Spring at the Cape

A Greentours Trip Report

7th to 22nd September 2012

Led by Paul Cardy and Callan Cohen

Daily Accounts written by Paul Cardy Systematic Lists compiled by Paul Cardy, with also much information from Callan Cohen

Days 1 and 2 Friday 7th & Saturday 8th September Arrival and Kirstenbosch

I travelled to the airport from Houhoek, arriving to learn of a short delay to the arriving flight. Thus I drove to our guesthouse and there met Joe and Mary who had arrived the previous evening. After sorting a few practicalities I returned to the airport and met Callan. The group arrived in due course and soon we were all assembled, and, vehicle loaded, we drove the short distance to the leafy suburb of Pinelands. We were immediately spotting common such as Egyptian Goose, Hadada Ibis, Blacksmith Plover, and Hartlaub’s Gull.

Bronwyn welcomed us to the lovely Howard’s End Manor, and we settled into the excellent rooms, taking up most of guest house. There followed a short break, with time to change and unpack, but there was so much to see we were keen to get into the field as soon as possible. The weather was excellent today continuing a recent rather warm spell.

The first stop, at the Observatory, not far from the hotel, was intended to target just one , the critically endangered Moraea aristata, this being the sole remaining site for it. Not only was the target Moraea in superb flower, and in some numbers, but there were many many other things of interest, not least more petaloid monocots.

As we walked towards the Moraea aristata the lawns held some fine Sparaxis grandiflora, and Ixia maculata, and there were several patches of meriana, the first of many of the we would see. The orange Baeometra uniflora and the blue Geissorhiza aspera were in flower, and although somewhat closed when we arrived, they gradually opened towards the end of our visit. As well as the very special Moraea there was one patch of the lovely Moraea vegeta (the only place we saw it), and the common Tulp, Moraea miniata. Weedy composites began with Arctotheca calendula, Dimorphotheca pluvialis, Ursinia anthemoides, and Cotula turbinata. Oxalis pes- caprae was familiar from the Mediterranean, where it is a serious weed. Superficially very similar but with flattened petioles was Oxalis compressa. Other European weeds included Erodium moschatum, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium angustifolium, Euphorbia helioscopia, Euphorbia Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 1 peplus, and Euphorbia esula. Other included Asparagus scandens, Hermannia hyssopifolia, and Searsia lucida. The startling red Babiana villosa here originated from the gardens!

Many Large Whites were on the wing, there were a few African Monarchs, and two of the skipper Metisella metis. There were even a few odonata, namely Ischnura senegalensis, Sympetrum fonscolombei, and Orthetrum caffrum. Birds seen during our visit included Long-tailed Cormorant and Yellow-billed Duck. Romulea rosea flowered in the lawns, together with the very different small white-flowered form, var. australis.

Finally we dragged ourselves away and made the short drive to Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden where we enjoyed an excellent and substantial lunch in the upper restaurant, at an outside table. Prinias and Cape Robin Chats sang. The adjacent bookshop was tempting, but the one at the main entrance was altogether more inviting. A few Acraea horta were on the wing, here using Kiggelaria africana as a foodplant.

Kirstenbosch is a large and important botanic garden, the extensive planted areas boasting a wealth of native flora; a superb succulent collection in the glasshouse; and, in the upper part, native on the lower slopes of Table Mountain. A short visit such as ours can only scratch the surface, but we made the best of our time here.

So it was to the bookshop. Whilst the group stocked up on those essential field guides, Callan and I drooled at the selection of rare books in the cabinet, but having both just bought copies of the lovely new Cape Orchid book we left the Pelargonium monograph there yet again! Then it was into the gardens. We strolled slowly upwards, admiring the fine plantings, with Table Mountain looming above, the lower slopes of fynbos not far from the upper edge of the garden.

Geranium Bronze was on the wing around its foodplant, and Cape Peninsula Moss Frog was calling. The gardens are a fine birdwatching site, and we had good views of species such as Cape Robin Chat, Southern Double-collared Sunbird, Cape White-eye, and Cape Spurfowl. Some were able to photograph Cape Sugarbird. A highlight today was a very closely perched Spotted Eagle-Owl on a branch above the path, with Callan pointing out the fact there was an even closer perched about two feet from us behind a rock!

Oxalis purpurea coloured areas of lawn pink, and Oxalis obtusa was seen too. Once in the fynbos we were faced with a wealth of , many from very unfamiliar families. The pink flowered legume Podalyria calyptrata was in fine flower, but Virgilia oroboides was in fruit. Cape Sweet Pea Dipogon lignosus; Indigofera filiformis; and the tar scented Bolusafra bituminosa were among the other legumes. We were pleased to find the orchid Satyrium odorum. The anemone relative Knowltonia vesicatoria grew in the shade, and Erica hirtiflora was in flower. Cunonia capensis was of great interest as its only surviving relatives occur in New Caledonia.

The impressive feathery flowering heads of Phylica pubescens were admired, the only Geranium incanum of the tour was here, and Senecio purpureus and Senecio pubigerus were both recorded. African Olive Pigeon was seen well, and the elusive Lemon Dove was seen by some in the undergrowth. Sombre Greenbul skulked, revealing itself by call. The unusual gentian Chironia baccifera had red berries.

Attractive Silver Trees dotted the hillside here and there, and representing the same family were Protea coronata; Waboom, Protea nitida; and the tree Brabejum stellatifolium. Among the

Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 2 many other plants recorded were Oftia africana, Struthiola ciliata, , Cynanchum africanum, Podocarpus elongatus, and Asparagus rubicundus. Among the many and trees were Canthium inerme, Clutea pulchella, Olea europaea africana, Rhus tomentosa, Cassine peragua, Gymnosporium senegalensis, Curtisia dentata, Maytenus oleoides and Diospyros wighteana. The only Wachendorfia thyrsoides of the tour was in bud. Ferns included Mohria caffrorum, Pelaea pteroides, Blechnum punctulatum, Blechnum australe and Histiopteris incisa. Cape Lappet larva was found on the path.

Weary after the flight and a very rewarding introduction to the wealth of wildlife here, we made our way back to the vehicle, and thence the guesthouse, preparing for dinner, which was in a restaurant a short drive away. The food was excellent, as was the wine, as we looked forward to the rest of an excellent tour.

Day 3 Sunday 9th September Cape Peninsula

Today, after an excellent breakfast at Howard’s End, we spent exploring the Cape Peninsula. Starting in persistent rain in Cape Town we were soon in much improved weather. Rain came again at Boulders but the rest of the day was dry, if rather windy, until we arrived back at the guest house again to rain!

Roadsides on the pass south of Muizenberg had orange spikes of Satyrium coriifolium, but in a place impossible for us to stop. Our first scheduled stop was at the African Penguin colony at Boulder’s Beach. Here we walked past a series of souvenir stalls and thence onto a boardwalk that allowed us to get within inches of the penguins, allowing fine photographs. Many individuals were here, with several chicks. This species is also known as Jackass Penguin due to its call.

Rocks out to sea had many Cape Cormorants, as well as Swift Terns, and Black Oystercatcher was ‘scoped. Kelp Gulls were much in evidence and Cape Robin Chat was active in the scrub. A Rock Hyrax was seen before the rain started. The dune vegetation featured Rhus glauca and Lycium tomentosum, and Tarchonanthus camphoratus grew around the entrance buildings. Speckled Pigeon and Cape Wagtail were seen around the habitation here.

Further south along the impressive coast, the shrubby Scabiosa africana flowering on the roadsides, we reached Cape Point Reserve, with fine fynbos vegetation. Our first botanical stop in the park was to see some fine examples of the broomrape Hyobanche sanguinea. This proved to be an excellent spot and we spent the remainder of the morning here, continuing to find new plants. Among the many species here were Muraltia ericoides, Lobelia pinifolia, fascicularis, Adenandra uniflora, Adenandra viscida, Erica imbricata, Drosera trinervia, Penaea mucronata, Gnidia pinifolia, and Struthiola ciliata. The first of several Pterygodium catholicum were here, and a good find was another small orchid, Disa obliqua. The Silky-puff, a small pink flowered protea, was very attractive. There was a fine selection of restios. Among the other heaths were Erica coriifolia and Erica labialis. Muraltia filiformis was added to our plant list.

One marshy area had a fine show of the white flowered Onixotis punctata. An interesting find was a piece of old ordnance, a shell or something similar, very rusty. We had first found this here three years ago, but were still puzzled about which conflict it could date from. An Angulate Tortoise was admired. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 3

The fynbos here had some fine proteoid patches with Leucadendron salignum, the very yellow Leucadendron laureolum, and Serruria glomerata. Nearby Serruria villosa, beautiful floriferous Mimetes fimbriifolius, and Leucospermum conocarpodendron became conspicuous.

Lunch was eaten at an empty coastal car park with fine views west across the ocean. Babiana ambigua and Androcymbium eucomoides were both soon found, and Melaspherula ramosa was growing in a rather open site around the car park. A bout of sea watching proved rather productive with reasonable to good views of Shy Albatross, White-chinned Petrels, Sooty Shearwater, and the more prosaic Cape Gannets through the telescopes. Among the many other plants here were Staavia radiata, Thesium viridifolium, Manulea cheiranthus, Gymnodiscus capillaris, and Asparagus lignosus, and the small white flowered Geissorhiza similis was new for us. Having appreciated the views at this, almost the southernmost point of the continent (the southernmost point is Cape Agulhas), we headed back into the fynbos.

Another short stop yielded Drosera trinervia in flower and at the next site were Lobostemon montanus, Saltera sarcocolla, Syncarpha speciosissima, and Moraea collina. Next we wandered into a slightly marshy area to admire the beautiful Mimetes hirtus, with attendant Malachite Sunbirds. Also in this area was the yellow flowered Aspalathus carnosa.

Next we had superb views of a small group of Bontebok beside the road.

The last stop of the day yielded the creeping Leucodendron hypophyllocarpodendron, as well as Hebenstretia repens, Euphorbia tubulosa, Tetragonia rosea, Ruschia sarmentosa, Trachyandra ciliata, Thesium strictum, Bulbine annua and Trichocephalus stipularis.

We travelled back along the impressive and rugged west coast of the peninsula, the sun beginning to set over the waves, with striking cloud formations too. At an impressive coastal stop Callan gave us a short talk on the geology of the area. Back in Pinelands after dark, at the end of a very productive day, we quickly prepared for dinner. This we again ate nearby at the Italian restaurant in the Howard Centre, which was very pleasant. Driving back to Howard’s End a pair of Spotted Thick-knees took exception to the vehicle and followed us to the guest house to investigate further.

Day 4 Monday 10th September West Coast, Darling Area, and to Langebaan

Today we left Pinelands, the weather fine, and headed for the west coast, north of Cape Town. Wetlands north of town had Black-winged Stilts, Great White Pelicans, and a selection of other waterbirds. The traffic was not heavy, and we made good progress to our first stop, near a filling station, where we saw the only Gladiolus speciosus of the tour. Here was much Lachenalia pallida in flower, and a selection of amaryllid leaves including Brunsvigia orientalis and Crossyne guttata. Alien weeds such as Purple Viper’s Bugloss, Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium hirtum, and Erodium botrys were a feature. African Clouded Yellow was on the wing. After a brief snack shopping and bathroom stop we were back on the road.

At the next stop the fascinating Babiana ringens flowered commonly on one stretch of roadside. This is a remarkable plant, whose highly specialised structure has a modified sterile stem forming a central spike to serve as a perch for pollinating Malachite Sunbirds. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 4

At this same stop were many other things of interest. Among the other petaloid monocots were Gladiolus carinatus, Lachenalia variegata, Moraea minor and Wachendorfia multiflora, and the orchid Corycium orobanchoides was in flower. Manuleaeoid Scrophulariaceae were well represented with at least Nemesia affinis, Lyperia triste, Hebenstreitia repens, Hebenstreitia robusta, and Hemimeris sabulosa. Cysticapnos vesicaria was an interesting twining fumitory with small pink flowers and inflated pods, and the red tubular flowers of Microloma sagittatum were bird tongue pollinated. The brown flowered Salvia lanceolata; Tetragonia fruticosa and Tetragonia nigrescens; the orange flowered and strongly scented Hermannia angustibracteata; Oxalis obtusa; and the endemic Ruschia indecora were all here too. Both Trachyandra hirsutiflora and Trachyandra revoluta were in bloom. Osteospermum clandestinum and Muraltia spinosa were among the many other species here. The homeria here was Moraea minor. Grey-backed Cisticola gave display flights and Sand Rain Frog was calling.

The next stop also proved to support a wealth of plant species, and a pair of displaying Blue Cranes in a nearby field caused much interest. No sooner had we got out of the van than we almost stepped on the diminutive orchid Disperis villosa, and also here was Pterygodium catholicum, both pollinated by the same oil-collecting bee. Wachendorfia brachyandra, a member of the Haemodoraceae, was common. Lachenalia longibracteata was identified, Pelargonium triste was very attractive, and there was a lone Zaluzianskya divaricata. Next was an impromptu stop for a superb show of Gladiolus alatus, and much Romulea hirsuta.

All that was only a taster for what was to come at a farm set aside for the wealth of flowers. We knew we were in for a treat. Before starting to explore we enjoyed a very good picnic lunch. It’s difficult to know how to express the fine floral show here, but here are some of the highlights. Much Moraea tripetala, the inner reduced almost to short hairs giving a three-petalled appearance; several of the purple and red Geissorhiza radians, and its co-mimic Babiana rubrocyanea; Geissorhiza monanthos; the large pink flowers of the leafy stemmed Drosera cistiflora; Salvia africana-caerulea; the onion scented Tulbaghia capensis; Sparaxis bulbifera; the also European Triglochin bulbosa; Lachenalia pallida; the orange flowered Ixia maculata; Moraea fugax and Moraea bituminosa; the brick red and small flowered Moraea gawleri; Albuca cooperi; the flat to the ground umbellifer Arctopus echinatus with central spiny bracts; the shrubby borage Lobostemon fruticosus; Trachyandra chlamydophylla and Trachyandra filiformis; and Lapeirousia jacquinii. Lachenalia unifolia was added to the growing Lachenalia list.

There was so much going on that we hardly had a second to look at anything else, but Bokmakierie was here, and Blue Cranes were calling from a nearby field. The satyrid Boland Brown was common here, and we would see it at many sites during the tour. The plants continued with Ursinia anthemoides, Aspalathus hispida, and Spiloxene capensis.

Once through the small town of Darling, we visited another small flower reserve. Cloud Cisticola performed high aerial display flights here. This reserve supports the only known population of Geissorhiza darlingensis but it flowers a little later in the year. The showy Ornithogalum thyrsoides was much in evidence, Babiana ambigua was in flower, and Babiana angustifolia was common. Spiloxene canaliculata was another speciality of the area. The yellow flowered legume Lebeckia plukenetiana was found, and Indigofera procumbens had attractive spikes of salmon flowers. Romulea tabularis was identified and the yellow ‘mesem’ Carpanthea pomeridiana was in flower. A largish pond here supported Red-billed Teal, Cape Shoveler, and Red-knobbed Coot. I located a group of Gladiolus trichonemifolius in a marshy seep, and in so

Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 5 during flushed a pair of African Snipe. The attractive larva of Cherry Spot moth, the foodplants of which are species of Ornithogalum and Albuca, was seen here and proved to be very common this year, seen at many sites.

Now heading purposefully for our accommodation in Langebaan we arrived at dusk. Steenbok was noted en route. Most settled into the rooms of the Glenfinnan Guesthouse, whilst Callan stayed in the just as comfortable and well equipped stylish guesthouse next door.

Callan drove us to a very good waterside restaurant for dinner. The shore here supported Arctotheca populifolia.

Day 5 Tuesday 11th September West Coast National Park

We awoke to perfect weather in Langebaan, and after enjoying the excellent breakfast at Glenfinnan, we set out to explore the West Coast National Park, a short drive from town saw us arriving at the northern park gate. The fine views of Langebaan lagoon and coast prompted a photographic stop which yielded much else besides. Oncosiphon suffruticosum, Arctotis hirsuta, Helichrysum revolutum, and Othonna coronopifolia were among the composites, and Lycium ferocissimum was in bloom. The attractive small Zaluzianskya parviflora was here, and Lachenalia pustulata was added to the list. Black-shouldered Kite hovered.

The park comprises Langebaan Lagoon, and the surrounding strandvelt, and includes varied habitats such as coastal dunes, salt marsh, wetlands, and fynbos.

The strandveld vegetation had much Euphorbia mauritanica, with its distinctive yellow bracts. The tall yellow and green flowered Albuca here was Albuca fragrans, and indeed was strongly sweet scented. The drive around the lagoon was punctuated by Ostrich sightings; a fine close African Marsh Harrier; and an impressive immature Martial Eagle. Grey-winged Francolin was seen well. We had to make a short stop for the first of much fine Grielum grandiflorum and saw too the lovely Sutherlandia frutescens. Another stop produced Ballota africana and Stachys aethiopica. Stoibrax capense, an umbellifer, was added to our list. There was much Zaluzianskya villosa, and Gazania pectinata and Arctotis stoechadifolia were much in evidence. Melianthus elongatus was in flower. A good find was Babiana tubiflora in the dunes.

We reached the Postberg section of the park, open only in August and September. Here were a good selection of ungulates, but with a rather complex situation regarding which are native. Bontebok and Cape Mountain Zebras, both reintroduced and native to the area, grazed on the open grassland, as did Springbok, also native here. A male Eland was seen too.

Postberg was incredibly busy with visitors today. The superb floral show this year and the fine weather meant that almost unbelievable numbers of cars were motoring around the tracks here, quite unlike anything we’d seen here previously. Nevertheless we managed to more or less do our own thing, and anyway stopping opportunities are strictly limited inside the reserve. We did manage to stray off the track at one location, finding the lovely endemic Ixia purpureorosea, the wonderful Spider Lily Ferraria crispa scrambling through a bush, and the first of many of a blue form of Moraea fugax. The purple composite here was Felicia tenella, and there were also Euphorbia burmannii and Roepera morgsana. Ruschia langebaanensis was another local endemic. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 6

Having reached the designated parking area where we were allowed to get out and wander around, it was already time for lunch. Hartlaub’s Gull waited expectantly near the cars. After lunch we set out on a short walk. Things started with the impressive red Silene bellidioides. The red Pelargonium fulgidum was also striking, and there was Pelargonium hirtum too. Between the bushes was the hairless yellow flowered gentian Sebaea exacoides, and the Cape Sweet Pea Dipogon lignosus was in bloom. Monocots included Trachyandra muricata, Asparagus capensis, Drimia exuviata and Babiana tubulosa. Chasmanthe floribunda was just still in flower. Among other species here were the pink flowered Podalyria argentea; the twining Cyphia crenata; Nemesia affinis; the small, orange flowered Ornithogalum maculatum; the last plant in the Fynbos book – Hemimeris sabulosa; and Muraltia harveyana. Karoo Girdled Lizard was seen well. Across the bay were good views of Langebaan.

A stop in the dunes produced Euphorbia caput-medusae, Limeum africanum, and some fine Grielum humifusum.

The last stop of the day produced Wurmbea spicata and the diminutive Ornithogalum multiflorum.

Back at the guesthouse we met for the serious task of the first plant checklist session, chez moi. After that we returned to the same restaurant as last evening for another excellent dinner, again with great wine available.

Day 6 Wednesday 12th September to Nieuwoudtville via Clanwilliam

Today we left Langebaan for the varied journey to Nieuwoudtville. Blue Cranes were one of the first things of note. The salt marshes at Veldriff had a selection of waterbirds including White-breasted Cormorant, African Darter, and Grey Heron.

Moving east the roadsides now had much Leucospermum rodolentum, typical of sandvelt, and the only place we would see it. Our journey took us through varied landscapes, much agriculture, and along some more major roads. Callan explained the phenomenon of the many small mounds visible in the fields in one area as being those of an extinct termite species, the mounds now occupied by another species of termite.

Jackal Buzzard became regular, and there were several patches of the stately Melianthus major.

After a service station stop we motored north, with regular short hold ups at stop/go signs. A first stop in the Cedarberg was very productive, with Sparaxis meterlekampiae, Lapeirousia fabricii, Convolvulus capensis, Nemesia cheiranthus, and a few puzzles! The impressive Euryops speciosissimus was a feature of the area.

Nearing Clanwilliam, another roadside stop yielded Ferraria uncinata, Pelargonium scabrum, Babiana ecklonii, Lapeirousia jacquinii, Heeria argentea, Tetragonia nigrescens, Didelta spinosa, the European Weasel’s Snout, and much more. There was some beautiful Gladiolus venustus here. Citrus Swallowtail was on the wing around the orange groves.

We ate our picnic at tables outside a welcoming farm shop. Pin-tailed Whydah and Streaky- headed Seedeater were here, and Moraea miniata was in flower. A short exploration of the

Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 7 slopes here proved very productive. The lovely orange Crassula dichotoma was common, and Tetragonia rosea was in flower. The impressive Lebeckia cytisoides, and a distinctive spurge Euphorbia loricata were both new to us. Agathosma capensis, Hebenstreitia dentata, Lachenalia trichophylla, Hermannia trifurca, and Diascia bicornuta were among many plants added to the list. Red-sided Skinks were here and the lovely Warrior Silver-spotted Copper was admired.

A later short stop produced the fine Gladiolus orchidiflorus, and the pretty annual Pelargonium senecioides.

Before long we were in the arid landscape of the karoo, with much Acacia karoo scrub. Greater Kestrel frequented the area. We took a detour onto a side track late afternoon and had a brief look at the fascinating vegetation here. One of our targets here was the succulent ‘babies bottoms’, a species of Argyroderma. We found a fine patch as well as Aloe variegata in flower; many unidentified ‘mesems’; much Moraea serpentina; Crassula columnaris; and Cyanella hyacinthoides. Here we had superb views of the first of several Ludwig’s Bustards we would see in the area.

Next we climbed the escarpment towards Vanrhyns Pass, stopping briefly for the views, and seeing Tylecodon paniculatus and Ficus cordata on the slopes. Nearing the end of the journey those in my vehicle saw a Malachite Kingfisher.

Just after dark saw us rolling into the farmstead of De Lande and settling into the rooms before enjoying a raved about dinner of delicious lamb, with a fire roaring in the corner, and as usual good wine available.

Day 7 Thursday 13th September Nieuwoudtville Wild Flower Reserve

The fields around the farm buildings were full of the yellow spikes of Bulbinella nutans, and the salmon coloured Moraea bifida, which coloured whole areas around Nieuwoudtville. Cyanella alba flowered in pasture behind the farmhouse. Common Waxbill, Karoo Thrush, Mountain Wheatear, and Greater-striped Swallows were among the conspicuous birds around the farm.

Initially we travelled south to a farmhouse for our visit to a nearby waterfall. Ixia rapunculoides was numerous on the roadsides. The common Southern Red Bishop was much admired, as was Yellow Bishop. Cape Shelduck frequented a small area of water, Large-billed Lark was here, and Banded Martins flew low over the vegetation. Anchusa capensis resembled European members of the genus. A short stop yielded many fine examples of both Lachenalia elegans and Lachenalia mutabilis. Here there was much Polycarena formosa and the Beetle Daisy, Gorteria diffusa. There was an old Aardvark burrow here and probable evidence of Cape Gerbil, and of Cape Golden Mole. Nearby were some live mammals, Rock Hyraxes, and then a troop of Chacma Baboons moving across the grassland.

Nearing the waterfall we parked, finding the fine leaved Euryops tenuissimus growing by the vehicle. A short rocky walk led us to the edge of the gorge and fine views of an impressive narrow waterfall tumbling into it, and a green pool at the bottom. This was a remarkable landscape, with hardly a sign of human interference. After admiring the view we turned our attention to the plants, which were many and varied. Felicia filifolia, Oedera squarrosa, and the fumitory Trigonocapnos lichtensteinii were noted, and a highlight was the unusual Whiteheadia Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 8 bifolia. The orchids Holothrix aspera and Holothris secunda were both in good flower. Among the many other species here were Bulbine praemorsa, Lachenalia mutabilis, Lobostemon laevigatus, Arctotis revoluta, , Crassula muscosa, Crassula alpestris, and Crassula atropurpurea. The shrub Dodonaea angustifolia was of interest as it has a widespread global distribution. Other shrubs included Osyris compressa and Diospyros glabra.

Verreaux’s Eagle soared over the gorge giving fine views, and there was a pale phase Booted Eagle too.

Nearby was a specimen of the rosaceous tree Cliffortia arborea, a relict and now very scarce member of a large Cape genus. Geissorhiza divaricata, elata, Heliophila amplexicaulis, Salvia dentata and Oxalis ambigua were here too. The large Aloe mitriformis was in impressive flower. The Elephant’s Foot, Dioscorea elephantipes, was a pleasing find. As we left African Harrier-hawk was in the air.

A drive back through the small town of Nieuwoudtville to our lunch site revealed a fine floral show, and we were some time before any of us was interested in eating. On the way we stopped for the surprise of a group of Meerkats moving characterfully across a meadow at Hantam, apparently a new record for the reserve. Another stop was prompted by an African Spoonbill of which we had fine close views. Black Harrier was seen well in the area.

At the lunch site the Sparaxis tricolor was superb and numerous, and here was Moraea tripetala again. Other petaloid monocots included the pink Hesperantha pauciflora; the yellow Babiana vanzyliae; blue Babiana sambucina; Geissorhiza splendidissima; Geissorhiza sulphurascens; Hesperantha cucullata; the blue spikes of Ixia rapunculoides; Moraea vallisbelli; the only Gladiolus watermeyeri of the trip; and Bulbinella eburniflora.

The orchids here were the endemic Corycium ingeanum, very similar to Corycium orobanchioides. Gazania rigida, the sweetly scented Dolichos decumbens, Cotula microglossa, Cotula nudicaulis, Hebenstreitia parviflora, and Hemimeris sabulosa were all seen too.

After lunch we walked a little further to a streamlet that supported a fine population of Onixotis stricta and the white flowered Spiloxene aquatica. Under the trees were a number of the ‘stemless’ Satyrium pumilum, most in leaf, but we eventually located a few flowers. Another stop had a fine show of another beautiful Sparaxis, Sparaxis elegans, as well as the small yellow flowered mesem Cleretum papulosum.

Our last stop of the day was at the extensive Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve, another great site. The dolerite here had much of the local endemic Bulbinella latifolia doleritica, as well as Androcymbium pulchrum, Lotononis hirsuta, and Alonsoa unilabiata. We set out on foot finding Hesperantha bachmanni, Cyanella lutea, Ornithogalum suaveolens, the lovely Lapeirousia oreogena, Babiana framesii, Bulbinella elegans, Roepera foetida, Melianthus comosus, Stachys rugosa, Cotula microglossa, Diascia veronicoides, Hemimeris centrodes and Geissorhiza inaequalis. The Pineapple Lily, regia, was a highlight, and the impressive Veltheimia capensis was in fruit. The local endemic Zantedeschia odorata was in good flower. Rock Hyraxes frequented a rocky outcrop near where we parked.

The afternoon was drawing to a close and it was time to retire to the farm and catch up with notes after a marvellously varied and productive day. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 9

Day 8 Friday 14th September Nieuwoudtville – Quiver Tree Forest and Hantam

As we left the farm Spike-heeled Lark prompted a stop and whilst we were watching the bird, Callan and I both realised there were many fine Gladiolus uysiae here, one of our target plants today. These were very beautiful short flowers, and Pharnaceum aurantium and Polycarena aurea were here too. Three-banded Plover flew past.

Next, an area of Glacial Pavement had distant calling Namaqua Sandgrouse and the yellow Romulea hirta.

Next we travelled to the Quiver Tree or Kirkeboom Forest. On the way were again a good number of Blue Cranes near Nieuwoudtville. The Quiver Tree is a species of Aloe, Aloe dichotoma, with a remarkable shape, forming a very sparse and open ‘forest’ on a dry rocky hillside, an atmospheric and beautiful place. The karoo flora here was all new to us and we found many good things. As we approched Namaqua Doves flew past, and a spider-hunting wasp was seen as we arrived.

Other birds were much in evidence too, with Lark-like Buntings, Mountain Wheatears, Cape Sparrows, and Grey Tits. Something of a surprise was a flock of European Bee-eaters passing high overhead. There were a few on the wing, mainly Meadow Whites helice, but a fine find was Namaqua Bar. Large Camponotus ants, and an attractive silver dipteran were among the other .

The Karoo Violet, Aptosimum indivisum was particularly attractive, and the spiny shrub Monsonia crassicaule was remarkable for being a geranium, the long stork’s-bill pods showing its affinities. Othonna quercifolia, Arctotis fastuosa, Rhyncopsidium pumilum, Osteospermum sinuatum, Gazania heterochaeta and Gazania lichtensteinii were among the composites; the unusual Codon royenii represented the Boraginaceae; and Euphorbia decussata, Zaluzianskya violacea, Malephora purpureocrocea, and Wahlenbergia androsacea were all here.

Back towards town, passing slopes with many Dorper sheep, white with black heads, we made a short roadside stop that produced some fine plants. The air was sweet with the scent from the large pink-flowered mallow Anisodontea anomala. Here was more fine Gladiolus uysiae, and new was Moraea aspera, with coiled leaves. Wurmbea spicata was in fine flower, as was the Cyanella lutea.

We had to tear ourselves away as we had an appointment with the bus tour at the Hantam Botanic Garden. On arrival there we ate our lunch, either outside, or in the rather well-stocked library which boasted a copy of the coveted three volume Pelargonium monograph!

The bus tour around the reserve here is justly famous, and was rather well attended today, conducted by our friend Eugene. Although we were outnumbered by all the other passengers, as usual the route would take into account what plants we wanted to see. First stop was very close to the buildings where Lapeirousia oreogena was in fine flower. There was much Babiana vanzyliae, and Diascia lewisiae. The Euryops virgatus was very special, some 600 plants of this endemic occuring on the reserve, with just one known example elsewhere! Romulea montana and Gazania rigida were here too.

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Next we walked through renosterveld, chock full of , many of the species already familiar to us, but what a superb display. It has been calculated that up to 20,000 bulbs can occupy a square metre of ground here! There was more fine Sparaxis elegans, as was Moraea tripetala and there was much Geissorhiza splendidissima. Bulbinella elegans, Cyanella alba, and a small white Heliophila were also in bloom. Diascia floribunda and Diascia veronicoides were both here.

Also seen were Arctotis acaulis; Lotononis hirsuta; Androcymbium pulchrum; and the thistle like Berkheya glabrata. A stop was prompted by a superb show of the lovely Hesperantha vaginata, really quite remarkable this year. Here were Diascia cardiosepala and Hemimeris centrodes. The Romulea monadelpha was beautiful, and Moraea odorata was added to the list. Common Quail was heard often around Nieuwoudtville, and was seen here.

It was back in the old rattly bus for a short drive onto the ridge of dolorite where we found Hermannia verdoorniae and Hermannia johansenii; Babiana framesii; Trimen’s Brown and Namaqua Arrowhead; and Ant-eating Chats frequenting the rocks.

Saying farewell to Eugene, the bus, and Hantam, the last scheduled stop of the day was to admire a roadside full of the pink flowered Satyrium erectum. Diligent searching here produced the lovely Disa spathulata too.

It was time to tear ourselves away once more and return to the farm for the last delicious dinner there, and to reflect on what an amazingly productive day it had been. On the way back though Peter, Paul and Valerie stopped to look at the Hesperantha rivulicola now in fine flower, and as a bonus found Lachenalia alba and Gladiolus splendens, both new for the tour.

Day 9 Saturday 15th September Tanqua Karoo to Ceres

Saying farewell to all at De Lande we headed into town and thence east to Calvinia. First however we made a short stop at the culvert so everyone could see the Gladiolus splendens and Lachenalia alba we’d found the previous evening. Here we also saw Lesser Swamp Warbler, and Namaqua Warbler.

Once through Nieuwoudtville and on the main road there were several hold ups at stop/go roadworks, and remarkably at one Fairy Warbler was seen. Also, Ludwig’s Bustard was seen along what is probably the best stretch of road for them anywhere.

In Calvinia there was a chance to sort a few practicalities such as a using an ATM, snack shopping, or a visit to the post office whilst we refuelled the vehicles. Here too was the largest post box in the world!!

Soon we were back in the Karoo, with vast arid landscapes all around, framed by distant flat topped mountains. Composites were as so often a feature and our next stop had quite a variety including Hirpicium alienatum, Ursinia nana, Senecio cinerascens, Arctotis fastuosa, and a fine show of Gazania rigida. Dorotheanthus maughanii and Lotononis maximiliani were among the other species here. Karoo Long-billed Lark was seen briefly.

Various short stops produced a variety of species such as Euryops annuus, Felicia merxmuelleri, Hermannia spinosa, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, Androcymbium volutare, Albuca setosa, Albuca longipes, Lapeirousia pyramidalis, and the nest of Cape Penduline Tit. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 11

Among other birds today were Pale Chanting Goshawk, several Large-billed Larks, Karoo Chat and Tractrac Chat. Greater Honeyguide was heard at the lunch site.

Callan picked up on a small group of the nomadic Black-eared Sparrow-larks and a stop gave us reasonable views of this scarce bird. Remarkably they require the presence of a certain trapdoor spider for nesting material and Callan located the trapdoors too. Also here was another sarcocaulon, the pinkish flowered Monsonia salmonifolium. Karoo Eremomela was seen very well.

Another roadside yielded the stunning red flowered Hermannia grandiflora, and Monsonia crassicaule again. One of the later stops had the attractive Gnidia pedunculata with heads of yellow flowers. One of the highlights of the day was a Puff Adder on the road, which both vehicles managed not to run over, and a quick u-turn had us all out of the vehicles and admiring this beautiful for some time before it finally had enough of our attention and moved away.

Another pass brought us near to Ceres and into quite different habitat and landscapes. Here was much Hesperantha bachmannii in flower in the evening light, and the shrubby Dimorphotheca cuneata.

In Ceres we arranged ourselves into the newly refurbished rooms of our hotel in a pleasant part of town, before enjoying a very good dinner.

Day 10 Sunday 16th September Ceres

We awoke to continuing superb weather, indeed it was rather hot today, which made the sprinklings of snow we could see on the not too high mountains around town even more incongruous. A remarkably productive day started with a roadside that boasted beautiful Moraea villosa in stunning bloom, and also the only Moraea macronyx of the tour. Drosera cistiflora was impressive, as was the lovely Spiloxene capensis. Gladiolus venustus was familiar to us, as was Gladiolus alatus. Peter identified Lachenalia juncifolia, and Babiana sambucina, Ixia capillaris, Euphorbia genistoides, and Oxalis lanata rosea were seen too.

At the next site, a burn slope, now three years after the burn, we were especially hoping to find the Spider Orchid, Bartholina burmanniana, with superb finely divided flowers. This we soon located in fine flower. Another highlight was Wurmbea variabilis. The yellow form of Moraea gawleri was numerous, and Moraea galaxia was here too. The local speciality Gladiolus quadrangularis was in flower and there was much Geissorhiza ornithogaloides. Other orchids were Disperis villosa, Pterygodium catholicum, Schizodium cornutum, and Holothrix villosa. Among the many other species were Nemesia barbata, Cyphia spp., Euphorbia tuberosa, and Hyobanche sanguinea. Long-billed Pipit frequented the slopes.

Other shorter stops produced among other things Aspalathus nigra, Albuca juncifolia, and Gomphocarpus cancellatus, whilst the distinctive Babiana lineolata became rather common.

It was time to find some shade for lunch, and this we did near a small homestead. The tulp here was Moraea longistyla and the common pink Ixia was Ixia latifolia. Micheal and Valerie saw

Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 12 a Parrot-beaked Tortoise. A short walk yielded the diminutive Xenoscapa fistulosa which was locally numerous, initially in fruit, but then we found several in flower.

Sheltered banks had the orchids Holothrix aspera, Holothrix villosa, Disperis bolusiana, and Pterygodium pentherianum. As we were about to leave this site I spotted another spider lily, this one Ferraria divaricata, so it was all out of the vehicles again to admire it.

In the afternoon we visited a site of common land to the east of Ceres that Callan had discovered. This produced some fine species such as Moraea angusta, Moraea lugubris, Satyrium bicorne and the local speciality Leucadendron chamelaea. An interesting small asclepiad here, resembling the large Fockea comaru, remains unidentified.

Late afternoon saw us driving a little further north, up to the Gydo Pass, which gave fine views down onto the Ceres valley. Surprisingly this produced few new plants, but the Gladiolus hyalinus was a pleasing addition to the list. The last stop of the day was dominated by a small group of people yelling prayers (?) from a hilltop. Here was Albuca torta. Back at the hotel we enjoyed a buffet dinner.

Day 11 Monday 17th September Ceres to De Hoop

Leaving Ceres the first main stop of the day was a burn site that we had discovered the previous year. Most impressive here were the fine Watsonia meriana, tall plants with striking red flowers. Also found here were Aristea africana, Gladiolus alatus, Sebaea exacoides, and Microloma tenuifolium, and some saw Stapelia hirsuta in fruit.

There followed a service station stop before we reached a Botanic Garden. White-backed Mousebirds were much in evidence, and Fiscal Flycatcher was seen well. Among the plantings, predominantly of local native species, were a good selection of species growing wild. One such was Ornithogalum hispidum, new to us, and a fine Wurmbea marginata was found. The attractive shrub Rhigozum obovatum with its large yellow flowers was much admired, and Nymania capensis was in impressive fruit. The walk ended up at the small but well stocked bookshop, shortly before it closed for lunch, where most found something of interest, but remarkably I bought nothing!

On the tracksides grew the small Moraea setifolia, resembling Barbary Nut. A large Leopard Tortoise, with a badly damaged carapace, came to ‘share’ our lunch, bizarrely completing the same circuitous route more than once. He moved at a surprising pace. Klaas’s Cuckoo was called in by Callan and much admired perched in a tree near the vehicles.

Back on the road we made a stop to admire the beautiful red flowered Drosanthemum speciosum which coloured the roadsides in the area, and also found Drosanthemum hispidum, Hirpicium integrifolium, and a woody ?Wahlenbergia.

We headed south towards the Agulhas Plains on a series of dirt tracks. Here a fine show of the rather actinomorphic blue flowered Moraea polyanthos prompted a stop. Agulhas Long-billed Lark was seen well, and we often heard its distinctive call. There followed fine views of Denham’s Bustard, no fewer than six birds across one slope, and a highlight was a Karoo Korhaan.

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It was now but a short drive to The De Hoop Collection, a beautiful group of Cape Dutch style bungalows and other buildings inside the eponymous nature reserve. We were rather limited for time as remarkably for a hotel anywhere the reception staff apparently went home at 5.30 making check-in after that time all but impossible. So a brief stop to admire yellow Moraea fugax was necessarily short.

Once inside the park we drove down from the limestone ridge onto the limestone flats, all full of new plants that we would have plenty of time to appreciate the next day. Bontebok and Cape Mountain Zebra grazed on the flats, and Cape Francolins were fearless on the lawns. Pleased that the lovely receptionist was still here, we settled into the comfortable chalet rooms, beautifully restored, each with kitchen and dining table, with a wealth of wildlife just outside the door.

There was a chance to catch up with notes etc. before enjoying a very good meal in the impressive restaurant, complete with log fire. Callan kindly came to drive most of the group to the restaurant, but there was the option of walking across to the restaurant. Fiery-necked Nightjars called near the chalets, and walking back that evening I got amazingly close to Bontebok.

Day 12 Tuesday 18th September De Hoop

The day started superbly with Knysna Woodpecker near the rooms, which we watched very well for a long period. Often an elusive species hard to get a good view of, this was a highlight. Chacma Baboons were much in evidence around the chalets, and one had to be careful not to leave doors or windows open! We encountered them often here.

Again we were enjoying continuous fine weather. We started the day on foot, walking from the rooms for an hour or so, along the vlei, focusing on the many birds here. In the scrub were Bar- throated Apalis, Fiscal Flycatcher, Southern Tchagra, and Southern Boubou. On the water were Great Crested Grebe, Cape Teal, Cape Shoveler, Yellow-billed Duck, Southern Pochard, and Red-knobbed Coot. The walk was punctuated by South African Shelduck, Greater Flamingos, Great White Pelicans, a group of Black-crowned Night Herons taking to the air, African Spoonbill, Little Egret, and African Darter. Whiskered Terns flew daintily over the water, and Black Saw-wings, Brown-throated Martins, and Pearl-breasted Swallows were in the air.

The previous year we had watched two Cape Clawless Otters in the vlei, for almost an hour. The chances of repeating that encounter were slim!

Rock Hyrax was seen well. Turning attention to the plants, Dianthus albens was new as was the attractive Jamesbrittenia stellata. The tiny Crassula expansa filicaulis was identified, the small Sebaea micrantha was seen, and Moraea bulbillifera was numerous in the area. Euclea racemosa was here, and the limestone speciality Euryops linearis was a feature of the area.

Back in the vehicles we drove rather purposefully down to the coast, where the dunes held many new plants, among them; Cynanchum africanum, Berkheya coriacea, Helichrysum dasianthum, Helichrysum retortum, Phylica ericoides and Cassine peragua. Thesidium humile and Viscum capense were both parasites, the latter on Osteospermum moniliferum. The leaves of were certainly very pustulate. The attractive Lampranthus amabilis had red flowers. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 14

A short walk here took us onto the rather windsept open dunes where we enjoyed the wonderful spectacle of many Southern Right Whales near to shore. From left to right there were at least thirty of these great mammals, and the views we had were superb. The very impressive Senecio elegans bloomed on the dunes.

Another stop yielded Acmadenia obtusata, Erica propinqua, Euchaetis meridionalis, Struthiola rigida, and Polygala peduncularis. The next stop was prompted by a spectacular Lachenalia, the tubular red flowered Lachenalia bulbifera. Lobostemon curvifolius and Hermannia jaubertiana were in flower and a mystery plant here turned out to be Plexipus cernuus, now called Chascanum cernuum, the only member of the verbena family that we saw on the tour. Denham’s Bustard was again seen well on the limestone flats.

A very good lunch was eaten back at the De Hoop restaurant, at an outside table. This was followed by a short break before we headed out again into the reserve, this time up onto the limestone ridge which produced a wealth of new species in fine limestone fynbos. The dominant proteas were Leucospermum truncatum, Leucadendron muirii, Leucadendron meridianum, and Protea obtusifolia, whilst ericas were represented by Erica coccinea, Erica scytophylla, and Erica bruniifolia. Everlastings were a feature, including Syncarpha chlorochrysum, Syncarpha argyropsis, and Syncarpha canescens. Other species included Polygala peduncularis, Polygala dasyphylla, Otholobium sabulosum, Ursinia dentata, Metalasia calcicola, Acmadenia mundiana, and Wahlenbergia calcarea. Pelargonium betulinum was in impressive flower.

Euchaetis burchelli, Struthiola striata, Struthiola argentea, Coleonema album, Berkheya coriacea and Selago aspera were all identified at the last stop of the day.

As we headed back to the lodge we encountered a very large herd of Eland, perhaps two hundred , and we watched them for some time, observing much fascinating behaviour, such as conflicts between the dominant male and others. Mammal wise a total of three Yellow Mongooses was seen today, Cape Mountain Zebra and Bontebok were a constant presence not far from the lodge, and Grey Rhebok was also seen.

A pre-dinner meeting chez Michael and Valerie had us running through all the fauna lists.

That evening Callan came in the mini-van to rescue me on my walk to dinner, which would have been straight through the large herd of Eland which had moved to the environs of the lodge.

Day 13 Wednesday 19th September De Hoop to Caledon

Today we left the excellent accommodation at De Hoop and headed again up onto the limestone ridge of the park. A short stop yielded Anisodontea scabrosa, and nearby was flowering Podalyria myrtillifolia. Associated with the Anisodontea was a pyrrhocorid ‘Cotton Stainer’ bug. Leonotis leonurus was in flower and a pleasing find was Massonia echinata.

Another stop produced the lovely Gladiolus tristis, and some fine Lachenalia contaminata in a wet meadow. Ixia micrandra was here too. Once on the rather dusty main track a stop was prompted by a circling group of eight of the endangered Cape Vulture in the air, and we had fine views. A little further on were another three of this impressive bird.

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We pressed on through Bredasdorp, the southernmost town in Africa (here we were not far from Cape Agulhas) and on towards Napier where we stopped at a small protected patch of renosterveld, the site indicated by a recently erected sign.

This was an excellent site, and although perhaps not quite as productive as it had been the previous year, we still saw some fine species. Bulbinella barkerae was new to us and the Gladiolus virescens was fine too. The Babiana here was Babiana patersoniae and Diosma hirsuta was added to the list. The pink Ixia longituba was in fine flower, and we found the rosettes of Haworthia minima. Wurmbea marginata was in fine condition, and Hyobanche glabrata was here.

In the small quiet town of Napier we ate a good lunch albeit in a rather strangely run restaurant with a rather rude and supercilious owner. How dare we all order fish and chips!!

Leaving Napier we saw an African Harrier-hawk. We slightly changed our route for the afternoon to take in the Caledon area, where I had found some goodies before the groups arrival. On the way there we just had to stop for a fine show of Watsonia aletroides on a bank, and there also located excellent Pineapple Lilies, the tiny Geissorhiza nana, Gladiolus liliaceus, and Asparagus ovatus.

The first stop near Caledon yielded the stunning local endemic Aristea biflora, which somewhat resembles a Moraea. Moraea lewisiae was new for us, as was Babiana purpurea. Here too were Bulbinella triquetra and Bulbinella caudafelis, and more Watsonia meriana. One slope had much Kniphofia uvaria , the only place we saw it this year. Another area that Peter had spotted near Caledon proved wondefully floriferous with many of these species in profusion, as well as Ixia flexuosa, Wachendorfia paniculata, and Hesperantha falcata.

It was not far to Houhoek and our comfortable accommodation. We enjoyed a very good dinner and then sat by the fireside for a continuation of the plant list.

Day 14 Thursday 20th September Kogelberg

A very extensive burn in the Kleinmond area had proved extremely productive on last years visit, and the same was the case this year. However the flora was already quite different, with impressive resprouting proteas a feature, and generally a rather different composition, several of the geophytes seemingly only appearing the first year after the fire.

Mimetes cucullatus was abundantly resprouting and in fine flower, as was the creeping Leucospermum prostratum. The thistle-like Berkheya barbata was impressive, and there was much Morella quercifolia. Polygala garcinii was in attractive flower, as was Crassula fascicularis. The small asclepiad Eustegia minuta was found. Among the many other species here were Struthiola ciliata, Heliophila scoparia, Trichocephalus stipularis, Roepera sessilifolia, Manulea cheiranthus, Gazania pectinata, Oxalis luteola, and Diospyros glabra. The lovely Wahlenbergia capensis was seen and the broomrape Harveya purpurea.

Fynbos Blue was on the wing and African Fish Eagle and African Black Swifts were in the air. Peter returned clutching two beautiful sprays of a complete mystery plant, one pink, one white, but obviously the same species. Serendipity struck at lunch time when talking to Callan about a

Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 16 possible Lachnaea I’d seen during the morning, we suddenly realised that the mystery plant was also a Lachnaea, the beautiful Lachnaea densiflora, new for the tour.

Another short stop produced Gladiolus trichonemifolius in a wet seep, as well as Acrosanthes teretifolia, Drimia filifolia, Struthiola dodecandra, and Xiphotheca reflexa. The very common tall ragwort here was Senecio rigidus. The estuary shores had Lyperia lychnidea and Manulea tomentosa, and wet roadsides had Strumaria spiralis in flower. The very local endemic Micro Frog was heard but we could only find Clicking Stream Frogs.

It was already time for lunch and a very conveniently situated farmhouse cafe provided an excellent quick and good lunch, with Peter, Paul, and Mary presiding at the head of the table!

In the afternoon we visited the nearby Kogelberg reserve. Here was fine Watsonia coccinea in bloom. Indigofera glomerata was identified. The fern Todea barbara was here and Victorin’s Warbler called. As rain was predicted in the morning we decided it would be best to travel back to Houhoek and visit a site there that we knew would be productive, to avoid missing it due to bad weather tomorrow. There the highlight was perhaps the lovely pink Geissorhiza schinzii, but the Phaenocoma prolifera was also stunning. Microdon dubius, Berzelia lanuginosa and Edmondia fasciculata were among the many other species here too.

Back at the hotel Swee and Common Waxbills were active near the rooms.

We enjoyed another good dinner, followed by a final plant list session by the fireside.

Day 15 Friday 21st September Betty’s Bay, Cape Town, and Departure

All good things come to an end, and today was the last day of the tour. It was indeed raining heavily this morning which made loading the vehicles rather a challenge, and made us rethink our plans for the last morning spent in the field.

Initially we drove down to the coast at Betty’s Bay where from the car we saw both Crowned and Bank Cormorants, and Kittlitz’s Plover. Gladiolus debilis was in flower nearby and a brief wet stop at the marshes yielded Prince-of-Wales Heath Erica perspicua and the lovely yellow Erica patersoniae, as well as Osmitopsis asteriscoides and Serruria adscendens. It is an indication of the incredible floral richness of the Cape that even on the last day, almost anywhere we stopped would continue to yield new species for us. The pink flowered and straggly Protea compacta was a feature of the area.

We arrived at Harold Porter Botanic Garden still in persistent rain, so a visit to the bookshop was in order, where most of us found something, and of course I bought a few more volumes! There followed a good lunch and then time for a short wander around the gardens. Common Dotted Border was on the wing. One large room was being set up for the imminent wild flower show and a bit a friendly persuasion saw the organisers allowing us in for a preview. This was a fascinating exercise, and we added a few identifications to the list by doing this, although also corrected a couple of mis-labellings. The show of restios was particularly good.

After that it was time for the purposeful drive back to Cape Town along the very impressive coastline until we reached the N2. Arriving in Pinelands mid-afternoon, Callan took us to his Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 17 home, where the group used separate rooms to change, repack, and prepare for the flight. We also enjoyed tea and coffee and a selection of cakes left for us by Marje. A search in the garden failed to find any Cape Dwarf Chameleons today. I took Mary and Joe to drop their luggage at Howard’s End, we really had come full circle, so they could come with us to the airport to collect their hire car unencumbered. All went smoothly at the airport, and the flight was on time with good service.

At the airport we said our sad farewells to Callan after a superb tour. Back in Heathrow the next morning, we all said our farewells, and I rushed to Terminal 1 to catch a flight via Germany to Turin.

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South Africa Systematic Lists 2012

The Itinerary

Day 1. Friday 7th September. Departure from UK. Day 2. Saturday 8th September. Arrival. Pinelands. Observatory. Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden. Day 3. Sunday 9th September. Boulder’s Beach. Cape Point. Day 4. Monday 10th September. Mamre. Waylands. Darling. Tienie Versveld. Langebaan. Day 5. Tuesday 11th September. West Coast National Park, including Postberg. Day 6. Wednesday 12th September. Velddrif. Clanwilliam. Van Rhyn’s Pass. Knersvlakte. Nieuwoudtville. Day 7. Thursday 13th September. Nieuwoudtville. Papkuilsfontein. Bikoes. Wild flower reserve. Day 8. Friday 14th September. Nieuwoudtville. Quiver Tree Forest. Hantam botanic garden. Day 9. Saturday 15th September. Calvinia. Tanqua Karoo. Ceres. Day 10. Sunday 16th September. Ceres area. Day 11. Monday 17th September. Ceres to Worcester. Karoo Botanic Garden. Robertson. Swellendam. De Hoop. Day 12. Tuesday 18th September. De Hoop. Day 13. Wednesday 19th September. De Hoop. Bredasdorp. Napier. Caledon. To Houhoek Inn. Day 14. Thursday 20th September. Rooisand. Kogelberg. Day 15. Friday 21st September. Harold Porter Botanic Garden. Cape Town. Departure. Day 16. Saturday 22nd September. Arrival UK.

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Systematic List Number 1 Plants

Compiled by Paul Cardy

This is based on the plant list created from scratch on our first tour here in 2009 (PC and CC), and includes additions from the 2010 tour (OM and CC), and the 2011 tour (PC and CC), and now the 2012 tour. Species not seen in 2012 are retained in the list together with the year they were last seen. Many species were added this year and are annotated 2012. A few species are retained from sites not visited in 2012 to keep the list as complete as possible, as to some extent the exact sites visited will vary slightly from year to year.

For families likely to be unfamiliar to European botanists I have given a few defining characteristics. As an aide memoire I have usually given a few species characters too, which with locality information may help to identify photographs. Of course comments under each species are of necessity brief, and a character given for one species does not mean it is not shown by others in the list! The list should be used in conjunction with the relevant books.

Many books were used in the field, and later in compiling the list. Perhaps most comprehensively useful was ‘Field Guide To Fynbos’ by John Manning. ‘Cape Plants. A Conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa’ by Goldblatt and Manning and ‘Plant Genera of the South-’ by Trinders-Smith were both invaluable. The regional flower guides produced by the Botanical Society of South Africa varied greatly in species coverage and usefulness in the field! For petaloid monocots ‘The Color Encyclopedia (sic) of Cape Bulbs’ by Manning, Goldblatt and Snijman, is excellent and is comprehensive for most genera. ‘Wild Orchids of ’ by Stewart et al. was used for that family. Where available many monographs were also used, such as ‘Ericas of South Africa’ by Schumann et al., ‘Gladiolus in Southern Africa’ by Goldblatt and Manning, and ‘The Moraeas of Southern Africa’ by Goldblatt.

The bewildering variety and richness of the Cape Flora, with many very large and complex genera, meant in no way could we identify everything we saw. Certain families were covered much better than others. The petaloid monocots were well studied, although certainly several remain unidentified. Vast families such as the Aizoaceae are only seriously tackled by an expert on that family.

The alphabetic arrangement and classification follow ‘Cape Plants. A Conspectus of the Cape Flora of South Africa’ by Peter Goldblatt and John Manning, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2000.

Pteridophytes Anemiaceae Mohria caffrorum Kirstenbosch, and Nieuwoudtville waterfall.

Aspleniaceae Asplenium aethiopicum African Spleenwort. Kirstenbosch 2011. Grootvadersbosch 2009.

Blechnaceae Blechnum attenuatum Grootvadersbosch 2009. Blechnum australe Southern Deer Fern. Kirstenbosch. Blechnum capense Cape Deer Fern. Kirstenbosch. Blechnum punctulatum Grootvadersbosch (2009) and Kirstenbosch. Blechnum tabulare Mountain Deer Fern. Grootvadersbosch 2009.

Cyathaceae Cyathea capensis Cape Tree Fern. Grootvadersbosch (2009). Kirstenbosch.

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Dennstaedtiaceae Histiopteris incisa Grootvadersbosch (2009) and Kirstenbosch. Harold Porter botanic garden. Hypolepis sparsisora Grootvadersbosch 2009. Pteridium aquilinum Bracken. Widespread.

Dryopteridaceae Rumohra adiantiformis Grootvadersbosch 2009. Fernkloof (PGC).

Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia polypodioides Coral Fern. Cape Point & Grootvadersbosch 2009. Ceres 2011.

Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum sp. Filmy fern sp. Grootvadersbosch 2009.

Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis exaltata Boston Fern. Naturalised at the Cape Town Observatory.

Osmundaceae Todea barbara Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, and Grootvadersbosch 2009. Kogelberg.

Polypodiaceae Pleopeltis macrocarpa Grootvadersbosch 2009. Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody. Grootvadersbosch 2009.

Pteridaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Kirstenbosch 2011. Cheilanthes capensis Cape Lip Fern. Nieuwoudtville. Cheilanthes depauperata Gannaga Pass 2009. Cheilanthes hastata Cape Point, Cedarberg, Nieuwoudtville and Ceres. Cheilanthes induta Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Cheilanthes multifidus Day 10, 2011. Pellaea pteroides Myrtle Fern. Kirstenbosch. Pteris dentata Grootvadersbosch 2009.

Schizaeaceae Schizaea pectinata Curly Grass Fern. Cape Point 2009. Houhoek (PGC).

Gymnosperms Cupressaceae Widdringtonia nodiflora Mountain Cypress. Native. Fernkloof (PGC), Kirstenbosch.

Pinaceae Pinus pinaster Maritme Pine. Alien. Widely naturalised. Pinus pinea Stone Pine. Alien. Recorded. Pinus radiata Monterey Pine. Alien. In plantations but not naturalised.

Podocarpaceae Afrocarpus falcatus Outeniqua Yellowwood. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Naturalised in Kirstenbosch. Podocarpus elongatus Leaves narrower than P.latifolius. Cedarberg lunch site. Podocarpus latifolius Kirstenbosch.

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Angiosperms Palaeodicotyledons Lauraceae Cassytha ciliolata False Dodder. Yellowish parasitic vine. Widespread. Cryptocarya angustifolia Small tree. Recorded on Day 14, 2010.

Piperaceae Peperomia retusa Flowers in thread-like terminal spikes. Kirstenbosch 2011. Peperomia tetraphylla Epiphytic in Grootvadersbosch, 2009. Leaves in whorls of 4 with flowers in narrow terminal whitish spikes.

Monocotyledons Agapanthaceae Agapanthus africanus Gone over at Betty’s Bay burn site 2009.

Agavaceae Agave americana Century Plant. Naturalised, Nieuwoudtville.

Alliaceae Allium neapolitanum Naples Garlic. Alien. Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Tulbaghia capensis Allium scented. Flowers purple. Darling area. Tulbaghia dregeana Allium scented. Flowers in nodding heads, cream with yellow fleshy ring in the throat. Hantam botanic garden 2011.

Amaryllidaceae N.B. most are autumn flowering and in leaf at this time of year. Ammocharis longifolia Noted in leaf? Boophone haemanthoides Leaves in a spreading fan. Leaves at West Coast NP and Nieuwoudtville. Brunsvigia bosmaniae Leaves broad and leathery. Leaves at Nieuwoudtville. Brunsvigia orientalis Leaves oblong, flat on ground, at garage stop Day 3. Brunsvigia striata Leaves elliptical, pressed to ground. Nieuwoudtville ? Crinum variabile Leaves in waterside vegetation, Nieuwoudtville. Crossyne flava Leaves 4 to 6, prostrate, narrow, leathery with coarse bristly margins. Nieuwoudtville. Crossyne guttata Leaves at garage stop Day 3. Gethyllis afra Leaves De Hoop? Gethyllis campanulata Leaves many, narrow and wiry. Leaves at Nieuwoudtville 2011. Gethyllis villosa Leaves Hermanus area 2010. Haemanthus coccineus Leaves at Gannaga Pass 2009. Haemanthus sanguineus Leaves 2, prostrate and leathery. Widespread in leaf. Strumaria spiralis Scape wiry and colied in lower part. Flowers white. Some in flower at Rooisand.

Anthericaceae Chlorophytum has linear leaves in a basal rosette. Pedicels jointed. Capsule prominently three angled. Chlorophytum triflorum Flowers white, reddish on reverse. West Coast NP 2011. Chlorophytum undulatum Flowers white with dark keels, 15 to 18mm across. Waylands, West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville and Ceres. Chlorophytum spp. Others were probably overlooked, although only 3 other species in range and possibly in flower at this time.

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Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton angustifolius Aquatic. Lanceolate leaves. Tienie Versveld etc. 2011. Aponogeton distachyos Aquatic. Broader leaves. Widespread in ponds.

Agavaceae Agave americana Century Plant. Alien. Nieuwoudtville.

Araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica Calla Lily. Widespread and very common. Zantedeschia odorata Deciduous. Flowers strongly scented. Dolerite at Nieuwoudtville 2011.

Asparagaceae Asparagus aethiopicus Spiny, stems pale. Cladodes 4 to 6 in fascicles. West Coast NP. Asparagus asparagoides Cladodes ovate. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Asparagus capensis Spiny, cladodes in clusters of 5, hairy. Darling area. West Coast NP, etc. Asparagus exuvialis Shrub, white membranous bark. Cladodes filiform. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Asparagus lignosus Spiny, stems pale, cladodes terete. Cape Point lunch. Asparagus ovatus Cladodes ovate, many veined. West Coast NP 2009, 2010. 2012 roadside Napier to Caledon. Asparagus retrofractus Spiny, grey stems, cladodes in feathery fascicles. Scattered records e.g.Nieuwoudtville. Asparagus rubicundus Spiny, stems dark brown. Cladodes c.10 in fascicles. Kirstenbosch, West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville, etc. Asparagus scandens Cladodes in threes in one plane, one smaller opposite a larger pair. Kirstenbosch and observatory. Asparagus suaveolens Spiny, cladodes 1 to 6 in fascicles. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Asparagus spp. Other species possibly overlooked.

Asphodelaceae Aloe arborescens Many branched shrub, leaves in apical rosettes. En route from De Hoop. Aloe brevifolia A dwarf aloe with broad thick leaves. De Hoop 2011. Aloe dichotoma Kerkeboom. Quiver Tree Forest. Aloe falcata Multi-stemmed. Tubular flowers. Tanqua Karoo 2010. Aloe ferox Single-stemmed. De Hoop. Aloe mitriformis Leaves short, margins have prickles. Flowers scarlet in drooping heads. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. (A.perfoliata). Aloe variegata Leaves with white mottling. Flowers red, drooping. Karoo stop en route to Nieuwoudtville, in fine flower. Bulbine seen were all yellow flowered, with densely bearded filaments. Fleshy basal leaves. Bulbine alooides Leaves at Nieuwoudtville, broad with hairy margins. Flowers March to May. In flower at Kirstenbosch? Bulbine annua Annual, leaves many in basal rosette, long pedicels. West Coast NP and De Hoop (2011). Cape Point last stop 2012. Bulbine cepacea Leaves narrowly lanceolate, surrounded at base by fibrous sheaths. Ceres 2011. Bulbine frutescens Shrublet. Nieuwoudtville to Calvinia roadside and Karoo 2011. Bulbine ?haworthioides Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. Species name? Bulbine lagopus Geophyte to 40 cm, forming tufts. Near De Hoop etc. Bulbine praemorsa Leaves thick, narrowly channelled. Nieuwoudtville and Ceres. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 23

Bulbine succulenta Leaves short and thick with a basal collar of stiff fibres. Nieuwoudtville, including waterfall. Bulbine torta Leaves coiled, flowers in short . Karoo and Nieuwoudtville. Bulbine spp. Several were unidentified. Bulbinella have long-lived flowers, usually in a conical , and smooth filaments. Bulbinella barkerae To 60cm. White flowers in a narrow cylindrical raceme, musty odor. Napier renosterveld. Bulbinella caudafelis To 80cm. White flowers with pink tinge in narrow spikes. Karoo and west of Bredasdorp 2009. 2012 Caledon. Bulbinella eburniflora To 75cm. Small creamy white flowers, with musty odour. Nieuwoudtville,locally common. Bulbinella elegans To 60cm. Flowers small in conical racemes, yellow or white tinged pink.Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Bulbinella latifolia latifolia Spikes of yellow flowers. Leaves to 65mm. Probably present, Nieuwoudtville. Bulbinella latifolia doloritica Spikes of deep orange red flowers. Several still in bloom at Hantam, and wild flower reserve, Nieuwoudtville. Bulbinella latifolia denticulata Ceres area 2011. Bulbinella nutans To 1m. Yellow conical racemes of flowers. Leaves to 25mm. Locally numerous at Nieuwoudtville, e.g. around the guest farm. Bulbinella nutans turfosicola Ceres 2011. Caledon area 2012. Bulbinella triquetra To 35 cm. Flowers in subcorymbose to narrowly conical raceme. Darling area etc. Nieuwoudtville 2011. 2012 Caledon area and Rooisand. Haworthia minima Rosettes near Napier. Haworthia pumila Day 10, 2010. Kniphofia uvaria Red Hot Poker. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve 2009. Day 10, 2011. 2012 near Caledon. Trachyandra have white flowers. Leaves basal. All have mebranous sheaths at stem base unless otherwise noted. Trachyandra chlamydophylla Leaves clumped, linear and erect. Flowers congested in an Unbranched raceme. Waylands and Napier. Trachyandra ciliata Leaves channelled, soft and spongy, usually hairy. Flowers in a hairy raceme, conspicuous bracts. Cape Point. Trachyandra divaricata Glabrous. Darling area and De Hoop. Trachyandra falcata Robust with leathery sickle-shaped leaves and dense racemes of white flowers. Nieuwoudtville and West Coast NP etc. Trachyandra filiformis Leaves few and linear, often mottled near base. Flowers in a lax unbranched raceme. Waylands and Tienie Versveld, locally common. Trachyandra flexifolia Leaves often undulate, hairy. Nodding flowers in branched raceme. Mamre goat stop, and Nieuwoudtville. Trachyandra hirsuta Stem base without membranous sheaths. To 60cm. Leaves in a fan, soft. Peduncle pubescent. Gladiolus watermeyeri site Nieuwoudtville. Kogelberg. Trachyandra hirsutiflora Flowers in a hairy unbranched raceme. Leaves linear and scabrid. Babianaringens site and Rooisand. Trachyandra muricata Flowers in branched panicles, nodding. West Coast NP and Cedarberg. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 24

Trachyandra revoluta Perennial to 90 cm, flowers in divaricate panicle, nodding with Recurved tepals. Cape Point, Darling area, Ceres area, De Hoop. Trachyandra tortilis Leaves undulate, flowers nodding. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Trachyandra spp. Others were unidentified.

Colchicaceae Androcymbium have like floral bracts that enclose the small flowers. Sometimes included in Colchicum. Androcymbium burchellii Bracts white. Quiver Tree Forest 2009. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Androcymbium crispum Leaves crisped and bristly. Bracts ovate, green or white. Karoo Near Calvinia 2009. Androcymbium eucomoides Bracts ovate, green or whitish. Cape Point. Androcymbium hughocymbion Bracts leaf-like and acute, small. Apparently this species wild in Worcester botanic garden. Androcymbium latifolium Bracts wine red with green markings below. Hantam and Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. (=A.pulchrum). Androcymbium volutare Leaves narrow and coiled. Bracts ovate and pale green. Several in karoo near Calvinia. Baeometra uniflora Orange flowers with reddish reverse and black claw. Observatory and roadside west of Bredasdorp. Darling area, etc. Onixotis punctata Spikes of white flowers. Cape Point, one fine patch in a seasonally wet depression. Onixotis stricta Aquatic. Spikes of pinkish white flowers. Nieuwoudtville, near First lunch site. Ornithoglossum viride Tepals green or purplish with maroon margins, nodding. 2 near Mamre,2011. Ornithoglossum vulgare Dark maroon tepals, nodding. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Wurmbea marginata Spikes of dark purple flowers. Darling, Worcester botanic garden, and near Napier. Wurmbea monopetala Flowers greenish or cream with dark margins. Rooisand 2011. Wurmbea spicata Flowers white to cream, sometimes with dark margins. West Coast NP. Nieuwoudtville. Wurmbea variabilis Flowers greenish or cream with purple nectaries and sometimes margins. Ceres area, locally common.

Commelinaceae Commelina africana Flowers yellow. South of Gordon’s Bay 2009 (PGC).

Convallariaceae Eriospermum, Cottonseed, are geophytes, leaves and flowers produced at different seasons, leaves often distinctive. Eriospermum capense Leaves at Nieuwoudtville etc. Eriospermum spp. Leaves at various sites, e.g. Tienie Versveld, Nieuwoudtville waterfall, Ceres.

Cyperaceae Sadly there has been little time to devote to sedges! The following have been identified. Cyperus fastigiatus Cape Peninsula. Cyperus textilis Cyperus thunbergii Rooisand. Cyperus spp. Others unidentified. Eleocharis limosa Ceres etc. Ficinia anceps Nieuwoudtville. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 25

Ficinia praemorsa De Hoop. Ficinia truncata De Hoop. Ficinia spp. Others unidentified. Isolepis antarctica Scattered records. Tetraria thermalis Cape Point and Kogelberg.

Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea elephantipes Elephant’s Foot. Perennial with impressive exposed armoured tuber. Heart-shaped leaves and male flowers in erect racemes, female in nodding spikes. Nieuwoudtville waterfall and first lunch site.

Haemodoraceae Dilatris, Bloodroot, has leaves in a dense fan, flowers in a dense rounded or flat-topped panicle. Dilatris viscosa Gone over, Cape Point 2012. Wachendorfia has pleated leaves, branched of slightly irregular flowers. Wachendorfia brachyandra Apricot flowers. and style clustered together, to half as long as tepals. Darling area, locally common. Wachendorfia multiflora Flowers dull yellow to brown. Tepals narrow. West Coast NP and Mamre area. Wachendorfia paniculata Flowers apricot. Stamens and style spreading, two-thirds to three-quarters as long as tepals. Locally very common, e.g. Darling area, Nieuwoudtville, Cedarberg, Ceres, and near Caledon. Wachendorfia thyrsiflora Golden yellow flowers in a spike. In bus at Kirstenbosch.

Hyacinthaceae Albuca are Ornithogalum like and sometimes included in that genus. They differ in erect inner tepals, with at least the inner filaments pinched below. Albuca acuminata Flowers yellow with green keels, inner tepals with hinged fleshy flap. Waylands. Albuca aurea Flowers erect, yellow with green keels. In the Watsonia laccata field near Grootvadersbosch 2009. Albuca cooperi Yellow flowers with green keels. Inner tepals hinged at tip. Waylands, Nieuwoudtville, etc. Albuca flaccida To 1m. Flowers yellow. Inner tepals with hinged fleshy flap. Babiana ringens site. Synonym Albuca canadensis. Albuca fragrans To 1m, flowers in drooping racemes, yellow with green keels. Ceres area? Albuca grandis West Coast NP. Albuca juncifolia 15 to 30 cm, flowers yellow with green keels, drooping. Observatory 2011. Ceres and near Worcester. Albuca longipes Regular flowers, erect, white with green keels. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Tanqua Karoo. Albuca maxima To 150 cm, white flowers with green keels, nodding, inner tepals with hinged fleshy flap. Widespread and locally numerous, e.g. Cedarberg. Albuca namaquensis Leaves hairy. Flowers nodding, dull yellow with greenish keels. Quiver Tree Forest, Nieuwoudtville, Ceres, etc. Albuca setosa Leaves narrow, fleshy. Flowers erect, yellow with green keels. Quiver Tree Forest, 2011. Tanqua Karoo 2012.

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Albuca spiralis Leaves spirally twisted, glandular hairy, flowers green, outer tepals with cream to yellow margins. Nieuwoudtville and Worcester botanic garden. In leaf 2012. Albuca viscosa Leaves often spirally twisted above, glandular. Flowers nodding, yellow with green keels. Day 10, 2010. Albuca is a complex genus and several others were certainly present. Daubenya capensis A pincushion lily. Yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Drimia have leaves often dry at flowering. Drimia exuviata Leaves erect, leathery, and greyish. Flowers rotate, white with green keels. West Coast NP lunch site. Drimia filifolia Leaves one to many, erect and leathery, to 2mm wide. Rooisand. Drimia multifolia To 20 cm, coiled filiform leaves. Hantam, Nieuwoudtville. (Tenichroa multifolia). 2009. Drimia sp. Ceres area, in bud. Eucomis regia Pineapple Lily. Leaves prostrate. Flowers in a greenish leafy spike. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Lachenalia has leaves often barred or spotted. Flowers in spikes or racemes, lower bracts often reduced, often with sterile upper flowers. Flowers funnel-shaped to tubular, tepals joined below, outer often with a swollen, darkly coloured tip. With thanks to Peter Sheasby for the work he put into consolidating and clarifying the records of this complex genus on the 2012 tour. Lachenalia alba Leaves 2, white flowers on short to long pedicels. Nieuwoudtville 2012. Lachenalia bulbifera Striking nodding red flowers. Several at one site at De Hoop. Lachenalia contaminata Leaves several, flowers white with brown markings, shortly pedicillate. Near De Hoop. Lachenalia elegans Leaves with maroon spots, no pedicels, variable in colour, anthers not protruding. Nieuwoudtville, locally common. Lachenalia juncifolia Juncus-like leaves. Purple marked leaves and stems, long pedicels, anthers exserted. De Hoop. Lachenalia longibracteata Leaves 1or 2, plain or spotted, each flower with a long bract. Near Mamre. Lachenalia mediana Leaves 1 or 2, lanceolate, flowers shortly pedicillate, pale blue and white, with green or purplish markings, anthers included. Numerous at the observatory. Lachenalia mutabilis 1 leaf with undulate margins. Short pedicels, urn-shaped. Brown tips to flowers, anthers slightly protruding. West Coast NP lunch site. Locally common at Nieuwoudtville. Lachenalia obscura Leaves 1 or 2, suberect, heavily banded green beneath, flowers sessile or subsessile, cream to yellowish-green to brownish blue. Nieuwoudtville 2012. Lachenalia orchioides Leaves 1 or 2, plain or densely spotted, flowers sessile, shortly cylindrical greenish yellow or blue. Ceres area and Rooisand. Lachenalia pallida Leaves 1 or 2, flowers cream to dark yellow with brown or green markings. Locally very common, Mamre, Waylands, Tienie Versveld. Lachenalia pustulata Anthers exserted, leaves pustulate or not, flower colour variable. West Coast NP, Ceres. Lachenalia trichophylla Leaf single, heart-shaped, with stellate hairs on upper surface and margin, flowers yellow with green markings. Cedarberg lunch site 2012.

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Lachenalia unicolor Two densely pustulate leaves, flowers on long pedicels, anthers exserted. Day 8, 2012. Lachenalia unifolia Leaf single, linear, banded with green and maroon. Flowers variable, anthers included. Waylands, Rooisand. Lachenalia variegata Leaf single, margins thickened and undulate. Flowers shortyly pedicillate, greenish-grey with variously coloured markings. Babiana ringens site 2012. Lachenalia violacea Leaves 1 or 2, lanceolate, plain or heavily spotted. Flowers on long pedicels, bluish green at base, with purple tips. Anthers exserted. Nieuwoudtville 2011. 2012 near Clanwilliam. Lachenalia zebrina Leaves and lower stems strongly patterned in purple. Karoo 2011. Massonia has a sessile inflorescence between leaves that are appressed to the ground. Leaves often spotted. Nieuwoudtville waterfall in flower.Karoo gone over. Massonia echinata Small. Little Karoo at Tradouw’s Pass. 2009. De Hoop 2012. Massonia grandiflora Probably this species in flower at the koppie before Ceres, 2009. Massonia pustulata Leaves strongly pustulate. Several in fruit in the dunes at De Hoop. Ornithogalum concordianum Coiled leaves. Flowers yellow with green keels. Probably this species in the Tanqua Karoo 2009. Ornithogalum hispidum 10 to 40 cm, bracts small, flowers white. Worcester botanic garden, a few. Ornithogalum maculatum Short, flowers orange or yellow, outer tepals often with a dark tip. West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville. Ornithogalum multifolium Very small examples, orange flowers, West Coast NP last stop. Ornithogalum nannodes Leaves of this species at Nieuwoudtville. Very small plant. 2009.

Ornithogalum polyphyllum Flowers white with green keels, fragrant. Knersvlakte. Ornithogalum suaveolens Flowers yellow with green keels. Nieuwoudtville, West Coast NP etc. Ornithogalum thyrsoides Showy white flowers. Darling area, e.g. TV, in bud at Nieuwoudtville, Rooisand. Ornithogalum spp. Others not identified. Polyxena ensifolia To 5cm, 2 leaves. In fruit at Nieuwoudtville. This species at the waterfall? Polyxena maughanii Day 8, 2010. Veltheimia capensis Sand Lily. Robust with impressive inflated fruits. In fruit at Hantam, Nieuwoudtville 2011. 2012 in fruit Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Whiteheadia bifolia Pagoda Lily. Leaves prostrate, white flowers in a dense conical spike. Several at Nieuwoudtville waterfall.

Hypoxidaceae Empodium plicatum Leaves near Napier, 2012. Empodium sp. Autumn Star. Leaves at Nieuwoudtville 2009. Spiloxene has yellow, orange, or white star-shaped flowers. Spiloxene aquatica White flowers, in pools. Nieuwoudtville, Ceres, Rooisand, etc. Spiloxene canaliculata Flowers yellow or orange with dark centre. Leaves u-shaped in cross section. Common at Tienie Versveld.

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Spiloxene capensis Flowers yellow or white, centre usually iridescent blue or green. Leaves v-shaped in cross section. Scattered records, e.g. Waylands, Ceres, Rooisand. Spiloxene flaccida Yellow flowers, more than 1 per scape. Cape Point 2011? Spiloxene ovata Flowers yellow or white, 1 per scape. West Coast NP, Ceres, Rooisand (2009). Spiloxene serrata Flowers white or yellow, 1 per scape. Waylands and Nieuwoudtville. Spiloxene sp. An orange flowered species that fits none of the desribed species has been seen at Postberg, West Coast NP, 2011 and 2012.

Iridaceae Aristea have actinomorphic blue flowers. Aristea africana Spathes and bracts fringed more than half their length. Kogelberg 2011. 2012 burn site near Worcester, and Rooisand. Aristea bakeri To 1m. Kirstenbosch 2012. Aristea biflora Large flowers with paired membranous tissue above base of tepals. In fine flower near Caledon where a local endemic. 2012. Aristea pusilla Stem flattened and two-winged. Near Napier 2011. Aristea spiralis Very large white or pale blue flowers. Rooisand. Babiana has pleated leaves. Stems, leaves, or bracts hairy. Flowers usually blue to violet. Reference: ‘A revision of the southern African genus Babiana, Iridaceae:Crocoideae’ by Peter Goldblatt and John C.Manning, Strelitzia 18, 2007. Babiana ambigua Flowers blue to mauve with white to cream markings. Cape Point, West Coast NP (2011), De Hoop (2011), and Tienie Versveld. Babiana angustifolia Dark blue flowers, inverted, ‘lower’ tepals with black markings. Damp areas at Tienie Versveld. Babiana ecklonii Stem erect and well developed. Flowers violet with dark blue and cream markings. Roadside stop before Clanwilliam. Babiana fourcadei Flowers mauve with yellow and violet markings. Near Honeywood 2009. Babiana framesii Flowers dark blue to purple with white markings, tube curved. Nieuwoudtville dolerite, wild flower reserve. Babiana lineolata To 25cm and often branched. Pale blue with yellow markings. Ceres, locally common. Babiana minuta Fragrant mauve flowers with yellow markings. Gone over at Nieuwoudtville 2009. Babiana nana Flowers blue or purple with white markings. Babiana ringens site 2011. Babiana patersoniae Flowers white to pale blue to mauve with yellow markings, fragrant. Napier 2012. Babiana patula Short. Flowers mauve to blue with yellow markings. Very strongly fragrant. Roadside stop near De Hoop 2011. Babiana praemorsa This species on dolerite at Hantam? Babiana purpurea Pink to purple fragrant flowers, filaments arched, anthers arrow shaped. Locally numerous in the Caldeon area 2012. Babiana ringens Main spike axis sterile. Flowers red at ground level. Highly # adapted for sunbird pollination. Several in fine flower on roadside near Mamre. Babiana rubrocyanea Flowers actinomorphic, blue with red centre. Common at Waylands. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 29

Babiana sambucina Flowers mauve to violet with white markings, tube straight. Nieuwoudtville and Ceres area. Babiana scariosa Stem erect and branched. Flowers mauve and yellow. Resembles a Gladiolus. Gannaga Pass 2009. Babiana stricta Flowers weakly zygomorphic, blue, white or yellow. Satyrium coriifolium site in Breede River Valley (2011), Burn site near Worcester, and Rooisand. Babiana tubiflora Similar to the following species, less robust. Flowers uniformly white or cream except for small red markings on lower tepals, slender perianth tube widens only near apex, filaments 13- 16mm. Sands, West Coast NP 2012. Babiana tubulosa Flowers white to cream, pink on outside, perianth tube widened for 10-21mm, filaments 20-22mm. Postberg. Babiana vanzyliae Flowers yellow. Rather common at Nieuwoudtville. Babiana villosa Actinomorphic pink to dark red flowers. Day 10, 2010. 2012 in grounds of Cape Town Observatory, but originating from the gardens there. Babiana virginea Flowers white, or blue and yellow. Common at one site near the Lodge at Gannaga Pass 2009. A local endemic of the Roggeveld Escarpment. Babiana spp. A few species were possibly overlooked. Bobartia has long cylindrical leaves, yellow flowers in a terminal head, enclosed by a dry spathe, flowers lasting less than a day. Bobartia gladiata Rush Iris. Leaves elliptical in cross section. In bud at Cape Point. Bobartia longicyma Leaves round in cross section. Tepals free to the base. Kogelberg. Bobartia macrospatha Leaves round in cross section. Short perianth tube. This species in flower on De Hoop limestone 2012? Chasmanthe floribunda Orange-red flowers in two-ranked spike. Still just in flower in West Coast NP, and Darling area. Dietes iridioides Common in leaf at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Observatory 2012, not wild. Ferraria, Spider Irises, have dull coloured flowers with crinkled margins and fringed style crests. Ferraria crispa Flowers brown. West Coast NP, etc. Ferraria divaricata Flowers yellowish to blue with dark spots and margins. A few in Ceres area. Ferraria kamiesbergensis Flowers cream, yellow, or greenish, often with darker spots on the claws. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Ferraria uncinata Flowers yellow to purple. Clanwilliam area, and Cedarberg lunch slope. Freesia has sword-shaped leaves with a raised midrib, the tips often blunt or rounded. Flowers in a 1- ranked horizontal scalloped spike. Green or dry bracts. Freesia alba Flowers white, often mauve on the outside. This or similar at the observatory, 2011. Introduced? Freesia caryophyllacea Flowers yellow or cream with yellow markings. Near Napier 2011. Freesia leichtlinii Flowers cream with yellow markings. De Hoop 2010 and 2011. Freesia occidentalis Flowers creamy white and yellow. Tanqua Karoo, 2011. Geissorhiza has leaves usually with a midrib and thickened margins, flowers usually actinomorphic. Bracts green and soft. Style divided above the level of the anthers into short recurved branches. Geissorhiza aspera Spike of blue flowers. Common at Cape Town Observatory, and also at Tienie Versveld, and Rooisand.

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Geissorhiza divaricata Flowers small, white to pale mauve, dark mauve on reverse. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Geissorhiza eurystigma Flowers deep blue with a red centre. Waylands 2011. Geissorhiza heterostyla Leaf margin strongly thickened. Flowers blue to purple, stamens with one shorter filament. Ceres area 2011. Burn site near Worcester 2012. Geissorhiza hispidula Flowers small, cream or white. Leaves sticky, often hispid. Rooisand. Geissorhiza imbricata Flowers white to yellow. Waylands (2011) and Rooisand marshy roadsides. Geissorhiza inaequalis Leaf margin lightly thickened.Flowers pale blue, stamens with one shorter filament. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Geissorhiza juncea Small cream to yellow flowers. Kogelberg 2011. Geissorhiza monanthos Flowers dark blue with pale centre edged with a dark ring. Waylands. Geissorhiza nana Flowers white and tiny, mostly one per spike. Near Napier 2011. 2012 between Napier and Caledon. Geissorhiza ornithogaloides Flowers yellow. Ceres, locally very common. Geissorhiza ovata Flowers white, deep pink on reverse. Cape Point and Rooisand 2011. 2012 PGC Houhoek area before group arrived. Geissorhiza radians Flowers deep blue violet, with red centre edged with white. Common at Waylands. Geissorhiza schinzii Large pink flowers with darker veins. In fine flower at Houhoek. Geissorhiza similis Small white flowers. Cape Point sea watching stop 2012. Geissorhiza splendidissima Flowers blue with black centre. Nieuwoudtville, lunch site day 1, and day 2. Geissorhiza sulphurascens Flowers white to cream. Nieuwoudtville lunch site day 1, and wild flower reserve. Gladiolus has leaves usually with a definate midrib, inflorescence a spike of usually zygomorphic flowers. Gladiolus alatus Flowers large, orange with yellow on lower tepals. Scattered records, e.g. in fine flower near Waylands, Ceres area. Gladiolus carinatus Flowers blue and yellow. Babiana ringens site, three, one with a very unusual colour. West Coast NP. Gladiolus carneus Flower white with strong pink markings. 1 at Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Gladiolus ceresianus Short. Flowers dull purplish with erect dorsal tepal. This was the Species on Ceres burn slopes 2009 and 2011. Not seen 2012. Gladiolus cunonius Upper tepal elongate, bright red, lower tepals small and green. A few in De Hoop dunes. Gladiolus debilis Flowers white with red markings. Kogelberg, Betty’s Bay. Gladiolus hirsutus Flowers pink. PGC before group arrived, e.g. Fernkloof. Gladiolus hyalinus Flowers long tubed, brownish to cream with dark speckles. Nieuwoudtville 2011. 2012 Gydo Pass, a few. Gladiolus liliaceus Flowers large, brown. Turn mauve and become intensely fragrant in evening. Napier to Caledon. Gladiolus meliusculus Flowers bilabiate, pink to orange with with black and greenish markings. Waylands 2011. Gladiolus orchidiflorus Flowers greenish to purple with dark purple markings on lower tepals. In fine flower in sandvelt near Clanwilliam 2012. Gladiolus permeabilis Flowers windowed in profile. De Hoop 2011.

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Gladiolus quadrangularis Leaves x-shaped in cross section. Flowers red. Ceres area, e.g. first burn site. Gladiolus rogersii Flowers blue with yellow markings on lower tepals. 2 at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Gladiolus scullyi Flowers dull yellow to light brown. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Knervslakte 2012. Gladiolus speciosus Flowers like G.alatus but upper tepal hooded. Service station stop on Day 3. Gladiolus splendens Red flowers. 1 by culvert at Nieuwoudtville 2012. Gladiolus trichonemifolius Leaves four-grooved. Actinomorphic yellowish flowers. Locally Common at Rooisand, and a few in wet area at Tienie Versveld. Gladiolus tristis Flowers cream with brown shading. De Hoop Watsonia aletroides roadside, and common on roadsides De Hoop to Napier. Gladiolus uysiae Flowers bilabiate, brownish purple. Nieuwoudtville, locally common around farm and at Anisodontea stop. Gladiolus venustus Flowers purple with yellow markings on lower tepals. Clanwilliam and Ceres area. Gladiolus virescens Yellow and pink flowers. In fine flower near Napier. Gladiolus watermeyeri Flowers large, pearly grey with dark veins, lower tepals green. 1 at Nieuwoudtville, lunch site on first day. Hesperantha flowers usually actinomorphic, often opening late afternoon. Style divides at the mouth of the tube into long filiform branches. Hesperantha bachmannii Flowers white and nodding. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve and approaching Ceres. Ceres pm. Hesperantha cucullata Flowers white, red outside. Nieuwoudtville, numerous. Hesperantha falcata Flowers white or yellow (West Coast NP 2012), outer tepals red on outside. Locally common in Ceres area 2011. Caledon 2012. Hesperantha juncifolia Flowers white, pink on outside. De Hoop 2011. Hesperantha pauciflora Flowers pink. Nieuwoudtville. Hesperantha pilosa Leaves hairy on margins, midrib, and secondary veins. Mauve Flowers Nieuwoudtville. White flowers Ceres. Hesperantha pseudopilosa Leaves hairy on margin and midrib. Flowers white, green or brown on reverse. This species Ceres pm 2012? Hesperantha radiata Flowers white, nodding, outer tepals red on outside. Rooisand 2011. Hesperantha rivulicola Flowers white, brown on reverse. Nieuwoudtville culvert. Hesperantha vaginata Flowers large, cup-shaped, yellow with brown markings. Nieuwoudtville, numerous in one area of Hantam botanic garden and wild flower reserve. Ixia has actinomorphic flowers, with pale or rust coloured bracts, membranous or dry, on wiry stems. Ixia capillaris Flowers white to mauve. Ceres roadside 1. Ixia dubia Orange to yellow flowers with dark centre, bracts translucent pink. Waylands (2011) and Tienie Versveld. Ixia flexuosa Pink or white flowers with a slight musky odor. Near Napier and Caledon. Ixia latifolia Leaves relatively broad. Flowers pink. Ceres lunch site, 2012. Ixia longituba Beautiful long-tubed pink flowers. Napier 2012. Ixia maculata Flowers orange to yellow with dark star-like centre. Waylands. Also Observatory (not wild!). Ixia micrandra Flowers pink with filiform tube. De Hoop, Rooisand. Ixia polystachya Dense spikes of white to pink flowers. Numerous at one site at Rooisand 2011. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 32

Ixia purpureorosea Flowers mauve-pink with a blacksih centre. In fine flower at Postberg, a Saldanha Bay endemic. 2012. Ixia rapunculoides Blue funnel shaped flowers. Common around Nieuwoudtville. Ixia scillaris Flowers pink with filiform tube. Darling. Ixia versicolor Linear twisted leaves. Flowers white or purple with dark centre. Rooisand 2011. Lapeirousia has corrugate or leathery leaves. Flowers zygomorphic or actinomorphic. Lapeirousia fabricii Flowers large, cream to pink with red markings. Cedarberg. Lapeirousia jacquinii Short, leaves ribbed, flowers zygomorphic, purple with whitish streaks on lower tepals. Darling area, Nieuwoudtville etc. Lapeirousia oreogena Short, leaves ribbed, flowers actinomorphic, violet with cream and black markings in centre. Several flowers and many leaves at Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve, and Hantam. Lapeirousia pyramidalis Flowers cream to bluish and scented. Plants reddish.Tanqua Karoo, mostly over but 1 still just in flower. 2012. Melaspherula ramosa Fairy Bells. Numerous cream flowers on delicate much branched atems. Cape Point, Waylands, Nieuwoudtville, etc. Micranthus alopecuroides Leaves sword-shaped with distinct midvein. Houhoek 2012, over, (PGC). Micranthus junceus Leaves 3-6 mm diameter at Nieuwoudtville 2009. Micranthus tubulosus Leaves 8-14 mm diameter. Gone over, Ceres. Moraea have either iris-like flowers with unequal tepals, or with all tepals more or less equal. Moraea angusta Stem nodes sticky. Tepals unequal, yellow. Watsonia laccata meadow, Grootvadersbosch to De Hoop 2009. Ceres pm, Worcester burn site 2012. Moraea anomala Tepals unequal, yellow with darker yellow nectar guides. Clanwilliam botanic garden car park 2009! Day 5 also 2010. Moraea aristata Flowers white with dark blue to emerald nectar guides, the outer tepals much larger. Several of this beautiful species at the Cape Town Observatory, its only remaining station. Moraea aspera Leaves loosely coiled. Flowers salmon. Common at one site near Nieuwoudtville. (Homeria spiralis). Moraea bellendenii Outer tepals much large than inner, yellow. Darling and Rooisand 2011. Moraea bifida Very similar to Moraea miniata but with a single leaf. Abundant At Nieuwoudtville. Usually salmon, but yellow form too. Moraea bituminosa Yellow flowers enclosed in fibrous scales. Waylands 2012. Moraea bulbillifera Stems often with bulbils at nodes. De Hoop flats. Moraea cantharophila Flowers white or cream, inner tepal claws with dark central streak, style crests yellow to salmon, tepals unequal. Kogelberg 2011. Moraea ciliata Very short with blue iris like flowers. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Moraea collina Stem flexed outwards above leaf sheath. Yellow flowers, subequal tepals. Several at Cape Point. Moraea fenestrata Tepals subequal, salmon or yellow, with tepal claws narrowed at the base forming a windowed floral cup. Near Nieuwoudtville, and Tanqua Karoo. Not noted 2012 although probably seen in TQ from vehicle! Moraea flaccida Single leaf. Flowers salmon with yellow centre, or entirely yellow, tepals subequal. Wayland, Ceres, etc. Moraea fugacissima Stemless, yellow flowers, tepals subequal. Cape Point and Rooisand 2011. 2012 Caledon botanic garden (PGC). Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 33

Moraea fugax Tepals unequal, yellow. Locally common. Waylands and De Hoop. Moraea galaxia Short, yellow flowers. Burn site near Worcester 2011. Burn site 1 Ceres, 2012. Moraea gawleri Small iris like flowers. Waylands (brick red), abundant at Ceres (yellow), Tradouw’s Pass 2009 (yellow), and widespread elsewhere. Moraea inconspicua Flowers small, yellow to brown or cream, tepals unequal. NWV 2010. Moraea lewisiae Yellow flowers. Near Caledon 2012. Moraea longistyla Leaf single, tepals subequal, yellow or salmon. Near Ceres. Moraea lugubris Short, leaves 2, Flowers deep blue with yellow nectar guides, iris like. Ceres pm, numerous, and Rooisand. Moraea macronyx Stemless, unequal tepals, white and yellow flowers. 1 near Ceres. Moraea miniata Tulp. Leaves 2 or 3. Flowers salmon or yellow. Widespread and locally numerous, e.g. Cape Town observatory, Nieuwoudtville, Cedarberg etc. Moraea minor Leaf single. Flowers yellow or salmon. Tepal claws form a cup that includes stamens. Babiana ringens site. Moraea neglecta Tepals unequal, yellow with darker stippling on outer tepals. Cape Point, and Hermanus 2011. 2012 Fernkloof (PGC) before the group. Moraea ochroleuca Leaf usually single. Flowers yellow to orange and foetid. 2010, Day 14. Kirstenbosch and Harold Porter Botanic Garden, 2011. Moraea odorata Nieuwoudtville, Hantam and wild flower reserve dolerite. Moraea papilionacea Leaves hairy. Flowers yellow or salmon. Day 10, 2010. 2012 PGC before group. Moraea polyanthos Blue flowers, subequal tepals. Numerous near De Hoop. Moraea pritzeliana Coiled leaves. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve and Hantam, in leaf. Moraea pseudospicata Leaf single. Small violet flowers with orange nectar guides. NWV 2010. Moraea serpentina Leaves twisted or coiled. Flowers white and yellow, flushed violet. Many at Knervslakte. Moraea setifolia Small mauve flowers with orange and white nectar guides. Wild In Worcester botanic garden. Moraea speciosa Flowers blue with a pale cup. Gone over, 2011, Tanqua Karoo. Moraea tricolor Short. Variable flower colour, tepals unequal. Waylands 2011. Moraea tricuspidata Flowers white to cream. Rooisand 2011. Moraea tripetala Inner tepals reduced to a short tooth. Flowers blue to violet. Widespread, variable, and locally numerous, e.g. Waylands, Tienie Versveld, Nieuwoudtville (abundant) and Ceres. Moraea vallisbelli Short, single leaf, tepals subequal, flowers yellow or pink with darkly outlined yellow nectar guides. Locally common at Nieuwoudtville. Moraea vegeta Tepals unequal and of a distinctive dull purple brown. Several in one area at the Observatory. Moraea villosa Very showy with three large purple outer tepals with dark markings. Fine near Ceres. Moraea virgata Yellow flowers. Cape Point roadsides, PGC, 2009. Nivenia stokoei Bush Iris. Woody. In fruit at Kogelberg.

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Romulea are often acaulescent, with actinomorphic flowers. A large genus, many are impossible to identify without examining corm characters. Romulea cruciata Magenta with dark blotches around yellow centre. Waylands and near Mamre. Romulea eximia Flowers rose or red with dark blotches around the greenish or yellow cup. Darling area 2010. Romulea flava Yellow flowers. Ceres. Rooisand. 2011. Romulea hirsuta Flowers pink with dark marks around the yellow cup. Darling area. Romulea hirta Pale yellow flowers, sometimes with chestnut blotches at edge of cup. Nieuwoudtville glacial pavement. Romulea leipoldtii Flowers cream with yellow cup. Recorded 2011? Romulea monadelpha Flowers red with black and silvery markings in cup. Nieuwoudtville, dolerite at Hantam. Romulea montana Flowers yellow, darker in the throat. Nieuwoudtville. Romulea multisulcata Yellow flowers, seasonal pools. NWV 2010. Romulea rosea Flowers pink to magenta. Widespread. Size very variable, the small white flowered var.australis seen at various sites. Romulea sabulosa Flowers dark red, with black blotches in green cup. Nieuwoudtville 2012. Romulea tabularis Flowers blue with yellow cup. Tienie Versveld. Romulea tortuosa Flowers yellow with darker markings in the throat. Ceres third burn site 2009. Romulea spp. Many others were not identified, including several very small Flowered species. Sparaxis have dry and papery or crinkled and solid bracts, streaked with darker flecks, and flowers on firm fleshy stems. Sparaxis bulbifera Flowers subactinomorphic, creamish. Wetter parts of Waylands, And Rooisand. Sparaxis elegans Flowers actinomorphic, salmon with purple and yellow centre. A beautiful species. Nieuwoudtville, very locally common. Sparaxis grandiflora Flowers subactinomorphic. Ssp.fimbriata, lawns at observatory in Cape Town, 1 at Waylands 2012. Rooisand, ssp.violacea 2011. Sparaxis metelerkampiae Flowers zygomorphic and bilabiate, violet marked with white. Cedarberg first stop 2012. Sparaxis pillansii Another beautiful actinomorphic species but only in leaf at Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve 2009. Sparaxis tricolor Flowers actinomorphic, orange scarlet, with yellow centre edged black. A beautiful species. Locally common at Nieuwoudtville, e.g. first lunch site. Sparaxis villosa Flowers zygomorphic, yellow and violet. Darling 2011. Tritoniopsis dodii Cape Peninsula 2010. (?) Watsonia have spikes of two-ranked numerous pink, orange, or red flowers. ‘The Genus Watsonia’ by Peter Goldblatt, 1989, was an addition to our library in 2012. Watsonia aletroides Narrow tubular red flowers. Napier and Napier to Caledon roadisides. Watsonia coccinea Pink flowers. Burn site near Cape Point (2011), and Kogelberg. Watsonia laccata Flowers pink. Common in one field between Grootvadersbosch and De Hoop 2009. Rooisand 2011. Watsonia marginata Leaves broad, flowers pink, actinomorphic. Day 13, 2010. Watsonia meriana Tall, Flowers red to orange. Burn site near Worcester, Caledon area. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 35

Watsonia spectabilis Flowers large and scarlet. Roadsides Stanford to Hermanus 2009. Watsonia tabularis ? Cape Peninsula 2010. Witsenia maura Bokmakieriestert. Woody shrub, spreading. Cape Point, not in Flower 2012. Only a few specimens are known. Xenoscapa fistulosa Fairy Pipes. Very small plant with zygomorphic white flowers. Locally very common in Ceres area, mostly in fruit 2012.

Juncaceae Juncus acutus Juncus kraussii Juncus punctorius

Juncaginaceae Triglochin bulbosa Bulbous Arrow-grass. Tienie Versveld, Waylands, and Day 13. Triglochin striata Day 5, 2010.

Lanariaceae Lanaria lanata Leaves and old fruiting heads at Kogelberg.

Orchidaceae For the 2012 rour Callan and I both obtained pre-publication copies of the superb and major new ‘The Cape Orchids’, by William R.Liltved and Steven D.Johnson, Sandstone Editions, 2012. Bartholina burmaniana Spider Orchid. Lip much divided into narrow linear lobes. c.6 on Ceres burn slopes. Bonatea speciosa Green Wood Orchid. Robust with green and white flowers. Day 13, 2010. Corycium crispum Leaf margins crisped. Flowers yellow with green lip appendage. Growing wild in Clanwilliam botanic garden 2009. Corycium ingeanum Nieuwoudtville. Similar to C.orobanchoides. A few at Nieuwoudtville, where a Bokkeveld Plateau endemic. Described as recently as 1986. Corycium orobanchoides Flowers yellow green with purple petal apices. Locally common, e.g. Darling area, West Coast NP, Ceres. Disa bracteata Flowers in dense raceme, green with maroon tinted , spur pendent. 2 on roadside west of Bredasdorp 2009. 2011, 2 at Kogelberg. 2012, near Houhoek Inn. = Monadenia bracteata. Disa obliqua Pink flowers. 2 at Cape Point. = Schizodium obliquum. Disa spathulata Lip spathulate. 4+ at Nieuwoudtville. Disperis bolusiana Single yellowish green or white flower. Ceres, pm. Disperis capensis Single flower, green and magenta, sepals tailed, lip limb curled downwards. 2 at Cape Point. Disperis circumflexa Flowers greenish and white. Nominate , Ceres, 2011. var.aemula, 2 at Nieuwoudtville 2011. Disperis villosa 1 to 4 yellowish green flowers. Mamre, Ceres, Rooisand. Holothrix aspera Plant hairy. Sepals green, petals white. Nieuwoudtville waterfall and Ceres. Holothrix cernua 2 basal leaves stiff hairy or scaly. Petals green. Rooisand 2011. Holothrix secunda 2 basal fleshy leaves. Sepals green, petals cream, entire, and fleshy. In flower at Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Holothrix villosa Plant hairy. Flowers green. A few at Ceres, Nieuwoudtville, Cape Point etc. Liparis capensis 2 to 3 ovate and spreading leaves. Gone over at Cape Point, Watsonia coccinea site, 2011. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 36

Monadenia atrorubens Flowers beetroot red. Rooisand 2011. = Disa atrorubens. Monadenia rufescens Flowers lime green with purple petals. Cape Point 2009, Watsonia coccinea site. = Disa rufescens. Polystachya ottoniana Epiphyte. In leaf at Grootvadersbosch lunch site 2009. Pterygodium acutifolium Sepals lime-green, petals yellow. Day 13, 2010. Pterygodium alatum Lip appendage with two broad lobes spanning flower. Ceres 2010 and 2012. Near Napier 2011. Pterygodium catholicum Rather widespread. Cape Point, near Darling, Ceres, west of Bredasdorp, etc. Pterygodium hallii Flowers ‘upside-down’. A few at Nieuwoudtville 2011, in bud. Pterygodium pentherianum Lip appendage with two broad lobes spanning flower. Locally common at Ceres. Pterygodium schelpei Flowers white. Several at Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Pterygodium volucris Worcester botanic garden and De Hoop sandy plains. Satyrium bicorne Flowers dull yellow tinged purplish brown. Leaves 2, flat on ground. Cape Point and Ceres pm. Satyrium candidum Flowers white, faintly tinged pink. Probably 1 of this species at Ceres, 2009. Satyrium carneum Robust plant. Flowers pink. In leaf and spikes on De Hoop flats And Rooisand. Satyrium coriifolium Flowers orange. Cape Point, Breede River Valley, De Hoop etc. Satyrium erectum Flowers pink. Abundant on one roadside at Nieuwoudtville. Also at Ceres and burn site near Worcester. Satyrium humile Sweet scented flowers, basal leaves thin. Ceres and Day 10, 2010. Satyrium odorum Flowers green tinged dull purple brown. Pungent flowers, fleshy leaves. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, West Coast NP, and Rooisand coast. Satyrium pumilum Acaulescent. 2 sites at Nieuwoudtville. Schizodium cornutum Pinkish white flowers with narrow sepals. Several at Ceres. = Disa biflora.

Poaceae Aira cupaniana Alien. Arundo donax Giant Reed. Alien. Avena barbata Alien. Avena fatua Wild Oat. Alien. Avena sterilis Winter Wild Oat. Alien. Brachypodium distachyon Alien. Briza maxima Great Quaking Grass. Alien. Briza minor Lesser Quaking Grass. Alien. Bromus diandrus Great Brome. Alien. Bromus madritensis Compact Brome. Alien. Bromus rigidus Stiff Brome. Alien. Bromus sterilis Barren Brome. Alien. Bromus tectorum Drooping Brome. Alien. Cenchrus incertus Alien. Chaetobromus involucratus Cortaderia selloana Alien. Cynodon dactylon Bermuda Grass. Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dogstail. Alien. Ehrharta calycina Ehrharta longiflora Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 37

Eragrostis capensis Fingerhuthia africana Hordeum murinum Wall Barley. Alien. Hyparrhenia hirta Lagurus ovatus Hare’s-tail. Alien. Lolium multiflorum Italian Ryegrass. Alien. Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass. Alien. Lolium rigidum Stiff Darnel. Alien. Lolium temulentum Darnel. Alien. Lophochloa cristata Alien. Melinus repens Alien. Merxmuellera cf stricta Panicum maximum Pennisetum setaceum Alien. Pentaschistus airoides Pentaschistus curvirostris Phalaris aquatica Bulbous Canary-grass. Alien. Phalaris minor Lesser Canary-grass. Alien. Phragmites australis Common Reed. Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass. Alien. Poa bulbosa Bulbous Meadow-grass. Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass. Alien. Secale cereale? Rye. Setaria megaphylla Stipa capensis? Stipagrostis anomala Themeda triandra Thinopyrum distichum Vulpia bromoides Squirreltail Fescue. Alien.

Potamogetonaceae Zannichellia palustris Horned Pondweed. NWV and Day 10, 2010.

Prioniaceae Prionium serratum Palmiet. Oliphants River at Clanwilliam, and Kogelberg.

Restionaceae Many species of restio were present, but there was little time in which to work on them. Chondropetalum mucronatum Cape Point. Elegia capensis Grootvadersbosch 2009. Day 14, 2010. Harold Porter Botanic Garden fynbos. Elegia filiacea Cape Point. Elegia fistulosa Fernkloof (PGC). Elegia juncea Fernkloof (PGC). Elegia mucronata Grootvadersbosch 2009. Cape Peninsula. Elegia persistens Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Elegia spathacea Fernkloof (PGC). Elegia stipularis Cape Point. Hypodiscus aristatus Fernkloof (PGC). Hypodiscus sp. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Ischyrolepis eleocharis De Hoop dunes. Restio spp. Fernkloof (PGC). Staberoha cernua Fernkloof (PGC). Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 38

Staberoha sp. Betty’s Bay burn 2009. Thamnochortus insignis Dunes at De Hoop. Thamnochortus lucens Fernkloof (PGC). Thamnochortus paniculatus De Hoop. Thamnochortus spicigerus West Coast NP. Willdenowia incurvata West Coast NP. Babiana ringens site.

Tecophilaeaceae Cyanella has flowers on slender pedicels, a small bracteole near middle. Stamens in two groups with the upper anthers smaller, style directed to one side. Cyanella alba Flowers solitary on wiry pedicels, white, outer tepals flushed maroon on reverse. Nieuwoudtville Cyanella hyacinthoides Raceme much branched. Flowers blue to mauve to white. Knervslakte. Cyanella lutea Flowers in elongate racemes, yellow with brown veins. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve, Ceres, and Worcester botanic garden. Cyanella orchidiformis Flowers in elongate racemes, mauve with purple centre. Knersvlakte 2011.

Typhaceae Typha capensis Bulrush. Cape Flats.

Zosteraceae Zostera capensis Day 5, 2010.

Eudicotyledons Aizoaceae Many more species of this large and complex family were seen than are listed here. Even identifying many to generic level is the province of an expert on the family. Over 1,000 species occur in the Karoo, the most speciose radiation of any plant family anywhere in the world. Acrosanthes teretifolia Decumbent with opposite glabrous leaves. Solitary white flowers with five perianth segments. Waylands and Rooisand. Aethephyllum pinnatifidum Prostrate annual with small yellow flowers. Rooisand 2011. Aizoon paniculatum Sprawling, with small magenta flowers. Waylands. Aizoon rigidum Grey hairy prostrate sub-shrub. Yellow sessile flowers. De Hoop, Main track Moraea fugax site. Aizoon sarmentosum White flowers, Rooisand. Argyroderma delaeti Deciduous leaves, variable flower colour. Knervslakte. Aridaria noctiflora Shrub with white flowers. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Surely there 2012 but not noted! Aridaria ?sp. Quiver Tree Forest. Brownanthus sp. Tanqua Karoo. Carpanthea pomeridiana Yellow flowers. Waylands and Tienie Versveld. Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig. Cape Point, West Coast NP, etc., locally common. Caulipsolon rapaceum Knervslakte? Cheiridopsis cigarettifera Yellow flowers. Day 6 in 2010. Cleretum papulosum Small yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Conicosia elongata Prostrate perennial with white or yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville first lunch site. Conicosia pugioniformis Tufted perennial with yellow flowers. West Coast NP and Day 3. Conophytum comptonii In leaf at Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009.

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Dorotheanthus bellidiformis Livingstone Daisy. Tufted annual, flower colour variable. Cape Point, Tienie Versveld, etc. Dorotheanthus maughanii White flowers, with fleshy protruberances alternating with the stigmas. Tanqua Karoo. Drosanthemum framesii Creamy-white flowers. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Drosanthemum hispidum Shrublet with hispid branches and solitary magenta flowers. Nieuwoudtville, Robertson roadsides, De Hoop, etc. Drosanthemum latifolium NWV 2010. Drosanthemum speciosum Shrublet with striking red to orange flowers. Roadsides near Robertson. Eurystigma clavatum Karoo 2011. Galenia africana Yellow-green shrublet with inconspicuous flowers. Nieuwoudtville etc. Galenia fruticosa Grey felted shrublet with small red or yellow flowers. Karoo 2011. Galenia sarcophylla Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Tanqua Karoo. Jordaaniella dubia West Coast NP and De Hoop (2010). Lampranthus amabilis Shrublet with white or pale pink flowers. De Hoop dunes. Lampranthus aureus Orange flowers. Cape Peninsula. Lampranthus watermeyeri White flowers. De Hoop 2010. Leipoldtia schultzei Shrublet with purple flowers. Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. Malephora crassa Golden yellow flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Malephora purpureocrocea Quiver Tree Forest. Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Annual with white flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Phyllobolus nitidus Quiver Tree Forest 2011? Phyllobolus splendens Tanqua Karoo. Phyllobolus tenuiflorus Day 6, 2010. Hantam 2011? Prenia pallens Day 6, 2010. Prenia sp. Quiver Tree Forest. Ruschia caroli NWV 2010. Ruschia cradockensis Purple flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Ruschia geminiflora Purple flowers. De Hoop 2010. Ruschia indecora Shrublet with silvery white flowers. Babiana ringens site. Ruschia langebaanensis Magenta flowers. West Coast NP. Ruschia macowanii Day 3, 2010. Ruschia sarmentosa Flowers reddish with a dark stripe. Cape Point last stop 2012. Ruschia spinosa Magenta flowers. Karoo. Ruschia unca Day 6 2010. Tetragonia chenopodioides West Coast NP 2010. Tetragonia fruticosa Shrub, leaf margins recurving. Near Mamre, Tienie Versveld, West Coast NP, etc. Tetragonia hirsuta Coarsely hairy. West Coast NP. Tetragonia nigrescens Perennial with yellow flowers. Near Mamre. Babiana ecklonii site. Tetragonia portulacoides Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Tetragonia rosea Magenta flowers. Cape Point etc.

Amaranthaceae (includes Chenopodiaceae) Atriplex bolusii or A.vestita West Coast NP and Day 5, 2010. Atriplex lindleyi Grey-mealy annual weed. Australian. Knervslakte, Tanqua Karoo, etc. Atriplex semibaccata Day 5, 2010. Chenolea diffusa Day 5, 2010. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 40

Chenopodium murale Nettle-leaved Goosefoot. Alien. Slightly mealy, diamond-shaped leaves. Widespread. Manochlamys albicans Possibly this species on Day 4, 2011. Salsola aphylla Day 5, 2010. Salsola arborea Tanqua Karoo, e.g. lunch site. Salsola kali Prickly Saltwort. Alien. Annual with spine-tipped leaves. Tanqua Karoo. Sarcocornia natalensis West Coast NP and Day 5, 2010. Suaeda fruticosa Berg River at Velddrif.

Anacardiaceae Heeria argentea Small evergreen tree with cream flowers in panicles. Babiana ecklonii site. Laurophyllus capensis Densely leafy evergreen shrub. Dioecious, panicles of yellowish flowers. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Searsia (formerly Rhus) are shrubs or small trees with trifoliate leaves. Searsia angustifolia Leaflets lanceolate. Kirstenbosch, Mitchell’s Pass etc. 2011. Searsia burchelli Gannaga Pass 2009. Searsia chirindensis Grootvadersbosch 2009. Searsia crenata Leaflets sessile, apex blunt and crenate. De Hoop dunes. Searsia cuneifolia Leaves trifoliolate, obovate leaflets coarsely toothed above. This species day 13, 2012? Searsia dissecta Margins of leaflets sharply toothed. Waylands. Searsia glauca Bluish leaves. Cape Town Observatory, Boulders, West Coast NP, De Hoop, etc. Searsia incisa Leaflet margins lobed or dentate. Nieuwoudtville. Searsia laevigata Leaflets sessile. Kirstenbosch, near Mamre, West Coast NP. Searsia lucida Leaves shiny. Cape Town Observatory and Kirstenbosch. Also De Hoop. Searsia rosmarinifolia Leaflets linear. Rooisand 2011. Searsia tomentosa Leaflets white woolly below. Kirstenbosch. Searsia undulata Leaflets sticky and aromatic. Nieuwoudtville.

Apiaceae Arctopus echinatus Bristly leaves appressed to the ground, with central flowers/fruits surrounded by very spiny bracts. Darling area, West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville, etc. Widespread. Annesorhiza altiscapa Tall slender umbellifer. Nieuwoudtville. Capnophyllum africanum Day 3, 2010. Foeniculum vulgare Fennel. Alien. Worcester to De Hoop. Hermas villosa Day 14, 2010. Lichtensteinia lacera In leaf at Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Peucedanum galbanum Day 14, 2010. Stoibrax capense Annual with 3-pinnatisect leaves. West Coast NP dunes 2012. Torilis arvensis Spreading Hedge-Parsley. Alien. Scattered records, e.g. West Coast, De Hoop.

Apocynaceae (includes Asclepiadaceae) Carissa bispinosa Num-num. Thorny shrub with milky sap. Near rooms at De Hoop. Cynanchum africanum Brown twisted petals and a white corona. Babiana ringens site 2009. West Coast NP and De Hoop 2011. De Hoop dunes 2012.

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Cynanchum obtusifolium Climber with dull green flowers and a white corona. Kirstenbosch. Eustegia minuta Green flowers in small umbels. Near Mamre, Nieuwoudtville, 2011. Rooisand 2012. Gomphocarpus cancellatus Hairy shrub with cream flowers. Ceres roadsides. Gomphocarpus fruticosus Shrub with nodding clusters of cream flowers. Fruits swollen with fleshy projections. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Nieuwoudtville 2011 and 2012. Hoodia gordonii Karoo. Not found 2012. Microloma sagittatum Climber with tubular pink to red flowers. Pointed petals. Pollinated by sunbirds. Babiana ringens site, West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville, Ceres, etc. Microloma tenuifolium Climber with tubular orange to red flowers. Rounded petals. Pollinated by sunbirds. Ceres, near Worcester, etc. Stapelia hirsuta In fruit. Worcester burn site.

Aquifoliaceae Ilex mitis Tree with glossy leaves. Kirstenbosch.

Araliaceae Centella triloba Day 14, 2010. Cussonia thyrsiflora Cape Peninsula 2010.

Asteraceae This is a vast family in the region and many more species than are listed here were present but unidentified. Alciope tabularis This species Day 14, 2010. Amellus microglossus Hairy annual with small yellow flowers with reduced white rays. Tanqua Karoo. Anaxeton asperum Fernkloof and Houhoek, PGC. Anaxeton laeve Woolly shrublet, small discoid flowers in dense rounded clusters. Cape Peninsula. Arctotheca have several rows of bracts with broad membranous margins and tips. Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed. Disc black. Widespread. Arctotheca populifolia Mat forming white felted perennial. Coastal dunes, Langebaan, and De Hoop. Arctotis have 5 or 6 rows of bracts, outer often tailed, inner broad with large membranous tips. Arctotis acaulis Outer bracts have slender woolly tips. Nieuwoudtville, Hantam and wild flower reserve, Darling, De Hoop. Arctotis breviscapa Flowers blackish with orange or yellow rays red on reverse. Outer bracts with slender woolly tips. Near Mamre. Arctotis fastuosa Flowers orange with a dark ring. Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo. Arctotis hirsuta Slightly fleshy thinly hairy leaves. West Coast NP, abundant. Arctotis revoluta Leaves bipinnatisect, flowers yellow or orange. Nieuwoudtville and West Coast NP lunch site. Arctotis semipapposa Day 13, 2010. Arctotis stoechadifolia Silvery woolly perennial , flowers cream with reddish reverse, outer bracts with woolly tails. West Coast NP 2012. Athanasia trifurcata Shrub with leaves toothed above. In leaf at Ceres main burn site. Berkheya are thistle-like usually with yellow flowers. Berkheya armata Watsonia laccata field between Grootvadersbosch and De Hoop 2009. 2011 and 2012 near Napier, Caledon, and De Hoop.

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Berkheya barbata Rooisand. Berkheya coriacea De Hoop dunes. Berkheya fruticosa Nieuwoudtville. Berkheya glabrata Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Berkheya heterophylla This species on Nieuwoudtville roadsides? Berkheya rigida Ceres. Bidens pilosa Day 1, 2010. Chrysocoma ciliata Shrublet with discoid yellow heads. Nieuwoudtville, Ceres. Chrysocoma hantamensis Hantam, Nieuwoudtville 2011. Conyza albida West Coast NP 2010. Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane. Alien. Day 1. Corymbium africanum Linear leaves, purple flowers. Cape Point, Rooisand 2011. Cotula have discoid heads, although sometimes with rays, 2 rows of bracts with narrow membranous margins. Cotula barbata Softly hairy annual. Nieuwoudtville. Cotula coronopifolia Wet areas at Tienie Versveld 2009. Cotula eckloniana Florets broadly winged. West Coast NP 2010. Cotula microglossa Leaves tripinnatisect. Bracts 1-nerved. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Cotula nudicaulis Bracts large and round. Nieuwoudtville, locally very common. Cotula turbinata Flower heads shortly radiate. Native weed, widespread. Cullumia are spiny shrublets, with four rows of stiff spiny bracts. Yellow flowers. Cullumia setosa Leaves oval. Cape Point. Cullumia squarrosa Leaves needle-like. Cape Point. Didelta have yellow flowers with two rows of bracts, the inner lance-shaped, the outer large and leaf-like. Didelta carnosa Thinly or densely cobwebby shrublet. West Coast NP. Didelta spinosa Sometimes prickly, leaves cordate. Cedarberg, Nieuwoudtville. Dimorphotheca have large radiate flowers, 1 or 2 rows of narrow bracts. Dimorphotheca cuneata Shrublet with yellow flowers, white white or orange rays darker on reverse. Karoo Port 2012. Dimorphotheca nudicaulis Perennial. Cape Point 2011. Dimorphotheca pluvialis Annual. Widespread. Dymondia margaretae Field full near De Hoop 2009. Stemless, low, with yellow flowers. Edmondia fasciculata Bracts bright yellow. Houhoek 2012. Edmondia pinifolia An ‘everlasting’. In bud at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Houhoek 2012 (PGC), in bud. Edmondia sesamoides This species on slope near Stanford 2009? Elytropappus rhinocerotis Renosterbos. Dominant in, and giving its name to, renosterveld. Erigeron karvinskianus Alien. Worcester Botanic Garden. Eriocephalus are shrubs with heads of small woolly flowers. Eriocephalus africanus Wild Rosemary. Cape Point, West Coast NP, etc. Eriocephalus capitellatus Day 5, 2010. Eriocephalus erucoides Day 8, 2010. Eriocephalus microphyllus South of Calvinia 2012. Eriocephalus racemosus West Coast NP. Eriocephalus punctulatus Day 6, 2010. Eriocephalus purpureus Nieuwoudtville etc. Eriocephalus spinescens Karoo. Euryops are shrubs with yellow flowers with one row of smooth oval bracts joined at the base. Euryops abrotanifolius Cape Peninsula 2010. Euryops annuus Tanqua Karoo 2012. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 43

Euryops linearis Leaves mostly entire and linear. De Hoop limestone. Euryops multifidus Leaves mostly trifid with forked lateral lobes. West Coast NP. Euryops speciosissimus Large shrub with very long pinnatisect leaves and large solitary flowers. Locally dominant in the Cedarberg. Euryops tenuissimus Leaves filiform, flowers solitary. Nieuwoudtville. Euryops virgatus Small pinnatisect leaves. Hantam first stop. Local endemic. Euryops virgineus Obovate leaves, small solitary flowers. Naturalised at Kirstenbosch. Felicia have yellow or rarely blue disc florets and blue, pink or white rays, with 2 to 4 rows of green bracts with narrow membranous margins. Felicia aculeata Bracts in 2 rows. Shrublet. De Hoop 2010. Felicia aethiopica Bracts in 2 rows. Shrublet. Ceres. Felicia amoena Bracts in 2 rows. Annual. De Hoop. Felicia australis Bracts in 3 rows. Widespread annual, e.g. Nieuwoudtville. Felicia elongata Bracts in 2 rows. Annual. West Coast NP. Felicia filifolia Bracts in 3 rows. Shrub. Nieuwoudtville and Cape Peninsula. Felicia heterophylla Bracts in 2 rows. Annual with blue discs. Waylands 2009. Felicia hirsuta Bracts in 3 rows. Shrublet. Karoo 2009. Felicia hirta Bracts in 3 rows. Shrublet. Clanwilliam 2009. Felicia merxmuelleri Bracts in 2 rows. Annual. Tanqua Karoo 2012. Felicia namaquana Bracts in 2 rows. Annual. Karoo 2009. Felicia tenella Bracts in 3 rows. Annual. West Coast NP. Foveolina tenella Aromatic annual with solitary radiate flowers, yellow with white rays. West Coast NP 2012. Galinsoga parviflora Alien. Kirstenbosch. Gazania are perennials or annuals with milky latex. Several rows of stiff bracts joined below into a smooth or hairy cup. Gazania heterochaeta Tanqua Karoo 2012. Gazania krebsiana Perennial. Flowers yellow or orange. West Coast NP. Tanqua Karoo. Gazania lichtensteinii Annual. Flowers yellow or orange. Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo. Gazania pectinata Annual. Flowers yellow or orange with dark ring. West Coast NP. Gazania rigida Perennial. Flowers yellow or orange usually with a dark ring. Nieuwoudtville, Tanqua Karoo, and Robertson roadsides. Gerbera linnaei Perennial with tufted leaves, yellow-felted below. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Gnapthalium capense or G.undulatum Days 1 and 14, 2010. Gnapthalium pauciflorum Nieuwoudtville glacial pavement, this species? Gorteria are annual herbs with several rows of stiff bracts joined below into a cup that becomes woody and encloses the seeds. Gorteria diffusa Beetle Daisy. Nieuwoudtville. Gorteria personata Darling area, Nieuwoudtville etc. Gymnodiscus capillaris Small yellow flowered annual. Cape Point. Helichrysum are usually woolly or felted, with disciform flowers with several rows of papery bracts. Helichrysum dasyanthum Grey woolly with yellow flowers. De Hoop dunes. Helichrysum pandurifolium Day 13, 2010. Helichrysum retortum Large white flowers flushed pink, papery bracts. De Hoop dunes 2012. Helichrysum revolutum Corymbs of straw-coloured flowers. West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 44

Helichrysum rosum Tanqua Karoo 2010. Helichrysum teretifolium Corymbs of creamy white flowers. De Hoop. Hirpicium have usually needle-like leaves with margins rolled under and felted beneath. Several rows of stiff bracts united below into a smooth or hairy cup. Flowers yellow or white. Hirpicium alienatum Twiggy shrublet. Bracts acuminate. Tanqua Karoo. Hirpicium integrifolium Shrublet. Bracts filiform. Robertson roadsides 2012. Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Cat’s-ear. Alien. Occasional. Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s-ear. Alien. Widespread. Ifloga thelliana White-membranous annual with straw-coloured discoid heads hidden among leaves. Ceres. Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce. Alien. Scattered records. Lasiopogon muscoides Annual, woolly mats. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Lasiospermum brachyglossum Annual with globose flower-heads, yellow and red with reddish rays. Tanqua Karoo 2012. Leysera gnaphalodes Near Clanwilliam 2011. Metalasia are ericoid shrubs with involucral bracts in several rows. A confusing genus! Metalasia brevifolia Day 14, 2010. Metalasia calcicola De Hoop limestone. Metalasia cephalotes Cape Point 2012. Metalasia densa Widespread. Metalasia erubescens Day 13, 2010. Metalasia fastigiata Clanwilliam 2009. Metalasia muricata Locally common at De Hoop. Also Cape Point. Oedera are shrubs with a few rows of rather translucent bracts. Oedera capensis Fernkloof (PGC). Cape Point. De Hoop limestone. Oedera genistifolia Ceres 2010. Oedera imbricata Fernkloof (PGC). Oedera squarrosa Worcester burn site. Oncosiphon suffruticosum Aromatic annual herb with with discoid yellow flowers. West Coast NP, Tanqua Karoo. Osmitopsis asteriscoides Erect shrub with white-rayed flowers. Marshes at Cape Point and Betty’s Bay. Osteospermum have 2 to 4 rows of narrow bracts, and yellow flowers. Osteospermum clandestina Near Mamre, Nieuwoudtville. Osteospermum incana Cape Peninsula. = Chrysanthemoides incana. Osteospermum monilifera Widespread and common. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera. Osteospermum pinnatum Annual with white to orange rays dark at base. Quiver Tree Forest, Tanqua Karoo. Osteospermum sinuata Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo.

Othonna has one row of smooth bracts joined at the base. Othonna arborescens Succulent shrublet, leaves crowded at branch tips. West Coast NP. Othonna auriculifolia Leaves radical, toothed to deeply lobed. This species in leaf Knervslakte? Othonna cacalioides Dwarf succulent. NWV 2010. Othonna coronopifolia Shrub with solitary flowers on long peduncles. West Coast NP. Othonna cylindrica Shrub with flowers in corymbs. West Coast NP. Othonna dentata Succulent shrublet. Cape Point. Othonna digitata Perennial with disciform purple flowers. Cape Point 2012. Othonna erythrochaeta Nieuwoudtville, in seed, 2011. Othonna filicaulis Perennial with disciform flowers. West Coast NP and De Hoop. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 45

Othonna parviflora Perennial with erect wand-like stems. Worcester burn site. Othonna quercifolia Succulent shrublet. Quiver Tree Forest. Othonna quinquedentata Shrub with slender erect stems. Ceres and De Hoop 2011. Houhoek area 2012 (PGC). Pentzia incana White-woolly shrub with yellow discoid heads. Nieuwoudtville. Petalacte coronata Mauve discoid heads, bracts with white papery appendages. Silvermine 2011 (PGC). Phaenocoma prolifera An ‘everlasting’ with striking purple flowers and pink papery bracts. Fernkloof (PGC) and slope near Stanford 2009. Cape Point. Fine at Houhoek, 2011 and 2012. Picris echioides Bristly Oxtongue. Alien. Napier 2011. Polyarrhena reflexa Leaves reflexed, ray petals white, pink on reverse. Kirstenbosch. Pseudognapthalium luteoalbum Rooisand 2011. Pteronia are shrubs with tubular florets and bracts in many rows, closely overlapping. Pteronia camphorata West Coast NP. Pteronia divaricata NWV 2010. Pteronia glauca Nieuwoudtville. Pteronia incana Karoo, Ceres, near De Hoop. Rhynchopsidium are annuals with many rows of bracts, the inner larger and lanceolate, the outer shorter and ovate. Rhynchopsidium pumilum West Coast NP etc. Rhynchopsidium sessiliflorum Flowers sessile. Ceres, etc. Senecio usually has one row of bracts, often with membranous edges. Usually a few small dark-tipped bracts occur on the pedunclebelow the involucral bracts. Senecio abruptus Annual, yellow flowers. Numerous at Nieuwoudtville. Senecio arenarius Glandular hairy annual, rays mauve. Widespread, e.g. Cape Point etc. Senecio arnicifolius Shrublet with yellow flowers. De Hoop 2010. Senecio burchellii Yellow flowers. Widespread and abundant. Senecio cakilefolius Glabrous annual. Nieuwoudtville. Senecio cinerascens White-woolly shrub with yellow flowers. Bloukrans Pass 2012. Senecio elegans Glandular hairy annual, leaves fleshy, coastal sands at De Hoop. Senecio erosus Perennial, yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Senecio hastatus Sticky perennial with yellow flowers. De Hoop 2010. Senecio hastifolius Perennial with purple ray florets. Kogelberg. Senecio littoreus Annual, yellow flowers. West Coast NP, common. Senecio maritimus Annual, yellow flowers. West Coast and Day 13, 2010. Senecio panduratus Perennial. Nieuwoudtville, in fruit. Senecio pubigerus In leaf at Kirstenbosch, 2012. Senecio purpureus Kirstenbosch 2012. Senecio rigidus Rough Ragwort. This was the common tall yellow flowered Senecio at Rooisand. Senecio sarcoides Cape Point, West Coast NP. Senecio spiraeifolius Perennial with pinnatisect leaves. Nieuwoudtville. Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle. Alien. Scattered records. Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle. Alien. Scattered records. Stoebe cinerea Ericoid shrub. Recorded 2011. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Stoebe sp. Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Syncarpha are felted perennials with conspicuous discoid flowers with several rows of papery bracts. Syncarpha argyropsis Flowers in loose terminal clusters. Bracts white. De Hoop. Syncarpha canescens Bracts pink to red. This species at De Hoop? Syncarpha chlorochrysum Bracts pale yellow. De Hoop limestone. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 46

Syncarpha speciocissima Solitary flower heads. Bracts white. Fernkloof (PGC). Cape Point. Syncarpha vestita Flowers in loose terminal clusters. Bracts white. Kirstenbosch and Cape Point 2011. Tarchonanthus camphoratus Small tree. Flowers discoid in large panicles. Boulders. Ursinia has broad bracts in many rows, with conspicuous papery tips. Pappus of 5 white scales which enlarge in fruit. Ursinia anthemoides Annual, solitary flower heads yellow or orange, sometimes with dark ring. Observatory, Ceres, etc. Ursinia cakilifolia Annual, solitary flowers yellow or orange. Cedarberg lunch site. Nieuwoudtville, numerous. Ursinia dentata Shrublet. De Hoop. Ursinia nana Solitary yellow flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Ursinia nudicaulis Shrublet, solitary yellow flowers. Kirstenbosch. Ursinia paleacea Shrub, yellow flowers dark on reverse. De Hoop roadsides. Ursinia pilifera Shrublet, solitary flowers with white or yellow rays dark on reverse. Nieuwoudtville.

Bignoniaceae Rhizogum obovatum Karoo Gold. Very distinctive shrub with impressive yellow flowers. Seen in Worcester Botanic Garden, but native in the area. Tecoma capensis Cape Honeysuckle. Trumpet shaped orange flowers. Native Somewhat further east but naturalised occasionally in our area.

Boraginaceae Amsinckia retrorsa Alien. The only species listed in Cape Plants but surely more than one species present. Locally abundant. Anchusa capensis Typical alkanet with blue flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Codon royenii Roughly hairy shrublet. Large cream flowers with purple stripes. Quiver Tree Forest. Echium candicans Alien. Near Houhoek. Echium plantagineum Purple Viper’s Bugloss. Alien. Widespread and locally numerous. Lobostemon are small shrubs with usually hairy leaves and funnel shaped blue to pink flowers. Lobostemon curvifolius Flowers pink, hairy outside. De Hoop flats and Stanford. Lobostemon echioides Flowers small and rotate. Day 10, 2010. Lobostemon fruticosus Flowers blue to pink, hairy outside. Waylands, where common. Also West Coast NP. Also Rooisand? Lobostemon laevigatus Reddish branches, leaves leathery with rough white margins. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Lobostemon montanus Leaves silvery hairy, blue flowers hairy outside. Cape Point. Myosotis discolor Changing Forget-me-not. Alien. Observatory. Trichodesma africanum Quiver Tree Forest, 1 plant, 2009.

Brassicaceae Brassica napus Rape. Alien. Ceres to Worcester. Brassica nigra Black Mustard. Alien. Scattered records. Cadaba aphylla Recorded 2010. Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s Purse. Alien. Scattered records. Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bittercress. Alien. Scattered records. Coronopus didymus Lesser Swinecress. Alien. Cape Town. Diplotaxis muralis Annual Wall Rocket. Alien. Napier. Erucastrum austroafricanum Locally common. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 47

Heliophila are annual or perennial, sometimes slightly woody. Flowers blue, pink, white, or occasionally yellow. Heliophila africana Annual with blue flowers. Observatory, Cape Town. Heliophila amplexicaulis Annual, flowers white, pink or mauve. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Heliophila carnosa Shrublet, flowers white or pink. Ceres. Heliophila collina Annual with white flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Heliophila coronopifolia Annual with blue flowers. Darling area etc. Locally very common. Heliophila deserticola Annual, mauvish white flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Heliophila digitata Annual with pink or blue flowers. West Coast NP? Heliophila elata Willowy perennial with blue white-centred flowers. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Heliophila linearis Perennial, leaves fleshy, flowers white to purple. De Hoop 2012. Heliophila macra Shrub with white or pinkish flowers. De Hoop 2010. Heliphila meyeri Annual with white flowers. Ceres. Heliophila pinnata Annual with blue to mauve flowers. Day 8, 2010. Heliophila scoparia Shrublet with erect linear fruits, 30 to 120 mm. In fruit at Rooisand 2012. Heliophila subulata Annual with blue, mauve or pink flowers. Grootvadersbosch to De Hoop 2009. Heliophila spp. Several other species were seen but not identified. Some 60 species occur. Lepidium africanum In fruit, day 10. Lepidium ruderale Narrow-leaved Pepperwort. Alien. Recorded 2010. Lobularia maritima Sweet Alison. Alien. Day 13, 2010. Matthiola incana Hoary Stock. Naturalised near Simonstown. Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish. Alien. Widespread. Bastard Cabbage. Alien, e.g. Nieuwoudtville. Sisymbrium capense Widespread. Sisymbrium orientale Eastern Rocket. Alien. Tanqua Karoo.

Bruniaceae Shrubs, mostly ericoid. Leaves spirally arranged, needle-like, with a minute dry black tip. Flowers small, often cream or white. Sepals and petals 5. Near-endemic to Cape Fynbos. Berzelia has dense globular capitula, and petiolate leaves. Berzelia abrotanoides Flower heads white, c.10mm diameter. Peduncles red, often swollen. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, and Day 12. Berzelia lanuginosa Flower heads c.5mm diameter, cream. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, Houhoek. Berzelia squarrosa Flower heads white, less than 10 mm. Fernkloof (PGC). Berzelia spp. Others not identified. Brunia has dense globular capitula and sessile leaves. Brunia albiflora Fernkloof (PGC). Brunia noduliflora Probably this species at Cape Point, and elsewhere? Houhoek (PGC). Brunia spp. Only 6 spp. occur. Others certainly present. Nebelia paleacea Recorded? Staavia radiata Cape Point.

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Campanulaceae Cyphia are erect or twining herbs with white to purple flowers, equally five lobed or two lipped, and split down the side. Cyphia bulbosa Erect, 2 anthers bearded. Kirstenbosch etc. Cyphia crenata Twining with white to mauve flowers. All anthers bearded. Leaves linear lanceolate to ovate. Babiana ringens site and West Coast NP. Waylands. Cyphia digitata Twining. All or 2 anthers bearded. Leaves digitate. Nieuwoudtville 2011, De Hoop 2012. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Cyphia heterophylla Twining. All anthers bearded. Ceres. Cyphia incisa Erect. All anthers bearded. Darling area and Nieuwoudtville. Cyphia subtubulata Twining. Corolla more or less equally five lobed. All anthers bearded. Ceres 2010. Worcester burn site 2012? Cyphia volubilis Twining with showy white to purple flowers. Caledon area. Cyphia zeyheriana Twining. Corolla more or less equally five lobed. Anthers glabrous. Ceres. Lobelia has the corolla two-lipped and split to the base at the back, the front lip with three lobes. Lobelia coronopifolia Tufted shrublet, to 30cm, with large flowers. Houhoek (PGC). Lobelia erinus Days 1 and 14, 2010. Lobelia linearis Broom-like shrublet. De Hoop. Lobelia pinifolia Erect shrublet, to 50cm. Scattered records. Locally common at Cape Point. Lobelia setacea Perennial. West Coast NP 2010? Lobelia tomentosa Cape Peninsula and Day 13, 2010. Lobelia spp A few others were not identified. Monopsis debilis Possibly this species at Cape Point 2011? Wahlenbergia have campanulate flowers with broad petals. Wahlenbergia androsacea Tufted annual. Flowers white to pale blue. Quiver Tree Forest. Wahlenbergia annularis Attractive with flowers 15 to 20 mm across. Near Clanwilliam, 2011. Wahlenbergia calcarea Flowers white with darker reverse. De Hoop limestone. Wahlenbergia capensis Attractive flowers, blue with a darker centre. Rooisand. Wahlenbergia prostrata Karoo. Wahlenbergia sp. A shrub with very small recurved leaves. Robertson roadside.

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium capense Glandular-hairy annual. Cape Point and De Hoop etc. Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear. Alien. Scattered records. Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse-ear. Alien. De Hoop.

Dianthus albens White flowers. 1 at De Hoop, near the accommodation, 2012. Dianthus sp. In leaf at Nieuwoudtville, Hantam dolerite. Herniaria capensis Ceres second burn site. Kohlrauschia prolifera Alien. Scattered records. Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort. Alien. Cape Town. Scleranthus annuus Annual Knawel. Alien. Day 12, 2010. Silene bellidioides Wild Tobacco. Striking red flowers. Lunch aite at West Coast NP, 2012. Silene crassifolia White to yellow flowers, bifid petals. Day 3, 2010. Silene gallica Alien. Observatory etc. A locally common weed. Silene pilosellifolia Flowers white to purple, petals bifid. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 49

Silene undulata Larger white to pink flowers. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Silene sp. Small purple flowers. West Coast NP 2011. Spergula arvensis Corn Spurrey. Alien. Recorded 2010. Spergularia media Greater Sand-spurrey. Alien. Rooisand 2011. Spergularia rubra Sand-spurrey. Alien. Recorded 2010. Stellaria media Common Chickweed. Alien. Scattered records.

Celastraceae Cassine peragua Leaves opposite, conspicuous venation beneath. Kirstenbosch. De Hoop. Cassine schinoides Leaf venation inconspicuous underneath. Kirstenbosch 2012. Gymnosporia senegalensis Kirstenbosch. Maurocenia frangula Leaves leathery, margins revolute. West Coast NP. Maytenus acuminata When leaf is torn elastic threads connect the segments. Fernkloof (PGC) and Kirstenbosch. Maytenus oleioides Kirstenbosch and Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus In fruit, which are conspicuous and orange-yellow, West Coast NP. Putterlickia pyracantha Fruits striking. West Coast NP.

Convolvulariaceae Convolvulus capensis Cape Bindweed. Cedarberg. Cuscuta sp. West Coast NP.

Cornaceae Curtisia dentata Kirstenbosch.

Crassulaceae Adromischus has sessile flowers in an unbranched spike. Adromischus caryophyllaceus Day 12, 2010. Adromischus triflorus NWV 2010. Adromischus sp. Worcester Burn site 2012. Cotyledon orbiculata Large succulent leaves, clusters of nodding tubular red flowers, which are stalked. West Coast NP. Crassula alpestris Reddish, leaves triangular and opposite. Dense clusters of white flowers. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Crassula atropurpurea Red fleshy leaves. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Crassula campestris Whitish star-shaped flowers. NWV 2010. Crassula columnaris Tubular white to yellow flowers in a terminal head. Knervslakte 2012. Crassula ?comptonii Nieuwoudtville waterfall rocks 2009. Crassula deltoidea Perennial with clusters of cream-coloured urn-shaped flowers. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Crassula dichotoma Annual with wiry stems. Waylands, and Cedarberg lunch slope. Crassula expansa filicaulis Small white flowers tinged red. De Hoop 2012. Crassula fascicularis Clusters of tubular cream flowers. Cape Point, and Worcester burn site. Crassula muscosa Scale like leaves, small yellowish flowers in upper axils. West Coast and Nieuwoudtville. Crassula natans Red patches in wet depressions. Scattered records, e.g. Nieuwoudtville. Also seen in flower. Crassula nudicaulis Reddish, leaves in basal rosette, Tiny white flowers in spike-like inflorescence. Nieuwoudtville and De Hoop. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 50

Crassula pellucida Starry white flowers. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Crassula pyramidalis Tubular white flowers in terminal heads. Karoo ruined building stop before Ceres, 2009. Crassula quadrangularis Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. Crassula rupestris Tubular whitish flowers tinged pink. NWV 2010. Crassula umbella Star shaped white to yellowish green flowers. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Crassula umbellata Cup-shaped cream to pinkish flowers. Cape Peninsula 2010. Crassula vaillantii Similar to C.natans. Nieuwoudtville. Crassula sp. Striking pink flower spikes. Koppie north of Ceres 2009. Crassula spp. A few other species were unidentified. Tylecodon paniculatus Distinctly shaped with tree-like fleshy trunk. In leaf. Near Nieuwoudtville etc. Tylecodon wallichii In leaf. Cedarberg lunch site. Nieuwoudtville, Karoo.

Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus Day 5, 2010. Kedrostis nana West Coast NP 2011.

Cunoniaceae Cunonia capensis Butterspoon Tree. Kirstenbosch. Other species of the genus occur in New Caledonia. Platylophus trifoliatus Tree. Tradouw’s Pass 2009.

Dipsacaceae Scabiosa africana Shrublet to 1m. Roadsides near Cape Point. Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious. Native here as well as in Europe. Near Caledon.

Droseraceae Drosera cistiflora Narrow leaves up stem. Large flowers. Waylands where a variety of colours. Tienie Versveld. Ceres area. Caledon. Drosera hilaris Kirstenbosch, in leaf. Days 10 and 12 2011. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Drosera pauciflora Stemless with large flowers. Leaves at Cape Point(2009). In bud at Waylands 2011. Drosera trinervia Rosettes of reddish leaves. Kirstenbosch. Cape Point – in flower. Ceres pm in flower.

Ebenaceae Diospyros austro-africana Nieuwoudtville 2011. Diospyros glabra Near Ceres. Rooisand. Diospyros whyteana Bladder-nut. Kirstenbosch. Euclea racemosa West Coast NP and De Hoop. Euclea tomentosa Day 6, 2010.

Ericaceae Erica abietina Large tubular red flowers. Cape Peninsula 2011. Erica brachialis Large tubular green flowers. Cape Point. Erica bruniifolia Drooping heads of white flowers. De Hoop limestone. Erica caffra Water Heath. This species on Day 10, 2011? Cape Peninsula 2012. Erica cerinthoides Fire Heath. Tight clusters of tubular red flowers. Cape Point 2011. 2012 Houhoek, PGC. Erica coccinea De Hoop limestone, yellow flowered form. Large tubular flowers with protruding anthers.

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Erica corifolia Urn-shaped pink flowers. Fernkloof (PGC) and Cape Point. Erica cubica The common pink flowered species at Grootvadersbosch, colouring the hillside. 2009. Erica cumuliflora Small flowers in dense heads, white with erect dark brown lobes. Fernkloof (PGC). Erica ecklonii Small tubular white flowers in terminal heads, 4 exserted anthers. Fernkloof (PGC). Erica ericoides Urn shaped pale pink flowers with four protruding anthers.This species at Cape Point, 2011? Erica globiceps Low shrublet with terminal heads of small tubular pink flowers with 4 exserted anthers. Harold Porter Botanic Garden fynbos. Erica hirtiflora Numerous small hairy ovoid pink flowers. Kirstenbosch. Erica hispidula Small urn to bell shaped flowers, white, pink, or red. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Houhoek area 2012 (PGC). Erica imbricata Small calycine flowers, white or pink with exserted anthers. Locally common. Cape Point. Kogelberg. Erica labialis Terminal heads of small to medium tubular pink flowers with four exserted anthers. Cape Point 2012. Erica lutea Small to medium yellow to white flowers, ‘pointed’. Fernkloof (PGC). Erica mariae Large dark red tubular flowers. De Hoop limestone 2011. Erica patersonia Large tubular yellow flowers. Marshes at Betty’s Bay. Erica perspicua Prince-of-Wales Heath. Pink flowers with white tips. Betty’s Bay to Hermanus. Erica plukenetii Red tubular flowers with protruding anthers. Kirstenbosch and Cape Point. Erica propinqua Flowers small, urn-shaped, deep pink. De Hoop dunes. Erica quadrangularis Very small pink or white flowers. Common in Houhoek area. Erica scytophylla Flowers small, urn-shaped, pink with darker exserted anthers. De Hoop limestone. Erica sessiliflora Large tubular light green flowers. Fernkloof (PGC). Erica vernicosa Small, narrowly ovoid, pink, shiny, with four exserted stamens. De Hoop 2010. Erica versicolor Large tubular flowers, Kirstenbosch, where naturalised.

Euphorbiaceae Clutia are shrubs with alternate leaves, inconspicuous flowers, male and female on separate plants. Clutia alaternoides West Coast NP 2010. Kirstenbosch 2012. Clutia erucoides Day 5, 2010. Clutia polygonoides Kirstenbosch 2012. Clutia pulchella Kirstenbosch. Clutia thunbergii NWV 2010. Euphorbia arcuethobioides Days 6 and 8, 2010. Euphorbia braunsii Tanqua Karoo. Euphorbia burmanii Shrublet with leaves soon falling to leave green twiggy stems. West Coast NP. Euphorbia caput-medusae Medusa’s Head. Shrublet with rosette of club-shaped branches. West Coast NP. Euphorbia decussata Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo. Euphorbia ecklonii Leaves pressed to the ground, elliptic. De Hoop flats. Euphorbia esula Leafy Spurge. Alien. Scattered records. e.g. Observatory. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 52

Euphorbia erythrina Woody perennial. De Hoop. Euphorbia foliosa Day 13, 2010. Euphorbia genistoides Linear leaves. Ceres area. Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge. Alien. Observatory. Euphorbia loricata Impressive spiny shrub. Cedarberg lunch slopes 2012. Euphorbia mauritanica Shrub with yellow petal-like glands. Locally common, e.g. West Coast National Park. Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge. Alien. Scattered records, e.g. Observatory. Euphorbia silenifolia Similar to E.tuberosa but leaves narrower. Burnt slope at Betty’s Bay 2009. Euphorbia tuberosa Stemless with long narrow leaves. Cape Point, burn site near Ceres etc. Euphorbia sp. Spiny cushion at Gannaga Pass 2009. Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury. Alien. Cape Town 2011. Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant. Alien. Scattered records.

Fabaceae Acacia karoo Locally numerous as in the Karoo. The following alien acacias, all from Australia, are widespread:- Acacia cyclops Acacia longifolia Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Acacia pycnantha Acacia saligna Aspalathus carnosa Shrub, flowers in terminal heads, yellow, standard partly red. Cape Point. Aspalathus cephalotes Violet flowers in spikes or heads. This species near Ceres 2011? Aspalathus ericifolia Yellow flowers. Ceres. Aspalathus globulosa Terminal heads of almost white flowers with keel tipped violet. De Hoop limestone flats 2012. Aspalathus hirta Bright yellow flowers, keel and calyx shortly hairy. NWV 2010. Aspalathus hispida Flowers pale yellow to white. Waylands Flower Reserve. Aspalathus incurvifolia Narrow leafy spikes with yellow flowers. De Hoop limestone, e.g. lunch site 2009. Aspalathus linearis Rooibostee. In leaf in Harold Porter Botanic Garden fynbos. Aspalathus nigra Shrublet with slate-blue to violet flowers. Ceres. Aspalathus rosea Shrublet with pink flowers. Day 13, 2010. Was this the species at Napier 2012? Aspalathus spinosa Day 5, 2010. Aspalathus spinescens Thorny shrub with yellow flowers. Babiana ringens site. Aspalathus ternata Pale yellow flowers fade purplish. Sandvelt east of Velddrif, 2009. Possibly day 5, 2011 Aspalathus spp. A number were not identified. A very large genus. Bolusafra bituminosa Tar Pea. Bitumen scented, with yellow flowers. Kirstenbosch. Dipogon lignosus Cape Sweet Pea. Large trifoliate leaves and racemes of pink flowers. Kirstenbosch. Dolichos decumbens Creeping with heads of strongly sweet-scented purple flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Hypocalyptus coluteiodes Shrub with striking racemes of magenta flowers. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 53

Indigofera are herbs or shrubs with pink flowers, the keel petals with a sac or spur. Indigofera alopecuroides Shrublet, leaflets densely hairy. Fernkloof (PGC). Indigofera filicaulis Shrublet, Thread-like peduncles more than twice length of leaves. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Indigofera filifolia Shrub to 3m, leaves sparse. In fruit 2011. Indigofera filiformis Shrublet, wiry stems, pink to red flowers with standard densely silky on back. Kirstenbosch. Indigofera glomerata Shrublet with racemes of purple flowers. Betty’s Bay burn 2009. Kogelberg 2012. Indigofera heterophylla Prostrate with bright pink flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Indigofera incana Shrublet, leaflets coarsely long-hairy. Observatory and Ceres. Indigofera meyeriana Shrublet. Stems furrowed, often greyish. Day 8, 2011. Indigofera procumbens Trailing with erect racemes of orange to purple flowers. Tienie Versveld, West Coast NP. Indigofera spp. Several were unidentified. Lebeckia are shrubs or herbs with a woody base. Racemose yellow flowers. Lebeckia cytisoides Silvery shrub with bright yellow flowers. Cedarberg lunch slope 2012. Lebeckia leipoldtiana Thorny shrublet with yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Lebeckia multiflora Shrub with yellow flowers. West Coast NP. Lebeckia plukenetiana Spikes of yellow flowers. Leaves 1-foliolate. Tienie Versveld. Lessertia frutescens Sutherlandia. A striking small shrub with red flowers and large swolled papery pods. Widespread and locally common. Lessertia microphylla Tanqua Karoo. Lessertia rigida Spinescent subshrub, pink to purple flowers. West Coast NP lunch site, Nieuwoudtville. Liparia parva Prostrate shrublet, with globose racemes of pale yellow-green flowers. Cape Point. Lotononis falcata Annual, flowers yellow fading orange. Ceres and Day 8, 2010. Lotononis hirsuta Sprawling softly hairy, with yellow flowers with brown flecks on standard. Nieuwoudtville, Hantam and wild flower reserve. Lotononis leptoloba Annual, yellow flowers. Day 8, 2011. Lotononis maximiliani Annual with blue flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Lotononis pungens Shrublet with yellow flowers. West Coast NP. Lotononis umbellata Prostrate with clusters of yellow flowers. Day 12 2011. Lotus corniculatus Bird’s-foot Trefoil. Alien. Kirstenbosch. Lotus subbiflorus Alien. Rooisand. Lupinus angustifolius Narrow-leaved Lupin. Alien. Cedarberg etc. Lupinus luteus Yellow Lupin. Alien. Often abundant. Lupinus varius Alien. Often abundant. Medicago arabica Spotted Medick. Alien. Recorded. Medicago lupulina Black Medick. Alien. Recorded. Medicago polymorpha Toothed Medick. Alien. Locally common. Medicago sativa Lucerne. Alien. Recorded. Melilotus indicus Small Melilot. Alien. Scattered records. Ornithopus compressus Alien. Nieuwoudtville. Ornithopus sativus Cultivated Bird’s-foot. Alien. Day 10, 2011. Otholobium sabulosum Shrublet with white flowers. De Hoop limestone. Podalyria, Cape Sweetpeas, are silvery hairy shrubs, with simple leaves and pink purple or white flowers. Podalyria argentea Shrublet, bracts broadly ovate. West Coast NP. Podalyria biflora Shrublet, bracts lanceolate. Rooisand. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 54

Podalyria calyptrata Small tree to 5m. Widespread in the south of the area, e.g. Kirstenbosch. Podalyria myrtillifolia Shrub. De Hoop limestone. Podalyria sericea Shrublet to 1m. West Coast, in fruit. Prosopis glandulosa Mesquite. Naturalised and numerous in the Karoo. Psoralea aphylla Broom-like shrub with blue flowers, keel white. Cape Point. Psoralea pinnata Tree with narrowly pinnate leaves and purple flowers. Fernkloof (PGC). Rafnia, Ink Peas, are hairless and bluish, with simple leaves. Rafnia capensis ssp.pedicillata Hairless with terminal heads of yellow flowers. Betty’s Bay burn 2009. Rafnia ovata Erect shrub, large solitary flowers. South of Gordon’s Bay (PGC) 2009. Rhynchosia capensis Decumbent shrub with yellow flowers. Cape Peninsula 2011. Rhynchosia ferulifolia Sprawling subshrub with yellow flowers. Day 14, 2010. Spartium junceum Spanish Broom. Alien. Tephrosia capensis Subshrub with pinnate leaves and pink or purple flowers. De Hoop. Trifolium angustifolium Narrow-leaved Crimson Clover. Alien. Observatory etc. Trifolium arvense Hare’s-foot Clover. Alien. Ceres etc. Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil. Alien. Cape Town etc. Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil. Alien. Cape Town etc. Trifolium hirtum Hairy Trefoil. Alien. Near Mamre etc. Trifolium repens White Clover. Alien. Cape Town etc. Trifolium stipulaceum Native. Day 3, 2010. Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clover. Alien. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Vicia benghalensis Alien. Widespread and locally common, e.g. observatory. Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare. Alien. Ceres etc. Vicia lutea Yellow Vetch. Alien. Waylands 2012. Vicia sativa Common Vetch. Alien. Recorded 2010. Virgilia oroboides A pink flowered tree. Kirschtenbosch, in fruit. Wiborgia, Pennypods, are shrubs with yellow flowers, and woody pods that are rounded and winged. Wiborgia monoptera Pale yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville. In fruit at the Cedarberg lunch site. Fruit has broad dorsal wing. Wiborgia tetraptera Flowers whitish flushed purple. Nieuwoudtville, in fruit. Fruit has dorsal, ventral, and lateral wings. Xiphotheca reflexa Silver Pea. Shrublet with silvery leaves and yellow flowers at branch ends. Rooisand.

Fagaceae Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak. Alien.

Fumariaceae Cysticapnos vesicaria Climbing annual with small pink flowers and inflated fruits. Darling area, West Coast NP, etc. Fumaria muralis Alien. Widespread. This is the only naturalised species listed in Cape Plants but it appeared that more than one was present. Trigonocapnos lichtensteinii Twining annual with long racemes of pink flowers. Nieuwoudtville, e.g. waterfall.

Gentianaceae Chironia baccifera In fruit, red berries. Kirstenbosch 2012. Chironia tetragona In fruit, red berries. De Hoop dunes 2011. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 55

Sebaea aurea Four-lobed flowers. Yellow form at De Hoop. White form near Napier. Sebaea exacoides Flowers yellow or white with orange streaks in throat, five- lobed. Scattered records, e.g. Cape Point, West Coast NP, Ceres and Rooisand. Sebaea micrantha Yellow 5-lobed flowers. De Hoop. Sebaea zeyheri Yellow 5-lobed flowers. Day 13, 2010.

Geraniaceae Erodium botrys Alien. Scattered records, e.g. service station stop on Day 3. Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill. Alien. Observatory etc. Widely naturalised. Erodium moschatum Musk Stork’s-bill. Alien. Widespread. Geranium incanum Kirstenbosch. Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill. Alien. Cape Town etc. Monsonia (= Sarcocaulon) Monsonia crassicaule Spiny succulent with large yellow flowers and long typical stork’s-bill fruits. Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo. Monsonia salmoniflora Pink Candle Bush. Spiny shrub with pink flowers. Tanqua Karoo. Monsonia speciosa Not spiny. Flowers white to pink. South of Gordon’s Bay (PGC) 2009. Monsonia sp. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Pelargonium anethifolium Finely divided umbellifer like leaves, umbels of yellowish green flowers. Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. Pelargonium articulatum Leaves round and silky hairy, often with reddish zonal marking. In leaf at Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Pelargonium betulinum Shrub. Leaves somewhat leathery. White to pink flowers. De Hoop limestone. Pelargonium capitatum Widespread, e.g. Kirstenbosch, West Coast NP, Rooisand. Pelargonium cucullatum Large leaved shrub. Kirstenbosch not in flower, Cape Point, West Coast NP. Pelargonium fulgidum Scarlet flowers. Common in West Coast NP. Pelargonium grossularioides Dwarf annual, leaves cordate or lobed, flowers purple. Ceres. Pelargonium hirtum Flowers dark pink. West Coast NP. Pelargonium magenteum Magenta-purple flowers. Probably this species Gannaga and Karoo 2009. Pelargonium myrrhifolium Leaves divided into narrow lobes. Pink flowers with darker markings. Darling, West Coast NP, Rooisand etc. Pelargonium rapaceum Geophyte, white, yellow or pink flowers. Day 6, 2010. Pelargonium scabrum Shrub. Deeply lobed lemon scented leaves. White to pink flowers. Near Clanwilliam. Pelargonium senecioides Annual, leaves pinnatifid, flowers white with purple markings. Sandvelt near Clanwilliam 2012. Pelargonium tabulare Shrublet, leathery round leaves, flowers purple. Day 5, 2010. Pelargonium triste Basal tuft of leaves. Pale yellowish flowers with darker markings on long peduncle. Darling area, Day 10, etc. Pelargonium spp. Several were not identified.

Grubbiaceae Shrubs. Inflorescence a small axillary cone-like cluster. Flowers minute, reddish, and star shaped. Sepals 4, petals absent. Ovary inferior. Endemic to Cape Fynbos.

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Grubbia rosmarinifolia Locally common at Grootvadersbosch, 2009. Fernkloof 2012 (PGC).

Kiggelariaceae Kiggelaria africana Wild Peach. Kirstenbosch.

Lamiaceae Ballota africana Whorls of purple flowers. West Coast NP. Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Deadnettle. Alien. Ceres 2010. Leonotis leonurus Whorls of orange tubular flowers. De Hoop etc. Plectranthus fruticosus Probably this species at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Plectranthus neochilus Day 14, 2010. Salvia africana-caerulea Blue flowered grey-hairy leaved shrub. Darling area and Day 5. Salvia africana-lutea Golden-brown flowered grey leaved shrub. Cape Peninsula, West Coast NP, Darling area, De Hoop. Salvia chamelaeagnea Blue flowers, leaves glabrescent. Nieuwoudtville. Salvia dentata Blue flowers, leaves grey-hairy and toothed to pinnatifid. Tanqua Karoo. Salvia disermas Glandular hairy, leaves roughly hairy and ovate, whitish to mauve flowers. Roadsides at Nieuwoudtville. Salvia lanceolata Dull pinkish flowers. Babiana ringens site. Stachys aethiopica White to pink flowers. West Coast NP, De Hoop. Stachys arvensis Field Woundwort. Alien. Observatory. Stachys aurea Yellow flowers. Gannaga Pass 2009. Stachys rugosa Grey shrub, pink flowers, foetid. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve.

Linaceae Linum africanum Yellow flowers. De Hoop 2011.

Loranthaceae Septulina glauca Stem parasite with tubular flowers greyish green flushed red. On Lycium, West Coast NP 2011.

Malvaceae Anisodontea anomala Pink flowers, strongly scented. Nieuwoudtville, in fine flower. Anisodontea biflora Ceres 2010. Anisodontea scabrosa Small pink flowers. De Hoop limestone. Hermannia are shrublets or perennials with small yellow, red or pink flowers with spirally twisted petals and globular to bell-shaped calyces. A very complex genus with many recently discovered and undesribed species. Hermannia alnifolia Grey-mealy shrub with small yellow flowers. Darling area 2011. Hermannia althaeifolia Mealy-grey shrublet with yellow flowers. Darling area. Hermannia angustibracteata Scented orange flowers. Roadside Babiana ringens site. Hermannia concinnifolia Shrublet with yellow flowers. De Hoop 2011. Hermannia confusa Shrublet with yellow flowers. Ceres 2010. Hermannia cuneifolia Twiggy shrub with yellow flowers. Day 6, 2010. Hermannia flammea Shrublet with dark red flowers. Day 12, 2010. Hermannia grandiflora Beautiful deep pink flowers. In fine flower in Tanqua Karoo. Hermannia heterophylla Sprawling shrublet with mauve flowers. West Coast NP. Hermannia hyssopifolia Cream to pale yellow flowers. Observatory, Kirstenbosch. Hermannia johanssenii Grey shrublet with nodding deep yellow flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 57

Hermannia joubertiana Small red flowers in tight clusters. De Hoop 2012. Hermannia multiflora Grey-mealy shrub with yellow flowers. Cape Peninsula 2011. Hermannia myrrhifolia Shrublet with red and yellow flowers. Day 3, 2010. Hermannia pinnata Shrublet with yellow flowers. Day 3. Hermannia saccifera Yellow flowers. Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Near De Hoop 2011. Hermannia spinosa Spinescent shrublet, floweres dark pink to red. Tanqua Karoo 2012. Hermannia ternifolia Grey-mealy shrublet with orange to red flowers. Cape Point 2011. Hermannia trifoliata Red flowers on erect branches. De Hoop 2011. Hermannia trifurca To 1.5m. Mauve flowers. Darling area, West Coast NP, sandvelt east of Velddrif 2011. Cedarberg 2012. Hermannia verdoorniae Shrublet with nodding pink flowers. Nieuwoudtville, Hantam. Hermannia spp. Many others not identified, particulary notable in 2012! Hibiscus trionum Alien. South of Gordon’s Bay (PGC) 2009. Lavatera arborea Tree Mallow. Alien. Scattered records. Malva parviflora Least Mallow. Alien. Widespread. Malva pusilla Small Mallow. Alien. Nieuwoudtville 2011.

Meliaceae Nymania capensis Chinese Lanterns. Worcester botanic garden.

Melianthaceae Trees or shrubs. Racemes of green, brown or red flowers. Sepals 5, petals 4 or 5. Melianthus comosus Flat leaves, racemes with one flower at each node. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve etc. Melianthus elongatus Leaf margins rolled under, racemes of 2 to 4 flowers at each node.West Coast NP. Melianthus major Large greyish leaves and long stalked racemes of maroon flowers. Scattered records, locally common.

Molluginaceae Adenogramma glomerata Annual with with small axillary clusters of white flowers. Nieuwoudtville. Ceres pm. Hypertelis salsoloides Dwarf shrublet. Fleshy leaves. 8mm white/pink flowers. Tanqua Karoo 2012. Limeum africanum Small green and white flowers. Mamre, West Coast NP etc. Pharnaceum aurantium Shrublet, white flowers on long purplish white-glaucous peduncles. Nieuwoudtville. Pharnaceum elongatum Shrublet, stipules cut to base into hair-like lobes. Cape Point (2011) and Waylands. Pharnaceum lineare Leaves in whorls. West Coast NP.

Montiniaceae Shrubs or small trees. Flowers white, regular, star shaped. Sepals and petals 4. Montinia caryophyllacea Glaucous shrub with terminal white flowers. Widespread, e.g. Kirstenbosch, Nieuwoudtville, and Worcester burn site.

Moraceae Ficus cordata Namaqua Fig. Nieuwoudtville area.

Myricaceae Morella cordifolia West Coast NP and De Hoop dunes. = Myrica cordifolia.

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Morella quercifolia Rooisand and Betty’s Bay. = Myrica quercifolia.

Myoporaceae Myoporum tenuifolium Cape Town 2009.

Myrsinaceae Myrsine africana Cape Myrtle. Kirstenbosch. Rapanea melanophloeos Cape Beech. Kirstenbosch and Grootvadersbosch (2009).

Myrtaceae Leptospermum laevigatum Coastal Teatree. Rooisand 2011.

Neuradaceae Prostrate hairy annuals. Flowers yellow and cup shaped. Sepals and petals 5. Grielum grandiflorum Flowers yellow with a green ‘eye’. West Coast NP. Grielum humifusum Flowers yellow with white central area. West Coast NP, Clanwilliam area, Nieuwoudtville.

Oleaceae Chionanthus foveolatus Tree. Kirstenbosch. Olea capensis Tree, leaves elliptic-ovate. Cape Point 2011. Olea europaea ssp.africana Wild Olive. Leaves narrowly-elliptic. Scattered records, e.g. Kirstenbosch, Nieuwoudtville. Olea exasperata Small tree with linear-oblong leaves. Cape Point.

Oliniaceae Olinia ventosa Hard Pear. Kirstenbosch.

Onagraceae Oenothera biennis Common Evening-primrose. Alien. Day 5, 2010.

Orobanchaceae Harveya purpurea Broadly funnel shaped pink flowers direct from the ground. A few on slope near Stanford, 2009. Rooisand 2011 and 2012. Harveya squamosa Spike of tubular orange/yellow flowers. A few in West Coast NP 2011, and a few on roadside north of Clanwilliam 2009. Hyobanche glabrata Sparsely hairy red flowered root parasite. 4 at one site in Tanqua Karoo 2009. Ceres area 2011. Napier and Rooisand 2012. Hyobanche sanguinea Densely hairy crimson flowered root parasite. Locally common at Cape Point, West Coast NP, near Ceres, and several other sites. Orobanche minor Common Broomrape. Alien. Observatory and Kirstenbosch. Orobanche ramosa Branched Broomrape. Alien. Worcester botanic garden.

Oxalidaceae Oxalis ambigua Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. Oxalis bifida Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets bilobed to middle. Flowers rose with greenish tube, peduncle articulated. Ceres 2010. And 2011? Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Caledon 2012. Oxalis commutata Flowers rose, lilac or white with yellow tube. Ceres 2011? Oxalis compressa Similar to O.pes-caprae, but petiole flattened. Observatory, West Coast NP, Ceres area etc. Oxalis corniculata Yellow flowers. Alien. Scattered records. Oxalis densa Tanqua Karoo. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 59

Oxalis engleriana Leaves crowded apically. Leaflets ciliate and hairy beneath. Rose flowers with yellow tube. Ceres 2011? Oxalis flava Leaflets narrow. In leaf at Nieuwoudtville etc. Oxalis glabra Flowers red, pink or white with a yellow tube. Darling area. Oxalis hirta Leaves grey-green, hairy beneath. Flowers mauve, magenta or white with sometimes elongate yellow tube. Ceres. Oxalis incarnata Flowers white with greenish tube. Kirstenbosch. Cape Point 2011. Harold Porter BG. Oxalis lanata ssp.rosea Pink flowers. silky leaves. Burn sites Ceres. Oxalis livida Leaflets deeply bilobed, purple beneath. Flowers rose or lilac with yellowish tube. Kirstenbosch. Oxalis luteola Yellow flowers, leaves trifoliate. Rooisand. Oxalis massoniana Hantam. In leaf, stalkless leaves up the stem. Oxalis multicaulis Leaflets silky hairy beneath. Flowers white or pink with yellow tube and dark reddish margins. Ceres to Worcester and Rooisand 2011. Recorded 2012. Oxalis obtusa Flower colour variable, often salmon. Wedge or heart shaped leaflets. Widespread and common, Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville etc. Oxalis orbicularis Leaves large. Flowers pale lilac with yellow tube, peduncle articulated. Rooisand 2011? Oxalis pes-caprae Yellow flowers, several on peduncle. Widespread and locally very common. Oxalis polyphylla Leaflets linear. Flowers rose lilac or white, with yellow tube and darker margins. De Hoop 2011. Oxalis purpurea Leaflets ciliate, hairy beneath. Purple flowered form, scattered records. Oxalis versicolor White flowers with purple margins. Darling area, Rooisand etc. Oxalis spp. Several others seen but unidentified.

Papaveraceae Argemone ochroleuca Mexican Poppy. Alien. Scattered. Papaver dubium Long-headed Poppy. Alien. Cape Town 2010. Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy. Alien. Napier 2011.

Penaeaceae Shrubs, mostly hairless. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Flowers yellow or pink. Sepals 4, brightly coloured and petal like. Petals absent. Ovary superior. Endemic to Cape Fynbos. Penaea cneorum Small yellowish flowers. Fernkloof (PGC), Grootvadersbosch. 2009. Penaea mucronata Small yellow to red flowers. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, Rooisand, Kogelberg. Saltera sarcocolla Flowers glossy pink. Cape Point, and Kogelberg. Sonderothamnus speciosus Pink flowers, tepals c.8 mm long. Fernkloof (PGC).

Plantaginaceae Plantago cafra Cape Plantain. Hairy annual with linear leaves. Tanqua Karoo 2011. Plantago coronopus Buck’s-horn Plantain. Alien. Recorded 2010. Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain. Alien. Widespread.

Plumbaginaceae Limonium longifolium Flowers pink to white. Days 2 and 13, 2010. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 60

Limonium perigrinum Flowers magenta. West Coast NP, a few. Limonium sinuatum Winged Sea Lavender. Alien. Purple and white flowers. Nieuwoudtville.

Polygalaceae Muraltia are shrubs, often ericoid, with small usually pink flowers. 110 fynbos species. Muraltia collina Axillary pink flowers on short pedicels. De Hoop 2010? Muraltia ericoides Axillary pink flowers sessile. Cape Point. Muraltia filiformis Axillary pink flowers sessile. Leaves needle-like to linear. Cape Point 2012. Muraltia harveyana Calyx small. Flowers on short pedicels, axillary, pink. West Coast NP. Muraltia heisteria Calyx small. Flowers on short pedicels, axillary, purple. Kirstenbosch, Worcester burn site, etc. Muraltia satureioides Calyx small. Flowers on short pedicels, axillary, pink or white. Coastal calcareous sands, De Hoop dunes. Muraltia spp. Several others seen but unidentified. Nylandtia are shrubs with pink flowers. Now included in Muraltia. Nylandtia scoparia Erect shrub. Nieuwoudtville and Ceres 2010. Nylandtia spinosa Thorny shrub with small pink flowers and red or orange fleshy fruits. Langebaan to Nieuwoudtville etc., locally common. Polygala bracteolata Inflorescence terminal, side petals unequally bilobed. Kogelberg? Polygala dasyphylla Inflorescence terminal, side petals entire. De Hoop limestone 2012. Polygala garcinii Shrublet with needle-like leaves. Inflorescence terminal, side petals entire. Waylands (2011), West Coast NP, Rooisand. Polygala myrtifolia Shrub with large purple flowers. Common and widespread. Polygala fruticosa Shrub with opposite heart shaped leaves. Track at Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Polygala microlopha Inflorescence terminal, side petals unequally bilobed. Leaves leathery. Wild in Worcester botanic garden 2012. Polygala peduncularis Large flowers on long peduncles. Inflorescence lateral. De Hoop dunes. Polygala recognita Inflorescence terminal, keel shorter than 6 mm. Cape Point. Polygala umbellata Shrublet with umble-like clusters of purple flowers. Caledon. Polygala spp. Several others seen but unidentified.

Polygonaceae Emex australis Fruits spiny. West Coast NP and Day 13, 2010. Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass. Alien. Rumex acetosella Sheep’s Sorrel. Alien. Scattered records. Rumex cordatus Leaves ovate-cordate. Scattered records. Rumex crispus Curled Dock. Alien. Day 13, 2010. Rumex lativalvis Leaves sagittate-hastate, long-petiolate. Day 3 and 12, 2010.

Portulacaceae Anacampseros sp. A small succulent. Nieuwoudtville waterfall.

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel. Alien. Widespread. Only the blue form seen. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 61

Proteaceae Trees or shrubs. Sometimes dioecious. Inflorescence often with colourful bracts. Sepals 4, petals absent. Ovary superior. Fruit a woody nutlet, often aggregated into a cone. Brabejum stellatifolium Wild Almond. A tree. Kirstenbosch. Diastella divaricata Silky Puff. Shrublet with pink flowerheads. Cape Point, e.g. Hyobanche sanguinea site, and Kogelberg. Diastella fraterna Flowers white to cream. Day 14, 2010. Leucadendron have unisexual flowers, the female in cones formed by woody bracts, and the male in dense . Leucadendron argenteum Silver Tree. Kirstenbosch. Leucadendron chamelaea Leaves linear-oblanceolate, involucral leaves slightly longer, yellow. Flower heads strongly scented. Ceres pm 2012. Leucadendron coniferum Cone scales overlapping, bracts yellow. Cape Point. Leucadendron eucalyptifolium Involucral leaves long and yellow in both sexes. Locally common at Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Leucadendron gandogeri Involucral leaves yellow tinged red. Fernkloof (PGC). Leucadendron laureolum Involucral leaves large and yellow giving a striking yellow appearance to the plant. Cape Point. Leucadendron loranthifolium Blue-green leaves. Cederberg. Leucadendron meridianum Cone scales overlapping, leaves linear-lanceolate, silky or glabrous. De Hoop limestone. Leucadendron muirii Cone scales not overlapping, leaves dimorphic. De Hoop limestone. Leucadendron remotum Leaves linear-oblanceolate, involucral leaves similar. Nieuwoudtville? 2011. Leucadendron salignum Male involucral leaves narrow and yellow, female larger and ivory or red. Widespread. Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville etc. Leucadendron spissifolium Involucral leaves ivory or plae green. Betty’s Bay area? Leucadendron tinctum Involucral leaves yellow turning red. Houhoek (PGC). Leucadendron xanthoconus Involucral leaves yellow. Cape Point, Kogelberg. Leucospermum, Pincushions, are shrubs or treeswith medium to large clustered flowerheads, usually yellow or red. Leucospermum conocarpodendron Shrub to 5m. Bright yellow flowers. Cape Point and Cape Peninsula. Leucospermum cordifolium Large orange to scarlet flowers. Kogelberg and Houhoek area. Leucospermum hypophyllocarpodendron Creeping with yellow flowers. Cape Point, Mamre. Leucospermum oleifolium Flowers yellow-green fading red. Kogelberg 2011. Leucospermum prostratum Mat-forming shrublet with flower heads yellow fading orange. Resprouting at Rooisand 2012. Leucospermum rodolentum Grey leaves and bright yellow flowers. Roadsides in sandvelt east of Velddrif. Leucospermum truncatum Leaves with three apical teeth. Yellow flowers fade to orange. De Hoop limestone. Mimetes, Pagoda Bushes, are shrubs or trees with flowers in spikes at branch tips with coloured bracts or inflorescence leaves. Mimetes cucullatus Style red. Houhoek area and Betty’s Bay. Many resprouting at Rooisand 2012. Mimetes fimbriifolius Style yellow with red tips. Rocky slopes Cape Point, restricted to the Cape Peninsula. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 62

Mimetes hirtus Involucral bracts brightly coloured, usually longer than inflorescence leaves. Style red. In peaty marshes very locally at Cape Point. Paranormus dispersus Leaves dissected, flower heads in cylindrical spikes. Possibly this species at Houhoek (PGC). Protea are shrubs or small trees, with flowers in terminal heads, surrounded by large colourful bracts. Protea compacta Bot River Protea. Tall and lanky, pink bracts. Betty’s Bay. Protea coronata Bright green involucral bracts, tips curved inwards and with a white beard. Kirstenbosch. Protea cynaroides King Protea. Large cup-shaped flowers with pink bracts. Harold Porter BG, Kogelberg, Cape Point. Protea glabra Chestnut Sugarbush. Involucral bracts brownish. Cederberg and Nieuwoudtville. Protea laurifolia Cream to pink bracts, outer with horny margins, inner bearded. Nieuwoudtville and Ceres. Protea longifolia Inner involucral bracts not bearded, greenish to pink. Florest forming a black woolly cone longer than bracts. Fernkloof (PGC). Rooisand. Protea lorifolia Inner involucral bracts bearded, pink or cream. Ceres 2010. Protea neriifolia Green narrow oblong leaves. Houhoek 2012 (PGC). Protea nitida Waboom. Foliage and bracts silvery. Kirstenbosch, Ceres, Betty’s Bay area, etc. Protea obtusifolia Narrow flowerheads, cream to red involucral bracts. De Hoop limestone. Protea repens Sugarbush. Narrow flowerheads with cream to red bracts, covered with a sticky gum. Cape Point, Ceres, Stanford to Betty’s Bay. Protea scolymocephala Involucral bracts cream or pale green. Cape Point, from the vehicle, 2009! Serruria, Spiderheads, have leaves divided into very narrow segments, and often pink or silvery clustered flower heads. Serruria adscendens Kleinmond spiderhead. Flower heads several in clusters, creamy white. Betty’s Bay marshes. Serruria elongata Flower heads several on a long peduncle, silvery pink. Fernkloof (PGC). Serruria fasciflora Solitary silvery pink flower heads. Day 14, 2010. Serruria glomerata Flower heads several in clusters, cream. Cape Point. Serruria villosa Silky leaves and solitary yellow flowerhead. Cape Point.

Ranunculaceae Knowltonia vesicatoria Yellowish flowers. Kirstenbosch etc. = Anemone vesicatoria.

Resedaceae Reseda lutea Yellow Mignonette. Alien. Cape Town and roadsides near De Hoop.

Rhamnaceae Phylica are shrubs or small trees. Leaves ericoid, flowers often grouped in heads, calyx woolly or hairy outside. Phylica buxifolia Shrub or small tree, leaf margins slightly revolute, grey-felted beneath. Cape Point.

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Phylica ericoides Shrublet, needle-like leaves, flowers densely white-felted. De Hoop dunes. Phylica oleaefolia Shrub, leaves ovate, white-felted beneath. Clanwilliam area, Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Phylica pubescens Shrub with linear-lanceolate leaves, flowers in large flattened solitary capitula , surrounded by many leaves and long-villous bracts. Kirstenbosch. Phylica rigidifolia Shrub, leaves linear to needle-like, rough, flowers white. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Phylica spp. Various species unidentified, e.g. at Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville, De Hoop dunes (small with ‘fluffy’ flower heads). Scutia myrtina Small thorny tree, opposite ovate leathery leaves. Kirstenbosch 2012. Trichocephalus stipularis Shrublet, leaves with small stipules, linear-lanceolate, rough, pink flowers in capitula, densely white-hairy on outside. Cape Point and Rooisand.

Rosaceae Cliffortia are shrubs or small trees, flowers unisexual, on same or different plants. Cliffortia arborea A very rare and local tree. 1at Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Cliffortia odorata On slopes of Table Mountain from Kirstenbosch, 2012! Cliffortia ruscifolia Leaves spiny. Kirstenbosch, and Cederberg 2009. Nieuwoudtville. Cliffortia strobilifera Leaves simple, linear, acute. Nieuwoudtville 2010.

Cliffortia spp. Others unidentified. Rubus sp. Kirstenbosch. Possibly a native species.

Rubiaceae Anthospermum are shrubs or herbs with narrow often whorled leaves. Flowers small. Anthospermum bergianum Densely hairy subshrub, 5-lobed yellowish flowers. Cape Point 2011. Anthospermum sp. Darling area 2011. Cape Point 2012. Burchellia bubalina Tree. Grootvadersbosch 2009. Canthium inerme Cape Date. Kirstenbosch. Galium capense Scrambling glabrescent perennial. Leaves in whorls of 6 to 10. Day 3, 2010. Galium spurium Straggling prickly annual. Day 10, 2010. Galium tomentosum Prickly scrambling perennial, leaves in whorls of 6 to 8. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Nenax divaricata Similar to Anthospermum. Nieuwoudtville 2010.

Rutaceae Trees or shrubs. Often aromatic. Frequently ericoid. Leaves dotted with oil glands. Flowers mostly white to pink. Sepals and petals 5 (rarely 4). Ovary superior. Acmadenia are shrubs with pink or white flowers, petals often bearded. Acmadenia mundiana Shrub to 1m. Pink flowers. Leaves up to 11 x 5mm Common on De Hoop limestone. Acmadenia obtusata Shrublet to 30 cm. Flowers bright pink. Leaves 11 x 1.5mm. De Hoop dunes, locally dominant. Adenandra are shrubs with showy red tinged white flowers. Stamens tipped with a stalked gland, alternating with hairy staminodes. Adenandra brachyphylla Leaves broadly ovate, cordate at base. Houhoek (PGC). Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 64

Adenandra obtusata Flowers in heads of 1 to 4. De Hoop. Adenandra uniflora Solitary pinkish white flowers with darker medial stripe. Cape Point. Adenandra viscida Flowers in heads of 2 to 10, and sticky. Cape Point. Adenandra villosa Flowers 2 to 6 in condensed corymbs. Cape Point. Agathosma usually has small flowers, stamens and staminodes 5. Disc cup-like or flat. Agathosma bifida Flowers in lax terminal clusters, white to intense purple. Day 13, 2010. Agathosma capensis Sweetly spice-scented. White, pink, or purple flowers in lax terminal clusters. Cedarberg lunch site 2012. Agathosma ciliaris Flowers in terminal clusters, white or mauve. Cape Point, Houhoek Inn area. Agathosma collina White flowers in dense terminal clusters. Dominant in De Hoop dunes. Agathosma imbricata Ericoid shrub with dense clusters of white, pink, or purple flowers. West Coast NP 2009. De Hoop. Agathosma riversdalensis White or purple flowers in terminal clusters. De Hoop 2011. Agathosma serpyllacea Leaves narrow, swollen behind tip and slightly twisted. Flowers in lax terminal clusters, white, pink, or purple. De Hoop limestone slope. Agathosma spp. Others unidentified. Coleonema are shrubs with 5 staminodes arising opposite each petal, concealed in a channel. Coleonema album Leaves linear-oblong, sweet-smelling, flowers white. Kirstenbosch. De Hoop. Coleonema ?juniperinum Leaves resin-scented, flowers white. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Coleonema pulchellum Dense shrub with pungent sweet-smelling leaves, flowers pink. Cape Peninsula 2011. Diosma are small shrubs with flowers many or few in inflorescence, disc cup-like with a wavy margin. Petals glabrous. Diosma hirsuta Leaves alternate. Flowers white. Napier, Rooisand. Diosma subulata Leaves mostly opposite, flowers white. De Hoop. Diosma sp. Cape Point. Euchaetis are erect shrubs, with terminal solitary, twin or aggregated flowers. Petals white to pink, transversely bearded. Euchaetis burchelli Flowers 2 at branch tips, white or pink. De Hoop limestone 2012. Euchaetis meridionalis Ericoid shrublet with ascending folded leaves and clusters of 4 to 6 white or pink flowers. De Hoop, locally dominant.

Santalaceae Osyris compressa Hemiparasitic shrub. Kirstenbosch. Nieuwoudtville (2009). Thesidium fragile Brittle hemiparasitic shrublet. Perianth lobes and stamens 4. De Hoop dunes. Thesium are hemiparasites with perianth lobes and stamens 5. Thesium capitatum To 30 cm. Flowers minute and whitish in dense terminal heads. Cape Point 2011. Thesium euphorbioides Shrub to 2m. Bracts broad and yellowish. West Coast NP 2012. Thesium lineatum Rigid shrub, Flowers in short racemes on spinescent branchlets. Quiver Tree Forest. Thesium spicatum Shrublet with flowers in dense oblong spikes. Recorded 2012. Thesium spinosu Spiny. West Coast NP 2012. Cape Point 2011.

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Thesium strictum Broom-like, to 2m. Scattered records, e.g. Cape Point, Kogelberg. Thesium viridifolium Shrublet to 50 cm. Flowers white in dense heads. Cape Point. Thesium spp. Several others not identified. Some 85 species occur.

Sapindaceae Dodonaea angustifolia Small tree. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Cedarberg (2011).

Sapotaceae Sideroxylon inerme Milkwood. Cape Point and De Hoop.

Scrophulariaceae Alonsoa unilabiata Annual, flowers pink to orange. Karoo koppie and Calvinia (2009), Nieuwoudtville 2012. Antirrhinum orontium Weasel’s Snout. Alien. Near Clanwilliam. Aptosimum indivisum Shrublet with blue and violet flowers. Leaves spine-tipped. Quiver Tree Forest, Tanqua Karoo. Aptosimum procumbens Prostrate shrublet with blue and violet flowers. Karoo 2011. Chaenostoma are shrublets or woody perennials. Calyx 2-lipped, corolla with 5 more-or-less equal lobes. Stamens 4 in dissimilar pairs. Formerly Sutera. Chaenostoma caeruleum Glandular-hairy perennial. Flowers mauve or violet with a yellow tube. Nieuwoudtville. Chaenostoma hispidum Glandular-hairy shrublet. Flowers narrowly funnel shaped, pink to mauve with a yellow throat. Day 13, 2010. Chaenostoma revolutum Glandular-hairy shrublet, flowers white, pink or mauve with a yellow tube. Ceres area. Chaenostoma uncinatum Glandular shrub. Pink flowers. West Coast NP. Cromidon varicalyx Annual flowers in heads, white with orange patch. Nieuwoudtville 2010. Diascia have mostly purple flowers with bright yellow windows, lower petal with pouches or spurs. Diascia bicornuta Flower spurs 13 to 19 mm long. Cedarberg lunch site 2012. Diascia capensis Flowers saccate. West Coast NP, Ceres. Diascia cardiosepala Flowers solitary, mauve with purple centre. Nieuwoudtville. Diascia collina 2-saccate flowers, greyish magenta with dark magenta centre and yellow sacs and -bearing boss. West Coast NP 2012. Diascia diffusa Flowers saccatae. West Coast NP. Diascia elongata Flowers saccate, fruiting pedicels s-shaped. Kirstenbosch. Cape Point. Ceres. Not seen in 2012? Diascia floribunda Nieuwoudtville. Diascia lewisiae Nieuwoudtville, Hantam stop 1 . Diascia longicornis Spurs 4 to 18 mm. Cedarberg stop 1. Diascia nana Karoo south of Calvinia 2011. Diascia parviflora Flowers greyish to reddish violet with yellow windows, in racemes. Ceres 2010. De Hoop 2011? Diascia veronicoides Dark purple flowers in racemes. Nieuwoudtville. Diascia sp. Called this in Nieuwoudtville book. 2 long spurs. Nieuwoudtville waterfall. Dischisma capitatum Annual with white flowers in dense narrow spikes. Rooisand, 2011. Halleria lucida Tree Fuchsia. Small tree with orange flowers. Kirstenbosch and Grootvadersbosch (2009). Harold Porter Botanic Garden. Hebenstretia have sessile flowers in dense spikes, white usually with orange fleck at the base of petals. Hebenstretia dentata Annual. Cedarberg lunch, Nieuwoudtville. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 66

Hebenstretia parviflora Annual. Nieuwoudtville. Hebenstretia repens Annual. Anthers stalked. Kirstenbosch, Mamre, West Coast NP, Cape Point. Hebenstretia robusta Shrublet. South of Gordon’s Bay (PGC), Darling area 2009. 2011 Nieuwoudtville. Hemimeris have bright yellow flowers with darker spots, lower lip with pouches or spurs. Hemimeris centrodes Flowers with 2 spurs, 3 to 6 mm long. Flowers 8 to 14 mm. Nieuwoudtville. Hemimeris gracilis Flowers 5 to 8 mm, spurs 4 to 5 mm. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve. Hemimeris racemosa Flowers 7.5 to 13 mm, spurs very short (to 3mm). Scattered records. Hemimeris sabulosa Flowers saccate. Cape Point, West Coast NP. Jamesbrittenia are shrubs or herbs with glands. Corolla regular. Jamesbrittenia albomarginata Dwarf shrublet, flowers maroon with white margins. De Hoop 2011. Jamesbrittenia fruticosa Shrublet, flowers white to purple with yellow throat. Quiver Tree Forest 2009. Jamesbrittenia stellata Glandular-hairy shrublet with white or pink flowers with wedge-shped yellow to red patch at base of each lobe. Near rooms at De Hoop, 2012. Jamesbrittenia thunbergii Annual, mauve flowers with yellow/orange throat. Day 6, 2011. Lyperia are mostly annual with large leaf-like bracts. Corolla tube cylindric, inflated at throat. Lyperia lychnidea Perennial, greenish flowers. Rooisand shores. Lyperia tristis Glandular annual with starry yellow flowers. Babiana ringens site And West Coast NP. Roadsides near Clanwilliam. Manulea are annual or perennial, flowers white, yellow, red or brown. Tubular corolla with five similar lobes or 2-lipped. Manulea altissima Foetid perennial, tall, heads of white flowers, Sandveld east of Velddrif. and near Clanwilliam. Manulea cheiranthus Annual with brown thread like petals. Cape Point, Darling area, Cedarberg, Rooisand. Manulea rubra Perennial with reddish brown narrow-petalled flowers. Babiana Ringens site 2009. Manulea tomentosa Grey-hairy perennial, flowers orange to brown. Rooisand shores 2011. Microdon capitatus Ericoid. Ovoid heads of white flowers with orange throat. West Coast NP 2010. Microdon dubius Long spikes of yellow flowers. Kirstenbosch 2009. Day 12, 2011. Houhoek 2012. Nemesia have strongly 2-lipped flowers, rather snapdragon like. Nemesia affinis Annual , variable flower colour. Scattered records, e.g. West Coast NP. ( = N.versicolor ). Nemesia anisocarpa Annual with yellow lower lip, upper lip white with broader lobes than N.cheiranthus. Nieuwoudtville 2009. 2011 Tanqua Karoo. Nemesia barbata Lower lip blue to blackish. Very beautiful. Darling, Ceres etc. Nemesia cheiranthus Annual with yellow lower lip with long white upper petals. Cedarberg, Nieuwoudtville. Nemesia fruticans Shrublet, flowers pink or lilac with raised yellow palate. Seemingly wild in Worcester botanic garden. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 67

Nemesia leipoldtii Flowers large, white with yellow patch. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve and Hantam. Nemesia ligulata Annual, flower colour variable. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Nemesia sp. Small white flowers, De Hoop. Oftia africana Shrub with toothed leaves and regular 5-lobed white flowers. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, West Coast NP etc. Peliostomum virgatum Shrublet, flowers violet, anthers shortly hairy. Quiver Tree Forest 2011. Phyllopodium cephalophorum Annual with crowded heads of mauve flowers in branched clusters. West Coast NP. Polycarena aurea Glandular annual. Flowers in clusters, yellow, with upper lip white tipped yellow. Nieuwoudtville. Polycarena batteniana Annual. Flowers cream to white, yellow patch at base of upper lip. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Not seen 2012? Polycarena formosa Annual. Flowers cream to yellow, upper lobes tipped orange and with orange patch at base. Nieuwoudtville, Papkuilsfontein. Polycarena lilacina Glandular annual with white to mauve flowers with basal yellow patch on upper petals. Sandvelt east of Velddrif 2009. West Coast NP 2011. Pseudoselago spuria Clusters of funnel shaped mauve flowers with 2 upper petals. Mamre 2009. Selago are shrubs or herbs with small flowers often in many flowered heads. Selago albida Flowers violet. Nieuwoudtville. Selago aspera Flowers white. De Hoop 2012. Selago glabrata Flowers white. Nieuwoudtville. Selago glutinosa White flowers in dense spikes. Ceres. Verbascum thapsus Aaron’s Rod. Alien. Locally naturalised. Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell. Alien. Scattered records. Veronica persica Common Field Speedwell. Alien. Scattered records. Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Alien. Cape Town 2010. Zaluzianskya, Drumsrtick Flowers, have flowers with 5 more or less similar lobes, the lobes often notched or forked. Zaluzianskya divaricata Annual, flower lobes rounded, yellow with red start shaped centre. Brown outside. 1 near Mamre, 1 near Ceres, 2012. Zaluzianskya parviflora Annual, small flowers with deeply bifid lobes. West Coast NP and De Hoop. Zaluzianskya pusilla Annual, petals entire, white with orange centre, and maroon outside. Day 5, and NWV 2010. Zaluzianskya villosa ‘Drumstick’ of white to mauve 5 lobed flowers, with deeply notched petals. West Coast NP sands, locally common. Zaluzianskya violacea Annual, flowers with bifid lobes, mauve with yellow central patch. Quiver Tree Forest.

Solanaceae Lycium afrum Thorny shrub, flowers purple. Waylands (2011) and West Coast NP 2012. Lycium cinereum Thorny shrub, flowers white to pale mauve. Scattered records, 2010. Lycium ferocissimum Thorny shrub with leathery leaves and white to mauve flowers. West Coast NP, and scattered elsewhere.

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Nicotiana glauca Shrub Tobacco. Alien. Shrub with yellow tubular flowers. Karoo etc. Solanum giftbergense Prickly shrub with purple flowers. Sandvelt east of Velddrif 2011. Solanum linnaeanum Spiny shrub, leaves deeply lobed, flowers purple. West Coast NP 2011. Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade. Alien. Day 10, 2011. Solanum villosum Hairy Nightshade. Alien. Rooisand. Solanum tomentosum Prickly shrub with felted leaves and purple flowers. West Cape Peninsula, near Clanwilliam, etc.

Stilbaceae Trees or shrubs, often ericoid. Inflorescence a spike or axillary clusters. Flowers small, often pink, cream or white. Funnel shaped or tubular. Sepals and petals 5. Ovary superior. Retzia capensis Shrublet with long narrow leaves and tubular orange flowers with black tips. Harold Porter Botanic Garden, not in flower (PGC). Stilbe ericoides Ericoid shrublet. Multi-stemmed. Whorls of 4 leaves. Globular spikes of pink flowers. De Hoop. Stilbe overbergensis Ericoid shrublet. Single-stemmed. Leaves mainly in whorls of 3. Day 12, 2010.

Tamaricaceae Tamarix usneoides Day 6, 2010.

Thymelaeaceae Small trees or shrubs, often ericoid. Inflorescence a spike or head. Flowers white, yellow or pinkish, tubular, sepals 4 or 5, petals replaced by 4, 8, or 12 scale-like appendages. Ovary superior. Gnidia are often ericoid, flowers usually in heads, usually white or yellow, membranous or fleshy petal scales in the mouth of the fused tube. Gnidia juniperifolia Floral scales membranous. Involucral leaves slightly wider than than other linear leaves. Flowers yellow. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point. Gnidia leipoldtii Flowers 2 to 6 at branch tips, cream. Papkuilsfontein 2012. Gnidia nana Shrub. Floral scales fleshy, flowers lilac to purple. Day 13, 2010. Gnidia pedunculata Shrub to 50cm. Heads of yellow flowers, silky hairy. Numerous in Tanqua Karoo at one site as we approached Ceres. Gnidia pinifolia Shrub. Floral scales fleshy, leaves needle-like, involucral leaves wider, flowers white. Cape Point. De Hoop. Gnidia simplex Shrublet. Floral scales membranous. Yellow flowers. Leaves linear-lanceolate to awl-shaped. De Hoop limestone. Gnidia squarrosa Willowy shrub. Flowers pale cream-green. De Hoop 2010. Lachnaea densiflora Ericoid shrub with capitula of cream to dark pink flowers. An interesting addition to the list, Rooisand, 2012. Passerina has small cream or reddish flowers. Passerina corymbosa Cape Point 2010. Silvermine 2011 (PGC). Kirstenbosch 2012. (P.vulgaris). Passerina ericoides De Hoop 2010. Passerina galpinii De Hoop limestone. Passerina glomerata Day 6, 2010. Passerina rigida De Hoop 2010. Passerina truncata NWV 2010.

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Struthiola has flowers solitary in upper axils, forming long spikes, usually white or cream. Fleshy petal scales 4, 8, or 12. Struthiola argentea Floral scales 12. Hypanthium hairy outside. De Hoop flats. Struthiola ciliata Floral scales 8. Hypanthium hairy outside. Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville, Ceres, Rooisand. Struthiola confusa Floral scales 8. Hypanthium hairy outside. Fernkloof (PGC). Struthiola dodecandra Floral scales 8. Hypanthium glabrous outside. Cape Point 2011. 2012 Rooisand. Struthiola myrsinites Floral scales 8. Hypanthium glabrous outside. Cape Point 2011. Struthiola rigida Floral scales 12. Hypanthium glabrous outside. De Hoop flats. Struthiola striata Floral scales 4. De Hoop flats 2012. Struthiola sp. A few other species seen.

Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium. Alien. Scattered records.

Urticaceae Urtica urens Annual Nettle. Alien. Around Papkuilsfontein, Nieuwoudtville.

Valerianaceae Centranthus ruber Red Valerian. Alien. A few records.

Verbenaceae Chascanum cernuum Twiggy shrublet, terminal spikes of white, or mauve-tinged, flowers with a yellow throat. De Hoop 2012. = Plexipus cernuus.

Viscaceae Viscum capense Parasitic on Osteospermum, West Coast NP 2011. De Hoop dunes 2012. Viscum pauciflorum Parasitic on Maytenus, Kirstenbosch. Orange berries. Viscum rotundifolium Common on Acacia karoo. Viscum spp. On Agathosma imbricata, De Hoop and Phylica ericoides, De Hoop.

Zygophyllaceae Augea capensis Brittle annual or perennial with opposite clavate leaves. Nieuwoudtville. Roepera was formerly Zygophyllum. Leaves bifoliolate unless otherwise stated. Roepera cordifolia Shrublet with simple leaves, flowers yellow with red or brown markings. West Coast NP. Roepera flexuosa Shrublet, yellow flowers with reddish markings. Cape Point, West Coast NP, and De Hoop flats. Roepera foetida Foetid shrub. Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve, and Karoo. Roepera morgsana Shrub, fleshy leaves, large fruits with 4 wings. West Coast NP, De Hoop. Roepera retrofracta Shrub with minute flowers, white or cream. Karoo koppie 2009. Roepera sessilifolia Shrublet, flowers whitish with red veins. Rooisand. Roepera spp. A few unidentified, including one at Cape Point, and a pink Flowered species at De Hoop (2009).

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Systematic List Number 2 Birds

The few species seen in previous years but not in 2012 are retained with the year in which we last saw them on the tour. 2012 indicates species added this year.

Common Ostrich Struthio camelus Cape Point, West Coast NP, De Hoop etc. Not truly wild populations. Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris Widespread, seen daily. Grey-winged Francolin Scleroptila africana West Coast NP and Nieuwoudtville. Cape Spurfowl Pternistis capensis Widespread and common. Common Quail Coturnix coturnix Heard at several sites and seen at Nieuwoudtville. White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata Cape Town Observatory 2009. Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis Widespread, e.g. Darling area, Nieuwoudtville and De Hoop. Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca Widespread and very common. South African Shelduck Tadorna cana Nieuwoudtville and De Hoop. Cape Teal Anas capensis De Hoop. Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata Widespread in small numbers. Cape Shoveler Anas smithii Tienie Versveld and De Hoop. Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha Tienie Versveld. Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma De Hoop 2012. Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa Day 10, 2011. African Penguin Spheniscus demersus The colony at Boulder’s Beach was approached very closely. Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta From the cliffs at the Cape Point lunch site 2012. Northen Giant Petrel Macronectes halli From Cape Point 2011. White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis From the cliffs at the Cape Point lunch site 2012. Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus From the cliffs at the Cape Point lunch site 2012. Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Scattered records on small water bodies. Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus De Hoop. Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Near Cape Town, Berg River, Rooisand, etc. Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor 1 in West Coast NP. Black Stork Ciconia nigra 1 at Papkuilsfontein 2009. African Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus Widespread in small numbers. Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash Common and widespread, Cape Town area, Nieuwoudtville, De Hoop, etc. African Spoonbill Platalea alba Nieuwoudtville and De Hoop. Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax One group at De Hoop. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Widespread in small numbers. Black-headed Heron Ardea melanocephala Widespread singletons. Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Widespread singletons. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia 1 on Day 3 2012. Little Egret Egretta garzetta De Hoop. Hamerkop Scopus umbretta De Hoop 2011. Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus Near Cape Town and De Hoop. Cape Gannet Morus capensis Off the Cape Peninsula and De Hoop.

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Reed Cormorant Microcarbo africanus Scattered records, e.g. Cape Town Observatory. Crowned Cormorant Microcarbo coronatus Betty’s Bay 2012. Bank Cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus Betty’s Bay 2012. White-breasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax lucidus Boulder’s Beach and Veldriff etc. Cape Cormorant Leucocarbo capensis Numerous at Boulder’s Beach, etc. African Darter Anhinga rufa Berg River and De Hoop. Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Scattered records e.g. Nieuwoudtville and West Coast NP. Black Kite Milvus migrans Scattered along roads, e.g. R27, and De Hoop. African Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer Heard at De Hoop, seen at Rooisand. Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres 8 and then 3 in the air as we approached Bredasdorp. African Marsh Harrier Circus ranivorus West Coast NP 2012. Black Harrier Circus maurus West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville, and Day 10. African Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus Papkuilsfontein and Napier 2012. Pale Chanting Goshawk Melierax canorus A few in the Karoo. African Goshawk Accipiter tachiro Ceres 2011. Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk Accipiter rufiventris 1 at Cape Point 2011. Buzzard sp. Buteo sp. The ‘mystery buzzard’ seen at Kirstenbosch 2012. Forest Buzzard Buteo trizonatus Houwhoek (PGC). Jackal Buzzard Buteo rufofuscus Common on roadsides. Verreaux’s Eagle Aquila verreauxii 2 at Papkuilsfontein waterfall. Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus Papkuilsfontein waterfall. Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus An immature in the West Coast NP 2012. Rock Kestrel Falco rupicolus Widespread. Greater Kestrel Falco rupicoloides Knervslakte and Tanqua Karoo. Hobby Falco subbuteo Ceres (CC), an unusual record, 2012. Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Hermanus cliffs 2009. Day 2, 2011. Ludwig’s Bustard Neotis ludwigii Several in Nieuwoudtville, Knervslakte and the Tanqua Karoo. Denham’s Bustard Neotis denhami Very good views of several in the De Hoop area. Karoo Korhaan Eupodotis vigorsii 1 as we approached De Hoop 2012. Southern Black Korhaan Afrotis afra Darling area, Hantam, and Ceres (2009). Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Day 2. Red-knobbed Coot Fulica cristata Locally very common. Blue Crane Anthropoides paradiseus Widespread in small numbers, seen at many sites with some fine views. Darling area, West Coast NP , De Hoop area. Water Thick-knee Burhinus vermiculatus Heard at De Hoop 2012. Spotted Thick-knee Burhinus capensis After dinner one evening in Pinelands, also in Langebaan, and at De Hoop. African Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini Boulders 2012. 2011, 1 at De Hoop. Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Widespread in small numbers. Pied Avocet Recurirostra avosetta Scattered records, e.g. Nieuwoudtville. Blacksmith Lapwing Vanellus armatus Widespread. Crowned Lapwing Vanellus coronatus Scattered records in fields. Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Berg River 2009. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 72

Kittlitz’s Plover Charadrius pecuarius Betty’s Bay 2012. Three-banded Plover Charadrius tricollaris Nieuwoudtville. African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis 2 at Tienie Versveld (PGC) 2012. Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Berg River 2009. Common Greenshank Tringa nebularis Numerous at Berg River 2009. Common Redshank Tringa totanus 1 at Berg River 2009. Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Berg River 2009. Little Stint Calidris minuta Berg River 2009. Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Berg River 2009. Hartlaub’s Gull Chroicocephalus hartlaubii Locally very common, Cape Town to West Coast. Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus Cape Town to West Coast. Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Berg River 2009. De Hoop 2011. Swift Tern Thalasseus bergii Boulders. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida De Hoop 2012. Namaqua Sandgrouse Pterocles namaqua Quiver Tree Forest and Karoo 2009. 2012 heard at Nieuwoudtville. Common Pigeon Columba livia Feral Pigeon, towns, common and widespread. Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea Scattered records. African Olive Pigeon Columba arquatrix Kirstenbosch fynbos. Lemon Dove Columba larvata 2 at Kirstenbosch 2012. Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata Widespread. Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola Widespread. Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis Widespread. Tambourine Dove Turtur tympanistra Heard at Tradouw’s Pass 2009. Namaqua Dove Oena capensis Quiver Tree Forest. Dideric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius Waylands 2012. Klaas’s Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas A male at Worcester botanic garden, heard elsewhere. Spotted Eagle-Owl Bubo africanus Kirstenbosch and heard at De Hoop. Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis De Hoop 2011, heard there in 2012. Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba Scattered records. Common Swift Apus apus De Hoop 2011. African Black Swift Apus barbatus Rooisand. Little Swift Apus affinis Scattered records. White-rumped Swift Apus caffer Scattered records. Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus De Hoop area. White-backed Mousebird Colius colius West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville and Worcester. Red-faced Mousebird Urocolius indicus West coast 2009 and 2011. Malachite Kingfisher Alcedo cristata 1 at Nieuwoudtville. Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Berg River 2009. European Bee-eater Merops apiaster Over the Quiver Tree Forest 2012. African Hoopoe Upupa africana Honeywood Farm 2009. Nieuwoudtville 2011. Heard at De Hoop 2012. Acacia Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas Quiver Tree Forest. Heard only 2012. Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minor Heard at Honeywood Farm 2009. Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator Heard at the Tanqua Karoo lunch site 2012. Heard in Darling area 2011. Knysna Woodpecker Campethera notata Seen superbly at De Hoop 2012.

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Ground Woodpecker Geocolaptes olivaceus Gannaga and Tradouw’s Pass. Also heard at Van Rhyns Pass. All 2009. 2011 Cape Point and Nieuwoudtville. Cardinal Woodpecker Dendropicos fuscescens Heard at Nieuwoudtville 2009. Cape Batis Batis capensis Kirstenbosch (PGC). Heard at Grootvadersbosch. 2009. Olive olivaceus Heard at De Hoop 2009. Bokmakierie Telophorus zeylonus West Coast, Karoo, De Hoop, etc. Southern Tchagra Tchagra tchagra De Hoop. Southern Boubou Laniarius ferrugineus De Hoop 2012. 2011 scattered records. Common Fiscal Lanius collaris Widespread and common. Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Day 10 and Rooisand. House Crow Corvus splendens A few around Cape Town 2009 and 2011. Cape Crow Corvus capensis Widespread. Pied Crow Corvus albus Widespread and very common. White-necked Raven Corvus albicollis Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville, and De Hoop. Fairy Warbler Stenoscira scita Papkuilsfontein and Gannaga 2009. 2012 by one of the stop/go signals en route from Nieuwoudtville to Calvinia! Grey Tit Parus afer Quiver Tree Forest. Cape Penduline Tit Anthoscopus minutus Heard in West Coast NP (2009), nest in Tanqua Karoo. Cape Clapper Lark Mirafra apiata Nieuwoudtville. Karoo Lark Calendulauda albescens West Coast NP. Karoo Long-billed Lark Certhilauda subcoronata Tanqua Karoo 2012. Cape Long-billed Lark Certhilauda curvirostris Heard at Postberg 2009. Agulhas Long-billed Lark Certhilauda brevirostris De Hoop area. Spike-heeled Lark Chersomanes albofasciata Nieuwoudtville. Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea A few roadside records. Large-billed Lark Galerida magnirostris Nieuwoudtville. Black-eared Sparrow-lark Eremopterix australis A small group in the Tanqua Karoo. Grey-backed Sparrow-lark Eremopterix verticalis Karoo, De Hoop, etc. 2009 and 2011. Cape Bulbul Pycnonotus capensis Widespread. Sombre Greenbul Andropadus importunus Kirstenbosch. Black Saw-wing Psalidoprocne pristoptera Kirstenbosch and De Hoop etc. Brown-throated Martin Riparia paludicola De Hoop. Banded Martin Riparia cincta Nieuwoudtville. White-throated Swallow Hirundo albigularis Scattered records, e.g. Darling area. Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiata Scattered records, e.g. De Hoop. Lesser Striped Swallow Hirundo abyssinica De Hoop (CC) 2009. Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula Widespread. Greater Striped Swallow Cecropis cucullata Widespread. Lesser Swamp Warbler Acrocephalus gracilirostris Nieuwoudtville, Geissorhiza splendens site. Grey-backed Cisticola Cisticola subruficapilla Scattered records. Levaillant’s Cisticola Cisticola tinniens Boulders and Velddrif 2009. Neddicky Cisticola fulvicapill Grootvadersbosch 2009. Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Heard at Tienie Versveld. Seen at De Hoop. 2009. Day 10, 2011 and 2012. Cloud Cisticola Cisticola textrix Tienie Versveld. Rufous-eared Warbler Malcorus pectoralis Nieuwoudtville 2009. 2012 heard Tanqua Karoo. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 74

Karoo Prinia Prinia maculosa Widespread and common. Namaqua Warbler Phragmacia substriata Nieuwoudtville Geissorhiza splendens site. Bar-throated Apalis Apalis thoracica Heard at Kirstenbosch. Seen at De Hoop. Cinnamon-breasted Warbler Euryptila subcinnamomea Heard at Gannaga Pass 2009. Karoo Eremomela Eremomela gregalis Seen well in Tanqua Karoo. Cape Grassbird Sphenoeacus afer De Hoop. Victorin’s Warbler Cryptillas victorini Heard at Kogelberg. Chestnut-vented Warbler Sylvia subcaerulea Heard 2009. Layard’s Warbler Sylvia layardi Karoo 2009. Cape White-eye Zosterops capensis Widespread, e.g. Cape Town area. Cape Sugarbird Promerops cafer Kirstenbosch, Cape Point, and De Hoop. Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris Widespread and very common. Pied Starling Lamprotornis bicolor Widespread and very common. Cape Glossy Starling Lamprotornis nitens 2 Karoo before Nieuwoudtville 2009. Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio Kirtsenbosch, Cape Point, Nieuwoudtville, De Hoop etc. Pale-winged Starling Onychognathus nabouroup Karoo 2009 and 2011. Olive Thrush Turdus olivaceus Kirstenbosch and Houwhoek. Karoo Thrush Turdus smithii Nieuwoudtville. Cape Robin-chat Cossypha caffra Widespread and common. Karoo Scrub-robin Eryhtropygia coryphaeus West Coast NP, Nieuwoudtville, and Karoo. African Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Scattered records, e.g. West Coast NP and De Hoop. Capped Wheatear Oenanthe pileata Darling area, West coast, Nieuwoudtville, and De Hoop. Mountain Wheatear Oenanthe monticola Nieuwoudtville area. Sickle-winged Chat Cercomela sinuata Nieuwoudtville 2009. Karoo Chat Cercomela schlegelii Tanqua Karoo. Tractrac Chat Cercomela tractrac Tanqua Karoo. Familiar Chat Cercomela familiaris Nieuwoudtville, e.g. De Lande. Ant-eating Chat Myrmecocichla formicivora Hantam dolerite outcrop 2012. Cape Rock Thrush Monticola rupestris Caledon (PGC), before the group arrived. Fiscal Flycatcher Sigelus silens De Hoop, Houwhoek. African Dusky Flycatcher Muscicapa adusta Heard at De Hoop, Houwhoek (PGC). Orange-breasted Sunbird Anthobaphes violacea Cape Point, De Hoop, etc. Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina Grootvadersbosch 2009. Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa Widespread, e.g. Cape Point, Babiana ringens site, Quiver Tree Forest. Seen most days. Southern Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris chalybeus Widespread and reasonably common. Greater Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris afer Grootvadersbosch 2009. Dusky Sunbird Cinnyris fuscus Quiver Tree Forest 2009. House Sparrow Passer domesticus Widespread. Cape Sparrow Passer melanurus Widespread. Cape Weaver Ploceus capensis Widespread. Southern Masked Weaver Ploceus velatus Nieuwoudtville. Southern Red Bishop Euplectes orix West coast, Nieuwoudtville, De Hoop, etc. Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis Widespread. Swee Waxbill Estrilda melanotis Houwhoek. Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Scattered records. African Quail-Finch Ortygospiza fuscocrissa Napier 2011. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 75

Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura Cedarberg lunch site. Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis Widespread, e.g. Boulders, Nieuwoudtville. Cape Longclaw Macronyx capensis Waylands and Tienie Versveld 2009. 2011 De Hoop. African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus Nieuwoudtville. Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis Quiver Tree Forest, and Ceres. Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys Cape Point and Grootvadersbosch 2009. Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Kirstenbosch. Cape Canary Serinus canicollis Common and widespread. White-throated Canary Serinus albogularis West Coast NP and Nieuwoudtville. Forest Canary Crithagra scotops Kirstenbosch and Grootvadersbosch 2009, Kirstenbosch 2011. Yellow Canary Crithagra flaviventris Scattered records. Brimstone Canary Crithagra sulphurata Kirstenbosch and Grootvadersbosch 2009. De Hoop 2011. Streaky-headed Seedeater Crithagra gularis Cedarberg lunch site. Cape Siskin Crithagra totta Cape Point 2012. Black-headed Canary Crithagra alario Bloukrans Pass. Lark-like Bunting Emberiza impetuani Quiver Tree Forest. Cape Bunting Emberiza capensis Widespread.

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Systematic List Number 3 Mammals

The nomenclature and systematic order follow ‘Smither’s Mammals of Southern Africa. A Field Guide’, edited by Peter Apps, 2000 edition.

Cape Golden Mole Chrysochloris asiatica Feeding trails in the Nieuwoudtville area. Brant’s Whistling Rat Parotomys brantsii At least three colonies in the Karoo, with several animals seen very closely 2009. 2011 heard only, and sign Striped Mouse Rhabdomys pumilio Diurnal. Scattered records. Cape Gerbil Tatera afra Holes at Nieuwoudtville possibly made by this species. Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Naturalised in southwest Western Cape Province and seen in Pinelands. Cape Molerat Georychus capensis Mounds in sandy areas, e.g. West Coast NP. Common Molerat Crytomys hottentotus An almost inconceivable record was of one of these characterful animals ‘paddling’ itself busily around the kitchen floor of the country house that PGC was staying in at Houwhoek prior to the group’s arrival. Cape Dune Molerat Bathyurgus suillus Mounds locally numerous. Porcupine Hystrix africaaustralis Sign frequent, including quills, diggings, unearthed roots, and a burrow at Hantam. Cape Hare Lepus capensis Karoo 2009. 2012 De Hoop (CC). 2011 De Hoop. Scrub Hare Lepus saxatilis Hantam and ? 2009. Smith’s Red Rock Rabbit Pronolagus rupestris Gannaga Lodge (CC), 2009. Rock Hyrax Procavia capensis Scattered records, e.g. Papkuilsfontein, Nieuwoudtville wild flower reserve, and De Hoop. Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra Several in Postberg and De Hoop. Red Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus West Coast NP, 2009, where translocated. Bontebok Damaliscus dorcas dorcas Postberg and De Hoop, Also Cape Point Widely translocated within the species’ natural range. Common Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia 1 near Veldriff 2011, 1 near Langebaan 2012. Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis Postberg and Tanqua Karoo. Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus 3 near Calvinia, 2009. Steenbok Raphicerus campestris Near Langebaan, and Nieuwoudtville. Grey Rhebok Pelea capreolus De Hoop. Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepticeros 1 at Postberg, where not native, 2009 and 2011. Eland Taurotragus oryx 1 West Coast NP, c.200 at De Hoop. Translocated populations. Caracal Felis caracal 1 seen superbly well at West Coast NP by PGC before the start of the tour, 2009. 2011 2 in West Coast NP. African Wild Cat Felis lybica At least one, but probably two animals in the Tanqua Karoo, 2009. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 77

Bat-eared Fox Otocyon megalotis 3 at Nieuwoudtville, and 2 in the Tanqua Karoo 2009. 2011 Postberg. Cape Clawless Otter Aonyx capensis 2 seen superbly, and watched for a considerable time, at De Hoop in 2011. Striped Polecat Ictonyx striatus Several road casualties seen 2009 and 2011. Suricate (Meerkat) Suricata suricatta 2011 a colony near Klawer. 2012 at Hantam, a surprising record! Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata 3 at De Hoop. Egyptian Mongoose Herpestes ichneumon 1 near Honeywood Farm, 2009. Small Grey Mongoose Galerella pulverulenta Scattered records. Chacma Baboon Papio cynocephalus ursinus Nieuwoudtville area, De Hoop. Remarkably not seen at Cape Point this year. Vervet Monkey Cercopithecus aethiops A troop at Grootvadersbosch, 2009, was a remarkably south-westerly record. Aardvark Orycteropus afer Much sign such as burrows, and diggings into termite nests. Cape Fur Seal Arctocepahlus pusillus Singles at Boulders and Hermanus 2009, and Boulders 2011. Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Perhaps 30 to 40 at De Hoop 2012, and a few at Hermanus (2009). c.60 at De Hoop 2011. Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae 2 from Cape Point 2009, was a good record. Also seen there 2011.

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Systematic List Number 4 Amphibians and Reptiles

Angulate Tortoise Chersina angulata Cape Point, West Coast NP, Worcester etc. Leopard Tortoise Stigmochelys (Geochelone) A large individual at De Hoop 2009. pardalis 2012 Worcester botanic garden. Parrot-beaked Tortoise Homopus areolatus 2011 Rooisand. 2012 Ceres (MP and VP). Cape Dwarf Chameleon Bradypodion pumilum In Callan’s garden before the group arrived, 2009. Southern Rock Agama Agama atra Cape Point 2009. 2012 Ceres. Namaqua Sand Lizard Pedioplanis namaquensis Tanqua Karoo 2011. Black Girdled Lizard Cordylus cordylus niger Cape Point 2009. Karoo Girdled Lizard Cordylus polyzonus Postberg 2011 and 2012. Cape Skink Mabuya capensis Seeberg 2012. Red-sided Skink Mabuya homalocephala Cedarberg lunch site. Western Rock Skink Mabuya sulcata Quiver Tree Forest. Puff Adder Bitis arietans 1 at Cape Point 2009. De Hoop 2011. Tanqua Karoo 2012. Plain Rain Frog Breviceps fuscus Heard at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Sand Rain Frog Breviceps rosei Heard at West Coast NP 2009 and 2011. 2012 heard at Babiana ringens site. Cape Mountain Rain Frog Breviceps montanus Heard Cape Peninsula and Betty’s Bay 2012. Heard Kirstenbosch 2011. Cape River Frog Afrana fuscigula 1 at Kirstenbosch 2009. Heard 2011. Striped Grass Frog Ptychadena porosissima Cape Point 2009. Clicking Stream Frog Strongylopus grayii Cape Town Observatory 2009. 2012 heard Pinelands. 2011 seen in Pinelands. 2012 Rooisand. Cape Peninsula Moss Frog Arthroleptella lightfooti Heard at Kirstenbosch, also Cape Point (2009). De Villiers’s Moss Frog Arthroleptella villiersi Heard at Betty’s Bay 2012. Bronze Caco Cacosternum nanum Heard at Grootvadersbosch 2009. Micro Frog Microbatrachella capensis Heard at Rooisand 2012. Cape Sand Frog Tomopterna delalandii Heard at Langebaan 2011 and 2012.

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Systematic List Number 5 Butterflies

In 2009 carried the unwieldy standard work ‘Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa’ second edition 1994, edited by Pringle et al., with me in the field, until I discovered the excellent and much more portable ‘Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa’, by Steve Woodhall, Struik 2005. I have included foodplant (FP) details. At this time of year few butterflies were on the wing, and more or less every individual seen was identified and is listed below.

Papilionidae Papilio demodocus Citrus Swallowtail 1 at Clanwilliam Botanic Garden 2009. 2012, 2 in citrus groves near Clanwilliam, 2011 also Clanwilliam. FP: citrus, Toddalia asiatica, Calodendrum capense, Zanthoxyllum capense, Foeniculum vulgare, etc. etc.

Pieridae Pieris brassicae Large White Commonly naturalised in and around CT, where first seen in 1994. FP: crucifers Pontia helice Meadow White Locally common in Karoo and Nieuwoudtville area. Ceres also. FP: Heliophila spp. and other crucifers. agathina Common Dotted Border 2 + at Boulders 2009. 2012, Harold Porter Botanic Garden. FP: Tapinanthus oleifolius, , , Colpoon compressum etc. Colias electo African Clouded Yellow A few around Nieuwoudtville 2009. 2012, 1 at service station stop on day 3. FP: Medicago sativa, Trifolium spp., Vicia spp., Robinia pseudacacia

Lycaenidae Theclinae Leptomyrina lara Cape Black-eye A few at Quiver Tree Forest, and Gannaga 2009. 2011, south of Calvinia. FP: Cotyledon orbiculata and Kalanchoe lugardii Capys alphaeus Protea Scarlet 2011 Silvermine. 2012 Houwhoek. Both PGC. FP: Protea spp. Cigaritis namaquus Namaqua Bar Quiver Tree Forest. FP: Zygophyllum sp? Phasis thero Silver Arrowhead 2011, West Coast NP. FP: Rhus undulata and Melianthus major. Phasis clavum Namaqua Arrowhead A few at Nieuwoudtville waterfall, and Pass lunch site near Calvinia, 2009. 2012, Hantam. FP: Rhus spp. Argyraspodes argyraspis Warrior Silver-spotted Copper Cedarberg lunch site and Hantam, 2012. Poecilmitis lysander hantamsbergae Calvinia, a few, 2009. Very local endemic. This taxon is not treated in Woodhall, but Is in Pennington. Chrysoritis pyroeis Sand-dune Opal 2011 West Coast NP, and east of Veldriff. FP: Zygophyllum flexuosum and Thesium spp. Greentours Natural History Holidays www.greentours.co.uk 80

Chrysoritis chrysantas Karoo Daisy Copper Probably this species photographed by RJ at Gannaga Pass

Lycaeninae Cacyreus marshalli Geranium Bronze Kirstenbosch 2012. Citrusdal and Karoo 2011. FP: Geranium spp. and Pelargonium spp. Cacyreus dicksoni Dickson’s Geranium Bronze Hantam, Nieuwoudtville. FP: Geranium spp. and Pelargonium spp. Leptotes pirithous/brevidentatus Common Blue/Short-toothed One of these species, Quiver Tree Forest Blue 2011. Dissection necessary for positive id. Tarucus thespis Fynbos Blue Cape Point (PGC) and Nieuwoudtville waterfall 2009. 2012 Rooisand. FP: Phylica imberbis, Saxifraga spp. Lepidochrysops macgregori McGregor’s Blue 1 at Hantam 2011. Eicochrysops messapus Cupreous Blue Watsonia meadow, Grootvadersbosch to De Hoop, 2009. FP: Thesium spp. Brephidium metophis Tinktinkie Blue Tanqua Karoo 2011. FP: Exomis axyrioides. Zizula hylax Gaika Blue Cape Town Observatory 2009. 2011 Waylands. FP: Ruellia spp., Justicia spp., Oxalis corniculata etc.

Nymphalidae Danainae Danaus chrysippus African Monarch 1 at Cape Town Observatory. FP: Asclepiadaceae.

Satyrinae Tarsocera fulvina Karoo Widow Gannaga Pass 2009. FP: Grasses. Melampius huebneri Boland Brown Widespread and rather common, Waylands, Tienie Versveld etc. FP: Grasses. Pseudonympha trimenii Trimen’s Brown Hantam, and near Napier. FP: Grasses, including Merxmuellera stricta. Pseudonympha magus Silver-bottom Brown Grootvadersbosch to De Hoop 2009. FP: Grasses.

Heliconiinae Acraea horta Garden Acraea A few at Kirstenbosch. FP: Kiggelaria africana and Passiflora spp.

Nymphalinae Cynthia cardui Painted Lady Widespread in small numbers. FP: Asteraceae etc.

Hesperiidae Spialia diomus ferax Common Sandman Recorded 2011. FP: Hermannia spp. etc. Metisella metis Gold Spotted Sylph Callan’s garden, Pinelands, 2009. 2012 2 at Cape Town Observatory. FP: Grasses.

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