrain in the area of the station is gently undulating with low relief.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 138 m thick and generally consist of clay till deposits to the bedrock surface (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). The till deposits are described as moraine consisting of undulating plains, as well as knob and kettle topography (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered low plastic clay to a depth of 1.5 m followed by a weathered medium plastic clay till to 4 m and an unweathered medium plastic clay till to at least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered throughout. The silty clay shale of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported to be at a depth of 138 m (Macdonald
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and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes north towards the buried pre-glacial Hatfield Valley (Hardy BBT Limited 1991).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Odessa Station are Orthic Park Brown and Rego Dark Brown Chernozems of the Weyburn Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1967b) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to the production of crops due to soil limitations such as undesirable structure, low permeability or a restricted rooting zone.
Vegetation The station is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation. Cereal grains are the most commonly grown crops in the area.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows north and west into a road ditch and then towards the CN Rail line and Highway 48.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of Odessa Station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980b). The Canada Land Inventory (1971e) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
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The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970l) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to the flatness of the land and the poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Francis No. 127, but which have not been zoned (Caron pers. comm.). The surrounding land is agricultural with the planting of cereal crops being the dominant land use.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971g) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Odessa (population 281) located approximately 3.5 km to the southeast. Access to the station is by Highway 48 as well as grid roads. The station is not screened from Highway 48 or the nearest local residence, which is located approximately 300 m to the north. Six rooms are available for accommodation in Odessa (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Regina, which offers a full range of facilities, is located approximately 58 km to the northeast.
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998a).
8.8 Glenavon Station (SW 22-14-9 W2M)
Physiography Glenavon Station is located in the Moose Mountain Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Stelfox 1981). This region is characterized by undulating to strongly rolling till plains. The station is located within a regional low which is
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characterized by a large slough to the northeast. The terrain in the area of the station is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 120 m thick and generally consist of clay till with interbedded sand and gravel seams to the bedrock surface (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). The till deposits are described as moraine consisting of undulating plains, as well as knob and kettle topography (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered medium plastic lay till to 6 m followed by an unweathered medium plastic clay till to at least 9 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered. A water well drilled in Section 16-14-9 W2M encountered clay till to 95 m. Silty clay shale of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported to be at a depth of 120 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes north towards the buried pre-glacial Hatfield Valley (Hardy BBT Limited 1991).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Glenavon Station are saline Rego Humic Gleysols of the Osborne Soil Unit and Orthic and Rego Black Chernozems (with saline lower subsoils) of the Oxbow Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). Saline Osborne soils have an average depth of 35 cm of silt clay loam to clay textured topsoil. Oxbow with saline lower subsoil soils are characterized by loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 10 to 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1967b) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the production of crops due to soil limitations such as undesirable structure or low moisture holding capacity.
Vegetation The station is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs, and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The station has several small aspen groves and wetlands located adjacent to the site. Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation. The most commonly grown crops in the area are barley and wheat.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as
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having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage from the station flows northeast into a marsh located partially within the station perimeter. Other wetlands located to the east, south and north may collect some surface runoff.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of the station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980b). The Canada Land Inventory (1971e) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970l) as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of waterfowl due to the poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Chester No. 125, but which have not been zoned (Hoff pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the station is the planting of cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971g) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately low (Class 5) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Glenavon (population 246) located approximately 1.5 km to the northeast. Access to the station is by Highway 48 as well as grid roads. The station is not screened from the nearest local residence, which is directly across the grid
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road to the east. Rooms are available for accommodation in Glenavon and in Montmartre (population 522) located approximately 25 km away; while 105 rooms are available in Kipling (population 1,040) located approximately 43 km away. Montmartre has a campground with 16 sites available (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998a).
8.9 Langbank Station (SE 2-13-3 W2M)
Physiography Langbank Station is located in the Moose Mountain Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Hart and Stelfox 1981). This region is characterized by undulating to strongly rolling till plains. The station is located within a regional low area. The terrain in the area of the station is gently undulating.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 60 m thick and generally consist of clay till with interbedded sand and gravel seams (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). The till deposits are described as moraine consisting of undulating plains, as well as knob and kettle topography (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979c). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered low plastic clay till to 8 m followed by an unweathered clay till to at least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Intertill sand seams were encountered. A water well drilled in the SW 12-13-3 W2M encountered clay till interbedded sand and gravel deposits to the bedrock surface at 60 m. Silty clay shale of the Riding Mountain Formation was encountered at a depth of about 60 m (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). The bedrock surface slopes northeast towards the buried pre-glacial Hatfield Valley.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Langbank Station are Orthic Black and Rego Black Chernozems of the Oxbow Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are loam to clay loam textured, have 15 cm of topsoil and are well to moderately well drained. The Canada Land Inventory (1967b) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the production of crops due to soil limitations such as undesirable structure or salinity.
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Vegetation The station is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs, and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The station has some small aspen groves located nearby. Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation. The most commonly grown crops in the area are barley and wheat.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows south, while drainage from the station flows southeast and north.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Critical Wildlife Habitats are located in the vicinity of the station (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1980b). The Canada Land Inventory (1971e) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970l) as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of waterfowl due to the poor distribution of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use Langbank Station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Silverwood No. 123, but which have not been zoned (Grassl pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of cereal crops.
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Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971g) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately low (Class 5) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Langbank located approximately 800 m to the south. Access to the station is by Highway 9 as well as grid roads. The station is screened to the north by aspen groves. However, no screening exists between the station and the nearest local residence, which is located approximately 800 m to the east. One hundred and five rooms are available for accommodation in Kipling (population 1,040), approximately 30 km away (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997). Whitewood (population 985), located approximately 33 km to the north, has 70 rooms available (Tourism Saskatchewan 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998a).
8.10 Kelso Facility Site (SW 6-12-33 WPM)
Physiography The Kelso Facility Site is located in the Moose Mountain Upland of the Saskatchewan Plains physiographic region (Stelfox 1979). This region is characterized by thick hummocky till deposits with numerous lakes and shallow wetlands scattered throughout (Stelfox 1979). The terrain in the vicinity of the facility site is gently sloping.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area generally consist of till deposits, which are described as moraine consisting of undulating plains as well as knob and kettle topography (Saskatchewan Tourism and Renewable Resources 1979d). The Riding Mountain Bedrock Formation underlies the Kelso Facility Site (Macdonald and Broughton 1980). This Formation consists of grey green marine silty clay and shale, which is locally bentonitic and concretionary near the base, with a silicified Odanah member (Macdonald and Broughton 1980).
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Soils The soils in the vicinity of the Kelso Facility Site are Orthic Black and Rego Black Chernozems of the Oxbow Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). Soils are characterized by a loam to clay-loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 10 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966a) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to agricultural production due to a combination of undesirable soil characteristics.
Vegetation The Kelso Facility Site is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The lands in the vicinity of the site are all pasture and bush-pasture.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the facility site is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the facility site during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the facility site and surrounding area generally flows towards Little Pipestone Creek approximately 6 km to the south and east.
Fisheries Little Pipestone Creek lies approximately 6 km south and east of the Kelso Facility Site. Little Pipestone Creek may provide spring spawning habitat for northern pike (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1985).
Wildlife The Borrow Wildlife Refuge is located approximately 0.3 km north of the site. Critical Wildlife Habitat for white-tailed deer and ruffed grouse is reported in 31-11-33 WPM (Saskatchewan Parks and Renewable Resources 1979b), which is at the southern edge of the Kelso Facility Site. The Canada Land Inventory (1970k) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer. Limitations are due to poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum deer habitat.
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The lands in the vicinity of the facility site have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970n) as having very slight limitations (Class 2) to the production of waterfowl. Limitations are due to poor distribution of marshes or basins.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the facility site.
Land Use The facility site is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Walpole No. 92 however no zoning bylaws exist (Hall pers. comm.). The dominant land use in the vicinity of the site is agriculture with lands being used for pasture.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the site is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971i) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderately low (Class 5) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the facility site.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community with full services is Wawota (population 620) located approximately 9 km south of the Kelso Facility Site (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Access to the area is provided by highways 48, 8 and 9 as well as rural municipality grid roads. Moosomin (population 2,420), located approximately 30 km to the northeast, offers 86+ hotel and motel rooms, and 200+ camping sites (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999). Additional accommodation is available in Carlyle (population 1,252) which is approximately 42 km southwest of the site and offers 78+ hotel and motel rooms and one campground. Camping and accommodations are also available in Wawota (Tourism Saskatchewan 1999).
Heritage Resources Due to the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the facility site during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998a).
8.11 Cromer Terminal (NE 17-9-28 WPM & SE 20-9-28 WPM)
Physiography Cromer Terminal is located in the Minnedosa-Reston Till Plain of the Southwestern Uplands physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). The region is characterized by
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undulating to rolling till plains. The terrain at the terminal and immediate area is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 100 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine silts and clays overlying clay till (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980a). The glacial deposits are described as hummocky stagnation moraine consisting of wave washed till and minor clay basins (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980a). Site- specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the terminal indicated silt to 1.5 m followed by a weathered clay till to 5 m and an unweathered clay till to a least 11 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Hard siliceous shale of the Odanah Member of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported at a depth of 100 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Division 1994). The bedrock surface slopes to the southeast.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Cromer Terminal are Orthic Black and Rego Black Chernozems of the Oxbow Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966a) has rated the surrounding lands as ranging from having moderate (Class 2) to very severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of crops due to adverse topography, erosion damage, excess water and the cumulative effect of two or more adverse characteristics which individually are not serious enough to affect the class rating.
Vegetation Cromer Terminal is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs, and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the terminal have been broken and are under cultivation. The most commonly grown crops in the area are barley and wheat, as well as forage crops.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the terminal is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
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Hydrology The surrounding area drains into Pipestone Creek located to the southwest of the terminal. A small marsh in the northeast corner of the terminal may also collect some surface runoff.
Fisheries Cromer Terminal is adjacent to the valley slopes of Pipestone Creek. Pipestone Creek may provide spring spawning habitat for northern pike (TransCanada Pipe Lines 1990).
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of the Cromer Terminal (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1980). The Canada Land Inventory (1970k) has rated the surrounding lands as having slight limitations (Class 3) to the production of deer due to poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
The lands in the vicinity of the terminal have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970n) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl due to the poor distribution of marshes and adverse topography.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the terminal.
Land Use Cromer Terminal is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Pipestone but which have not been zoned (Busby pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of cereal crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the terminal is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971i) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the terminal.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the terminal is Cromer (population 27) located approximately 1.2 km to the south. Access to the terminal is by Highway 256. The terminal is screened to the east by a windrow of trees. However, no screening exists between the terminal and the nearest local residence, which is located approximately 300 m to the south. Virden (population 3,137), located approximately 32 km to the northeast, has 110 rooms and 63 campsites available for accommodation (Travel Manitoba 1997).
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Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the terminal during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.12 West Souris Station (SE 16-8-21 WPM)
Physiography West Souris Station is located on the Souris Plain of the Western Upland physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by undulating lacustrine and aeolian plains and slopes to the south. The surface elevation at the station is about 430 m. The terrain of the station and immediate area is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 20 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine clay overlying clay till (Manitoba Minerals Resources Division 1980a). The glacial deposit is described as silty till derived primarily from Palaeozoic carbonate rocks (Manitoba Minerals Resources Division 1980a). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered low plastic clay to 0.6 m overlying a weathered medium plastic clay till to at least 12 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Hard siliceous shale of the Odanah Member of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported at a depth of 20 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Division 1994). The bedrock slopes to the northwest.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of West Souris Station are Rego Black/Calcareous Rego Black/Orthic Black Chernozems of the Stockton Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by a loamy- textured topsoil with an average depth of 5 cm. These soils are characterized by a fine sandy loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 20 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966a) has rated the surrounding lands as ranging from having moderate limitations (Class 2) to very severe (Class 5) limitations to the productivity of crops due to adverse topography and excess water.
Vegetation West Souris Station is located in Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow
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and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are seeded to corn, hay and canola.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage flows south.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of West Souris Station (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1980). The Canada Land Inventory (1970k) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of deer due to the poor distribution of landforms.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970n) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use West Souris Station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Glenwood. All lands within and adjacent to the station are zoned Agricultural (Bauldic pers. comm.). Agriculture is the dominant land use and most lands are seeded to cereal or forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1971i) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
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Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the West Souris Station is Souris (population 1,622) (Travel Manitoba 1997), which is located approximately 5 km to the south. Access to the station is by secondary Highway 250, as well as grid roads. The Town of Souris has 16 hotel rooms and 90 campsites available for accommodation (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.13 Souris Station (SE 8-8-20 WPM)
Physiography Souris Station is located on the Souris Plain of the Southwestern Uplands physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by undulating lacustrine and aeolian plains and slopes to the south. The terrain at the station and immediate area is relatively flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 20 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine clay overlying clay till (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980a). The glacial deposit is described as silty till derived primarily from Palaeozoic carbonate rocks (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980a). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered low plastic clay to 0.6 m overlying a weathered medium plastic clay till to at least 12 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Hard siliceous shale of the Odanah Member of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported at a depth of 20 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1994). The bedrock slopes to the northwest.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Souris Station are Orthic Black and Rego Black Chernezems of the Hilton Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997) These soils are characterized by loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 15 to 20 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966a) has rated the surrounding lands as ranging from having moderate limitations (Class 2) to very severe (Class 5) limitations to the production of crops due to adverse topography and excess water.
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Vegetation Souris Station is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation or used for forage production.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows south into a small marsh. Another small wetland to the north of the station may collect some surface runoff. No drainage channeling on the land surrounding the wetlands has occurred.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of Souris Station (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1980). The Canada Land Inventory (1970k) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of deer due to the poor distribution of landforms.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970n) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use Souris Station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Glenwood. All lands within and adjacent to the station are zoned Agricultural (Bauldic pers. comm.). Agriculture is the dominant land use and most lands are seeded to cereal or forage crops.
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Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971i) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest community to the station is Souris (population 1,662) (Travel Manitoba 1997) which is located approximately 10 km to the southwest. Access to the station is by Highway 2, as well as grid roads. The station is screened from Highway 2 by aspen trees in a farmyard approximately 700 m to the south. The Town of Souris has 16 hotel rooms and 90 campsites available for accommodation (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.14 Glenboro Station (SE 3-7-14 WPM)
Physiography Glenboro Station is located on the Upper Assiniboine Delta of the Southwestern Uplands physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by undulating lacustrine plains and slopes to the south. The terrain of the station and immediate area is flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be about 55 m thick and generally consist of lacustrine sand (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). The glacial deposit is described as littoral and near-shore gravel, sand and silt, including minor deltaic deposits (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the site indicated silty sand to 2.1 m followed by silt to 5 m and sand to at least 15 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Carbonaceous shale of the Vermilion River Formation is reported at a depth of 55 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Minerals Division 1994). The bedrock surface slopes to the north.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Glenboro Station are Orthic Black Chernozems of the Glenboro Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997).
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These soils are characterized by a silt loam, fine sandy loam or silt clay loam textured topsoil. Topsoil depths range from 15 to 30 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966b) has rated the surrounding lands as ranging from having moderate (Class 2) to moderately severe limitations (Class 3) to the production of crops due to excess water and soil limitations.
Vegetation Glenboro Station is located in the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion which consists of trembling aspen groves, oak groves, mixed tall shrubs and rough fescue grassland openings. Moist sites of the Aspen Parkland Ecoregion support open stands of trembling aspen and shrubs, while drier sites are typically characterized by bur oak and grassland communities. Willow and sedge species are commonly associated with poorly-drained sites (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are under cultivation or in hay production.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows north into a small marsh.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of Glenboro Station (Department of Mines and Technical Surveys 1988). The Canada Land Inventory (1974c) has rated the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of deer due to adverse topography.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970o) as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
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Land Use Glenboro Station, which is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Cypress, is zoned Agricultural (Plaetinck pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of cereal crops and forages.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971j) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest residence to the station is 400 m to the north and the nearest community, Glenboro (population 736), located approximately one km to the north. No screening of the station is present. Access to the station is by Highway 5, as well as grid roads. Glenboro has 29 hotel rooms available for accommodation. There are also 260 campsites available at Spruce Woods Provincial Park which is located approximately 12 km north (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.15 St. Leon Station (SW 33-4-9 WPM)
Physiography St. Leon Station is located on the Pembina Mountain region of the Southwestern Uplands physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by rolling till plains and slopes to the south. The terrain at the station and immediate area is flat.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 3 m thick and consist of clay till (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). The glacial deposit is described as hummocky stagnation moraine consisting of wave washed till and minor clay basins (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered low plastic clay till to 3 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Hard siliceous shale of the Odanah Member of the Riding Formation is
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reported at a depth of 3 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Division 1994).
Soils The soils in the vicinity of St. Leon Station are Orthic and Rego Black Chernozems of the Darlingford Soil Unit (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by loam to clay loam textured topsoil with an average depth of 25 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966b) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the production of crops due to adverse topography.
Vegetation St. Leon Station is located in the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion. Upper elevations in this ecoregion are typically wooded with a closed cover. Trembling aspen is the most abundant tree species, followed by balsam poplar and lesser quantities of white spruce and balsam fir. Typical understories are tall shrubs and with a ground cover of mixed herbs. Sedges, willow, tamarack and some black spruce can be found in sites that are poorly drained. Lower elevations are more suited to agriculture (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are seeded to cereal crops.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c)
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows northwest. No drainage channeling has occurred in the vicinity of the station.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of St. Leon Station (Department of Mines and Technical Surveys 1988). The Canada Land Inventory (1974c) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of deer due to aridity and poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
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The lands in the vicinity of St. Leon Station are rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970o) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the production of waterfowl due to the flatness of the land.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Pembina which have not been zoned (Young pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of cereal crops and forages.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1971j) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting The nearest residence is 800 m to the south and the nearest hamlet is St. Leon (population 141) located approximately 10 km to the northeast. Access to the station is by Secondary Highway 244, as well as grid roads. No visual screening of the station is in place. Manitou (population 792), located approximately 25 km to the southwest, has 16 hotel rooms available for accommodation. Somerset (population 522), located 10 km to the north, has 6 hotel rooms, while Morden (population 5,310), located approximately 60 km southeast of the station, has 83 rooms and 170 campsites (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.16 Manitou Station (NW 17-4-8 WPM)
Physiography Manitou Station is located on the Pembina Mountain region of the Western Upland physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by rolling till
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plains and slopes to the south. The surface elevation of the station is about 487 m. The station is located on a locally flat area.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are reported to be 15 m thick and consist of lacustrine clay overlying clay till (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). The glacial deposit is described as hummocky stagnation moraine consisting of wave washed till and minor clay basins (Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1980b). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated a weathered clay to 12 m followed by an unweathered high plastic clay to at least 15 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Hard siliceous shale of the Odanah Member of the Riding Mountain Formation is reported at a depth of 15 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Resources Division 1994). The bedrock surface slopes to the northeast and southwest.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Manitou Station are predominantly Orthic Black/Gleyed Black Chernozems of the Knudsen soils series (Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by silty clay to clay textured topsoil with an average depth of 35 to 40 cm. Topsoil depth measurements in the vicinity of the station exceed 40 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966b) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the productivity of crops due to adverse topography.
Vegetation Manitou Station is located in the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion (Ecological Stratification Group 1995). Upper elevations in this ecoregion are typically wooded with a closed cover. Trembling aspen is the most abundant tree species, followed by balsam poplar and lesser quantities of white spruce and balsam fir. Typical understories are tall shrubs with a ground cover of mixed herbs. Sedges, willow, tamarack and some black spruce cam be found in sites that are poorly drained. Nevertheless, most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are seeded to wheat and barley.
A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology Surface drainage of the surrounding area flows southwest. No drainage channeling has occurred in the vicinity of the station.
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Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of Manitou Station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of the Manitou Station (Manitoba Department of Mines, and Technical Surveys 1988). The Canada Land Inventory (1974c) has rated the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of deer due to aridity and poor distribution of landforms necessary for optimum ungulate habitat.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1970o) as having moderate limitations (Class 4) to the productivity of waterfowl due to adverse topography.
No known site-specific habitats which support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Pembina but which have not been zoned (Young pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of cereal and forage crops.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of Manitou Station is minimal. The Canada Land Inventory (1971j) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Socio-Economic Setting Access to the station is by Secondary Highway 244, as well as grid roads. No screening of the station is present. The nearest residence is 200 m to the north and the nearest town is Manitou (population 810) located approximately 10 km to the southwest. The community of Manitou has 16 motel rooms available for accommodation, while Morden (population 5,310), located approximately 40 km to the southeast, has 83 rooms and 170 campsites (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or
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archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
8.17 Gretna Station (SE 8-1-1 WPM)
Physiography Gretna Station is located on the Red River Plain of the Manitoba Lowland physiographic region (Barto and Vogel 1978). This region is characterized by undulating lacustrine plains and slopes to the northwest.
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Glacial deposits in the area are about 70 m thick and consist of silt clay and sand forming extensive lake plains (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981). The glacial lacustrine deposits from preglacial Lake Agazzi are the predominant surficial deposit in the Red River area (Manitoba Department of Energy and Mines 1981). Site-specific subsoil information from geotechnical investigations previously conducted at the station indicated weathered silt and/or low plastic clay to 7 m followed by an unweathered high plastic clay to 50 m and unweathered clay till to 70 m (Hardy BBT Limited 1991). Siltstone and sandstone of the Amaranth Formation is reported to be at a depth of 70 m (Geological Survey of Canada and Manitoba Mineral Division 1994). The bedrock surface slopes to the southwest.
Soils The soils in the vicinity of Gretna Station are predominantly Orthic and Rego Black Chernozems of the Winkler soil unit (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1994b, Mentiga Pedology Consultants Ltd. and Genesis Environmental Ltd. 1997). These soils are characterized by silty clay to clay textured topsoil with an average depth of 30 to 36 cm. Topsoil depth measurements in the vicinity of the station exceed 60 cm. The Canada Land Inventory (1966c) has rated most of the surrounding lands as having moderate limitations (Class 2) to the production of crops due to excessive soil moisture.
Vegetation Gretna Station is located in the Lake Manitoba Plain Ecoregion. This ecoregion is composed of trembling aspen groves on moist sites, and bur oak and rough fescue grasslands on drier sites. Where the soil is poorly drained, willow and sedge communities may be found. The Lake Manitoba Plain is the transitional region between the northern boreal forests and the southwestern aspen parklands in Manitoba (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). The station has some small aspen groves located nearby. Most of the lands in the vicinity of the station have been broken and are seeded to cereal crops.
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A number of plant species of concern have been identified as possibly occurring in the ecoregion where the station is located (see Appendix B), however, no plants classified as having any special conservation status were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous rare plant surveys (TERA Environmental Consultants (Alta.) Ltd. 1998a,b,c).
Hydrology The flat terrain of the station and immediate area have resulted in poor drainage and drainage ditches have been constructed to aid site drainage.
Fisheries No fisheries resources are located in the vicinity of the station.
Wildlife No Refuges for Wildlife are located in the vicinity of Gretna Station (Manitoba Department of Energy, Mines and Resources 1991).
The Canada Land Inventory (1974d) has rated the surrounding lands as having severe limitations (Class 6) to the production of deer due to a poor soil moisture regime and adverse topography.
The lands in the vicinity of the station have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1973f) as having moderately severe limitations (Class 5) to the production of waterfowl due to adverse topography and poor distribution or interspersion of marshes.
No known site-specific habitats that support species with special conservation status are encountered within close proximity of the station.
Land Use The station is located on lands administered by the Rural Municipality of Rhineland and is zoned as Restricted Agricultural Use (Bergen pers. comm.). The dominant land use is the planting of specialty crops, cereal crops and forages.
Due to the large proportion of land in private ownership and under cultivation, recreational use of lands in the vicinity of the station is limited. The Canada Land Inventory (1973g) has rated the surrounding lands as having low (Class 6) capability for recreational use.
No provincial parks, recreational areas or ESAs are encountered within close proximity of the station.
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Socio-Economic Setting The nearest residence is 200 m to the east of the station and the nearest town is Gretna (population 570) located approximately 500 m to the south. Access to the station is by Highway 30. Some trees have been planted on the east side of the station to serve as a windrow and as screening. Gretna has 13+ hotel rooms available for accommodation. Altona (population 2,740), located approximately 11 km to the north, has 24 hotel rooms and 20 campsites (Travel Manitoba 1997).
Heritage Resources Due to the intense agricultural land use in the area as well as the absence of significant topographical features, the potential for historical resources is low. No historical or archaeological sites were discovered within close proximity of the station during previous heritage resources overviews (Fedirchuk McCullough & Associates 1998b).
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9.0 EASTERN REGION FACILITIES
The following subsections describe the environmental and socio-economic setting at selected Enbridge Facilities within the Eastern Region. Kilometre Post (KP) locations noted in the text represent the distance along the Enbridge pipeline right-of-way from the Sarnia Terminal (KP 2803.5) to the Montreal Terminal (KP M3636.5).
9.1 Sarnia Terminal (KP 2803.5)
Physiography The terminal is located on faint knoll-and-sag terrain within the Lambton Clay Plain Sub- Unit of the St. Clair Clay Plain Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is bevelled till plain with shallow deposits of lacustrine clay. Upper Devonian shales of the Kettle Point Formation underlie the terminal (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils The soil type at the terminal is Brookston Clay which is stone-free clayey till that is high in lime. The drainage is poor. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderate (Class 2) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to excessive wetness. Some agricultural activity that occurs in the area involve the planting of cash crops such as corn, soybeans, and grain. Common livestock are cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The terminal lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972) This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the terminal as having very slight to slight (60% Class 2, 40% Class 3) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Hydrology The terminal is located within the Talfourd Creek System (St. Clair River) local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is a cut-off drain of a tributary to Talfourd Creek that is located parallel to the northeast property line of the facility.
Fisheries The drain has a low probability for sensitive fisheries habitat.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESA, Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI), or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) in the area. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the terminal as being a preferable area for the production of ungulates with very slight limitations (Class 2) and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Sarnia Terminal is located in a heavy industrial area of the southern portion of the City of Sarnia in the County of Lambton. There are approximately 31 companies associated with the petrochemical industry in Sarnia. The Sarnia-Lambton Economic Development Commission actively encourages industries and businesses geared towards trade and export in the Sarnia area. The petrochemical industry facilitates growth to secondary industries such as construction, warehousing, and transportation, which stimulates commercial and service growth in the grocery, clothing, hardware, restaurant, and hospitality sectors throughout Sarnia. Plank Road, Indian Road, MacGregor Sideroad, Line 7, 8, and 9, oil storage tanks, and numerous hydrocarbon pipelines are in the area. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the facility.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.2 Sarnia Densitometer (KP 2806.7)
Physiography The densitometer is located on a gently sloped, faint knoll-and-sag terrain within the Lambton Clay Plain Sub-Unit of the St. Clair Clay Plain Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
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Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is bevelled till plain with shallow deposits of lacustrine clay. Upper Devonian shales of the Kettle Point Formation underlie the densitometer (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils The soil type at the densitometer is Perth Clay (eroded phase), which is slightly stony clayey till that is high in lime. The drainage is imperfect. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory (1956) as having very severe (Class 5) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to erosion (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The densitometer lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the densitometer as having very slight to slight (60% Class 2, 40% Class 3) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology Sarnia Densitometer is located within the Wawanosh Drain/Waddell Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is 15/16 Sideroad Drain, which is a constructed municipal drain located 100 m east of the facility.
Fisheries The Sideroad Drain exhibits a low potential for sensitive fisheries habitat.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESA, ANSI, or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the OMNR in the area. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the terminal as being a preferable area for the production of ungulates with very slight limitations (Class 2) and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Sarnia Densitometer is located in an industrial area in the southern portion of the City of Sarnia in the County of Lambton. There are approximately 31 companies associated with the petrochemical industry in Sarnia. The Sarnia-Lambton Economic Development
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Commission actively encourages industries and businesses geared towards trade and export in the Sarnia area. The petrochemical industry facilitates growth to secondary industries such as construction, warehousing, and transportation, which stimulates commercial and service growth in the grocery, clothing, hardware, restaurant, and hospitality sectors throughout Sarnia. Gladwish Drive, Highway 40, and Line 7, 8, and 9 are located within close proximity of the station. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the facility.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.3 Keyser Pump Station (KP 2857.8)
Physiography The pump station is located on variable terrain within the Horseshoe Moraines Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed of stony knobs and ridges, with sand and gravel terraces. Middle Devonian limestone, dolostone, and shale of the Hamilton Group underlie the station (Chapman and Putnam 1984). There is an aggregate pit north of the pump station (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1983a).
Soils The pump station soil type is Huron Association (Huron to Perth silty clay loam), which is derived from lacustrine clay and clay till parent material (Hagerty and Kingston 1992). These soils are moderately well to imperfectly drained. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no significant limitations to crop production (Class 1) (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The pump station lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the pump station as having no significant to very slight (80% Class 1, 20% Class 2) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Hydrology Keyser Pump Station is located within the Adelaide Creek (Ausable River) local drainage system. This artificial drainage system is random (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food 1983). The nearest watercourse to the pump station is Lenting Drain, which is a tributary of Adelaide Creek located 450 m northwest of the station.
Fisheries Adelaide Creek is a cold water creek that supports carp, shinners, jonny darter, and suckers (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1990). No fisheries data have been collected for Lenting Drain.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESA, ANSI, or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the OMNR in the area. North and south of the Keyser Pump Station are two areas of deer concentration. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the terminal as being a preferable area for the production of ungulates (Class 1) and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Keyser Pump Station is situated in the Township of Adelaide in the County of Middlesex. It is surrounded by agricultural fields which are used for the production of grasses and forage crops. Two dairy operations are within 300 to 400 m of the station. An aggregate extraction pit is located approximately 400 m north of the station. Small aggregate operations are found scattered through the north-western portion of Adelaide Township. The station is in close proximity to Kerwood Road (Middlesex Road 6), Ontario corridor, and Line 7, 8, and 9. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the pump station.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.4 Bryanston Pump Station (KP 2857.8)
Physiography The pump station is located on faint knoll-and-sag terrain with brown calcareous silty clay soils within the Stratford Till Plain Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Middle Devonian limestone, dolostone and shale of the Dundee Formation underlie the station (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
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Soils The soil type is Bryanstone Silt Loam, which has well to imperfect drainage (Hagerty and Kingston 1992). These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no significant limitations to crop production (Class 1) (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The pump station lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the pump station as having no significant to very slight (60% Class 1, 40% Class 2) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The pump station is located within the Upper Thames River local drainage system. This artificial drainage system is random (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food 1983).
Fisheries The nearest watercourse to the pump station is Ridson Drain, which is located 50 m north of the station and has a limited potential of supporting fish (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1990).
Wildlife Bryanston Wetland, a regionally significant wetland (Class 7), is situated approximately 200 m northeast of Bryanston Station (Hilts and Cook 1982, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1983b). The wetland is a complex of three individual units ranging in size from 1.1 to 4.0 ha. The wetland provides important hydrological functions such as flood attenuation, water quality improvement, and ground water recharge. The pump station is situated near an area of deer concentration. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the pump station as being a preferable area for the production of ungulates (Class 1) and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Bryanston Pump Station is located in a public utility area in the Township of Adelaide in Middlesex County. To the east is West Nissouri Township and to the west is London Township. There are several rural residential lots and agricultural enterprises located near Bryanston Pump Station. Approximately 100 m south of Bryanston Pump Station is a
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moderate sheep and cash crop operation. A rural residential lot with a single-family residence and a small pond is located 400 m east of the pump station. London/West Nissouri Townline Road, Country Road 16, Ontario Hydro corridor, and Line 7, 8, and 9 are located within close proximity of the station. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the pump station.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.5 Westover Station (KP B2998.3)
Physiography The Westover Station is located on relatively flat terrain within the Flamborough Plain of the Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geolgoy Surficial deposits are composed primarily of sandy Wentworth till over glacio-lacustrine and outwash sands (Karrow 1987). Middle and Lower Silurian sandstone, shale, dolostone, and siltstone of the Guelph Formation underlie the station (Chapman and Putnam 1984). There is a high potential for the bedrock to be used as crushed stone and shale (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1983a)
Soils Soil at the station is Farmington Loam, which is characterized as being loam in texture, but silt, sand and gravel inclusions are common (Present et al. 1965). The soils are well drained. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderate (Class 4) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to excessive wetness, adverse topography, and shallow depth to bedrock (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The station lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the facility as having very slight to moderately severe (10% Class 2, 40% Class 4, 50% Class 5) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Hydrology The station is located within the Spencer Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the station is Westover Creek located 100 m east of the facility.
Fisheries Westover Creek has the potential to support cold water fish.
Wildlife The Sheffield-Rockton Wetland Complex, a provincially significant wetland, surrounds Westover Station. The wetland complex is comprised of several significant sites, which are spread throughout the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth. The Westover Southwest Complex is the only one significant site that occurs adjacent to North Westover Densitometer. Being part of the Sheffield-Rockton Wetland Complex, the Westover Southwest Complex is designated a municipal ESA. The Westover Southwest Complex is comprised of a mix of previously disturbed terrestrial communities and wetland areas. Terrestrial systems consist of early successional communities and young conifer plantations. Open and treed alvar communities are widespread due to the shallow soils prevalent in the area. The Hamilton-Wentworth Natural Areas Inventory reports that the area includes broadleaf upland woods, mixed upland woods, open alvar, coniferous plantation, tall shrub thicket, old field and maintained sites. According to a survey completed by the Hamilton Naturalists’ Club in 1991, 54 vascular plant species are present in the Westover Southwest Complex Natural Area. The significant vascular plant species include one nationally/provincially rare species (long-styled Canadian sanicle, Sanicula canadensis var. grandis ) and three rare species in the former OMNR Central Region (leather-leaved grape, Botyrchium multifidurn ; marsh St. John’s wort, Triadenum fraseri ; false pennyroyal, Trichostema branchiatum ). This area provides important wildlife habitat. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the station as having slight limitations (Class 3) for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Westover Station is located in a rural industrial area in the Town of Flamborough. It is situated on the south side of Concession Road 6 West. There is a recreational field including ball diamonds and a children’s play area between Westover Station and North Westover Station. Three homes, including one with farm buildings, are located within 200 to 300 m of North Westover Station. There are additional homes to the west of the North Westover Densitometer along Concession Road 6 West. The hamlet of Westover is approximately 2 km east of Westover Junction. Overall, the area has numerous linear corridors, including TransCanada Pipe Line and Ontario Hydro 500 kv transmission line to the west of Westover and the 115 kv line serving North Westover Station and Westover Station. Flamborough Concession 6W provides access to the station. Line 10 and 11 and
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various electrical facilities, and oil storage tanks are situated close to the station. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the station.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.6 North Westover Densitometer (KP 2997.5)
Physiography The densitometer is located on relatively flat terrain within the Flamborough Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed primarily of sandy Wentworth till over glacio- lacustrine and outwash sands (Karrow 1987). Middle and Lower Silurian sandstone, shale, dolostone, and siltstone of the Guelph Formation underlie the densitometer (Chapman and Putnam 1984). There is a high potential for the bedrock to be used as crushed stone and shale (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1983a).
Soils Soils at the densitometer are Farmington Loam, which is characterized as being loam in texture, but silt, sand and gravel inclusions are common (Present et al. 1965). The soils are well drained. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderate (Class 4) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to excessive wetness, adverse topography, and shallow depth to bedrock (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The densitometer lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the facility as having very slight to moderately severe (10% Class 2, 40% Class 4, 50% Class 5) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Hydrology North Westover Densitometer is located within the Spencer Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is Westover Creek located 200 m northeast of the densitometer.
Fisheries Westover Creek has the potential to support cold water fish.
Wildlife The densitometer is immediately adjacent to Westover Lowland Forest, which is classified as an ESA by the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth (ESA #24). Westover Lowland Forest is considered significant because of the presence of a provincially significant wetland (Sheffield-Rockton Wetland Complex) and contiguous woodlots. The forest provides important wildlife habitat. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the densitometer as having slight limitations (Class 3) for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting North Westover Densitometer is located in the Town of Flamborough. It is situated just north of the Westover Station, which is bermed and set back on the south side of Concession Road 6 West. There is a recreational field including ball diamonds and a children’s play area between Westover Station and North Westover Densitometer. Three homes, including one with farm buildings, are located within 200 to 300 m of North Westover Station. There are additional homes to the west of the North Westover Station along Concession Road 6 West. The hamlet of Westover is approximately 2 km east of Westover Junction. Overall, the area has numerous linear corridors, including TransCanada Pipe Line and Ontario Hydro 500 kv transmission line to the west of Westover and the 115 kv line serving North Westover Station and Westover Station. Flamborough Concession 6W runs east-west and is located approximately 560 m south of the densitometer. Line 7, 8, and 9 are within close proximity of the densitometer. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the densitometer.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
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9.7 Ninth Line Junction (KP K3036.8)
Physiography The junction is located on very gently sloping, moderately knob and kettle terrain within the South Slope Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed primarily of silt, sand and shale intermixed with till. Upper Ordovician shale, limestone, dolostone, and siltstone of the Queenston formation intermixed underlie the junction (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils Soils at the junction are Oneida Clay Loam, which is a slightly stony clay loam till that drains well. The soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no significant limitations to crop production (Class 1) (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The junction lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the junction as having no significant to very slight (60% Class 1, 40% Class 2) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The facility is located within the Joshua’s Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourses to the terminal are Joshua’s Creek Tributaries located 500 m east of the junction.
Fisheries The tributaries have a limited potential to support fish, although the main tributary supports warm water baitfish.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESA, ANSI, or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the OMNR in the area. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the junction as being a preferable area for the production of ungulates with very slight limitations (Class 2)
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and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting The Ninth Line Junction is located in an agricultural parkway belt in the Town of Milton, just north of border for the Town of Oakville. The junction is in the vicinity of Ontario Hydro’s 230 kv Trafalger Transformer Station (TS), Highway 403, Ontario Hydro electric transmission lines and hydro corridor, Line 9, and Consumers Gas Pipeline. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the junction. No residences are close to the junction. Several kilometres to the south, the Clearview community has actively expressed concerns with industrial operations, such as the construction and lighting of the Ford Plant towers; however, it is not anticipated that they will have concerns about Line 9 activities.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.8 Valve 11 Densitometer (KP M2997.5)
Physiography The densitometer is located on very gently sloping, moderate knob and kettle terrain within the Hamilton to Toronto Sub-Unit of the Iroquois Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed primarily of stratified sands over grey and red shale. Middle Ordovician limestone, dolostone, shale, arkose, and sandstone of the Ottawa group underlie the valve (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils Soils at the densitometer are Oneida Clay Loam, which is a slightly stony clay loam till that drains well. 60% of the soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no significant limitations to crop production (Class 1). The remaining 40% has moderately severe (Class 3) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to topography (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The densitometer lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species
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that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the densitometer as having no significant to very slight (40% Class 1, 60% Class 2) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The densitometer is located within the Credit River System local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is Credit River located 160 m east of the facility.
Fisheries Credit River supports significant warm water sport fisheries.
The Credit River has been classified as an ESA by the Credit Valley Conservation (CVC) because it meets all of the following criteria: 1) is a distinctive or unusual landform, 2) is hydrological/ hydrogeologically significant, 3) has rare or endangered indigenous species, 4) has unusual or significant value, 5) is a remnant of a particular ecosystem, 6) provides a habitat for rare species, 7) maintains a significant natural system, and 8) has a high aesthetic value. This area has also been designated as ANSI by OMNR.
Wildlife The Credit River ANSI contains provincially rare flora species, exposed areas of bedrock, tableland, and river valley vegetation unique to the Carolinian Forestry Zone of Canada. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the densitometer as having slight limitations (Class 3) for the production of ungulates and moderately severe limitations (Class 5) for the production of waterfowl. Nonetheless, the Credit River provides important habitat for waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Valve 11 Densitometer is located in a public utility area in the Streetsville Area of the City of Mississauga, east of Mississauga Road and north of Highway 403 along the Ontario Hydro easement. The densitometer is located in a small field, set back about 50 m from the banks of the Credit River Valley. The only access to the valve is via Mississauga Road. There are no residences within 300 to 500 m to the south of Valve 11 due to the presence of Highway 403. To the north, there are 3 residences (a barn and farmhouse, a pioneer house, and Victorian-era house) and 2 businesses (Honey Sales and Garden Centre). The densitometer is visible from the nearest house. It is well hidden from the subdivision to the west due to the bank of the Mississauga Road bridge over Highway 403. Ontario Hydro is situated near the facility. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the facility.
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Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.9 Clarkson Station and Terminal (KP 3023.2)
Physiography The station and terminal are located on slightly sloping terrain within the Hamilton to Toronto Sub-Unit of the Iroquois Plain Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed primarily of stratified sands over grey and red shale (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The station and terminal are underlain by Upper Ordovician shale, limestone, dolostone, and siltstone of the Georgian Bay Formation intermixed with other formations.
Soils The station and terminal are Brady Sandy Loam, which is a stone-free sandy loam that drains imperfectly. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderately severe (Class 3) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to excessive moisture (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The station and terminal lie within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak (Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the Clarkson Station and Terminal as having severe (Class 7) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology Clarkson Station and Terminal is located within the Sheridan Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is Sheridan Creek located 500 m north of the facility.
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Fisheries Sheridan Creek has a limited potential of supporting fish above Rattray Marsh due to urbanization.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESA, ANSI, or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the OMNR in the area. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the terminal as having moderately severe (Class 5) to severe (Class 7) limitations for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting Clarkson Station and Terminal is located in the southern part of the City of Mississauga known as Clarkson, on the northern shore of Lake Ontario. While the area contains a mix of executive homes, attached homes and apartments, it is predominately an industrial area. Numerous heavy industries such as Petro-Canada, St. Lawrence Cement, and Asenco Asphalt are located along Southdown Road and Lakeshore Road West. The current Clarkson Station is located entirely on lands occupied by existing petrochemical facilities. Orr Road runs east-west, north of the station and terminal, and Clarkson Road runs north- south, east of the station and terminal. Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail and CNR runs adjacent to the facilities. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the station and terminal.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.10 Valve 18 (Precious Corners Pressure Monitoring Facility) (KP M3214.5)
Physiography The monitoring facility is located on slightly sloping terrain within the Newcastle to Trenton Sub-Unit of the Iroquois Plan Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology The unconsolidated material is composed primarily of sand mixed with silt. Middle Ordovician limestone, dolostone, shale, arkose, and sandstone of the Ottawa group underlie the facility (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils Soils at the monitoring facility are Percy Fine Sandy Loam, a fine stone-free sand that drains well. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having no
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significant limitations to crop production (Class 1) (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The monitoring facility lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree (Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak (Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the facility as having no significant to moderate (30% Class 1, 50% Class 2, 20% Class 4) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The monitoring facility is located within the Cobourg Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is Cobourg Creek West, which is located 200 m west of the facility.
Fisheries Cobourg Creek West has the potential of supporting cold water fish, such as rainbow trout and some salmonids.
Wildlife The monitoring facility is situated adjacent to the Cobourg Creek ESA. The Township of Hamilton’s ESA designation applies to lands which have inherent environmentally sensitivity and/or environmental hazards ( e.g., watercourses and their associated valley lands, fish and wildlife habitat, and flood or erosion susceptible lands, among others). These areas are to be used primarily for the preservation and conservation of the natural landscape and environment. Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands at the terminal as having slight limitations (Class 3) for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting The monitoring facility is located in a rural area in the Township of Hamilton in Northumberland County, near Burnham Street, north of Cobourg. The monitoring facility is south of the intersection of Davidson and Danforth Road in a farm field and above a valley and rivershed. Access to the facility for the installation of the pressure monitoring facility can occur from Dale Road (Country Road #74) or Burnham Street. North of Line 9, the TransCanada Pipeline runs parallel to it. Ontario Hydro electric transmission line runs south of Line 9. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the monitoring facility. The area is a combination ex-urban residential area of well kept homes
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mixed with farm residences. There are approximately seven homes and one church (Bethesda United Church) within 1,000 m of the valve. Only the Acklin home to the northeast has a direct site-line to the monitoring facility.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.11 Hilton Pump Station (KP M3214.5)
Physiography The pump station is located on moderately sloping terrain within the South Slope Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Surficial and Bedrock Geology Middle Ordovician limestone, dolostone, shale, arkose, and sandstone of the Ottawa group underlie the station (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The station is bordering a mineral aggregate area (Class 1, 2, and 3 sand and gravel) (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1983b).
Soils Soils at the station are imperfectly drained Rubicon Sand, which is characterized as being stone-free sand over sandy loam. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having severe limitations (50% Class 4) with the remaining 50% being capable of only producing perennial forage crops (Class 6). These soils restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to low fertility and climate limitations (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The station lies within the Niagara Section of the Deciduous Forest Region (Rowe 1972). This region includes the Carolinian Zone of Canada, which contains many species that occur at the northern limit of their range and are not found elsewhere in Canada. Carolinian species include the tulip tree ( Liriodendron tulipifera ), cucumber tree ( Magnolia acuminata ), pawpaw ( Asimina triloba ), red mulberry ( Morus rubra ), black oak ( Quercus velutina ), and sassafras ( Sassafras albidum ) (Rowe 1972, Allen et al. 1990). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the pump station as having very slight to moderate (10% Class 2, 50% Class 3, 40% Class 4) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Hydrology The pump station is located within the Cold Creek local drainage system. The nearest watercourse to the terminal is Cold Creek, which is located 600 m west of the station.
Fisheries Cold Creek has the potential of supporting cold water fish.
Wildlife The station is located approximately 500 m north of Cold Creek Wetland, which is a provincially significant wetland (formerly identified as a Class 1 wetland). It is a contiguous wetland that comprises an area of 203.6 ha. The wetland consists of approximately 68% swamp and 32% marsh lands. Most of these areas are typical of riverine characteristics. Vegetation includes, but are not limited to, reed canary grass, joe- pye weed, golden rod, willow, dogwood, black ash, basswood, speckled alder, ostrich fern, red and mountain maple, white cedar, white elm and many grasses and sedges. Wildlife that has been identified within the wetland include, but are not limited to, bullfrogs, snapping turtles, muskrats, beavers, minks and raccoons. A deer wintering area is located north of the station. Canada Land Inventory has not rated the land in terms of its capability to produce ungulates and waterfowl.
Socio-Economic Setting The Hilton Pump Station is located in a rural area in the Township of Cramahe in the County of Northumberland. It is approximately 300 m west of the Hamlet of Shiloh, a former pioneer community centred around the Shiloh United Church, school house, and cemetery. There are seven homes in the community. Areas of social significance in the vicinity of the existing station include: apple orchards to the south and corn crops to the east, a residence within 100 m southeast having an unobstructed view of the site, and the built-up area of Shiloh. A road allowance is marked to run north-south, east of the station, and Penryn Road runs east-west, south of the station. TransCanada Pipe Line runs north of Line 9 and parallel to it. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the station.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.12 Cardinal Pump Station (KP M3414.3)
Physiography The pump station is located on nearly level to slightly undulating terrain and lies within the Edwardsburgh Sand Plain Physiographic Unit (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
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Surficial and Bedrock Geology The station is underlain by lower Ordovician dolostone and sandstone of the Beekmantown Group. The underlying bedrock is typically covered by a thick mantle of soil material (Chapman and Putnam 1984).
Soils Imperfectly drained Rubicon Sand soils, which are characterized as being stone-free sand over sandy loam, occur at the Cardinal Pump Station. These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderately severe (Class 3) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require special conservation practices for agriculture due to low fertility (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The pump station lies within the Huron-Ontario Section of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region (Rowe 1972). Trees which are common to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region, such as sugar maple ( Acer saccarhum ), American beech ( Fagus grandifolia ), white elm ( Ulmus americana ), basswood ( Tilia americana ), red ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ), white oak ( Quercus alba ) and butternut ( Juglans cinerea ) can be found in forested areas and as scattered individuals. Conifers, such as eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus ), tamarack ( Larix laricina ), eastern red cedar ( Juniperus virginiana ) and eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ), although less common than deciduous tree species, may also be found in this region (Rowe 1972). Canada Land Inventory has rated the lands surrounding the pump station as having very slight to moderately severe (30% Class 2, 60% Class 3, 10% Class 5) limitations to the growth of commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The station is located within the South Nation Creek local drainage system. Black Creek and a tributary to Black Creek (intermittent drainage) are the nearest watercourses located approximately 375 m south of the station.
Fisheries Black Creek and its tributary have potential to support warm water fish.
Wildlife There are no significant wetlands, ESAs, Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI), or key areas of wildlife habitat recognized by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) in the area. The lands have moderate limitations (Class 4) for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 7) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
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Socio-Economic Setting The Cardinal Pump Station is located in an agricultural area in the Township of Edwardsburgh in the County of Grenville. It is situated south of Brousville Road, approximately 1 km west of Mainsville and northwest of the Town of Cardinal. An Ontario Hydro transmission line exists to the north of the site and parallels the existing pipeline. A service road runs north-south, west of the station. The TransCanada Pipe Line runs south of Line 9 and parallel to it. Ontario Hydro electrical transmission line runs east-west, north of Line 9. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the facility. One residence occurs within 100 m south of the station.
Heritage Resources The potential for archaeological and heritage resources to be encountered is virtually nonexistent.
9.13 Montreal Terminal (KP M3636.5)
Physiography The terminal is located on slightly sloping terrain and lies within the Centre Low Lands Formation Sub-Unit of the St. Lawrence Low Lands Physiographic Unit (Globensky 1987).
Surficial Bedrock and Geology It is underlain by crystalline limestone and shale bedrock of the Tetreauville Formation. Outcrops of rock are uncommon in the area (Globensky 1987). Shallow till surficial deposits overlie the bedrock.
Soils The soil type is moderately to excessively well drained sandy and silty Dorval Clay Loam and Farmington Loam (Lajoie and Baril 1953, Lajoie and Stobbe 1950, Lajoie 1960). These soils have been rated by the Canada Land Inventory as having moderate (Class 2) limitations that restrict the range of crops or require moderate conservation practices for agriculture primarily due to excessive moisture (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Vegetation The terminal lies within the Huron-Ontario Section of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region (Rowe 1972). Trees that are common to the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest Region include sugar maple ( Acer saccarhum ), American beech ( Fagus grandifolia ), white elm (Ulmus americana ), basswood ( Tilia americana ), red ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ), white oak ( Quercus alba ) and butternut ( Juglans cinerea ). Conifers, such as eastern white pine (Pinus strobus ), tamarack ( Larix laricina ), eastern red cedar ( Juniperus virginiana ) and
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eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ) are less common in the area (Rowe 1972). Canada Land Inventory has rated the land as being moderately limiting (Class 4) in its capability to support commercial timber (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Hydrology The terminal is located within the Riviere-des-Prairies local drainage system.
Fisheries The nearest watercourse to the terminal is a cut-off drain with no fisheries potential that is located parallel to the northeast property line of the terminal. The nearest watercourses containing significant fish species are the Des Prairies and St. Lawrence rivers. Fishery resources are managed by the Montreal office of the Quebec Ministry of Environment and Wildlife (MEF).
Wildlife The Montreal Terminal does not lie within any areas of ungulate concentrations, wetland habitat, waterfowl rafting areas or endangered species habitat. Canada Land Inventory has rated the land as having moderate limitations (Class 4) for the production of ungulates and severe limitations (Class 6) for the production of waterfowl (Ecological Services for Planning Ltd. 1997).
Socio-Economic Setting The Montreal Terminal is located in an industrial area within the City of Montreal in the Parish of Pointe-aux-Trembles. It is located in the eastern part of Montreal Island in the Municipality of Montreal East. The land located within 500 m of the terminal is industrial, with many petroleum refineries (including Imperial Oil), oil storage tanks, hydrocarbon pipelines, a scrap yard and a quarry (Demix) in the area. The terminal is adjacent to Broadway Street North and Henri-Bourassa Blvd. and is within 150 m of CNR. No active or closed landfill sites were identified in the vicinity of the terminal. The nearest residences are located approximately 600 m northwest of the terminal.
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10.0 REFERENCES
10.1 Personal Communications
Barclay, G. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Unity, Saskatchewan.
Barisow, D. Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
Bauldic, D. Administrator, R.M. of Glenwood No. 131. Souris, Manitoba.
Bergen, J. Administrator, R.M. of Rhineland No. 164. Altona, Manitoba.
Bergmann, A. Town Manager, Town of Morden. Morden, Manitoba.
Blouin, F. Information Manager, Manitoba Conservation Data Centre. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Boake, D. Administrator, R.M. of Oakland No. 157. Nesbitt, Manitoba.
Bodnaruk, R. Manager, Water Licensing Section, Water Resources Branch, Manitoba Natural Resources. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Bowes, D. Resource Technologist, Alberta Natural Resources Service. Edmonton, Alberta.
Brenner, D. Administrator, R.M. of Montmartre No. 126 and Clerk, Village of Montmartre. Montmartre, Saskatchewan.
Busby, W. Administrator, R.M. of Pipestone No. 162. Reston, Manitoba.
Cabak, S. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.
Caron, C. Administrator, R.M. of Francis No. 127. Francis, Saskatchewan.
Chappell, B. Area Biologist, Ducks Unlimited Canada. North Battleford, Saskatchewan.
Chranowski, D. Regional Wildlife Biologist, Western Region, Manitoba Natural Resources. Brandon, Manitoba.
Crowson, J. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Virden, Manitoba.
Davis, W. Administrator, R.M. of Winslow No. 319 and Clerk, Village of Dodsland. Dodsland, Saskatchewan.
Dean, D. Administrator, R.M. of Huron No. 223. Tugaske, Saskatchewan.
Dearsley, G. Administrator, R.M. of Argyle No. 102. Baldur, Manitoba.
Drinnain, S. Administrator, R.M. of South Qu’Appelle No. 157. Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan.
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Forbes, B. Agricultural Fieldman, Municipal District of Provost No. 52. Provost, Alberta.
Fox, T. Administrator, R.M. of Craik No. 222. Craik, Saskatchewan.
Giles, G. Administrator, R.M. of Mountainview No. 318. Herschel, Saskatchewan.
Ginault, V. Administrator, R.M. of Heart’s Hill No. 352. Luseland, Saskatchewan.
Graniak, L. Regional Crops Specialist, West Central Region, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Grassl, E. Administrator, R.M. of Silverwood No. 123. Whitewood, Saskatchewan.
Grojczyk, M. Southwest Water Resource Office, Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Swift Current, Saskatchewan.
Hall, R. Administrator, R.M. of Walpole No. 92. Wawota, Saskatchewan.
Harder, M. Chief Administrative Officer, Village of Gretna. Gretna, Manitoba.
Haug, D. Administrator, R.M. of Fertile Valley No. 285. Conquest, Saskatchewan.
Heise, R. Administrator, R.M. of Lajord No. 128. Lajord, Saskatchewan.
Hepworth, B. Area Biologist, Ducks Unlimited Canada. Regina, Saskatchewan.
Hernadez, H. Ecological Reserves, Parks and Natural Areas Branch, Manitoba Natural Resources. Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Hicks, R. Administrator, R.M. of Dufferin No. 190. Bethune, Saskatchewan.
Hoff, J. Administrator, R.M. of Chester No. 125. Glenavon, Saskatchewan.
Hollinger, J. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Souris, Manitoba.
Hovdestad, L. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Outlook, Saskatchewan.
Ippolito, J. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Rosetown, Saskatchewan.
Johnson, G. Administrator, R.M. of Oakdale No. 320. Coleville, Saskatchewan.
Jurkovic, D. Administrator, R.M. of Maryfield No. 91. Maryfield, Saskatchewan.
Kaschel, B. Engineering Assistant, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Keith, J. Information Manager/Zoologist, Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre. Regina, Saskatchewan.
Kletke, L. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Altona, Manitoba.
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Klippenstein, R. Administrator, R.M. of Stanley No. 190. Morden, Manitoba.
Kolkman, B. Regional Aggregate Technologist, Alberta Transportation & Utilities. Red Deer, Alberta.
Laborde, N. Regional Land Specialist, Oil and Gas Coordinator, Parkland Ecoregion, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Laich, J. Administrator, R.M. of Wawkin No. 93. Wawota, Saskatchewan.
Leniuk, R. Senior Water Resource Technician, Northwest Office, Saskatchewan Water Corporation. North Battleford, Saskatchewan.
Lischka, S. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Brandon, Manitoba.
Lozinsky, T. Administrator, R.M. of Kingsley No. 124. Kipling, Saskatchewan.
McCutcheon, A. Fisheries Technician, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management. Melville, Saskatchewan.
McFaden, R. Regional Parks Manager, Western Region, Manitoba Natural Resources. Brandon, Manitoba.
McKell, J. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Indian Head, Saskatchewan.
Meadows, C. Administrator, R.M. of Pense No. 160. Pense, Saskatchewan.
Mercer, D. Community Services Department, Urban Planning Division, City of Regina. Regina, Saskatchewan.
Merkl, T. Regional Parks Manager, Central Region, Manitoba Natural Resources. Gimli, Manitoba.
Merkowsky, J. Regional Fisheries Biologist, Parkland Ecoregion, Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Nedohin, B. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Morden, Manitoba.
Nieman, M. Administrator, R.M. of Milden No. 286. Milden, Saskatchewan.
Olson, D. Administrator, R.M. of St. Andrews No. 287. Rosetown, Saskatchewan.
Pascal, K. Research Agronomist, Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation, Manitoba Agriculture. Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.
Petz, D. Administrator, Town of Kipling. Kipling, Saskatchewan.
Phillips, D. Planner, County of Strathcona. Edmonton, Alberta.
Picard, R. Agriculture Representative, Manitoba Agriculture. Somerset, Manitoba.
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Pilon, N. Office Administrator. East Central Water Resource Office, Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Yorkton, Saskatchewan.
Plaetinck, E. Administrator, R.M. of South Cypress No. 187. Glenboro, Manitoba.
Pollock, J. Extension Agrologist, Extension Services Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Moosemin, Saskatchewan.
Rapp, B. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Regina, Saskatchewan.
Rieter, J. Administrator, R.M. of Marriott No. 317. Rosetown, Saskatchewan.
Rintoul, J. Heritage Information System Coordinator, Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre. Edmonton, Alberta.
Risula, D. Extension Agrologist, Extension Services Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan.
Robertshaw, P. Extension Agrologist, Extension Service Branch, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food. Kindersley, Saskatchewan.
Rollie, D. Administrator, R.M. of Sherwood No. 159. Regina, Saskatchewan.
Sagen, N. Administrator, R.M. of Willner No. 253. Davidson, Saskatchewan.
Sauter, D. Clerk, Village of Fairlight. Fairlight, Saskatchewan.
Shewchuk, R. Area Manager, Ducks Unlimited Canada. Wainwright, Alberta.
Siba, D. Water Resource Assistant, Southeast Office, Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Weyburn, Saskatchewan.
Smith, M. Administrator, R.M. of Sifton No. 184. Oak Lake, Manitoba.
Stephenson, D. Chief Administrative Officer, R.M. of Wallace No. 199. Virden, Manitoba.
Stranden, G. Irrigation and Agricultural Services, South Saskatchewan River Irrigation District #1. Outlook, Saskatchewan.
Stronski, N. Administrator, R.M. of Loreburn No. 254. Loreburn, Saskatchewan.
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Talbot, L. Administrator, Village of Somerset. Somerset, Manitoba.
Trew, D. Water Administration, Alberta Environmental Protection. Edmonton, Alberta.
Trew, H. Administrator, R.M. of Progress No. 351. Luseland, Saskatchewan.
Turner, V. Administrator, R.M. of Lorne No. 144. Somerset, Manitoba.
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Varva, B. Project Supervisor, Irrigation Districts. Saskatchewan Water Corporation. Outlook, Saskatchewan.
Wingert, K. Fisheries Technician, Natural Resources Service, Alberta Environment. Red Deer, Alberta.
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Wright, B. Regional Fisheries Manager, Western Region, Manitoba Natural Resources. Brandon, Manitoba.
Young, J. Administrator, R.M. of Pembina No. 161. Manitou, Manitoba.
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Alberta Environmental Protection. 1999b. 1999 Alberta guide to sportfishing regulations. 74 pp.
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Barto, W.P. and C.G. Vogel. 1978. Agro-Manitoba Information Package. Manitoba Department of Mines, Natural Resources & Environment: Lands and Surveys Division, Winnipeg.
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APPENDIX A
HYDROLOGY AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS
LIST OF STREAMFLOW CHARTS/FIGURES
EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Mill Creek At Its Mouth...... 1 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For The Battle River Near The Saskatchewan Boundary...... 2
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Ribstone Creek Near Czar ...... 3 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Eyehill Creek Near Macklin ...... 4
KERROBERT TO REGINA
Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Eagle Creek Near Anglia ...... 5 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Eagle Creek Near Rosetown ...... 6 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For The South Saskatchewan River Near Outlook ...... 7 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Iskwao Creek Near Craik...... 8 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For The Qu’appelle River Below Moose Jaw River...... 9 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Cottonwood Creek Near Lumsden...... 10 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Wascana Creek Near Lumsden...... 11 TABLE A-1 Surface Water Quality For Selected Watercourses Along The Proposed Pipeline Route From Kerrobert To Regina ...... 12
REGINA TO CROMER
Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Jackson Creek Near Melita...... 13 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Stony Creek Near Broomhill...... 14 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Pipestone Creek Near The Saskatchewan Boundary...... 15 TABLE A-2 Surface Water Quality For Selected Watercourses Along The Proposed Pipeline Route From Regina To Cromer ...... 16
CROMER TO GRETNA
Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For The Souris River At Wawanesa ...... 17 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Oak Creek Near Glenboro...... 18 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For The Cypress River Near Bruxelles ...... 19 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Mary Jane Creek At La Riviere ...... 21 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Deadhorse Creek At Morden...... 22 Historical Streamflow (m3/s) Summary For Buffalo Creek Near Altona...... 23 TABLE A-3: Surface Water Quality For Selected Watercourses Along The Proposed Pipeline Route From Cromer To The Us Border ...... 24
EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR MILL CREEK AT ITS MOUTH
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge 0.388 0.388 0.623 1.73 7.47 8.10 2.65 1.34 1.49 1.32 0.646 0.384 Max. Discharge 0.552 0.473 2.16 3.77 14.6 24.4 6.90 5.84 12.10 4.30 0.866 0.470 Min. Discharge 0.289 0.341 0.154 0.561 1.24 1.17 0.574 0.457 0.337 0.388 0.473 0.270
Years of Streamflow Record: 1910-1920, 1967-1986 Maximum Daily Discharge: 133 m3/s (June 19, 1975) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.05 m3/s (March 8, 1985) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Drainage Area: 179 m2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
30
Mean Discharge 25 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 20
15
10 Discharge (m3/s)
5
0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-1
EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR THE BATTLE RIVER NEAR THE SASKATCHEWAN BOUNDARY Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge 0.994 0.885 4.74 24.2 14.6 7.94 11.0 7.81 4.64 3.54 2.30 1.33 Max. Discharge 2.26 1.86 11.9 56.1 47.4 15.2 50.5 32.4 10.4 10.9 6.92 3.0 Min. Discharge 0.310 0.284 0.378 8.52 3.40 1.82 2.37 0.896 0.426 0.772 0.431 0.323
Years of Streamflow Record: 1978 - 1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 92.7 m3/s (April 9, 1987) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.145 m3/s (November 30, 1985) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Drainage Area: 24,800 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
60 Mean Monthly Discharge Max. Monthly Discharge 50 Min. Monthly Discharge 40 30 20 10 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Battle River (KP 173.7). View looking south.
A-2
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR RIBSTONE CREEK NEAR CZAR
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge ------0.25 0.608 0.6 0.185 0.111 0.047 0.025 0.008 ------Max. Monthly Discharge ------0.120 3.14 6.15 1.49 0.685 0.327 0.290 0.057 ------Min. Monthly Discharge ------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1968-1991 Maximum Daily Discharge: 20.9 m3/s (April 30, 1974) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s (on various dates) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Drainage Area: 1,830 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
7 Mean Monthly Discharge 6 Max. Monthly Discharge 5 Min. Monthly Discharge 4 3 2
Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 1 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Ribstone Creek.
A-3
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR EYEHILL CREEK NEAR MACKLIN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge ------0.060 0.402 0.105 0.053 0.036 0.042 0.021 0.009 ------Max. Monthly Discharge ------0.54 2.38 0.73 0.29 0.42 0.45 0.20 0.13 ------Min. Monthly Discharge ------0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1966-94 Maximum Daily Discharge: 13.6 m3/s (April 13, 1969) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s (various dates) (extreme recorded for the period of record) Drainage Area: 10,100 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
2.5 Mean Monthly Discharge 2 Max. Monthly Discharge
1.5 Min. Monthly Discharge
1
0.5 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Eyehill Creek crossing at KP 272.2 (SE 35-37-1 W4M). View to the northwest.
A-4
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR EAGLE CREEK NEAR ANGLIA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge --- 0.386 0.529 2.19 0.471 0.183 0.220 0.052 0.027 0.022 ------Max. Discharge --- 0.509 2.39 9.03 4.46 1.97 1.49 0.610 0.381 0.088 ------Min. Discharge --- 0.263 0.00 0.066 0.006 0.002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1923-1925, 1971-1992 Maximum Daily Discharge: 45.3 m3/s on April 20, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 5,730 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
10 Mean Discharge 8 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 6
4
2 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking north at proposed crossing of Eagle Creek near KP 393.8.
A-5
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR EAGLE CREEK NEAR ROSETOWN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------0.613 8.52 0.948 0.389 0.532 0.182 0.114 0.059 ------Max. Discharge ------2.86 22.8 3.53 2.39 4.15 1.48 0.918 0.324 ------Min. Discharge ------0.00 0.118 0.013 0.007 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1962-1970 Maximum Daily Discharge: 180 m3/s on April 12, 1969 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 6,130 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
25 Mean Discharge 20 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 15
10
5 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking north at Eagle Creek crossing near KP 425.9.
A-6
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER NEAR OUTLOOK Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------512 529 825 593 271 221 175 277 --- Max. Discharge ------1210 1550 1790 1170 523 763 483 277 --- Min. Discharge ------200 167 397 181 52.9 32.0 31.2 277 ---
Years of Streamflow Record: 1947-1966 Maximum Daily Discharge: 2,330 m3/s on April 11, 1952 Minimum Daily Discharge: Not applicable Drainage Area: 136,000 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
2000 Mean Discharge Max. Discharge 1500 Min. Discharge 1000
500 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking west at the proposed crossing of the South Saskatchewan River.
A-7
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR ISKWAO CREEK NEAR CRAIK Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge --- 0.000 0.121 0.477 0.016 0.002 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.000 ------Max. Monthly Discharge --- 0.000 0.502 3.820 0.147 0.016 0.261 0.004 0.000 0.000 ------Min. Monthly Discharge --- 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1972-1992 Maximum Daily Discharge: 21.1 m3/s on April 20, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 361 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
5 Mean Monthly Discharge 4 Max. Monthly Discharge
3 Min. Monthly Discharge
2
1 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Iskwao Creek at KP 587.
A-8
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR THE QU’APPELLE RIVER BELOW MOOSE JAW RIVER Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge 0.970 1.21 2.54 13.8 9.56 4.04 3.52 1.55 1.06 0.875 0.986 0.977 Max. Discharge 4.84 5.57 41.0 82.0 62.4 32.2 30.2 12.7 7.08 3.97 3.76 3.92 Min. Discharge 0.461 0.448 0.00 0.151 0.029 0.002 0.004 0.00 0.002 0.00 0.298 0.428
Years of Streamflow Record: 1944-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 278 m3/s on April 21, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 12,800 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
100 Mean Discharge 80 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 60
40
20 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking west at the proposed crossing of the Qu’Appelle River near KP 857.
A-9
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR COTTONWOOD CREEK NEAR LUMSDEN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge --- 0.002 0.293 1.90 0.232 0.130 0.113 0.034 0.007 0.002 ------Max. Discharge --- 0.003 3.50 10.8 2.70 1.46 1.21 0.733 0.143 0.050 ------Min. Discharge --- 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1973-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 56.6 m3/s on April 21, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 615 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
12 Mean Discharge 10 Max. Discharge 8 Min. Discharge 6 4 2 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking north at the proposed crossing of Cottonwood Creek near KP 679.5.
A-10
KERROBERT TO REGINA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR WASCANA CREEK NEAR LUMSDEN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge 0.461 0.511 1.44 9.40 3.44 1.56 1.48 0.807 0.653 0.485 0.542 0.474 Max. Discharge 0.640 0.760 10.8 43.8 23.7 12.8 12.1 3.24 1.50 1.22 0.967 0.678 Min. Discharge 0.240 0.295 0.016 0.325 0.240 0.184 0.150 0.140 0.069 0.163 0.165 0.132
Years of Streamflow Record: 1945-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 153 m3/s on April 22, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 3,850 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
50 Mean Discharge 40 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 30
20
10 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking upstream at proposed crossing of Wascana Creek near KP 689.5.
A-11
TABLE A-1
SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR SELECTED WATERCOURSES ALONG THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Canadian Livestock Drinking Irrigation Drinking Cottonwood Eagle Qu’Appelle South Wascana Parameter1 Water Water Water Creek Creek Eagle Creek Eagle Creek River Saskatchewan Creek- Standard Standard Standard (1987-1997) (1991) (1989-1997) (1989-1997) (1987-1996) River (1987-1996) (1993-1997) Location2 10-15 km UP; 20-30 km <5 km DN <5 km DN 20-30 km DN; 10-15 km UP; 20-30 km DN; SW 6-17-21 UP (KP 425.9); (KP 425.9); above downstream of above W2M near (KP 393.9); downstream of upstream of Wascana Lake Diefenbaker Qu’Appelle Pense Hwy. 51 Hwy. 4 near Hwy. 4 near Creek west of Rosetown Rosetown Kelfield Inorganic (mg/L) -Calcium3 1000 90.4 46 77.7 118.4 45.3 44.3 62.5 -Chloride3 250 100-700 127.4 2.2 18.7 194.8 19.7 6.8 123.3 -Copper 1.0 0.2-1.0 0.5-1.0 -Iron 0.3 5.0 -Manganese 0.05 0.2 -Nitrate +Nitrite 10 100 0.3 0.3 0.04 0.05 0.1 0.2 4.9 -pH (pH units) 6.5-8.5 7.7 8.1 8.07 8.09 8.3 8.1 7.9 -Sulphate 500 1000 195 41 515.4 950.4 117.1 58 213.2 -Total Dissolved 500 500-3500 3000 1019.9 (calcd.) 289 1218.3 (calcd.) 2253.8 (calcd.) 473.6 (calcd.) 334.7 (calcd.) 767.4 (calcd.) Solids4 (calcd.) -Zinc 5.0 50.0 Microbiological (#/100mL) -Fecal coliforms 0 100 311.7 70 38.6 32.2 37.4 5 135 -Total coliforms 10 1000 56480.8 600 707.1 2176.7 307.5 24 4739
Sources: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992 Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1997a
Notes: 1 Parameters included here are limited to those available and those with corresponding Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992). 2 UP = upstream of proposed pipeline crossing DN = downstream of proposed pipeline crossing Kilometre measurements are approximate only. 3 The parameter was tested for dissolved values, unless otherwise marked. 4 calcd. = calculated
A-12
REGINA TO CROMER
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR JACKSON CREEK NEAR MELITA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge ------0.045 1.39 0.208 0.048 0.007 0.000 0.003 0.034 ------Max. Monthly Discharge ------0.341 16.9 1.86 0.713 0.085 0.001 0.052 0.550 ------Min. Monthly Discharge ------0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1936, 1975-1990 Maximum Daily Discharge: 38.2 m3/s on April 11, 1976 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 490 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
20 Mean Monthly Discharge
15 Max. Monthly Discharge Min. Monthly Discharge 10
5 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-13
REGINA TO CROMER
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR STONY CREEK NEAR BROOMHILL Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge --- 0.011 0.081 1.35 0.244 0.050 0.039 0.004 0.022 0.023 ------Max. Monthly Discharge --- 0.011 0.836 14.5 1.86 0.415 0.729 0.078 0.455 0.431 ------Min. Monthly Discharge --- 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1965-1991 Maximum Daily Discharge: 54.7 m3/s on April 10, 1976 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 460 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
16 Mean Monthly Discharge 14 12 Max. Monthly Discharge 10 Min. Monthly Discharge 8 6 4
Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 2 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-14
REGINA TO CROMER
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR PIPESTONE CREEK NEAR THE SASKATCHEWAN BOUNDARY Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge 0.034 0.035 1.76 3.15 0.894 0.182 0.174 0.085 0.140 0.169 0.104 0.053 Max. Monthly Discharge 0.209 0.278 6.44 12.1 3.19 0.696 0.603 0.485 0.436 0.476 0.711 0.272 Min. Monthly Discharge 0.000 0.000 0.055 0.099 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001
Years of Streamflow Record: 1982-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 36.3 m3/s on April 24, 1983 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 3860 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
14 Mean Monthly Discharge 12 Max. Monthly Discharge 10 Min. Monthly Discharge 8 6 4
Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 2 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Pipestone Creek at KP 951.5. View looking west.
A-15
TABLE A-2
SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR SELECTED WATERCOURSES ALONG THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Canadian Irrigation Drinking Water Water Livestock Drinking Little Pipestone Little Pipestone Parameter1 Standard Standard Water Standard Creek (1987-1996) Creek (1987-1993) Location2 10-15 km UP; 10-15 km UP; downstream of NE upstream of road 13-11-1 W2M near crossing near Wawota Wawota Inorganic (mg/L) -Arsenic -Cadmium 5 0.01 0.02 -Calcium3 1000 97.2 120.5 -Chloride3 250 100-700 268.6 138.3 -Copper 1.0 0.2-1.0 0.5-1.0 -Fluoride 1.5 1.0 2.0 -Iron 0.3 5.0 -Lead 0.05 0.2 0.1 -Manganese 0.05 0.2 -Mercury (ug/L) 1 -Nickel 10.0 0.02 1.0 -Nitrate +Nitrite 10 100 0.05 0.095 -pH (pH units) 6.5-8.5 8.1 7.9 -Sulphate 500 1000 415.1 397.3 -Total Dissolved Solids 500 500-3500 3000 1528.3 (calcd.) 1353.8 (calcd.) -Zinc 5.0 50.0 Physical -Colour (TCU) 15 -Turbidity (NTU) 5 Microbiological (#/100mL) -Fecal coliforms 0 100 88.3 3775 -Total coliforms 10 1000 2928.3 4305
Sources: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992 Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1997a Manitoba Environment 1997 Notes: 1 Parameters included here are limited to those available and those with corresponding Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992). Abbreviated words describe different methods used to find values. calcd. = calculated diss. = dissolved sol. = soluble 2 UP = upstream of proposed pipeline crossing DN = downstream of pipeline crossing Kilometre measurements are approximate only. 3 The parameter was tested for dissolved values, unless otherwise marked.
A-16
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR THE SOURIS RIVER AT WAWANESA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge 0.781 0.806 3.75 34.5 34.7 21.2 11.0 5.05 2.79 2.68 2.60 1.19 Max. Discharge 9.01 7.47 25.2 488 286 175 86.5 30.4 13.8 26.8 24.9 12.2 Min. Discharge 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.714 0.274 0.058 0.016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Years of Streamflow Record: 1912-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 742 m3/s on April 11, 1976 (ice conditions) Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 61,100 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
600 Mean Discharge 500 Max. Discharge 400 Min. Discharge 300 200 100 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking north at the proposed Souris River crossing near KP 1073.5.
A-17
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR OAK CREEK NEAR GLENBORO Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------0.475 1.07 0.285 0.183 0.189 0.113 0.018 0.012 ------Max. Discharge ------1.38 2.76 1.73 0.459 0.645 0.544 0.136 0.061 ------Min. Discharge ------0.00 0.023 0.018 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1986-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 8.28 m3/s on March 30, 1992 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 496 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
3 Mean Discharge 2.5 Max. Discharge 2 Min. Discharge 1.5 1 0.5 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Oak Creek near KP 1087.
A-18
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR THE CYPRESS RIVER NEAR BRUXELLES
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------0.449 3.56 0.713 0.079 0.220 0.147 0.074 0.046 ------Max. Discharge ------3.02 12.2 5.25 0.320 2.26 1.73 1.04 0.508 ------Min. Discharge ------0.00 0.022 0.038 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1965-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 73.9 m3/s on April 19, 1974 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 277 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
14
12 Mean Discharge Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 10
8
6 Discharge (m3/s)
4
2
0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-19
Looking south at the proposed Cypress River crossing near KP 1120.1.
Looking east at the proposed Cypress River crossing at KP 1131.6.
A-20
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR MARY JANE CREEK AT LA RIVIERE
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------0.180 1.57 0.301 0.067 0.072 0.065 0.032 0.017 ------Max. Discharge ------1.60 4.76 1.93 0.343 0.413 0.944 0.311 0.068 ------Min. Discharge ------0.00 0.00 0.019 0.009 0.003 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1960-1982 Maximum Daily Discharge: 32.0 m3/s on April 10, 1969 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 138 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
5
4.5 Mean Discharge 4 Max. Discharge Min. Discharge 3.5
3
2.5
2 Discharge (m3/s) 1.5
1
0.5
0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-21
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR DEADHORSE CREEK AT MORDEN Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Discharge ------0.169 1.67 0.745 0.169 0.018 0.005 0.005 0.013 ------Max. Discharge --- 0.001 1.66 5.40 1.25 0.949 1.10 1.14 0.373 0.029 ------Min. Discharge --- 0.001 0.00 0.004 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1966-1971, 1978-1994 Maximum Daily Discharge: 41.9 m3/s on April 26, 1970 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.00 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 136 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
6 Mean Discharge 5 Max. Discharge 4 Min. Discharge 3 2 1 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Looking west at the proposed Deadhorse Creek crossing near KP 1197.
A-22
CROMER TO GRETNA
HISTORICAL STREAMFLOW (m3/s) SUMMARY FOR BUFFALO CREEK NEAR ALTONA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean Monthly Discharge ------0.432 3.09 0.212 0.105 0.015 0.026 0.028 0.032 ------Max. Monthly Discharge ------1.61 17.2 1.39 0.505 0.106 0.247 0.232 0.138 ------Min. Monthly Discharge ------0.000 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ------
Years of Streamflow Record: 1977-1987 Maximum Daily Discharge: 127 m3/s on April 20, 1979 Minimum Daily Discharge: 0.0 m3/s on many dates Drainage Area: 453 km2 Source: Environment Canada 1994
20 Mean Monthly Discharge
15 Max. Monthly Discharge Min. Monthly Discharge 10
5 Discharge (m3/s) Discharge 0 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
A-23
TABLE A-3
SURFACE WATER QUALITY FOR SELECTED WATERCOURSES ALONG THE PROPOSED PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO THE US BORDER
Canadian Drinking Water Livestock Drinking Souris River2 Parameter1 Standard Irrigation Water Standard Water Standard (1965-1997) Inorganic (mg/L) -Aluminum 5.0 5.0 0.21 -Cadmium 5 0.01 0.02 0.0002 -Calcium 1000 66.6 -Chloride 250 100-700 46 (diss.); 31.5 (sol.) -Fluoride 1.5 1.0 2.0 0.2 -Iron 0.3 5.0 0.4 -Lead 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.00486 -Manganese 0.05 0.2 0.348 -Mercury (ug/L) 1 0.02 -Nickel 10.0 0.02 1.0 0.00585 -Nitrate +Nitrite 10 100 0.17 (diss.) ; 0.26 (sol.) -pH (pH units) 6.5-8.5 8.22 -Sulphate 500 1000 272 (diss.); 208.97 (sol.) -Zinc 5.0 50.0 0.014 Physical -Colour (TCU) 15 29.09 -Turbidity (NTU) 5 14.2 Microbiological (#/100mL) -Fecal coliforms 0 100 663.04 -Total coliforms 10 1000 2364.9
Sources: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992 Manitoba Environment 1997
Notes: 1 Parameters included here are limited to those available and those with corresponding Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 1992). Abbreviated words describe different methods used to find values. diss.= dissolved sol. = soluble 2 Location of sampling sites on the Souris River are two sites at Wawanesa, less than 5 km from the proposed pipeline crossing and one site near Treesbank, approximately 10-15 km from the proposed pipeline crossing.
A-24
APPENDIX B
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL ENBRIDGE PIPELINE REGION
APPENDIX B-1
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY 1
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Artemisia tilesii Herriot's sagewort Open woods and river flats. S2 G5 Asclepias ovalifolia low milkweed Open woods and slopes. S3W G5? Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster Saline soils, saline shores and S1 G4 depressions. Aster umbellatus flat-topped white Moist woods, thickets and S2 G5 aster meadows. Astragalus lotiflorus low milk vetch Dry slopes and prairie. S2 G5 Bolboschoenus river bulrush Margins of ponds and lakes. S1 G5 fluviatilis Botrychium campestre field grape fern Moist valley meadows. S1 G3 Botrychium leather grape fern Moist sandy areas. S2 G5T4? multifidum var. intermedium Botrychium simplex dwarf grape fern Moist meadows and shores. S1S2 G5 Botrychium Meadows and open forests. S1S2 G3G4 spathulatum Bromus latiglumis Canada brome Moist banks. S1 G5 Camassia quamash blue camas Moist areas, often where dry by S2 G5T? var. quamash late spring. Carex heleonastes Hudson Bay sedge Often calcareous bogs and S2 G4 marshes. Carex hookerana Hooker's sedge Plains, dry banks and open S2 G4? woods. Carex lacustris lakeshore sedge Marshes and swampy woods. S2 G5 Carex pseudocyperus cyperus-like sedge Swamps and marshes. S2 G5 Carex rostrata beaked sedge Marshy places. S2 G5 Carex tincta tinged sedge Meadows and open woodlands. S1 G4G5 Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Swampy ground. S2 G5 Castilleja lutescens stiff yellow Grassy slopes. S3W G4G5 paintbrush Chenopodium narrow-leaved Open sandy areas. SU G5 leptophyllum goosefoot Chrysosplenium golden saxifrage Stream banks and marshy S3W G3G4 iowense ground. Cuscuta gronovii common dodder Parasitic annual which does not S1 G5 root in the soil. Cynoglossum wild comfrey Woods. S1 G4Q virginianum var. boreale Cyperus schweinitzii sand nut-grass Dry sandy soil and active dunes. S2 G5 Danthonia spicata poverty oat grass Dry to moist open areas and open S2 G5 woodland. Drosera anglica oblong-leaved Swamps and bogs. S2 G5 sundew Dryopteris cristata crested shield fern Moist woods and marshes. S1 G5
B-1
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Ellisia nyctelea waterpod S2 G5 Festuca hallii 3 Hall’s fescue or Dryer portions of the prairies. S3W S3W plains rough fescue Geranium Carolina wild Dry rocky woods, disturbed sites. S1 G5 carolinianum geranium Hedyotis longifolia long-leaved bluets Open sandy woods and montane S2 G4G5 slopes. Heliotropium spatulate-leaved Saline flats. S1 G5 curassavicum heliotrope Hieracium woolly hawkweed Open woods and montane slopes. S2 G5? cynoglossoides Hypericum majus large Canada St. Moist depressions in sand dunes, S2 G5 John's-wort sandy shores. Juncus confusus few-flowered rush Low grassland, thickets, open S2 G5 woods. Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Moist open woods. S2S3W G5 Lomatogonium marsh felwort Wet meadows and saline flats. S2 G5 rotatum Lycopus americanus American water- Marshy ground. S2 G5 horehound Lysimachia lanceolata lance-leaved Edges of ponds in thickets. S2 G5 loosestrife Malaxis monophylla white adder's- Damp woods, banks and bogs. S2 G5 mouth Mertensia lanceolata lance-leaved Prairie slopes and hillsides. S2 G5 lungwort Mimulus glabratus smooth Springs and wet places. S1 G5 monkeyflower Muhlenbergia marsh muhly Sandhills and dry slopes. S1 G5 racemosa Munroa squarrosa false buffalo grass Dry plains, slopes and disturbed S1 G5 areas. Najas flexilis slender naiad Ponds and streams. S1S2 G5 Orobanche ludoviciana Louisiana broom- Prairies. S2 G5 rape Oryzopsis canadensis Canadian rice grass Open woods and hillsides. S1 G5 Osmorhiza longistylis smooth sweet cicely Moist woods. S2 G5 Panicum leibergii Leiberg's millet Dry prairie and clearings. S1 G5 Panicum wilcoxianum sand millet Dry open areas; sand hill prairie, S1 G5T5 clearings, parklands. Physostegia false dragonhead Moist woods and streambanks. S2 G3? ledinghamii Polanisia dodecandra clammyweed Sandy or gravelly soils. S1S2 G5 Potamogeton white-stem Deep water. S2 G5 praelongus pondweed Potamogeton linear-leaved S2 G5 strictifolius pondweed Potentilla finitima sandhills cinquefoil Sandy prairie, hills, dunes. S1 G? Potentilla plattensis low cinquefoil Prairie grassland, dry flats. S1? G4 Puccinellia cusickii Cusick's salt- Moist, generally alkaline areas. SU G3G4Q meadow grass Ruppia maritima widgeon-grass Brackish and saline sloughs or S1 G5 alkaline lakes.
B-2
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Schizachyrium little bluestem Prairie grassland. S3W G5T? scoparium var. scoparium Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush Marshy areas. S1 G5 Shinnersoseris rostrata annual Sandy banks and dunes. S2 G5? skeletonweed Townsendia exscapa low townsendia Dry hillsides and prairies. S1S2 G5 Trisetum wolfii awnless trisetum Moist woodland. S1 G4 Viola pedatifida crowfoot violet Dry grassland. S2 G5
Notes:
1. Sources Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre 1999a Argus and Pryer 1990 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Gould 1999 Wallis et al. 1987
2. Global (G) and provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
_? = rank questionable E = exotic species established, may be native to nearby regions G? or S? = not yet ranked H = historically known; may be relocated in the future HYB = hybrid taxon that is recurrent in the landscape P = potentially exists; may have occurred historically Q = taxonomic questions or problems R = reported but lacking sufficient documentation to accept or reject S_W = watch species; species that have restricted distributions in Alberta but are common within their range T_ = rank for subspecific taxa U = status uncertain often because of low search effort or cryptic nature of the element; possibly in peril, unrankable, more information needed
3. Rated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). Halimolobos virgata is rated Endangered (a species threatened with imminent extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its Canadian range). Tripterocalyx micranthus and Iris missouriensis are rated Threatened (a species likely to become endangered in Canada if factors affecting its vulnerability are not reversed). Chenopodium subglabrum and Yucca glauca are rated Vulnerable (a species particularly at risk because of low or declining numbers, small range, or for some other reason, but not a Threatened species). Acer negundo and Festuca hallii: Status is S3W for populations only.
B-3
APPENDIX B-2
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO THE SASKATCHEWAN BORDER 1
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Artemisia tilesii Herriot's sagewort Open woods and river flats. S2 G5 Asclepias ovalifolia low milkweed Open woods and slopes. S3W G5? Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster Saline soils, saline shores and S1 G4 depressions. Aster umbellatus flat-topped white Moist woods, thickets and S2 G5 aster meadows. Astragalus lotiflorus low milk vetch Dry slopes and prairie. S2 G5 Bolboschoenus river bulrush Margins of ponds and lakes. S1 G5 fluviatilis Botrychium campestre field grape fern Moist valley meadows. S1 G3 Botrychium leather grape fern Moist sandy areas. S2 G5T4? multifidum var. intermedium Botrychium simplex dwarf grape fern Moist meadows and shores. S1S2 G5 Botrychium Meadows and open forests. S1S2 G3G4 spathulatum Bromus latiglumis Canada brome Moist banks. S1 G5 Camassia quamash blue camas Moist areas, often where dry by S2 G5T? var. quamash late spring. Carex heleonastes Hudson Bay sedge Often calcareous bogs and S2 G4 marshes. Carex hookerana Hooker's sedge Plains, dry banks and open S2 G4? woods. Carex lacustris lakeshore sedge Marshes and swampy woods. S2 G5 Carex pseudocyperus cyperus-like sedge Swamps and marshes. S2 G5 Carex rostrata beaked sedge Marshy places. S2 G5 Carex tincta tinged sedge Meadows and open woodlands. S1 G4G5 Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Swampy ground. S2 G5 Castilleja lutescens stiff yellow Grassy slopes. S3W G4G5 paintbrush Chenopodium narrow-leaved Open sandy areas. SU G5 leptophyllum goosefoot Chrysosplenium golden saxifrage Stream banks and marshy S3W G3G4 iowense ground. Cuscuta gronovii common dodder Parasitic annual which does not S1 G5 root in the soil. Cynoglossum wild comfrey Woods. S1 G4Q virginianum var. boreale Cyperus schweinitzii sand nut-grass Dry sandy soil and active dunes. S2 G5 Danthonia spicata poverty oat grass Dry to moist open areas and open S2 G5 woodland. Drosera anglica oblong-leaved Swamps and bogs. S2 G5 sundew Dryopteris cristata crested shield fern Moist woods and marshes. S1 G5
B-4
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Ellisia nyctelea waterpod S2 G5 Festuca hallii 3 Hall’s fescue or Dryer portions of the prairies. S3W S3W plains rough fescue Geranium Carolina wild Dry rocky woods, disturbed sites. S1 G5 carolinianum geranium Hedyotis longifolia long-leaved bluets Open sandy woods and montane S2 G4G5 slopes. Heliotropium spatulate-leaved Saline flats. S1 G5 curassavicum heliotrope Hieracium woolly hawkweed Open woods and montane slopes. S2 G5? cynoglossoides Hypericum majus large Canada St. Moist depressions in sand dunes, S2 G5 John's-wort sandy shores. Juncus confusus few-flowered rush Low grassland, thickets, open S2 G5 woods. Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Moist open woods. S2S3W G5 Lomatogonium marsh felwort Wet meadows and saline flats. S2 G5 rotatum Lycopus americanus American water- Marshy ground. S2 G5 horehound Lysimachia lanceolata lance-leaved Edges of ponds in thickets. S2 G5 loosestrife Malaxis monophylla white adder's- Damp woods, banks and bogs. S2 G5 mouth Mertensia lanceolata lance-leaved Prairie slopes and hillsides. S2 G5 lungwort Mimulus glabratus smooth Springs and wet places. S1 G5 monkeyflower Muhlenbergia marsh muhly Sandhills and dry slopes. S1 G5 racemosa Munroa squarrosa false buffalo grass Dry plains, slopes and disturbed S1 G5 areas. Najas flexilis slender naiad Ponds and streams. S1S2 G5 Orobanche ludoviciana Louisiana broom- Prairies. S2 G5 rape Oryzopsis canadensis Canadian rice grass Open woods and hillsides. S1 G5 Osmorhiza longistylis smooth sweet cicely Moist woods. S2 G5 Panicum leibergii Leiberg's millet Dry prairie and clearings. S1 G5 Panicum wilcoxianum sand millet Dry open areas; sand hill prairie, S1 G5T5 clearings, parklands. Physostegia false dragonhead Moist woods and streambanks. S2 G3? ledinghamii Polanisia dodecandra clammyweed Sandy or gravelly soils. S1S2 G5 Potamogeton white-stem Deep water. S2 G5 praelongus pondweed Potamogeton linear-leaved S2 G5 strictifolius pondweed Potentilla finitima sandhills cinquefoil Sandy prairie, hills, dunes. S1 G? Potentilla plattensis low cinquefoil Prairie grassland, dry flats. S1? G4 Puccinellia cusickii Cusick's salt- Moist, generally alkaline areas. SU G3G4Q meadow grass Ruppia maritima widgeon-grass Brackish and saline sloughs or S1 G5 alkaline lakes.
B-5
Provincial Global Latin Name Common Name Habitat Rank 2 Rank 2 Schizachyrium little bluestem Prairie grassland. S3W G5T? scoparium var. scoparium Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush Marshy areas. S1 G5 Shinnersoseris rostrata annual Sandy banks and dunes. S2 G5? skeletonweed Townsendia exscapa low townsendia Dry hillsides and prairies. S1S2 G5 Trisetum wolfii awnless trisetum Moist woodland. S1 G4 Viola pedatifida crowfoot violet Dry grassland. S2 G5
Notes:
1. Sources Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre 1999a Argus and Pryer 1990 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Gould 1999 Wallis et al. 1987
2. Global (G) and provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
_? = rank questionable E = exotic species established, may be native to nearby regions G? or S? = not yet ranked H = historically known; may be relocated in the future HYB = hybrid taxon that is recurrent in the landscape P = potentially exists; may have occurred historically Q = taxonomic questions or problems R = reported but lacking sufficient documentation to accept or reject S_W = watch species; species that have restricted distributions in Alberta but are common within their range T_ = rank for subspecific taxa U = status uncertain often because of low search effort or cryptic nature of the element; possibly in peril, unrankable, more information needed
3. Rated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). Halimolobos virgata is rated Endangered (a species threatened with imminent extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its Canadian range). Tripterocalyx micranthus and Iris missouriensis are rated Threatened (a species likely to become endangered in Canada if factors affecting its vulnerability are not reversed). Chenopodium subglabrum and Yucca glauca are rated Vulnerable (a species particularly at risk because of low or declining numbers, small range, or for some other reason, but not a Threatened species). Acer negundo and Festuca hallii: Status is S3W for populations only.
B-6
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM THE ALBERTA BORDER TO KERROBERT 1
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Alisma gramineum narrow-leaved water Marshes, ponds and streams. G5 S3 --- plantain Allium geyeri Geyer onion Wet meadows and G4G5 S1 --- streambanks. Alopecurus Carolina foxtail or Moist fields and roadsides. G5 S1 --- carolinianus water-foxtail Ambrosia bur ragweed Open places, especially sandy G5 S2 --- acanthicarpa riverbanks. Anaphalis pearly everlasting Open woodlands. G5 S2 --- margaritacea Andropogon gerardii big bluestem or Prairies. G5 S3S4 --- turkeyfoot Antennaria low pussytoes Dry prairie, often on sandy G5 S2 --- dimorpha loam. Antennaria tomentose or northern Dry open woods, shrubs and G4G5 S2 --- neodioica pussytoes moist grassland. Antennaria brown-bracted Dry hillsides and gravelly G5 S2S3 --- umbrinella pussytoes slopes. Arenaria congesta rocky ground sandwort Rocky benchlands and slopes. G5T? S3 --- var. lithophila Aristida longiseta long-awned three-awn Dry grassland slopes. G5?Q S? --- grass Aristida purpurea red three-awn grass Dry sandy prairie. G5 S1 --- Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnica Woodlands and parklands. G5 S3 --- Asclepias syriaca silky milkweed Moist sandy soil and G5 S1 --- riverbanks. Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed Dry soil. G5 S1 --- Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster Saline soils, saline shores and G4 S3 --- depressions. Astragalus Indian milk-vetch Gravel banks along rivers and G5 S2 --- aboriginum on slopes. Astragalus gracilis slender milk-vetch Sandy prairie. G5 S1 --- Astragalus prickly milk-vetch Sandy prairie and eroded G5 S1 --- kentrophyta slopes. Astragalus lotiflorus low or lotus milk-vetch Sandy eroded grasslands G5 S3 --- Astragalus purshii Pursh's milk-vetch Dry grassland and eroded G5 S2 --- slopes, appears to favour sandy soils. Astragalus racemose milk-vetch Dry prairie slopes and G5 S2 --- racemosus hillsides. Astragalus tufted or draba milk- Eroded hillsides and slopes. G5 S2S3 --- spatulatus vetch Astragalus bent- or few-flowered Eroded slopes and hills. G4 S2 --- vexilliflexus milk-vetch Atriplex powellii Powell's saltbush or Alkaline flats and badlands. G4G5 S1 --- silverscale Atriplex truncata wedge-scale saltbush Alkaline flats and disturbed G5 S1 --- ground. Atriplex x aptera four-wing saltbush or Saline flats. HYB S1 --- shadscale Bidens frondosa tall beggar's-ticks Moist ground, ditches. G5 S2S3 --- Boisduvalia glabella smooth spike-primrose Prairie mudflats; especially G5 S2 --- alkaline areas.
B-7
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Moist, low places. G5 S? --- Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Wet sloughs and ditches. G5T? S2 --- var. recognita Botrychium prairie dunewort or Above prairie sloughs and G3 S1 --- campestre plain's grape-fern stabilized sand dune meadows. Botrychium lunaria common moonwort or In grasslands and open areas. G5 S1 --- moon-fern Botrychium chamomile grape-fern Open woods, dry bogs and G5 SU --- matricariifolium grassland depressions. Botrychium Mingan moonwort or Grassland and open areas. G4 S1 --- minganense grape-fern Botrychium leathery or broadleaf In moist meadows, margins of G5 S3 --- multifidum grape-fern woods. Botrychium peculiar or paradox Moist grassland, wooded G2 SR --- paradoxum moonwort shores. Botrychium simplex least grape-fern or Parklands and boreal forest. G5T4?Q S1? --- var. tenebrosum moonwort Bouteloua tall or side-oats grama Prairie grassland. G5 S3 --- curtipendula Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass Prairies. G4G5 S1 Vulnerable (1998) Camissonia andina upland evening- Dry prairie slopes. G4 S1 --- primrose or andean sundrops Camissonia short-flower suncup or Clay flats. G5 S1 --- breviflora taraxia Cardamine cuckooflower; meadow Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2 --- pratensis or cuckoo bittercress Carex alopecoidea foxtail sedge Wet meadows and slough G5 S2 --- margins. Carex assiniboia sedge Moist open woods. G4G5 S2 --- assiniboinensis Carex buxbaumii brown sedge Swamps, wet meadows and G5 S2 --- riverbanks. Carex crawei Crawe's sedge Wet meadows, lakeshores and G5 S1 --- moist woods. Carex eburnea bristle-leaved sedge Open woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Carex echinata ssp. prickly sedge Peaty soils. G5T5 S1 --- echinata Carex garberi Garber's sedge Wet meadows and springy G4 S2 --- places. Carex gravida heavy-fruited sedge Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Carex hystericina porcupine sedge Swamps and wet meadows. G5 S2 --- Carex pachystachya thick-spike sedge Moist areas. G5 S3 --- Carex petasata caespitose or tufted Meadows, open woods and G5 S2 --- sedge clearings. Carex tetanica rigid sedge Dry grasslands. G4G5 S1 --- Carex trisperma three-fruited sedge Bogs and wet woods; muskeg. G5 S2 --- Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Swampy ground. G5 S2 --- Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet Woods, especially in sandy G5 S1 --- areas, river valleys and ravines. Centunculus chaffweed Wet places and lakeshores. G5 S2 --- minimus Chamaesyce serpens round-leaved spurge Barren hilltop. G5 S1 --- Chenopodium dark-green goosefoot Open disturbed areas. G5 SU --- atrovirens Chenopodium dry goosefoot Undisturbed saline soils. G5 S2 --- desiccatum
B-8
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Chenopodium hians gaping goosefoot Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Chenopodium hoary goosefoot Sandy ground, dry plains and G5 S1? --- incanum hillsides. Chenopodium smooth arid goosefoot Sand dunes. G3G4 S2 Vulnerable subglabrum (1992) Chenopodium Dakota stinking Open areas and badlands. G5 S2 --- watsonii goosefoot Cirsium short-stemmed thistle Open deciduous woods, G5 S3 --- drummondii clearings and meadows. Clematis western purple Open woods. G5TU S2 --- occidentalis var. virgin's-bower or grosseserrata clematis Coeloglossum viride long-bracted green bog Moist meadows and woods. G5T5 S3S4 --- var. virescens orchid or frog-orchis Collinsia parviflora blue-eyed mary or Moist open wood. G5 S2 --- blue-lips Corallorrhiza striata striped coral-root Shady woodlands. G5 S2S3 --- Corispermum neat bug-seed Sandy banks and dunes. G5 S2? --- nitidum Corispermum wingless bug-seed Sandy soils and sandhills. G? S2 --- orientale Crataegus douglasii black-fruited Open woods and rocky banks. G5 S2 --- hawthorn Crataegus long-spined hawthorn Coulees, streambanks and G5 S1 --- succulenta open woods. Crepis atribarba dark hawk's-beard Dry grassy slopes. G5 S1 --- Crepis occidentalis western hawk's-beard Dry eroding slopes and G5 S2 --- sheltered grassy coulee slopes. Cryptantha clustered oreocarya or Dry open places in valleys, G5 S1 --- celosioides cryptanthe plains and foothills. Cryptantha Kelsey's cryptanthe Dry open plains, often in G4 S2 --- kelseyana sandy soils. Cryptantha minima small cryptanthe Dry eroded slopes. G5 S1 Endangered (1998) Cuscuta coryli hazel dodder Sandy pond shores, bottoms G5 S1? --- and low or dry grounds. Cycloloma tumble ringwing Sandy soils. G5 S1 --- atriplicifolium Cyperus aristatus awned umbrella-sedge Wet places, valleys and G5 S1 --- lowlands. Cyperus schweinitzii Schweinitz's flatsedge Dry sandy soil and active G5 S2 --- dunes. Cyperus strigosus straw-colored Moist meadows and swamps. G5 SH --- umbrella-sedge Cypripedium large yellow lady's- Moist woods. G5 S2 --- pubescens slipper Dalea villosa hairy prairie-clover Stabilized to semi-active sand- G5 S1 --- dune blowouts. Danthonia California oatgrass Dry to moist open areas and G5T?Q S2 --- californica var. open woodland. americana Danthonia few-flowered or one- Open ground. G5 S2 --- unispicata spiked oat-grass Delphinium bicolor low or little larkspur Grassland and open woods. G4G5 S2S3 --- Dichanthelium hairy or woolly panic- Grassland and dry open areas. G5 S2 --- acuminatum grass Dichanthelium sand-millet or witch Sandhill prairie and clearings. G5 S1 --- wilcoxianum grass Dodecatheon cylindric-fruited Grassland plains. G5 S2S3 --- conjugens shooting-star
B-9
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Echinacea narrow-leaved purple Dry benchlands. G4Q S3 --- angustifolia coneflower Elatine triandra mud purslane Muddy shores and shallow G5 S2 --- waters. Eleocharis flat-stemmed spike- Sandy shores and marshy G4 S? --- compressa rush ground. Eleocharis elliptica slender spike-rush Wet areas, sand dunes, shores G5 S? --- and marshes. Eleocharis elliptica flat-stemmed spike- Marshy areas and sandy G5T4?Q S2 --- var. elliptica rush shores. Eleocharis Engelmann's spike- Wet places. G4? S2 --- engelmannii rush Eleocharis parvula dwarf spike-rush Wet places. G5T?Q S1 --- var. anachaeta Elodea canadensis Canada waterweed Still or slow-moving water. G5 S2 --- Elodea long-sheathed water- Ponds and lakes. G4G5 S2 --- longivaginata weed Elymus elymoides bottle-bush Prairies. G5 S2 --- Elymus glaucus smooth or blue wild- Moist to dry open woods and G5 S2 --- rye hillsides. Elymus interruptus various-glumed / Woods and openings. G5 S2 --- interrupted wild rye Elymus lanceolatus sand-dune wheatgrass Dunes and dry open soil. G5T3? S2 --- ssp. psammophilus = Agropyron psammophilum Eragrostis creeping love grass Sandy shores. G5 S1S2 --- hypnoides Erigeron compositus compound or fern-leaf Dry open areas. G5 S? --- fleabane Erigeron compositus compound or fern-leaf Dry open areas. G5T? S2S3 --- var. glabratus fleabane Erigeron radicatus dwarf fleabane Open slopes. G3 S2 --- Erigeron strigosus white-top Dry open areas. G5 S2S3 --- Eriogonum cernuum nodding umbrella- Badlands and valley slopes, G5 S1 --- plant sandy soil. Eriogonum few-flowered or Badlands and rocky ridges. G5 S2S3 --- pauciflorum branched umbrella- plant Gentiana aquatica moss gentian Sloughs and marshy places. G4 S2 --- Gentiana downy or prairie Grassland and southeastern G4G5 S1 --- puberulenta gentian parklands. Gentianopsis narrow-leaved fringed Moist meadows, grassy shores G5T?Q S2 --- procera ssp. procera gentian and bog margins. Geranium Carolina wild Clearings and disturbed G5T4? S2S3 --- carolinianum var. geranium ground. sphaerospermum Geranium wild white geranium Moist thickets and open G4G5 S2S3 --- richardsonii woods. Geranium sticky purple Moist grassland slopes and G5 S2 --- viscosissimum geranium coulees. Halimolobos slender mouse-ear Dry benches and eroded G4 S1 Endangered virgata5 cress hillsides. (1992) Hedeoma hispida rough pennyroyal Dry open sites, often on sandy G5 S2S3 --- soils. Helianthus Jerusalem artichoke Moist soils and river flats. G5T? S2 --- tuberosus var. subcanescens Hordeum meadow wild barley Wetlands, brackish marshes G5 S1 --- brachyantherum and roadsides.
B-10
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Hutchinsia prostrate alpen-cress Wet, often saline areas. G5 S2 --- procumbens Hymenopappus tufted or fine-leaf Dry, gravelly or sandy sites; G5T4T5 S3 --- filifolius var. hymenopappus coulees or badlands. polycephalus Impatiens noli- western or yellow Wet places. G? S3S4 --- tangere touch-me-not Juncus confusus few-flowered rush Moist grassland, open woods G5 S2 --- and meadows. Juncus interior inland rush Prairies, open ground. G4G5 S2 --- Juncus nevadensis Nevada rush Wet areas. G5 S2 --- Juncus tracyi mud rush Wet areas. G5 S1 --- Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Swampy or moist soils. G5 S2 --- Lactuca canadensis Canada lettuce Thickets and clearings. G5 SR --- Lactuca ludoviciana western lettuce Riverbanks. G4G5 S1 --- Laportea canadensis Canada wood nettle Woodlands, southeastern G5 S2 --- parklands and Boreal forest. Lesquerella alpina alpine bladderpod Dry plains. G4 S2S3 --- Leymus cinereus giant wild-rye Sandy meadows, streambanks G5 S1S2 --- and rocky hillsides. Lilium immaculate lily Moist meadows. G5TUQ S1 --- philadelphicum var. andinum forma immaculata Linanthus northern desert-gold Sandy roadsides, dry hillsides G5 S1S2 --- septentrionalis or northern linanthus and plains. Liparis loeselii bog or yellow Bogs and moist woods. G5 S1S2 --- twayblade Lomatium fennel-leaved parsnip Heavier soils across the G5 S? --- foeniculaceum prairies. Lomatium orientale white-flowered Dry hillsides. G5 S1 --- meadow-parsley Lomatogonium marsh felwort Wet meadows and saline flats. G5 S2 --- rotatum Lotus purshianus birdsfoot trefoil Dry grasslands, margins and G4G5 S? --- seepages. Lotus unifoliolatus prairie bird's-foot Sandy to rocky soil in open to G5 S2 --- trefoil wooded areas. Lupinus argenteus silvery or perennial Prairie slopes and ridges. G5? S3 --- lupine Lupinus pusillus small lupine Sandhills, sandy shores and G4 S3 --- dry eroded slopes. Marsilea vestita pepperwort Ditches, ponds and lakes. G5 S2S3 --- Mentzelia albicaulis white-stemmed Dry, moistly sandy soil from G5 S1 --- evening-star desert valleys to foothills. Mertensia lanceolata lance-leaved lungwort Open prairie and hillsides. G5 S3 --- or mertensia Mimulus guttatus large yellow In running streams. G5 S2 --- monkeyflower Mimulus ringens blue monkeyflower Swamps, streambanks and G5 S1 --- lake shores. Mirabilis linearis narrow-leaved Dry plains. G5 S2 --- umbrella-wort Monroa squarrosa false buffalo grass Dry plains, slopes and G5 S1 --- disturbed areas. Myosurus aristatus awned or mountain Prairie mudflats and moist G5 S2 --- mousetail depressions. Myosurus minimus least mousetail Muddy slough margins and G5 S2S3 --- marsh areas.
B-11
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Myriophyllum green or pinnate Ponds and streams. G5 S1 --- pinnatum water-milfoil Myriophyllum whorled water milfoil Ponds and quiet streams. G5T? S3 --- verticillatum var. pectinatum Najas flexilis flexible naiad Shallow lakes. G5 S2 --- Navarretia lesser navarretia Moist areas on plains. G4T? S2S3 --- leucocephala ssp. minima Nothocalais prairie false-dandelion Clay flats, moist sandy G5 S2 --- cuspidata or cuspidate small grasslands and coulee slopes. lettuce Oenothera cespitosa tufted evening- Clay flats and roadsides. G5 S3 --- primrose or gumbo-lily Oenothera flava low yellow evening- Slough margins and clay flats. G5 S2 --- primrose Onosmodium molle western false gromwell Margin of woods and G4G5T4? S2 --- var. occidentale shrubbery. Orobanche uniflora small broomrape or Moist woods. G5 S1 --- one-flowered cancer root Osmorhiza blunt-fruited sweet- Moist woods. G5 S3S4 --- depauperata cicely Oxytropis lambertii stemless point-vetch Grasslands. G5 S2 --- Oxytropis nana var. Bessey's locoweed Dry, eroded, short grassland G5T5 S2 --- besseyi and semi-barren slopes. Panicum virgatum switch grass Prairies and open woods. G5 S2 --- Parnassia glauca glaucous grass-of- Cold bogs. G5 S2 --- parnassus Parnassia parviflora small-flowered grass- Wet areas. G4 S1 --- of-parnassus Pellaea glabella ssp. western smooth cliff- Rock cliffs, usually limestone. G5T? S2 --- occidentalis brake Penstemon confertus yellow beardtongue Hillsides and dry areas. G4 S1 --- Perideridia northern Gairdner's Meadows, woodlands and G5T? S2 --- gairdneri ssp. squawroot or yampah ravines. borealis Phlox alyssifolia blue wild or pointed Dry benchlands and gravelly G5 S2 --- blue phlox slopes. Picradeniopsis opposite-leaf false- Saline flats and dry plains. G5? S1 --- oppositifolia bahia Pinguicula vulgaris common butterwort or Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2S3 --- bog-violet Plantago elongata narrow-leaved Moist to dry alkaline prairie. G4 S2S3 --- plantain Plantago patagonica spinulose-bracted Dry plains and eroding slopes, G5T? S2 --- var. spinulosa plantain often in sandy areas. Plantago spinulosa spiny plantain Sandy soils, on river flats. G5Q S? --- Platanthera dilatata fragrant white bog- or Bogs. G5 S2 --- rein-orchid Platanthera large roundleaf orchid Woods. G5? S2S3 --- orbiculata Polanisia clammyweed Gravelly or sandy soils. G5T? S1 --- dodecandra ssp. dodecandra Polanisia large clammyweed Rocky banks, hillsides and G5T? S2 --- dodecandra ssp. light soils. trachysperma Polygala alba white milkwort Dry ground. G5 S2 ---
B-12
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort Moist grasslands. G5T? S1 --- var. isocycla Polygonatum great or common Rich moist riparian woods. G5 S? --- biflorum Solomon's-seal Polygonatum great or common Open woodlands. G5T4? S2 --- biflorum var. Solomon's seal commutatum Polygonum dense-flower knotweed Dry disturbed areas. G4 S2 --- confertiflorum Polygonum dense-flowered or Meadows and vernal pools to G4G5T3T4 S2 --- polygaloides ssp. Watson's knotweed dry open ground. confertiflorum Polygonum scandens climbing false- Shores, clearings and margins G5 S1S2 --- buckwheat of woods. Populus angustifolia narrowleaf cottonwood River valleys. G5 S1 --- Populus x hybrid cottonwood River valleys. HYB S1 --- brayshawii Potamogeton blunt-leaved pondweed Shallow water. G5 S2 --- obtusifolius Potamogeton Berchtold's pondweed Shallow ponds and streams. G5T5 S2 --- pusillus var. tenuissimus Potamogeton upright narrow-leaved Calcareous shallow water. G5 S2 --- strictifolius pondweed Potentilla mountain meadow Moist montane meadows to G5 S1 --- diversifolia cinquefoil alpine slopes. Potentilla nivea var. five-foliolate cinquefoil Alpine slopes. G5T4 S2 --- pentaphylla Potentilla paradoxa bushy or strange Moist flats and shores. G5 S2S3 --- cinquefoil Potentilla smooth or shore Dry prairie and open slopes. G5T? S2S3 --- pensylvanica var. cinquefoil litoralis Prunella vulgaris lance-leaved heal-all Woodlands and moist places. G5 S1 --- var. elongata Prunus americana American plum Moist woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Psilocarphus elatior tall woolly-heads Dry slough bottoms. G4Q S1 --- Puccinellia Lemmon's alkali-grass Alkaline areas. G4 S1? --- lemmonii Ranunculus heart-leaved buttercup Moist meadows and open G4G5 S1S2 --- cardiophyllus woods. Ranunculus graceful buttercup Moist banks. G5 S1 --- inamoenus Ranunculus northern buttercup Moist meadows to alpine G5T5 S2? --- pedatifidus var. elevations. affinis Rhinanthus minor yellow-rattle Meadow and open woodland. G4 S2S3 --- Rhynchospora hair-like beaked-rush Bogs, swamps and wet sands. G5 S2 --- capillacea Ribes aureum golden currant Riverbanks and rocky slopes. G5 S2 --- Ribes setosum bristly gooseberry Moist woods. G5T4? S2 --- Rorippa curvipes curved yellow-cress Moist ground. G5 S1 --- Rorippa tenerrima slender yellow-cress Moist, usually sandy soil. G5 S1 --- Rorippa truncata blunt-leaved yellow- Moist to drying sloughs and G5 S2S3 --- cress field depressions. Rosa blanda smooth wild rose Eastern parkland. G5 S1S2 --- Rosa x dulcissima hybrid rose Prairies and parkland. HYB S1 --- Ruppia maritima beaked ditch-grass or Brackish and saline sloughs or G5 S2 --- widgeon-grass alkaline lakes. Sagina decumbens trailing pearlwort Dry to moist open sandy areas. G5 SH ---
B-13
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Sambucus racemosa red elderberry Moist woods. G5T4T5 S3 --- ssp. pubens Schedonnardus tumble grass Plains and waste ground. G5 S2S3 --- paniculatus Scirpus atrovirens pale-green bulrush Bogs and marshes. G5? S2 --- Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush Bogs and marshes. G5 S2 --- Scirpus rollandii dwarf bulrush Saline marshes or bogs. G3Q S1 --- Scirpus rufus var. red club-rush or Saline or brackish marshes. G5T? S2 --- neogaeus bulrush Scrophularia lance-leaf or hare Waste ground. G5 SU --- lanceolata figwort Scutellaria blue skullcap Swamps and wet areas. G5 S3 --- lateriflora Sedum lanceolatum common stonecrop Dry slopes and ridges. G5 S3 --- Senecio integerrimus Scribner's entire-leaf Dry to moist plains and open G5T? S1 --- var. scribneri ragwort woods. Senecio plattensis prairie ragwort or Saline meadows. G5 S3S4 --- groundsel Shinnersoseris beaked annual Semi-active to stabilized sand G5? S2 --- rostrata skeleton-weed dunes. Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly Dry open areas. G5 S1S2 --- Silene menziesii Menzies' catchfly Woodlands and clearings. G5 S3 --- Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass Grasslands. G5 S1 --- Sporobolus northern or prairie Moist grassland. G5 S3 --- heterolepis dropseed Sporobolus neglectus small, annual or Dry open ground. G5 S1 --- puffsheath dropseed Stellaria longipes hairy long-stalked Dry to moist open areas. G5T? S2 --- var. subvestita stitchwort Stephanomeria runcinate-leaved Dry, open sites and eroded G5 S1S2 --- runcinata skeleton-weed slopes. Stipa richardsonii Richardson's Moist grasslands. G5 S2 --- speargrass Suaeda moquinii seepweed Moist saline or alkaline soils. G5 S1 --- Taraxacum horned dandelion Moist areas, especially G5T5 S2 --- officinale ssp. meadows. ceratophorum Tetraneuris acaulis stemless tetraneuris Eroded hillsides. G5 S1 --- or rubberweed Teucrium canadense hairy germander Moist low ground. G5T4 S2 --- var. occidentale Thalictrum western meadow-rue Mesic aspen (or pine) woods. G5 S1S2 --- occidentale Tradescantia western spiderwort Dry grassland. G5 S1 Threatened occidentalis (1992) Tripterocalyx small-flowered sand- Loose alluvial sands. G5 S1 Threatened micranthus = verbena or sand-puffs (1992) Abronia micrantha Verbena hastata blue vervain Woodlands and river valleys. G5 S1S2 --- Verbena urticifolia white vervain Thickets, moist fields and G5 S1 --- marshes. Vernonia fasciculata western iron-weed Sloughs and river valleys. G5T? SR --- ssp. corymbosa Viburnum lentago nannyberry Woodlands. G5 S2 --- Viola pedatifida crowfoot, larkspur or Dry grassland. G5 S3 --- purple prairie violet Vulpia octoflora six-weeks fescue Sterile ground or depleted G5 S2 --- rangeland.
B-14
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia Rock crevices. G5T4? S2 --- ssp. oregana Zizia aurea golden alexanders Meadows and woodlands. G5 SR ---
______Notes:
1. Sources:
Argus and Pryer 1990 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Fernald 1993 Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973 Looman and Best 1987 Moss 1983 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999a Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1996 Wallis et al. 1987
2. Global (G) and provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
G? or S? = not rated; not all plants are rated because of insufficient information due to financial and scientific constraints ? = not yet ranked E = exotic species established in the province, may be native to nearby regions H = historical occurrence but without recent verification (e.g., within 20 years) HYB = hybrid of species Q = taxonomic difficulties, more information needed R = reported in province but lacks documentation which would provide a basis for accepting or rejecting the report (e.g., misidentified specimen) T_ = rank for subspecific taxa U = status uncertain in Saskatchewan because of limited information
3. Rated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). Endangered = a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened = a species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Vulnerable = a species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.
B-15
APPENDIX B-3
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA 1
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Alisma gramineum narrow-leaved water Marshes, ponds and streams. G5 S3 --- plantain Allium geyeri Geyer onion Wet meadows and G4G5 S1 --- streambanks. Alopecurus Carolina foxtail or Moist fields and roadsides. G5 S1 --- carolinianus water-foxtail Ambrosia bur ragweed Open places, especially sandy G5 S2 --- acanthicarpa riverbanks. Anaphalis pearly everlasting Open woodlands. G5 S2 --- margaritacea Andropogon gerardii big bluestem or Prairies. G5 S3S4 --- turkeyfoot Antennaria low pussytoes Dry prairie, often on sandy G5 S2 --- dimorpha loam. Antennaria tomentose or northern Dry open woods, shrubs and G4G5 S2 --- neodioica pussytoes moist grassland. Antennaria brown-bracted Dry hillsides and gravelly G5 S2S3 --- umbrinella pussytoes slopes. Arenaria congesta rocky ground sandwort Rocky benchlands and slopes. G5T? S3 --- var. lithophila Aristida longiseta long-awned three-awn Dry grassland slopes. G5?Q S? --- grass Aristida purpurea red three-awn grass Dry sandy prairie. G5 S1 --- Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnica Woodlands and parklands. G5 S3 --- Asclepias syriaca silky milkweed Moist sandy soil and G5 S1 --- riverbanks. Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed Dry soil. G5 S1 --- Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster Saline soils, saline shores and G4 S3 --- depressions. Astragalus Indian milk-vetch Gravel banks along rivers and G5 S2 --- aboriginum on slopes. Astragalus gracilis slender milk-vetch Sandy prairie. G5 S1 --- Astragalus prickly milk-vetch Sandy prairie and eroded G5 S1 --- kentrophyta slopes. Astragalus lotiflorus low or lotus milk-vetch Sandy eroded grasslands G5 S3 --- Astragalus purshii Pursh's milk-vetch Dry grassland and eroded G5 S2 --- slopes, appears to favour sandy soils. Astragalus racemose milk-vetch Dry prairie slopes and G5 S2 --- racemosus hillsides. Astragalus tufted or draba milk- Eroded hillsides and slopes. G5 S2S3 --- spatulatus vetch Astragalus bent- or few-flowered Eroded slopes and hills. G4 S2 --- vexilliflexus milk-vetch Atriplex powellii Powell's saltbush or Alkaline flats and badlands. G4G5 S1 --- silverscale Atriplex truncata wedge-scale saltbush Alkaline flats and disturbed G5 S1 --- ground. Atriplex x aptera four-wing saltbush or Saline flats. HYB S1 --- shadscale Bidens frondosa tall beggar's-ticks Moist ground, ditches. G5 S2S3 ---
B-16
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Boisduvalia glabella smooth spike-primrose Prairie mudflats; especially G5 S2 --- alkaline areas. Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Moist, low places. G5 S? --- Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Wet sloughs and ditches. G5T? S2 --- var. recognita Botrychium prairie dunewort or Above prairie sloughs and G3 S1 --- campestre plain's grape-fern stabilized sand dune meadows. Botrychium lunaria common moonwort or In grasslands and open areas. G5 S1 --- moon-fern Botrychium chamomile grape-fern Open woods, dry bogs and G5 SU --- matricariifolium grassland depressions. Botrychium Mingan moonwort or Grassland and open areas. G4 S1 --- minganense grape-fern Botrychium leathery or broadleaf In moist meadows, margins of G5 S3 --- multifidum grape-fern woods. Botrychium peculiar or paradox Moist grassland, wooded G2 SR --- paradoxum moonwort shores. Botrychium simplex least grape-fern or Parklands and boreal forest. G5T4?Q S1? --- var. tenebrosum moonwort Bouteloua tall or side-oats grama Prairie grassland. G5 S3 --- curtipendula Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass Prairies. G4G5 S1 Vulnerable (1998) Camissonia andina upland evening- Dry prairie slopes. G4 S1 --- primrose or andean sundrops Camissonia short-flower suncup or Clay flats. G5 S1 --- breviflora taraxia Cardamine cuckooflower; meadow Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2 --- pratensis or cuckoo bittercress Carex alopecoidea foxtail sedge Wet meadows and slough G5 S2 --- margins. Carex assiniboia sedge Moist open woods. G4G5 S2 --- assiniboinensis Carex buxbaumii brown sedge Swamps, wet meadows and G5 S2 --- riverbanks. Carex crawei Crawe's sedge Wet meadows, lakeshores and G5 S1 --- moist woods. Carex eburnea bristle-leaved sedge Open woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Carex echinata ssp. prickly sedge Peaty soils. G5T5 S1 --- echinata Carex garberi Garber's sedge Wet meadows and springy G4 S2 --- places. Carex gravida heavy-fruited sedge Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Carex hystericina porcupine sedge Swamps and wet meadows. G5 S2 --- Carex pachystachya thick-spike sedge Moist areas. G5 S3 --- Carex petasata caespitose or tufted Meadows, open woods and G5 S2 --- sedge clearings. Carex tetanica rigid sedge Dry grasslands. G4G5 S1 --- Carex trisperma three-fruited sedge Bogs and wet woods; muskeg. G5 S2 --- Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Swampy ground. G5 S2 --- Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet Woods, especially in sandy G5 S1 --- areas, river valleys and ravines. Centunculus chaffweed Wet places and lakeshores. G5 S2 --- minimus Chamaesyce serpens round-leaved spurge Barren hilltop. G5 S1 --- Chenopodium dark-green goosefoot Open disturbed areas. G5 SU --- atrovirens
B-17
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Chenopodium dry goosefoot Undisturbed saline soils. G5 S2 --- desiccatum Chenopodium hians gaping goosefoot Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Chenopodium hoary goosefoot Sandy ground, dry plains and G5 S1? --- incanum hillsides. Chenopodium smooth arid goosefoot Sand dunes. G3G4 S2 Vulnerable subglabrum (1992) Chenopodium Dakota stinking Open areas and badlands. G5 S2 --- watsonii goosefoot Cirsium short-stemmed thistle Open deciduous woods, G5 S3 --- drummondii clearings and meadows. Clematis western purple Open woods. G5TU S2 --- occidentalis var. virgin's-bower or grosseserrata clematis Coeloglossum viride long-bracted green bog Moist meadows and woods. G5T5 S3S4 --- var. virescens orchid or frog-orchis Collinsia parviflora blue-eyed mary or Moist open wood. G5 S2 --- blue-lips Corallorrhiza striata striped coral-root Shady woodlands. G5 S2S3 --- Corispermum neat bug-seed Sandy banks and dunes. G5 S2? --- nitidum Corispermum wingless bug-seed Sandy soils and sandhills. G? S2 --- orientale Crataegus douglasii black-fruited Open woods and rocky banks. G5 S2 --- hawthorn Crataegus long-spined hawthorn Coulees, streambanks and G5 S1 --- succulenta open woods. Crepis atribarba dark hawk's-beard Dry grassy slopes. G5 S1 --- Crepis occidentalis western hawk's-beard Dry eroding slopes and G5 S2 --- sheltered grassy coulee slopes. Cryptantha clustered oreocarya or Dry open places in valleys, G5 S1 --- celosioides cryptanthe plains and foothills. Cryptantha Kelsey's cryptanthe Dry open plains, often in G4 S2 --- kelseyana sandy soils. Cryptantha minima small cryptanthe Dry eroded slopes. G5 S1 Endangered (1998) Cuscuta coryli hazel dodder Sandy pond shores, bottoms G5 S1? --- and low or dry grounds. Cycloloma tumble ringwing Sandy soils. G5 S1 --- atriplicifolium Cyperus aristatus awned umbrella-sedge Wet places, valleys and G5 S1 --- lowlands. Cyperus schweinitzii Schweinitz's flatsedge Dry sandy soil and active G5 S2 --- dunes. Cyperus strigosus straw-colored Moist meadows and swamps. G5 SH --- umbrella-sedge Cypripedium large yellow lady's- Moist woods. G5 S2 --- pubescens slipper Dalea villosa hairy prairie-clover Stabilized to semi-active sand- G5 S1 --- dune blowouts. Danthonia California oatgrass Dry to moist open areas and G5T?Q S2 --- californica var. open woodland. americana Danthonia few-flowered or one- Open ground. G5 S2 --- unispicata spiked oat-grass Delphinium bicolor low or little larkspur Grassland and open woods. G4G5 S2S3 --- Dichanthelium hairy or woolly panic- Grassland and dry open areas. G5 S2 --- acuminatum grass Dichanthelium sand-millet or witch Sandhill prairie and clearings. G5 S1 --- wilcoxianum grass
B-18
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Dodecatheon cylindric-fruited Grassland plains. G5 S2S3 --- conjugens shooting-star Echinacea narrow-leaved purple Dry benchlands. G4Q S3 --- angustifolia coneflower Elatine triandra mud purslane Muddy shores and shallow G5 S2 --- waters. Eleocharis flat-stemmed spike- Sandy shores and marshy G4 S? --- compressa rush ground. Eleocharis elliptica slender spike-rush Wet areas, sand dunes, shores G5 S? --- and marshes. Eleocharis elliptica flat-stemmed spike- Marshy areas and sandy G5T4?Q S2 --- var. elliptica rush shores. Eleocharis Engelmann's spike- Wet places. G4? S2 --- engelmannii rush Eleocharis parvula dwarf spike-rush Wet places. G5T?Q S1 --- var. anachaeta Elodea canadensis Canada waterweed Still or slow-moving water. G5 S2 --- Elodea long-sheathed water- Ponds and lakes. G4G5 S2 --- longivaginata weed Elymus elymoides bottle-bush Prairies. G5 S2 --- Elymus glaucus smooth or blue wild- Moist to dry open woods and G5 S2 --- rye hillsides. Elymus interruptus various-glumed / Woods and openings. G5 S2 --- interrupted wild rye Elymus lanceolatus sand-dune wheatgrass Dunes and dry open soil. G5T3? S2 --- ssp. psammophilus = Agropyron psammophilum Eragrostis creeping love grass Sandy shores. G5 S1S2 --- hypnoides Erigeron compositus compound or fern-leaf Dry open areas. G5 S? --- fleabane Erigeron compositus compound or fern-leaf Dry open areas. G5T? S2S3 --- var. glabratus fleabane Erigeron radicatus dwarf fleabane Open slopes. G3 S2 --- Erigeron strigosus white-top Dry open areas. G5 S2S3 --- Eriogonum cernuum nodding umbrella- Badlands and valley slopes, G5 S1 --- plant sandy soil. Eriogonum few-flowered or Badlands and rocky ridges. G5 S2S3 --- pauciflorum branched umbrella- plant Gentiana aquatica moss gentian Sloughs and marshy places. G4 S2 --- Gentiana downy or prairie Grassland and southeastern G4G5 S1 --- puberulenta gentian parklands. Gentianopsis narrow-leaved fringed Moist meadows, grassy shores G5T?Q S2 --- procera ssp. procera gentian and bog margins. Geranium Carolina wild Clearings and disturbed G5T4? S2S3 --- carolinianum var. geranium ground. sphaerospermum Geranium wild white geranium Moist thickets and open G4G5 S2S3 --- richardsonii woods. Geranium sticky purple Moist grassland slopes and G5 S2 --- viscosissimum geranium coulees. Halimolobos slender mouse-ear Dry benches and eroded G4 S1 Endangered virgata5 cress hillsides. (1992) Hedeoma hispida rough pennyroyal Dry open sites, often on sandy G5 S2S3 --- soils. Helianthus Jerusalem artichoke Moist soils and river flats. G5T? S2 --- tuberosus var. subcanescens
B-19
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Hordeum meadow wild barley Wetlands, brackish marshes G5 S1 --- brachyantherum and roadsides. Hutchinsia prostrate alpen-cress Wet, often saline areas. G5 S2 --- procumbens Hymenopappus tufted or fine-leaf Dry, gravelly or sandy sites; G5T4T5 S3 --- filifolius var. hymenopappus coulees or badlands. polycephalus Impatiens noli- western or yellow Wet places. G? S3S4 --- tangere touch-me-not Juncus confusus few-flowered rush Moist grassland, open woods G5 S2 --- and meadows. Juncus interior inland rush Prairies, open ground. G4G5 S2 --- Juncus nevadensis Nevada rush Wet areas. G5 S2 --- Juncus tracyi mud rush Wet areas. G5 S1 --- Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Swampy or moist soils. G5 S2 --- Lactuca canadensis Canada lettuce Thickets and clearings. G5 SR --- Lactuca ludoviciana western lettuce Riverbanks. G4G5 S1 --- Laportea canadensis Canada wood nettle Woodlands, southeastern G5 S2 --- parklands and Boreal forest. Lesquerella alpina alpine bladderpod Dry plains. G4 S2S3 --- Leymus cinereus giant wild-rye Sandy meadows, streambanks G5 S1S2 --- and rocky hillsides. Lilium immaculate lily Moist meadows. G5TUQ S1 --- philadelphicum var. andinum forma immaculata Linanthus northern desert-gold Sandy roadsides, dry hillsides G5 S1S2 --- septentrionalis or northern linanthus and plains. Liparis loeselii bog or yellow Bogs and moist woods. G5 S1S2 --- twayblade Lomatium fennel-leaved parsnip Heavier soils across the G5 S? --- foeniculaceum prairies. Lomatium orientale white-flowered Dry hillsides. G5 S1 --- meadow-parsley Lomatogonium marsh felwort Wet meadows and saline flats. G5 S2 --- rotatum Lotus purshianus birdsfoot trefoil Dry grasslands, margins and G4G5 S? --- seepages. Lotus unifoliolatus prairie bird's-foot Sandy to rocky soil in open to G5 S2 --- trefoil wooded areas. Lupinus argenteus silvery or perennial Prairie slopes and ridges. G5? S3 --- lupine Lupinus pusillus small lupine Sandhills, sandy shores and G4 S3 --- dry eroded slopes. Marsilea vestita pepperwort Ditches, ponds and lakes. G5 S2S3 --- Mentzelia albicaulis white-stemmed Dry, moistly sandy soil from G5 S1 --- evening-star desert valleys to foothills. Mertensia lanceolata lance-leaved lungwort Open prairie and hillsides. G5 S3 --- or mertensia Mimulus guttatus large yellow In running streams. G5 S2 --- monkeyflower Mimulus ringens blue monkeyflower Swamps, streambanks and G5 S1 --- lake shores. Mirabilis linearis narrow-leaved Dry plains. G5 S2 --- umbrella-wort Monroa squarrosa false buffalo grass Dry plains, slopes and G5 S1 --- disturbed areas. Myosurus aristatus awned or mountain Prairie mudflats and moist G5 S2 --- mousetail depressions.
B-20
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Myosurus minimus least mousetail Muddy slough margins and G5 S2S3 --- marsh areas. Myriophyllum green or pinnate Ponds and streams. G5 S1 --- pinnatum water-milfoil Myriophyllum whorled water milfoil Ponds and quiet streams. G5T? S3 --- verticillatum var. pectinatum Najas flexilis flexible naiad Shallow lakes. G5 S2 --- Navarretia lesser navarretia Moist areas on plains. G4T? S2S3 --- leucocephala ssp. minima Nothocalais prairie false-dandelion Clay flats, moist sandy G5 S2 --- cuspidata or cuspidate small grasslands and coulee slopes. lettuce Oenothera cespitosa tufted evening- Clay flats and roadsides. G5 S3 --- primrose or gumbo-lily Oenothera flava low yellow evening- Slough margins and clay flats. G5 S2 --- primrose Onosmodium molle western false gromwell Margin of woods and G4G5T4? S2 --- var. occidentale shrubbery. Orobanche uniflora small broomrape or Moist woods. G5 S1 --- one-flowered cancer root Osmorhiza blunt-fruited sweet- Moist woods. G5 S3S4 --- depauperata cicely Oxytropis lambertii stemless point-vetch Grasslands. G5 S2 --- Oxytropis nana var. Bessey's locoweed Dry, eroded, short grassland G5T5 S2 --- besseyi and semi-barren slopes. Panicum virgatum switch grass Prairies and open woods. G5 S2 --- Parnassia glauca glaucous grass-of- Cold bogs. G5 S2 --- parnassus Parnassia parviflora small-flowered grass- Wet areas. G4 S1 --- of-parnassus Pellaea glabella ssp. western smooth cliff- Rock cliffs, usually limestone. G5T? S2 --- occidentalis brake Penstemon confertus yellow beardtongue Hillsides and dry areas. G4 S1 --- Perideridia northern Gairdner's Meadows, woodlands and G5T? S2 --- gairdneri ssp. squawroot or yampah ravines. borealis Phlox alyssifolia blue wild or pointed Dry benchlands and gravelly G5 S2 --- blue phlox slopes. Picradeniopsis opposite-leaf false- Saline flats and dry plains. G5? S1 --- oppositifolia bahia Pinguicula vulgaris common butterwort or Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2S3 --- bog-violet Plantago elongata narrow-leaved Moist to dry alkaline prairie. G4 S2S3 --- plantain Plantago patagonica spinulose-bracted Dry plains and eroding slopes, G5T? S2 --- var. spinulosa plantain often in sandy areas. Plantago spinulosa spiny plantain Sandy soils, on river flats. G5Q S? --- Platanthera dilatata fragrant white bog- or Bogs. G5 S2 --- rein-orchid Platanthera large roundleaf orchid Woods. G5? S2S3 --- orbiculata Polanisia clammyweed Gravelly or sandy soils. G5T? S1 --- dodecandra ssp. dodecandra Polanisia large clammyweed Rocky banks, hillsides and G5T? S2 --- dodecandra ssp. light soils. trachysperma
B-21
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Polygala alba white milkwort Dry ground. G5 S2 --- Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort Moist grasslands. G5T? S1 --- var. isocycla Polygonatum great or common Rich moist riparian woods. G5 S? --- biflorum Solomon's-seal Polygonatum great or common Open woodlands. G5T4? S2 --- biflorum var. Solomon's seal commutatum Polygonum dense-flower knotweed Dry disturbed areas. G4 S2 --- confertiflorum Polygonum dense-flowered or Meadows and vernal pools to G4G5T3T4 S2 --- polygaloides ssp. Watson's knotweed dry open ground. confertiflorum Polygonum scandens climbing false- Shores, clearings and margins G5 S1S2 --- buckwheat of woods. Populus angustifolia narrowleaf cottonwood River valleys. G5 S1 --- Populus x hybrid cottonwood River valleys. HYB S1 --- brayshawii Potamogeton blunt-leaved pondweed Shallow water. G5 S2 --- obtusifolius Potamogeton Berchtold's pondweed Shallow ponds and streams. G5T5 S2 --- pusillus var. tenuissimus Potamogeton upright narrow-leaved Calcareous shallow water. G5 S2 --- strictifolius pondweed Potentilla mountain meadow Moist montane meadows to G5 S1 --- diversifolia cinquefoil alpine slopes. Potentilla nivea var. five-foliolate cinquefoil Alpine slopes. G5T4 S2 --- pentaphylla Potentilla paradoxa bushy or strange Moist flats and shores. G5 S2S3 --- cinquefoil Potentilla smooth or shore Dry prairie and open slopes. G5T? S2S3 --- pensylvanica var. cinquefoil litoralis Prunella vulgaris lance-leaved heal-all Woodlands and moist places. G5 S1 --- var. elongata Prunus americana American plum Moist woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Psilocarphus elatior tall woolly-heads Dry slough bottoms. G4Q S1 --- Puccinellia Lemmon's alkali-grass Alkaline areas. G4 S1? --- lemmonii Ranunculus heart-leaved buttercup Moist meadows and open G4G5 S1S2 --- cardiophyllus woods. Ranunculus graceful buttercup Moist banks. G5 S1 --- inamoenus Ranunculus northern buttercup Moist meadows to alpine G5T5 S2? --- pedatifidus var. elevations. affinis Rhinanthus minor yellow-rattle Meadow and open woodland. G4 S2S3 --- Rhynchospora hair-like beaked-rush Bogs, swamps and wet sands. G5 S2 --- capillacea Ribes aureum golden currant Riverbanks and rocky slopes. G5 S2 --- Ribes setosum bristly gooseberry Moist woods. G5T4? S2 --- Rorippa curvipes curved yellow-cress Moist ground. G5 S1 --- Rorippa tenerrima slender yellow-cress Moist, usually sandy soil. G5 S1 --- Rorippa truncata blunt-leaved yellow- Moist to drying sloughs and G5 S2S3 --- cress field depressions. Rosa blanda smooth wild rose Eastern parkland. G5 S1S2 --- Rosa x dulcissima hybrid rose Prairies and parkland. HYB S1 --- Ruppia maritima beaked ditch-grass or Brackish and saline sloughs or G5 S2 --- widgeon-grass alkaline lakes.
B-22
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Sagina decumbens trailing pearlwort Dry to moist open sandy areas. G5 SH --- Sambucus racemosa red elderberry Moist woods. G5T4T5 S3 --- ssp. pubens Schedonnardus tumble grass Plains and waste ground. G5 S2S3 --- paniculatus Scirpus atrovirens pale-green bulrush Bogs and marshes. G5? S2 --- Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush Bogs and marshes. G5 S2 --- Scirpus rollandii dwarf bulrush Saline marshes or bogs. G3Q S1 --- Scirpus rufus var. red club-rush or Saline or brackish marshes. G5T? S2 --- neogaeus bulrush Scrophularia lance-leaf or hare Waste ground. G5 SU --- lanceolata figwort Scutellaria blue skullcap Swamps and wet areas. G5 S3 --- lateriflora Sedum lanceolatum common stonecrop Dry slopes and ridges. G5 S3 --- Senecio integerrimus Scribner's entire-leaf Dry to moist plains and open G5T? S1 --- var. scribneri ragwort woods. Senecio plattensis prairie ragwort or Saline meadows. G5 S3S4 --- groundsel Shinnersoseris beaked annual Semi-active to stabilized sand G5? S2 --- rostrata skeleton-weed dunes. Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly Dry open areas. G5 S1S2 --- Silene menziesii Menzies' catchfly Woodlands and clearings. G5 S3 --- Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass Grasslands. G5 S1 --- Sporobolus northern or prairie Moist grassland. G5 S3 --- heterolepis dropseed Sporobolus neglectus small, annual or Dry open ground. G5 S1 --- puffsheath dropseed Stellaria longipes hairy long-stalked Dry to moist open areas. G5T? S2 --- var. subvestita stitchwort Stephanomeria runcinate-leaved Dry, open sites and eroded G5 S1S2 --- runcinata skeleton-weed slopes. Stipa richardsonii Richardson's Moist grasslands. G5 S2 --- speargrass Suaeda moquinii seepweed Moist saline or alkaline soils. G5 S1 --- Taraxacum horned dandelion Moist areas, especially G5T5 S2 --- officinale ssp. meadows. ceratophorum Tetraneuris acaulis stemless tetraneuris Eroded hillsides. G5 S1 --- or rubberweed Teucrium canadense hairy germander Moist low ground. G5T4 S2 --- var. occidentale Thalictrum western meadow-rue Mesic aspen (or pine) woods. G5 S1S2 --- occidentale Tradescantia western spiderwort Dry grassland. G5 S1 Threatened occidentalis (1992) Tripterocalyx small-flowered sand- Loose alluvial sands. G5 S1 Threatened micranthus = verbena or sand-puffs (1992) Abronia micrantha Verbena hastata blue vervain Woodlands and river valleys. G5 S1S2 --- Verbena urticifolia white vervain Thickets, moist fields and G5 S1 --- marshes. Vernonia fasciculata western iron-weed Sloughs and river valleys. G5T? SR --- ssp. corymbosa Viburnum lentago nannyberry Woodlands. G5 S2 --- Viola pedatifida crowfoot, larkspur or Dry grassland. G5 S3 --- purple prairie violet Vulpia octoflora six-weeks fescue Sterile ground or depleted G5 S2 --- rangeland.
B-23
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 2 COSEWIC 3 Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia Rock crevices. G5T4? S2 --- ssp. oregana Zizia aurea golden alexanders Meadows and woodlands. G5 SR ---
______Notes:
1. Sources:
Argus and Pryer 1990 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Fernald 1993 Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973 Looman and Best 1987 Moss 1983 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999a Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1996 Wallis et al. 1987
2. Global (G) and provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
G? or S? = not rated; not all plants are rated because of insufficient information due to financial and scientific constraints ? = not yet ranked E = exotic species established in the province, may be native to nearby regions H = historical occurrence but without recent verification (e.g., within 20 years) HYB = hybrid of species Q = taxonomic difficulties, more information needed R = reported in province but lacks documentation which would provide a basis for accepting or rejecting the report (e.g., misidentified specimen) T_ = rank for subspecific taxa U = status uncertain in Saskatchewan because of limited information
3. Rated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). Endangered = a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened = a species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Vulnerable = a species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.
B-24
APPENDIX B-4
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER 1
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Alisma gramineum narrow-leaved water Marshes, ponds and streams G5 S3 --- plantaiin Allium geyeri Geyer onion Wet meadows and G4G5 S1 --- streambanks. Alopecurus Carolina foxtail or Drying slough, mud-flat shores G5 S1 --- carolinianus water-foxtail Ambrosia bur ragweed Open places, especially sandy G5 S2 --- acanthicarpa riverbanks. Anaphalis pearly everlasting Open woodlands G5 S2 --- margaritacea Andropogon gerardii big bluestem or Prairies. G5 S3S4 --- turkeyfoot Antennaria tomentose or northern Dry open woods, shrubs and G4G5 S2 --- neodioica pussytoes moist grassland. Asclepias syriaca silky milkweed Moist sandy soil and G5 S1 --- riverbanks. Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed Dry soil. G5 S1 --- Aster pauciflorus few-flowered aster Saline soils, saline shores and G4 S3 --- depressions. Aster umbellatus flat-top white aster Moist woodland and swampy G5T? S3 --- var. pubens ground. Astragalus Indian milk vetch Gravel banks along rivers and G5 S2 --- aboriginum on slopes. Astragalus gracilis slender milk-vetch Sandy prairie. G5 S1 --- Astragalus lotiflorus low or lotus milk-vetch Sandy eroded grasslands G5 S3 --- Astragalus purshii Pursh's milk-vetch Dry grassland and eroded G5 S2 --- slopes, appears to favour sandy soils. Astragalus racemose milk-vetch Dry prairie slopes and G5 S2 --- racemosus hillsides. Bidens frondosa tall beggar's-ticks Moist ground, ditches. G5 S2S3 --- Boisduvalia glabella smooth spike-primrose Prairie mudflats; especially G5 S2 --- alkaline areas. Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Moist, low places. G5 S? --- Boltonia asteroides aster-like boltonia Wet sloughs and ditches. G5T? S2 --- var. recognita Botrychium lunaria common moonwort or Grasslands and open areas. G5 S1 --- moon-fern Botrychium chamomile grape-fern Open woods, dry bogs and G5 SU --- matricariifolium grassland depressions. Botrychium leathery or broadleaf Moist meadows and margins G5 S3 --- multifidum grape-fern of woods. Botrychium simplex least grape-fern Moist meadows and shores. G5 S1 --- Botrychium simplex least grape-fern or Parklands and boreal forest. G5T4?Q S1? --- var. tenebrosum moonwort Bouteloua tall or side-oats grama Prairie grassland. G5 S3 --- curtipendula Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass Prairies. G4G5 S1 Vulnerable (1998) Cardamine cuckooflower; meadow Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2 --- pratensis or cuckoo bittercress Carex alopecoidea foxtail sedge Wet meadows and slough G5 S2 --- margins.
B-25
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Carex assiniboia sedge Moist open woods. G4G5 S2 --- assiniboinensis Carex buxbaumii brown sedge Swamps, wet meadows and G5 S2 --- riverbanks. Carex crawei Crawe's sedge Wet meadows, lakeshores and G5 S1 --- moist woods. Carex eburnea bristle-leaved sedge Open woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Carex echinata ssp. prickly sedge Peaty soils. G5T5 S1 --- echinata Carex garberi Garber's sedge Wet meadows and springy G4 S2 --- places. Carex granularis granular sedge Damp meadows and springy G5 S2 --- places. Carex gravida heavy-fruited sedge Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Carex heleonastes Hudson Bay sedge Bogs and marshes, often G4 S2 --- calcareous. Carex hystericina porcupine sedge Swamps and wet meadows. G5 S2 --- Carex pachystachya thick-spike sedge Moist areas. G5 S3 --- Carex petasata caespitose or tufted Meadows, open woods and G5 S2 --- sedge clearings. Carex tetanica rigid sedge Dry grasslands. G4G5 S1 --- Carex trisperma three-fruited sedge Bogs and wet woods; muskeg. G5 S2 --- Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Swampy ground. G5 S2 --- Castilleja coccinea scarlet paintbrush Meadows and open woods. G5 S1 --- Celastrus scandens climbing bittersweet Woods, especially in sandy G5 S1 --- areas, river valleys and ravines. Centunculus chaffweed Dry slough bottoms and mar- G5 S2 --- minimus gins. Chenopodium dark-green goosefoot Open disturbed areas. G5 SU --- atrovirens Chenopodium dry goosefoot Undisturbed saline soils. G5 S2 --- desiccatum Chenopodium hians gaping goosefoot Dry grasslands. G5 S1 --- Chenopodium hoary goosefoot Sandy ground, dry plains and G5 S1? --- incanum hillsides. Chenopodium smooth arid goosefoot Sand dunes. G3G4 S2 Vulnerable subglabrum (1992) Chenopodium Dakota stinking Open areas and badlands. G5 S2 --- watsonii goosefoot Cirsium short-stemmed thistle Open deciduous woods, G5 S3 --- drummondii clearings and meadows. Cirsium muticum swamp thistle Wet, marshy areas. G5 S2 --- Cladium twig-rush Swamps, marshes and sandy G5 S1 --- mariscoides shores. Coeloglossum viride long-bracted green bog Moist meadows and woods. G5T5 S3S4 --- var. virescens orchid or frog-orchid Corallorrhiza striata striped coral-root Shady woodlands. G5 S2S3 --- Corispermum neat bug-seed Sandy banks and dunes. G5 S2? --- nitidum Corispermum wingless bug-seed Sandy soils and sandhills. G? S2 --- orientale Crataegus long-spined hawthorn Coulees, streambanks and G5 S1 --- succulenta open woods. Cryptantha clustered oreocarya or Dry open places in valleys, G5 S1 --- celosioides cryptanthe plains and foothills. Cryptantha Kelsey's cryptanthe Dry open plains, often in G4 S2 --- kelseyana sandy soils. Cuscuta coryli hazel dodder Sandy pond shores, bottoms G5 S1? --- and low or dry grounds.
B-26
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Cycloloma tumble ringwing Sandy soils. G5 S1 --- atriplicifolium Cyperus aristatus awned umbrella-sedge Wet places, valleys and G5 S1 --- lowlands. Cyperus schweinitzii Schweinitz's flatsedge Dry sandy soil and active G5 S2 --- dunes. Cyperus strigosus straw-colored Moist meadows and swamps. G5 SH --- umbrella-sedge Cypripedium small white lady's- Moist areas. G4 SH --- candidum slipper Cypripedium sparrow's-egg lady's- Moist coniferous woods. G4G5 S2 --- passerinum slipper Cypripedium large yellow lady's- Moist woods. G5 S2 --- pubescens slipper Dalea villosa hairy prairie-clover Stabilized to semi-active sand- G5 S1 --- dune blowouts. Danthonia California oatgrass Dry to moist open areas and G5T?Q S2 --- californica var. open woodland. americana Danthonia few-flowered or one- Open ground. G5 S2 --- unispicata spiked oat-grass Delphinium tall or pale larkspur Meadows, streambanks, moist G5 S2 --- glaucum woods. Dichanthelium hairy or woolly panic- Grassland and dry open areas. G5 S2 --- acuminatum grass Dichanthelium Leiberg's witchgrass or Prairies and dry open woods. G5 S1 --- leibergii panic-grass Dichanthelium sand-millet or witch Sandhill prairie and clearings. G5 S1 --- wilcoxianum grass Drosera anglica English sundew Swamps and cold bogs. G5 S3 --- Drosera linearis slenderleaf sundew Marly bogs and wet calcareous G4 S1 --- shores. Dryopteris cristata crested shield-fern Moist woods and marshes. G5 S3 --- Echinacea narrow-leaved purple Dry benchlands. G4Q S3 --- angustifolia coneflower Echinacea narrow-leaved purple Dry benchlands. G4Q S3 --- angustifolia coneflower Elatine triandra mud purslane Muddy shores and shallow G5 S2 --- waters. Eleocharis flat-stemmed spike- Sandy shores and marshy G4 S? --- compressa rush ground. Eleocharis elliptica slender spike-rush Wet areas, sand dunes, shores G5 S? --- and marshes. Eleocharis elliptica flat-stemmed spike- Marshy areas and sandy G5T4?Q S2 --- var. elliptica rush shore. Eleocharis Engelmann's spike- Wet places. G4? S2 --- engelmannii rush Eleocharis parvula dwarf spike-rush Wet places. G5T?Q S1 --- var. anachaeta Elodea canadensis Canada waterweed Still or slow-moving water. G5 S2 --- Elodea long-sheathed water- Ponds and lakes. G4G5 S2 --- longivaginata weed Elymus glaucus smooth or blue wild- Moist to dry open woods and G5 S2 --- rye hillsides. Elymus interruptus various-glumed / Woods and openings. G5 S2 --- interrupted wild rye Elymus lanceolatus sand-dune wheatgrass Dunes and dry open places. G5T3? S2 --- ssp. psammophilus = Agropyron psammophilum Eragrostis creeping love grass Sandy shores. G5 S1S2 --- hypnoides
B-27
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Erigeron compositus dwarf mountain Dry open areas. G5 S? --- fleabane Erigeron compositus compound or fern-leaf Dry open areas. G5T? S2S3 --- var. glabratus fleabane Erigeron strigosus white-top Dry open areas. G5 S2S3 --- Gentiana andrewsii closed blue or blind Wet meadows among bushes. G4T? S1 --- var. dakotica gentian Gentiana aquatica moss gentian Sloughs and marshy places. G4 S2 --- Gentiana downy or prairie Grassland and southeastern G4G5 S1 --- puberulenta gentian parklands. Gentianopsis narrow-leaved fringed Moist meadows, grassy shores G5T?Q S2 --- procera ssp. procera gentian and bog margins. Geranium Carolina wild Clearings and disturbed G5T4? S2S3 --- carolinianum var. geranium ground. sphaerospermum Halimolobos slender mouse-ear Dry benches and eroded G4 S1 Endangered virgata5 cress hillsides. (1992) Hedeoma hispida rough pennyroyal Dry open sites, often on sandy G5 S2S3 --- soils. Helianthus Jerusalem artichoke Moist soils and river flats. G5T? S2 --- tuberosus var. subcanescens Heliopsis rough ox-eye Dry soil on banks and G5T? S1 --- helianthoides var. sidehills. scabra Hordeum meadow wild barley Wetlands, brackish marshes G5 S1 --- brachyantherum and roadsides. Hutchinsia prostrate alpen-cress Wet, often saline areas. G5 S2 --- procumbens Hymenopappus tufted or fine-leaf Dry, gravelly or sandy sites; G5T4T5 S3 --- filifolius var. hymenopappus coulees or badlands. polycephalus Impatiens noli- western or yellow Wet places. G? S3S4 --- tangere touch-me-not Juncus ensifolius dagger or eqitant- Marshy areas. G5 S2 --- leaved rush Juncus interior inland rush Prairies, open ground. G4G5 S2 --- Juncus nevadensis Nevada rush Wet areas. G5 S2 --- Juncus stygius ssp. moor or American bog Bog pools. G5T5 S1S2 --- americanus rush Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Swampy or moist soils. G5 S2 --- Lactuca ludoviciana western lettuce Riverbanks. G4G5 S1 --- Laportea canadensis Canada wood nettle Woodlands, southeastern G5 S2 --- parklands and Boreal forest. Leucophysalis large white-flowered Sandy areas in disturbed G3? S2 --- grandiflora ground-cherry areas and open woodlands. Leymus cinereus = giant wild-rye Dry gravel or sandy sites and G5 S1S2 --- Elymus cinereus; E. road edges. piperi Lilium immaculate lily Moist meadows. G5TUQ S1 --- philadelphicum var. andinum forma immaculata Liparis loeselii bog or yellow Bogs and moist woods. G5 S1S2 --- twayblade Listera borealis northern twayblade Mossy woods and moist G4 S1 --- meadows. Listera cordata heart-leaved Mossy woods, thickets and G5 S2 --- twayblade bogs. Lomatium fennel-leaved parsnip Heavier soils across the G5 S? --- foeniculaceum prairies. Lomatium orientale white-flowered Dry hillsides. G5 S1 --- meadow-parsley
B-28
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Lomatogonium marsh felwort Wet meadows and saline flats. G5 S2 --- rotatum Lonicera swamp fly honeysuckle Swampy areas. G4 S2 --- oblongifolia Lotus purshianus birdsfoot trefoil Dry grasslands. G4G5 S? --- Lotus unifoliolatus prairie bird's-foot Sandy to rocky soil in open to G5 S2 --- trefoil wooded areas. Lupinus pusillus small lupine Sandhills, sandy shores and G4 S3 --- dry eroded slopes. Malaxis white bog adder's- Damp woods, banks and bogs. G5T4 S1S2 --- monophyllos var. mouth orchid brachypoda Malaxis paludosa bog adder's-mouth Wet bogs, in sphagnum moss. G4 S1 --- orchid Marsilea vestita pepperwort Ditches, ponds and lakes. G5 S2S3 --- Mertensia lanceolata lance-leaved lungwort Open prairie and hillsides. G5 S3 --- or mertensia Mimulus glabratus small yellow or Wet places. G5T? S1 --- var. fremontii Fremont's monkey- flower Mimulus ringens blue monkeyflower Swamps, streambanks and G5 S1 --- lake shores. Mirabilis linearis narrow-leaved Dry plains. G5 S2 --- umbrella-wort Myosurus aristatus awned or mountain Prairie mudflats and moist G5 S2 --- mousetail depressions. Myosurus minimus least mousetail Muddy slough margins and G5 S2S3 --- marsh areas. Myriophyllum green or pinnate Ponds and streams. G5 S1 --- pinnatum water-milfoil Myriophyllum whorled water milfoil Ponds and quiet streams. G5T? S3 --- verticillatum var. pectinatum Najas flexilis flexible naiad Shallow lakes. G5 S2 --- Navarretia lesser navarretia Moist areas on plains. G4T? S2S3 --- leucocephala ssp. minima Nothocalais prairie false-dandelion Clay flats, moist sandy G5 S2 --- cuspidata or cuspidate small grasslands and coulee slopes. lettuce Oenothera cespitosa tufted evening- Clay flats and roadsides. G5 S3 --- primrose or gumbo-lily Oenothera flava low yellow evening- Slough margins and clay flats. G5 S2 --- primrose Onosmodium molle western false gromwell Margin of woods and G4G5T4? S2 --- var. occidentale shrubbery. Oryzopsis Canadian mountain- Open woods and hillsides. G5 S2 --- canadensis rice grass Osmorhiza blunt-fruited sweet- Moist woods. G5 S3S4 --- depauperata cicely Oxytropis campestris disparate late yellow Slopes of ravines; margins of G5T1T3 S1 --- var. dispar locoweed groves. Oxytropis lambertii stemless point-vetch Grasslands. G5 S2 --- Panicum virgatum switch grass Prairies and open woods. G5 S2 --- Parnassia glauca glaucous grass-of- Cold bogs. G5 S2 --- parnassus Parnassia parviflora small-flowered grass- Wet areas. G4 S1 --- of-parnassus Pedicularis elephant-head or little Boggy meadows and marshes. G4G5 S1S2 --- groenlandica red elephant Pedicularis purple or swamp Marshes and bogs. G4Q S2 --- macrodonta lousewort
B-29
Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Pellaea glabella ssp. western smooth cliff- Rock cliffs, usually limestone. G5T? S2 --- occidentalis brake Penstemon confertus yellow beardtongue Hillsides and dry areas. G4 S1 --- Pinguicula vulgaris common butterwort or Bogs and swampy areas. G5 S2S3 --- bog-violet Plantago elongata narrow-leaved Moist to dry alkaline prairie. G4 S2S3 --- plantain Plantago patagonica spinulose-bracted Dry plains and eroding slopes, G5T? S2 --- var. spinulosa plantain often in sandy areas. Plantago spinulosa spiny plantain Sandy soils, on river flats. G5Q S? --- Platanthera dilatata fragrant white bog- or Bogs. G5 S2 --- rein-orchid Platanthera large roundleaf orchid Woods. G5? S2S3 --- orbiculata Polanisia clammyweed Gravelly or sandy soils. G5T? S1 --- dodecandra ssp. dodecandra Polanisia large clammyweed Rocky banks, hillsides and G5T? S2 --- dodecandra ssp. light soils. trachysperma Polygala alba white milkwort Dry ground. G5 S2 --- Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort Moist grasslands. G5T? S1 --- var. isocycla Polygonatum great or common Rich moist riparian woods. G5 S? --- biflorum Solomon's-seal Polygonatum great or common Open woodlands. G5T4? S2 --- biflorum var. Solomon's seal commutatum Polygonum scandens climbing false- Shores, clearings and margins G5 S1S2 --- buckwheat of woods. Potamogeton Berchtold's pondweed Shallow ponds and streams. G5T5 S2 --- pusillus var. tenuissimus Potamogeton upright narrow-leaved Calcareous shallow water. G5 S2 --- strictifolius pondweed Potentilla nivea var. five-foliolate cinquefoil Alpine slopes. G5T4 S2 --- pentaphylla Potentilla paradoxa bushy or strange Moist flats and shores. G5 S2S3 --- cinquefoil Potentilla smooth or shore Dry prairie and open slopes. G5T? S2S3 --- pensylvanica var. cinquefoil litoralis Prenanthes alba white lettuce Open woodlands. G5 S2 --- Prunella vulgaris lance-leaved heal-all Woodlands and moist places. G5 S1 --- var. elongata Prunus americana American plum Moist woods and riverbanks. G5 S2 --- Prunus pumila var. sand or dwarf cherry Dry prairie and sandy hills. G5T? S1 --- besseyi Puccinellia Lemmon's alkali-grass Alkaline areas. G4 S1? --- lemmonii Ranunculus heart-leaved buttercup Moist meadows and open G4G5 S1S2 --- cardiophyllus woods. Ranunculus northern buttercup Moist meadows to alpine G5T5 S2? --- pedatifidus var. elevations. affinis Rhinanthus minor yellow-rattle Meadow and open woodland. G4 S2S3 --- Rhynchospora alba white beaked-rush Bogs and muskeg. G5 S2S3 --- Rhynchospora hair-like beaked-rush Bogs, swamps and wet sands. G5 S2 --- capillacea Ribes aureum golden currant Riverbanks and rocky slopes. G5 S2 --- Ribes setosum bristly gooseberry Woodlands and shrubbery. G5T4? S2 --- Rorippa curvipes curved yellow-cress Moist ground. G5 S1 ---
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Global Sask. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Status 2 Status 3 COSEWIC Rorippa truncata blunt-leaved yellow- Moist to drying sloughs and G5 S2S3 --- cress field depressions. Rosa blanda smooth wild rose Eastern parkland. G5 S1S2 --- Rosa x dulcissima hybrid rose Prairies and parkland. HYB S1 --- Ruppia maritima beaked ditch-grass or Brackish and saline sloughs. G5 S2 --- widgeon-grass Schedonnardus tumble grass Plains and waste ground. G5 S2S3 --- paniculatus Scirpus atrovirens pale-green bulrush Bogs and marshes. G5? S2 --- Scirpus pallidus pale bulrush Marshy areas. G5 S2 --- Scirpus rollandii dwarf bulrush Saline marshes or bogs. G3Q S1 --- Scirpus rufus var. red club-rush or Saline or brackish marshes. G5T? S2 --- neogaeus bulrush Scutellaria blue skullcap Swamps and wet areas. G5 S3 --- lateriflora Senecio plattensis prairie ragwort or Saline meadows. G5 S3S4 --- groundsel Senecio pseudaureus western golden Moist meadows, streambanks G5 S1? --- groundsel and thickets. Shinnersoseris beaked annual Semi-active to stabilized sand G5? S2 --- rostrata skeleton-weed dunes. Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly Dry open areas. G5 S1S2 --- Silene menziesii Menzies' catchfly Woodlands and clearings. G5 S3 --- Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass Grasslands. G5 S1 --- Sporobolus northern or prairie Moist grassland. G5 S3 --- heterolepis dropseed Sporobolus neglectus small, annual or Dry open ground. G5 S1 --- puffsheath dropseed Stellaria longipes hairy long-stalked Dry to moist open areas. G5T? S2 --- var. subvestita stitchwort Stipa richardsonii Richardson's Moist grasslands. G5 S2 --- speargrass Streptopus clasping-leaf twisted- Moist woods and thickets. G5T5 S2S3 --- amplexifolius var. stalk americanus Taraxacum horned dandelion Moist areas, especially G5T5 S2 --- officinale ssp. meadows. ceratophorum Teucrium canadense hairy germander Moist low ground. G5T4 S2 --- var. occidentale Tradescantia western spiderwort Dry grassland. G5 S1 Threatened occidentalis (1992) Trillium cernuum nodding trillium or Moist woods. G5 S2S3 --- wake-robin Trimorpha elata tall white fleabane Light soils in prairies and G4? S2 --- parklands. Utricularia minor lesser bladderwort Bogs and shallow water. G5 S2S3 --- Verbena hastata blue vervain Woodlands and river valleys. G5 S1S2 --- Verbena urticifolia white vervain Thickets, moist fields and G5 S1 --- marshes. Vernonia fasciculata western iron-weed Sloughs and river valleys. G5T? SR --- ssp. corymbosa Viburnum lentago nannyberry Woodlands. G5 S2 --- Viola conspersa American bog violet Meadows and moist woods. G5 S1 --- Viola pedatifida crowfoot, larkspur or Dry grassland. G5 S3 --- purple prairie violet Wolffia arrhiza rootless water-meal Floating in calm waters. G5 S1 --- Zizia aurea golden alexanders Meadows and woodlands. G5 SR ---
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______Notes:
1. Sources:
Argus and Pryer 1990 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Fernald 1993 Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973 Looman and Best 1987 Moss 1983 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999a Saskatchewan Environment and Resource Management 1996 Wallis et al. 1987
2. Global (G) and provincial (S) ratings range from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions).
G? or S? = not rated; not all plants are rated because of insufficient information due to financial and scientific constraints ? = not yet ranked E = exotic species established in the province, may be native to nearby regions H = historical occurrence but without recent verification (e.g., within 20 years) HYB = hybrid of species Q = taxonomic difficulties, more information needed R = reported in province but lacks documentation which would provide a basis for accepting or rejecting the report (e.g., misidentified specimen) T_ = rank for subspecific taxa U = status uncertain in Saskatchewan because of limited information
3. Rated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (1999). Endangered = a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened = a species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Vulnerable = a species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.
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APPENDIX B-5
VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA 1
Canadian Canadian Manitoba Scientific Name Common Name Habitat2 Status3 Priority3 Status1 Alisma gramineum Narrow-leaved Shallow water and N.R. N.R. S1 water-plantain muddy shores Andropogon hallii Sand bluestem Dry prairies and N1 5 S1 sandhills Arnica fulgens Shining arnica Moist meadows and N.R. N.R S2S3 gravelly prairies Asclepias Hairy milkweed Sandhills N1 4 S1 lanuginosa Astragalus Indian milkvetch Streambanks and N.R. N.R. S1? aboriginum plains Astragalus Cushion milkvetch Dry prairies N.R. N.R. S1 gilviflorus Astragalus Low milkvetch Dry slopes and N.R. N.R. S1 lotiflorus prairies Carex hookeriana Hooker's sedge Dry prairies and N.R. N.R. S1 plains Carex livida Livid sedge Marshes, calca- N.R. N.R. S3 reous meadows and bogs Chenopodium Smooth goosefoot Active sand dunes N2 2 S1 subglabrum Clematis Virgin's-bower Thickets and forest N.R. N.R. S2 virginiana edges Conopholis Cancer-root Woods, parasitic on N.R. N.R. S1 americana tree roots Coryphantha Pincushion cactus Dry plains and N.R N.R. S2 vivipara sandhills Cryptotaenia Honewort Rich damp woods N.R. N.R. S1S2 canadensis Cycloloma Winged pigseed Sandy places N.R. N.R. S2 atriplicifolium Cyperus strigosus Straw-colored Wet meadows and N.R. N.R. S2 flatsedge shores Cypripedium Small white lady's- Marshy grasslands N2 1 S1 candidum slipper Elymus hystrix Bottle-brush grass Rich moist woods N.R. N.R. S2 Epilobium Annual willowherb Open ground and N.R. N.R. S1S2 paniculatum disturbed areas Erigeron Tufted fleabane Sandy hillsides and N.R. N.R. S2 caespitosus prairies Euphorbia geyeri Prostrate spurge Active sand dunes N1 4 S2 Festuca obtusa Nodding fescue Moist woods N.R. N.R. S1 Heliotropium Seaside heliotrope Alkaline shores N.R. N.R. S2 curassavicum Hepatica Liverleaf Rich woods N.R. N.R. S1 americana Lomatium White-flowered Dry plains and N2 4 S1 orientale parsley buffs
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Canadian Canadian Manitoba Scientific Name Common Name Habitat2 Status3 Priority3 Status1 Mentzelia Gumbo-lily Bare, wind-eroded N.R. N.R. S1 decapetala soil Microseris Prairie false Prairie slopes N2 4 S1 cuspidata dandelion Musineon Leafy musineon Dry hillsides N.R. N.R. S2 divaricatum Myosurus minimus Least mousetail Calcareous or alka- N.R. N.R. S2 line soils Orobanche Louisiana broom- Dry hills and sand N.R. N.R. S2 ludoviciana rape dunes Oryzopsis Indian rice grass Dry prairie and N.R. N.R. S2 hymenoides sandhills Oryzopsis Little-seed rice grass Open woods and N.R. N.R. S2 micrantha rocky ridges or slopes Ostrya virginiana Hop-hornbeam Rich woods N.R. N.R. S2 Panicum Sand millet Dry prairie, sand- N?T2 4 S2 wilcoxianum hills and sandy clearings Penstemon nitidus Smooth blue beard- Sandy or gravelly N.R. N.R. S2 tongue prairies Penstemon Slender beard- Moist prairies N.R. N.R. S1S2 procerus tongue Poa fendleriana Mutton grass Open prairie N.R. N.R. S2 Polanisia Clammyweed Sandy or gravelly N.R. N.R. S1 dodecandra soil Polygala Whorled milkwort Prairie and dry N.R. N.R. S2 verticillata hills Potentilla gracilis Graceful cinquefoil Meadows and N.R. N.R. S1 var flabelliformis prairies Potentilla Low cinquefoil Moist meadows and N.R. N.R. S2 plattensis prairies Sanguinaria Blood-root Rich woods N.R. N.R. S2 candensis Thermopsis Golden bean Dry prairies N?T1 5 S2 rhombifolia Towsendia exscapa Silky townsend- Sandhills N.R. N.R. S2 daisy Tradescantia Western spiderwort Sandy places N1 3 S1 occidentalis Uvularia Small bellwort Rich woods and N.R. N.R. S2 sessilifolia thickets
______Notes:
1. Sources:
Manitoba Conservation Data Centre 1995 White and Johnson 1980 Argus and Pryer 1990
2. National rating ranges from N1, critically imperiled because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), to N5, abundant and demonstrably secure. N.R. = Not Rated.
3. Priority ratings range from 1 (highest) to 5 (lowest). N.R. = uncommon but not numerically rated in Argus and Pryer (1990).
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4. Sub-national rating ranges from S1, critically imperiled because of extreme rarity (5 or fewer occurrences), to S5, abundant and demonstrably secure. N.R. = not rated; not all plants are rated because of insufficient information due to financial and scientific constraints S? = not yet ranked S_? = rank questionable SR = reports exist for the province but lack sufficient documentation to rank the species SU = status uncertain often because of low search effort or cryptic nature of the element; possibly in peril, unrankable, more information needed SH = historically known; may be relocated in the future
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APPENDIX C
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ENBRIDGE PIPELINES INC. WESTERN AND CENTRAL REGIONS RIGHT-OF-WAY
LIST OF TABLES
Wildlife Species With Special Conservation Status Which May Occur In The Vicinity Of The Route From Edmonton To Hardisty ...... 1
Wildlife Species With Special Conservation Status Which May Occur In The Vicinity Of The Route From Hardisty To Kerrobert ...... 4
Wildlife Species With Special Conservation Status Which May Occur In The Vicinity Of The Route From Kerrobert To Regina ...... 8
Wildlife Species With Special Conservation Status Which May Occur In The Vicinity Of The Route From Regina To Cromer ...... 10
Wildlife Species With Special Conservation Status Which May Occur In The Vicinity Of The Route From Cromer To Gretna ...... 13
i
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM EDMONTON TO HARDISTY
Alberta Alberta COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Rank 1 Status 2 Status 3 Mammals 4 hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous S2B Undetermined Not listed Lasiurus cinereus forests northern long-eared bat Mixed and coniferous forests S2S3 Blue Not listed Myotis septentrionalis prairie vole Upland prairie and grass- S2 Undetermined Not listed Microtus ochrogaster lands enclosed by aspen silver-haired bat Woodland areas S3B Green Not listed Lasionycteris noctivagans Birds 5 American bittern Marshes, swamps, moist S3S4B Yellow A Not listed Botaurus lentiginosus meadows, wet alder or willow thickets American white pelican Interior lakes S2B Yellow B Not at risk Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Baird’s sparrow Dry grassy areas with low S3B Yellow A Not at risk Ammodramus bairdii shrubs; weedy fields, wheat fields and dried-out sloughs black-crowned night-heron Large bodies of water with S3B Yellow B Not listed Nycticorax nycticorax dense emergent vegetation black-necked stilt Wet pastures and grassy S2B Yellow B Not listed Himantopus mexicanus shorelines of shallow and brackish pools brown creeper Mature forests, prefers S3 Yellow B Not listed Certhia americana coniferous or mixed woods ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed, dry, mixed- S4B Blue Vulnerable Buteo regalis grass prairie Forster’s tern Marshes and marshy bays of S3B Yellow B Indeterminate Sterna fosteri bordering lakes golden eagle Grassland habitats with S3B, S2N Yellow B Not at risk Aquila chrysaetos steep river banks, coulees and canyons great blue heron Open shallow water; edges of S3B, S1N Yellow B Not listed Ardea herodias bays, streams, river margins, sloughs, lakes, ponds, marshes and ditches great crested flycatcher Mature deciduous and mixed S2B Yellow B Not listed Myiarchus crinitus woodlands hooded merganser Fish-bearing ponds, lakes S1B, S1N Green Not listed Lophodytes cucullatus and rivers near woodlands loggerhead shrike Open country with hedge- S3B Yellow A Threatened Lanius ludovicianus rows, fence posts or other similar lookout posts and nesting sites peregrine falcon Cliffs, shores and marshes of S3B, SAN Red Threatened Falco peregrinus open country, occasionally large cities piping plover Sandy beaches on both salt S2B Red Endangered Charadrius melodus and fresh water red-breasted merganser Bays, lagoons and estuaries S1B,SAN Green Not listed Mergus serrator of larger lakes and rivers red-throated loon Freshwater ponds and lakes S1B Green Not listed Gavia stellata
C-1
EDMONTON TO HARDISTY Cont’d
Alberta Alberta COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Rank 1 Status 2 Status 3 sedge wren Sedge and grass dominated S2B Yellow B Not at Risk Cistothorus platensis areas of marshland semipalmated plover Mudflats, beaches, margins S1B Green Not listed Charadrius semipalmatus of ponds, lakes and rivers short-billed dowitcher Muskegs, boggy and marshy S2B Green Not listed Limnodramus griseus places with low vegetation short-eared owl Open grassland, meadows, S3B, S2N Blue Vulnerable Asio flammeus fresh and salt marshes Sprague’s pipit Prairie grasslands and short S4B Blue Threatened Anthus spragueii grass plains, preferably unplowed and unburned surf scoter Quiet and slow moving S1B Green Not listed Melanitta perspicillata waters of forested areas trumpeter swan Small to medium sized S3B, S1N Blue Not at risk Cygnus buccinator shallow isolated lakes with well developed emergent and submergent plant commu- nities upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, S3B Yellow A Not listed Bartramia longicauda hayfields, pastures, wet meadows and old oil field with minimal shrub or tree growth Virginia rail Freshwater lakes, ponds, S2B Undetermined Not listed Rallus limicola marshes, sloughs and bogs willow flycatcher Shrubbery along streams or S2B Undetermined Not listed Empidonax traillii lake edges wood duck Wooded lakes, ponds, S1B Green Not listed Aix sponsa lowland sloughs and streams, especially where large willows and cottonwoods are present yellow rail Dense grass or sedge S2B Undetermined Vulnerable Coturnicops noveboracenis marshes with little or no standing water Amphibians and Reptiles 6 Canadian toad Shallows of lakes, ponds, S4 Red Not listed Bufo hemiophrys ditches, marshes northern leopard frog Streams, marshes, springs S2S3 Red Vulnerable Rana pipiens with abundant aquatic vegetation painted turtle Ponds, lakes, streams, S1 Yellow B Not listed Chrysemys picta ditches or marshes with quiet waters, muddy or sand bottoms and abundant aquatic vegetation red-sided garter snake Ponds, marshes, ditches, S3 Yellow A Not listed Thamnophis sirtalis dugouts and streams
Sources: 1 Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre 1999b S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation.
C-2
EDMONTON TO HARDISTY Cont’d
S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S? Not ranked. SA Accidental: Accidental or casual in the country/subnation (i.e., infrequent and far outside usual range). SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
2 Alberta Environmental Protection 1996b Green: Not at risk, populations are stable and key habitats are generally secure at present Yellow A: Concern has been expressed over long-term declines in numbers of these species Yellow B: Species that are : a) naturally rare but are not in decline; b) naturally rare and have clumped breeding distributions; or c) associated with habitats that are or may be deteriorating Blue: Current knowledge suggests that theses species may be at risk, including species which are vulnerable because of noncyclical declines in population or habitat, or reductions in provincial distribution Red: Current knowledge suggests that these species are at risk; populations of these species have declined, or are believed to have declined, to nonviable levels, or show a rate of decrease indicating that they are at immediate risk of declining to nonviable levels in Alberta Undetermined: Species not known to be at risk but for which insufficient information is available at present to determine status
3 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed Vulnerable: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events Indeterminate: Insufficient scientific information is available to determine status
4 Smith 1993
5 Semenchuk 1992
6 Russell and Bauer 1993
C-3
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM HARDISTY TO KERROBERT
Sask. Alberta Alberta COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Rank 1 Rank 2 Status 3 Status 4 Mammals 5 badger Open grasslands and aspen S3S4 S4 Not listed Not at risk Taxidea taxus parklands bobcat River valleys and coulees S3S4 S3 Yellow B Not listed Lynx rufus cougar Mixed forests S2S3 Not listed Yellow B Not listed Felis concolor hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous S5B, SZN S2B Undetermined Not listed Lasiurus cinereus forests long-eared myotis River valleys and coulees S3B, S?N S2 Undetermined Not listed Myotis evotis northern grasshopper mouse Open grasslands inter- S3 S2 Yellow B Not listed Onychomys leucogaster spersed with sagebrush olive-backed pocket mouse Open grassland, especially S3 S2 Yellow B Not listed Perognathus fasciatus with sandy soil Ord’s kangaroo rat Sandy soil with sparse grass S2 S2 Blue Vulnerable Dipodomys ordii cover prairie long-tailed weasel Grasslands, parklands, open S3S4 Not listed Yellow A Not at risk Mustela frenata coniferous forests prairie shrew Dense vegetation, shrubby S3S4 S3 Undetermined Not listed Sorex haydeni areas and meadows prairie vole Upland prairie and grass- S4 S2 Undetermined Not listed Microtus ochrogaster lands enclosed by aspen sagebrush vole Grassland where sagebrush Not listed S3 Undetermined Indeterminate Lagurus curtatus is common silver-haired bat Woodland areas S5B, SZN S3B Green Not listed Lasionycteris noctivagans western small-footed myotis Rocky outcrops and crevices S3B, S?N S2 Yellow B Not listed Myotis ciliolabrum white-footed mouse Shrubby river valleys S3S4 Not listed Not listed Not listed Peromyscus leucopus Birds 6,7 American bittern Marshes, swamps, moist S4B, SZN S3S4B Yellow A Not listed Botaurus lentiginosus meadows, wet alder or willow thickets American white pelican Interior lakes S3B, SZN S2B Yellow B Not at risk Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Baird’s sparrow Dry grassy areas with low S3B, SZN S3B Yellow A Not at risk Ammodramus bairdii shrubs; weedy fields, wheat fields and dried-out sloughs black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, S4B, SZN S4B Yellow A Not at risk Chlidonias niger sloughs, ponds and wet meadows black-throated blue warbler Deciduous and mixed S2B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Dendroica caerulescens woodland black-crowned night-heron Large bodies of water with S5B, SZN S3B Yellow B Not listed Nycticorax nycticorax dense emergent vegetation burrowing owl Dry, open, short-grass, tree- S2B, SZN S3B Red Endangered Speotyto cunicularia or Athene less country cunicularia Clark’s grebe Larger lakes with abundant S1B, SZN S1B Yellow B Not listed Aechmophorus clarkii fish populations and lakeside emergent vegetation
C-4
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT Cont’d
Sask. Alberta Alberta COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Rank 1 Rank 2 Status 3 Status 4 common poorwill Semi-arid sagebrush bench- S3B, SZN Not listed Green Indeterminate Phalaenoptilus nuttallii lands and grassy openings of dry open woodland Connecticut warbler Dry ridges, knolls with open S2B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Oporornis agilis poplar woods dickcissel Open fields, meadows and S1B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Spiza americana prairies ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed, dry, mixed- S4B, SZN S4B Blue Vulnerable Buteo regalis grass prairie golden eagle Grassland habitats with S4B, SZN S3B, S2N Yellow B Not at risk Aquila chrysaetos steep river banks, coulees and canyons great blue heron Open shallow water; edges of S3B, SZN S3B, S1N Yellow B Not listed Ardea herodias bays, streams, river margins, sloughs, lakes, ponds, marshes and ditches loggerhead shrike Open country with hedge- S4B, SZN S3B Yellow A Threatened Lanius ludovicianus rows, fence posts or other similar lookout posts and nesting sites long-billed curlew Grasslands of the southern S4B, SZN S3B Blue Vulnerable Numenius americanus prairies northern shrike Trees, hedges, wood patches, S1B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Lanius excubitor shade trees or telephone poles peregrine falcon Cliffs, shores and marshes of S1B, SZN S3B, SAN Red Threatened Falco peregrinus open country, occasionally large cities piping plover Sandy beaches on both salt S3B, SZN S2B Red Endangered Charadrius melodus and fresh water red-throated loon Freshwater ponds and lakes S1B, SZN S1B Green Not listed Gavia stellata red-headed woodpecker Open woods, burntlands, S1B, SZN Not listed Green Vulnerable Melanerpes erythrocephalus groves and scattered large (SK) trees sage thrasher Semi-arid plains with S2B, SZN S1B Undetermined Endangered Oreoscoptes montanus sagebrush, thickets on arid hillsides scarlet tanager Mature deciduous woodland S1B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Piranga olivacea semipalmated plover Mudflats, beaches, margins S1B, SZN S1B Green Not listed Charadrius semipalmatus of ponds, lakes and rivers short-eared owl Open grassland, meadows, S4B, SZN S3B, S2N Blue Vulnerable Asio flammeus fresh and salt marshes Sprague’s pipit Prairie grasslands and short S4B, SZN S4B Blue Threatened Anthus spragueii grass plains, preferably unplowed and unburned trumpeter swan Small to medium sized S1B, SZN S3B, S1N Blue Threatened Cygnus buccinator shallow isolated lakes with well developed emergent and submergent plant commu- nities tundra swan Lakes, sloughs, rivers and S1B, SZN Not listed Green Not listed Cygnus columbianus sometimes fields turkey vulture Roost in trees near stable S4B, SZN S2B Yellow B Not listed Cathartes aura food and near water
C-5
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT Cont’d
Sask. Alberta Alberta COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Rank 1 Rank 2 Status 3 Status 4 upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, S5B, SZN S3B Yellow A Not listed Bartramia longicauda hayfields, pastures, wet meadows and old oil field with minimal shrub or tree growth whooping crane Sloughs and ponds near SXB, S1N S1B Red Not listed Grus americana grain fields yellow rail Dense grass or sedge S3B, SZN S2B Undetermined Vulnerable Coturnicops noveboracenis marshes with little or no standing water Amphibians and Reptiles 7 Canadian toad Shallows of lakes, ponds, S4 S4 Red Not listed Bufo hemiophrys ditches, marshes northern leopard frog Streams, marshes, springs S4 S2S3 Red Vulnerable Rana pipiens with abundant aquatic vegetation plains spadefoot Permanent or temporary S3 S3 Blue Not listed Scaphiopus bombifrons bodies of water with sandy or friable soil red-sided garter snake Ponds, marshes, ditches, S5 S3 Yellow A Not listed Thamnophis sirtalis dugouts and streams western hognose snake Sandy locations and damp S3 S2 Blue Not listed Heterodon nasicus lowlands
Sources: 1 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999b S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S5 Demonstrably secure; greater than 100 occurrences. SX Extinct/Extirpated: Element is believed to be globally extinct or extirpated within the country/subnation S? Not ranked. SA Accidental: Accidental or casual in the country/subnation (i.e., infrequent and far outside usual range). SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
2 Alberta Natural Heritage Information Centre 1999b S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S? Not ranked.
C-6
HARDISTY TO KERROBERT Cont’d
SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
3 Alberta Environmental Protection 1996b Green: Not at risk, populations are stable and key habitats are generally secure at present Yellow A: Concern has been expressed over long-term declines in numbers of these species Yellow B: Species that are : a) naturally rare but are not in decline; b) naturally rare and have clumped breeding distributions; or c) associated with habitats that are or may be deteriorating Blue: Current knowledge suggests that theses species may be at risk, including species which are vulnerable because of noncyclical declines in population or habitat, or reductions in provincial distribution Red: Current knowledge suggests that these species are at risk; populations of these species have declined, or are believed to have declined, to nonviable levels, or show a rate of decrease indicating that they are at immediate risk of declining to nonviable levels in Alberta Undetermined: Species not known to be at risk but for which insufficient information is available at present to determine status
4 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed Vulnerable: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events Indeterminate: Insufficient scientific information is available to determine status
5 Smith 1993
6 Smith 1996, Godfrey 1986
7 Semenchuk 1992
8 Russell and Bauer 1993
C-7
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM KERROBERT TO REGINA
Common Name Habitat Sask. Rank 1 COSEWIC Status 2 Mammals 3 badger Open grasslands and aspen parklands S3S4 Not at risk Taxidea taxus bobcat River valleys and coulees S3S4 Not listed Lynx rufus cougar Mixed forests S2S3 Not listed Felis concolor long-eared myotis River valleys and coulees S3B, S?N Not listed Myotis evotis northern grasshopper mouse Open grasslands interspersed with S3 Not listed Onychomys leucogaster sagebrush olive-backed pocket mouse Open grassland, especially with sandy S3 Not listed Perognathus fasciatus soil Ord’s kangaroo rat Sandy soil with sparse grass cover S2 Vulnerable Dipodomys ordii prairie long-tailed weasel Grasslands, parklands, open coniferous S3S4 Not at risk Mustela frenata forests prairie shrew Dense vegetation, shrubby areas and S3S4 Not listed Sorex haydeni meadows sagebrush vole Grassland where sagebrush is common Not listed Indeterminate Lagurus curtatus swift fox Arid grasslands S1 Endangered Vulpes velox western small-footed myotis Rocky outcrops and crevices S3B, S?N Not listed Myotis ciliolabrum white-footed mouse Shrubby river valleys S3S4 Not listed Peromyscus leucopus Birds 4,5 American white pelican Interior lakes S3B, SZN Not at risk Pelecanus erythrorhynchos burrowing owl Dry, open, short-grass, treeless country S2B, SZN Endangered Speotyto cunicularia Clarke’s grebe Freshwater lakes with some emergent S1B, SZN Not listed Aechmorphus clarkii vegetation ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed, dry, mixedgrass prairie S4B, SZN Vulnerable Buteo regalis golden eagle Grassland habitats with steep river S4B, SZN Not at risk Aquila chrysaetos banks, coulees and canyons great blue heron Open shallow water; edges of bays, S3B, SZN Not listed Ardea herodias streams, river margins, sloughs, lakes, ponds, marshes and ditches loggerhead shrike Open country with hedgerows, fence S4B, SZN Threatened Lanius ludovicianus posts or other similar lookout posts and (AB, SK) nesting sites piping plover Sandy beaches on both salt and fresh S3B, SZN Endangered Charadrius melodus water short-eared owl Open grassland, meadows, fresh and S4B, SZN Vulnerable Asio flammeus salt marshes Sprague’s pipit Prairie grasslands and short grass S4B, SZN Threatened Anthus spragueii plains, preferably unplowed and unburned upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, hayfields, S5B, SZN Not listed Bartramia longicauda pastures, wet meadows and old oil field with minimal shrub or tree growth
C-8
KERROBERT TO REGINA Cont’d
Common Name Habitat Sask. Rank 1 COSEWIC Status 2 whooping crane Sloughs and ponds near grain fields SXB, S1N Not listed Grus americana Amphibians and Reptiles 6 northern leopard frog Streams, marshes, springs with S4 Vulnerable Rana pipiens abundant aquatic vegetation plains spadefoot Permanent or temporary bodies of S3 Not listed Scaphiopus bombifrons water with sandy or friable soil western hognose snake Sandy locations and damp lowlands S3 Not listed Heterodon nasicus
Sources: 1 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999b S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S5 Demonstrably secure; greater than 100 occurrences. SX Extinct/Extirpated: Element is believed to be globally extinct or extirpated within the country/subnation S? Not ranked. SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
2 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed Vulnerable: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events Indeterminate: Insufficient information is available at present to determine status
3 Smith 1993, Banfield 1974
4 Smith 1996, Godfrey 1986
5 Semenchuk 1992
6 Russell and Bauer 1993, Cook 1984
C-9
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM REGINA TO CROMER
Manitoba COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Sask. Rank 1 Rank 2 Status 3 Mammals 4 badger Open grasslands and aspen S3S4 S4 Not at risk Taxidea taxus parklands bobcat River valleys and coulees S3S4 S3 Not listed Lynx rufus cougar Mixed forests S2S3 S2 Not listed Felis concolor eastern red bat Forests and villages or towns S3B, SZN S3B, SZN Not listed Lasiurus borealis gray fox Deciduous woodlands and marshes Not listed SA Vulnerable Urocyon cinereoargenteus hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous forests S5B, SZN S3B,SZN Not listed Lasiurus cinereus little brown myotis Hibernates in caves, found in wide S5B, S?N S2N, S5B Not listed Myotis lucifugus range of habitats in summer northern grasshopper mouse Open grasslands interspersed with S3 S3 Not listed Onychomys leucogaster sagebrush olive-backed pocket mouse Open grassland, especially with S3 S3 Not listed Perognathus fasciatus sandy soil prairie long-tailed weasel Grasslands, parklands, open S3S4 S5 Not at risk Mustela frenata coniferous forests prairie shrew Dense vegetation, shrubby areas and S3S4 S4 Not listed Sorex haydeni meadows prairie vole Upland prairie and grasslands S4 S3 Not listed Microtus ochrogaster enclosed by aspen silver-haired bat Woodland areas S5B, SZN S3S4B, SZN Not listed Lasionycteris noctivagans swift fox Arid grasslands S1 SX Endangered Vulpes velox western jumping mouse Coulees and swales, streambanks, S4 S3 Not listed Zapus princeps alder and willow groves Birds 5,6 American white pelican Interior lakes S3B, SZN S3B, SZN Not at risk Pelecanus erythrorhynchos black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, sloughs, S4B, SZN S3S4B,SZN Not at risk Chlidonias niger ponds and wet meadows black-crowned night-heron Large bodies of water with dense S5B, SZN S3S4B,SZN Not listed Nycticorax nycticorax emergent vegetation burrowing owl Dry, open, short-grass, treeless S2B, SZN S1B, SZN Endangered Speotyto cunicularia country eastern screech owl Open woodlands, groves, orchards S3B S4 Not at risk Otus asio and shade trees ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed, dry, mixedgrass S4B, SZN S2B,SZN Vulnerable Buteo regalis prairie Forster’s tern Marshes S4B, SZN S3S4B, SZN Indeterminate Sterna forsteri golden eagle Grassland habitats with steep river S4B, SZN SHB, SZN Not at risk Aquila chrysaetos banks, coulees and canyons great blue heron Open shallow water; edges of bays, S3B, SZN S4B, SZN Not listed Ardea herodias streams, river margins, sloughs, lakes, ponds, marshes and ditches
C-10
REGINA TO CROMER Cont’d
Manitoba COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Sask. Rank 1 Rank 2 Status 3 loggerhead shrike Open country with hedgerows, fence S4B, SZN S2S3B, SZN Threatened Lanius ludovicianus posts or other similar lookout posts and nesting sites piping plover Sandy beaches on both salt and fresh S3B, SZN S2B, SZN Endangered Charadrius melodus water short-eared owl Open grassland, meadows, fresh and S4B, SZN S3S4B, SZN Vulnerable Asio flammeus salt marshes Sprague’s pipit Prairie grasslands and short grass S4B, SZN S2S3B, SZN Threatened Anthus spragueii plains, preferably unplowed and unburned Swainson’s hawk Open dry country of the plains and S4B, SZN S3S4B, SZN Not listed Buteo swainsoni prairies upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, hayfields, S5B, SZN S3S4B, SZN Not listed Bartramia longicauda pastures, wet meadows and old oil field with minimal shrub or tree growth whooping crane Sloughs and ponds near grain fields SXB, S1N SXB, SZN Not listed Grus americana Amphibians and Reptiles 7 northern leopard frog Streams, marshes, springs with S4 S4 Vulnerable Rana pipiens abundant aquatic vegetation plains spadefoot Permanent or temporary bodies of S3 S3S4 Not listed Scaphiopus bombifrons water with sandy or friable soil snapping turtle Ponds, marshes, rivers and lakes but S3 S3 Not listed Chelydra serpentina generally in shallower waters western hognose snake Sandy locations and damp lowlands S3 S2 Not listed Heterodon nasicus
Sources: 1 Saskatchewan Conservation Data Centre 1999b S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S5 Demonstrably secure; greater than 100 occurrences. SX Extinct/Extirpated: Element is believed to be globally extinct or extirpated within the country/subnation S? Not ranked. SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
2 Manitoba Conservation Data Centre 1997 S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances.
C-11
REGINA TO CROMER Cont’d
S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S? Not ranked. SH Historical: Species occurred historically throughout its range in Manitoba (with expectation that it may be rediscovered). SA Accidental: Accidental or casual in the country/subnation (i.e., infrequent and far outside usual range). SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
3 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed Vulnerable: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events Indeterminate: Insufficient scientific information is available at present to determine status.
4 Smith 1993, Banfield 1974
5 Smith 1996, Godfrey 1986
6 Semenchuk 1992
7 Cook 1984
C-12
WILDLIFE SPECIES WITH SPECIAL CONSERVATION STATUS WHICH MAY OCCUR IN THE VICINITY OF THE ROUTE FROM CROMER TO GRETNA
Manitoba COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Status 1 Status 2 Mammals 3 bobcat River valleys and coulees S3 Not listed Lynx rufus cougar Mixed forests S2 Not listed Felis concolor eastern red bat Forests and villages or towns S3B, SZN Not listed Lasiurus borealis gray fox Deciduous woodlands and marshes SA Vulnerable Urocyon cinereoargenteus hoary bat Coniferous and deciduous forests S3B, SZN Not listed Lasiurus cinereus little brown myotis Hibernates in caves, found in wide range of S2N, S5B Not listed Myotis lucifugus habitats in summer northern grasshopper mouse Open grasslands interspersed with S3 Not listed Onychomys leucogaster sagebrush olive-backed pocket mouse Open grassland, especially with sandy soil S3 Not listed Perognathus fasciatus plains pocket gopher Areas with deep, fine, sandy loam S3 Not at risk Geomys bursarius prairie vole Upland prairie and grasslands enclosed by S3 Not listed Microtus ochrogaster aspen silver-haired bat Woodland areas S3S4B, SZN Not listed Lasionycteris noctivagans star-nosed mole Low-lying woods, meadows and marshes S3 Not listed Condylura cristata where soil is a wet mucky humus swift fox Arid grasslands SX Endangered Vulpes velox western jumping mouse Coulees and swales, streambanks, alder S3 Not listed Zapus princeps and willow groves Birds 4 American white pelican Interior lakes S3B, SZN Not at risk Pelecanus erythrorhynchos barred owl Woodlands, usually coniferous or S3S4 Not listed Strix varia mixedwood, especially near lakes, streams, swamps or marshes black tern Shallow lakes, marshes, sloughs, ponds S3S4B, SZN Not at risk Chlidonias niger and wet meadows black-crowned night-heron Large bodies of water with dense emergent S3S4B, SZN Not listed Nycticorax nycticorax vegetation burrowing owl Dry, open, short-grass, treeless country S1B, SZN Endangered Speotyto cunicularia caspian tern Lakes and large rivers S3B, SZN Not at risk Sterna caspia ferruginous hawk Sparsely treed, dry, mixedgrass prairie S2B, SZN Vulnerable Buteo regalis Forster’s tern Marshes S3S4B, SZN Indeterminate Sterna forsteri least bittern Shallows of almost any body of water S3B, SZN Vulnerable Ixobrychus exilis loggerhead shrike Open country with hedgerows, fence posts S2S3B, SZN Threatened Lanius ludovicianus or other similar lookout posts and nesting sites
C-13
CROMER TO GRETNA Cont’d
Manitoba COSEWIC Common Name Habitat Status 1 Status 2 peregrine falcon Open areas S1B, SZN Threatened Falco peregrinus piping plover Sandy beaches on both salt and fresh S2B, SZN Endangered Charadrius melodus water red-headed woodpecker Open woods, burntlands, groves and S3S4B, SZN Vulnerable Melanerpes erythrocephalus scattered large trees short-eared owl Open grassland, meadows, fresh and salt S3S4B, SZN Vulnerable Asio flammeus marshes Sprague’s pipit Prairie grasslands and short grass plains, S2S3B, SZN Threatened Anthus spragueii preferably unplowed and unburned Swainson’s hawk Open dry country of the plains and prairies S3S4B, SZN Not listed Buteo swainsoni upland sandpiper Open, grassy uplands, hayfields, pastures, S3S4B, SZN Not listed Bartramia longicauda wet meadows and old oil field with minimal shrub or tree growth yellow rail Dense grass or sedge marshes with little or S4B, SZN Not listed Coturnicops noveboracenis no standing water Amphibians and Reptiles 5 northern leopard frog Streams, marshes, springs with abundant S4 Vulnerable Rana pipiens aquatic vegetation northern prairie skink Sandy areas near Shilo and Spruce Woods S2 Vulnerable Eumeces septentrionalis Provincial Park east of Brandon plains spadefoot Permanent or temporary bodies of water S3S4 Not listed Scaphiopus bombifrons with sandy or friable soil snapping turtle Ponds, marshes, rivers and lakes but S3 Not listed Chelydra serpentia generally in shallower waters western hognose snake Sandy locations and damp lowlands S2 Not listed Heterodon nasicus
Sources: 1 Manitoba Conservation Data Centre 1997 S1 Very Rare: Typically five or fewer occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Rare: Typically six to 20 occurrences in the province or very few remaining individuals: may be susceptible to extirpation. S3 Uncommon: Usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province; may have fewer occurrences, but with a larger number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances. S4 Apparently Secure: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the province, but is of long-term concern; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats. S5 Demonstrably secure; greater than 100 occurrences. SA Accidental: Accidental or casual in the country/subnation (i.e., infrequent and far outside usual range). SX Extinct/Extirpated: Element is believed to be globally extinct or extirpated within the country/subnation S? Not ranked. SZ Zero occurrences: Not of practical conservation concern in the country/subnation, because there are no definable occurrences, although the taxon is native and appears regularly in the country. An SZ rank will generally be used for long distance migrants whose occurrences during their migrations are too irregular (in terms of repeated visitation to the same locations) or transitory. In other words, the migrant regularly passes through the country/subnation, but enduring, mappable Element Occurrences cannot be defined. B Breeding: Basic rank refers to the breeding population of the element in the province. N Non-breeding: Basic rank refers to the non-breeding population of the element in the province.
C-14
CROMER TO GRETNA Cont’d
2 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada 1999 Endangered: A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction Threatened: A species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed Vulnerable: A species of special concern because of characteristics that make it particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events Indeterminate: Insufficient scientific information is available at present to determine status.
3 Banfield 1974, Smith 1993
4 Smith 1996, Godfrey 1986
5 Cook 1984
C-15