Countries, States, Districts, , Cities, Towns, and International Businesses That Have Reached or Committed to 100 Percent Renewable Energy in One or More Energy Sectors Plus Eight Proposed U.S. Laws/Resolutions to go to 100 Percent

In Jacobson, M.Z., 100% Clean, Renewable Energy and Storage for Everything, University Press, New , 427 pp., 2020 https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/WWSBook/WWSBook.html

March 28, 2020 Contact: [email protected]; Twitter @mzjacobson

Summary This document contains three tables. The first lists countries; U.S. states, districts, and territories; U.S. counties; and U.S. towns and cities that have either reached or committed to 100 percent renewable electricity.

The second table lists proposed U.S. resolutions or laws for the United States to go to 100 percent clean, renewable energy in one or more energy sector.

The third table lists international businesses that have committed to 100 percent clean, renewable wind- water-solar (WWS) electricity, in the annual average, to run their global operations.

Table 9.1. List of countries and U.S. states, districts, territories, counties, cities, and towns that have committed to or reached 100 or near 100 percent clean, renewable electricity or all energy as of January 16, 2020. The country, state, and district commitments are just in the electricity sector. The , town, and city commitments are either in the electricity sector (in most cases) or in all sectors, and they are beyond just town/city/country operations. Cities in blue have a population of at least 190,000 as of January 1, 2020. Countries having reached 95 to 100 percent WWS are primarily from Table 8.1. REN21 (2019b) lists 250 cities internationally that had committed to 100 percent renewables in the electric power sector by the end of 2018. 50 of these cities had committed to 100 percent renewables in multiple sectors (e.g., electricity, transport, and building heating/cooling). Country commitments are from Table R6 of REN21 (2019a) (whose data are for 2018 end) for all countries except Spain and Portugal, which committed during 2018. County, town, and city commitments are from Sierra Club (2019). 10 Countries that have reached 95 to more than 100 percent WWS electricity Albania Costa Rica Kenya1 Paraguay Tajikistan Bhutan Iceland Norway Scotland2 Uruguay 61 Countries that have laws requiring 100 percent renewable electricity Afghanistan Cook Islands3 Guatemala Morocco Senegal Tunisia Aruba3 Costa Rica5 Haiti Nepal Solomon Islands5 Tuvalu3 Bangladesh Denmark7 Honduras Niger South Sudan Scotland3 Barbados Djibouti3 Kenya Niue3 Spain Vanuatu5 Bhutan Dominica Kirbati Palau Sri Lanka Vietnam Burkina Faso Dominican Rep. Lebanon Palestine St. Lucia Yemen Cabo Verde4 Ethiopia Madagascar Papua N. Guinea5 Sudan Cambodia4 Fiji5 Malawi Philippines Sweden6 Colombia Gambia Maldives Portugal Tanzania Comoros Ghana Marshall Islands Rwanda Timor-Leste Congo, DR Grenada Mongolia Samoa5 Tokelau 14 U.S. states, districts, and territories that have laws or executive orders requiring 100 or up to 100 percent electric power from renewables South Sudan California Maine New Mexico Rhode Island Washington State Connecticut Nevada New York Virginia Wisconsin Hawaii New Jersey Puerto Rico Washington D.C. 13 U.S counties that have committed to 100 percent renewables Buncombe, NC Multnomah, OR Salt Lake, UT Taos, NM Whatcom, WA Floyd, VA Orange, NC Summit, CO Ventura, CA Grand, UT Pueblo, CO Summit, UT Wake, NC 6 U.S. towns and cities that have reached 100 percent renewable electricity Aspen, CO Burlington, VT Georgetown, TX Greensburg, KS Kodiak Island, AK Rock Port, MO 157 additional U.S. towns and cities that have committed to 100 percent renewable electricity Abita Springs, LA Concord, NH Golden, CO Minneapolis, MN Pueblo, CO St. Louis, MO Alta, UT Conshohocken, PA Goleta, CA Missoula, MT Questa, NM St. Louis Park, MN Ambler, PA Cornish, NH Hanover, NH Moab, UT Radnor, PA St. Paul, MN Amherst, MA Cottonwood Hts UT Haverford, PA Monona, WI Reading, PA St. Petersburg, FL Angel Fire, NM Culver City, CA Helena, MT Monterey, CA Red River, NM State College, PA Apex, NC Del Mar, CA Hillsborough, NC Narberth, PA Rolling Hills Est., CA Tallahassee, FL Arlington, VA Denton, TX Holladay, UT Nederland, CO Safety Harbor, FL Taos, NM Athens, GA Denver, CO Ivins, UT Nevada City, CA Salt Lake City, UT Taos, Ski Valley, NM Atlanta, GA Downington, PA Kamas, UT New Brunswick, NJ San Diego, CA Thousand Oaks, CA Augusta, GA Dunedin, FL Kansas City, MO Norman, OK San Francisco, CA Traverse City, MI Berkeley, CA Durango, CO Kearns, UT Norristown, PA San Jose, CA Tredyffrin, PA Blacksburg, VA Eagle Nest, NM Keene, NH , MA San Luis Obispo, CA Truckee, CA Bluffdale, UT East Bradford, PA Kennett, PA Oakley, UT Santa Barbara, CA Upper Merion, PA Boise, ID East Hampton, NY La Crosse, WI Ogden, UT Santa Monica, CA Uwchlan, PA Boulder, CO East Pikeland, PA La Mesa, CA Ojai, CA Sarasota, FL Ventura, CA Breckenridge, CO Eau Claire, WI Lafayette, CO Orem, UT Satellite Beach, FL West , PA Cambridge, MA Edmonds, WA Lakewood, OH Orlando, FL Savannah, GA West Hollywood, CA Castle Valley, UT Emig. Canyon, UT Largo, FL Oxnard, CA Schuylkill, PA West Jordan, UT Chapel Hill, NC Encinitas, CA Longmont, CO Palo Alto, CA Silverthorne, CO West Valley City, UT Cheltenham, PA Eureka, CA Los Angeles, CA Park City, UT Solana Beach, CA West Vincent, PA Chicago, IL Evanston, IL Louisville, KY Petoskey, MI South Lake Tahoe, CA Whitemarsh, PA Chula Vista, CA Fayetteville, AR Lowell, MA Philadelphia, PA South Miami, FL Windsor, MA Cincinnati, OH Fort Collins, CO Madison, WI Phoenixville, PA South Pasadena, CA Clarkston, GA Francis, UT Menlo Park, CA Plainfield, NH , NY , OH Fredericksburg, VA Middleton, WI Plymouth, PA Spokane, WA Coalville, UT Frisco, CO Millcreek, UT Portland, OR Springdale, UT Columbia, SC Gainseville, FL Milwaukie, OR Portola Valley, CA Springfield, PA 1Kenya’s nameplate capacity in mid-2019 was 88.7 percent WWS, sufficient to produce 90 to 100 percent of its annual average electricity from WWS (Section 8.1). 2Scotland is included based on a preliminary estimate that it can produce 100 percent of its annual average power consumption from WWS by 2020, which is its commitment. Country commitments are all for 2050, except 32020; 42025; 52030, 62030. 7Denmark’s law is for all energy.

Table 9.3. Proposed United States House of Representatives and Senate resolutions and bills between 2015 and 2019 for the U.S. to go to 100 percent WWS in one or more energy sectors. None has been voted on as of August 2019. Name Resolution Date Scope of proposed resolution or law or bill? introduced aH.Res. 540 Resolution Nov. 30, 2015 100 percent clean, renewable energy for all purposes by 2050 bS.Res. 632 Resolution Dec. 7, 2016 100 percent clean, renewable electricity for all purposes by 2050 cS. 987 Bill Apr. 27, 2017 100 percent clean and renewable electricity and public transport by 2050 dH.R. 3314 Bill Jul. 19, 2017 100 percent clean and renewable electricity by 2050 eH.R. 3671 Bill Sep. 8, 2017 100 percent clean (only renewable) electricity by 2035 fH.R. 330 Bill Jan. 8, 2019 100 percent renewable electricity by 2035 gH.Res. 109 Resolution Feb. 7, 2019 100 percent clean, renewable, 0-emission energy for all purposes by 2030 gS.Res. 59 Resolution Feb. 7, 2019 100 percent clean, renewable, 0-emission energy for all purposes by 2030 Sources: aHouse (2015); bSenate (2016); cSenate (2017); dHouse (2017a); eHouse (2017b); fHouse (2019a); gHouse (2019b); hSenate (2019).

By January 16, 2020, 221 international companies had committed to provide 100 percent of their electricity for global operations, in the annual average, from renewables (Table 9.4). The first company to reach 100 percent WWS in the annual average was Google, who reached it during 2017. Apple met the 100 percent goal for its global operations during April 2018.

Table 9.4. International businesses (230, in alphabetical order) that have committed to transition their global operations to 100 percent renewable electricity in the annual average, as of March 28 2020. The businesses may either produce the electricity themselves or source it from the market. Renewables include wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, or biogas. Companies in blue are among the top 10 biggest companies in the world in terms of total value of a company’s shares of stock. From RE100 (2019). 3M Bozzuto Dell Techs. Hazama Ando Logitech Proximus Tata Motors ABInBev British Land Dentsu Aegis Heathrow Airport Longi PVH TCl Co. Adobe Broad Group Derwent London Helvetia Lululemon PwC TD Bank Group Accenture BT Deutsche Tel. HP Enterprise Lyft QBE Telefonica AEO, Inc. Burberry Dexus HP Inc. Mace QTS Tesco AEON CaixaBank Diageo HSBC M&G Rackspace Tetra Pak AkzoNobel Califia Farms DNB Hudson Pacific Mahindra Radio Flyer T-Mobile Allianz Canary Wharf Ebay Hulic Co., Ltd. M&S Rakuten Toda Corp. Alstria Capital One Elion IFF Macquarie Ralph Lauren Tokyu Corp. Amalgamated Bk Carlsberg Group Elopak IHS Markit Mars RB Tokyu Land Amazon Chanel Envipro Ikea Marui Group Roy. Bank Scot. Trane Anthem Citi Envision Infosys McKinsey & Co. RELX Group TRIDL ANZ Equinix ING Microsoft Royal DSM UBS Apple Clif Bar Estee Lauder Interface Mirvac Royal Unilever Asahi Kasei Coca Cola Etsy Iron Mountain Mitsubishi Estate Ricoh Vail Resorts Askul Colruyt Group Facebook JC Decaux Fudosan Salesforce Vaisala Asset Man. One Commerzbank Formula-E JD Sports Fashion Morgan Stanley SAP Vestas Astra Zeneca Commonwealth Bk Fifth Third Bank Jinko Solar Nat Austral Bank Schneider Elec. VF Corp. Atlassian Coop Sapporo Firmenich Johnson & Johnson Nestle Schroders Virgin Media Aurora Corbion Fujifilm Johnan Shinkin Bank Next Sekisui House Visa Autodesk Credit Agricole Fujikura JPMorgan Chase New Balance SGS VM Ware Aviva Credit Suisse Jupiter Nike Signify Vodafone Axa Crown Estate Fuyo Lease Kellogg’s Nordea Sky Voya B of A Crown Holdings Gatwick Airport Keurig Dr. Pepper Novo Nordisk Slaughter & May Walmart Bank Australia Dai-ichi Life Group General Motors Kingspan NREP Sony Watami Bankia Daito Trust Givaudan Konica Minolta NRI Starbucks Westpac Barclays Daiwa House Goldman Sachs KPN O’right, Hair Steelcase WeWork BayWa Dalmia Google L’Occitane Group Organic Valley Swisscom Wells Fargo BBVA Danfoss Grape King Bio La Poste Swiss Post Wonderful Co. Bestseller Danone Grupo Bimbo Landsec Pearson Swiss Re Workday Biogen Danske Bank Gurmengroup Lego Group Pernod Ricard Symrise Yoox Bloomberg DBS H&M Lixil Group P&G Takashimaya Zurich Insurance BMW Group Decathalon HAP Lloyds Banking PNC Target

Between September 2017 and September 2019, the Climate Group went further, galvanizing 52 international companies to commit to transitioning their 2 million company vehicles to 100 percent electric by 2030 (Climate Group, 2019). Companies committed not only to changing their vehicle fleet, but also to installing charging stations. On September 19, 2019, an additional company, Amazon, committed to replacing 100,000 delivery trucks with electric trucks. Transitioning company vehicles is important given that up to half of all vehicles on the road in many countries are company owned.

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