Colorado Gun Collectors Association 53Rd Annual Gun Show 1811 to 1840, and Was Only Passable on Foot Or by Horseback

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Colorado Gun Collectors Association 53Rd Annual Gun Show 1811 to 1840, and Was Only Passable on Foot Or by Horseback GUN SHOWS 2018 COLORADO GUN COLLECTORS Dates change and Shows are cancelled, so check before you travel Prospectors Sertoma Shows To be announced Apr. 28-29, Denver, CO Merchandise Mart Tanner Gun Show 720-514-0114 Volume 53 May 26-27, Riverton, WY Fremont County Fairgrounds Wyoming Weapons Collectors 307-742-4630 Number 4 ASSOCIATION Spokesman April 2018 May 26-27, Rifle, CO Garfield County Fairgrounds Colorado Militaria Collector 720-621-6339 Jun. 9-10, Dallas, TX Market Hall Dallas Arms Collectors 972-369-6062 THE OREGON TRAIL and the MEEK CUT-OFF Jul. 14-15, Denver, CO Merchandise Mart Tanner Gun Show 720-514-0114 The original Oregon Territory encompassed not just present-day Aug. 17-19, Montrose, CO Montrose County Fairgrounds Montrose Rod & Gun Club 970-249-9008 The Oregon Trail is a 2,170 large-wheeled wagon route that con- Oregon but also Washington and much of British Columbia. The Aug. 18-19, Denver, CO Merchandise Mart Tanner Gun Show 720-514-0114 nected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon. The eastern part United States, Great Britain, Russia and Spain all initially claimed Sep. 22-23, Denver, CO Merchandise Mart Tanner Gun Show 720-514-0114 of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and the territory. The United States based its claim to the land on the Sep. 29-30, Rifle, CO Garfield County Fairgrounds Colorado Militaria Collector 720-621-6339 nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming. explorations of Lewis and Clark and the presence of trading posts Nov. 10-11, Tulsa, OK Expo Square Tulsa Fairgrounds Wanenmacher Tulsa Arms Show 918-492-0401 The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of set up by American citizen John Jacob Astor. Spain and Russia Dec. 1-2, Denver, CO Merchandise Mart Tanner Gun Show 720-514-0114 Idaho and Oregon. would eventually drop their claims, and Great Britain and the United States would agree to border in 1846. Source Reference.com The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about Some wanted what is now British Columbia included, and pro- Colorado Gun Collectors Association 53rd Annual Gun Show 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback. By posed war to settle it, “54-40 or fight”. 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Inde- Denver, CO May 2018 pendence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, In the early 1840s American settlers began to arrive in significant Setup: Thursday May 17, 3:00 PM to 8;00 PM Friday May 18, 9:00 AM to 6:00PM Idaho. Wagon trails were cleared increasingly farther west, and numbers, traveling overland via the Oregon Trail. The trail ended Show open to the Public May 19th 9:am to 5:00 pm & 20th 9:00m to 3:00 pm eventually reached all the way to the Willamette Valley in Ore- at The Dalles. It was not possible to take wagons farther west due gon, at which point what came to be called the Oregon Trail was to steep cliffs that fell straight into the Columbia River. Until the Show Chairman: Dave Weddle, 720-482-0167 complete. construction of the Barlow Road in 1846, the only way to reach Fort Vancouver and the Willamette Valley was by rafting down By 1842, many emigrants favored oxen—castrated bulls (males) the river from The Dalles. The name of the city comes from the Buying Guns online? Buying Guns online? generally over four years old—as the best animal to pull wagons, French word dalle (meaning either "sluice" akin to English "dale" $30 transfer Fee for CGCA Members $30 transfer Fee for CGCA Members because they were docile, generally healthy, and able to continue and German T[h]al, "valley") or "flagstone" and referring to the moving in difficult conditions such as mud and snow. Oxen could columnar basalt rocks carved by the river, in voyageur French Call Dave 970 484 4200 Call Don 303-877-4831 also survive on prairie grasses and sage, unlike horses, who had to used to refer to rapids), which was used by the French-Canadian be fed. Moreover, oxen were less expensive to purchase and main- employees of the North West Company to refer to the rapids of CGCA Henry Rifles are still available send a $600 check To: tain than horses. Oxen also could stand idle for long periods with- the Columbia River between the present-day city and Celilo Falls. CGCA Henry Rifle New Members out suffering damage to the feet and legs. "off" ox. While no reins, Also, in the same area was the Petite Dalles or Little Dalles, or 8075 S. Harrison Way bits, or halters were needed, the trainer had to be forceful. Oxen Short Narrows. Centennial, CO 80122 Ervin F. Farrell Arvada, CO typically traveled at a steady pace up to two miles an hour. Jean E. Rich Carlsbad, CA MEEK CUT-OFF Mules were used by some emigrants. The competing merits of Mountaineer Stephen B. Meek was born on Independence Day, oxen and mules were hotly debated among emigrants. Some found 1805, in Washington County, in southwestern Virginia. This was oxen to be more durable. Others, by contrast, believed that mules the same county of origin of two of Meek’s contemporaries -- were more durable, and mules may have had a lower attrition rate both our Absalom Smith (1805) and James Smith (1802) ances- Colorado Gun Collectors on the trail than oxen. Like oxen, mules could survive on prairie tors, the fathers of James and George “Washington” Smith, re- grasses. Mules were, however, notoriously ill-tempered. Mules spectively. Meek was an “independent” cuss, who wrote in his also cost about three times as much as oxen, a deciding factor for autobiography that when he was twenty years of age he recalled President many emigrants. becoming: “imbued with that restless spirit of adventure that has Darin Carwin In Memorium since been a marked characteristic of my life, and left my home 6020 Garland St. Oregon Country for the then comparatively unknown West.” This same “restless Arvada, CO 80004 John G. Kastner 1925-2018 In 1843, settlers of the Willamette Valley drafted the Organic spirit of adventure” -- which was perhaps responsible for the phe- 303-940-8630 Laws of Oregon organizing land claims within the Oregon Coun- nomenon of the entire Oregon Trail migration -- appeared to have guided every aspect of Meeks’s early life, which in turn greatly Stephen W. Pahs 1929-2018 try. Married couples were granted at no cost (except for the re- influenced the discovery and development of several of these vari- Gun Show Chairman quirement to work and improve the land) up to 640 acres (a sec- tion or square mile), and unmarried settlers could claim 320 acres ous early western wagon roads. Dave Weddle As the group was a provisional government with no authority, P.O. Box C these claims were not valid under United States or British law, but Stephen Meek and his more celebrated younger brother, Joe Fort Collins, CO 80522 Monthly Meeting Schedule they were eventually honored by the United States in the Donation Meek, had spent the decade of the 1830s in the western fur trade. 720-482-0167 Monthly Meetings are on the 3rd Tuesday of each month, except for the Land Act of 1850. In 1833 they accompanied Joseph Walker on an expedition that [email protected] December meeting. In December we have Christmas Dinner on the first resulted in locating what would become a major branch of the Saturday. Meetings start promptly at 7:00 P.M. They are held in the American The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory Oregon Trail known as the California Trail. Intending to explore Secretary/Treasurer Newsletter Editor Legion Hall at I-25 and Yale Ave., Exit #202 from I-25, East on Yale and take of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until Feb- the Great Salt Lake, they had gone too far West, and ended up Bill Pittman the 1st right. ruary 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was exploring down the Humboldt River to California, over a country 8075 S. Harrison Way admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Source Wikipedia then entirely unknown to trappers, across the Sierras and into Cal- Littleton, CO 80122 April 17, 2018 September 18, 2018 February 19, 2019 303-773-0238 May 15, 2018 October 16, 2018 March 19, 2019 April Program VOLUNTEERS NEEDED Gun Show Staff: [email protected] June 19, 2018 November 20, 2018 April 16, 2019 Bob Moulder Thursday May 17th to Sunday May 20th. July 17, 2018 December 1, 2018 May 21, 2019 Confederate Small Arms Doors, Security, etc. August 21, 2018 January 15, 2019 June 18, 2019 Call Joe Leiper 303-507-4012 4 ifornia’s Yosemite Valley. Retracing their route, they met Capt. The Riggs company was entirely unfamiliar with this “man FIELD: Tues., Aug. 26 (Day 2)--Went about 10 miles, still keep- the old one, does not intend to fall down to the Columbia via the Benjamin Bonneville in the fall of 1834, and accompanied him named Meek” who had passed by them only one week earlier ing up Malheur, crossing and re-crossing it twice, and camping John Day river at all as he told them on leaving Fort Boise, for we trapping the Snake River and all its tributaries to Walla Walla; without recognition. Meek did not approach every company com- upon it.
Recommended publications
  • Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)
    i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |".
    [Show full text]
  • House Concurrent Resolution 202 Introduced and Printed Pursuant to House Rule 12.00
    80th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY--2020 Regular Session House Concurrent Resolution 202 Introduced and printed pursuant to House Rule 12.00. Presession filed (at the request of House Interim Committee on Rules for Representative Anna Williams) SUMMARY The following summary is not prepared by the sponsors of the measure and is not a part of the body thereof subject to consideration by the Legislative Assembly. It is an editor’s brief statement of the essential features of the measure as introduced. Commemorates centennial of town of Rhododendron. 1 CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 2 Whereas in 1846 Sam Barlow established the Barlow Road along modern-day United States 3 Route 26 as an overland alternative to the treacherous Columbia River portion of the Oregon Trail; 4 and 5 Whereas weary travelers along the Barlow Road once stopped at a wide spot in the road at the 6 western foot of Mount Hood to gather strength for the last stretch of their trip to the Willamette 7 Valley; and 8 Whereas in 1905, former Portland Mayor Henry S. Rowe directed the construction of and oper- 9 ated an inn on his parcel of land at that wide spot in the road, naming it the Rhododendron Inn due 10 to the large number of rhododendrons growing in the area; and 11 Whereas the community of Rhododendron developed around the inn as a summer resort colony 12 for travelers wishing to enjoy the mountain and forest scenery, as well as to ski and engage in other 13 recreational activities; and 14 Whereas on January 26, 1920, a United States post office was dedicated for the area, formally
    [Show full text]
  • Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail
    Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Merrill J Mattes, “Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail,” Nebraska History 36 (1955): 1-26 Article Summary: Travelers’ many journal references and sketches show the significance of Chimney Rock. No other landmark was more memorable or excited the viewers’ imagination more. Note: a complete list of travelers’ references to major Oregon Trail landmarks 1830-1866 and a Chimney Rock bibliography follow the article. Cataloging Information: Names: Thomas Fitzpatrick, [Benjamin Eulalie de] Bonneville, Brigham Young Rivers Mentioned: Sweetwater, North Platte, Platte, Missouri Keywords: Chimney Rock, Smith-Jackson-Sublette Expedition, Bidwell Expedition, South Pass, gold rush, Union Pacific Railroad, Central Pacific Railroad, Oregon Trail, California Trail, Pony Express Photographs / Images: Father Nicholas Point, 1841; Charles Preuss, 1842; J Quinn Thornton, 1846; A J Lindsay, 1849; J Goldsborough Bruff, 1849; Franklin Street, 1850; W Wadsworth,
    [Show full text]
  • Longley Meadows Fish Habitat Enhancement Project Heritage Resources Specialist Report
    Longley Meadows Fish Habitat Enhancement Project Heritage Resources Specialist Report Prepared By: Reed McDonald Snake River Area Office Archaeologist Bureau of Reclamation June 20, 2019 Heritage Resources Introduction This section discusses the existing conditions and effects of implementation of the Longley Meadows project on cultural resources, also known as heritage resources, which are integral facets of the human environment. The term “cultural resources” encompasses a variety of resource types, including archaeological, historic, ethnographic and traditional sites or places. These sites or places are non- renewable vestiges of our Nation’s heritage, highly valued by Tribes and the public as irreplaceable, many of which are worthy of protection and preservation. Related cultural resource reports and analyses can be found in the Longley Meadows Analysis File. Affected Environment Pre-Contact History The Longley Meadows area of potential effect (APE) for cultural resources lies within the Plateau culture area, which extends from the Cascades to the Rockies, and from the Columbia River into southern Canada (Ames et al. 1998). Most of the archaeological work in the Columbia Plateau has been conducted along the Columbia and Snake Rivers. This section discusses the broad culture history in the Southern Plateau. Much variability exists in the Plateau culture area due to the mountainous terrain and various climatic zones within it. Plateau peoples adapted to these differing ecoregions largely by practicing transhumance, whereby groups followed
    [Show full text]
  • Road to Oregon Written by Dr
    The Road to Oregon Written by Dr. Jim Tompkins, a prominent local historian and the descendant of Oregon Trail immigrants, The Road to Oregon is a good primer on the history of the Oregon Trail. Unit I. The Pioneers: 1800-1840 Who Explored the Oregon Trail? The emigrants of the 1840s were not the first to travel the Oregon Trail. The colorful history of our country makes heroes out of the explorers, mountain men, soldiers, and scientists who opened up the West. In 1540 the Spanish explorer Coronado ventured as far north as present-day Kansas, but the inland routes across the plains remained the sole domain of Native Americans until 1804, when Lewis and Clark skirted the edges on their epic journey of discovery to the Pacific Northwest and Zeb Pike explored the "Great American Desert," as the Great Plains were then known. The Lewis and Clark Expedition had a direct influence on the economy of the West even before the explorers had returned to St. Louis. Private John Colter left the expedition on the way home in 1806 to take up the fur trade business. For the next 20 years the likes of Manuel Lisa, Auguste and Pierre Choteau, William Ashley, James Bridger, Kit Carson, Tom Fitzgerald, and William Sublette roamed the West. These part romantic adventurers, part self-made entrepreneurs, part hermits were called mountain men. By 1829, Jedediah Smith knew more about the West than any other person alive. The Americans became involved in the fur trade in 1810 when John Jacob Astor, at the insistence of his friend Thomas Jefferson, founded the Pacific Fur Company in New York.
    [Show full text]
  • HIGH DESERT VOICES February 2017
    HIGH DESERT VOICES February 2017 News and Information published by and for Volunteers Oregon’s Gold Rush by Ralph Berry, Newsletter Writer The California gold rush began in late 1848 when James Mar- shall found gold at Sutter’s Mill in the American River near Co- loma, California. Thousands of prospective gold miners traveled to California from all over the world in search of their fortune. Many of these early prospectors were from Oregon. A total of $2 billion worth of gold was extracted from California mines during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852. After gold prospecting began to de- cline in California, miners started exploring other regions in the West. Jacksonville - Gold was discovered in Oregon in Jackson County in December 1851 or early January of 1852 by James Clug- gage and John Poole on Rich Gulch in Jackson Creek and Daisy Placer mining. File photo Creek, two small tributaries of the Rouge River. Soon after gold was discovered, several mining districts were formed, which included both forks of Jackson Creek and its tributaries of the Rouge River. One of the richest districts was the Apple- gate Creek area. The gold was found mainly in the gravel “bars” of the creek, which for a distance of four miles was very rich. Most of the gold in the Jacksonville area was removed by placer miners working gravel diggings, some of which were twenty feet thick. The annual value of gold in Jackson County averaged about $210,000. Some very rich quartz ledges were also discovered in the county and lode mines were established.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME ED 369 430 JC 940 241 National Tech Prep
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 369 430 JC 940 241 'TITLE National Tech Prep Demonstration Center Annual Performance Report. ,INSTITUTION Mount Hood Community Coll., Gresham, Oreg. PUB DATE 8 Mar 94 NOTE 82p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Articulation (Education); *College School Cooperation; *Community Colleges; Community Information Services; Consortia; *Demonstration Centers; *Education Work Relationship; High Schools; Information Dissemination; Information Services; Professional Development; Self Evaluation (Groups); Technical Assistance; Teleconferencing; Two Year Colleges IDENTIFIERS *Mount Hood Comm Coll National Tech Prep Demo Ctr; *Tech Prep ABSTRACT This annual performance report for the Mt. Hood Community College (MHCC) National Tech Prep Demonstration Center (TPDC), in Gresham, Oregon, reflects TPDC's accomplishments and activities during the period of January 1, 1993 through February 28, 1994. The major purpose of the TPDC's grant is to disseminate information about Tech Prep to high schools in the form of course guidelines, sample articulation agreements, counseling materials, marketing guidelines, applied mathematics and communications packets, and conference materials. TPDC's 1993-94 accomplishments included the following: (1) increasing articulation agreements from 65 in 1992 to 78, covering 17 different professional-technical areas taught at MHCC and all 6 of the high school certificate of Advanced Mastery (CAM) areas;(2) providing teleconferences and workshops for Tech Prep and Applied Academics; (3) exceeding the expected number of campus visits, including a group of 70 high school and community college administrators and instructors from Eastern Washington; (4) integrating applied academics into the 6 CAM's prescribed by the state; and (5) increasing staff development through participating in conventions and providing teleconferences and workshops.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon School Directory 2018-19
    Oregon School Directory 2018-19 Colt Gill Director OREGON DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 255 Capitol St NE Salem, Oregon 97310 www.oregon.gov/ODE It is a policy of the State Board of Education and a priority of the Oregon Department of Education that there will be no discrimination or harassment on the grounds of race, color, sex, marital status, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, or disability in any educational programs, activities or employment. Persons having questions about equal opportunity and nondiscrimination should contact the Director at the Oregon Department of Education/255 Capitol St NE Salem, OR 97310/Phone: 503-947-5740/Fax: 503-378-4772 This directory is produced at least annually by the Communications office. Revisions to the directory are solicited in May of each year, which allows time for the directory to be compiled and posted on the web by early Fall. The directory can be accessed on our website, www.oregon.gov/ODE. MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR Oregon has 197 school districts and more than 1,200 public and charter schools. As we work to streamline education and improve the opportunities and outcomes for our students, building strong connections between schools, districts and the broader community will be vital. The Oregon School Directory is a tool that I hope our state will find helpful in making those contacts and building those important connections. The Online Oregon School Directory is a compilation of phone numbers, addresses, emails, and key staff people in all public schools and districts in the state, along with additional information about private schools, Oregon Department of Education (ODE) staff contacts, and other educational institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Malheur National Wildlife Refuge Greater Sandhill Crane Terry Steele lthough the birds bring me Ato Malheur, I am also drawn by the place itself, the crisp scent of sage on the air, the crack of a late summer lightning bolt, the golden beauty of slanting sun on rimrock. I have been delighted by chance encounters with a family of coyotes, a badger, a porcupine, and a scorpion. The birds are just one part of the magic. One of my most vivid experiences at Malheur came after a long day of birding, as I contentedly made my way home into the setting sun. I spied a couple of short-eared owls some distance from the car. I stopped to watch. One owl left the group and glided silently in front of me, turning its head and fixing me with a steady gaze. That’s Malheur for you. Even when you think you’ve seen it all, there is always one more surprise waiting around the bend. Noah Strycker; Writer and Photographer Steens Mountain overlooking Benson Pond Doug Dill USFWS Volunteer Refuge Map Introduction One of the crown jewels of the A Protected OasisOne in of the crown jewels of the Oregon’s High DesertNational WildlifeNational Refuge Wildlife System, Refuge System, Malheur NationalMalheur Wildlife National Refuge Wildlife Refuge protectsprotects a vast a vast complex complex of of habitats in wetlandsOregon’s in Oregon’s high desert. high The Refuge is OREGON desert. The refuge is famousfamous for forits tremendousits tremendous diversity diversityand spectacular and spectacular concentrations of concentrationswildlife.
    [Show full text]
  • DCDA-November-2013-W
    Dayton Community News November 2013 The DCDA is fortunate to be a part of the Oregon Main Street Program. This program is our partner in the quest to revitalize downtown Dayton and create a destination we can all be proud of. Oregon Main Street works with communities to develop comprehensive, incremental revitalization strategies based on a community’s unique assets, character, and heritage. Services are based on the Why Downtown is Important! successful Main Street Approach® developed rooted. by the National Trust for Historic Preservation Here are ten good reasons why downtown and include training and technical Dayton Community Development revitalization makes sense: assistance. The goal is to build high quality, Association 1. Historic core of community. livable, and sustainable communities that will Kelly Haverkate, 2. Includes unique shopping and service grow Oregon’s economy while maintaining a Program Coordinator activities. sense of place. DCDA Board of Directors 3. Represents vast amount of public and The Main Street Approach is a proven President: Wendy Bennett private investment. comprehensive approach to commercial VP: Mary Ann Stoller 4. Provides a sense of community and historic district revitalization. This approach Secretary: Jim Seufert Judy Gerrard place. has been implemented in more than 2,200 Carol Hesseling 5. Reflection of how the community views cities and towns. The Main Street Trini Marquez itself and is a critical factor in business Approach® is based on a comprehensive, Paulette Gardner retention and recruitment efforts. four point strategy: Richard Thompson 6. Most of the downtown businesses Organization, Promotion , Email: [email protected] are locally owned. Design , Economic Restructuring http://www.daytonoregon.org 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Barlow Road Toll Collection Authorization by Samuel K
    Barlow Road Toll Collection Authorization By Samuel K. Barlow This note, signed by Samuel K. Barlow, authorized Philip Foster to collect tolls from emigrants using the Barlow Road to cross the Cascades on their way to the Willamette Valley. The history of the Barlow Road began in the mid-1840s when large wagon trains of American emigrants were making their way to Oregon from the Midwest. In the fall of 1845, hundreds of emigrants finally reached The Dalles, where they faced a logistical crisis. Only a limited number of boats were available to ferry the overlanders down the Columbia, and local food stores were dangerously low. Faced with this grim situation, several families elected to try crossing the Cascade Range rather than wait indefinitely at The Dalles for passage to Fort Vancouver. Headed by Sam Barlow and William Rector, these families set out along the Deschutes River in late September 1845. They were later joined by a second party led by Joel Palmer. Their objective was to find a southern route around Mt. Hood. While earlier Native and non-Native travelers had crossed the Cascades, none had driven wagons over the mountain range. The emigrants’ attempt proved quite harrowing, but ultimately successful. After caching their wagons and extra supplies five miles south of Barlow Pass, the emigrants made their way on foot and on horseback down the western slope of Mt. Hood. They finally arrived in small parties at Philip Foster’s farm at Eagle Creek—present-day Clackamas County—in late December 1845. The emigrants made their way to Oregon City, subsequently returning to bring their wagons and remaining goods down Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATY with the WALLAWALLA, CAYUSE, ETC., 1855. June 9, 1855
    TREATY WITH THE WALLAWALLA, CAYUSE, ETC., 1855. June 9, 1855. | 12 Stats., 945. | Ratified Mar. 8, 1859. | Proclaimed Apr. 11, 1859. Articles of agreement and convention made and concluded at the treaty-ground, Camp Stevens, in the Wall-Walla Valley, this ninth day of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, by and between Isaac I. Stevens, governor and superintendent of Indian affairs for the Territory of Washington, and Joel Palmer, superintendent of Indian affairs for Oregon Territory, on the part of the United States, and the undersigned chiefs, head-men, and delegates of the Walla-Wallas, Cayuses, and Umatilla tribes, and bands of Indians, occupying lands partly in Washington and partly in Oregon Territories, and who, for the purposes of this treaty, are to be regarded as one nation acting for and in behalf of their respective bands and tribes, they being duly authorized thereto; it being understood that Superintendent I. I. Stevens assumes to treat with that portion of the above-named bands and tribes residing within the Territory of Washington, and Superintendent Palmer with those residing within Oregon. ARTICLE 1. The above-named confederated bands of Indians cede to the United States all their right, title, and claim to all and every part of the country claimed by them included in the following boundaries, to wit: Commencing at the mouth of the Tocannon River, in Washington Territory, running thence up said river to its source; thence easterly along the summit of the Blue Mountains, and on the southern boundaries
    [Show full text]