KNOW YOUR PLANTS!

CONTENTS • Introduction • What to do for a plant poisoning

NON-TOXIC PLANTS • Non-toxic plant information (including information about using tables to identify plants dangerous to pets) • Table 1. Non toxic plant list (alphabetical using common names) • Table 2. Non toxic plant list (alphabetical using Latin or scientific names)

TOXIC PLANTS • Introduction • How to use this toxic plant list • Toxic plant rating guide • What to do for a plant poisoning • Table 3. Toxic plant list (alphabetical using common names) • Table 4. Toxic plant list (alphabetical using Latin or scientific names) • References

Introduction Plants are a major cause of poisoning in children under the age of 6 years. Nationally, almost 8 out of 10 plant ingestions occur in young children. But children are not the only victims of plant poisoning—adults, pets and farm animals can also be exposed to plants. To prevent accidents, be aware of the potential dangers of plants.

The common names of plants can refer to several different species. Some may be safe and some may be dangerous. It is important to know which species you have and to check both the non-toxic plant list as well as the toxic plant list to make sure the plant you have is safe.

Each situation is unique. Reactions to plants can depend on factors such as the age and size of the patient, health factors such as allergies and the amount of the exposure. Always call the poison center for up-to-the-minute treatment advice.

It is essential to know the names of the plants in your house and in your yard. Keep the name tags that come with new plants attached for future identification. If your child is being cared for at a relative’s house or daycare, it is important to know if they have dangerous plants to which your child could be exposed.

However, you must have a name of the plant (either the common name or the Latin name) to get the most reliable specific information. Poison center staff cannot identify plants over the phone from the description of the plant. There are over 1000,000 species of plants. A call to the poison center about an unknown plant described as having big shiny green leaves is not enough information to know what the plant is. If you do not know the name of the plant, take the plant or a part of the plant with leaves, berries or flowers to a reputable plant nursery for a positive identification. Try to get the common name and the Latin scientific name. Then call the California Poison Control System at 1-800-222-1222 for more help.

This is a guide to safe plants but it should not be used as a substitute for calling the poison center if a person or an animal has eaten a plant. The California Poison Control System is available 24 hours a day by calling 1-800-222-1222. If you are not in California, call 1-800-222-1222 to be connected to your nearest poison control center.

WHAT TO DO FOR A PLANT POISONING • Do NOT induce vomiting. • Remove any plant parts from the mouth or hands. • Wash around the mouth and hands and give a few sips of water. • Check for any irritation of the skin, mouth or tongue. • Call the California Poison Control System at 1-800-222-1222 • Even if you are not sure, call the poison center for help. It will not be as waste of time. • Do not wait for symptoms to appear. Treatment will be more difficult once symptoms have developed. • If you are advised to go to the hospital, take the plant or part of the plant with you.

NON-TOXIC PLANTS The plants in this list are considered to be safe to humans. This list is in two parts. The first list is alphabetical by common name and the second list is alphabetical by Latin or scientific name.

Keep in mind that even non-toxic plants can cause vomiting in humans and animals. Also children can choke on a plant piece and have gagging or choking.

Some plants that are not a problem to humans can be a problem for animals. The plant names that are listed in bold typeface are known to be dangerous to animals (dogs and cats). Because dogs, especially, will eat large amounts, it is important to keep pets and these plants apart.

Table 1. – Nontoxic Plants by Common Name

A Common name Latin or scientific name Abelia Abelia spp Abutilon hemp Abutilon theophrasti Acacia Albizia julibrisson Acanthus Acanthus spp African daisy Dimorphotheca pluvialis African daisy Gerbera jamesonii African iris Dietes spp African violet Saintpaulia ionantha Aglaonema Aglaonema spp Air plant Kalanchoe pinnata Ajuga Ajuga remota or Ajuga reptans Albizia Albizia Alder, black Viburnum spp Alpine goldflower or Alpine Hymenoxys grandiflora sunflower Althea Hibiscus spp Aluminum plant Pilea cadierei Alumroot Heuchera sanguinea Alyssum Alyssum spp Alyssum, sweet Lobularia maritima American chestnut Castanea spp American olive Osmanthus americanus American sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua Amylum Maranta spp Angel wing begonia Begonia coccinea Angel’s tears Soleirolia soleirolii Anise Myrrhis odorata Anise root Osmorhiza longistylis Aphelandra Aphelandra spp Aralia Dizygotheca elegantissima Arbutus Arbutus unedo Areca palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Aregelia Neoragelia spp Arrowroot Maranta spp Artillery plant Pilea spp Artist's acanthus Acanthus spp Ash, mountain Sorbus spp Asparagus fern Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri Asparagus fern Asparagus setaceus Aspen Populus spp Aspidistra Aspidistra spp Aster, annual Callistephus chinensis Aster, giant Townsendia sericea Astilbe Astilbe japonica Australian laurel Pittosporum tobira Australian nut Macadamia spp Australian umbrella tree Brassaia actinophylla Australian umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla

B Common name Latin or scientific name Baby jade Crassula argentea Baby sun rose Aptenia cordifolia Baby sun rose Mesembryanthemum cordifolium Baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata Baby’s tears Hypoestes phyllostachya Baby’s tears Soleirolia soleirolii Baby's toes Fenestraria rhapalophylla Bachelor buttons Centaurea cyanus Balloon flower Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon vine Cardiospermum halicacabum Balm Molucella spp Balsam Impatients spp Balsam tree Abies balsamea Bamboo bush Nandina domestica Bamboo palm Chamaedorea spp Bamboo, common Phyllostachys aurea Basket lily Hermocallis spp Basket plant or vine Aeschynanthus spp Bayberry Aeschynanthus spp Bayberry Myrica pensylvanica Bead vine Crassula rupestris Bear’s breech Acanthus spp Beauty berry Callicarpa spp Beauty bush Kolkwitzia amabilis Beech, American Fagus spp Begonia cissus Cissus spp Begonia, iron cross Begonia goegoensis Bell flower Platycodon grandiflorus Bellflower Campanula spp Bells of Ireland Moluccella spp Bigleaf palm Fatsia japonica Billbergia Aechmea marmorata Billbergia Quesnelia spp Birch tree Betula spp Bird’s nest fern Asplenium nidus Bishop’s cap or Bishop's hood Astrophytum spp Bishop's elder or Bishop's weed Aegopodium podagraria Bitter pecan Carya spp Bitternut Carya spp Black beech Nothofagus spp Black-eyed Susan vine Thunbergia alata Blazing star Liatris spp Bleeding heart Clerodendrum spp Bleeding heart vine Clerodendrum spp Bloodleaf plant Iresine spp Blue bottle Centaurea cyanus Blushing bromeliad Aregelia spp Blushing bromeliad Neoregelia spp Border grass Liriope muscari Boston fern Nephrolepis spp Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Bottle palm Beaucarnea recurvata Bottle tree Brachychiton spp Bottlebrush Callistemon spp Brain plant Calathea makoyana Brassaia Brassaia actionophylla Breath of spring Lonicera fragrantissima Breath-of-heaven Coleonema ericoides Breath-of-heaven Diosma ericoides Bride’s flower Stephanotis floribunda Bride's bonnet Clintonia uniflora Bright eyes Sinningia speciosa Brodiaea Dichelostemma pulchellum Bromeliad king Vriesea hieroglyphica Broom palm Coccothrinax argentea Buddleia Buddleia davidii Bunchberry Cornus canadensis Burro’s tail Sedum morganianum Busy Lizzy Impatients spp Butterfly bush Buddleia davidii Butterfly flower Schizanthus spp Butterfly ginger Hedychium coronarium Butterfly iris Spuria spp Butterfly lily Hedychium coronarium Butterfly palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Butterfly pea Centrosema virginianum Button fern Pellaea rotundifolia Buttons on a string Crassula rupestris Buzy Lizzie Impatiens spp

C Common name Latin or scientific name Cabbage kale Brassica oleracea Cabbage tree Cordyline australis Cactus (except for thorns) Cactaceae Calathea Calathea spp Calendula Calendula officinalis California bayberry Myrica californica California bluebell Phacelia sericea California poppy Eschscholzia californica California wax myrtle Myrica californica Callistemon Callistemon spp Camellia Camellia japonica Camellia Thea japonica Campanula Campanula spp Campion Silene acaulis Campion, moss or mossy Silene acualis Canary date palm Phoenix canariensis Candle plant Plectranthus oetendahlii Candleberry Myrica pensylvanica Cane apple Arbutus unedo Cane palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Canna lily Canna generalis Canterbury bell Campanula spp Canterbury-bell gloxinia Gloxinia perennis Cape honeysuckle Tecomaria capensis Cape jasmine Gardenia jasminoides Cape marigold Dimorphotheca pluvialis Cape primrose Streptocarpus spp Cardinal flower Gesneria spp Cardinal flower Rechsteineria cardinalis Cardinal flower Sinningia cardinalis Carob Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree Jacaranda procera Carpet bugle Ajuga spp Casa blanca lily Lilium spp Cast iron plant Aspidistra elatior Cat tail Typha latifolia Catalpa Catalpa spp Cathedral bells Cobaeae scandens Cathedral windows Calathea makoyana Cedar pine Pinus glabra Celosia Celosia spp Chain of love Antigonon leptopus Chain plant Tradescantia navicularis Checker lily Fritillaria spp Chenille plant, maroon Echeveria spp Chestnut, sweet Castanea spp Chia Salvia columbariae Chickens and hens or Chicks and hens Echeveria spp Chicks and hens Sempervivum tectorum China doll Leea spp China doll Radermachera sinica China rose Hibiscus spp Chinese evergreen Aglaonema modestum Chinese hackberry Celtis sinensis Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus spp Chinese holly Osmanthus heterophyllus Chinese tulip tree Liriodendron chinense Chocolate soldier Episcia cupreata Chokeberry Aronia spp Christmas cactus Schlumbergera bridgesii Christmas dagger fern Polystichum spp Christmas flower Euphorbia pulcherrima Christmas kalanchoe Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Christmas star Euphorbia pulcherrima Cinderella slippers Sinningia pusilla Cinquefoil Potentilla spp Clarkia Clarkia spp Cleome Cleome spp Clianthus Clianthus spp Climbing begonia Cissus discolor Cloche Campanula spp Clustered wax flower Stephanotis floribunda Cobra lily or Cobra plant Darlingtonia californica Cockscomb Celosia spp Coleus Coleus spp Columbine Aquilegia spp Column of pearls Haworthia chalwinii Common balm Melissa offinalis Common myrtle Myrtus communis Compass flower Hymenoxys grandiflora Cone flower, purple Rudbeckia purpurea Coneflower Echinacea spp Coral beads Sedum stahlii Coral bells Heuchera sanguinea Coral bells Kalanchoe uniflora Coral berry Ardisia spp Coral vine Antigonon leptopus Cordyline Cordyline spp Coreopsis Coreopsis californica Corn lily Clintonia borealis Cornflower Centaurea cyanus Cornplant Dracaena fragrans Cornstalk plant Dracaena fragrans Cosmos Cosmos spp Cottongum tree Nyssa aquatica Cottonwood Populus spp Coxcomb Celosia spp Crape myrtle or crepe myrtle Lagerstroemia indica Crassula Crassula spp Crataegus Crataegus spp Creeping charlie Pilea nummulariifolia Creeping charlie Plectranthus australis Creeping fig Ficus spp Creeping gloxinia Maurandia spp Creeping Jenny or Creeping Joan Lysimachia nummularia Creeping nettle Soleirolia soleirolii Creeping zinnia Sanvitalia spp Crimson cup Aregelia spp Crimson cup Neoregelia spp Crocus, spring blooming ONLY Crocus spp Crossandra Crossandra spp Crotolaria Crotolaria ramosissima Cruel plant Cynanchum spp Cup and saucer plant Gilia spp Cup-and-saucer vine Cobaeae scandens Curiosity plant Tolmiea menziesii Cushion pink Silene acualis

D Common name Latin or scientific name Dagger plant Yucca spp Dahlia Dahlia spp Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Daphne, October Sedum sieboldii Day lily Hermocallis spp Deer's tongue Liatris spp Dipper gourd Lagenaria siceraria Dogwood, flowering Cornus florida Donkey’s-tail Sedum morganianum Double rose of china Hibiscus spp Dracaena Cordyline spp Dracaena Dracaena spp Dracaena queen Dracaena goldieana Dracaena, blue Cordyline spp Dracaena, blue Dracaena spp Dracaena, fountain Cordyline spp Dracaena, giant Cordyline spp Dracaena, giant Dracaena australis Dracaena, lance Pleomele thaliodes Dracaena, Malaysian Pleomele reflexa Dracaena, striped Dracaena deremensis Dragon lily, painted Dracaena fragrans Dragon tree Dracaena draco Dusty miller Lynchnis coronaria Dusty miller Senecio cineraria Dutch crocus, spring blooming ONLY Crocus spp Dwarf palm Chamaedorea elegans Dwarf royal palm Veitchia merrillii Dwarf schefflera Schefflera arboricola

E Common name Latin or scientific name Easter flower Euphorbia pulcherrima Easter lily Lilium longiflorum Echeveria Echeveria spp Echinacea Echinacea spp Elephant’s ear Bergenia cordifolia Elephant’s ear Enterolobium cyclocarpum Elephant’s ear fern Platycerium angolense Elephant’s foot Dioscorea elephantipes Elephant's ear Saxifraga cordifolia Elk's horn Platycerium spp Emerald feather or Emerald fern Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri English bluebell Endymion non-scriptus English lavender Lavandula spp Escallonia Escallonia spp Eugenia Eugenia cyanocarpa Eugenia Syzygium cuminii European grape Vitus vinifera Euryops Euryops spp Evening primrose Oenothera spp Evergreen plant Radermachera sinica Evergreen woodfern Dryopteris marginalis Exacum Exacum affine

F Common name Latin or scientific name Fairwell-to-spring Clarkia amoena Fairy duster Calliandra eriophylla False aralia Dizygotheca elegantissima False heather Cuphea hyssopifolia False holly Osmanthus heterophyllus False hop Bellaperone gutta False lily of the valley Maianthemum kamtschaticum Fan palm Coccothrinax alta Fan palm Livistonia chinesis Farewell to spring Clarkia spp Fatsia Fatsia japonica Fern, bird’s nest Asplenium nidus Fern, deer's foot Davallia canariensis Fern, hare Davallia fejeensis Fern, hen and chickens Asplenium bulbiferum Fern, iron Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, king and queen Asplenium spp Fern, leather Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, leatherleaf Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, mother Asplenium spp Fern, rabbit’s foot Davallia fejeensis Fern, squirrel’s foot Davallia fejeensis Ficus Ficus benjamina Fiddle leaf fig Ficus spp Fiddle leaf rubber plant Ficus spp Fiery spike Aphelandra spp Fig Ficus carica Fig, climbing Ficus spp Fig, weeping Ficus benjamina Fingernail plant Aregelia spp Fingernail plant Neoregelia spp Fir tree Abies spp Fir tree Pseudotsuga spp Fire ball plant Kalanchoe spp Fire lily Cyrtanthus spp Firebird Heliconia spp Firecracker Gesneria spp Firecracker flower Crossandra spp Firecracker plant Cuphea spp Firecracker plant or vine Manettia bicolor Firethorn (except for thorns) Pyracantha spp Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Fittonia Fittonia spp Flame violet Episcia reptans Flaming sword Vriesea splendens Flamingo plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Flocks Phlox spp Florida beauty Dracaena spp Flower of the Nativity Euphorbia pulcherrima Flowering flax Linum grandiflorum Flox Phlox spp Forget-me-not Myosotis spp Forsythia Forsythia spp Forsythia, white Abeliophyllum distichum Fort knight lily Dietes spp Fountain dracaena Dracaena australis Freckle face Hypoestes phyllostachya Freesia Freesia spp French lavender Lavandula spp French mulberry Callicarpa americana Friendship plant Billbergia spp Friendship plant Pilea involucrate Fritillaria Fritillaria spp Fruitless mulberry Morus spp Fuchsia Fuchsia spp

G Common name Latin or scientific name Gardenia Gardenia jasminoides Gazania Gazania spp Geranium Pelargonium spp Gerbera daisy Gerbera jamesonii German violet Exacum affine Ghost plant Sedum weinbergii Giant bird's nest Pterospora andromedea Giant dracaena Dracaena australis Ginger lily Hedychium coronarium Ginger, white Hedychium coronarium Glory bush Pleroma spp Glory bush Tibouchina spp Gloxinia Gloxinia perennis Gloxinia Sinningia speciosa Gloxinia, hardy Incarvillea spp Godetia Clarkia amoena Godetia Godetia spp Gold bloom Calendula officinalis Gold dust dracaena Dracaena spp Gold dust plant Alyssum spp Gold dust plant Aucuba japonica Golden bells Forsythia spp Golden feather palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Golden stars Mammillaria elongata Goldfish plant Hypocyrta spp Good luck leaf Kalanchoe spp Good luck palm Chamaedorea elegans Good luck plant Cordyline terminalis Good luck plant Dracaena terminalis Good luck plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana Gourd Cucurbitaceae spp Grape Vitus vinifera Grape hyacinth Muscari spp Grape, wild Vitus californica Grecian vase Aechmea marmorata Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria

H Common name Latin or scientific name Hackberry, common Celtis spp Hare's tail Lagurus ovatus Hawaiian good luck plant Cordyline terminalis Hawaiian good luck plant Dracaena terminalis Hawaiian hibiscus Hibiscus spp Hawaiian tree fern Cibotium spp Hawthorn Crataegus spp Heart of flame Bromelia balansae Heart pea Cardiospermum halicacabum Heart vine Ceropegia woodii Hearts entangled Ceropegia woodii Hearts-on-a-string Ceropegia woodii Heather, Mexican Cuphea hyssopifolia Heavenly bamboo Nandina domestica Helmet flower Gesneria spp Helmet flower Sinningia cardinalis Hemlock tree Tsuga spp (do NOT confuse with toxic Conium or Cicuta species!) Hen and chickens fern Asplenium spp Hen and chicks Echeveria spp Hen and chicks Sempervivum tectorum Hens and chickens Echeveria spp Heuchera Heuchera sanguinea Hibiscus Hibiscus spp Hickory Carya spp Hip berries Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Hollyhock Althaea rosea Honesty plant Lunaria annua Honey flower Protea mellifera Honey plant Hoya spp Honeyberry Celtis australis Honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima Hoop pine Araucaria cunninghamii Horse’s tail Sedum morganianum Hosta Hosta spp Hoya plant Hoya spp Hyacinth, summer Galtonia spp

I Common name Latin or scientific name Ice plant Aptenia cordifolia Ice plant Lampranthus spp Ice plant Mesembryanthemum cordifolium Icicle plant Carpobrotus spp Impatients Impatients spp Inch plant Callisia spp Inch plant Zebrina pendula Indian hawthorn Raphiolepsis indica Indian kale Zanthosoma lindeni Indian strawberry Duchesnea indica Indian tobacco Eriogonum umbellatum Irish moss Soleirolia soleirolii Iron plant Aspidistra spp Italian cypress Cupressus sempervirens

J Common name Latin or scientific name Jacaranda tree Jacaranda procera Jade plant Portulacaria afra Jade plant/jade tree Crassula spp Jade vine Strongylodon macrobotrys Janet Craig plant Dracaena deremensis Japanese aralia Fatsia japonica Japanese fatsia Fatsia japonica Japanese lantern Hibiscus schizopetalus Japanese photina Photinia glabra Japanese privet Ligustrum japonica Japanese snowbell Styrax japonica Jasmine Jasminum rex Jelly beans Sedum pachyphyllum Jodetia Clarkia spp Johnny jump up (except for seeds) Viola cornuta Joshua tree Sedum multiceps Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia June berry Rubus spp June grass Poa pratensis

K Common name Latin or scientific name Kalanchoe Kalanchoe spp Kale Brassica oleracea Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis King and queen fern Asplenium spp Kohleria Kohleria lindeniana

L Common name Latin or scientific name Lace flower vine Episcia dianthiflora Lady palm Rhapis spp Lady slipper Impatiens spp Lady's ear drops Fuchsia spp Lamb’s ears Stachy spp Lamb’s tail Sedum morganianum Lamb's lettuce Valerianella locusta Lantana, wild Abronia fragrans Lasiandra Pleroma spp Lasiandra Tibouchina spp Lavender Lavandula officinalis Leather leaf woodfern Dryopteris marginalis Lemon balm Melissa offinalis Leopard lily Lachenalia lilacina Liatris Liatris spp Licorice plant Helichrysum petiolatum Lilac Syringa spp Lily, asiatic Lilium asiatic Lily, casa blanca Lilium spp Lily, cascade Lilium spp Lily, coral Lilium spp Lily, Easter Lilium longiflorum Lily, filmy Hermocallis spp Lily, Formosa Lilium spp Lily, Japanese Lilium spp Lily, Japanese showy Lilium spp Lily, Marco Polo Lilium spp Lily, Mariposa Calochortus spp Lily, Oriental Lilium spp Lily, Peruvian Hermocallis spp Lily, regal Lilium spp Lily, spider Hermocallis spp Lily, stargazer Lilium spp Lily, tiger Lilium spp Lily, torch Kniphofia spp Lily, western Lilium spp Lily, wood Lilium spp Linden tree Tilia americana Lion's tooth Taraxacum officinale Lipstick plant or vine Aeschynanthus spp Liquidambar tree Liquidambar styraciflua Lithops Lithops spp Live forever Sedum telephium Living plant Kalanchoe spp Living rock Ariocarpus fissuratus Living rock Mammillaria fissurata Living stone Lithops spp Living stone Pleiospilos spp Living stones Dinteranthus vanzylii Living vase Aechmea spp Lobster claw Heliconia humilis Lobster claws Vriesea carinata Lobster plant Euphorbia pulcherrima Locust pods Ceratonia siliqua London plane tree Platanus acerifolia London pride Lychis chalcedonica Love vine Antigonon leptopus Lucky bamboo Dracaena sanderiana

M Common name Latin or scientific name Macadamia nut Macadamia spp Madagascar dragon tree Dracaena marginata Madagascar lace plant Aponogeton senetralis Madeira vine Anredera cordifolia Madrone Arbutus menziesil Magic flower Achimenes spp Magnolia Magnolia spp Magnolia bush Magnolia stellata Mahonia Mahonia spp Maid fern Adiantum decorum Maiden’s tears Silene acaulis Maidenhair fern Adiantum decorum Maidenhair vine Muehlenbeckia complexa Mandevilla vine Mandevilla spp Manzanita Arbutus spp Manzanita, woolly Arctostaphylos tomentosa Maple tree Acer spp Maranta Calathea spp Maranta Maranta spp Marble plant Lithops spp Marbled rainbow plant Billbergia spp Marigold Calendula spp Mariposa lily Calochortus spp Maternity plant Kalanchoe spp Matilija poppy Romneya coulteri May bush Crataegus spp May flowers Leucocrinum montanum Merry Christmas Begonia rex Mexican apple Casimiroa edulis Mexican creeper Antigonon leptopus Mexican evening primrose Oenothera spp Mexican fan palm Washingtonia spp Mexican firecracker Echeveria spp Mexican flame tree or Mexican Euphorbia pulcherrima flameleaf Mexican hat Ratibida columnaris Mexican heather Cuphea hyssopifolia Mexican ivy Cobaeae scandens Mexican love plant Kalanchoe spp Mexican orange Choisya ternata Mexican pincushion cactus Mammillaria compressa Mexican rosettes Echeveria spp Mexican shrimp plant Bellaperone gutta Mexican shrimp plant Justicia brandegeana Mexican snowball Echeveria spp Mexican sunflower Tithonia spp Mexican tree fern Cibotium schiedei Mimicry plant Pleiospilos spp Mimosa Albizia julibrissin Miner's lettuce Montia perfoliata Miracle leaf Kalanchoe spp Mock orange Philadelphus spp Mock orange Pittosporum tobira Mock plane Acer pseudoplantanas Mock strawberry Duchesnea indica Mondo grass Liriope japonica Money plant Lunaria annua Monkey plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana Monkshood Astrophytum myriostigm, NOT to be confused with Aconitum species Mosquito fern or Mosquito plant Azolla caroliniana Mosquito plant Cynanchum spp Mosquito plant Pelargonium citrosum Moss agate Episcia reptans Moss rose Portulaca grandiflora Moss, club Lycopodium spp Mother fern Asplenium spp Mother hen and chicks Echeveria spp Mother of hundreds Mammillaria compressa Mother of millions Kalanchoe pinnata Mother of thousands Kalanchoe pinnata Mother of thousands Saxifraga stolonifera Mother of thousands Tolmiea menziesii Mother-in-law plant Kalanchoe pinnata (not the Sansevieria spp)

Mother-of-pearl plant Graptopetalum paraguayense Mother-of-pearl plant Sedum weinbergii Mountain acanthus Acanthus spp Mountain dogwood Cornus nuttalii Mountain gum Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain ribbonwood Hoheria glabrata Mountain rose Antigonon leptopus Mountain sunflower Hymenoxys grandiflora Mountain sunflower Rudbergia grandiflora Mulberry tree or bush Morus spp Mulberry, French Callicarpa americana Mulberry, fruitless Morus spp Mullein Erysimum spp Mullein Verbascum spp Multiplication plant Kalanchoe spp Muscari Muscari spp

N Common name Latin or scientific name Naegelia Smithiantha multiflora Nandina bush Nandina domestica Nasturtium Tropaeolum spp Neanthebella Chamaedorea elegans Necklace vine Crassula rupestris Necklace vine Muehlenbeckia complexa Nerve plant Fittonia spp Night jasmine Nyctanthes arbortristis Norfolk island pine Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk pine Araucaria heterophylla

O Common name Latin or scientific name October plant Sedum sieboldii Octopus tree Brassaia actinophylla Octopus tree Schefflera actinophylla Old man of the mountains Hymenoxys grandiflora Olive, wild Halesia spp Orange cup Lilium spp Orchid Cattleya spp Orchid Cymbidium spp Orchid Epidendrum spp Orchid Oncidium spp Orchid ginger Alpinia mutica Oregon grape or Oregon holly Mahonia aquifolium Ornamental cabbage Brassica oleracea Ornamental kale Brassica oleracea Ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris

P Common name Latin or scientific name Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttalii Pagoda flower Clerodendrum spp Paint brush Castilleja spp Painted cup Castilleja spp Painted dragon lily Dracaena fragrans Painted feather Vriesea carinata Painted lady Echeveria spp Painted leaf Euphorbia pulcherrima Palm lily Cordyline australis Palm, bigleaf Fatsia japonica Palm, date (except for thorns) Phoenix spp Palm, desert fan Washingtonia spp Palm, tufted fan Rhapis spp Palo verde Cercidium microphyllum Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Panda bear plant Kalanchoe tomentosa Panda plant Kalanchoe tomentosa Pansy (except for seeds) Viola tricolor Paper plant Fatsia japonica Parakeet flower Heliconia psittacorum Parlor palm Chamaedorea elegans Parrot's flower Heliconia psittacorum Patience plant Impatients spp Patient Lucy Impatiens or Impatients spp Peace in the home Soleirolia soleirolii Peacock plant Calathea makoyana Peacock plant Kaempferia spp Pearl plant Haworthia margaritifera Peperomia Peperomia spp Perfume plant Matthiola longipetala Persian violet Exacum affine Petunia Petunia spp Phlox Phlox spp Photina (except arbutifolia which is Photina spp (except arbutifolia) toxic) Photinia, Japanese Photinia glabra Piggyback plant Tolmiea menziesii Pikake Jasminum sambac Pilea Pilea spp Pincushion flower Scabiosa spp Pine tree Pinus spp Pink dot Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink polka dot Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink porcelain lily Alpinia nutans Pink splash plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink vine Antigonon leptopus Pipe plant Aeschnanthus spp Pitcher plant Darlingtonia californica Pittosporum Pittosporum spp Plane tree Platanus occidentalis Plantago Plantago major Plantain Musa acuminata Plantain lily Hosta spp Plantain, broad-leaved Plantago major Plantain, false Heliconia spp Plantain, wild Heliconia bihai Plectranthus Plectranthus oetendahlii Plush plant Echeveria spp Plush plant Kalanchoe spp Plush vine Mikania apiifolia Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Poker plant Kniphofia spp Polka dot plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Pond lily Nymphaea odorata Porcelain flower Hoya spp Portulaca Portulaca oleracea Potentilla Potentilla spp Prayer plant Maranta leuconeura Privet, Chinese Ligustrum lucidum Privet, glossy Ligustrum lucidum Privet, tree Ligustrum lucidum Privet, wax-leaf Ligustrum lucidum Protea Protea spp Purple passion vine Gynura aurantiaca Purslane Portulaca oleracea Pussy willow Salix discolor Pyracantha (except for thorns) Pyracantha spp

Q Common name Latin or scientific name Quaking grass, big Briza maxima or Briza major Queen elkhorn Platycerium spp Queen of dracaenas Dracaena goldieana Queen’s jewels Antigonon leptopus Queen’s tears Billbergia spp Queen's spiderwort Tradescantia reginae Queen's umbrella tree Brassaia actinophylla Queen's umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Queensland nut Macademia spp Queensland umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Quince, common Cydonia oblonga Quince, flowering Chaenomeles spp

R Common name Latin or scientific name Rabbit’s foot Maranta leuconeura Rabbit’s tail grass Lagurus ovatus Raffia Raphia farinifera Rainbow plant Billbergia spp Raphiolepsis Raphiolepsis indica Rattan cane Calamus rotang Rattlesnake plant Calathea spp Red bud Cercis canadensis Red gum Liquidambar styraciflua Red hot poker Kniphofia spp Resurrection lily Kaempferia spp Resurrection plant Selaginella lepidophylla Rex-begonia vine Cissus discolor Ribbon plant Chlorophytum comosum Ribbon plant Dracaena sanderiana Rock rose Cistus spp Rock rose Oenothera spp Rocket Barbarea vulgaris Rocket Eruca sativa Rosary bead plant Ceropegia woodii Rosary plant Crassula rupestris Rosary vine Ceropegia woodii Rosary vine Crassula rupestris Rose (except for thorns) Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Rose of China Hibiscus senensis Rose of Mexico Oenothera spp Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus Rosehips (berries) Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa Rubber plant Ficus elastica Rubber tree plant Ficus elastica Rudbeckia Echinacea spp Rudbeckia Rudbeckia spp Rush rose Aglianthemum scoparium Russian olive Elaeagnus spp S Common name Latin or scientific name Sacred bamboo Nandina domestica Safflower Carthamus tinctorius Saffron spike Aphelandra spp Sage Salvia spp Sage tree Vitex spp Sago Raphia farinifera Sago fern Sphaeropteris medullaris Salvia Salvia spp Sarsaparilla, wild Smilax gluaca Saucer magnolia Magnolia x soulangiana Saxifraga Saxifraga spp Scabiosa Scabiosa spp Schefflera Brassaia actinophylla Schefflera Schefflera spp Scorpion weed Phacelia sericea Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Sedum Sedum spp Sego lily Calochortus spp Sensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica Shell flower Alpinia nutans Shell flower Molucella spp Shell ginger Alpinia nutans Shrimp bush or Shrimp plant Bellaperone gutta Shrimp bush Justicia brandegeana Shrimp plant Beloperone guttata Silk grass Oryzopsis hymenoides Silk tree Albizia julibrissin Silver bell Halesia spp Silver berry Elaeagnus spp Silver calathea Calathea argyraea Silver dollar Astrophytum asterias Silver dollar Crassula arborscens Silver evergreen Aglaonema spp Silver gum Eucalyptus cordata Silver king Aglaonema spp Silver nerve Fittonia spp Silver palm Coccothrinax argentata Silver queen Aglaonema spp Silver star Cryptanthus lacerdae Silver thatch Coccothrinax argentea Silver thistle Onopordum acanthium Silver threads Fittonia spp Silver vine Actinidia polygama Silver weed Potentilla spp Slipper plant Calceolaria spp Smoke tree, American Cotinus spp Smoke tree, American Rhus cotinoides Smooth bouvardia Bouvardia glaberrima Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Snow bush Breynia disticha Snowball Alternanthera spp Snowball bush Viburnum spp Snowball, Chinese Viburnum macrocephalum Snowball, Japanese Viburnum plicatum Snowball, prarie Abronia fragrans Snowbell tree Halesia spp Snowberry, mountain Symphoricarpos spp Snowberry, western Symphoricarpos spp Society garlic Tulbaghia violacea Spanish bayonet Yucca spp Spanish bluebell Endymion hispanicus Spanish moss Tillandsia usneoides Sparaxis Sparaxis tricolor Speargrass Poa pratensis Spice berry Ardisia spp Spider aralia Dizygotheca elegantissima Spider flower Cleome spp Spider flower Hermocallis spp Spider flower Tibouchina spp Spider ivy Chlorophytum comosum Spider lily Hermocallis spp Spider plant Chlorophytum comosum Spiraea Astilbe japonica Spiraea, blue Caryopteris spp Spirea Spirea spp Split rock Dinteranthus wilmotianus Spotted dracaena Dracaena spp Spotted laurel Aucuba japonica variegated Spruce pine Pinus glabra Spruce tree Picea spp Squaw bush Viburnum spp Squill, Italain Endymion italicus Staghorn fern Platycerium spp Star jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides Star magnolia Magnolia stellata Star of Bethlehem Euphorbia pulcherrima Star rock Ariocarpus fissuratus Star rock Mammillaria fissurata Stargazer lily Lilium spp Statice Limonium spp Stephanotis Stephanotis floribunda Stock Matthiola incana Stone face Lithops spp Stone plant Lithops spp Stonecrop Sedum rubrotinctum Strawberry begonia Saxifraga spp Strawberry geranium Saxifraga spp Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo Strawflower Helichrysum bracteatum String of buttons Crassula rupestris String of hearts Ceropegia woodii Striped inch plant Callisia spp Sugar-pods Ceratonia siliqua Sun god Hymenoxys grandiflora Sundew Drosera or Droserae spp Sunflower Helianthus annuus Sunflower, Alpine Hymenoxys grandiflora Sunflower, mountain Hymenoxys grandiflora Swedish ivy Plectranthus australis Sweet alyssum Alyssum spp Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet rocket Hesperis spp Sweet viburnum Viburnum odoratissimum Sweet William phlox Phlox diuaricata Sweetberry Viburnum lentago Sword fern Polystichum munitum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore tree Platanus spp

T Common name Latin or scientific name Tahitian bridal veil Tradescantia multiflora Tea plant Viburnum spp Tea-berry Viburnum cassinoides Teddy bear plant or vine Cyanotis kewensis Temple bells Smithiantha cinnabarina Thatch palm Coccothrinax crinita Thorn apple Crataegus spp Thread palm Washingtonia spp Ti plant Cordyline terminalis Ti plant Dracaena terminalis Tiger lily Lilium spp Tomato tree Cyphomandra betacea Touch-me-not Impateins spp Touch-me-not Mimosa pudica Trailing begonia Cissus discolor Transvaal daisy Gerbera jamesoni Tree of kings Dracaena terminalis Trumpet vine Distictis buccinatoria Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree Spathodea campanulata

U Common name Latin or scientific name Umbrella plant Eriogonum umbellatum Umbrella tree Brassaia actinophylla Umbrella tree Magnolia tripetala Umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Urn plant Aechmea spp

V Common name Latin or scientific name Valerian, red Centranthus ruber Velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti Velvet leaf Kalanchoe beharensis Velvet plant Gynura aurantiaca Venus's hair Adiantum capillus Venus's hair fern Adiantum capillus Verbena Verbena spp (except Verbena hastata) Veronica Hebe spp Veronica Veronica spp Vervain Verbena spp (except Verbena hastata) Vetch, common Vicia sativa Viburnum Viburnum spp Violas (except for seeds) Viola spp Violets (except for seeds) Viola odorata

W Common name Latin or scientific name Wand flower Sparaxis tricolor Wandering Jenny Lysimachia nummularia Wandering Jew Zebrina pendula Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Water lily Nymphaea spp Watsonia Watsonia spp Wax flower Stephanotis floribunda Wax plant Hoya spp Wax rosette Echeveria spp Wax-leaf privet Ligustrum japonicum Weeping fig Ficus benjamina Weigela Weigela spp White ash Aegopodium podagraria White wax tree Ligustrum lucidium Wild grape Vitus californica Wild hyacinth Camassia spp Wild hyacinth Dichelostemma pulchellum Wild lantana Abronia spp Wild mustard Brassica spp Wild olive Halesia spp Wild olive Nyssa aquatica Wild olive Osmanthus americanus Wild pepper Vitex spp Wild strawberry Fragaria species Willow Salix spp Window plant Haworthia spp Wine grape Vitus vinifera Winter begonia Saxifraga ciliata Wintercress Barbarea spp Wood hyacinth Endymion spp

X Common name Latin or scientific name Xylosma Xylosma spp

Y Common name Latin or scientific name Yellow evening primrose Oenothera spp Yucca Yucca spp

Z Common name Latin or scientific name Zebra plant Aphelandra squarrosa Zebra plant Calathea zebrina Zebra plant Cryptanthus zonatus Zinnia Zinnia spp Zygocactus Schlumbergera bridgesii

Table 2. – Nontoxic Plants by Latin or Scientific Name

A Latin or scientific name Common name Abelia spp Abelia Abeliophyllum distichum Forsythia, white Abies balsamea Balsam tree Abies spp Fir tree Abronia fragrans Lantana, wild Abronia fragrans Snowball, prarie Abronia spp Wild lantana Abutilon theophrasti Abutilon hemp Abutilon theophrasti Velvet leaf Acanthus spp Acanthus Acanthus spp Artist's acanthus Acanthus spp Bear’s breech Acanthus spp Mountain acanthus Acer pseudoplantanas Mock plane Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Acer spp Maple tree Achimenes spp Magic flower Actinidia polygama Silver vine Adiantum capillus Venus's hair Adiantum capillus Venus's hair fern Adiantum decorum Maid fern Adiantum decorum Maidenhair fern Aechmea spp Urn plant Aechmea spp Living vase Aechmea marmorata Grecian vase Aechmea marmorata Billbergia Aegopodium podagraria Bishop's elder or Bishop's weed Aegopodium podagraria Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria White ash Aeschnanthus spp Pipe plant Aeschynanthus spp Basket plant or vine Aeschynanthus spp Bayberry Aeschynanthus spp Lipstick plant Aeschynanthus spp Lipstick vine Aglaonema modestum Chinese evergreen Aglaonema spp Aglaonema Aglaonema spp Silver evergreen Aglaonema spp Silver king Aglaonema spp Silver queen Aglianthemum scoparium Rush rose Ajuga remota or Ajuga reptans Ajuga Ajuga spp Carpet bugle Albizia Albizia Albizia julibrissin Mimosa Albizia julibrissin Silk tree Albizia julibrisson Acacia Alpinia mutica Orchid ginger Alpinia nutans Pink porcelain lily Alpinia nutans Shell flower Alpinia nutans Shell ginger Alternanthera spp Snowball Althaea rosea Hollyhock Alyssum spp Alyssum Alyssum spp Gold dust plant Alyssum spp Sweet alyssum Anredera cordifolia Madeira vine Antigonon leptopus Chain of love Antigonon leptopus Coral vine Antigonon leptopus Love vine Antigonon leptopus Mexican creeper Antigonon leptopus Mountain rose Antigonon leptopus Pink vine Antigonon leptopus Queen’s jewels Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon Aphelandra spp Aphelandra Aphelandra spp Fiery spike Aphelandra spp Saffron spike Aphelandra squarrosa Zebra plant Aponogeton senetralis Madagascar lace plant Aptenia cordifolia Baby sun rose Aptenia cordifolia Ice plant Aquilegia spp Columbine Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop pine Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk pine Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk island pine Arbutus menziesil Madrone Arbutus spp Manzanita Arbutus unedo Arbutus Arbutus unedo Cane apple Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree Arctostaphylos tomentosa Manzanita, woolly Ardisia spp Coral berry Ardisia spp Spice berry Aregelia spp Blushing bromeliad Aregelia spp Crimson cup Aregelia spp Fingernail plant Ariocarpus fissuratus Living rock Ariocarpus fissuratus Star rock Aronia spp Chokeberry Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri Asparagus fern Asparagus densiflorus cv sprengeri Emerald feather or Emerald fern Asparagus setaceus Asparagus fern Asplenium spp Mother fern Aspidistra elatior Cast iron plant Aspidistra spp Aspidistra Aspidistra spp Iron plant Asplenium bulbiferum Fern, hen and chickens Asplenium nidus Bird’s nest fern Asplenium nidus Fern, bird’s nest Asplenium spp Fern, king and queen Asplenium spp Fern, mother Asplenium spp Hen and chickens fern Asplenium spp King and queen fern Astilbe japonica Astilbe Astilbe japonica Spiraea Astrophytum asterias Silver dollar Astrophytum myriostigm, NOT to be Monkshood confused with Aconitum species Astrophytum spp Bishop’s cap Astrophytum spp Bishop’s hood Aucuba japonica Gold dust plant Aucuba japonica variegated Spotted laurel Azolla caroliniana Mosquito fern Azolla caroliniana Mosquito plant

B Latin or scientific name Common name Barbarea spp Wintercress Barbarea vulgaris Rocket Beaucarnea recurvata Bottle palm Begonia coccinea Angel wing begonia Begonia goegoensis Begonia, iron cross Begonia rex Merry Christmas Bellaperone gutta False hop Bellaperone gutta Mexican shrimp plant Bellaperone gutta Shrimp bush or Shrimp plant Bergenia cordifolia Elephant’s ear Betula spp Birch tree Billbergia spp Friendship plant Billbergia spp Marbled rainbow plant Billbergia spp Queen’s tears Billbergia spp Rainbow plant Bouvardia glaberrima Smooth bouvardia Brachychiton spp Bottle tree Brassaia actinophylla Australian umbrella tree Brassaia actinophylla Octopus tree Brassaia actinophylla Queen's umbrella tree Brassaia actinophylla Schefflera Brassaia actinophylla Umbrella tree Brassaia actionophylla Brassaia Brassica oleracea Cabbage kale Brassica oleracea Kale Brassica oleracea Ornamental cabbage Brassica oleracea Ornamental kale Brassica spp Wild mustard Breynia disticha Snow bush Briza maxima or Briza major Quaking grass, big Bromelia balansae Heart of flame Buddleia davidii Butterfly bush Buddleia davidii Buddleia

C Latin or scientific name Common name Cactaceae Cactus (except for thorns) Calamus rotang Rattan cane Calathea argyraea Silver calathea Calathea makoyana Brain plant Calathea makoyana Peacock plant Calathea makoyana Cathedral windows Calathea spp Calathea Calathea spp Maranta Calathea spp Rattlesnake plant Calathea zebrina Zebra plant Calceolaria spp Slipper plant Calendula officinalis Calendula Calendula officinalis Gold bloom Calendula spp Marigold Calliandra eriophylla Fairy duster Callicarpa americana French mulberry Callicarpa americana Mulberry, French Callicarpa spp Beauty berry Callisia spp Inch plant Callisia spp Striped inch plant Callistemon spp Callistemon Callistemon spp Bottlebrush Callistephus chinensis Aster, annual Calochortus spp Mariposa lily Calochortus spp Sego lily Camassia spp Wild hyacinth Camellia japonica Camellia Campanula spp Bellflower Campanula spp Campanula Campanula spp Canterbury bell Campanula spp Cloche Canna generalis Canna lily Cardiospermum halicacabum Balloon vine Cardiospermum halicacabum Heart pea Carpobrotus spp Icicle plant Carthamus tinctorius Safflower Carya spp Bitternut Carya spp Bitter pecan Carya spp Hickory Caryopteris spp Spiraea, blue Casimiroa edulis Mexican apple Castanea spp American chestnut Castanea spp Chestnut, sweet Castilleja spp Paint brush Castilleja spp Painted cup Catalpa spp Catalpa Cattleya spp Orchid Celosia spp Celosia Celosia spp Cockscomb Celosia spp Coxcomb Celtis australis Honeyberry Celtis sinensis Chinese hackberry Celtis spp Hackberry, common Centaurea cyanus Bachelor buttons Centaurea cyanus Blue bottle Centaurea cyanus Cornflower Centranthus ruber Valerian, red Centrosema virginianum Butterfly pea Ceratonia siliqua Carob Ceratonia siliqua Locust pods Ceratonia siliqua Sugar-pods Ceratonia siliqua Carob tree Cercidium microphyllum Palo verde Cercis canadensis Red bud Ceropegia woodii Hearts entangled Ceropegia woodii Hearts-on-a-string Ceropegia woodii Heart vine Ceropegia woodii Rosary bead plant Ceropegia woodii Rosary vine Ceropegia woodii String of hearts Chaenomeles spp Quince, flowering Chamaedorea elegans Dwarf palm Chamaedorea elegans Good luck palm Chamaedorea elegans Neanthebella Chamaedorea elegans Parlor palm Chamaedorea spp Bamboo palm Chlorophytum comosum Ribbon plant Chlorophytum comosum Spider ivy Chlorophytum comosum Spider plant Choisya ternata Mexican orange Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Areca palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Butterfly palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Cane palm Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Golden feather palm Cibotium spp Hawaiian tree fern Cibotium schiedei Mexican tree fern Cissus discolor Climbing begonia Cissus discolor Rex-begonia vine Cissus discolor Trailing begonia Cissus spp Begonia cissus Cistus spp Rock rose Clarkia amoena Fairwell-to-spring Clarkia amoena Godetia Clarkia spp Clarkia Clarkia spp Farewell to spring Clarkia spp Jodetia Cleome spp Cleome Cleome spp Spider flower Clerodendrum spp Bleeding heart Clerodendrum spp Pagoda flower Clerodendrum spp Bleeding heart vine Clianthus spp Clianthus Clintonia borealis Corn lily Clintonia uniflora Bride's bonnet Cobaeae scandens Cathedral bells Cobaeae scandens Cup-and-saucer vine Cobaeae scandens Mexican ivy Coccothrinax alta Fan palm Coccothrinax argentata Silver palm Coccothrinax argentea Broom palm Coccothrinax argentea Silver thatch Coccothrinax crinita Thatch palm Coleonema ericoides Breath-of-heaven Coleus spp Coleus Cordyline australis Cabbage tree Cordyline spp Cordyline Cordyline australis Palm lily Cordyline spp Dracaena Cordyline spp Dracaena, blue Cordyline spp Dracaena, fountain Cordyline spp Dracaena, giant Cordyline terminalis Good luck plant Cordyline terminalis Hawaiian good luck plant Cordyline terminalis Ti plant Coreopsis californica Coreopsis Cornus canadensis Bunchberry Cornus florida Dogwood, flowering Cornus nuttalii Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttalii Mountain dogwood Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass Cosmos spp Cosmos Cotinus spp Smoke tree, American Crassula arborscens Silver dollar Crassula argentea Baby jade Crassula rupestris Bead vine Crassula rupestris Buttons on a string Crassula rupestris Necklace vine Crassula rupestris Rosary plant Crassula rupestris Rosary vine Crassula rupestris String of buttons Crassula spp Crassula Crassula spp Jade plant/jade tree Crataegus spp Crataegus Crataegus spp Hawthorn Crataegus spp May bush Crataegus spp Thorn apple Crocus spp Crocus, spring blooming ONLY Crocus spp Dutch crocus, spring blooming ONLY Crossandra spp Crossandra Crossandra spp Firecracker flower Crotolaria ramosissima Crotolaria Cryptanthus lacerdae Silver star Cryptanthus zonatus Zebra plant Cucurbitaceae spp Gourd Cuphea hyssopifolia False heather Cuphea hyssopifolia Heather, Mexican Cuphea hyssopifolia Mexican heather Cuphea spp Firecracker plant Cupressus sempervirens Italian cypress Cyanotis kewensis Teddy bear plant or vine Cydonia oblonga Quince, common Cymbidium spp Orchid Cynanchum spp Cruel plant Cynanchum spp Mosquito plant Cyphomandra betacea Tomato tree Cyrtanthus spp Fire lily

D Latin or scientific name Common name Dahlia spp Dahlia Darlingtonia californica Cobra lily or Cobra plant Darlingtonia californica Pitcher plant Davallia canariensis Fern, deer's foot Davallia fejeensis Fern, hare Davallia fejeensis Fern, rabbit’s foot Davallia fejeensis Fern, squirrel’s foot Dichelostemma pulchellum Brodiaea Dichelostemma pulchellum Wild hyacinth Dietes spp African iris Dietes spp Fort knight lily Dimorphotheca pluvialis African daisy Dimorphotheca pluvialis Cape marigold Dinteranthus vanzylii Living stones Dinteranthus wilmotianus Split rock Dioscorea elephantipes Elephant’s foot Diosma ericoides Breath-of-heaven Distictis buccinatoria Trumpet vine Dizygotheca elegantissima Aralia Dizygotheca elegantissima False aralia Dizygotheca elegantissima Spider aralia Dracaena australis Fountain dracaena Dracaena australis Giant dracaena Dracaena australis Dracaena, giant Dracaena deremensis Dracaena, striped Dracaena deremensis Janet Craig plant Dracaena draco Dragon tree Dracaena fragrans Painted dragon lily Dracaena fragrans Cornplant Dracaena fragrans Cornstalk plant Dracaena fragrans Dragon lily, painted Dracaena goldieana Dracaena queen Dracaena goldieana Queen of dracaenas Dracaena marginata Madagascar dragon tree Dracaena sanderiana Lucky bamboo Dracaena sanderiana Ribbon plant Dracaena spp Dracaena Dracaena spp Dracaena, blue Dracaena spp Florida beauty Dracaena spp Gold dust dracaena Dracaena spp Spotted dracaena Dracaena terminalis Hawaiian good luck plant Dracaena terminalis Ti plant Dracaena terminalis Tree of kings Dracaena terminalis Good luck plant Drosera or Droserae spp Sundew Dryopteris marginalis Evergreen woodfern Dryopteris marginalis Leather leaf woodfern Duchesnea indica Indian strawberry Duchesnea indica Mock strawberry

E Latin or scientific name Common name Echeveria ispp Chicks and hens or Chickens and hens Echeveria spp Mexican rosettes Echeveria spp Mexican snowball Echeveria spp Plush plant Echeveria spp Chenille plant, maroon Echeveria spp Echeveria Echeveria spp Hen and chicks Echeveria spp Hens and chickens Echeveria spp Mother hen and chicks Echeveria spp Painted lady Echeveria spp Wax rosette Echeveria spp Mexican firecracker Echinacea spp Coneflower Echinacea spp Echinacea Echinacea spp Rudbeckia Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth Elaeagnus spp Silver berry Elaeagnus spp Russian olive Endymion hispanicus Spanish bluebell Endymion italicus Squill, Italain Endymion non-scriptus English bluebell Endymion spp Wood hyacinth Enterolobium cyclocarpum Elephant’s ear Epidendrum spp Orchid Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed Episcia cupreata Chocolate soldier Episcia dianthiflora Lace flower vine Episcia reptans Flame violet Episcia reptans Moss agate Eriogonum umbellatum Indian tobacco Eriogonum umbellatum Umbrella plant Eruca sativa Rocket Erysimum spp Mullein Escallonia spp Escallonia Eschscholzia californica California poppy Eucalyptus cordata Silver gum Eucalyptus dalrympleana Mountain gum Eugenia cyanocarpa Eugenia Euphorbia pulcherrima Christmas flower Euphorbia pulcherrima Christmas star Euphorbia pulcherrima Easter flower Euphorbia pulcherrima Flower of the Nativity Euphorbia pulcherrima Lobster plant Euphorbia pulcherrima Mexican flame tree or Mexican flameleaf Euphorbia pulcherrima Painted leaf Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Star of Bethlehem Euryops spp Euryops Exacum affine Exacum Exacum affine German violet Exacum affine Persian violet

F Latin or scientific name Common name Fagus spp Beech, American Fatsia japonica Fatsia Fatsia japonica Japanese aralia Fatsia japonica Japanese fatsia Fatsia japonica Palm, bigleaf Fatsia japonica Paper plant Fatsia japonica Bigleaf palm Fenestraria rhapalophylla Baby's toes Ficus benjamina Weeping fig Ficus benjamina Ficus Ficus carica Fig Ficus elastica Rubber plant Ficus elastica Rubber tree plant Ficus spp Fiddle leaf fig Ficus spp Fiddle leaf rubber plant Ficus spp Creeping fig Ficus spp Fig, climbing Fittonia spp Silver nerve Fittonia spp Silver threads Fittonia spp Fittonia Fittonia spp Nerve plant Forsythia spp Forsythia Forsythia spp Golden bells Fragaria species Wild strawberry Freesia spp Freesia Fritillaria spp Checker lily Fritillaria spp Fritillaria Fuchsia spp Fuchsia Fuchsia spp Lady's ear drops

G Latin or scientific name Common name Galtonia spp Hyacinth, summer Gardenia jasminoides Cape jasmine Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia Gazania spp Gazania Gerbera jamesoni Transvaal daisy Gerbera jamesonii African daisy Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera daisy Gesneria spp Firecracker Gesneria spp Cardinal flower Gesneria spp Helmet flower Gilia spp Cup and saucer plant Gloxinia perennis Canterbury-bell gloxinia Gloxinia perennis Gloxinia Godetia spp Godetia Graptopetalum paraguayense Mother-of-pearl plant Gynura aurantiaca Purple passion vine Gynura aurantiaca Velvet plant Gypsophila paniculata Baby’s breath

H Latin or scientific name Common name Halesia spp Olive, wild Halesia spp Silver bell Halesia spp Snowbell tree Halesia spp Wild olive Haworthia chalwinii Column of pearls Haworthia spp Window plant Haworthia margaritifera Pearl plant Hebe spp Veronica Hedychium coronarium Butterfly ginger Hedychium coronarium Butterfly lily Hedychium coronarium Ginger lily Hedychium coronarium Ginger, white Helianthus annuus Sunflower Helichrysum bracteatum Strawflower Helichrysum petiolatum Licorice plant Heliconia spp Firebird Heliconia spp Plantain, false Heliconia bihai Plantain, wild Heliconia psittacorum Parakeet flower Heliconia psittacorum Parrot's flower Heliconia humilis Lobster claw Hermocallis spp Day lily Hermocallis spp Spider lily Hermocallis spp Lily, spider Hermocallis spp Spider flower Hermocallis spp Basket lily Hermocallis spp Lily, Peruvian Hermocallis spp Lily, filmy Hesperis spp Sweet rocket Heuchera sanguinea Coral bells Heuchera sanguinea Heuchera Heuchera sanguinea Alumroot Hibiscus senensis Rose of China Hibiscus spp Althea Hibiscus spp China rose Hibiscus spp Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus spp Double rose of china Hibiscus spp Hawaiian hibiscus Hibiscus spp Hibiscus Hibiscus schizopetalus Japanese lantern Hibiscus sabdariffa Roselle Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon Hoheria glabrata Mountain ribbonwood Hosta spp Hosta Hosta spp Plantain lily Hoya spp Honey plant Hoya spp Hoya plant Hoya spp Wax plant Hoya spp Porcelain flower Hymenoxys grandiflora Alpine goldflower or Alpine sunflower Hymenoxys grandiflora Compass flower Hymenoxys grandiflora Mountain sunflower Hymenoxys grandiflora Old man of the mountains Hymenoxys grandiflora Sunflower, Alpine Hymenoxys grandiflora Sunflower, mountain Hymenoxys grandiflora Sun god Hypocyrta spp Goldfish plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Baby’s tears Hypoestes phyllostachya Flamingo plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Freckle face Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink dot Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink polka dot Hypoestes phyllostachya Pink splash plant Hypoestes phyllostachya Polka dot plant

I Latin or scientific name Common name Impatiens spp Lady slipper Impatients spp Balsam Impateins spp Touch-me-not Impatiens spp Buzy Lizzie Impatients spp Patience plant Impatients spp Impatients Impatiens or Impatients spp Patient Lucy Impatients spp Busy Lizzy Incarvillea spp Gloxinia, hardy Iresine spp Bloodleaf plant

J Latin or scientific name Common name Jacaranda procera Carob tree Jacaranda procera Jacaranda tree Jasminum rex Jasmine Jasminum sambac Pikake Justicia brandegeana Mexican shrimp plant Justicia brandegeana Shrimp bush or Shrimp plant

K Latin or scientific name Common name Kaempferia spp Peacock plant Kaempferia spp Resurrection lily Kalanchoe beharensis Velvet leaf Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Christmas kalanchoe Kalanchoe daigremontiana Good luck plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana Monkey plant Kalanchoe pinnata Air plant Kalanchoe pinnata Mother of millions Kalanchoe pinnata Mother of thousands Kalanchoe pinnata (not the Mother-in-law plant Sansevieria spp) Kalanchoe spp Fire ball plant Kalanchoe spp Good luck leaf Kalanchoe spp Kalanchoe Kalanchoe spp Living plant Kalanchoe spp Maternity plant Kalanchoe spp Mexican love plant Kalanchoe spp Miracle leaf Kalanchoe spp Multiplication plant Kalanchoe spp Plush plant Kalanchoe tomentosa Panda plant Kalanchoe tomentosa Panda bear plant Kalanchoe uniflora Coral bells Kniphofia spp Lily, torch Kniphofia spp Poker plant Kniphofia spp Red hot poker Kohleria lindeniana Kohleria Kolkwitzia amabilis Beauty bush L

Latin or scientific name Common name Lachenalia lilacina Leopard lily Lagenaria siceraria Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Dipper gourd Lagerstroemia indica Crape myrtle or crepe myrtle Lagurus ovatus Rabbit’s tail grass Lagurus ovatus Hare's tail Lampranthus spp Ice plant Lavandula officinalis Lavender Lavandula spp English lavender Lavandula spp French lavender Leea spp China doll Leucocrinum montanum May flowers Liatris spp Blazing star Liatris spp Deer's tongue Liatris spp Liatris Ligustrum japonica Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum Wax-leaf privet Ligustrum lucidium White wax tree Ligustrum lucidum Privet, Chinese Ligustrum lucidum Privet, glossy Ligustrum lucidum Privet, tree Ligustrum lucidum Privet, wax-leaf Lilium longiflorum Easter lily Lilium longiflorum Lily, Easter Lilium asiatic Lily, asiatic Lilium spp Lily, casa blanca Lilium spp Casa blanca lily Lilium spp Lily, cascade Lilium spp Lily, Japanese Lilium spp Lily, Japanese showy Lilium spp Lily, Marco Polo Lilium spp Lily, Oriental Lilium spp Stargazer lily Lilium spp Lily, stargazer Lilium spp Lily, tiger Lilium spp Tiger lily Lilium spp Lily, regal Lilium spp Lily, Formosa Lilium spp Lily, coral Lilium spp Orange cup Lilium spp Lily, western Lilium spp Lily, wood Limonium spp Statice Linum grandiflorum Flowering flax Liquidambar styraciflua Liquidambar tree Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua American sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua Red gum Liriodendron chinense Chinese tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree Liriope japonica Mondo grass Liriope muscari Border grass Lithops spp Living stone Lithops spp Lithops Lithops spp Stone face or Stone plant Lithops spp Marble plant Livistonia chinesis Fan palm Lobularia maritima Alyssum, sweet Lonicera fragrantissima Honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima Breath of spring Lunaria annua Honesty plant Lunaria annua Money plant Lychis chalcedonica London pride Lycopodium spp Moss, club Lynchnis coronaria Dusty miller Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny or Creeping Joan Lysimachia nummularia Wandering Jenny M Latin or scientific name Common name Macadamia spp Australian nut Macadamia spp Macadamia nut Macademia spp Queensland nut Magnolia spp Magnolia Magnolia stellata Star magnolia Magnolia stellata Magnolia bush Magnolia tripetala Umbrella tree Magnolia x soulangiana Saucer magnolia Mahonia aquifolium Oregon grape or Oregon holly Mahonia spp Mahonia Maianthemum kamtschaticum False lily of the valley Mammillaria elongata Golden stars Mammillaria compressa Mexican pincushion cactus Mammillaria compressa Mother of hundreds Mammillaria fissurata Living rock Mammillaria fissurata Star rock Mandevilla spp Mandevilla vine Manettia bicolor Firecracker plant or vine Maranta leuconeura Prayer plant Maranta leuconeura Rabbit’s foot Maranta spp Amylum Maranta spp Arrowroot Maranta spp Maranta Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern Matthiola incana Stock Matthiola longipetala Perfume plant Maurandia spp Creeping gloxinia Melissa offinalis Common balm Melissa offinalis Lemon balm Mesembryanthemum cordifolium Baby sun rose Mesembryanthemum cordifolium Ice plant Mikania apiifolia Plush vine Mimosa pudica Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica Touch-me-not Moluccella spp Bells of Ireland Molucella spp Balm Molucella spp Shell flower Montia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Morus spp Fruitless mulberry Morus spp Mulberry tree or bush Morus spp Mulberry, fruitless Muehlenbeckia complexa Maidenhair vine Muehlenbeckia complexa Necklace vine Musa acuminata Plantain Muscari spp Grape hyacinth Muscari spp Muscari Myosotis spp Forget-me-not Myrrhis odorata Anise Myrica californica California bayberry Myrica californica California wax myrtle Myrica pensylvanica Bayberry Myrica pensylvanica Candleberry Myrtus communis Common myrtle

N Latin or scientific name Common name Nandina domestica Bamboo bush Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo Nandina domestica Nandina bush Nandina domestica Sacred bamboo Neoragelia spp Aregelia Neoregelia spp Blushing bromeliad Neoregelia spp Crimson cup Neoregelia spp Fingernail plant Nephrolepis spp Boston fern Nothofagus spp Black beech Nymphaea odorata Pond lily Nyctanthes arbortristis Night jasmine Nymphaea spp Water lily Nyssa aquatica Cottongum tree Nyssa aquatica Wild olive

O Latin or scientific name Common name Oenothera spp Evening primrose Oenothera spp Mexican evening primrose Oenothera spp Rock rose Oenothera spp Yellow evening primrose Oenothera spp Rose of Mexico Oncidium spp Orchid Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Silver thistle Oryzopsis hymenoides Silk grass Osmanthus americanus Wild olive Osmanthus americanus American olive Osmanthus heterophyllus Chinese holly Osmanthus heterophyllus False holly Osmorhiza longistylis Anise root

P Latin or scientific name Common name Pelargonium citrosum Mosquito plant Pelargonium spp Geranium Pellaea rotundifolia Button fern Peperomia spp Peperomia Petunia spp Petunia Phacelia sericea California bluebell Phacelia sericea Scorpion weed Philadelphus spp Mock orange Phlox diuaricata Sweet William phlox Phlox spp Flocks Phlox spp Flox Phlox spp Phlox Phoenix canariensis Canary date palm Phoenix spp Palm, date (except for thorns) Photina spp (except arbutifolia) Photina (except arbutifolia which is toxic) Photinia glabra Japanese photina Photinia glabra Photinia, Japanese Phyllostachys aurea Bamboo, common Picea spp Spruce tree Pilea spp Artillery plant Pilea cadierei Aluminum plant Pilea involucrate Friendship plant Pilea nummulariifolia Creeping charlie Pilea spp Pilea Pinus spp Pine tree Pinus glabra Cedar pine Pinus glabra Spruce pine Pittosporum spp Pittosporum Pittosporum tobira Australian laurel Pittosporum tobira Mock orange Plantago major Plantago Plantago major Plantain, broad-leaved Platanus occidentalis Plane tree Platanus acerifolia London plane tree Platanus spp Sycamore tree Platycerium angolense Elephant’s ear fern Platycerium spp Elk's horn Platycerium spp Queen elkhorn Platycerium spp Staghorn fern Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon flower Platycodon grandiflorus Bell flower Plectranthus australis Creeping charlie Plectranthus australis Swedish ivy Plectranthus oetendahlii Candle plant Plectranthus oetendahlii Plectranthus Pleiospilos spp Living stone Pleiospilos spp Mimicry plant Pleomele reflexa Dracaena, Malaysian Pleomele thaliodes Dracaena, lance Pleroma spp Glory bush Pleroma spp Lasiandra Poa pratensis June grass Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis Speargrass Polystichum munitum Sword fern Polystichum spp Christmas dagger fern Populus spp Cottonwood Populus spp Aspen Portulaca grandiflora Moss rose Portulaca oleracea Portulaca Portulaca oleracea Purslane Portulacaria afra Jade plant Potentilla spp Cinquefoil Potentilla spp Potentilla Potentilla spp Silver weed Protea mellifera Honey flower Protea spp Protea Pseudotsuga spp Fir tree Pterospora andromedea Giant bird's nest Pyracantha spp Firethorn (except for thorns) Pyracantha spp Pyracantha (except for thorns)

Q Latin or scientific name Common name Quesnelia spp Billbergia

R Latin or scientific name Common name Radermachera sinica China doll Radermachera sinica Evergreen plant Raphia farinifera Raffia Raphia farinifera Sago Raphiolepsis indica Indian hawthorn Raphiolepsis indica Raphiolepsis Ratibida columnaris Mexican hat Rechsteineria cardinalis Cardinal flower Rhapis spp Lady palm Rhapis spp Palm, tufted fan Rhus cotinoides Smoke tree, American Romneya coulteri Matilija poppy Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Rose (except for thorns) Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Rosehips (berries) Rosa spp (except for Rosa rugose) Hip berries Rubus spp June berry Rudbeckia spp Rudbeckia Rudbeckia purpurea Cone flower, purple Rudbergia grandiflora Mountain sunflower Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, iron Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, leather Rumohra adiantiformis Fern, leatherleaf

S Latin or scientific name Common name Saintpaulia ionantha African violet Salix discolor Pussy willow Salix spp Willow Salvia columbariae Chia Salvia spp Salvia Salvia spp Sage Sanvitalia spp Creeping zinnia Saxifraga cordifolia Elephant's ear Saxifraga spp Saxifraga Saxifraga spp Strawberry begonia Saxifraga spp Strawberry geranium Saxifraga ciliata Winter begonia Saxifraga stolonifera Mother of thousands Scabiosa spp Pincushion flower Scabiosa spp Scabiosa Schefflera arboricola Dwarf schefflera Schefflera spp Schefflera Schefflera actinophylla Australian umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Octopus tree Schefflera actinophylla Umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Queensland umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Queen's umbrella tree Schizanthus spp Butterfly flower Schlumbergera bridgesii Christmas cactus Schlumbergera bridgesii Zygocactus Sedum morganianum Donkey’s-tail Sedum morganianum Horse’s tail Sedum morganianum Burro’s tail Sedum morganianum Lamb’s tail Sedum multiceps Joshua tree Sedum pachyphyllum Jelly beans Sedum rubrotinctum Stonecrop Sedum sieboldii October plant Sedum sieboldii Daphne, October Sedum spp Sedum Sedum stahlii Coral beads Sedum telephium Live forever Sedum weinbergii Mother-of-pearl plant Sedum weinbergii Ghost plant Selaginella lepidophylla Resurrection plant Sempervivum tectorum Hen and chicks Sempervivum tectorum Chicks and hens Senecio cineraria Dusty miller Silene acaulis Campion Silene acaulis Maiden’s tears Silene acualis Campion, moss or mossy Silene acualis Cushion pink Sinningia cardinalis Cardinal flower Sinningia cardinalis Helmet flower Sinningia pusilla Cinderella slippers Sinningia speciosa Bright eyes Sinningia speciosa Gloxinia Smilax gluaca Sarsaparilla, wild Smithiantha cinnabarina Temple bells Smithiantha multiflora Naegelia Soleirolia soleirolii Angel’s tears Soleirolia soleirolii Irish moss Soleirolia soleirolii Peace in the home Soleirolia soleirolii Baby’s tears Soleirolia soleirolii Creeping nettle Sorbus spp Ash, mountain Sparaxis tricolor Sparaxis Sparaxis tricolor Wand flower Spathodea campanulata Tulip tree Sphaeropteris medullaris Sago fern Spirea spp Spirea Spuria spp Butterfly iris Stachy spp Lamb’s ears Stephanotis floribunda Bride’s flower Stephanotis floribunda Clustered wax flower Stephanotis floribunda Stephanotis Stephanotis floribunda Wax flower Streptocarpus spp Cape primrose Strongylodon macrobotrys Jade vine Styrax japonica Japanese snowbell Symphoricarpos spp Snowberry, mountain Symphoricarpos spp Snowberry, western Syringa spp Lilac Syzygium cuminii Eugenia

T Latin or scientific name Common name Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Lion's tooth Tecomaria capensis Cape honeysuckle Thea japonica Camellia Thunbergia alata Black-eyed susan vine Tibouchina spp Glory bush Tibouchina spp Lasiandra Tibouchina spp Spider flower Tilia americana Linden tree Tillandsia usneoides Spanish moss Tithonia spp Mexican sunflower Tolmiea menziesii Curiosity plant Tolmiea menziesii Mother of thousands Tolmiea menziesii Piggyback plant Townsendia sericea Aster, giant Trachelospermum jasminoides Star jasmine Tradescantia multiflora Tahitian bridal veil Tradescantia reginae Queen's spiderwort Tradescantia navicularis Chain plant Tropaeolum spp Nasturtium Tsuga spp (do NOT confuse with toxic Hemlock tree Conium or Cicuta species!) Tulbaghia violacea Society garlic Typha latifolia Cat tail

V Latin or scientific name Common name Valerianella locusta Lamb's lettuce Veitchia merrillii Dwarf royal palm Verbascum spp Mullein Verbena spp (except Verbena hastata) Verbena

Verbena spp (except Verbena hastata) Vervain

Veronica spp Veronica Viburnum cassinoides Tea-berry Viburnum lentago Sweetberry Viburnum macrocephalum Snowball, Chinese Viburnum odoratissimum Sweet viburnum Viburnum plicatum Snowball, Japanese Viburnum spp Snowball bush Viburnum spp Squaw bush Viburnum spp Tea plant Viburnum spp Viburnum Viburnum spp Alder, black Vicia sativa Vetch, common Viola cornuta Johnny jump up (except for seeds) Viola odorata Violets (except for seeds) Viola spp Violas (except for seeds) Viola tricolor Pansy (except for seeds) Vitex spp Sage tree Vitex spp Wild pepper Vitus californica Wild grape Vitus californica Grape, wild Vitus vinifera Wine grape Vitus vinifera European grape Vitus vinifera Grape Vriesea hieroglyphica Bromeliad king Vriesea carinata Lobster claws Vriesea carinata Painted feather Vriesea splendens Flaming sword

W Latin or scientific name Common name Washingtonia spp Palm, desert fan Washingtonia spp Mexican fan palm Washingtonia spp Thread palm Watsonia spp Watsonia Weigela spp Weigela

X Latin or scientific name Common name Xylosma spp Xylosma Y Latin or scientific name Common name Yucca brevifolia Joshua tree Yucca spp Dagger plant Yucca spp Spanish bayonet Yucca spp Yucca

Z Latin or scientific name Common name Zanthosoma lindeni Indian kale Zebrina pendula Inch plant Zebrina pendula Wandering Jew Zinnia spp Zinnia

TOXIC PLANTS

Introduction Plants are considered poisonous if they can cause some type of negative reaction from the exposure. Reactions can range from mild to serious, depending on the amount of the exposure. Some plants cause only a red itchy rash. Some plants cause vomiting and diarrhea. But some plants can be very dangerous and have effects on the heart, liver or kidneys.

Each situation is unique. Reactions to plants can depend on factors such as the age and size of the patient, health factors such as allergies and the amount of the exposure. Always call the poison center for up-to-the-minute treatment advice.

In general, plants considered poisonous to humans are likely to be poisonous to animals as well. Animals tend to eat larger amounts than humans so they may get sicker than humans from eating plants.

It is essential to know the names of the plants in your house and in your yard. Keep the name tags that come with new plants attached for future identification. If your child is being cared for at a relative’s house or daycare, it is important to know if they have dangerous plants to which your child could be exposed.

You must have a name of the plant (either the common name or the Latin (scientific) name) to get the most reliable specific information. Poison center staff cannot identify plants over the phone from the description of the plant. There are over 1000,000 species of plants. A call to the poison center about an unknown plant described as having big shiny green leaves is not enough information to know what the plant is. If you do not know the name of the plant, take the plant or a part of the plant with leaves, berries or flowers to a reputable plant nursery for a positive identification. Try to get the common name and the Latin scientific name. Then call the California Poison Control System at 1-800-222-1222 for more help.

This is a guide to dangerous plants but it should not be used as a substitute for calling the poison center if a person or an animal has eaten a plant. The California Poison Control System is available 24 hours a day at 1-800-222-1222. If you are not in California, calling 1-800-222-1222 will connect you to your nearest poison control center.

HOW TO USE THIS TOXIC PLANT LIST An alphabetical list of the more common toxic plants, flowers, shrubs and trees follows. This list is in two parts. The first list is alphabetical by common name and the second list is alphabetical by Latin or scientific name.

Look at the list and see which number is in the last column. Read the rating information guide below to see how the plant is dangerous.

TOXIC PLANT RATING GUIDE Rating Definition What this means 1 Dermal Skin contact with these plants can cause symptoms ranging from redness, itching, and rash to painful blisters like skin burns. 2a Oxalates- The juice or sap of these plants contains tiny oxalate crystals that fast onset are shaped like tiny needles. Chewing on these plants can cause immediate pain and irritation to the lips, mouth and tongue. In severe cases, they may cause breathing problems by causing swelling in the throat. 2b Oxalates- These plants also contain oxalate crystals but they do not cause late onset immediate problems. These plants have tiny crystals that lodge in the kidneys and can cause kidney damage as well as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. 3 Moderate Ingestion of these plants is expected to cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms that may cause illness but is not life-threatening. 4 Major Ingestion of these plants, especially in large amounts, is expected to cause serious effects to the heart, liver, kidneys or brain. If ingested in any amount, call the poison center immediately.

WHAT TO DO FOR A PLANT POISONING • Do NOT induce vomiting. • Remove any plant parts from the mouth or hands. • Wash around the mouth and hands and give a few sips of water. • Check for any irritation of the skin, mouth or tongue. • Call the California Poison Control System at 1-800-222-1222 • Even if you are not sure, call the poison center for help. It will not be as waste of time. • Do not wait for symptoms to appear. Treatment will be more difficult once symptoms have developed. • If you are advised to go to the hospital, take the plant or part of the plant with you.

Table 3. Toxic Plants by Common Name

A Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Absinth Artemesia absinthium 4 Acacia palida Leucaena leucocephala 4 Acacia, black Robinia pseudoacacia 4 Acacia, false Robinia pseudoacacia 4 Aconite Aconitium napellus 4 Acorn Quercus spp 1,3 Adam-and-Eve Arum maculatum 1,2a African lily Agapanthus spp 1 Agapanthus Agapanthus spp 1 Agapanthus, pink Nerine bowdenii 3 Alder tree Alnus spp 1 Allamanda, pink or purple Cryptostegia grandiflora 4 Allamanda, wild Urechites spp 4 Allium Allium sativum 1,3 Alocasia Alocasia spp 2a Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis 1,3 Alstroemeria Alstroemeria aurantiaca 1,3 Amaryllis Amaryllis spp 3 Amaryllis Hippeastrum spp 3 Amaryllis belladonna Amaryllis belladonna 3 American valerian Cypripedium calceolus 1 Amethyst flower Browallia spp 1 Anemone Anemone spp 1,3 Angel wings Caladium 2a Angel’s trumpet Datura spp 4 Angelica Angelica archangelica 1,4 Angel's tears Narcissus triandrus 1,3 Anthurium Anthurium spp 2a Apple (chewed seeds) Malus spp 4 Apple (chewed seeds) Pyrus sylvestris 4 Apple of Peru Datura stramonium 4 Apple, balsam Momordica balsamina 3 Apricot (chewed pits) Prunus armeniaca 4 Apricot vine Passiflora incarnata 4 Archangel Angelica archangelica 1,4 Arnica Arnica spp 1,4 Arrowhead vine Syngonium podophyllum 2a Arum Arum spp 1,2a Ash, American Fraxinus americana 1 Ash, European Fraxinus excelsior 1 Asthma plant or weed Chamaesyce hirta 1 Asthma plant or weed Euphorbia hirta 1 Asthma weed Lobelia inflata 1,4 Atamasco lily Zephyranthes atamasco 1,3 Avocado (leaves, stems, seeds) Persea americana 4 Azalea Rhododendron genus 4 B Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Baltic ivy Hedera helix 1,3 Baneberry Actaea rubra 1,4 Barbados flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima 3 Barbados pride Caesalpinia spp 3 Barbados pride Poinciana gelliesii 3 Barberry Berberis spp 4 Basket flower Centaurea americana 1,3 Basket lily Hymenocallis americana 3 Be still tree Thevetia peruviana 4 Bean tree Cytisus laburnum 4 Bean tree Laburnum spp 4 Beech, European Fagus sylvatica 3 Beech, Japanese Fagus crenta 3 Beech, ornamental Fagus sylvatica 3 Belladonna Atropa belladonna 4 Belladonna lily Amaryllis belladonna 3 Bindweed Alystegia sepium 1,3 Bird of paradise Caesalpinia gilliesii 3 Bird of paradise Poinciana gilliesii 3 Birdsfoot ivy Hedera helix 1,3 Bishop's weed Ammi majus 1 Bitter almond Prunus dulcis 4 Bitter orange Citrus aurantium 1 Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemosa 4 Black eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 1 Black henbane Hyoscyamus niger 4 Black oak Quercus velutina 1,3 Black-eyed Susan Abrus precatorius 4 Bleeding heart Dientra formosa 1,4 Blood flower or Blood lily Haemanthus coccineus 3 Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis 3 Blue bonnet Lupinus spp 4 Blue buttons Vinca major 4 Blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides 1,4 Blue gum tree Eucalyptus globulus 3 Boston ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata 2a, 2b Bougainvillea Bougainvillea spp 1 Box thorn Lycium halimifolium 4 Boxwood Buxus sempervirens 1,4 Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum 4 Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana 1 Breadfruit vine Monstera deliciosa 2a Bridesmaid Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Broom bush Retama raetam 4 Buckeye Aesculus spp 3 Buckhorn Osmunda cinnamonea 3 Buckthorn Karwinski humboltiana 4 Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica 4 Burning bush Dictamnus albus 1 Burning bush Euonymus atropurpurea 3 Burning bush Kochia scoparia 1, 2a, 2b Buttercup Ranunculus spp 1,3 Butterfly iris Iris spuria 1,3 Butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa 4 Butternut Juglans cinerea 1 C Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Caffre lily Clivia miniata 3 Caladium Caladium 2a Caladium Colocasia esculenta 2a Calico flower Aristolochia elegans 4 California buckeye Aesculus californica 3 California live oak Quercus agrifolia 1,3 Calla lily Zantedeschia spp 2a Calycanthus (seeds) Calycanthus spp 4 Camomile Anthemis cotula 1 Camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora 4 Camus, white Zigadenus elegans 4 Candle berry tree Aleurites moluccana 1,3 Candle plant Senecio articulatus 4 Candleberry Myrica cerifera 1 Candleberry tree Jatropha molucanna 1,3 Candlenut oil tree Jatropha molucanna 1,3 Candlenut oil tree Aleurites moluccana 1,3 Cape belladonna Amaryllis belladonna 3 Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis 1,4 Carnation Dianthus spp 1 Carolina allspice (seeds) Calycanthus spp 4 Carolina jasmine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Carolina jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Carolina moonseed Cocculus carolinus 4 Carolina pink Spigelia marilandica 4 Carolina wild woodbine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Caroline yellow jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Cascara Rhamus purshiana 4 Cassava Jatropha manihot 4 Castor bean Ricinus communis 4 Catnip Nepeta cataria 3 Cat's claw Pithecellobium unguis-cati 1 Caustic weed Euphorbia drummondii 1,3 Cayenne pepper Capsicum spp 1,3 Cedar Juniperus virginia 1,3 Century plant Agave americana 1,3 Cestrum, day blooming Cestrum diurnum 4 Chalice vine Solandra longiflora 4 Chamomile Anthemis cotula 1 Chapparal leaf Larrea tridentate 4 Chenille plant Acalypha hispida 1,3 Cherry (chewed pits) Prunus spp 4 Cherry laurel Laurocerasus officinalis 4 Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus 4 Cherry pepper Capsicum spp 1,3 Cherry tomato (green parts) Lycopersicon lycopersicum 4 Cherry tomato (green parts) Physalis peruviana 4 Cherry, bitter (chewed seeds) Prunus emarginata 4 Cherry, wild (chewed seeds) Prunus serotina 4 Chicken weed Euphorbia thymifolia 1 Chili pepper Capsicum spp 1,3 Chinaberry Melia azedarach 4 Chinese lantern Abutilon hybridum 1 Chinese lantern plant Physalis alkekengi 4 Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum 1,3 Chokecherry (chewed seeds) Prunus virginiana 4 Christmas berry (leaves) Photinia arbutifolia 4 Christmas berry tree Schinus terebinthifolius 1 Christmas candle Euphorbia tithymaloides 3 Christmas candle Pedilanthus spp 1,3 Christmas orange Solanum capsicastrum 4 Christmas rose Helleborus niger 4 Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Cinnamonwood Sassafras spp 4 Citronella grass Cymbopogon nardus 1 Clematis Clematis spp 1,3 Clivia Clivia miniata 3 Clover pink Dianthus caryophyllus 1 Clover, sweet white Melilotus alba 4 Clover, sweet yellow Melilotus officinalis 4 Cocklebur Xanthium spp 1,3 Coffee bean Sesbania vesicaria 4 Coffee tree Polyscias guilfoyei 1,3 Coffeeberry Rhamnus californica 3 Cohosh Actaea spicata 1,4 Cola nut Cola nitida 4 Colchicine Colchicum autumnale 4 Colocasia Colocasia esculenta 2a Comfrey Symphytum officinale 4 Coral beads Cocculus carolinus 4 Coral bean Erythrina spp 4 Coral berry Rivina humilis 3 Coral berry Symphoricarpus spp 3 Coral plant Jatropha multifida 4 Coralberry Actaea spicata 1,4 Coriaria Coriaria spp 4 Corn lily Veratrum spp 4 Cotoneaster Cotoneaster spp 4 Cow parsley Heracleum sphondylium 1 Cow parsnip Heracleum sphondylium 1 Cowbane Cicuta maculata 4 Cowslip Caltha palustris 1,3 Cowslip Primula veris 1 Crabapple (chewed seeds) Malus baccata 4 Crabapple (chewed seeds) Pyrus sylvestris 4 Crabapple, flowering Malus ioensis 4 Crabapple, ornamental (chewed seeds) Pyrus floribunda 4

Creeping charlie Glechoma hederacea 3 Creeping charlie Nepeta hederacea 3 Creosote bush Larrea tridentate 4 Crocus, autumn Colchicum autumnale 4 Crocus, fall Colchicum autumnale 4 Crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 4 Croton Codiaeum spp 1 Croton Croton tiglium 1,4 Crown of thorns Euphorbia milii 1,3 Crown plant Calotropis gigantea 4 Crown vetch Coronilla varia 1 Cruel plant Araujia sericifera 1,3 Cultivated tobacco Nicotiana tabacum 4 Curly dock Rumex crispus 1,2b Cycads Cycadaceae family 4 Cycads Zamia spp 4 Cycas Cycas spp 4 Cycas Zamia spp 4 Cyclamen Cyclamen spp 3 Cyperus Cyperus spp 4 D Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Daffodil (bulb) Narcissus spp 1,3 Daisy Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Daphne Daphne mezereum 1,4 Datura Datura spp 4 Day blooming cestrum Cestrum diurnum 4 Day blooming jessamine Cestrum diurnum 4 Dead man fingers Oenantha crocata 4 Deadly hemlock Conium maculatum 4 Deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna 4 Deadly nightshade Solanum spp 4 Death camus Zigadenus or Zygadenus spp 4 Delphinium Delphinium spp 4 Desert rose Adenium obesum 4 Devil weed Datura stamonium 4 Devil’s backbone Kalanchoe daigremontiana 4 Devil’s backbone Pedilanthus tithymaloides 1,3 Devil’s bit Chamaelirium luteum 3 Devil’s darning needle Clematis virginiana 1,3 Devil’s ivy Epipremnum aureum 2a Devil’s ivy Scindapsus aureus 2a Devil’s tongue Amorphophallus rivieri 1,2a Devil's apple Datura stramonium 4 Devil's apple Solanum dulcamara 4 Devil's backbone Euphorbia tithymaloides 3 Devil's tobacco Lobelia tupa 4 Devils tomato Solanum eleagnifolium 4 Devil's trumpet Datura stramonium 4 Devils’ ear Arisaema triphyllum 1,2a Dieffenbachia Dieffenbachia spp 2a Dock Rumex spp 2b Dog fennel Anthemis cotula 1 Dogwood, bloodtwig Cornus sanguinea 1 Dolls-eyes Actaea spicata 1,4 Donkeytail Euphorbia myrsinites 1,3 Dragon lily or Dragon plant Dracunculus vulgaris 2a Dragon root Arisaema spp 2a Dragon tail Arisaema dracontium 2a Dumb plant Dieffenbachia spp 2a Dumbcane Dieffenbachia spp 2a Dusty miller Senecio spp 4 E Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Easter flower Anemone patens 1,3 Easter rose Helleborus niger 4 Eastern poison oak Rhus quercifolium 1 Eastern poison oak Toxicodendron quercifolium 1 Elderberry (all but ripe berries) Sambucus spp 3 Elephant garlic Allium ampeloprasum 1,3 Elephant’s ear philodendron Philodendron hastatum 2a Elephant’s foot Elephantopus scaber 4 Elephant's ear Alocasia 1,2a Elephant's ear Caladium 2a Elephant's ear Colocasia esculenta 2a English holly Ilex spp 3 English laurel Laurocerasus officinalis 4 English laurel Prunus laurocerasus 4 English yew Taxus baccata 4 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus 3 Euonymus Euonymus spp 3 F Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating False Jerusalem cherry Solanum capsicastrum 4 False parsley Aethusa cynapium 4 False parsley Cicuta maculata 4 False poinciana Daubentonia punicea 4 False poinciana Sesbania punicea 4 False Queen Anne’s lace Ammi majus 1 Fiddle flower Euphorbia tithymaloides 3 Fiddleflower Pedilanthus tithymaloides 1,3 Fiddleheads Osmunda cinnamonea 3 Fiddleleaf philodendron Philodendron bipennifolium 2a Filbert Corylus spp 1 Fire cracker plant Aesculus pavia 3 Fire fern Oxalis spp 2b Fire lily Hippeastrum amaryllis 3 Fireball or Firebush Kochia scoparia 1, 2a, 2b Fire-dragon Acalypha wilkesiana 3 Fishtail palm Solanum aculeatissimum 4 Flag Iris spp 1,3 Flag lily Iris versicolor 1,3 Flamingo flower Anthurium scherzeranum 2a Flax Linium spp 4 Flax olive Daphne spp 1,4 Fleur-de-lis Iris germanica 1,3 Flowering almond Prunus spp 4 Flowering cherry Prunus spp 4 Flowering crabapple (chewed seeds) Malus ioensis 4 Flowering crabapple (chewed seeds) Pyrus ioensis 4 Flowering maple Abutilon hybridum 1 Flowering plum Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' 4 Flying saucers Ipomoea tricolor 4 Fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium 4 Four o'clock (seeds) Mirabilis jalapa 1,3 Foxglove Digitalis purpurea 4 Foxtail Acalypha hispida 1,3 Foxtail Equisetum spp 4 Fragrance of the night Cestrum nocturnum 4 Fraxinella Dictamnus albus 1 Fruit salad plant Monstera deliciosa 2a G Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Garland flower Dapne cneorum 1,4 Garlic Allium sativum 1,3 Gelsemium Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Geranium, California Senecio petasitis 4 Geranium, velvet Senecio petasitis 4 Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba 1,4 Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba 1,4 Ginseng Panax pseudoginseng 4 Glacier lily Erythronium grandiflorum 1,3 Gladiola Gladiola 3 Gloriosa lily Gloriosa superba 4 Glory lily Gloriosa superba 4 Golden buttons Tanacetum vulgare 1,3 Golden pothos Epipremnum aureum 2a Golden pothos Scindapsus aureus 2a Golden ragwort Senecio aureus 4 Golden rain Cassia spp 3 Golden seal Hydrastis canadensis 4 Good luckleaf or plant Oxalis deppei 2b Gopher plant Euphorbia lathyrus 1,3 Gordoloba Achillea millefolium 1,3 Gotu kola Hydrocotyle spp 1,4 Green dragon Arisaema dracontium 2a Green dragon Datura stramonium 4 Green hellebore Veratrum viride 4 Green ripples Hedera helix 1,3 H Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Habanero pepper Capsicum spp 1,3 Hawaiian baby woodrose (seeds) Argyreia nervosa 4 Hawaiian poppy Argemone glauca 4

Hawaiian prickly poppy Argemone glauca 4 Hawaiian woodrose Merremia tuberose 4 Hazelnut Corylus spp 1 Healing onion Ornithogalum caudatum 1,4 Heart-of-Jesus Caladium bicolor 2a Hearts and honey vine Ipomoea x multifida 4 Heath/Heather Calluna vulgaris 4 Heavenly blue Ipomoea spp 4 Heliotrope Heliotropium spp 4 Hellebore Helleborus niger 4 Hellebore Veratrum viride 4 Hells bells Datura stramonium 4 Helmet flower Aconitium napellus 4 Hemlock Conium maculatum 4 Hemlock, poison Conium maculatum 4 Hemlock, spotted Cicuta maculata 4 Hemlock, spotted Conium maculatum 4 Hemlock, water Cicuta maculata 4 Henbane Hyoscyamus spp 4 Holly (berry) Ilex spp 3 Hop, common Humulus lupulus 1 Hop, European Humulus lupulus 1 Hops, wild Bryonia spp 3 Horn-of-plenty Datura spp 4 Horse chestnut Aesculus spp 3 Horse poison Hippobroma longiflora 4 Horse willow Equisetum spp 4 Horseradish Armoracia rusticana 3 Horsetail Equisetum spp 4 Hyacinth (bulb) Hyacinthus orientalis 1,3 Hydrangea Hydrangea spp 4 Hypericum Hypericum perforatum 1,3 I Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Incense cedar Calocedrus decurrens 1 Indian aloe Aloe barbadensis 1,3 Indian apple Datura inoxia 4 Indian bead or bean Abrus precatorius 4 Indian bean Erythrina spp 4 Indian currant Symphoricarpos spp 3 Indian dye Hydrastis canadensis 4 Indian hemp Apocynum cannabinum 4? Indian paint Chenopodium capitatum 1 Indian paint Hydrastis canadensis 4 Indian paint brush Asclepias spp 4 Indian pink Dianthus chinensis 1 Indian pink Lobelia cardinalis 1,4 Indian pink Spigelia marilandica 4 Indian poke Phytolacca acinosa 3 Indian poke Veratrum viride 4 Indian rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora 4 Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata 1,4 Inkberry (pokeweed) Phytolacca americana 3 Ipomea Exogonium purga 3 Iris Iris spp 1,3 Irish shamrock Oxalis acetosella 2b Irish tops Cytisus scoparius 3 Irish tops Spartium scoparium 4 Iron wood Cassia siamea 4 Italian arum Arum italicum 2a Ivy Hedera spp 1,3 Ivy bush Kalmia latifolia 4 Ivy, Algerian Hedera canariensis 1 Ivy, Baltic Hedera helix 1,3 Ivy, California Hedera helix 1,3 Ivy, Canary Hedera canariensis 1 Ivy, common Philodendron scandens 2a Ivy, English Hedera helix 1,3 Ivy, Madeira Hedera canariensis 1 Ivy, parlor Philodendron scandens 2a Ivy, water Senecio mikanioides 4 J Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum 1,2a Jaggery palm Caryota urens 1,2a Jalapeno peppers Capsicum spp 1,3 Japanese apricot Prunus mume 4 Japanese aucuba Aucuba japonica 3 Japanese bead tree Melia azedarach 4 Japanese flowering apricot Prunus mume 4 Japanese flowering cherry Prunus spp 4 Japanese lantern Physalis alkekengi 4 Japanese laurel Aucuba japonica 3 Japanese pagoda tree Sophora japonica 4 Japanese plum (seeds) Eriobotrya japonica 4 Jasmine, French Calotropis procera 4 Jasmine, night blooming Cestrum nocturnum 4 Jasmine, poet's Jasminum officinale 1 Jasmine, yellow Gelsemium sempervirens 4 Jequirity bean Abrus precatorius 4 Jerusalem cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum 3 Jessamine, day Cestrum diurnum 4 Jessamine, day blooming Cestrum diurnum 4 Jessamine, night blooming Cestrum nocturnum 4 Jessamine, poet’s Jasminum officinale 1 Jessamine, yellow Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Jimson weed Datura stramonium 4 Johnny jump up (seeds only) Viola cornuta 3 Juniper Juniperus spp 1,3 K Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Kaffir lily Clivia miniata 3 Kaffir-boom Erythrina spp 4 Kalo nut Aleurites fordii 1,3 Klamath weed Hypericum perforatum 1,3 Kola nut Cola nitida 4 L Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Laburnum Laburnum spp 4 Lacquer tree Rhus verniciflua 1 Lacquer tree Toxicodendron vernicifluum 1 Lady slipper Cypripedium spp 1 Lady’s lace Ammi majus 1 Lady’s slipper Cypripedium spp 1 Lady’s slipper Pedilanthus tithymaloides 1,3 Lady-of-the-night Brunfelsia americana 4 Lady's fingers Abelmoschus esculentus 1 Lady's sorrel Oxalis spp 2b Lamb's quarters Chenopodium album 1 Lantana Lantana camara 4 Larkspur Delphinium spp 4 Laurel Kalmia angustifolia 4 Laurel, great Rhododendron maximum 4 Laurel, Indian (seed kernel) Calophyllum inophyllum 3 Laurelwood (seed kernel) Calophyllum inophyllum 3 Leather flower Clematis spp 1,3 Lemon (peels and thorns) Citrus limon 1 Lemon, wild Podophyllum peltatum 1,4 Lenten rose Helleborus spp 4 Leopard lily Dieffenbachia spp 2a Leopard palm Amorphophallus rivieri 1,2a Leopard's bane Arnica montana 1,4

Licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra 4 Licorice vine Abrus precatorius 4 Licorice, Indian Abrus precatorius 4 Licorice, wild Abrus precatorius 4 Lily of the Incas Alstroemeria aurantiaca 1,3 Lily of the Nile Agapanthus spp 1 Lily of the palace Hippeastrum aulicum 3 Lily, arum Zantedeschia aethiopica 2a Lily, black Dracunculus vulgaris 2a Lily, pig Zantedeschia aethiopica 2a Lily, trumpet Zantedeschia aethiopica 2q Lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis 4 Lily-of-the-valley bush or shrub Pieris japonica 4 Lily-of-the-valley bush or shrub Andromeda japonica 4 Lime (peels and thorns) Citrus aurantiifolia 1 Linseed Linium spp 4 Lion's beard Anemone nuttalliana 1,3

Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra 4 Live oak Quercus virginiana 1,3 Lobelia Lobelia spp 1,4 Loco weed Datura stramonium 4 Locoweed Astragalus spp 4 Locoweed Cannabis sativa 4 Locoweed, purple Oxytropis lambertii 4 Locoweed, stemless Oxytropis lambertii 4 Locoweed, white Oxytropis lambertii 4 Locust, black or yellow Robinia pseudoacacia 4 Loquat (seeds) Eriobotrya japonica 4 Lord and ladies Arum maculatum 1,2a Love apple (green parts) Lycopersicon lycopersicum 4 Love bean Abrus precatorius 4 Love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena 3 Lucky bean Abrus precatorius 4 Lucky seed Thevetia peruviana 4 Lupine Lupinus spp 4 M Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Ma Huang Ephedra spp 4 Mace Myristica fragrans 4 Maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba 1,4 Malabar tree Euphorbia tirucalli 1,3 Mandarin orange (peels and thorns) Citrus nobilis 1 Mandrake Podophyllum peltatum 1,4 Marble queen pothos Epipremnum aureum 2a Marble queen pothos Scindapsus aureus 2a Marguerite Chrysanthemum frutescens 1,3 Marigold, big Tagetes erecta 1 Marmalade bush Streptosolen jamesonii 4 Marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre 4 Marsh marigold Caltha palustris 1,3 Match-me-if-you-can Acalypha wilkesiana 1 Mate Ilex paraguariensis 3 Matrimony vine Lycium halimifolium 4 Mauna loa Spathiphyllum spp 2a Mayapple Podophyllum peltatum 1,4 Meadow crocus Colchicum autumnale 4 Meadow saffron Colchicum autumnale 4 Medicinal aloe Aloe barbadensis 1,3 Medicine plant Aloe spp 1,3 Mescal Lophophora williamsii 4 Mescal (do not confuse with Agave uthaensis (do not confuse 1,3 Lophophora williamsii--Peyote) with Lophophora williamsii-- Peyote) Mescal bean Sophora secundiflora 4 Mescal button Lophophora williamsii 4 Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa 1 Mexican bird of paradise Caesalpinia mexicana 3 Mexican breadfruit Monstera deliciosa 2a Mexican breadfruit Philodendron pertusum 2a Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia 1, 2a, 2b Mexican flame vine Senecio confusus 1 Mexican horsetail Equisetum spp 4 Mexican prickle poppy Argemone mexicana 4 Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides 3 Mexican tea Ephedra spp 4 Meyer lemon (peels and thorns) Citrus meyeri 1 Milk barrel Euphorbia spp 1,3 Milk bush Euphorbia tirucalli 1,3 Milk purslane Chamaesyce maculata 1 Milk purslane Euphorbia maculata 1 Milk weed Chamaesyce drummondii 1 Milkweed Asclepias spp 4 Milkweed Euphorbia drummondii 1,3 Miner's tea Ephedra spp 4 Mistletoe, American Phoradendron flavescens 3 Mistletoe, European Viscum album 3 Moccasin flower Cypripedium spp 1 Mock orange Citrus trifoliata 3 Mock orange Laurocerasus caroliniana 4 Mock orange Poncirus trifoliata 3 Mock orange Prunus caroliniana 4 Mole bean Ricinus communis 4 Mole plant Euphorbia lathyrus 1,3 Mona Lisa Codiaeum spp 1 Monkshood Aconitium napellus 4 Moon Lophophora williamsii 4 Moon tree Endospermum moluccanum 1,3 Moon weed Datura stramonium 4 Moonflower Datura inoxia 4 Moonflower Ipomoea alba 1 Moonflower, purple Ipomoea muricata 4 Moonseed Menispermum spp 1,4 Mormon tea Ephedra spp 4 Morning glory (seeds) Ipomoea spp 4 Morning-noon-and-night Brunfelsia spp 4 Mother in law plant Caladium 2a Mother in law plant Dieffenbachia sequine 2a Mother in law’s tongue Dieffenbachia spp 2a Mountain ivy Kalmia latifolia 4 Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 4 Mountain tobacco Arnica montana 1,4 Mum Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Mustard tree Nicotiana glauca 4 Myrtle Vinca minor 4 Mysterious plant Daphne mezereum 1,4 N Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Naked boys Colchicum autumnale 4 Naked lady Amaryllis belladonna 3 Narcissus Narcissus spp 1,3 Nectar of the gods Allium sativum 1,3 Nectarine (chewed pits) Prunus persica 4 Needlepoint ivy Hedera helix 1,3 Nephthytis Syngonium podophyllum 2a Nerve root Cypripedium spp 1 Nettle Laportea canadensis 1 Nettle, stinging Urtica spp 1 Nicotiana Nicotiana spp 4 Nighshade, yellow Urechites spp 4 Night blooming jasmine Cestrum nocturnum 4 Night blooming jessamine Cestrum nocturnum 4 Nightshade, American Phytolacca americana 3 Nightshade, black Solanum nigrum 4 Nightshade, blue Solanum dulcamara 4 Nightshade, climbing Solanum dulcamara 4 Nightshade, common Solanum nigrum 4 Nightshade, deadly Solanum dulcamara 4 Nightshade, poisonous Solanum dulcamara 4 Nightshade, stinking Hyoscyamus niger 4 Nightshade, woody Solanum dulcamara 4 Noah's ark Cypripedium spp 1 Nutmeg Myristica fragrans 4 Nutmeg flower Nigella sativa 3 O Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Oak Quercus spp 1,3 Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra 3 Oleander Nerium oleander 4 Oleander, yellow Thevetia peruviana 4 Onion (large quantities) Allium cepa 1,3 Onion, wild Allium cernuum 1,3 Orange (peels and thorns) Citrus sinensis 1 Orange root Hydrastis canadensis 4 Orchid, lady slipper Cypripedium spp 1 Oregon crabapple (chewed seeds) Malus fusca 4 Oregon holly Ilex spp 3 Oriental plum tree Ginkgo biloba 1,4 Oriental poppy Papaver orientale 3 Ornamental cherry (chewed seeds) Prunus spp 4 Ornamental crabapple (chewed seeds) Malus floribunda 4

Ornamental crabapple (chewed seeds) Pyrus floribunda 4

Ornamental flowering plum Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' 4 Ornamental nicotiana Nicotiana longiflora 4 Ornamental pear Pyrus spp 1 Ornamental pepper Capsicum spp 1,3 Ornamental pepper Solanum pseudocapsicum 3 Ornamental plum (chewed seeds) Prunus spp 4 Oxalis Oxalis spp 2b P Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Palm, fishtail Caryota mitis 1,2a Palma Christi Ricinus communis 4 Panda plant Philodendron bipennifolium 2a Pansy (seeds only) Viola tricolor 3 Paper flower Bougainvillea spp 1 Paper plant Cyperus papyrus 4 Paper white narcissus Narcissus tazetta 1,3 Paperbark tree Melaleuca spp 1 Papyrus Cyperus papyrus 4 Paradise plant Daphne mezereum 1,4 Paradise tree Melia azedarach 4 Paraguay tea Ilex paraguariensis 3 Parlor ivy Senecio mikanioides 4 Parsley Petroselinum crispum 1 Parsley, spotted Cicuta maculata 4 Parsnip (all but root) Pastinaca sativa 1 Parsnip, poison Cicuta maculata 4 Parsnip, wild Cicuta maculata 4 Pasque flower Anemone patens 1,3 Passion flower Passiflora caerulea 4 Passion fruit Passiflora edulis 4 Passion vine Passiflora spp 4 Passionaria Passiflora spp 4 Pea, everlasting Lathyrus spp 4 Pea, grass Lathyrus sativus 4 Pea, seaside Lathyrus japonicus 4 Peace lily Spathiphyllum spp 2a Peach (chewed pits) Prunus persica 4 Peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima 3 Pear (chewed seeds) Pyrus communis 1,4 Pearly gates Ipomoea spp 4 Pecan (pollen and nut oil) Carya illinonensis 1 Pencil cactus or Pencil tree Euphorbia tirucalli 1,3 Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium 4 Pennywort Hydrocotyle spp 1,4 Peony Paeonia officinalis 1,4 Peony, tree Paeonia suffruticosa 1,4 Pepper bush Croton humilis 1 Pepper tree Schinus molle 1,3 Pepper, bell Capsicum spp 1,3 Pepper, sweet Capsicum spp 1,3 Pepper, tobasco Capsicum spp 1,3 Peppers Capsicum spp 1,3 Periwinkle Vinca rosea 4 Periwinkle, Madagascar Cantharanthus roseus 4 Periwinkle, rose Cantharanthus roseus 4 Persian lilac Melia azedarach 4 Peruvian lily Alstroemeria spp 1,3 Peruvian lily Hymenocallis americana 3 Peyote Lophophora williamsii Philodendron Philodendron spp 2a Philodendron, giant Philodendron gigantium 2a Philodendron, heart leaf Philodendron scandens 2a Philodendron, split leaf Philodendron pertusum 2a Photinia arbutifolia (leaves) Photinia arbutifolia 4 Pie plant (leaves) Rheum spp 1, 2b, 3 Pigeon berry Duranta repens 1,4 Pigeon berry Phytolacca americana 3 Pigeonberry Rivina humilis 3 Pimento Capsicum spp 1,3 Pinkroot Spigelia marilandica 4 Pinks Dianthus spp 1 Plum (chewed seeds) Prunus domestica 4 Podocarpus (do not confuse with Podocarpus macrophylla 3 Taxus species) Poinciana Caesalpinia spp 3 Poinciana Poinciana gilliesii 3 Poison berry Solanum nigrum 4 Poison bush Acokanthera spp 4 Poison camus Zigadenus nuttallii 4 Poison creeper Toxicodendron spp 1 Poison dogwood Toxicodendron vernix 1 Poison elder Toxicodendron vernix 1 Poison flag Iris versicolor 1,3 Poison hemlock Conium maculatum 4 Poison ivy Rhus spp 1 Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans 1 Poison nut Strychnos nux-vomica 4 Poison oak Toxicodendron spp 1 Poison parsley Conium maculatum 4 Poison parsnip Cicuta maculata 4 Poison sumac Toxicodendron vernix 1 Poison tobacco Hyoscyamus niger 4 Poison vine Rhus spp 1 Poison vine Toxicodendron radicans 1 Poison water hemlock Cicuta douglasii 4 Poke berry Phytolacca americana 3 Pokesalad plant Phytolacca spp 3 Pokeweed Phytolacca americana 3 Polecat weed Symplocarpus foetidus 2a Polyscias Polyscias guilfoyei 1,3 Poppy, common Papaver somniferum 3 Poppy, garden Papaver orientale 3 Poppy, opium Papaver somniferum 3 Poppy, Oriental Papaver orientale 3 Potato (all green parts) Solanum tuberosum 4 Potato vine Solanum jasminoides 4 Pothos Epipremnum aureum 2a Pothos Scindapsus aureus 2a Prarie crocus Anemone patens 1,3 Prayer bead or bean Abrus precatorius 4 Precatory pea or bean Abrus precatorius 4 Pregnant onion Ornithogalum caudatum 1,4 Prickly poppy Argemone mexicana 4 Pride of Barbados Caesalpinia pulcherrima 3 Pride of China Melia azedarach 4 Pride of India Melia azedarach 4 Pride of Madeira Echium spp 4 Primrose Primula vulgaris 1 Primula Primula spp 1 Privet Ligustrum vulgare 3 Privet, California Ligustrum californicum 3 Privet, California Ligustrum ovalifolium 3 Purple leaf plum Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' 4 Pussy foot Ageratum conyzoides 3 Pussy foot Eupatorium conyzoides 3 Q Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota 1 Queen's delight Stillingia spp 1 Queen's lace Daucus carota 1 Queen's root Stillingia sylvatica 1 R Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Radish, Chinese (leaves) Raphanus sativus 1 Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia 1 Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea 4 Rain flower Grevillea banksii 1 Rain lily Zephyranthes atamasco 1,3 Rain tree Brunfelsia undulata 4 Rain tree Pithecellobium saman 3 Rain tree Samanea saman 3 Rainbow pink Dianthus chinensis 1 Ranunculus Ranunculus spp 1,3 Rattlebox Crotalaria spectabilis 4 Rattlebox Daubentonia punicea 4 Rattlebox Sesbania punicea 4 Red hot cat tail Acalypha hispida 1,3 Red hot poker tree Erythrina abyssinica 4 Red ink Phytolacca americana 3 Red root Ceanothus americanus 3 Red root Sanguinaria canadensis 3 Red spurge Euphorbia cotinifolia 1,3 Red squill Urginea maritima 4 Redberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1,4 Redberry Panax quinquefolia 4 Redbird cactus or floweer Euphorbia tithymaloides 3 Redbird cactus or flower Pedilanthus tithymaloides 1,3 Rhododendron Rhododendron genus 4 Rhubarb (leaves) Rheum spp 1, 2b, 3 Rock poppy Chelidonium majus 1,4 Rocket larkspur Delphinium spp 4 Rosary beads (not to be confused with Senecio spp 4 Rosary vine) Rosary bean or pea Abrus precatorius 4 Rosary pearls Senecio spp 4 Rose periwinkle Cantharanthus roseus 4 Rosebay Rhododendron maximum 4 Rose-bay Nerium oleander 4 Rosewood Dalbergia retusa 1 Rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis 1 Rubber vine Cryptostegia grandiflora 4 Rush Equisetum spp 4 S Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Sacred datura Datura inoxia 4 Saffron Crocus sativus 4 Saffron crocus Crocus sativus 4 Sagebrush Artemisia spp 4 Sago cycas Cycas spp 4 Sago cycas Zamia spp 4 Sago palm Cycas spp 4 Sambucus (all but ripe berries) Sambucus caerulea 3 Sand begonia Rumex venosus 2b, 3 Sandberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1,4 Sapphire flower Browallia spp 1 Sassafras Sassafras spp 4 Sassafras tea Sassafras spp 4 Scorpion weed Heliotropium indicum 4 Scorpion's tail Heliotropium angiospermum 4 Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius 3 Scotch broom Spartium scoparium 4 Scotch heather Calluna vulgaris 4 Scouring rush Equisetum hyemale 4 Scrub oak Quercus utahensis 1,3 Sea onion Scilla verna 4 Sea onion Urginea maritima 4 Sea onion, false Ornithogalum caudatum 1,4 Seminole bead Abrus precatorius 4 Sesbania Daubentonia punicea 4 Shamrock Oxalis spp 2b Shasta daisy Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Shell flower Pistia stratiotes 2a Silk weed Asclepias syriaca 4 Silvercup Solandra grandiflora 4 Singletary pea Lathyrus spp 4 Skunk cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus 2a Skunk cabbage Veratrum spp 4 Skunkweed Symplocarpus foetidus 2a Slipper flower or plant Euphorbia tithymaloides 3 Slipper flower or plant Pedilanthus tithymaloides 1,3 Slipper orchid Cypripedium spp 1 Slippery elm Ulmus fulva 1 Slippery root Symphytum officinale 4 Smoke plant, bush or tree Rhus cotinus 1 Snake flower Echium vulgare 4 Snake lily Iris spp 1,3 Snakeberry Actaea spicata 1,4 Snakeroot Aristolochia serpentaria 4 Snakeroot Cicuta maculata 4 Snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum 4 Snakeroot, black Zigadenus or Zygadenus 4 venenosus Snakeroot,black Cimicifuga racemosa 4 Snakeweed Eupatorium adenophorum 3 Snakewood Brosimum guainense 1 Snow lily Erythronium grandiflorum 1,3 Snow on the mountain Euphorbia marginata 1,3 Snowberry Symphoricarpos spp 3 Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis 3 Snowflake Leucojum vernum 3 Snowflower Spathiphyllum spp 2a Solandra Solandra spp 4 Sorrel Oxalis spp 2b Sorrel Rumex spp 2b Southern mock orange Laurocerasus caroliniana 4 Southern mock orange Prunus caroliniana 4 Spanish broom Spartium junceum 3 Spathe flower Spathiphyllum spp 2a Spathiphyllum Spathiphyllum spp 2a Spider flower Hymenocallis americana 3 Spider lily Hymenocallis americana 3 Spider mum Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Spindle tree Euonymus europaea 3 Split leaf philodendron Monstera deliciosa 2a Split leaf philodendron Philodendron pertusum 2a Spoonwood Kalmia latifolia 4 Spring onion Scilla verna 4 Spurdock Rumex crispus 1,2b Spurge Euphorbia myrsinites 1,3 Spurge flax Daphne mezereum 1,4 Squaw tea Ephedra spp 4 Squill Urginea maritima 4 St. John’s wort Hypericum perforatum 1,3 Star potato vine Solanum seaforthianum 3 Star-of-Bethlehem Hippobroma longiflora 4 Star-of-Bethlehem Laurentia longiflora 4 Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum spp 4 Stink weed Datura stramonium 4 Stinking hellebore Helleborus foetidus 4 Stinking rose Allium sativum 1,3 Strawberry shrub (seeds) Calycanthus spp 4 String of beads Senecio spp 4 String of pearls Senecio spp 4 Sweet flag Acorus calamus 1 Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus 4 Sweet William Dianthus barbatus 1 Swiss cheese plant Monstera deliciosa 2a T Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Tallow tree Sapium sebiferum 1,3 Tansy Chrysanthemum spp 1,3 Tansy Tanacetum vulgare 1,3 Taro Alocasia macrorrhiza 2a Taro Colocasia esculenta 2a Taxus Taxus sieboldii 4 Tea tree Melaleuca quinquenervia 1 Tea tree Sassafras spp 4 Texas umbrella tree Melia azedarach 4 Thistle, yellow star Centaurea solstitialis 1,3 Thornapple Argemone mexicana 4 Thornapple Datura stramonium 4 Tobacco Nicotiana spp 4 Tobacco, cultivated Nicotiana tabacum 4 Tobacco, tree Nicotiana glauca 4 Tobacco, wild Lobelia inflata 1,4 Tobacco, wild Nicotiana attenuata 4 Tomatillo (green parts) Physalis ixocarpa 4 Tomato (green parts) Lycopersicon lycopersicum 4 Tomato, devil's Solanum eleagnifolium 4 Toyon (leaves) Photinia arbutifolia 4 Tread-softly Cnidoscolus stimulosus 1 Trumpet flower or Trumpet plant Solandra spp 4 Trumpet lily Datura stramonium 4 Trumpet lily Zantedeschia aethiopica 2a Trumpet tree Tabebuia spp 1,3 Trumpet vine Campsis radicans 1 Tuberose Polianthes tuberose 4 Tulip Tulipa spp 1,3 U Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Umbrella leaf Podophyllum peltatum 1,4 Umbrella plant Cyperus alternifolius 4 V Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Valerian Valeriana officinales 4 Varnish tree Aleurites moluccana 1,3 Veratrum Veratrum spp 4 Verbena Verbena spp 1 Vinca major Vinca major 4 Vinca minor Vinca minor 4 Vinca rosea Cantharanthus roseus 4 Vinca rosea Vinca rosea 4 Viola (seeds only) Viola odorata 3 Violet (seeds only) Viola odorata 3 Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia 2a, 2b Virgin's bower Clematis virginiana 1,3 Voodoo lily Amorphophallus rivieri 1,2a W Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Walnut, black Juglans nigra 1 Walnut, English Juglans regia 1 Water hemp Eupatorium cannabinum 3 Wax berry Symphoricarpos spp 3 Wax tree Rhus succedanea 1 Waxberry Myrica cerifera 1 Weaver's broom Spartium junceum 3 Weeping pagoda tree Sophora japonica 4 Western poison oak Rhus diversiloba 1 Western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum 1 Wild apple (chewed seeds) Malus pumila 4 Wild apple (chewed seeds) Pyrus sylvestris 4 Wild begonia Rumex venosus 2b, 3 Wild bleeding heart Dicentra exima 1,4 Wild calla Calla palustris 2a Wild carnation Dianthus spp 1 Wild carrot Cicuta maculata 4 Wild carrot Daucus carota 1 Wild coffee Polyscias guilfoyei 1,3 Wild crabapple (chewed seeds) Malus ioensis 4 Wild crabapple (chewed seeds) Pyrus ioensis 4 Wild crocus Anemone patens 1,3 Wild fennel Nigella damascena 3 Wild garlic Allium spp 1,3 Wild ginger Asarum canadense 4 Wild hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens 1,3 Wild hydrangea Rumex venosus 2b, 3 Wild leek Allium ampeloprasum 1,3 Wild lemon Podophyllum peltatum 1,4 Wild licorice Abrus precatorius 4 Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidata 4 Wild morning glory Alystegia sepium 1,3 Wild morning glory Convolvulus arvensis 1,3 Wild oats Arena fatua 3 Wild onion Allium spp 1,3 Wild orange Laurocerasus caroliniana 4 Wild orange Prunus caroliniana 4 Wild parsnip Angelica archangelica 1,4 Wild parsnip Cicuta maculata 4 Wild parsnip Heracleum mantegazzianum 1 Wild parsnip (all but root) Pastinaca sativa 1 Wild passion flower Passiflora incarnata 4 Wild pea Lathyrus spp 4 Wild pepper Daphne mezereum 1,4 Wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum 3 Wild rhubarb Heracleum mantegazzianum 1 Wild rhubarb Rumex hymenosepalus 2b Wild snowball Ceanothus americanus 3 Wild sweet pea Lathyrus incanus 4 Wild tobacco Lobelia inflata 1,4 Wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata 4 Wild tomato Solanum carolinense 4 Wild turnip Arisaema triphyllum 1,2a Windflower Anemone spp 1,3 Winterberry Ilex spp 3 Wisteria Wisteria fructescens 3 Wolf's bane Arnica spp 4 Wolf's milk Euphorbia esula 1,3 Wolfsbane Aconitium napellus 4 Wonderflower Ornithogalum thyrsoides 4 Wood rose (seeds) Merremia tuberosa 4 Wood rose, Hawaiian (seeds) Merremia tuberosa 4 Wood vine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Woodbine Clematis virginiana 1,3 Wormseed Chenopodium ambrosioides 3 Wormseed or wormwood Artemisia spp 4 Y Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Yarrow Achillea millefolium 1, 3 Yellow jasmine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Yellow jessamine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,4 Yellow oleander Thevetia peruviana 4 Yesterday-and-today Brunfelsia spp 4 Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow Brunfelsia spp 4 Yew Taxus baccata 4 Yew, Japanese or Chinese (do not Podocarpus macrophylla 3 confuse with Taxus species) Yew, Southern tree (do not confuse Podocarpus macrophylla 3 with Taxus species) Yohimbe or Yohimbine Corynanthe yohimbe 4 Z Common Name Latin or scientific name Rating Zamia Cycadaceae family 4 Zamia Zamia spp 4 Zephyr lily Zephyranthes atamasco 1,3

Table 4. Toxic Plants by Latin or Scientific Name

A Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Abelmoschus esculentus Lady's fingers 1 Abrus precatorius Black-eyed Susan 4 Abrus precatorius Indian bead or bean 4 Abrus precatorius Jequirity bean 4 Abrus precatorius Licorice vine 4 Abrus precatorius Licorice, Indian 4 Abrus precatorius Licorice, wild 4 Abrus precatorius Love bean 4 Abrus precatorius Lucky bean 4 Abrus precatorius Prayer bead or bean 4 Abrus precatorius Precatory pea or bean 4 Abrus precatorius Rosary bean or pea 4 Abrus precatorius Seminole bead 4 Abrus precatorius Wild licorice 4 Abutilon hybridum Chinese lantern 1 Abutilon hybridum Flowering maple 1 Acalypha hispida Chenille plant 1,3 Acalypha hispida Foxtail 1,3 Acalypha hispida Red hot cat tail 1,3 Acalypha wilkesiana Fire-dragon 3 Acalypha wilkesiana Match-me-if-you-can 1 Achillea millefolium Gordoloba 1,3 Achillea millefolium Yarrow 1, 3 Acokanthera spp Poison bush 4 Aconitium napellus Aconite 4 Aconitium napellus Helmet flower 4 Aconitium napellus Monkshood 4 Aconitium napellus Wolfsbane 4 Acorus calamus Sweet flag 1 Actaea rubra Baneberry 1,4 Actaea spicata Cohosh 1,4 Actaea spicata Coralberry 1,4 Actaea spicata Dolls-eyes 1,4 Actaea spicata Snakeberry 1,4 Adenium obesum Desert rose 4 Aesculus californica California buckeye 3 Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye 3 Aesculus pavia Fire cracker plant 3 Aesculus spp Buckeye 3 Aesculus spp Horse chestnut 3 Aethusa cynapium False parsley 4 Aethusa cynapium Fool’s parsley 4 Agapanthus spp African lily 1 Agapanthus spp Agapanthus 1 Agapanthus spp Lily of the Nile 1 Agave americana Century plant 1,3 Agave uthaensis (do not confuse with Mescal (do not confuse with 1,3 Lophophora williamsii--Peyote) Lophophora williamsii--Peyote) Ageratum conyzoides Pussy foot 3 Aleurites fordii Kalo nut 1,3 Aleurites moluccana Candle berry tree 1,3 Aleurites moluccana Candlenut oil tree 1,3 Aleurites moluccana Varnish tree 1,3 Allium ampeloprasum Elephant garlic 1,3 Allium ampeloprasum Wild leek 1,3 Allium cepa Onion (large quantities) 1,3 Allium cernuum Onion, wild 1,3 Allium sativum Allium 1,3 Allium sativum Garlic 1,3 Allium sativum Nectar of the gods 1,3 Allium sativum Stinking rose 1,3 Allium spp Wild garlic 1,3 Allium spp Wild onion 1,3 Alnus spp Alder tree 1 Alocasia Elephant's ear 1,2a Alocasia macrorrhiza Taro 2a Alocasia spp Alocasia 2a Aloe barbadensis Aloe vera 1,3 Aloe barbadensis Indian aloe 1,3 Aloe barbadensis Medicinal aloe 1,3 Aloe spp Medicine plant 1,3 Alstroemeria aurantiaca Alstroemeria 1,3 Alstroemeria aurantiaca Lily of the Incas 1,3 Alstroemeria spp Peruvian lily 1,3 Alystegia sepium Bindweed 1,3 Alystegia sepium Wild morning glory 1,3 Amaryllis belladonna Amaryllis belladonna 3 Amaryllis belladonna Belladonna lily 3 Amaryllis belladonna Cape belladonna 3 Amaryllis belladonna Naked lady 3 Amaryllis spp Amaryllis 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweed 1 Ammi majus Bishop's weed 1 Ammi majus False Queen Anne’s lace 1 Ammi majus Lady’s lace 1 Amorphophallus rivieri Devil’s tongue 1,2a Amorphophallus rivieri Leopard palm 1,2a Amorphophallus rivieri Voodoo lily 1,2a Andromeda japonica Lily-of-the-valley bush or shrub 4 Anemone nuttalliana Lion's beard 1,3 Anemone patens Easter flower 1,3 Anemone patens Pasque flower 1,3 Anemone patens Prarie crocus 1,3 Anemone patens Wild crocus 1,3 Anemone spp Anemone 1,3 Anemone spp Windflower 1,3 Angelica archangelica Angelica 1,4 Angelica archangelica Archangel 1,4 Angelica archangelica Wild parsnip 1,4 Anthemis cotula Camomile 1 Anthemis cotula Chamomile 1 Anthemis cotula Dog fennel 1 Anthurium scherzeranum Flamingo flower 2a Anthurium spp Anthurium 2a Apocynum cannabinum Indian hemp 4? Araujia sericifera Cruel plant 1,3 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Redberry 1,4 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Sandberry 1,4 Arena fatua Wild oats 3 Argemone glauca Hawaiian poppy 4

Argemone glauca Hawaiian prickly poppy 4 Argemone mexicana Mexican prickle poppy 4 Argemone mexicana Prickly poppy 4 Argemone mexicana Thornapple 4 Argyreia nervosa Hawaiian baby woodrose (seeds) 4 Arisaema dracontium Dragon tail 2a Arisaema dracontium Green dragon 2a Arisaema spp Dragon root 2a Arisaema triphyllum Devils’ ear 1,2a Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit 1,2a Arisaema triphyllum Wild turnip 1,2a Aristolochia elegans Calico flower 4 Aristolochia serpentaria Snakeroot 4 Armoracia rusticana Horseradish 3 Arnica montana Leopard's bane 1,4 Arnica montana Mountain tobacco 1,4 Arnica spp Arnica 1,4 Arnica spp Wolf's bane 4 Artemesia absinthium Absinth 4 Artemisia spp Sagebrush 4 Artemisia spp Wormseed or wormwood 4 Arum italicum Italian arum 2a Arum maculatum Adam-and-Eve 1,2a Arum maculatum Lord and ladies 1,2a Arum spp Arum 1,2a Asarum canadense Wild ginger 4 Asclepias spp Indian paint brush 4 Asclepias spp Milkweed 4 Asclepias syriaca Silk weed 4 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed 4 Astragalus spp Locoweed 4 Atropa belladonna Belladonna 4 Atropa belladonna Deadly nightshade 4 Aucuba japonica Japanese aucuba 3 Aucuba japonica Japanese laurel 3

B Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Berberis spp Barberry 4 Bougainvillea spp Bougainvillea 1 Bougainvillea spp Paper flower 1 Brosimum guainense Snakewood 1 Browallia spp Amethyst flower 1 Browallia spp Sapphire flower 1 Brunfelsia americana Lady-of-the-night 4 Brunfelsia spp Morning-noon-and-night 4 Brunfelsia spp Yesterday-and-today 4 Brunfelsia spp Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow 4 Brunfelsia undulata Rain tree 4 Bryonia spp Hops, wild 3 Buxus sempervirens Boxwood 1,4

C Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Caesalpinia gilliesii Bird of paradise 3 Caesalpinia mexicana Mexican bird of paradise 3 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Barbados flower 3 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock flower 3 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Pride of Barbados 3 Caesalpinia spp Barbados pride 3 Caesalpinia spp Poinciana 3 Caladium Angel wings 2a Caladium Caladium 2a Caladium Elephant's ear 2a Caladium Mother in law plant 2a Caladium bicolor Heart-of-Jesus 2a Calla palustris Wild calla 2a Calluna vulgaris Heath/Heather 4 Calluna vulgaris Scotch heather 4 Calocedrus decurrens Incense cedar 1 Calophyllum inophyllum Laurel, Indian (seed kernel) 3 Calophyllum inophyllum Laurelwood (seed kernel) 3 Calotropis gigantea Crown plant 4 Calotropis procera Jasmine, French 4 Caltha palustris Cowslip 1,3 Caltha palustris Marsh marigold 1,3 Calycanthus spp Calycanthus (seeds) 4 Calycanthus spp Carolina allspice (seeds) 4 Calycanthus spp Strawberry shrub (seeds) 4 Campsis radicans Trumpet vine 1 Cannabis sativa Locoweed 4 Cantharanthus roseus Periwinkle, Madagascar 4 Cantharanthus roseus Periwinkle, rose 4 Cantharanthus roseus Rose periwinkle 4 Cantharanthus roseus Vinca rosea 4 Capsicum spp Cayenne pepper 1,3 Capsicum spp Cherry pepper 1,3 Capsicum spp Chili pepper 1,3 Capsicum spp Habanero pepper 1,3 Capsicum spp Jalapeno peppers 1,3 Capsicum spp Ornamental pepper 1,3 Capsicum spp Pepper, bell 1,3 Capsicum spp Pepper, sweet 1,3 Capsicum spp Pepper, tobasco 1,3 Capsicum spp Peppers 1,3 Capsicum spp Pimento 1,3 Carya illinonensis Pecan (pollen and nut oil) 1 Caryota mitis Palm, fishtail 1,2a Caryota urens Jaggery palm 1,2a Cassia siamea Iron wood 4 Cassia spp Golden rain 3 Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh 1,4 Ceanothus americanus Red root 3 Ceanothus americanus Wild snowball 3 Centaurea americana Basket flower 1,3 Centaurea solstitialis Thistle, yellow star 1,3 Cestrum diurnum Cestrum, day blooming 4 Cestrum diurnum Day blooming cestrum 4 Cestrum diurnum Day blooming jessamine 4 Cestrum diurnum Jessamine, day 4 Cestrum diurnum Jessamine, day blooming 4 Cestrum nocturnum Fragrance of the night 4 Cestrum nocturnum Jasmine, night blooming 4 Cestrum nocturnum Jessamine, night blooming 4 Cestrum nocturnum Night blooming jasmine 4 Cestrum nocturnum Night blooming jessamine 4 Chamaelirium luteum Devil’s bit 3 Chamaesyce drummondii Milk weed 1 Chamaesyce hirta Asthma plant or weed 1 Chamaesyce maculata Milk purslane 1 Chelidonium majus Rock poppy 1,4 Chenopodium album Lamb's quarters 1 Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexican tea 3 Chenopodium ambrosioides Wormseed 3 Chenopodium capitatum Indian paint 1 Chrysanthemum frutescens Marguerite 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Bridesmaid 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Chrysanthemum 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Daisy 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Mum 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Shasta daisy 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Spider mum 1,3 Chrysanthemum spp Tansy 1,3 Cicuta douglasii Poison water hemlock 4 Cicuta maculata Cowbane 4 Cicuta maculata False parsley 4 Cicuta maculata Hemlock, spotted 4 Cicuta maculata Hemlock, water 4 Cicuta maculata Parsley, spotted 4 Cicuta maculata Parsnip, poison 4 Cicuta maculata Parsnip, wild 4 Cicuta maculata Poison parsnip 4 Cicuta maculata Snakeroot 4 Cicuta maculata Wild carrot 4 Cicuta maculata Wild parsnip 4 Cimicifuga racemosa Black cohosh 4 Cimicifuga racemosa Snakeroot,black 4 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree 4 Citrus aurantiifolia Lime (peels and thorns) 1 Citrus aurantium Bitter orange 1 Citrus limon Lemon (peels and thorns) 1 Citrus meyeri Meyer lemon (peels and thorns) 1 Citrus nobilis Mandarin orange (peels and 1 thorns) Citrus sinensis Orange (peels and thorns) 1 Citrus trifoliata Mock orange 3 Clematis spp Clematis 1,3 Clematis spp Leather flower 1,3 Clematis virginiana Devil’s darning needle 1,3 Clematis virginiana Virgin's bower 1,3 Clematis virginiana Woodbine 1,3 Clivia miniata Caffre lily 3 Clivia miniata Clivia 3 Clivia miniata Kaffir lily 3 Cnidoscolus stimulosus Tread-softly 1 Cocculus carolinus Carolina moonseed 4 Cocculus carolinus Coral beads 4 Codiaeum spp Croton 1 Codiaeum spp Mona Lisa 1 Cola nitida Cola nut 4 Cola nitida Kola nut 4 Colchicum autumnale Crocus, autumn 4 Colchicum autumnale Crocus, fall 4 Colchicum autumnale Meadow crocus 4 Colchicum autumnale Meadow saffron 4 Colchicum autumnale Naked boys 4 Colchicum autumnale Colchicine 4 Colocasia esculenta Caladium 2a Colocasia esculenta Colocasia 2a Colocasia esculenta Elephant's ear 2a Colocasia esculenta Taro 2a Conium maculatum Deadly hemlock 4 Conium maculatum Hemlock 4 Conium maculatum Hemlock, poison 4 Conium maculatum Hemlock, spotted 4 Conium maculatum Poison hemlock 4 Conium maculatum Poison parsley 4 Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley 4 Convolvulus arvensis Wild morning glory 1,3 Coriaria spp Coriaria 4 Cornus sanguinea Dogwood, bloodtwig 1 Coronilla varia Crown vetch 1 Corylus spp Filbert 1 Corylus spp Hazelnut 1 Corynanthe yohimbe Yohimbe or Yohimbine 4 Cotoneaster spp Cotoneaster 4 Crocus sativus Saffron 4 Crocus sativus Saffron crocus 4 Crotalaria spectabilis Crotalaria 4 Crotalaria spectabilis Rattlebox 4 Croton humilis Pepper bush 1 Croton tiglium Croton 1,4 Cryptostegia grandiflora Allamanda, pink or purple 4 Cryptostegia grandiflora Indian rubber vine 4 Cryptostegia grandiflora Rubber vine 4 Cycadaceae family Cycads 4 Cycadaceae family Zamia 4 Cycas spp Cycas 4 Cycas spp Sago cycas 4 Cycas spp Sago palm 4 Cyclamen spp Cyclamen 3 Cymbopogon nardus Citronella grass 1 Cyperus alternifolius Umbrella plant 4 Cyperus papyrus Paper plant 4 Cyperus papyrus Papyrus 4 Cyperus spp Cyperus 4 Cypripedium calceolus American valerian 1 Cypripedium spp Lady slipper 1 Cypripedium spp Lady’s slipper 1 Cypripedium spp Moccasin flower 1 Cypripedium spp Nerve root 1 Cypripedium spp Noah's ark 1 Cypripedium spp Orchid, lady slipper 1 Cypripedium spp Slipper orchid 1 Cytisus laburnum Bean tree 4 Cytisus scoparius Irish tops 3 Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom 3

D Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Dalbergia retusa Rosewood 1 Daphne mezereum Daphne 1,4 Daphne mezereum Mysterious plant 1,4 Daphne mezereum Paradise plant 1,4 Daphne mezereum Spurge flax 1,4 Daphne mezereum Wild pepper 1,4 Daphne spp Flax olive 1,4 Dapne cneorum Garland flower 1,4 Datura inoxia Indian apple 4 Datura inoxia Moonflower 4 Datura inoxia Sacred datura 4 Datura spp Angel’s trumpet 4 Datura spp Datura 4 Datura spp Horn-of-plenty 4 Datura stamonium Devil weed 4 Datura stramonium Apple of Peru 4 Datura stramonium Devil's apple 4 Datura stramonium Devil's trumpet 4 Datura stramonium Green dragon 4 Datura stramonium Hells bells 4 Datura stramonium Jimson weed 4 Datura stramonium Loco weed 4 Datura stramonium Moon weed 4 Datura stramonium Stink weed 4 Datura stramonium Thornapple 4 Datura stramonium Trumpet lily 4 Daubentonia punicea False poinciana 4 Daubentonia punicea Rattlebox 4 Daubentonia punicea Sesbania 4 Daucus carota Queen Anne’s lace 1 Daucus carota Queen's lace 1 Daucus carota Wild carrot 1 Delphinium spp Delphinium 4 Delphinium spp Larkspur 4 Delphinium spp Rocket larkspur 4 Dianthus barbatus Sweet William 1 Dianthus caryophyllus Clover pink 1 Dianthus chinensis Indian pink 1 Dianthus chinensis Rainbow pink 1 Dianthus spp Carnation 1 Dianthus spp Pinks 1 Dianthus spp Wild carnation 1 Dicentra exima Wild bleeding heart 1,4 Dictamnus albus Burning bush 1 Dictamnus albus Fraxinella 1 Dieffenbachia sequine Mother in law plant 2a Dieffenbachia spp Dieffenbachia 2a Dieffenbachia spp Dumb plant 2a Dieffenbachia spp Dumbcane 2a Dieffenbachia spp Leopard lily 2a Dieffenbachia spp Mother in law’s tongue 2a Dientra formosa Bleeding heart 1,4 Digitalis purpurea Foxglove 4 Dracunculus vulgaris Dragon lily or Dragon plant 2a Dracunculus vulgaris Lily, black 2a Duranta repens Pigeon berry 1,4

E Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Echium spp Pride of Madeira 4 Echium vulgare Snake flower 4 Elephantopus scaber Elephant’s foot 4 Endospermum moluccanum Moon tree 1,3 Ephedra spp Ma Huang 4 Ephedra spp Mexican tea 4 Ephedra spp Miner's tea 4 Ephedra spp Mormon tea 4 Ephedra spp Squaw tea 4 Epipremnum aureum Devil’s ivy 2a Epipremnum aureum Golden pothos 2a Epipremnum aureum Marble queen pothos 2a Epipremnum aureum Pothos 2a Equisetum hyemale Scouring rush 4 Equisetum palustre Marsh horsetail 4 Equisetum spp Foxtail 4 Equisetum spp Horse willow 4 Equisetum spp Horsetail 4 Equisetum spp Mexican horsetail 4 Equisetum spp Rush 4 Eriobotrya japonica Japanese plum (seeds) 4 Eriobotrya japonica Loquat (seeds) 4 Erythrina abyssinica Red hot poker tree 4 Erythrina spp Coral bean 4 Erythrina spp Indian bean 4 Erythrina spp Kaffir-boom 4 Erythronium grandiflorum Glacier lily 1,3 Erythronium grandiflorum Snow lily 1,3 Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum tree 3 Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus 3 Euonymus atropurpurea Burning bush 3 Euonymus europaea Spindle tree 3 Euonymus spp Euonymus 3 Eupatorium adenophorum Snakeweed 3 Eupatorium cannabinum Water hemp 3 Eupatorium conyzoides Pussy foot 3 Eupatorium rugosum Snakeroot 4 Euphorbia cotinifolia Red spurge 1,3 Euphorbia drummondii Caustic weed 1,3 Euphorbia drummondii Milkweed 1,3 Euphorbia esula Wolf's milk 1,3 Euphorbia hirta Asthma plant or weed 1 Euphorbia lathyrus Gopher plant 1,3 Euphorbia lathyrus Mole plant 1,3 Euphorbia maculata Milk purslane 1 Euphorbia marginata Snow on the mountain 1,3 Euphorbia milii Crown of thorns 1,3 Euphorbia myrsinites Donkeytail 1,3 Euphorbia myrsinites Spurge 1,3 Euphorbia spp Milk barrel 1,3 Euphorbia thymifolia Chicken weed 1 Euphorbia tirucalli Malabar tree 1,3 Euphorbia tirucalli Milk bush 1,3 Euphorbia tirucalli Pencil cactus or Pencil tree 1,3 Euphorbia tithymaloides Christmas candle 3 Euphorbia tithymaloides Devil's backbone 3 Euphorbia tithymaloides Fiddle flower 3 Euphorbia tithymaloides Redbird cactus or floweer 3 Euphorbia tithymaloides Slipper flower or plant 3 Exogonium purga Ipomea 3

F Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Fagus crenta Beech, Japanese 3 Fagus sylvatica Beech, European 3 Fagus sylvatica Beech, ornamental 3 Fraxinus americana Ash, American 1 Fraxinus excelsior Ash, European 1

G Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop 3 Gelsemium sempervirens Wood vine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Yellow jasmine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Yellow jessamine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina jasmine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina jessamine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina wild woodbine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Caroline yellow jessamine 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Gelsemium 1,4 Gelsemium sempervirens Jasmine, yellow 4 Gelsemium sempervirens Jessamine, yellow 1,4 Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo 1,4 Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba 1,4 Ginkgo biloba Maidenhair tree 1,4 Ginkgo biloba Oriental plum tree 1,4 Gladiola Gladiola 3 Glechoma hederacea Creeping charlie 3 Gloriosa superba Gloriosa lily 4 Gloriosa superba Glory lily 4

Glycyrrhiza glabra Licorice 4 Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice 4 Glycyrrhiza lepidata Wild licorice 4 Grevillea banksii Rain flower 1

H Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Haemanthus coccineus Blood flower or Blood lily 3 Hedera canariensis Ivy, Algerian 1 Hedera canariensis Ivy, Canary 1 Hedera canariensis Ivy, Madeira 1 Hedera helix Baltic ivy 1,3 Hedera helix Birdsfoot ivy 1,3 Hedera helix Green ripples 1,3 Hedera helix Ivy, Baltic 1,3 Hedera helix Ivy, California 1,3 Hedera helix Ivy, English 1,3 Hedera helix Needlepoint ivy 1,3 Hedera spp Ivy 1,3 Heliotropium angiospermum Scorpion's tail 4 Heliotropium indicum Scorpion weed 4 Heliotropium spp Heliotrope 4 Helleborus foetidus Stinking hellebore 4 Helleborus niger Christmas rose 4 Helleborus niger Easter rose 4 Helleborus niger Hellebore 4 Helleborus spp Lenten rose 4 Heracleum mantegazzianum Wild parsnip 1 Heracleum mantegazzianum Wild rhubarb 1 Heracleum sphondylium Cow parsley 1 Heracleum sphondylium Cow parsnip 1 Hevea brasiliensis Rubber tree 1 Hippeastrum amaryllis Fire lily 3 Hippeastrum aulicum Lily of the palace 3 Hippeastrum spp Amaryllis 3 Hippobroma longiflora Horse poison 4 Hippobroma longiflora Star-of-Bethlehem 4 Humulus lupulus Hop, common 1 Humulus lupulus Hop, European 1 Hyacinthus orientalis Hyacinth (bulb) 1,3 Hydrangea arborescens Wild hydrangea 1,3 Hydrangea spp Hydrangea 4 Hydrastis canadensis Golden seal 4 Hydrastis canadensis Indian dye 4 Hydrastis canadensis Indian paint 4 Hydrastis canadensis Orange root 4 Hydrocotyle spp Gotu kola 1,4 Hydrocotyle spp Pennywort 1,4 Hymenocallis americana Basket lily 3 Hymenocallis americana Peruvian lily 3 Hymenocallis americana Spider flower 3 Hymenocallis americana Spider lily 3 Hyoscyamus niger Black henbane 4 Hyoscyamus niger Nightshade, stinking 4 Hyoscyamus niger Poison tobacco 4 Hyoscyamus spp Henbane 4 Hypericum perforatum Hypericum 1,3 Hypericum perforatum Klamath weed 1,3 Hypericum perforatum St. John’s wort 1,3

I Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Ilex paraguariensis Mate 3 Ilex paraguariensis Paraguay tea 3 Ilex spp English holly 3 Ilex spp Holly (berry) 3 Ilex spp Oregon holly 3 Ilex spp Winterberry 3 Ipomoea alba Moonflower 1 Ipomoea muricata Moonflower, purple 4 Ipomoea spp Heavenly blue 4 Ipomoea spp Morning glory (seeds) 4 Ipomoea spp Pearly gates 4 Ipomoea tricolor Flying saucers 4 Ipomoea x multifida Hearts and honey vine 4 Iris germanica Fleur-de-lis 1,3 Iris spp Flag 1,3 Iris spp Iris 1,3 Iris spp Snake lily 1,3 Iris spuria Butterfly iris 1,3 Iris versicolor Flag lily 1,3 Iris versicolor Poison flag 1,3

J Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Jasminum officinale Jasmine, poet's 1 Jasminum officinale Jessamine, poet’s 1 Jatropha manihot Cassava 4 Jatropha molucanna Candleberry tree 1,3 Jatropha molucanna Candlenut oil tree 1,3 Jatropha multifida Coral plant 4 Juglans cinerea Butternut 1 Juglans nigra Walnut, black 1 Juglans regia Walnut, English 1 Juniperus spp Juniper 1,3 Juniperus virginia Cedar 1,3

K Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Kalanchoe daigremontiana Devil’s backbone 4 Kalmia angustifolia Laurel 4 Kalmia latifolia Ivy bush 4 Kalmia latifolia Mountain ivy 4 Kalmia latifolia Mountain laurel 4 Kalmia latifolia Spoonwood 4 Karwinski humboltiana Buckthorn 4 Kochia scoparia Fireball or Firebush 1, 2a, 2b Kochia scoparia Burning bush 1, 2a, 2b Kochia scoparia Mexican fireweed 1, 2a, 2b

L Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Laburnum spp Bean tree 4 Laburnum spp Laburnum 4 Lantana camara Lantana 4 Laportea canadensis Nettle 1 Larrea tridentate Chapparal leaf 4 Larrea tridentate Creosote bush 4 Lathyrus incanus Wild sweet pea 4 Lathyrus japonicus Pea, seaside 4 Lathyrus odoratus Sweet pea 4 Lathyrus sativus Pea, grass 4 Lathyrus spp Pea, everlasting 4 Lathyrus spp Singletary pea 4 Lathyrus spp Wild pea 4 Laurentia longiflora Star-of-Bethlehem 4 Laurocerasus caroliniana Mock orange 4 Laurocerasus caroliniana Southern mock orange 4 Laurocerasus caroliniana Wild orange 4 Laurocerasus officinalis Cherry laurel 4 Laurocerasus officinalis English laurel 4 Leucaena leucocephala Acacia palida 4 Leucojum vernum Snowflake 3 Ligustrum californicum Privet, California 3 Ligustrum ovalifolium Privet, California 3 Ligustrum vulgare Privet 3 Linium spp Flax 4 Linium spp Linseed 4 Lobelia inflata Tobacco, wild 1,4 Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower 1,4 Lobelia cardinalis Indian pink 1,4 Lobelia inflata Asthma weed 1,4 Lobelia inflata Indian tobacco 1,4 Lobelia inflata Wild tobacco 1,4 Lobelia spp Lobelia 1,4 Lobelia tupa Devil's tobacco 4 Lophophora williamsii Mescal 4 Lophophora williamsii Mescal button 4 Lophophora williamsii Moon 4 Lophophora williamsii Peyote Lupinus spp Blue bonnet 4 Lupinus spp Lupine 4 Lycium halimifolium Box thorn 4 Lycium halimifolium Matrimony vine 4 Lycopersicon lycopersicum Cherry tomato (green parts) 4 Lycopersicon lycopersicum Love apple (green parts) 4 Lycopersicon lycopersicum Tomato (green parts) 4

M Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Malus baccata Crabapple (chewed seeds) 4 Malus floribunda Ornamental crabapple (chewed 4 seeds) Malus fusca Oregon crabapple (chewed seeds) 4 Malus ioensis Crabapple, flowering 4 Malus ioensis Flowering crabapple (chewed 4 seeds) Malus ioensis Wild crabapple (chewed seeds) 4 Malus pumila Wild apple (chewed seeds) 4 Malus spp Apple (chewed seeds) 4 Melaleuca quinquenervia Tea tree 1 Melaleuca spp Paperbark tree 1 Melia azedarach Chinaberry 4 Melia azedarach Japanese bead tree 4 Melia azedarach Paradise tree 4 Melia azedarach Persian lilac 4 Melia azedarach Pride of China 4 Melia azedarach Pride of India 4 Melia azedarach Texas umbrella tree 4 Melilotus alba Clover, sweet white 4 Melilotus officinalis Clover, sweet yellow 4 Menispermum spp Moonseed 1,4 Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal 4 Merremia tuberosa Wood rose (seeds) 4 Merremia tuberosa Wood rose, Hawaiian (seeds) 4 Merremia tuberose Hawaiian woodrose 4 Mirabilis jalapa Four o'clock (seeds) 1,3 Momordica balsamina Apple, balsam 3 Monstera deliciosa Breadfruit vine 2a Monstera deliciosa Fruit salad plant 2a Monstera deliciosa Mexican breadfruit 2a Monstera deliciosa Split leaf philodendron 2a Monstera deliciosa Swiss cheese plant 2a Myrica cerifera Candleberry 1 Myrica cerifera Waxberry 1 Myristica fragrans Mace 4 Myristica fragrans Nutmeg 4

N Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Narcissus spp Daffodil (bulb) 1,3 Narcissus spp Narcissus 1,3 Narcissus tazetta Paper white narcissus 1,3 Narcissus triandrus Angel's tears 1,3 Nepeta cataria Catnip 3 Nepeta hederacea Creeping charlie 3 Nerine bowdenii Agapanthus, pink 3 Nerium oleander Oleander 4 Nerium oleander Rose-bay 4 Nicotiana attenuata Tobacco, wild 4 Nicotiana attenuata Wild tobacco 4 Nicotiana glauca Mustard tree 4 Nicotiana glauca Tobacco, tree 4 Nicotiana longiflora Ornamental nicotiana 4 Nicotiana spp Nicotiana 4 Nicotiana spp Tobacco 4 Nicotiana tabacum Cultivated tobacco 4 Nicotiana tabacum Tobacco, cultivated 4 Nigella damascena Love-in-a-mist 3 Nigella damascena Wild fennel 3 Nigella sativa Nutmeg flower 3

O Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Oenantha crocata Dead man fingers 4 Ornithogalum caudatum Healing onion 1,4 Ornithogalum caudatum Pregnant onion 1,4 Ornithogalum caudatum Sea onion, false 1,4 Ornithogalum spp Star-of-Bethlehem 4 Ornithogalum thyrsoides Wonderflower 4 Osmunda cinnamonea Buckhorn 3 Osmunda cinnamonea Fiddleheads 3 Oxalis acetosella Irish shamrock 2b Oxalis deppei Good luckleaf or plant 2b Oxalis spp Fire fern 2b Oxalis spp Lady's sorrel 2b Oxalis spp Oxalis 2b Oxalis spp Sorrel 2b Oxalis spp Shamrock 2b Oxytropis lambertii Locoweed, purple 4 Oxytropis lambertii Locoweed, stemless 4 Oxytropis lambertii Locoweed, white 4

P Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Paeonia officinalis Peony 1,4 Paeonia suffruticosa Peony, tree 1,4 Panax pseudoginseng Ginseng 4 Panax quinquefolia Redberry 4 Papaver orientale Oriental poppy 3 Papaver orientale Poppy, garden 3 Papaver orientale Poppy, Oriental 3 Papaver somniferum Poppy, common 3 Papaver somniferum Poppy, opium 3 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper 2a, 2b Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston ivy 2a, 2b Passiflora caerulea Passion flower 4 Passiflora edulis Passion fruit 4 Passiflora incarnata Apricot vine 4 Passiflora incarnata Wild passion flower 4 Passiflora spp Passion vine 4 Passiflora spp Passionaria 4 Pastinaca sativa Parsnip (all but root) 1 Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip (all but root) 1 Pedilanthus spp Christmas candle 1,3 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Devil’s backbone 1,3 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Fiddleflower 1,3 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Lady’s slipper 1,3 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Redbird cactus or flower 1,3 Pedilanthus tithymaloides Slipper flower or plant 1,3 Persea americana Avocado (leaves, stems, seeds) 4 Petroselinum crispum Parsley 1 Philodendron bipennifolium Fiddleleaf philodendron 2a Philodendron bipennifolium Panda plant 2a Philodendron gigantium Philodendron, giant 2a Philodendron hastatum Elephant’s ear philodendron 2a Philodendron pertusum Mexican breadfruit 2a Philodendron pertusum Philodendron, split leaf 2a Philodendron pertusum Split leaf philodendron 2a Philodendron scandens Ivy, common 2a Philodendron scandens Ivy, parlor 2a Philodendron scandens Philodendron, heart leaf 2a Philodendron spp Philodendron 2a Phoradendron flavescens Mistletoe, American 3 Photinia arbutifolia Christmas berry (leaves) 4 Photinia arbutifolia Photinia arbutifolia (leaves) 4 Photinia arbutifolia Toyon (leaves) 4 Physalis alkekengi Chinese lantern plant 4 Physalis alkekengi Japanese lantern 4 Physalis ixocarpa Tomatillo (green parts) 4 Physalis peruviana Cherry tomato (green parts) 4 Phytolacca acinosa Indian poke 3 Phytolacca americana Inkberry (pokeweed) 3 Phytolacca americana Nightshade, American 3 Phytolacca americana Pigeon berry 3 Phytolacca americana Poke berry 3 Phytolacca americana Pokeweed 3 Phytolacca americana Red ink 3 Phytolacca spp Pokesalad plant 3 Pieris japonica Lily-of-the-valley bush or shrub 4 Pistia stratiotes Shell flower 2a Pithecellobium saman Rain tree 3 Pithecellobium unguis-cati Cat's claw 1 Podocarpus macrophylla Podocarpus (do not confuse with 3 Taxus species) Podocarpus macrophylla Yew, Japanese or Chinese (do not 3 confuse with Taxus species) Podocarpus macrophylla Yew, Southern tree (do not 3 confuse with Taxus species) Podophyllum peltatum Lemon, wild 1,4 Podophyllum peltatum Mandrake 1,4 Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple 1,4 Podophyllum peltatum Umbrella leaf 1,4 Podophyllum peltatum Wild lemon 1,4 Poinciana gelliesii Barbados pride 3 Poinciana gilliesii Bird of paradise 3 Poinciana gilliesii Poinciana 3 Polianthes tuberose Tuberose 4 Polyscias guilfoyei Coffee tree 1,3 Polyscias guilfoyei Polyscias 1,3 Polyscias guilfoyei Wild coffee 1,3 Poncirus trifoliata Mock orange 3 Primula spp Primula 1 Primula veris Cowslip 1 Primula vulgaris Primrose 1 Prosopis glandulosa Mesquite 1 Prunus armeniaca Apricot (chewed pits) 4 Prunus caroliniana Mock orange 4 Prunus caroliniana Southern mock orange 4 Prunus caroliniana Wild orange 4 Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' Flowering plum 4 Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' Ornamental flowering plum 4 Prunus cerasifera 'atropurpurea' Purple leaf plum 4 Prunus domestica Plum (chewed seeds) 4 Prunus dulcis Bitter almond 4 Prunus emarginata Cherry, bitter (chewed seeds) 4 Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel 4 Prunus laurocerasus English laurel 4 Prunus mume Japanese apricot 4 Prunus mume Japanese flowering apricot 4 Prunus persica Nectarine (chewed pits) 4 Prunus persica Peach (chewed pits) 4 Prunus serotina Cherry, wild (chewed seeds) 4 Prunus spp Cherry (chewed pits) 4 Prunus spp Flowering almond 4 Prunus spp Flowering cherry 4 Prunus spp Japanese flowering cherry 4 Prunus spp Ornamental cherry (chewed seeds) 4 Prunus spp Ornamental plum (chewed seeds) 4 Prunus virginiana Chokecherry (chewed seeds) 4 Pteridium aquilinum Bracken fern 4 Pyrus calleryana Bradford pear 1 Pyrus communis Pear (chewed seeds) 1,4 Pyrus floribunda Crabapple, ornamental (chewed 4 seeds) Pyrus floribunda Ornamental crabapple (chewed 4 seeds) Pyrus ioensis Flowering crabapple (chewed 4 seeds) Pyrus ioensis Wild crabapple (chewed seeds) 4 Pyrus spp Ornamental pear 1 Pyrus sylvestris Apple (chewed seeds) 4 Pyrus sylvestris Crabapple (chewed seeds) 4 Pyrus sylvestris Wild apple (chewed seeds) 4

Q Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Quercus agrifolia California live oak 1,3 Quercus spp Acorn 1,3 Quercus spp Oak 1,3 Quercus utahensis Scrub oak 1,3 Quercus velutina Black oak 1,3 Quercus virginiana Live oak 1,3

R Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Ranunculus spp Buttercup 1,3 Ranunculus spp Ranunculus 1,3 Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish 3 Raphanus sativus Radish, Chinese (leaves) 1 Retama raetam Broom bush 4 Rhamnus californica Coffeeberry 3 Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn 4 Rhamus purshiana Cascara 4 Rheum spp Pie plant (leaves) 1, 2b, 3 Rheum spp Rhubarb (leaves) 1, 2b, 3 Rhododendron genus Azalea 4 Rhododendron genus Rhododendron 4 Rhododendron maximum Laurel, great 4 Rhododendron maximum Rosebay 4 Rhus cotinus Smoke plant, bush or tree 1 Rhus diversiloba Western poison oak 1 Rhus quercifolium Eastern poison oak 1 Rhus spp Poison ivy 1 Rhus spp Poison vine 1 Rhus succedanea Wax tree 1 Rhus verniciflua Lacquer tree 1 Ricinus communis Castor bean 4 Ricinus communis Mole bean 4 Ricinus communis Palma Christi 4 Rivina humilis Coral berry 3 Rivina humilis Pigeonberry 3 Robinia pseudoacacia Acacia, black 4 Robinia pseudoacacia Acacia, false 4 Robinia pseudoacacia Locust, black or yellow 4 Rudbeckia hirta Black eyed Susan 1 Rumex crispus Curly dock 1,2b Rumex crispus Spurdock 1,2b Rumex hymenosepalus Wild rhubarb 2b Rumex spp Dock 2b Rumex spp Sorrel 2b Rumex venosus Sand begonia 2b, 3 Rumex venosus Wild begonia 2b, 3 Rumex venosus Wild hydrangea 2b, 3 S Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Samanea saman Rain tree 3 Sambucus caerulea Sambucus (all but ripe berries) 3 Sambucus spp Elderberry (all but ripe berries) 3 Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot 3 Sanguinaria canadensis Red root 3 Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow tree 1,3 Sapium sebiferum Tallow tree 1,3 Sassafras spp Cinnamonwood 4 Sassafras spp Sassafras 4 Sassafras spp Sassafras tea 4 Sassafras spp Tea tree 4 Schinus molle Pepper tree 1,3 Schinus terebinthifolius Christmas berry tree 1 Scilla verna Sea onion 4 Scilla verna Spring onion 4 Scindapsus aureus Devil’s ivy 2a Scindapsus aureus Golden pothos 2a Scindapsus aureus Marble queen pothos 2a Scindapsus aureus Pothos 2a Senecio articulatus Candle plant 4 Senecio aureus Golden ragwort 4 Senecio confusus Mexican flame vine 1 Senecio jacobaea Ragwort, tansy 4 Senecio mikanioides Ivy, water 4 Senecio mikanioides Parlor ivy 4 Senecio petasitis Geranium, California 4 Senecio petasitis Geranium, velvet 4 Senecio spp Dusty miller 4 Senecio spp Rosary beads (not to be confused 4 with Rosary vine) Senecio spp Rosary pearls 4 Senecio spp String of beads 4 Senecio spp String of pearls 4 Sesbania punicea False poinciana 4 Sesbania punicea Rattlebox 4 Sesbania vesicaria Coffee bean 4 Solandra grandiflora Silvercup 4 Solandra longiflora Chalice vine 4 Solandra spp Solandra 4 Solandra spp Trumpet flower or Trumpet plant 4 Solanum aculeatissimum Fishtail palm 4 Solanum capsicastrum Christmas orange 4 Solanum capsicastrum False Jerusalem cherry 4 Solanum carolinense Wild tomato 4 Solanum dulcamara Devil's apple 4 Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, blue 4 Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, climbing 4 Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, deadly 4 Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, poisonous 4 Solanum dulcamara Nightshade, woody 4 Solanum eleagnifolium Devils tomato 4 Solanum eleagnifolium Tomato, devil's 4 Solanum jasminoides Potato vine 4 Solanum nigrum Nightshade, black 4 Solanum nigrum Nightshade, common 4 Solanum nigrum Poison berry 4 Solanum pseudocapsicum Jerusalem cherry 3 Solanum pseudocapsicum Ornamental pepper 3 Solanum seaforthianum Star potato vine 3 Solanum spp Deadly nightshade 4 Solanum tuberosum Potato (all green parts) 4 Sophora japonica Japanese pagoda tree 4 Sophora japonica Weeping pagoda tree 4 Sophora secundiflora Mescal bean 4 Spartium junceum Spanish broom 3 Spartium junceum Weaver's broom 3 Spartium scoparium Irish tops 4 Spartium scoparium Scotch broom 4 Spathiphyllum spp Mauna loa 2a Spathiphyllum spp Peace lily 2a Spathiphyllum spp Snowflower 2a Spathiphyllum spp Spathe flower 2a Spathiphyllum spp Spathiphyllum 2a Spigelia marilandica Carolina pink 4 Spigelia marilandica Indian pink 4 Spigelia marilandica Pinkroot 4 Stillingia spp Queen's delight 1 Stillingia sylvatica Queen's root 1 Streptosolen jamesonii Marmalade bush 4 Strychnos nux-vomica Poison nut 4 Symphoricarpos spp Indian currant 3 Symphoricarpos spp Snowberry 3 Symphoricarpos spp Wax berry 3 Symphoricarpus spp Coral berry 3 Symphytum officinale Comfrey 4 Symphytum officinale Slippery root 4 Symplocarpus foetidus Polecat weed 2a Symplocarpus foetidus Skunk cabbage 2a Symplocarpus foetidus Skunkweed 2a Syngonium podophyllum Arrowhead vine 2a Syngonium podophyllum Nephthytis 2a

T Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Tabebuia spp Trumpet tree 1,3 Tagetes erecta Marigold, big 1 Tanacetum vulgare Golden buttons 1,3 Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 1,3 Taxus baccata English yew 4 Taxus baccata Yew 4 Taxus sieboldii Taxus 4 Thevetia peruviana Be still tree 4 Thevetia peruviana Lucky seed 4 Thevetia peruviana Oleander, yellow 4 Thevetia peruviana Yellow oleander 4 Toxicodendron diversilobum Western poison oak 1 Toxicodendron quercifolium Eastern poison oak 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poison vine 1 Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy 1 Toxicodendron spp Poison creeper 1 Toxicodendron spp Poison oak 1 Toxicodendron vernicifluum Lacquer tree 1 Toxicodendron vernix Poison dogwood 1 Toxicodendron vernix Poison elder 1 Toxicodendron vernix Poison sumac 1 Tulipa spp Tulip 1,3

U Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Ulmus fulva Slippery elm 1 Urechites spp Allamanda, wild 4 Urechites spp Nighshade, yellow 4 Urginea maritima Red squill 4 Urginea maritima Sea onion 4 Urginea maritima Squill 4 Urtica spp Nettle, stinging 1

V Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Valeriana officinales Valerian 4 Veratrum spp Corn lily 4 Veratrum spp Skunk cabbage 4 Veratrum spp Veratrum 4 Veratrum viride Green hellebore 4 Veratrum viride Hellebore 4 Veratrum viride Indian poke 4 Verbena spp Verbena 1 Vinca major Blue buttons 4 Vinca major Vinca major 4 Vinca minor Myrtle 4 Vinca minor Vinca minor 4 Vinca rosea Periwinkle 4 Vinca rosea Vinca rosea 4 Viola cornuta Johnny jump up (seeds only) 3 Viola odorata Viola (seeds only) 3 Viola odorata Violet (seeds only) 3 Viola tricolor Pansy (seeds only) 3 Viscum album Mistletoe, European 3

W Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Wisteria fructescens Wisteria 3

X Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Xanthium spp Cocklebur 1,3

Z Latin or scientific name Common Name Rating Zamia spp Cycads 4 Zamia spp Cycas 4 Zamia spp Sago cycas 4 Zamia spp Zamia 4 Zantedeschia aethiopica Lily, arum 2a Zantedeschia aethiopica Lily, pig 2a Zantedeschia aethiopica Lily, trumpet 2q Zantedeschia aethiopica Trumpet lily 2a Zantedeschia spp Calla lily 2a Zephyranthes atamasco Atamasco lily 1,3 Zephyranthes atamasco Rain lily 1,3 Zephyranthes atamasco Zephyr lily 1,3 Zigadenus elegans Camus, white 4 Zigadenus nuttallii Poison camus 4 Zigadenus or Zygadenus spp Death camus 4 Zigadenus or Zygadenus venenosus Snakeroot, black 4

Revised and completed 4-6-2009

References:

Klasco RK (Ed): POISINDEX® System. Thomson Reuters, Greenwood Village, Colorado (Volume 138 Edition expires 12/2008).

Nelson LS, Shih RD and Balick MJ: Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants 2nd Ed. Springer Science Publishing. 2007

Olson KR (Editor) “Plants” Chapter in Poisoning & Drug Overdose 5th Ed. Lange/McGraw Hill. 2007