UBITBD DATIons Press Ser-lTices Cfiice of Public Inf'orma:tion United !$a:ticns" fi.Y.

Press Release GA/31C)O 1 September 1966

GlSUBit.;,.·... L PROVISIOHAL

TVENTY-FIRST RE GUL;'R SESSION

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(Fœ USB OF DFomt":.TIOll IiIDIA -- 1fO.I! AN OFFICIAL lSCORD) ... i1 .. Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

CONTENTS 24. Report of Year• ., • Page 25. Installati Introduction •• ., •••••• ., $ •• • ., •••• • ••••••• ., 1 Secretary- 26. Non-pro1if Twent~-first Re~~~~~~ion Items on the Provis±onal Agenda of the of the Eie Et the General Assembly 27. Question a Conference 1. Opening of the session by the Chairman or the delegation of Italy ••• ., •••••••••••••••• • •• ., ., •• ., • 2 28. Urgent nee 2~ report of Minute of ailent prayer or meditation •••• • •• ., •••• ., 2 Disermamen 3. Credentials of representatives to the twenty-t'irst session of 29. Question 0 the General Assembly ••••• • ••••• Il • Il ••••••• 2 a conventi 4. Election of the President •• ., ., li ••• ., •••• • ., •• ., • 2 thermonuc1 Eighteen-N 5. Constitution of the ~~in Committees and election of officers•• .3 30., Internatio 6. Election of Vice-Presidents ••••••••••• e a • • • • • :; report of 7· Notifica.tion by the Secretary-General under Article 12, 31.. The KOl"ean paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations •••• t:l •• 4 for the Un 8. Adoption of the agenda. •••••••••• co •• li ••• • •• 4 ,32. Report of .

9. Genera.l debate •• li ••••••••• li •• fi • li •••••• 4 and vlo:rks . 10. Report of the Secretary-General on thevtork of the Organization 5 33. Comprehens operations 11. Report of the Security Couneil ••• .. Cl •••• ., ••• li •• 5 on Peace-k, 12. Report of the Economie and Social Council ••••••••••• 5 34. The polici,

13. Report of the Trusteeship Couneil li ••••••••• li • • li • 6 South Afri, apartheid..... 1 J.4. Report of the International Atomic Energy Agency•••• Il Il •• 8 35. Effects of 15. Election of :t'ive non-permanent members of the Security Couneil. 10 Scientific e • 16. Election of nine members of the Economie and Social Council Il 36. Peaceful SI 1.7. Election of five members of the International Court of Justice. 12 37 • United Nat: 18. Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Hxdted Nations., •• 1; the Trade E 1.9. Election of the members of the International Law Commission • ., 1; 38. Establishml report of . 20. Acùnission of new Members ta the United Nationst' •••••••• 14 Fund •• 21. United Nations Emergency Force: • • •••••••••••••• 15 39. United Nat: (a.) Repo:rt on the Force; General • (b) Cost estimates for the maintenance of the Force .. 40. Accelerate( developing 22. Co ... operation between the United. Na.tionsand the Organization of ~l. African Unity: l'eport of the Secretary-General •••••• .. • 16 Activities 23. Implementa.tion of the Declaration on the Granting of (a) Repori Independence ta Colonial Countries and Peop1es: report of the " (b) Repor1 Special Cpmmittee on the Situation vtith regard to the Imple=.. Organj mentatictll of the Declaration on the Granting of Independenèe ~ .~ ..l~" Pt 1 0 ,. j f" <1 U 'l t'j'" ., 1-0>" ,. (c) Confü ) - iii - Press Release GA/3l90 l September 1966

24. Report of the Committee for the International Co-operation Year. .. ••••••• .. "• .. "•••••••• .. •••••••"• 23 25. Installation of mechanical means of voting: report of the Secretary-General • .. ••"•• .. ••••• •• fi • If • 0 • • • •" 23 26. Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons: report of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament "•"•••• " "• 24 27. Question of general and complete disarmament: report of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament. "" .. " 25 28. Urgent need for suspension of nuclear and thermonuclear tests: report of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament •"" .. ••• .. .. ••••" .. • e ""••"•"•••• 26 29. Question of convening a conference for the purpose of signing a convention on the prohibition of the use of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons: report of the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarma1l1ent. •••• " • .. •••••• 27 International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space: report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space •"• 0 28 31 .. The Korean question: report of the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea • .. " .. .. "" .. •• 31 Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief :J.nd Horks Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.. "" ..... 32 33. Comprehensive review of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects: report or the Special Committee on Peace~keeping Operations " .. .. ""•• .. .. ••••"••• .. c • 33 .34. The policies of apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa: report" of the Special Committee on the Policies of apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa " .. •" 35 35. Effects of atomic radiation: report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation " .. "••" 37

36. Peaceful settlement of di~putes 8 ""•• " "••"•••"•••• 38 37. United Nations Conference on Trade and ~evelo~ment: report of the Trade and Develo~ent Board •"••••"••••••• .. " • .39 38. Establishment of a United Nations capital development fund: report of the Committee on a United Nations Capital Development Fund ••••" .. "•••••••" • • • • • ••• • • • • • •"• 41 United Nations Development Decade: report of the Secretary- General ••"•""• .. ••• • •• •• • •• .. ••••• c • "•• 43 40. Accelerated flow of capital and technical assistance to the developing countries: report of the Secretary-General •• "" •• 44 41. Activities in the field of industrial de"Velopment: "...... 46 (a) Report. of the Committee for Industrial Development; (b) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on thf~ United Na.tions Organizatiou for Industrial DevelopmE~nt; (c) Confi~mation of the a,ppointment of the t'~xp~utive; Dtrect(iT - iv - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

Page 42. Regional development •••• .. "••"•••••••••••• •• 48 60. Elimine 4,. Inflation and economic development: report of the (a) Dl Secretary-General. • • ••••"••••• " ••••••••••• 48 RE 44. Decencralization of the economic and social activities of the (b) Dl United Nations ••"••••••"• .,, ••••••• •• •• • • Fe Conversion to peaceful needs of the resources released by 61. Freedon disarmament: report of the Secretary-General. •••••••• •• 50 (a) Dr 46 .. Permanent sovereignty over natural resources • e •" o • e •• • • 50 (b) Dr 47. Population growth and economic development ••••• • •••• •• 51 62. Creatio 48. World campaign for universal literacy. .. •••••• • • • • • •• 52 Human R 49. United Nations Institute for Training and Research: report of 6;. Draft I. the Executive Director of the Institute •••••• •• •• • • • 64. Interna' 50. Operational activities for development (a) Prl (a) Activities of the United Nations Development Programme. """ 55 COl (b) Activities undertaken by the Secretary-General •• ""•" 56 (b) Re] 51. Programme of studies on multilateral food aid: report of the COl Gecretary-General •••••••••••"•••••••••••• 56 65. Informa1 Article 52. Review and reappraisal of the role and functions of the Economie and Social Council: report of the Secretary-General •• ," •••• 57 (a) Rel General review of the programmes and activities in the economic, (b) Rel social, technical co-operation and related fields of the United re~ Nations, the specialized agencies, the International Atomic Grs Energy Agency, the United Nations Children 1 s Fund and all other 66. QuestiorJ institutions and agencies related to the United Nations system •• 59 on the S 54. International Tourist Year •••••••••••••••••••• 60 Declarat and PeoJt 55. vTorld social situation ••• • • • •• • •• • • • • • • • • •• • 60 . 67. Special 56. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ••• 6; Africa: 57. Draft Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against 68. Question vTomen '" • ~ ••• .. ••••••••••••••••••••••• 64 report 0 58. Elimination of all forms of racial discrimination: the Impl Independ (a) Measures to implement the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ~ ••••• 65 69. Special' e.dminist: (b) St3.tus of the International Convention on the 21imination of aIl Forms of Racial Discrimination: report of +Ohe 70. Question a •• .. •••••• Secretary-General •• " .' G • • • Situati01 on the G: 59. Manifestations of racial prejudice and national ~ :ious intolerance •••••••••••• .. ••• • • • •• • •• 68 71. Question (a) Repc reg~ Gra! (b) Repc - v - Press Release Gà/3190 L90 l September 1966

?age 48 60. Blimination of all forms of religious intolerance: (a) DraftDeclaration on the Elimination of AIl Forms of 48 Religious Intolerance ••• • •••••••••• • • • • ••• 68 (b) Draft International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Religious Intolerance. •••••••••••••••• 69 61. Freedom of information: •••••••••••••••••••••• 70 50 (a) Draft Convention on Freedom of Information; 50 (b) Draft Declaration on Freedom of Information. 51 62. Creation of the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 71 52 63. Draft International Covenants on Hillnan Rights • 0 ••••••••• 72

64. International Year for Human Rights: ••••••• • •• •• 0 ••• 73 (a) Programme of measures and activities to be undertaken in connexion with the International Year for Ruman Rights; 55 (b) Report of the Preparatory Committee for the International 56 Conference on Ruman Rights. Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories transmitted under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations •••••••••• 74 (a) Report of the Secretary-General 57 (b) Report of the Special Committee on the Situation vith regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independance to Colonial Countries and Feoples 66. Question of South West ~lfrica: report of the Special Committee 59 on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the 60 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Coun,tries and Peoples '" ••••••••••••••••• .. ••••••• 75 60 67. Special educational and training programmes for South West 63 Africa: report of the Secretary-General •• D ••••••••••• 77 68. Question of Territories under Portuguese administration: 64 report of the Special Conunittee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples ••••••••••• 79 65 Special training programme for Territories under portuguese administration: report of the Secretary-General •••••••••• 81 70. Question of Fiji: report of the Special Committee on the 67 SituatiOl.1 with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. .82 68 71. Question of Oœen:. ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 83 (a) Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoplesj

(b) Rep0rt of thE' ~(~,..r,'"'Itt:'l1"'r-ni~'1~~"",",l 0 ~-----"'-"--""'-"IQIJIII''Il1IIllII_---'''''' '''..d RII "." ' _--- .... - vi - Press Release GA/3l90 l September 1966

72. Ofrers by Member States of study and training facilities for inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories: report of the 8,3. Repor Secretary-General • •••••••••••• '. ••• • •• • •••• 84 84. Unitel 73. Financial reports and accounts for the financial year ended Secre~ 31 December 1965 and reports of the Board of Auditors: 85. Repor1 (a) United Nations •••••••••••• • ••••••••••• 85 its SE (b) United Nations Childrents Fund •••••••••••••••• 86 86. Draft (c) United Nations Relief and ~orks Agencies for Palestine 87. Techn:i Refugees in the Near East • •••••• .. ••• • •••••• i6 and vn (d) Voluntary funds administered by the United Nations Secret High Commissioner for Refugees ••••••••• • •••••• 87 88. Consiël 71~. relati Supplementary estimates for the financial year 1966 •••••••• 87 Charte 75. Budget estimates for the financial year 1967. ••••••••• 88 (a) R 76. Pattern of conferences: report of the Secretary-General•••••• 89 l 77. Appointments to fill vacancies in the membership of subsidiary C bodies of the General Assembly: (b) R (a) Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions • 90 89. Progre: (b) Committee on Contributions •••••••••••••••••• 91 90. Conclu: govern: (c) Board of Auditors •••••••••••••••••••• •• 91 of the (d) United Nations Admin:i.strative Tribunal •••••••••••• 92 Scale of assessments for the apportionnlent of the expenses of the United Nations: report of the Committee on Contributions •• • • 92 79. Audit reports relating to expenditure by specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency: ••••••••••• • 93 (a) Earmarkings and contingency authorizations from the Special Account of the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance; (b) Allocations and e.llotments from °bhe Special Fund 80. Administrative and budgetary co-ordination of the United Nations with the specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency: . • 94 (a) Report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions; (b) Report of the Secretary-General. 81. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of ~xperts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies •••••• • 82. Personnel questions: (a) Composition of the Secretariat: report of the Secretary..General •••••••••••••••••• .. ••• 96 (b) Other personnel questions •••••••••••• •••••• 97 0 /319 ... vii - Press Release GA~/;190 1 September 1966

Pa~e - Page 83. Report of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board ••••••• 97 . 84 84. United Nations International School: report of the Secretary-General ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 97 Reports of the International Law Commission on the second part of 85 its seventeenth session and on its eigbteenth session ••••••• 98 · 86 86. Draft Declaration on the Right of Asylum •••••••••••••• 99 87. Technical assistance to promote the teacLing, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of international law: report of 'l :le • i6 Secretary-General •••••••••••••••••••••••••100 88. Consideration of principles of international law concerning friendly • 87 relations and co-operation among States in accordance with the • 87 Charter of the United Nations: 88 (a) Report of the 1966 Special Committee on Princ~ples of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and • 89 Co-operation among States •••••••••••••••••••101 (b) Report of the 3ecretary-General on methods of fact-finding • .10; Progressive development of the law of interna"cional trade " •• .. .104 1 • 90 • 91 Conclusion of an international agreement on legal principles governing the activities of States in the exploration and conquest • 91 of the moon and other celestial bodies •••••••••••••••105 ,• 92

1 • 92

• 93

1 • 94

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·• 96 •• 97 -1- Press Release GA/3190 1 SepteIl'Jber 1966

INTRODUCTION 1.

The General Assembly will begin its twenty-first regular session at of th 3 p.m. on Tuesday, 20 September 1966, at United Nations Headquarters. elect Up to 29 August, the Assembly had been asked to consider 90 items. In 1965, there were 108 items on the agenda as approved. 2. The pro\~siona1 agenda (Aj6350), issued on 22 July, lists recU1'ring questions -- such as annual reports of the Secretary-General and the Councils meeti -- as vell as items ordered for inclusion by the Assembly at previous sessions, praye an item proposed by a principal organ, and an item proposed by a Member State. Rule 12 of the Assembly's rules of procedure requires the provisicnal agenda to be communicated to Members at least 60 days before the opening of the session. of th Under rule 14, any Member, 01' principal organ of the United Nations, or repre the Secretary-Genera"t may request, a-t least 30 days bef'ore the opening of the the e regular session, inclusion of suppl~mentary items in the agenda. 4. Rule 15 a110Vls inclusion of additional items "of an important and urgent character" proposed less than 30 days before a. regular session, or during a session, prov"Î.ded the Assembly so decides by a majority of liembers present and voting. Up -ta 29 August, no requests had been received for the inclusion of supplementary or addi-tionaI items in the agenda.

This press release, which covers events th.rough 29 Augusts contains background information on all items proposed for discussion. They are numbered as they appear on the proVisional agenda. Hmfever, this 1s not necessarily the order in which they will appear on the final agenda as adopted by the Assembly. An addend.um to this press release 'toTill be issued during the week begin­ ning 12 September.

*** -2- Press Release GA/3l90 l September 1966 Muhammad zafrulJ ITE!1S ON THE PROVISIONAL AGENDA special sessie Carlos SoSa RodI Alex Quaison-Sac 1. Qpeni~ of the. session Amintore Fanfani The GeneraJ. Assembly electsits President at each session. The Chai':'~&M '.Main Committees 2 of the delegation of the previous President oecupies the Chair until the The Assembly has election. Amintore Fanfani of Italy vas President of the twentieth session. represented. They ar 2. Minute of Bilent Prayer or Meditation Political Committee; 1 At the opening of the first plenary meeting and at the end of the final Humanitarian and Cult1 meeting, the President invites representatives 1;0 rise for a minute of silent Governing Territories: prayer or Meditation. Committee (Legal) 0 Each Main Commit1 Credentials "... - ... secret ballot. At the beginning of the session, the Assembly appoints, on the propcsal According to a p~ of the President, a nine-member Committee to examine the credentials of (À'VIII) of 17 Decembel represerJ.tatives. The Comm1ttee' s report 113 ·subaitted for approval towards (a) Three repreE the end of the session. (b) One from an Cc) One from a I 4. F~ection of President (d) Onefrom a l~ (e) The seventh The President ia elected by secret ballot and by a simple majority. There representati arl~ no nominations. Past Assembly Presidents vere: The Main Committe Paul-Henri Spaak of Belgium (f1rst regular session) to them by the Assem.bl Oswaldo Aranha of Bra.zil (first special session and second regular session) José Arce of Argentine. (second special session) 6. Election of Vice- Herbert V. Evatt of Australia (third regular session) Carlos P. Romulo of -the Philippines (fourth regular session) For thel7 vice-p: Nasrollah Entezam of Ir81i (fifth regular session) viduals, and the heads Luis Padilla Nervo of Mexico (sixth regular session) Lester B. Pearson of Canada. (seventh regular session) posts. Elections are l Mme Vijaya LakshJni Pandit of Ind1a (eigh~h regular session) The Assembly decic Eelco N. van IO.effens of the Netherlands (ninth regular session) José r.1az.a. of Chile (tenth regular session) Presidents shall be elE Rudecindo ortega of Chile (f1rst and second emergency special sessions) 1. (a) Seven rel Prince Wan Waithayakon ot Thailand (eleventh regular session) (b) One from S1r Les11e Munro of New Zealand (twelfth regular session and third (c) Three fre emergency special session) (d) Two from Charles Malik of Lebanon (thirteenth regular session) (e) Five froI: Victor Andrés Belaûnde of' Peru (t"ourleenth regular session and fourth emergency special session) 2. The election c Frederick H. Baland of Ireland (:fifteenth regular session and third special have the effec session) . Mongi Slim of Tunisia (sixteenth regulaz: session) allocated to 1: - 3- Press Releaae GA/3190 i Septembe:t' J966 Muhammad zatrulla Khan of Pakistan (seventeenth regular session and fourth 7. special session) Carlos Sosa Rodr{guez of Venezuela (eighteenth :t'e~ûar session) Alex Quaison-Sackey of Ghana (nineteenth regularsession) Co Amintore Fanfani of Italy (twentieth regular session). as 5. Main Committees, Election of Olficers re The Assembly has seven Main Committees, on which all Member states are Co represented. They are: First Committee (Political and Security); Special Political Connnittee; Second Conunittee (Economic and Financ~al); Third (Social, Humanitarian and Cul.tural); Fourth (Trusteeship and Information .from Non-Self­ ma; de, Governing Territories); Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary); and Sixth Committee (Legal). Each Main Conunittee elects its Chail'man, Vice-Chairman and Rapporteur by secret ballot.. 8. According to a pattern fixed by the Assembly in 1963 (resolution 1990 (XVIII) or 17 December), the seven Chairmen are elected as follows: ad, (a) Three representatives from African and Asian States; bec (b) One from an Eastern European State; (c) One from a Latin Ameri,can State; (d) One from a Western European or other State; (e) The seventh C'..hairmanship to l'otate in alternate years between Ohé representatives of states referred to in (c) and (d). pre The Main Conunittees examine and make recommandations on matters refer~ed thE to them by the Assemb1y in plenary session. ASf 6. Election of Vice-Presidents di:: For the 17 vice-presidencies, the Assemb1y ~lects Member states, net indi­ of viduals, and the heads of the delegatlons of the elected States serve in these fOl posts. Elections are by secret ballot and by simple majority. The Assemb1y decided in 1963 (resolution 1990 (XVIII» that 'the Vice­ Presidents shall be elected according to the f'ollowing pattern: 1. (a) Seven repraaentatives from Africa."l and Asian States; the (b) One from an Eastern European State; ( c) Three from Latin American States; mat (d) Two fromlfestern European and other States; (e) Five frem the permanent members of the Security Counci1. 2. The election of' the President of the General Assel1lbly will, however, have the effect of reducing by one the number of Vice-presidencies alJ.ocated to -the ragion fromwhich the President ls elected. .... 4- Press Release GA!3J.9C 1 Beptembel;" 1966

~by ~tç1e NO'èification the Secretar:v-General under ).2, (2) 01 the Charter 10.. Repcrt of Secr4 A:rticle 12, paragra.ph l, of the Charter provides that, ~ll1hile the Security Article 98 of 1 Couacil is exercising in respect of any dispute or situation the functions year to the Assembl~ s,ssigned to i t in the present Charter, the General Assembly shaJJ. not malte any presents an account reconunenda.tion with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security security, econcmic ~ Council so requests." Hon-Self'-Governing ~ As required by paragraph 2 of the seme Article, the Secretary-Genera1., personnel -- from lé with the consent of the Council,submits at each Assemb1y session a J.ist of The introductio matters relative to the maintenance of peace and secur.ity which are being be:f'ore the opening 0 dealt with by the Council and also of matters with 'Wh1ch -the Caunc!l has the United NatioDz. ceased ta deal. The notification 1s issued on the opening day of the session. 5:he Assembly no The Assembly norma11y takes note of the communication without debate. 11.. RepOl""t of Secur. 8. Adoption of the Agenda Article 24 of ""~j The provisional agenda. (A/6350) and any requests for inclusion of reports to the Generl additicna1 ite~s are ccnsidered first by the General Ccnmittee, en advisory for the period 16 J1l: bcdy ccncerned with the àgenda and organizaticnal matters. During tbat perj The Committee, compc1sed of the President, the 17 Vice...Presidents and the (listed chrono10g1eaJ Chairmen of the seven 11ain Committees, makes recommendations as ta 'Whether each 'the India-Pakistan qt proposed i tent should be placed on the agenda and on the allocation of items 'to Territories under POl the Main Committees and the plenary. Approval of these recommendations by' 'the amember of the Inte! Assembly requires a majority of Members present and voting. The Assembly nOl: The Assembly rules of procedure do not permi'& the General Committee 1.;0 f discuss the. substance of an i tam except in so far as this bears on the question 12. Report of the Ec of its inclusion and on wh~t priority should be accorded to an item recommended This year's annu for inclusion. cover th\"1 period f'rom 9. General Debate Council he1d lta reau f'ortieth session (23 : At the beginning of eech Assemb1y session, heads of delega.tions express forty-first session (: the vie'-ls of their Governments on current pol:tticaJ., economic, social and other matters. In an introductil Tewf'ik Bouattoura (AlI which the Council madl - 5 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

10.. Repert of Secretary-General on yTork of Organization by Article 98 of the Charter requires the Seeretary-General to report eaeh year to the Assemb1y on the work of the Organization. His report (A/630l) presents an account of United Nations aet!vities in aIl fields -- politica1 and security, economic and social, tecbnica1 co-op6ration, human rights, Trust anrl Non-Be1f'-Governing Territories, legal, t'inanciel, and administrative and è personnel -- trom 16 June 1965 to 15 June 1966. c The introduction to the report (Aj63Ql/Add.l) will be issued separately 1: before the opening of the session. It will. deal with major issues confronting c the United Nations. s ~he Assembly normally takes note of the report without discussion. 1:: 11.. ReEc:l~ of Security" Council

Article 24 of .l~t(J Charter raqUires the Security Council to submit annual reports to the General.Assembly. The COUl.\ci1 has not yet adopted its report e for the period16 J 111:y 1965 to 15 July 1966 (A/6302). :1 During that period i t dealt with the f'ollowing substantive matters J (listed cbronologica11y): the situation in the Dominican Republic, Cyprus, m 'the India-Pakistan questicn, the admission of ne~1 Members, the situation in the ) Territories under Portuguese administration~ Southern Rhodesia, e1ection ot ~ a member of the International Court of Justice, and Viet-Nam. s The Assembly normally takes note of the Couneills report without debate. t 12. Report of the E('.onomic and Social Counei1 m ]; ~ This yearS s annuel report of the Economie and Social Council (A/6303) will -1: cover tho:'~ period t'rom 1. August 1965 ta 5 August 1966. During that time, the Counci1 held it8 resumed thirty-n'inth session (22 November ... 21 DecembeI' 1965), 1: fortieth session (25 February - 8 Mareh 1966) and the f'irst 'part of its 1 f'orty-f'il.'st session (5 July - 5 August) .. :I In an introduction to the report, the Couneil's President for 1966, J Tewfik J30uattoura (Algeria), cites the following as among the main tapies on J whiCh the Couneil made recommendations during the past year: :i ... 6 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

The financing of development, multilateral food aid, industrial and Members of agricultural develo]tment, natural resources, the Vlorld social situation, ragional development, the developmant of human resources, racial Zealand, Soviet discrimination, science and technology, development planning, the United As the Paci Nations Development Decade, the l'ole and functions of the Council, co-ordination with l'elated BRencies, technical co-operation, the budgetary implications of the Couneills re its decisions, and the dissemination of information on economic and social Counc!l. activities. Nauru, a 5, The President states that the Council "brought into relief the most a population of disquieting element in the current situation of the Third l'forld when i t spoke i tself, New Zeal of' its concern at the slowing down of international aid;!. He considers that since 1947. the Council's resolution on the financing of development "should make the When the Gei ccuntries of the North more sensible of their obligation to intensify their conclusions of tl assistance, and the countries of the South more keenly desirous of making the the conditions oj best use both of their 01'Tn resources and of external aid". and since the ofj Mr. Bouattoura observes that the world public is displaying complacency Nc;'Uruans had dec:l and apathy towards economic and social development" A1l the efforts towards on Curtis Island, greater international co-operation for development, he adds~ will remain December 1965, aà inadequate as long as people are not conscious of the "impending catastrophe". The Assembl;y to establish a Le 13. Repo~t of the Trusteeship Council the ear1iest pOSS In 1966, the Trusteeshi1' Counci1 considered conditions in Nauru, New 31 January 1968. Guinea, and the Trust Territory of the Pacifie Islands which are the only 1 It further a Territories out of the original eleven to which the United Nations Trusteeship for habitation by system still ap1'1ies. 1 In 1966, the The eight former T~ust Territories are: Br;tish Togoland which became a Legislative Counc: part of Ghana in 1957; French Togoland which became the State of Togo in 1960; government in NallJ Came~oon~ ------British -- of which the northern part joined Nigeria in 1961 and the to the wishes of i southern part became a federal part of Cameroon in 1961; French Cameroons. which 1968. It also n01 became the State of Cameroon in 1.960; Ruanda-Urundi., then administered by might givepromisE Belgium which became the State of Rwanda and thé state of Burundi in 1962; to them and which :Canganyika, administered by the United Kingdom, which became independent in On economie Il1 1961 and which became a part of the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964; investigated the f ~ Italien Sçmaliland, which in union with British Somaliland, became the State of and recommended th Somalia in 1960; and l'l'estern Samoa, administered by New Zealand, which became as Possible. It d independent in 1962. ) - 7 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

Members of' the Council are: Australia, China, France, Liberia, New Zeeland, Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States. As the Pacifie Islands Territory haEl been designated a strategie area, hion the Couneil's report on that Territory will be submitted to the Security Council. Nauru, a 5,263-acre, phosphate-bearing island in the central Pacifie, had a population of 5,561 in 1965. It is administered by Australia on behalf of e itself', New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and has been a Trust Territory since 1947. l~en the General Assembly diacussed Nauru in 1965, it took note of the conclusions of' the Couneil that,since Australia was unable to satisfy fully e the conditions of' the Nauruans who wanted to l'esettle as an independent people and sinee the off'er of Australien citizenship was unacceptable to them, the NQ1.U'uans had decided not to proceed with the proposal for their resettlement on Curtis Island, off the coast cf Australia (res01ution 2111 (XX) of2l December 1965, adopted by 84 to none, with 25 abstentions).

Il The Assembly called on the Administering Authority to taks immediate steps to establish a Legislative CmIDcil by ;1 January 1966 and requested it to set the earliest possible date for independenee for Nauru, but not later than 31 Januery 1968. 1 It further asked that immediate steps be taken towards restoring Nauru ip for habitation by the Nauruan people as a sovereign nation. In 1966, the Council weleomed the establishment early this year of a a Legislative Council and an Executive Council as an important step to~.,ards self­ 0; government in Nauru. It reeommended that Australia give serious consideration he to the 'Wishes of the Nauruans to attain independence not later than 31 January ioh 1968. It also noted tha.t Australia had agreed to pursue any proposals that might give promise of' enabling the Nauruans to resettle on a basis acceptable to them and which would preserve their national identity. On economic matters, the Council noted that a committee of experts had investigated the feasibility of restoring the worked-out land on the island . of and recommended that Australia màke the committee's report available aS soon .me as possible. It drew the attention of the Administering Authority to the -8- Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

provisions or Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962, which con­ vTithreli cerns the rights or peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their ials against natural wealth and resources. Board of Dire The ~rust Territory or New Guinea comprises the north-eastern part of the September 19é island of New Guinea north of Papua and east of West Irian, plus the Bismarck safeguarding Archipelago and t'Wo of the Solomon Islands. It has a land area of 92,160 ments were ap square miles and an estimated population of 1,575,020 in 1965. Administered total to 29 a by Australia, it became a Trust Territory in 1946. The repo In 1965, the Assembly noted that with respect to New Guinea, Australia the services ; had not taken sufficient steps towards the full imp1ementation of the Trustee­ power project ship Agreement and of the Assembly's Declaration on the ending of colonialism. and breeder Tl The Assembly called for the setting of an early date for the independence of larly to the ( the Territory in accordance with the freely expressed wishes of the people Progress (resolution 2112 (XX) of 21 December 1965, adopted by 86 to none, with 22 data between 1 abstentions) • North America, In 1966, the Council recommended that Australia give serious consideration waste manageme to the conclusions and recommendations which are expected to be made to the tl'ansport of 3: Territory's House of Assemb1y on such issues as the powers of the Hou.se and pos.i.ng of nuel the size of the electorate. The Council welcomed the increase in the number The Agenc of local government councils andrecommended that the system be extended over Programme -- t thewhole Territory. It cal1ed on Australia to intensify its drive to promote males to make .. indigenous qualified people to more important positions in the ~lblic 3ervice. -- shows the.t It also drew the attention of Australia to the need to keep constantly before moving :from th the people the choices for the future which were open to them, including in­ developing cou dependence. The first The annual report of the Trusteeship Couneil (A/6304), covering the period consists of th 1 July 1965 to 26 July 1966, has not yet been issuecl. During that period the Confel"ence and Couneil held one session -- its thiJ:·ty-third -- from 27 May to 26 July 1966. dealing with 1~ Its President for 1966 was Francis D.ll. Brown (United Kingdom). Conference whi< 14. Report of the International Atomic Ener&y Agenc;z during the Gene The 96-men The tenth annual reJ?ort of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Econom1 sta.tes that the past year has been marked by further growth in the Ageney t s safeguards activities alld its work in the field of nuclear power. 3190 -9- Press Release GA/3l90 l September 1966

con- l'7ith regard to the problem of safeguarding nucleal' facilities and mater­ ~ir ials against diversion ta milita,ry purposes, the report notes that the lAEA Board of Directors gave final approval to a revised safeguards system in )f the September 1965 and, in June 1966, provisiona11y approved special procedures for narck safeguarding plants which reprocess nucleal' materials. Five sa,feguards agree­ ) ments were approved by the Board during the year ending in June, bringing the

~red total to 29 agreements with 2; Member States. The report goes on to saY that the Agency has been laying more stress on Lia the services ~t can offer to Member St~tes during the early stages of a nuclear lstee­ power project, on the long-term economics ot fuel supply, on advanced converter Ùism. and breeder reactors, and on the applications of proven reactor types, particu­ a of larly to the desalting of water. Le Progress has been made towards the goal of a full-scale exchange of nuclear data between the main data-producing centres in eastern and western Europe and North America, and between centres in other areas. In the field of safety and 3ration waste management, IAEA is devoting more effo~t to facilitating international bhe transport of radio-active materials and to seeking saf'e and cheap ineans of dis­ 9.nd pos.i.ng of nuclear waste. liber The Agency' s 'Work on t'Wo nelv projects of the United Nations Development over Programme -- the eradication of a fruit fly in Central America by irradiating remote males to make them sterile, and the radiation disinfestation of grain in Turkey rvice. -- shows that the agricultural applications of radio-isotopes are steadily afore moving from the laboratory to the field and factory, and from advanced to in- developing countries, the report states. The first part of 'che I.AEA re];:ort (transmitted as an attachment to A/6345) period consists of the annual report of the Board of Governors te) the lAEA General i the Conference andcovers the period 1 July 1965 to ;0 June 1966. A supplement ~66. dealiug with la-to:r developments, including an account of the Tenth General Conference which willmeet in Vienna beginn1ng 21 September, will be issued during the General Assembly session (A/6;45/Add.l). The 96-member Agency, established in 1957, reports annually to the Assexnbly IAEA) and the Economie and Soci,al Council. - 10 - Press Release GA/;190 1 September 1966

15. E;l.~.ction of Five Non-Permanent Members of the Security Council

The Security Council consists of five permanent members (China, France, Mali 1 Mexicc Soviet Union, United lCingdom and United States) and 10 non-permanent"members, Morocc elected by the General Assembly for two-yeer terms. NetheJ The terms of Jordan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Uganda and Uruguay New ZE expire at the end of 1966. The five other non-permanent members of the Counci1 Nigerj NorwaJ are Argentina, Bulgaria, Japan, Mali and Nigeria. Pakisi The Counci1, which original1y had Il members, became a 15-member body on Panama Peru ( 1 January 1966, in accordance with amendments to Article 23 of the United Pbili]; Nations Charter, which came into effect on 31 August 1965. 16. Electi In the reso1ution by which it adopted the Charter amendments (1991 A (XVIII) of 17 December 1963), the Assembly decided that the 10 (formerly six) The Ec non-permanent members would be elected according to the following pattern: General Ass five trom African and Asian States, one from Eastern European States, two from each year. Latin American States, and two from Western European and other States. The te Election is by two-thirds majority on a secret ballot. In elections, the Sierra Leoni Charter calls for "due regard" to be "special1y paid, in the first instance to The other ml the contribution of Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of inter­ Pakistan, Pl national l'eace and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and of 1967J anc also to equitable geographical distribution". Retiring members are not eligib1e of Soviet Sc for immediate re-election. at the end c The fo11owing states have served ~t) far as non-permanent members of the The COt Counci1: membership c Argentina (1948-49, 1959-60, Denmark (1953-54) the Charter, 1966-67) Ecuador (1950.-51, 1960-61) In the Australia (1946-47, 1956-57) Ghana (1962-63) Belgil.lm (1947-48t 1955-56) Greeee (1952-53) 17 December Bo1ivia (1964-65) India (1950-51) the nine add Brazi1 (1946-47, 1951-52 Iran (1955-56) 1954-55, 1963-64)t Ire1and (1962) that provisi Bulgaria {1966-67} Iraq (1957-58) e1ected acco Canada (1948-49t 1958-59) Italy (1959-60) Ceylon (1960-61) Ivory Coast (1964-65) three from E Chi1e (1952-53, 1961-62) Japan (1958-59, 1966-67) from Western Colomb1a (1947-48t 1953-54, Jordan (1965-66) 1957-58) Lebanon (1953-54) ElectiOl Cuba (1949-50, 1956-57) Liberia (1961) are e1igib1e Czechos1ovakia (1964) Malaysia. (1965)

* Egypt servE ~A/;190 - 11 - Press Relesse GA/)190 ;6 1 September 1966

Mali (1966-67) Poland (1946-47, 1960) 'rance, Mexico (1946) Romania (1962) lembers, Morocco (1963-64) Sweden (1957-58) Nether1ands (1946, 1951-52, Syria (1947-48) 1965-66) Tunisia (1959-60) 19uay New Zealand (1954-55, 1966) Turkey (1951-52, 1954-55, 1961) Nigeria (1966-67 Uganda (1966) le Counci1 Norway (1949-50, 1963-64) Ukraine (1948-49) Pakistan (1952-53) United Arab Republic* (1961-62) Panama (1958-59) Uruguay (1965-66) body on Peru (2955-56) Venezuela (1962-63) ,ted Philippines (1957, 1963) Yugoslavia (1950-51, 1956) 16. Election of Nine Members of the Economie and Social Council Il A The Economie and Social Council consists of 27 members, elected by the 'ly six) General Assemb1y for three-year terms. One-third of the membership is elected ,ern: each year. two from The terms of Algeria, Chile, Ecuador, France, Greece, Iraq, Luxembourg, Sierra Leone and the United Repub1ic of Tanzanie. expire at the end of 1966• .ons, the The other members of the Counei1 are Cameroon, Canada, Dahomey, Gabon, India, ,tance to Pakistan, Peru, Romania and the United States, whose terms expire at the end If inter­ of 1967, and Czechoslovakia, Iran, Morocco, Panama, Philippines, Sweden, Union ,ion, and of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom and Venezuela, whose terms exp:i.re ,t eligible st the end of 1968. The COUl'lcil, which originally had 18 members, was enlsrged to its present of the membership on l January 1966, in accordance with an amendment to Article 61 of the Charter, which came into effect on 31 August 1965. In the res01ution by ~hich it adopted the amendment (1991 B (XVIII) of' 17 December 1963), the Assembly set a pattern of geographical distribution of the nine additional seats on the Council. In the 11ght of the effect given to that provision by the Assembly in 2965, the 27 membera of the Council e.re elected according to the f01~~wing pattern: 12 from African and Asian states,

three :from Eastern European states1 five from La.tin American states, and seven from Western European and other states. Election is by two-thirds majority on a secret ballot. Retiring members are eligible for immediabe re-election.

* Egypt served on the Council in 1946 Rnd 1949-50. -12 - Press Re1ease GA!3190 1 September 1966

17.. Elections to International Court of Justice A memorandwn by . Elections will be held simultaneous1y in the Security Counci1 and the explaining the proced'

General Assemb1y to :fiil five seats on the International Court of Justice, the dièo.tes nooino.ted by l Na~ions. principal. judicial organ of' the United later. The dead1ine j The Court functions in accordance with a Statute based on the Statute of' 18. Appointment of SE -the Permanent Court of International Justice, which was set up under the aegis of the League of N~tions and which held its first sessions in 1922. The Statute The terra of off'ic ber 1966. of the present Court fOrIilS an integra1 put of the United Nations Charter. Under Article 97 11embers of the Court are elected for nin~-year terms ending on 5 February ~ of the year concerned, and judges May be re-elected. the General Assemb1y The terms of the following judges will expire on 5 Fe'bruary 1966: Charter doea not fix a Sir Percy Spender (Australia), President of the Court; V.K. llellington Koo On 1 February 1941 (e'nina) ~ Vice-President; Bohdan l:liniarski (Poland); Jean Spiropoulos (Greece); for a five-year terme and Fouad Ammoun (Lebanon). period of three years. other judges are: and on 10 April 1953, r Vladimir M. Koretsky (Soviet Union), Kotaro Tanaka (Japan), José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (Pe1'U), Philip C. Jessup (United States) and Gaetano More1li (ItalY), 26 September 195'7, Ml". Whose terms expire in 1970; and Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice (United Kingdom), Isaac beginning 10 April 1958 Forster (Senegal), André Gros (France), Luis Padilla Nervo (Mexico) and Muhammad zat'rulla Khan (Pakistan), whose terms expire in 197.3. Artel" MI". Hammarsk Election i6 by secret ballot and requires an absolute majority of votes Ndola, Northern Rhodesi in both organs. In the Assembly, an absolute majority consists of more than Security Council, appoi: half of' the total number of possible electors, whether or- not they are actually Secretary-General for a present and voting. (Liechtenstein, San Marino and Smtzerland, which are On 3 November 1962: parties to the Statute of the Court but not Members of the United Nations, can extending until 3 Noveml participate in the Assembly election in the same manner as Members of the 19. Election of MeDlber~ United Nations.) In the Security Counci1, eight votes constitute an absolute The International l majority, and no distinction is made betw'een permanent and non-permanent in 1947 to promote the c members. Originally set at 1 The Court consists of 15 independent judges, no two of whom may be nation­ the Assembly in 1956 to als of the same state. Elections proceed on the basis of nominations made by sonal capacity as expert national groups. The Statute of the Court also requires electors to bear in of Governments. mind "not only that the persons to be e1ected should individually possess the This year, the Assez qUalifications required, but also that in the body aS a whole, the represent­ five-year terms (1 JanuaJ ation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the 'World should be assured". - 13 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

Robel A memorandum by the Secretary-Gen(;ral has been issued (A/6366-s/7466), Mohan explaining the procedure for election of mecbers of the Court. A list 'of can­ (Cane . Tas11 dièates ncninated by national grou~s and their curicula vitae will be issued (Pole later. The deadline for nominations this year was 1 September. Ange] Roser 18. Appointment of SeeretarY-General Senj:i (Aus1 The term of office of the Secretary-General, U Thant, expires on 3 Novem­ {Ira( ber 1966. Under Article 97 of the Charter, the Secretary-General is appointed by 170i the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Couneil. The {Bioe Charter does not fix a term of office. On 1 February 1946, Trygve Lie, of Norvray, was appointed Secretary-General sons for a five-year terme On 1 November 1950, he was continued in office for a missi period of three years. On la November 1952, Br. Lie i3ubmitted his resignation, princ and on la April 1953, he was succeeded by Dag Hammarskjë1d:J of Sweden.. On 20. 26 September 195'7, Mr. Hammarskjo1d was appointed for a further five-year term beginning 10 April 1958. . Gene] After Mr. Hammarskjo1d' s death on 17 8eptember 1961 in an air crash near S/RFf. Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), the Assembly, on recommenda.tion of the appl:i Security Counci1, appointed U Thant, of Burma, on 3 November 1961 as Acting Secretary-General for a term extending unti1 la April 1963. 118 .. On 3 November 1962, U Thant was appointed Secretary-General for a term extending until 3 November 1966. to aJ 19. Election of Members of International Law Commission presE The International Law Commission was establilshed by the General Assemb1y to CE in 1947 to promote the codification and deve10pment of international law. decif Originally set at 15, the membership of' the Commission was increased by Decif the Assembly in 1956 to 21 and, in 1961, to 25. The members sit in their per­ Assen sonal capaeity as experts in international 1aw rather than as representatives of Governments. sess~ This year, the Assembly is te elect the 25 members ef the Commission for poweJ five-year terms (1 January 1967 to 31 December 1971). - 14- Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

The present members are: Republic of BotswanE Roberto Ago (ItalY), Gilberto Amado (Brazil), Milan Bartos (Yugoslavia), Mohammed BedJaoui (Algeria), Herbert l'Te Briggs (United States), Marcel Cadieux under the name of Le (Canada), Erik Castrén (Finland), Abdullah El-Erian (United Arab Republic), dependence on 30 No".; Taslim O. Elias (Nigeria), Eduardo Jimsnez de Aréchaga (Uruguay), Manfred Lachs (Poland), Liu Chieh (China), Antonio de Luna (Spain), Radhabinod Pal (India), 21. !lpited Nations Angel M. Paredes (Ecuador), Obed Pessou (Togo), Paul Reuter (France), Shabtai Rosenne (Israel), Jose! Mari'a Ruda (Argentina), Abdul Hakim Tabibi (Afghanistan), Ca) Report on . SenJin Tsuruoka (Japan), Grigory I. Tunkin (Soviet Union), Alfred Verdross --- - (Austr1a), Sir Humphrey Waldock (United Kingdom) and Mustafa Kamil Yasseen The United Ne..til (Iraq). Assemb1y on 5 Novembl Sixty-one Member States have nODlinated a total of 42 cand:J.dates, including the cessation of hos1 17 of the present members of the Commission (A/6359 and Add.l, A/636l-62). Israel, France and tl (Biographies of candidates appear in A/6360 and Corr.l.) As established 1 According to the Statute of the Commission, the members have to be "per­ present are to act as sons of recognized competence in international law". Moreover, "in the Com­ t.he United Arab Repuê mission as a whole, representation of the main forms of civilization and of the international frontie principal legal systems of the world should be assuredtr • these lines by ciViIi 20. Admission of New Membe~s violations of the lin The Secur1ty Council voted unanimously on 21 June 1966 to recommend to the The Commander of General Assembly the.t Guyana be admitted to the United Nations (A/6353 and India, who Succeeded 1 S/RES/~23). Guyana (formerly British Guiana) became independent on 26 May and (The Secretary-Gl coverin~ applied for membership on 4 June (A/6339-S/734l and 8/7349). of the, Force, Admission of Guyana. vTould bring the membership of the United Nations to issued. ) 118 -- 51 original members and 67 admitted by decision of the Organization. (b) Cost Estimai Under Article 4 of the Charter, J'Membership in the United Nations is open The UNEF 1s finar. to all ••• pea.ce-loving Sta.tes which accept the obligations contained in the Assembly makes the ~ present Charter and, in the judgment of the Or(5anizaticn, a.re a.ble and wil1ing From lts inception to to carry out these obligations." Admission to membership ls effected by a The SecretarY-Gen decision of the Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Councl1. for 1967. Decisions on admission of new Members require a two-thirda majority in the The Assembly apprj Assembly. In submitting cost est: (Three other countrles will achieve independence during the twenty-first his intention of reduc: session of the Assembly, according to plans announced by the administering of 3,959. A reorgat.,iz~ Power, the United Kingdom. They are Bechuanaland, which la to become the announced in February J - 15 - Press Release GA!3190 1 September 1966

De Repub11c of' Botswana on 30 September; Basutoland, wh1ch 1s to become independen de under the name of Lesotho on 4 October, and Barbados, which is to gain in­ le dependence on 30 Nov~ber.) al 21. p'ni"ted Nations Emerp;encl Force te (a) ~J29rt on the For~. ce es The United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) was established by the General. Assembly on 5 November 1956 (resolution 1100 (ES-!» to "secure and supervise the cessation of hoati1ities" in Egypt between Egyptian forces and those of' Israel, France and the United Kingdom. th As established by practice over the years, the basic functions of' UNEF at te present are to act as an informal 'buffer between the armed forces of Israel and wi the United Arab Repub1ic along the Armistice Demarcation Line in Gaza and the (I internationaJ. frontier in the Sinai Peninsula, to prevent illegal crossings of these lines by civilians of either side, and to observe and report on al.l ha violations of the lines (A/c. 5/1049). me The Commander of' "the 3,900-man Force 1s Major-General. Indar Jit Rikhye of ar. India, who succeeded Major-General. Syseno Sarmento of' Brazil on 1 February 1966. Se

(The Secretary-General's annuel report on the organization and functioning 1;(,- of the. Force, covering the period beginning l August 1965, has not yet been issued. )

(b) Cost Estimates for Maintenance of the Force be

The UNEF is financed outside the regular United Nations budget, but the Assembly maltes the annuaJ. appropriation and determines the method of financing. From its inception to September 1965, UNEF has cost a total of $186.7 million. The Secretary-General has not yet submitted his cost estimates for UNEF for 1967. et The Assembly appropriated $18,911,000 for 1965 and $15 million for 1966. In submitting cost estimates for 1966, the Secretary-General last year stated. his intention of reducing the Force by 620 men, ta b:r1ng 1t to a total strens'th of 3,959. A reorga.~1zation and redeployment plan to implement th1s eut was announced in February 1966. - 16- Press Release GA!3190 1 September 1966

In its l"esolution on the 1966 appropriation for UNEF (2115 (XX) of 21 The present 1] December 1965, adopted by 44 votes to 14, with 45 abstentions), the Assemb1y Afghanistan, Anstl decided, as an ad hoc arrangement, to apportion $800,000 aIilong the economica11y Italy, Ivory Ccas1 Union of Soviet Se less developed Member States and the remaining $14,200,000 among the economic­ œanzania, Uni1ied f ally developed ones. States of each group were to be assessed in proportion The present C to the percentages they contribute to the regular United Nations budget, ex­ Leone. cept that the developed countries were asked to pay an additional 25 pel" cent In 1966, apar each, to cover "reserve requirements". meetings in Africa 22. Co-operation with the Organization of African Unit;y, (Somalia), Addis A (Algena). In add: In 1965, the General Assemb1y requested the Secretary-General to invite the invitation of . the Administrative Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Secretary-General 1 to attend Assembly sessions as an observer, and to explore, in consultation Sb far this yc with OAU, the means ofpromoting co-operation between the two organizations 34 groups of pet!tj (reso1ution 2011 (XX) of 11 October 1965). annual report ta tl The Secretary-General reported in December (A/6174) that the OAU Assembly In addition te had requested the organization's Administrative Secretary-General to ào his ut­ 1 tion, Fiji and Omar. most to ensure that co-operation with the United Nations be as close as possible j agenda, the Ccmmi1!t and cover all fields of interest to both organizations. The United Nations Bouthern Rhode Secretar:Y'-General was invited to attend OAU sessions as an observer. The re­ on the United Kingd ~ort a1so noted that, on 15 November, an agreement had been signed on co­ anee with the princ o!leration between the Ur.ited Nations Econooic Ccrr..mission for Afriea and the OAU. ending of colonial1 A further report on co-operation between the United Nations and OAU will On 11 November be submitted by the Secretary-General te the twenty-first session. condemned Southern J 2;. Implementation of Declaration on Endin~ of Colonial~ been proclaimed on . On 14 December 1960, the General Assembly adopted the Declaration on 'the immediately the rell Granting of Independence ta Colonial Countries and Peoples (reso1ution 1514 order to put an enô. (XV», which proclaimed the necessity of bringing a speedy and unconditional The Security Cc end to colonialism in all its forms and manifestations. desist from supplyir On 27 November 1961, the Assembly established. a Special Committee of 17 break off a1l eeonon members to examine the application of the Declaration and to make suggestions oil and petro1eum PI and recommendations on "che progress of i ts implementation (reso1ution 1654 with l à.bstention). (XVI». In 1962, the membership of the Committee 'Was enlarged to 24 (resolu­ On 6 April 1966 tion 1810 (XVII) of 17 December 1962). A:frican and Portugue - 17- Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

The present membership of the Coromittee is: Afghanistan, Australia, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Ccast, V.adagascar, !l.e.li, Poland, Sierra Lecüe, Syria, Tunisia, ly Union of Soviet Soeialist Republics, United Kingd~cJ CcitEd Republic of Tanzania, United States, UrueCc.y, Venezuela and Yugoslavia. The present Chairman of the Committee is Gershon B.O. Collier of Sierra Leone. In 1966, spart from meetings in New York, the Committee held a number of meetings in Africa -- in Dar es Salaam (United Republic of Tanzania), Mogadiscio (SomaJ.ia), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Cairo (United Arab Repub1ic) and Algiers (Algena). In addi1:iion, it bas sent a sub-committee to Equatorial Guinee at the invitation of the administering Power, Spain, and has requested the u) Secretary-General to appoint a special mission to Aden. So far this year, the Committee has adopted ten resolutions and has heard 34 groups of petitioners. It is to continue its meetings before adopting its annual report to the Assembly. y In addition to South l'Test Africa, Territories under Portuguese administra­ t­ 1 tion, Fiji and Oman, which are the subJeets of separate items on Jehe Assemb1y' s ble 1 agenda, the Comm1 tt~e bas discussed the :following Territories this year: fiouthern Rhodesia: Since 1962, the United Nations has repeatectly called on the United Kingdom to resolve the situation in Southern Rhodesia in accord­ ance with the prineiples of the Charter and the Assemb1y' s Declaration on the âU. ending of colonialism

demonstrated the failure of the United Kingdom policy of sanctions. The On 5 Novem' Committee stated that the time had aome for mandatory sanctions under Chapter any independenc, VII of the (''harter and asked the Secretary-General to take steps to pressed throUgh

bring the matter. to the attention of the Secur1ty Counci1 for. necessary (XX) e The Sacl action. deem fit to enSl Meeting on 9 April nt the request of the United Kingdom, the Security On 22 Marc! Council adopted a resolution in wh1ch it called on the United K1ngdcm of the United K~ to prevent, by the use of force if necessary, the arrival at Beira, ceaBe all repref Mozambique, of vessels believed to be carrying oil t'or Southern Bhodesia. The Committee apprc, Council also empowered the United Kingdom to arrest and detain the tanker United Kingdom 1 Joanna V, if it discharged oi1 at Beira (resolution 221 (1966)). it possible tor The Special Committee, on 21 April, recommended that the Security Counc!1 On 9 June, consider ut'gently the further measures envisaged under Chapter VII of the as his Special Ii Charter to put into effect its decisions concerning the Territory. on the question On 23 May, however, the Couneil rejected a draft res01ution asking it to On 15 June, calI upon the United Kingdom to take all necessary measures, including the use immediately a sp of force, to abolish the racist minority regime in Southern Rhodesia. self and with th On 31 ~ay, the Committae expressed its disapproval of the negotiations The Secreta then taking place between the United Kingdom and the regime in Southern Kingdom had stat, Rhodesia. It urged the implementation of mandatory sanctions and recommended certaifJ. reservat: that the Security Council request the United Kingdom to take measures prov'1.ded in the Committee for in Chapter VII in order, by the use of' land, air and sea forces, to prevent expressed the ho] any supplies, including petroleum products, from reaching Southern Rhodesia. atmosphere in wh: A aub-committee of the Special Committee has been studying the implications Basutoland, ot the activities of foreign and other interests in Southern Rhodesia. Its the Special Commj report 'Will take into account the situation in the Territory following the attempt to w..nex imposition of sanctions. territorial inte~ Aden: On Il December 1963, in resolution 1949 (XVIII), the Assembly called of the Charter. on the United Kingdom to make the necessary constitutional changes in order to Territories on tr. establish a provisional government for Aden and the Aden Protectorates follow­ tlonal cônference ing general eleetions prior toindependence. It also called for an effective each Terl~ito:ry (:r United Nations presence before and during the elections, and urged that a The Assembl~ date for inde~andence be set in conversations between the administering Power encroach upon the &"'ld the government reaulting from the eleet~ons. -19 - Press Release GA/3l90 l September 1966

On 5 November 1965, the Assembly appealed to all states not to recognize any independence which was not based on the wishes of the people freely ex­ pressed through elections held on the basis of sdult suffrage (resolution 2023 (XX) ) • The Secretary-General was requested to take such action as he m1ght deem fit to ensure the implementation of the resolution. On 22 March 1966, the Committee adopted a reso1ution dep10ring the action of the United Kingdom in effect1ng mass arresta in Ade~ and called on it.to cease all repressive aets aga1nst the people of the TerritôrY•. On 18 May, tho The Committee apprcved the report of its S'l1b-Con:m1ttee cn Aden,which urged the United Kingdom to implement the resolutions of the United Nations and to malte it possible for the Sub-Committee to visit the Territory. lcil On 9 June, the Secretary-General announced the appointment of Omar Adee1 as his Special Representative to assist him in discharging his responsibilities on the question of Aden. to On 15 June, the Committee requested the Secretary-Generel to appoint use immediatelya special mission on Aden, in consultation with the Committee it­ self and with the administering Power. The Secretary-General Ister reported to the Committee that the United Kingdom had stated its willingness to co-operate with the mission, subject to led certain reservations. Strong opinion against these reservations waS expressed .ded in the Committee in a debate on 16 August. However, members of' the Committee Ivent expressed the hope that the United Kingdom would consider creating the proper •• atrnosphere in "7h1ch it would be possible for a· mission to vis1t Aden• ~tions Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland: Acting on the recommendation of the Special Committee, the Assemb1y, on 18 December 1962, declared that any attempt to annex any of 'chese three Territorie~or to encroaCh on their territorial integrity,would be regarded as an act of aggression in violation alled of the Charter. The United Kingdom was invited to hold elections in the , te Territories on the basia of direct universal suffrage, to convene a constitu­ ow­ tional cônf'erence imnlediately and te agree on a date for the independence of ve each Terl~itory (resolution 1817 (XVII». The Assembly in 1963 "'Tarned South Afr1ca against any attempt toannex or el' encroach upon these three Terr:l.tories. It also asked the United Kingdorn to - 20 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966 convene a fully representative conference for each of the Territories which would devise democratic constitutional arrangements leading to independence The Corom (resolution 1954 (XVIII) of 11 December 1963). General to ob' In 1965, at the request of the Committee, the Secretary-General sent a plement the ml mission to the Territories to investigate the scope for additional economic and Eguatoril technical assistance. After receiving the report of this mission, the the right of J Secretary-General proposed the creation of a voluntary economic development self-determin~ fund. The Assembly established the fund on 16 December (resolution 2063 (XX). provisions of The Secretary-General will ~eport to the twenty-first session on the operation In 1965, of this fund. for the indepe On 9 June 1966, the Special Committee called on the United Kingdom to basis of univ€ ensure that the independence to be granted to the three Territories should be (resolution 20 based on the free expression of their peoples. It requested the Secretary­ Following General, in consultation with the Committee, to appoint a United Nations special Equatorial Gui representative in each of the Territories to follo'W' the progress made towards 449) • independence. Q.ibraltar The Committee also decided to establish a sub-committee to suggest all 1963 and again necessary measures for securing the territorial integrity and sovereignty of United Kingdom the Territories. This body has been meeting at Headquarters. On 16 DeCE On 8 July, after hearing petitioners concerning Basutoland, the Coromittee invited Spain ~ adopted a consensus expressing concern at recent developments in that Territory tion 2070 (XX») and stating that the date of its attainment of independence should not be Kingdom informe delayed. (The United Kingdom has announced that Bechuanaland is to become London at the € independent on 30 September and Basutoland on 4 October.) E..-al....kl='_an;.;;,;d;;;;...::;I Ifni and Spanish Sahara: The question of Ifni and Spanish Sahara was of a dispute be considered by the Special Committee in 1963 and again the following year, when (Malvinas) and it expressed regret at the delay·by Spain in imp1ementing the provisions of the to findirlg a pe Declaration on the ending of colonialism. It called on Spain to 1iberate the The Assemb: Territory from colonial rula. to enter into ni In 1965, the Assembly urgently requested Spain to take immediate steps for Representa­ the liberation of the Territories from colonial domination and, to this end, te issue in Buenos enter into negotiations on the problems relating to sovereignty (resolution to hold further 2072 (XX) of 16 December). on the talks l'leJ (A/626l and Add. '3190 -21- Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966 lich :mce The Cornmittee decided by consensus on 7 June 1966 to request the Secretary­ General to obtain information from Spain on what steps i t was taking to im­ lt a plement the measures recommended by the Assembly. )mic and Equatorial Guinea: The Special Committee, on 16 October 1964, reaffirmed the right of Equatorial Guinea (Fernando p60 and R:t'o Muni) to independence and Ilent se1f-determination, and urged Spain to take irnmediate steps to implement the ) (YJC». provisions of the Declaration on the ending of colonialism.

~ration In 1965, -the Assembly requested Spain to set the earliest possible date for the independence of the Territories after consulting the people on the to basis of universal suffrage, under the supervision of the United Nations lId be (resolution 2067 (XX) of 16 December). '3Xy- Following an invitation trom Spain, the Committee sent a sub-committee to

:l special Equatorial Guinea on 16 August to study conditions there (press re1ease GA/COL! )wards 449). Gibraltar,: The Special Committee considered the question of Gibraltar in 1963 and again the following year, when it adopted a consensus calling on the United Kingdom and Spain to hold talks in order ta find a negotiated solution. On 16 December 1965, by 96 votes to none, with 11 a.bstentions, the Assemb1y nnittee invited Spain and the United Kingdam to begin the talks Without delay (resolu­ ~rritory tion 2070 (XX». In letters dated 2 Harch (A/6277, 6278), Spain and the United )e Kingdom informed -the Assembly that they were prepared to begin negotiations in )me London at the ear1iest date convenient to both Governments" ~alkland Islands (MalVinas2.: In 1964, the, Cotnmittee noted the existence ras of a dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentine. over the Falkland Island.s ~, when (Malvinas) and inv!ted both Governments to enter into negotiations w1th a. view ~ of the to finding a peaceful solution. je the The Assembly, on 16 December 1965, repeated the invitation to both parties to enter into negotiations without delay (resolution g065 (XX». ,eps for Representatives of Argentina and the United Kingdom held talks on the end, te issue in Buenos Aires in Janua~y 1966 and again in London in July, and agreed ,ion to hold further discussions at the beginning of October. Joint communiques on the taJks were transmitted te the Secretary-General by the t\10 Governments (A/6261 and Add.1, A/6262 and Add.l). - 22- Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966 .

ether Territories: In 1964, the Special Committee adopted a series of colonial te recommendations and conclusions on American Samoa,. Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, tory the me ...... Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islancls, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, against POl' Dominica, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Grenada, Guam, Montserrat, New Hebrides, Rhodesia"• Niue, Papua, Pitcairn, St. Helena, st. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia, st. 24. Intern Vincent, Seychelles, Salomon Islands, Tokelau Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands - The ye and the United States Virgin Islands. 1 unanimously On 16 December 1965, by 91 votes to none, 'Wi.th 10 abstentions, the Assem­ fJ bly endorsed these recommendations and requested the administering Powers to Year (reso1, allow United Nations visiting missions to visit the Territories. It also To CO-( decided that thp. United Nations should render all help to the. people of the Assembly es' before the J Territories in their efforts freely to decid~ their future status (resolution 2069 (XX». The rel Year by the Three sub-committees are now considering the question of. the amall Terri­ them vere a tories. One sub-committee, which is concerned with Territories in the Pacifie, has recommended that the administering Powers be invited to receive United Nations Heaà Nations missions to those Territories. sion of the The United Kingdom, the administering Power concerned, has announced il"1 special stam another sub-cornmittee that at a constitu'tional conference held in London from were prepare 20 June to 4 July, i t was decided that Barbados would attain i ts independence organization on ;0 November 1966. In its J!!1Jllementation of Declaration: Last year, the Assembly approved the pro­ national CO_I gramme of work planned by "che Special Committee for 1966, including the wor1d of' t:1e possibility of holding a series of meetings in Af~1ca and the sending of visit­ agencies, rel ing groups to territories, particularly in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacifie useful for il Oceans (resolution 2105 (xx) of 20 December 1965, adopted by 74 votes to 6, of internati( ~v.ith 27 abstentions). the mass med: It requested the Committee to pay particular attention to the small terri­ affaira", thE tories and to recommend a. deadline for the accession of each territory to in­ Members dependence in accord.ance 'With the 'Wishes of the people concerned.. Ceylon, Cypl"t the United kJ. The Assembly also called on administering Powers to dismantle their bases in their territories and asked the Secretary-General to take all necessary 25", Installe measures to publicize the work of the Committee. In 1964, On 22 June 1966, the Committee repeating. this calI, urged all sta.tes to Hallon an ex pl"ovide material and moral assistance to national 1iberation movements in. the committee 1'00 JA/3190 - 23 - Press Release GA/3190 56 . l September 1966

':tes of colonial territories, and recommended that the Secl.lrity Council "make obliga­ Barbados, tory the measures provided for under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter .nds, against Portugal, South Africa and the racist minority regime in Southern Hebrides, Rhodesia"• .a, st. 24. Internatio","lj.~ Co-operation Ye~ .os Islands The year 1965, the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations, VIas unanimously designated by the General Assembly as International Co-operation he Assem­ Year (resolution 1907 (XVIII) of 21 November 1963). 'Wers to To co-ordinate plans and organize activities for the observance, the also Assembly established a l2-member Committee, the final report of which is now of the before the Asse.mbly (A/6227). solution The report surnrnarizes the activities undertaken in connexion with the Year by the United Nations, specialized agencies and Member States. .An1ong li Terri­ them VIere a lecture series on international co-operation, held at United .e Pacifie, Nations Headquarters from 25 January to 1 March 1965, and a commemorative ses­ 'nited sion of the United Nations in San Francisco, 25-26 June. In many Member States, special stamps, books, brochures and pamphlets on international co-operation nced in were prepared, and seminars and lectures wex'e organized. Non-goV'ernmental don from orga,nizations publicized the purposes of the observance. pendence In its conclusions, the Committee stated that, lias a resul.t of the Inter­ national Co-operation Yeer, there is a greater appreciation. throughout the the pro­ world of t:le actual work carried out by the United Nations, its related he ll agencies, regionaJ. organizations and non-governmental organizations • It VIas of visit... usetul for individuals and oJ:'ganizations to be J:'eminded "of the enormous areas ac1fio of international co-operation which are often ignored or taken for granted by to 6, the mass media as well as by the people directly ct)ncerned 'With internatione.1 affairs", the Committee declared. all terri­ Members of the Committee were .AJ:'gentina, Canada. Central Af'rican Republic, y to in- Ceylon, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Fin.land, India, I:reland, Liberia, Mexico and the United Arab Republic. eir bases ssary 25~ Ins~a11a.tion ot MElchf.U1ical Means of VotillB In 1964, mechanical V'oting equipment was 1nstalled in the General Assembly ates to Hallon an exper:i.mental basis, and preliminary 'W'Ol"k was ca.:t"ried out in two s in. the committee rooma for a possible e~ension of the system. - 24 - Press Releàse GA/3l90 1 September 1966

The installation was authorized by the Assembly on 12 December 1963 In 1965, the Assen. (reso1ution 1957 (XVIII». give urgent considerati The equipment was used for the first time during the Assembly's 1965 (XX) of 19 November). session. Reporting on the results last year, the Secretary-General said that the early conclusion of its use had "demonstrated the ease of' operation, the speed and the accuracy of which the Eighteen-Nati mechanical voting". In these guideline In 1965, the Assembly approved, without a formal vote, the experimental of any loop-holes which use of' the system for a further year. It requested the Secretary-General te ly or indirectly, nucle, report on the experience gained during this period and on the possible extension that: "The treaty sholi of the system to other committee rooms. This report is expected early in i ties and obligations bl December. step towards the achie~ should be acceptable ane 26. Non-Proliferation of Nuclear lveapons treaty"; and the treaty In 1959 t on the initiative of Ireland, the General Assembly adopted a States to conclude regi< resolution in which it recognized the danger that the number of states possess­ The resolution emb< ing nuclear weapons might increase, thus aggravating tension and rendering with 5 abstentions (Cub~ disarmffi~Gnt more difficult to attain. It suggested study of this matter by In compliance with the Ten-Nation Disarmament Committee (resolutj.on 1380 (XIV) of 20 November its meetings in Geneva f 1959). discussion of non-prolif The following year, the Assembly called on all Governments "to make every the United States in 19E effort to achieve permanent agreement on the prevention,of the wider dissem­ ed by the Sovi~t Union i ination of nuclear weapons". It called on all nuclear Powers, pending such aligned members submitte agreement, to refrain from relinquishing control of such weapons to any nation The Committee's rep not possessing them, and asked non-nuclear-Pcwers to refrain from attempting 27. General and Complet to acquire them (resolution 1576 (xv) of 20 December 1960). The Assembly appealed again in ~961 for a non-proliferation agreement. The question of dis In a related development, the Assembly, in 1963, noted with satisfaction by the Genera' Assembly

the initiative taken by five Latin p.merican states towards the denuclearization That commission and the 1 of Latin America (resolution 1911 (XVIII) of 27 November 1963). In 1965, it were replaced in 1952 by endorsed a declaration by African states on the denuclearization of Africa to include all Members 0: (resolution 2033 (XX) of 3 December 1965) by 105 votes in favour to none met in June 1965. against, with 2 abstentions. Proposals for the preparation of a treaty on the Although it had cal: denuclearization of Latin America, endorsed in May 1966 by the Preparatory to end the armements raCE Committee for the Denucleariza"l:iion of Latin Ame:r'ica, have been circulated at disarmament" for the firf the request of j~iexico for the information 'of the Assembly (A/6328and Corr.l). - 25 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966 ten In 1965, the Assemb1y asked the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to give urgent consideration to the question of non-proliferation (reso1ution2028 (XX) of 19 No vembel')• It also urged all States to take all steps necessary for Unie the early conclusion of a treaty on non-proliferation and set out 'guidelines the which the Eighteen-Nation Committee should follow. bod~ In these guidelines, the Assembly stated that the treaty "should be void Ste,1 of any loop-holes which might permit non-nuclear Powers to proliferate, direct­ yeaJ ly or indirectly, nuclear weapons in any form". The guidelines also stated the that: "The treaty should embody an acceptable balance of' mutual responsibil- bee! i ties and obligations between nuclear and non-nuclear Powers"; i t Ifshould be a step towards the achievement of general and complete disarmanlent"; "there ASSE should be acceptable and workable provisions to ensure the effectiveness of the proe treatY"j and the treaty should not "adversel:y' affect the right of any group of arrn€ States to conclude regional treaties" on nuclear-free zones. meal: The resolution embodying the guidelines was adopted by 93 votes to none, with 5 abstentions (Cuba, France, Guinea, Pakistan and Romania). Augt In compliance with the Assembly request, the Eighteen-Nation Committee, at subs its meetings in Geneva from 27 January ta 25 August 1966, gave priority to a Co-C discussion of non-proliferation. Before it were a draft treaty submitted by afte the United Ste.tes in 1965 and amended in March 1966, and a draft treaty present­ the ed by the Sovi.et Union in January 1966. On 23 August 1966, the eight non­ sess aligned members submitted a joint Memorandum on the subject. The Committee1s report to the Assembly will be issued shortly. Braz Hexi 27. General and Complete Disarmament Unit atte The question of disarmament was the subject of the first resolution adopted by the Genera' Assembly in 1946, establishing the Atomic Ener~T Conunission. 28. That commission and the Commission for Conventional Armaments, set up in 1947, 'Were replaced in 1952 by the Disarmament Commission, which 'Was enlarged in 1959 to include al1 Members of' the United Nations. The Disarmament Commission 1ast met in June 1965. accOl Although it had cal1ed on a n\unber of occasions for agreement on measures tion to end the armements race, the Assemb1y used. the term "general and complete disarmament" for the first time in 1959. . met: GoveJ ---...... ---~.,;-, ..._---...... _-----_.....-...._----~---- - 26 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966 .

That year, a.greement was reached outside the United Nations to ~.et up a until September 1961. ten-nation Disarmament Committee composed of five members each of the North at the resumption of Atlantic Treaty Organization and the iTarsaw Pact. conclusion of a treat In 1961, the Assembly endorsed the agreement rea,ched between the Soviet for immediate cessati Union and the United States on the composition of a new negotiating body -­ On 5 August 196; the Conference of the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC). This states signed in Mase body comprised the 10 members of the former Committee plus eight non-aligned in outer space and un States. It has been meeting in Geneva, and reporting to the Assembly, each more than 100 other S year since 1962. However, while discussions in the Committee were fol10wed by two nuclear Powers the conclusion, in 1963, of the partial test ban treaty, no agreement has yet signatories. been reached on the question of genera~ and complete disarmament. Noting the treat; On 3 December 1965, by a vote of 102 to none, with 6 abstentions, the on all states to becol Assemb1y requested the ENDC "to continue i ts efforts towards making substantial armament Committee to progress in reaching agreement on the question of general and complete dis­ (XVIII)) • armament under effective international control, as we11 as on collateral Arter inconclusi' measures" (resolution 2031 (XX». complete test ban, thl The ENDC held 52 p1enary meetings this year, between 27 January and 25 suspended (reso1ution August, during which the positions of the parties on the main issues remained countries to respect i substantially unchanged. It has recessed until a date to be decided by its and requested the Eigl Co-Chairmen, the representatives of the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, i ts work on a comprehE after consultation with the members of the ·Committee, as soon as possible after tively al1 nuc1ear wel; the Assembly concludes its consideration of disarmament at the twenty-first improved possibilitiee session. The Committee's report will be issued short1y. detection". The vote Membe:r'g of the Committee are: The Eighteen-Nat: Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Czechos1ovakia, Ethiopia, France, India, Ita1y, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Union of Soviet Socialist Repub1ics, ject in 1966. It reCE United Arab Republic, United Kingdom and United States. (France has not and a joint merr.orandm attended anyof the meetings.) 29. Prohibition of tp 28. Suspension of Nuclear and Thermonuclear Tests In 1961, the Gene The General Assembly first urged the immediate suspension of testing of nuc1ear weapons is con nuc1ear weapons in 1957. Such suspension, it declared, should be one of a and, as such, a direct series of steps to be includeù in a disarmament agreement, and should be State using such weapo: accompanied by "prompt installation of effective international control" (reso1u­ the Charter of the Uni' tion 1148 (XII) of 14 November 1957). an.d as committing c. cr: In October 1958, the Soviet Union, t~e United Kingdom and the United states this effect (1653 (XVI met in Geneva. to discuss a suspension of tests. Shortly thereafter, the three 1 - Asian Ste.tes and was a< Governments voluntarily suspended nuclel1r teFltinf'l'. 1.n t'1 mO'l".qtorimr vlhi ('Ir. , ",..+.",,.1 - 27 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966 until September 1961. On 6 November 1961, the Assembly expressed its regret s at the resumption o~ tests, and on 8 November it urged the earliest possible o conclusion of a treaty on the cessation of testing. Again in 1962, it appealed for immediate cessation. On 5 August 1963, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States signed in Moscow a treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere,. in outer space and under water. This treaty has subsequently been signed by more than 100 other states, However, it does not ban underground tests, and Cl two nuc1ear Powers -- France and the People's Republic o~ China -- are not signatories.. te Noting the treaty vlith approval, the Assembly, on 27 November 1963, called on all states to become pa~ties to it and requested the Eighteen-Nation Dis­ St armament Committee to contirrüe negotiations on the subject (resolution 1910 3C (XVIII». ~ter inconclusive negotiations during 1964 and 1965 on the question o~ a th complete test ban, the Assembly again urged that aIl nuclear vleapon tests be suspended (resolution 2032 (XX) of 3 December 1965). It also called on all Tb countries to respect the spirit and provisions of the partial test ban treaty, pI and requested the Eighteen-Nation Committee "to continue with a sense of urgency i ts work on a comprehensive test ban treaty and on arrangements to ban effec-. tively all nuclear weapon tests in all environments, taking into account the anl improved possibilities for international co-operation in the field of seismic prE detection". The vote on this text was 92 to 1 (Albania), with :4 abstentions. asi The Eighteen-Nation Committee was unable to reach agreement on th:i.s sub­ la1. ject in 1966. It received a new proposaI by Sweden ~or an underground test ban fOl and a joint me~orandum by the cight non-aligned tteübers on 0. co~prehensive ban. of 29. Prohibition of the Use of Nuclear and Thermonuclear 1'leapons 21 In 1961, the General Assembly declared that "the use of nuclear and thermo­ nuclear weapons is contt'ary to the spirit, letter and aims of the United Nations con and, as such, a direct violation of the Charter of the United Nations". 1trJ.~r con state using such weapens, the Assembly stateds "is te be considered as violating shi the Charter of the United Nations, as acting contrary to the laws of humanity fac and as committing c. crime against mankind and civilization". The resolution to this ef'fect (1653 (XVI) of 24 November 1961) was sponsored by 12 African and Asian Sta.tes and was adopted by a vote of 55 to 20, with 26 abstentions. - 28 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

In 1961, and again in 1962, the Assem,bly asked for the views of Member ctates may share States on the possibi1~ty of convening a special conference to aign a convention tion, irrespectiv on the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons for war purposes. The l'Torking 1 Replies were received from 73 Member States (A/5174 and Add.1-2 j A/5518): ing, under United 43 Governments expressed affirmative views, 28 were negative or expressed peaceful uses of c doubts, and two Governments sta-ced they preferred to wait for the results of In 1ts repor1 the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament before submitting thei!" views. ing Group out1inec In 1963, the Assemb1y asked the Eighteen-Nation Disarmament Committee to papers to be pl"eSE consider the question of convening such a conference. In 1965, it reterred the on a number of qUE matter to the Committee for further study, and postponed further consideration preparation of eai to its twenty-first session. The vlorking ( The Ej.ghteen-Nation Committee has not yet made any recommendation on the of these questions subject. Its report on itsmeetings in 1966 will be issued short1y. Suggestions f 30. Peaceful Uses of Outer Space number of Member S The Scientifi The question of the peacefu1 uses of outer space waS tirst discussed by the General Assemb1y in 1958 when it established an ad hoc committee. held 1ts fourth se Committee its recol In 1959, the Assemb1y set up a 24-member committee to consider the subject. couragement of inti The Committee he1d its tirst ~eeting in November 1961, and wes expanded to the ing faci1ities, anl present menbership of 28 by the Asse~b1y 1ater that year. Among i ts recc In 1965, the Assemb1y, by a vote of 108 in favour to none against, with no group of members oj abstentions, endorsed the previous recommendations of the Outer Space Committee, sider the possibi1j and requested it to continue its work. The Committee waS urged to continue the Another recomn preparation of draft international agreements on assistance to, and return of, space techno1ogy te astronauts and spacevehic1es and on liabi1ity for damage caused by objects fields of meteoro1c 1aunched into outer space, and to give consideration to incorporating, in the The Legal Sub.. form of an international agreement, 1ega! princip1es governing the activities which it conaidered of states in the exploration and use of outer space (resolution 2130 (XX) of (AI6352) and by the 21 December 1965). and use of outer sp The Assemb1y noted that a W'orking Group of the Outer Space Committee would After agreeing convene on 18 January 1966 to examine the possibi1ities of an international national treaty on . conference or meeting in 1967 on outer space; accorded United Nations sponso~­ 4 August. It will : ship to India for i ts Thumba international equatorial sounding rocket 1aunching f'aci1ity; and urged that space activities "be carried out in such a manne:c- that -29- Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

ctates may share in the adventure and the practical benefits of space explora­ tion fl tion, irrespective of the stage of their economic or scientific development • The l'Torking Group, which met from 18 to 25 January, recommended the hold­ ): ing, under United Nations auspices, of an international conference on the peaceful uses of outer space in the latter half of 1967 (AIAC.I05/30). In 1ts report, which wes endorsed by the Outer 8pace Committee, the l'rork­ ing Group outlined objectives for the conference, listed a number of tcpics for papers to be presented to the conference, and noted the need for further 'Work ihe on a number of questions, such aS the time and place of the conference, and the ~n preparation of eatimates of 1ts financial implications. The vlorking Group is to meet again on 6 Sept.ember to continue consideratio of these questions. SUggestions for the agenda of the conference have been received from a number of Member States (AIAC .105IL.26) • The Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee of the Outer Space Committee held 1ts fourth session in Geneva from 18 to 27 April and reported to the main Committee it8 reco.aunendations on exchange of information on outer space, en­ ct. couragement of international programmes, international sounding rocket launch­ e ing faci1ities, and education and training (A/AC.l05/31 and Corr.l). Among 1ts recommendations 'WaS one suggesting establishment of a 'Working no group of members of the Committee and interested specialized agencies to con­ sider the possibility of a navigational satellite system. Another recommendation calls for a study of the feasibility of applying space technology to the needs of the developing countries, parlicularly in the fields of meteorology and mass communications. The Legal Sub-Committee opened 1ta ~ifth session in Geneva on 12 July, at 'Which i t cOnsidered the texts of draft treaties submi-tted by the Soviet Union (A/6352) and by the United states (AIAC.105/32 and Corr.l) on the exploration and use of outer spa.ce~ the mooo and other celeatial bodies• .d Mter agl'eeing to the text of nine articles to be included in an inter­ national treaty on this subject, the Sub....Committee suspended it5 'Work on 4 August. It will reconvene on 12 September. g t - 30 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

~he nine articles concern: Provisions coverirg jurisdiction and control over objects launched into 31. The Korean outer spacej The GeneraJ International liability for damage caused by such objects; when i t establiE Freedom for exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, by all States without discrimination; the withdrawal c Agreement not to place in orbit around the earth any objects carrying Although ur: nuclear weel.pons or any other kinds of vTeapons of ma.::;s destruction; sion reported tl: Assistance to astronauts; In 1948, th International responsibility for national activities in outer space; lished in South Agreemenij that outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodi,es, bringiLg about u is not subject to national appropriation; In 1950, th Conduct of activities in the exploration and use of outer space in a~cordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Republic of Kore Nations; and command under th Co-o:peration and mutual assistance in the exploration and use of outer make ~orces avai space and avoidance of its harmful contamination. On 7 Octobe In summing u:p the work of the session, the Chairman of the Sub-Committee, for the Unificat Manfred Lachs (Poland), declared that although agreement had been reached on United Nations i: a series of ar:;;' 1les, there remained a number of addit:i.onal draft articles and democratic gi and proposals on which it had not been possible to reach a consensus. The remained in Korel issues involved, he stated, would require a further exchange of vie'tvs, and Since its el he proposed to sus:pend the :present session a14d to reconvene it at a date to political and ec< be fixed in consultation with the members of the Sub-Committee. the Government oj The main Outer Space Committee is scheduled to meet on 13 September and of the United Nai will then submit i tl:l report to the Assembly. Ul\ICURK, the Nortl Bath the Sub-CoItl'TIittees and the Working Grou:p are composed of' all 28 the United Natior members of the outer Space Committee: refused to deal y

Albaniat Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Ja'Pan, Lebanon, In 1965, the Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Poland, Romania. Sierra Leone, Sweden, Unionof Nations in Korea Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom and the United States. a unified, indepe government, and i: the areall (resolu It called up urged continuing work. ) - 31 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

.31. The Korean Question ,0 The General Assembly has been considering the Korean question since 1947, when it established a commission to facilitate the holding of elections and the withdrawal of occupying troops. Although unable to visit the area north of the 38th parallel, the Commis­ sion reported that it had supervised elections in the south. In 1948, the Assembly decided that a lawful government had been estab­ lished in South Korea, and sent a new commission to that country to assist in iies, bringir.. g about un:i.fication. In 1950, the Commission reported that North Korean forces had invaded the Republic of Korea on 25 June. The Security Counci1 then established a unified command under the United States, to which it recommended that Member States

r make forces available in order to repel the attack and restore peace. On 7 October 1950, the Assembly established the United Nations Commission tee, for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Ko:'ea (UNCURK), to "represent the on United Nations in bringing about the establishment of a unified, independent and democro.tic government of all Korealf (resolution 376 (v). The Commission remained in Korea after the armistice of 27 July 1953. Since its establishment, UNCURK bas reported annually to the Assembly on ,0 political and economic conditions in Korea. It reported in 1965 that, tfwhile the Government of the Republic of Korea ha~ continued to express its support ~nd of the United Nations objectives in Korea and to extend its co-operation to UNCURK, the No:r:-th Korean authorities have continued to deny the competence of the United Nations in bringing about the reunification of the country and have refused to deal with UNCURK". In 1965, the Assembly reaffirmed Ifthat the objectives of the United Nations in Korea are to bring about, by peaceful means, the establishment of a unified, independent and democratic Korea under a representative forro of government, and the full restoration of international ~eace and security in the areau (resolution 21;2 (XX) of 21 December 1965). It called upon the North Korean authorities te accept these objectives, urged continuing effort te achieve them, and requested UNCURK te continue its werk. - 32 .. Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

Sinee 1950, the Comnission has eomprised Australia, Chile, the Netherlands, In the: Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and Turkey. By a letter dated 5 August "to take suc] 1966 (A/6375), Chile notified the Assembly that it was withdrawing from UNCURK. lem which haf The sixteenth annual report of the Commission (A/6312) is not yet avail- -- as to asst able. equitable die 32. Report of the Commissioner-General of UNRWA The ASSE "intensify" i The United Nations Relief and Works Ageney for Palestine Refugees in the 194 (III) of Near 3ast (UNRWA) began work in May 1950, following adoption of General Assembly therefugees, resolution 302 (IV) on 8 December 1949. The Assembly decided et its twentieth 1966. session to extend the Agency's mandate until 30 June 1969. Extensio The Agency's operations, financed by voluntary contributions, provides provisions of relief, education, training and other services to Arab refugees from Palestine The Conc: now living in Jordan, the Gaza Strip, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic. resolution, i: As of 30 June 1966, the number of refugees on the Agency's ration rolls totalled 861,122. 3.3. Review œ The Ccmmissioner-General of the Agency, Laurence Michelmore, is assisted The 33-m by an Advisory Commission eonsisting of Belgium, France, Jordan, Lebanon, the lished by the Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, the United Arab Republic, the United Kingdom and undertake, as the United States. His report to the Assembly for the yeer ended 30 June 1966 of peace-keepi (A/63l3) will be issued later. the present fi In addition to extending UNRWA's mandate for three years, the Assembly, of' 18 February in resolution 2052 (XX), adopted on 15 December 1965, directed attention to Members a the Agency's "critical" financialposition, noting that contributions had up Afghanistan, A to then been insufficient te enable the Agency to cover its essentialbudget slovakia, El S Mauritania, Me requirements. The Assembly called upon aIl Governments, as a matter of ur­ Leone, Spain, S' gency, to make the most generous efforts possible to meet the anticipated needs Republic, Unit of the Agency. The Comnli' Subsequently, Mr. Michelmore announced on 7 April 1966, following a meet­ Assembly on 15 ing of the UNRvlA Advisory Commission in Beirut, that there were indications of A consenS1 sufficient contributions to enable UNRWA to carry out its planned programme Assembly adoptE for the year (pr~ee releese PAL/99l). "(a) Tha, ecce The Agency's budget estimates for 1966 totalled $38,611,000, as outlined "(b) Tha1 in the Commissioner-General's report last year (A/60l3). wilJ Fore 3190 - 33 - Press Release GA!3190 1 Sel'tember 1966 lerlands, In the 1965 resolution, the Assembly directed the Commissioner-General ~st "to take such measures, including rectification of the ration rolls -- a l'rob­ UNCUBK. lem which has been and continues to be of major concern to the General Assembly

~vail- -- as to assure, in co-operation with the Governments concerned, the wost ll equitable distribution of relief based on need • The Assembly called upon the Conciliation Corr~ission for Palestine to "intensify" its efforts for the implementation of paragraph Il of resolution .n the 194 (III) of Il December 1948, which calls for repatriation or compensation of Assembly the refugees, and asked it to report on the matter not later than l October ltieth 1966. Extension of UNRWA's mandate until 1969 was Uwithout prejudice to the .des provisions of paragraph Il of resolution 194 (III)" • .estine The Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established under the 1948 .ic. resolution, is composed of France, Turkey and the United States. 33. Review of' Peace-I\eeping Operations

listed The 33-nation Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations was estab­ l, the lished by the General Assemb1y at its nineteenth session and was instructed 'to lom and undertake, as soon as possible, a comprehensive review of the whole question le 1966 of peace-keel'ing operations in aIl their aspects, inc1uding ways of overcoming the present financial difficultics of the United Nations (resolution 2006 (XIX) ibly, of' 18 February 1965).

l to Members of' the Committee are: ~d ur:> Afghanistan, Algeria" Argentina., Australia., Austria, Brazil, Canada, Czecho.. slovakia, El Salvador, 3thiol'ia, France, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan, ldget Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra ur- Leone, Spai~Sweden, Thailand, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Rel'ublic, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela. and Yugoslavia. ~d needs The Committee held a series of meetings that year and reported to the Assemb1y on 15 June and 31 AugUst 1965 (A/5915 and Add.l, A/5916 and Add.1). ~ meet­ consensus set forth in the Committee's 31 August report, which the .ons of A Assembly adopted on 1 September 1965, provided: Lmme "(a) That the General .L\.ssombly will carry on its work normal1y in accordance with its rules of procedure; ilined "(b) That the question of the applicability of Article 19 of the Charter will not be raised with regard to the United Nations Emergency Force and the United Nations Operation in the Congo; - 34 - Press. Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

"(c) That the financial difficulties of the Organization ahould be 34. Polie: solved through voluntary contributions by Member States, wi'lih the highly developed countries making substantial contributions." In 19~ On 15 December 1965, the Assembly ad~pted two resolutions on this ques­ resulting j tion: establisheè In resolution 2053 A (XX), the Assembly took note of the reports submitted bring theiJ by the Committee and of the replies submitted by Member States to a request for rights (res their views on the guidelines in regard to future peace-keeping operations After contained in a report submitted jointly on 2 June 1965 by the Secretary-General on 6 Deceml:: and by the President of the nineteenth session of the AssemblYJ Alex Quaison­ operate wit Sa.ckey of Ghana, who served as Chairman of the Committee in 1965 (A/AC.12l/4). tinued to g The Assembly requested the Committee to continue and to complete, as soon In 195 as possible, the work assigned to it and to report to the Assembly et its creasing se revise its tvTenty-first session. The Assembly called upon all Member Sta~es to make vol­ In 196 untary contributions to the Organization, Il so that the futul'e may be faced with renewed hope and confidence". against Sou In resolution 2053 B (XX), the Assembly transmitted to the Committee a (resolution proposal on this subject, put forward during the session by Ireland and eight At the other delegations (A/SFC/L.12l/Rev.l), and invited the Committee to give it of Apartheil racial polil II careful consideration". This proposal would have the Committee consider four specific issues reports to . concerning the authorizatj.on and financing of peace-keeping operations. It time, as apJ would also have the Assembly express the opinion that, until a comprehensive Memberl arrangement was adopted on the question of financing, expenditures not other­ Hungary, Maj ''1ise covered should be apportioned according to a specified f,:>rmula. On thiE Sponsors of the proposal, in addition to Ireland, were Ceylon, Costa Rica, session. Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nepal, the Philippines and Somalia. Under J The Cornmittee l s tirst meeting in 1966 was held on 4 February. At its to 2, with J second meeting, on 29 April, the Cornmittee decided to establish a Working Council to 1: Group of the vnlole for detailed consideration of the problems before it. The to internatî Horking Group held meetings on 10 and 13 May and on 14 June, and then decided Charter was to suspend its work until later, with consultations among members to continue universally in the meantime. peaceful sol The Cornmittee is expected to meet again in September ta approve its re­ port to the Assembly .. lf " - 35 - Pr.ess R~lease GA/3190 ~A/3190 ."~p'tember 1966 ;6

34. Policies of Apartheid of South Africa l be ri'th In 1952, after considering the question of race conf1ict in South Afri~a ltions .lt resulting from that Government's ~olcies of a~arth~id the General Assemb1y ,s ques- estab1ished an investigating commission and ca11ed on al1 Member States to bring their po1icies into conformity with their obligation to promote human " submitted rights (resolution 616 (VII) of 5 December 1952). 'equest for After considering three annual reports by' its COlnmission, the Assembly, ,tions on 6 December 1955) noted with regret that South Africa had refused to co­ .ry-General operate vTith the Commission and expressed concern tho.t that Government, con ... Quaison- tinued to give effect to the policies of apartheiq (resolution 917 (X) •. •0.121/4) • In 1956, and on a number of occasions since, the Assemb1y, with an in­ i) as soon creasing sense of urgency, has called on the G~Yernment of South Africa to , its revise its po1icies in the 1ight of its responsibilities under the Charter. reake vol­ In 1962, the Assembly requested the application of economic sanctions faced with against South Africa to bring about th~ .0andonment o~ its racial policies (res01ution 1761 (XVII) of 6 November)t ,ttee a At the same time, it established the Special Committee on the Policies ,nd eight of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa to keep the ;ive it racial policies of the South African Government U!lder review. This Committee reports to the Assembly or the Security' Cauncil, or to both, from time to lsues time, as appropriate. It began vlork in April 1963. lS. It Members of the Committee are: Algeria, Costa Rica) Ghana) Guinea, Haiti, ~hensive Hungary, Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, the Philippines and Somalia. )t other- On this question, the Assembly adopted two resolutions at its last session. losta Rica, Under resolution 2054 A (XX) of 15 December 1965, adopted by 80 votes to 2, with 16 abstentions, the Assembly drew the attention of the Security ~t its Council to the fact that the situation in South Afl"ica constituted a threat ~king to international peace and security, that action under Chapter VII of the it. The Charter was essentiel in order to solve the problem of apartheid, and that l decided universally applied eoonomic sanctions were the only means of achieving a continue peaceful solution.

its re- '.,

- 36 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

The Assembly deplored the actions of those States which, through polit­ With regard ta the ical, economic and military collaboration with tne Government of South Africa, on apartheid~ the Presi were encouraging it to persist in its racial policies. It again requEsted aIl Fanfani, reported in a States to comply fully with the resolutions of the Security Council on this tions had not produced question and to halt forthwith the sale and delivery to South Âfrica of arms, states concerned, made ammunition and military' vehicles; and of equipment and materials intended for (A/6226/Add.l and 2) th their manufacture and maintenance. tional members in accorl The Assembly decided to add six members to the Special Committee, to be On 27 June, the SpI appointed by the President of the Assembly on the basis of t1e following the Securitjr Council (AI s::i.tuation" created by tl criteria: primary responsibility with regard to world trade, primary respon­ efforts made to enlarge s1bility under the Charter for the maintenance of international peace and lution. The matter reqt security, and equitable geographical distribution. Appealing te those The specialized agencies were invited to deny technical and economic Committee said it feared assistance to South Africa, except for humanitarian assist~nce to the victims sisted in their unwillin of apartheid; to take "active measures" to compel the South African Government South Africa, other Stat to abandon its racial poli~ies; and to co-operate with the Special Committee solution of the problem on ~a~~heid in carrying out its terms of reference~ measures, as they cannot Under resolution 2054 B (XX) of 15 December 1965, adopted by 95 votes to situation in view of its l, with l abstention, the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to establish The Special Committl a United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa, made up of voluntary contribu­ adapt i ts report to the J. tions, to be used for grants to voluntary organizations, Governments of host An international seli countries of refugees from South Africa and other appropriate bodies. The from 23 August to 5 SeptE grants would be used for legal assistance te' persons charged under di,scrimina­ (xx) of 16 December 1965, tory and repressive legislation in South Africa, relief for dependGnts of persons persecu'\,ed by the Government of South Africa for acts arising from 35. E!!ects of ~omic Ra opposition to apartheid, education of prisoners and their dependants, and The United Nations S relief for refugees from South Africa. was established by the Ge A five~member Committee of Trustees was set up to decide on the uses of to assemble, study and di the fund, to promote contributions and to promote co-ordination in the activi~ radiation end radio-activ ties of the voluntary organizations concerned with aiding victims of apartheid. radiation on man and his 1

The Assembly President named Chile, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan and Sweden to of the United Nations or c the Committee of Trustees. 3 Decembe~ 1955).

- - 37 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

With regard to the additional members to be added to the Special Committee and on apartheid, the President of the twentieth session of the Assembly, Amintore Las' Fanfani, reported in a letter dated 31 March 1966 (A/6226) that his consulta­ wor: tions had not produced the expected results. After a further approach to the States concerned, made at the request of the Committee, he reported on 14 June Its (A/6226/Add.l and 2) that it was still impossible to designate the six addi­ tio: tional members in accordance with the requirements laid down by the Assembly. fro] On 27 June, the Special Committee adopted a report to the Assembly and the Securitjr Council (A/6356-s/7387) on what it described as the "serious s:i.tuation" created by the negative response of certain Member States to the efforts made to enlarge the Committee in accordance with the Assembly's reso­ lution. The matter required the "urgent ettention" of the Assembly, it stated. Appealing te those States once again to reconsider their position, the Committee said it feared that if South Africa's major trading partners per­ dis: sisted in their unwillingness to take effective economic measures against The South Africa, other States "may be obliged to reassess their approaches to the Pol solution of the problem and seriously consider other appropriate and decisive twe: measures, aS they cannot permit the continued deterioration of the explosive situation in view of its grave international dangers". ste; The Special Committee is expected to meet again early in September to the; adopt its report to the Assembly. pri: An international seminal" on apartheid is being held in Brasilia, Brazil, pea from 23 August to 5 September 1966, in accord~ce with Assembly resolution 2060 the (XX) of 16 December 1965, adopted by 83 votes to 1. ful 35. -Effects of Atomic.. Radiation cal The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effectsof Atomic Radiation was estab1ished by the General Assembly in 1955. The Committee was requested ' Uni' to assemble, study and disseminate information on observed levels of ionizing cal radiation end radio-activitY in the envirorJlllent, and on the effects of such the radiation on man and his environment. The information is furnished by members irop of the United Nations or of ~pecialized agencies (resolution 913 (X) of rap 3 Decembe~ 195.5). set - 38 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

37. Report of Trade The Committee has reported annua11y to the Assemb1y since 1956e In 1958 and 1962, it submitted comprehensive reports on radiation 1eve1s and effects. On 30 December : Last year, the Assemb1y unanimous1y requested the Committee to continue its Nations Conference 0: work (reso1ution 2078 (XX) of 17 December 1965). b1y, to meet at inte: This year, the Committee he1d its sixteenth session from 6 to 17 June. the Trade and Develo] Its report, to be issued in October (A/6314), will review experimenta1 radia­ the functions of the tion, both natural and man-made, and the l'isks of genetie effects that arise These Assemb1y ~ from exposure of man to ionizing radiation. in Geneva from 23 Mal The Committee is composed of scientists from 15 nations: reviewed the work .of Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazi1, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, India, to the Assemb1y (rese Japan, Mexico, Sweden, Union of Soviet Socialist Repub1ics, United Arab Repub1ic, United Kingdom and United states. The 55-member Tr April 1965; its secon 36. Peacefu1 Settlement of Disputes special session was h On a proposal by the United Kingdom, an item on peaceful settlement of Last year, the A disputes was inc1uded in the General Assembly's agenda for its 1965 session. (A/6023/Rev.1), cover The Assembly approved, without objection, a recommendation of its Special four l'ermane.nt coromit· Political Committee that consideration of the item be postponed until the shipping, and invisib: twenty-first session. The Assembly thel

In requesting inclusion of this item on the agenda, the United Kingdom Board in October 1965 j stated (A/5964) that "the subject of peaceful settlement is of such importance (resolution 2085 (XX) that it merits a separate study directed not simply toelaborating general work programme approvE principles but also to examining existing and new methods and machinery for of progress in solviné peaceful settlement". The envisaged study, the :,;emorandum stated, should be of faced. the broadest character and should ta.'ke into account, not only methods of peace­ Among other point ful settlement relating to the solution of legal disputes, but also the politi­ States to 'teke action, cal aspects of the problem. of the Geneva Conferen A draft resolution on this question (A/SPC/L.123) -- sponsored by the the Conference in 1967 United Kingdom and 16 other delegacions -- was submitted in the Special Politi­ to propose the date an cal Committee. It 'Would have had the Assembly establish a committee to study ve10ping country, for 1 the matter as a uhole, giving particular consideration to the possibility of This year, the As: improved procedures for fact-finding, mediation and conciliation, the use of Trade and Development J rapporteurs, and increased recourse to international arbitration and jud1cial Nations Headquarters fJ sett1ement. session, scheduled for thi:rd session 1s now av _!li

- 39 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

37 • Report of Trade and Deve10pment Board On 30 December 1964, the General Assemb1y decided to establish the United r Nations Conference on Trade and Deve10pment (UNCTAD) aS an organ of the Assem­ e: b1y, to meet at interva1s of not more than three years. By the seme decision, a the Trade and Deve10pment Board was created as a permanent organ to carry out the functions of the Conference between its sessions (reso1ution 1995 (XIX». tl These Assemb1y actions were taken on recoramendation of UNCTAD, which met tl in Geneva from 23 March to 16 June 1964. The Economie and Social Counci1 had reviewed the work of the Conference and transmitted the Final Act and report tl to the Assemb1y (reso1ution 1011 (XXXVII) of 24 July 1964). tl The 55-member Trade and Deve10pment Board met for the first time in A. April 1965; its second session took p1ac·~ in August/September; and the first pc special session was he1d on 28-29 October 1965. Last year, the Assemb1y exeminen. the first annua1 report of the Board Dl: (A/6023/Rev.1), covering the work of its 1965 sessions, during which it set up ai four permanent committees to deal, respective1y, with commodities, manufactures, ir shipping, and invisibles and financing re1ated to trade. The Assemb1y then decided, in accordance with resolutions adopted by the Cc Board in Octobar 1965, to estab1ish the headquarters of UNCTAD in Geneva se (reso1ution 2085 (XX) of 20 December 1965). It noted with appreciation the cc work prograll1llle approved by the Board, but expressed serious concern at the Iack me of progress in solving the substantive problems with which the Conference was co faced. Among other points, the Assemb1y, in this resolution, called on Member me States to take action, jointly or separately, to carry out the recommendations qu of the Geneva Conference. It further decided to convene the second session of Se the Conference in 1967, as recommended bythe Board. The latter was requested re to propose the date and place ,,-e the session, preferabJ.y to be held in a de­ veloping country, for decipi·;n by the Assembly at i ts twenty-first session. Se This year, the Assembl~' ~11 ha~e before it the reports (A/6315) of the se: Tra.de and Development Board on the work of its third session, held at United im: Nations Headquarters from. 25 Janua:ry to 17 February 1966, and on its fourth session, scheduled for 30 August to 23 September in Genevs.. (The report of the third session is now sve. tlable in TD/B/66. ) "'1lIIIIIllI"'_"'IlIIIII!IlIl"'--_"'~_-"- .-ai-__"'_.,_"' _

- 40 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

At its third session, the Board authorized the Secretary-General of UNCTAD ether questi< to prepare for the fourth session, after consultations with Governments and the problems arising : regional economic commissions, a draft provisional agenda for the 1967 Confer­ and social systemf ence. It aIso clecided that it would appoint, at the fourth session, a session­ ing international al committee to consider further preparations for the Conference. and results of the The Secretary-General of UNCTAD was also requested to submit a report to Countries. the fourth session on any offers received from Member states to act as host to The Board aIs the 1967 Conference. in connexion with Also at the third session, the Board invited the Governments members of and reports of i ts the International Monetary Fund to ensure that a study on the improvement of tures and financin the compensatory credit system of the Fund, referred to in recommendation The Board i6 A. IV.17 of the Final Act of UNCTAD, was completed and made available as soon as during i ts fourth : possible.. 38. Establishment. In another action, the Board invited the member countries of the Inter­ In 1960, the ( national Bank for Reconstruction and Development to urge the early preparation to supplement exis1 of a study of suppliers' credit and credit insurance, as called for by UNCTAD countries, decided in recommendation A.IV.14 of the Final Act. should be set up. The Board also confirmed its desire to see an International Agreement on Development Fund te Cocoa concluded and put into force before the beginning of the 1966-67 cocoa . 1521 (XV) of 15 Dec season and, in the seme resolution, requested the UNCTAD Secretary-General to The 1960 decis convene the United Nations Cocoa Conference in May 1966. The Cocoa Conference establish a special met from 23 May to 23 June, and adopted a resolution requesting that it be re-. convened before the end of 1966. to under-developed . the Special United l One .of the majol" p:roblems with which the Board is concerned is the impIe... mentation of the recommendations of UNCTAD. During consideration of this established. Howevl Nations Special Fun( question at the third session, the Board received aSsurance from the UNCTAD Secretary-General that the procedure for such a review, described in the Board's ment Programme ('UNDl reso1ution 19 (II), would come into effect aS from the Board's fourth session. In response to th~ That resolution provides for the preparation each year by the UNCTAD of 11 December), Secretary-General of a report on international t:rad.e and developtnent which would steps to tran&tormt serve as a background document for the Board' s ravie", and assessment of the fund in such a way a implementation of the recommendations. (The report has been issued as TD/B/82 and Add.l-3.)

, - 41 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

other questions considered by the Board at its third session included: problems arising in trade relations b etween countries having d1fferent economic and social systems; steps to be taken to achieve agreement on principles govern ing international trade relations and trade policies conducive to development; and results of the United Nations Conference on Transit Trade of Land-locked , Countries.

~o The Board aIso received a progress report by the UNCTAD Secretary-Generel in connexion with the assessment of the feasibility of higher rates of growth, and reports of its committees dealing, respectively, with shipp1ng, manufac­ turesand financing related to trade. The Board 15 expected to take further action in various areas o:f i ts work as during its fourth session in Geneva. 38. Establishment of a United Nations Capital Development Fund In 1960, the General Assembly, consid.ering the need for the United Nations to supplement existingplans for capii:ial assistance to the under-developed countries, decided in principle that a United Nations capital development fund should be set up. It established the Committee on a United Nations Capital Development Fund te reccmmend meaSUres to ca:rry out that decision (resolution 1521 (XV) of 15 December 1960). The 1960 decision followed efforts by the Assembly as early aS 1951 to :e

establish a special fund for granés-in-aid for low-interestt long-term loans :- to under-developed countries.. This proposed food, which came to be known as ... the Special United 't~ations Fund for Economie Development (SUNFED), was never eatab1ished. However, in 1957, the Assembly decided to create the United Nations Special Fund, which ia nowa component of the United Nations Deve1op...· ment Programme (UNDP). In response to a re~est by the Assemb1y in 1963 (resolution 1936 (XVIII) • of Il December), the Secretary-General prepared a study (E/3947) of practical steps to tran&form the United Nations Special Fund into a capital development uld fund in such a way as to include both pre-inyestment and investment activitiea.

2 - 42 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

On the Assemb1y's instructions, that study was considered by the 1964 The Commii United Nations Conference on Trade and Deve10pment (UNCTAD) and by the Economic to 16 Septembe:r; and Social Counci1 at its thirty-seventh session. UNCTAD recommended that the Economic and Sc capital deve10pment fund should start operations at an early date, with re­ Members of sources to be derived from voluntary contributions. It also favoured the Argentina, Braz graduel transformation of the Special Fund into a capital development t'und. Ghana, India, l Peru, Sudan, Un However, a number of deve10ped countries opposed these recommendations. The Kingdom, United Counci1 took no formal action. In November 1964, the Committee on the United Nations Capital Development 39• United Nat Fund postponed its preparation of substantive recommendations unti1 the Assem­ In 1961, tl bly considered the views of UNCTAD. as the United NI Last year, by a vote of 60 in favour to 8 aga,inst, with 11 abstentions, to help develop: the Assembly reaffirmed the need for extending United Nations economic assist­ growth rate. ance to the field of investment activities in the developing countries (resolu­ The AssembJ tion 2042 (XX) of 8 December 1965). It urged the economically advanced as the objectiVE countries to take steps to ensure the beginning of the operations of a United Decade. States Nations capital devel~pment fund at an early date. agencies were c~ Thé Assembly also extended the mandate of the Committee, and instructed achieving that S it to make new efforts with a view to reaching a large measure of agreement on The Econom:i the draft legislation (statute) of the capital development fund. The Committee b1y, reviewed tl1 waS requested to bear in mind the alternative proposals for starting operations ninth sessions, through a gradual transformation ofUNDP. considered at th The Assembly invited the Secretary-General to consult with Member States which also made regarding the additional resources 't'lhich shou1d be obtained through voluntary In 1965, th contributions with a view te initiating activities of investment proper. the Development Reporting to the Committee on the results of his consultations (A/AC.102/9 and Secretary-Genera

Corr.l and Add.l), the Secretary-General stated tl1at the number of replies was and developing CI still too limited to al10w him to provide a representative survey of the views towa.:r-ds the Decal of the majority of Member Governments. In resolutic The Assembly also invited the Governing Council of UNDP to consider ways affirmed the urg~ of implementing the UNCTAD recommandation on the transforma.tion of the Special Decade. It CallE Fund. The Governing Council decided in June to postpone consideration of this future action, il matter until January 1967. goals and objectj ly defined. 1

1, .90 - 43 - Press Release GA!3190 1 September 1966

~ The Committee on a Capital Development Fund 1s scheduled to meet from 12 momie to 16 September. It will ~eport to the resumed forty-first session of the ~ the Economie and Social Council and to the twenty-first session of the Assembly. Members of the Committee are: Argentina, Brazil, Burma, Canada, ChilelJ Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, i. Ghana, India, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Sudan, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Republic, United ~he Kingdom, United States and Yugoslavia. 39. United Nations Development Decade ~ment ;;sera- In 1961, the General Assembly unanimously designated the current decade as the United Nations Development Decade. It called for intensified efforts

lS, to help developing countries attain a substantial increase in their economj.c 3ist- growth rate. :lsolu- The Assembly asked each developing country to set its own target, taking as the objective a minimum annual growth rate of 5 per cent by the enq of the Lted Decade. States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies were called upon to pursue policies and take meesures aimed at

~ed achieving that goal (resolution 1710 (XVI) of 19 December 1961). lt on The Economie and Social Council, acting on the instructions of the Assem­ nittee bly, reviewed the operations of the Decade at i ts thirtY-fourth and. thirty­ :ttions ninth sessions, and made .recommendations. The Decade' S objectives were also considered at the 1964 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, :l.tes which also made recommendations. bary In 1965, the Assembly reviewed the progress made up to the mid-point of the Development Decade. It took into consideration the conclusion of the 1 and Secretary-General that the gap between the living standards in the developed

!) was and developing countries had widened instead of narrowing, and that progress lJ'iews tow~ds the Decade's goals had been slow. In resolution 2084 (XX) of' 20 December, the Assembly unanimously re­ !Tays af'firmed the urgent necessity of' attaining the over-all objectives of' the :lcial Decade. It called on the United Nations f'amily ta teke certainsteps regarding this future action, including the establishment of' more comprehensive an~ coherent goals and objectives in appropriate fields where they had not yet been precise­ ly defined. - 44 - Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

The Assembly also asked that a progress report, requested by the Council normally eXCl on the question of future action by the United Nations family, should be trans­ lending terml mitted to the twenty-first session with the comments and recümmendations of the After cc Councile pressed conce That progress report (E/4l96 and Add.1-3) was considered by the Council to the develc at its forly-first session. The report reaffirmed that progress during the recent years. first half of the Decade had been disappointing. It noted that in launching measures to a the Decade in 1961, the Assembly, in addition to the 5 per cent growth rate, adopted by a had aimed at an annual transfer of developmenc capital to the developing coun­ Develope tries equivalent to 1 per cent of the gross national product of the developed secure more Ui countries. Neither of these goals had been achieved, it added. countries and As regards future prospects, the report stated that unless the world United Natiom community was prepared to give a massive neW' impetus to development, it was to take urgen1 unlikely that the Decadels objectives would be achieved by 1970. The Council of easing the noted this conclusion, and reasserted the urgent need for energetic efforts. A report Artel' considering this report, the Council requested the Secretary-General long-term capi to report in 1967 on what preparations were required to facilitate planning for issued in May concerted international action for the period after the Deve10pment Decade, and ceived about $ on how such planning might best be co-ordinated with national development pro.... multilateral al grammes (resolution 1152 (XLI) of 4 August 1966). noted that the 40.. Flow of Capital to Developing Countrie!, product of the

0.65 pel' cent j The General Assemblyts concern with increasing the flow of capital te developing countries dates back to 1950, when the Economic and Social Council of developing c was asked to consider practical methods for achieving the adequate expansion On 5 Augus developed count and steadier flow of such capital (resolutiol1 400 (v) of 20 November). countries on ea In subsequent years, the Assembly has made a number of recommendations on ways of making more public capital from abroad available to the developing Secretary-Gener an advisory ser countrles, of increasing the flow of private investment capital, and of measur­ ing international economic assistance. and on what terl and the other Cl . In 1964, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) to transfer max: ~ :recommended that each economically ad1anced country should supply to developing countries financiel resources approaching, as nearly as possible, 1 per cent of i ts national incorne, and that interest on GQ'ler.nment Ioans should not.

J' tq ... 1 t ....'~*. tilA_ -~n' jl90 - 45 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

>uncil normally exceed :; pel" cent. Governments were urged to consider making their ~ -trans­ 1ending terms substantially more favourable. ) of -the After considering the UNCTAD recommendations in 1965, the Assemb1y ex­ pressed concern that the flow of international assistance and 10ng-term capital mcil to the developing countries had failed to attain the necessary increasein -the recent years. It reiterated its request to deve10ped countries to take urgent :hing measures to achieve the 1 pel" cent target (resolution 2088 (XX) of 20 December, ~ate, adopted by a vote of 83 to none, with 15 abstentions). ~ coun- Developed countries were urged to frame their lending policies so as to ~loped secure more usefu1 an~ progressive financial co-operationwith the developing countries and to ensure greater efficiency in aid programmes. The competent .d United Nations bodies and/or international finaneial institutions were asked was to take urgent steps to ifu~lement the UNOTAD recommendation relating to ways lunci1 of easing the debt service prob1em for developing countries. >rts. A report by the Secretary-General (Ej4170) on the international flowof ·General long-ter.m capital and official donations, covering the years 1961 to 1965, was ling for issued in May 1.966. The report stated that in 1964 developing countries re­ Lde, and ceived about $8,000 million from the developed market-economy countriee and lt pro- multilateral agencies, and about $1,200 million from socialist countries. It noted that the over-a11 ratio of capital flow to the combined gross domestic product of the developed countries had dec1ined from 0.84 pe~ cent in 1961 to o. 65 pel" cent in 1964. The study expressed concern over the rising debt burden of developing countries. On 5 August 1966, the COUllci1 recommended a series of steps by which .sion deve10ped countries could make external resources available to developing countries on easier terms (resolution 1183 (XLI»). It also requested the ons on SecretarY-General. to make two stu~ies -- one on the feasibility of setting up ng an advisory service to provide developing countries with. information as to where measur- and on what terms they might obtain equipment needed for their development, and the other on economie factors a.ffecting the ability of developed countries OTAn) to transfer maximum finaneiaJ. resources ta developing countries. eloping cent - 46 .. Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

Vlith respect to priva-te capital, the Assembly, beginning in 1952, has sought ways of stimulating j.ts flow to developing countries. At the Assemblyl s request, the Secretary-General has prepared a series of reports on the matter and the Council has made recommendations. In 1964, UNCTAD recommended a number of steps to be taken by developed and developing countries and by investors to increase the flow of private capital, and requested consideration of schemes to provide information on investment opportunities. In 1965, the Assembly called on Governments to give due consideration to the UNCTAD recommendations (resolution 2087 (XX) of 20 December, adopted by 78 to l, with 17 abstentions). In 1966, the Secretary­ General prepared a report (E/4l89) on export credits for the financing of capital,goods required by developing countries. The measurement of capital flows has also been of concern to the Assembly ever since it called on the Council in 1957 to consider the question of collecting information on international economic assistance. In 1963, the Assembly requested the Secretary-General to review the conceptual and method­ ological problems posed in the reports on long-ter.m capitalflow and official donations. An expert group appointed by the Secretary-General in response to that resolution produced an interim report in May 1966 (E/417l and Corr.1) setting out tentative proposals for improving the measuremel1t of resource f10ws and suggesting that it be reconvened to prepare more detai1ed recommendations. On 5 August, the Counci1 recommended that the group submit a final report by 1967 (resolution 1184 (XLI)). 41. Activ~ties in Field of Industrial Development The need for changes in the United Nations machinery in the field of industrial development wes recognized by the General Assembly in 196:;. The changes, the Assembly declared, ahould aim at providing an organization which could increase ectivities in thia field, particularîy concerning prob1ems of deveJ.oping countl'ies (reso1ution 1940 (XVIII)). In 1964, the Economie and Social Council recommended the establishment of a specialized agency for industrial deve1cpTh':nt. - 47 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

Last year, the Assembly considered the COlJncil T s recommendation, together with a study prepared by the Secretary-General on the scope, structure and functions of the proposed agency. The Assembly then decided to establish, within the United Nations, an a~tonomous organization for the promotion of industrial developmeüt to ce known as the United Nations Organization for Industrial Development (UNOID). In resolution 2089 (XX) of 20 December, it also decided to set up an Industrial Development Board to serve as the principal organ of UNOID. It also decided tnat the Secretariat of UNOID should be headed by an Sxecutive Directon A 36-member special adl:?~ committee was set up to recommend the necessary operating procedures and administrative arrangements of the new organization. ',' The report (A/6229) of the special con~ittee, known as the Ad Hoc Committee on the United Nations Organization for Industrial revelopment, will be before the ..:-~ssembly~ This contains a draft resolution recommended to the Assembly which embodies statutes providing for the establishment of Ul~OID as an organ of the General ;.ssembly, to function as an autonomous body within the United Nations. The draft statutes also deals with the purpose, functions, administrative and financial arrangements envisaged for UNOID. Under the terms of its 1965 resolution, the Assembly authorized the Secretary-General to appoint the 3xecutive Director of UNOID, but reserved for i tself the right to confirm such an appointment. The Assembly is expected to take action on this question under sub-item (c) of this item. The Assembly will also revj.ew action taken, since the twentieth session, by the Committee for IndustrialDevelopment, the Centre for Industrial Develop­ ment, the 3conomic and Social Council and other United Nations bodies in the field of industrial develo~ment. Such actions include a resolution adopted by the Council at its forty-first session deciding that an Int~rnational Symposium on Industrial Development should be held in 1967. The Council took note of the offers of the Governments of Guatemala and India to act as hosts to the symposium. The Council a1so decided to defer until its resumed session~ a decision regarding the date and site of the symposium. Il rr-.· j'i Il:~ - 48 - Press Release GA/3190 ! 1 l Septcmber 1966 ! 1 ,1 42. Regional Development In vi and the As i-1 f The United Nations Confèrence on Trade and Bevelopment (UNCTAD) called ! At th ! in 1964 ~or two studies: one, to be undertaken by the United Nations Secretarr , 1 of 36 Gove General, on the problems of regional development, and the other, by the UNCTAD i naire and 1 Secretary-General, on the feasibi1ity of estab1ich~ng a fund to aid developing ! One c ! co~ntr~es in finar.cing long-term capital development projects with particular priee inc! ! emphasîs on regional and/or sùb-regional projects (recorrmendations A.IV.9 and 1 parativelJ i110). \ apparent1;) 1 The General ;~ssemoly, vThich vTas to have considered the s.l.bject in 1965, ,! AfteJ 1 cleferred cOllsiderl3.tionu.ntil the twent.f-f~rst session to avTait the necessary j summer 19( ~ reports. ! of inf1at: t appo~nted i An expert committee VTas by the UKCTAD Secretary-Genera1 to i continuin/ 1 examine measures for the expansion of trade among developing countries and ta Decel 1 stùdy the proole~s of regional development. Meeting in February and March 44. 1 t 1966, the committee prodùced a report (TB/B/68 and Add.l and 2) entitled 1 In l' J "Tracte expansion and economic co-operation an:ong develo];:il:g countrie;;;". The being pla \ report ol.:l.tlined various meaSL1res through vThich thJ.5 trade could oe expanded, requested but did not dea1 with the que.stion of' a region31 development fund. sions, an J .... 1:·3 report, requested from the Unlted Nations Secretary-General ls not ations an ;~ i yet available. 1518 (XV) ~ The : ~ 43. Inflation and Economic Development tions in In 1962, the General Assembly recognized that inflationary pressures in .~ regional developin:; countries might result in a serious handicap to economic develop- In l ment, and might help create dangerous soc~al, monetary and economic dis- Secretar~ Il equilibriums. 1 f (s/4075 € The Secretary-General was requested to undertake a study aimed at clari­ 1 considere fying the international relationships involved in this issue and at exploring Il ly bold : methods of dealing effectively with inflation î TI developing countrles. He strengthl was also asked to submit a progress report to the Economic and Social Council IJ ordinati( and the Assembly (resùlution 1830 (XVII) of 18 December 1962). Il The 1 In response to this request, the Secretary-General circulated to Govern­ no actio: ments a questionnairb designed to show the causes of inflation, the impact r its tvTen on the economy, and the ways in which inflationary forces had been handled• 1.. __ 11i"r.

:;e GA/3I90 - 49 - Press Release GA/3190 1966 1 September 1966

In vievT of the small number of' replies received. in 1965, both the Council and the AsseIT~ly postponed consideration of the matter unt~l 1966. \D) called At the twenty-first session, the Assembly yTill have Defore lt the replies ions Secretary:. of 36 Governments (E/4053 and Add.l-4) to the Secretary-General's qûestion­ by the UNCTAD naire and an analysis (3/4152) of the replies. id developing One conclusion of the analysis is tbat while most States have experienced h particular priee increases, serious, overt and self-cwnulating inflation has been com­ .s A.IV.9 and paratively rare. Most States reported only mild inflationary pressures, apparently caused by undue expansion in demand, it :J.dded. After taking note of the 3ecretary-Generall s report, the Council, at its le necessary summer 1966 session, endorsed his suggestion that further work on the subject of inflation and economic development enould ue handled i1~ the context of the ~neral to continuing work on the annual ·Jorld Economic Sûrvey. ntries and ta 44. Decentralization of United Nations ..::Jc:>nomic and Social Activl.ties and lvIarch entitled In 1960, the General Assembly, notin,3 the increasingly important role

ll .tries • The being played by the four regional economic comrnlssions of the Unt. ted Nations 1 oe expanded, reqûested the Secretary-General to strengthen the secretari~ts of the corr~is­ ld. sions, and asked him to report cn the decentralization of activities and oper­ lral is not ations and the increased use of the services of the commissions (resolution 1518 (XV) of 15 Becember). The Assembly and the .ù]conomic and 30cial CÜl.mci1 adoptecl further resol11­ tians in 1961, 1962 and 1963 on the question of stren6theninJ the role of the pressures in regional commissions. amic develop­ In response to the 1963 resolution (1941 (XVIII) of' 11 Decembe:r), the omic dis- Secretary-General submitted the tbird in a series of reports on the subject (s/4075 and Correl). The report declared that decentralization shauld ce ,imed at clari­ considered in the context of changing circumstan'::8s, includinc; the "increasing­ ld at exploring 1y bold initiativesIl of the regional commissions. T:1e need now was to mtrles. He strengthen the secretariat as a whole, and ~o ensure co-operation and co­ Social Council ordination between Headquarters and the regions, the report stated. The 3conomic and Social ~ouncil considered the report in 1965, but ~ook :Lted to Govern­ no action. Last year, the Assembly postponed consideration of the item until 1 the impact its twenty-first d8ssion. been handled. - 50 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966 their nat:

Conve::csiÛl1 to Peacefu1 jJeecls of Resources Re1eased by Disarmament concerned imports, In 1962, the Generu1 Assembly expressed its unanirnous conviction that and forei dizarmamer~t anù the con'.,i,:;rsion of' huge resources to peaceful uses vTOu1d open up The Secre vast op~ortuùit~8s for peaceful co-operation and trade, ensure th8 growth of soverei 3rJ production anù proviue nevr jOlJS for milllons of people (resolution 1837 (XVII) A re of' 18 l..t;;cember). to the Ec The Jecretary-Genera1 has since ueen report~nG annually to the Assembly mining le and. thl~ l~conomic and ..:iocial Counci1 on the status of national and international It also ] act~flty ~u thls fl~lŒ. explorat: ~.fter conslderiu0 the 1965 report, the Assembly expressed the hope tha~ concessi( Gûv~rnrllents vT0ul(1 carry Ol.tt etudies en the economic and social consequences of report b disar~ament anù tranSlllit them to the 3ecretary-General. The Secretary-General un-r.il it was request~~ to cOlitlnue to inform the Assembly of national and international studies (r0s01~tlon 2092 (XX) of 20 Lecember)o J This year's ~eport (Ej4169 and Corr.l and Add.l) incorporates replies The 1 frOlll 31 GOlernmt.:m.ts tù the 3ecretarJ-General' s Cluestionnaire about national ly in de \ i stuûiùs. These replies "reconfirm the conviction that vThatever the transltory "Then it problems tl1at lnight accompany it, disar~ament wauld in the longer rilll be of to this incalculaole u~nefit ta aIl nations and people", states the document. In After noting this report at its sunrrûer session, the Council agreed to a among mE sugGest~ufi by the Secretary-General that future reports on the subject be particu: presonted every two years rather than annually. economi' 46. Perlüan~l1t Snv\::'reigpty Over_~~aturl.ll Resources studies

1962) G In 1952, the General A~semoly reco~nended that 0.11 Member states, in the 1 In exercise of their rlJht freely to exploit their natural resources, should pay conside due reaard, consistent with their sc..Nereignty, to the need for maintaining 1 the Gon the flOi'T of cafitale It also reco~nended that Members refrain l'rom impedi.ng be conè the exerclse of a 3tate's soverelgnty over its resources (resolution 626 (VII) be dise of 21 December 1952). endorsE .·l,fter considering the report of a cmmnission set up in 1958 to survey Asserr.bJ the stat~s of permanent sovereignty over natural resources, the Assembly, in resour( 1962, dec1ared: uThe right of peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty Tl over thelr natura1 wealth and resources must be exercised in the interest of lation: L 1 September 1966 1ease GA/3190 ber 1966 their national development and of the vlel1-"l,Jeing of' the people of the :"::tat0 armament co:r.cerned. 1I The declaration a1so contained provisions re1ating to capital imports, nationa1ization, internaticr~a1 co-operation. for economic de'relopment, viction that and foreign investment agreements (resolution 1803 (XVII) of' 14 Iecemuer 1962). ses vlould open up The Secretary-Genera1 was asked to continue study~ng the question of permanent th8 growth of soverei3nty over natura1 resources. tion 1837 (XVII) A report (E/3840) prepared in response to that resolL1.tion i'Tas suumitted to the Economic and Social Council in 1964. It dealt vTith recent eX8inples of o the As semb1y mining legislation, with particular reference to the deJeloping countr~es. and international It also provided inforrr.ation on the extent of forel;~:.. participation U'l the exploration of certain resources ancl in exploitation arral.'l:;:;ements, and on . the hope thalj concession arrangerr.ents with foreign companies. The Council transmltted the . consequences of report to the Assembly, ilhich in 1965 deferred conslderation of the rr:atter :ecretary- Genera,l unljil its twenty-first session. ~r..d international 47. Population Growth and Economic Bevelopment ~ates replies The close relationship between ecouomic and population problems,especial­ Lbout national ly in developing cOûntries, was recognized by the General Assemûly in 1957, ~r the transitory vThen it J.nvited Ivlember states and United nations bodies to pay close atter)tion 1ger rtUl be of to this interrelationship (resolution 1217 (XII) of 14 December)~ )cument. In 1962, the Assenibly ask.ed the Secretary-General ta conduct an inquiry ~il agreed to a among members of the Un~ted Natior~s and of the spec~alized ager!cies on the ~ subject be particular problems confront~n~ them as a result of the reciprocal action of economic development and population changes. It recommended intens~fied studies and research on this question (resolution 1838 (XVII) of 18 Becember " 1962) • r States, in the In 1965, the Population Commission and the Economic and Social Council rces, shou1d pay considered the results of the inquiry, to which 56 Govexnments replied. On r maintainint3 the Commission's suggestion, the Council recommended that ~uch inquiries should n from impedj.ng be conducted every five years, and that ;roposals for tl16 next inquiry should olution 626 (VII) be discussed oy the Corr~~ssion at its next session in 1967. The Council also endorsed a work programrr.ü for the Population Comnlssion und ca1led the 958 to survey Assen:bly' s attellticn to the 1.lGed to provide the Secrütario.t with the l~ccessary he Assembly, in resources for an expanded proercFJne cf activities. nt sovereignty The 1965 World Population Conference in Belgrade a160 considered the re­ the interest of lationship between economic development and population grov~h. Last year, the Assembly postponed consideration of the item until 1966. i!ilIi!i:'l;_liiO

52 1 l September 1966

CounciJ ~orld Campai~n for Universal Liter~ for pr< r~Gponse In 1963, in to a request made by the General Assembly two yearc for a : ~ducational, earlier, the United Nations Scientific and Cultural Organization 0: (UNESCO) submitted recommendations for a world cmapaign for universal literacy. that t: The UlJEGCO re::çort indicated that more than 7CO million adults, or more than UNESCO two-fifths of the world's pop~lation, were illiterate, and that in many devel­ acy on opinô countries 70 to 90 pel'" cent of the population could neither read nor to ine write. tion :1 After considering this report, the Assembly invited liember States to give 1 '1 i priority to eradicating illiteracy and to assist other countries in this en- agencj 1 deavour (resolution 1937 CCVIII) of 11 December 1963). ef'fori

1 In IJovember 1964, the UNESCO General Conference adopted a five-year promo~ 1 experimental world literacy progrmame (1966-1970). This scheme, to cover not 1 literj '/ more than ei:.rht countries, was to begin in 1966. A plan for the full-scale ! ment: ~ world c~lpaicn would be submitted to the UNESCO General Conference in 1970. in co 4 It \-laS h0ped that the cm.lpaign would reach at least 330 million adults i..'!. the q progr ;t ~ developing world. .i 1 The international aid required durinô the initial three years of the Pahla 'l 1 Experimental phase 'Tas estimated at up to ~ll million annually, to be supplied ditUJ: ;1 throuch the Special lund and the Expanded Programme of Technical Assistance '1 (nov' components of the United Na.tions Development Programme) and the regular resoJ " .~ budget of UHESCO. incrE In 1965, the Assembly unanimously weleomed the UNZSCO literacy progr~~e thoul and invited the other competent speeialized agencies, including the Internation­ inte: al Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as well as the Special Fund, the acy· Technical Assistance Board, and goverp~ental and non-governmental international tian and regional organizations, to combine their efforts with those of UNESCO in putting into effect literacy programmes closely integrated with development in t programmes (resolution 2043 (XX) of 8 December 1965). acy The Assembly also invited Governments "to consider the possibility of Cour increasing, at both the national and the international level. the resources 81­ T,olo located ta literacy programmes"" Finally, i t requested the Economie and Social appJ of , - 53 - Press Release GA!3190 Release GA/3190 l September 19f~ tember 1966

Council and regional economic commissions to study the r.lost appropriate measures for promoting the effective integration of literacy in development, and asked ~ssembly two yearc for a report on the implementation of the resolution. Gural Organization On 26 July 1966, the Economie and Social Council noted with appreciation universal literacy. that the experimental mmsco programme had begun to te implemented, and invited ts, or more than UNESCO to "begin an objective :md syste!.1atic Evaluation of the impact of liter­ that in many devel­ acyon develoJ;ment". It also invited orc;anizations in the United TJations family either read nor to inc1ude literacy projects in their procrmûmes, where appropriate (resolu­ tion 1128 (XLI»). mber States to give The Council also invited members of the United !Jations or of speeia1ized .tries in this en- agencies to take account, vlithin the framework of international assistance efforts, of the priorities established by receivin~ countries in respect of the d a five-year promotion of functional literacy. It ir~vited States faced l'lith il major il-, iheme, to coyer not literaey problem ta inteerate thcir ndult education proarammes in their develop­ lr the fu11-scale ment pl~ns, to give suitable priority te the promotion of functional literacy lference in 1970. in connexion with vocational training, and to include in national investment .lion adu1ts ii."l. the programmes funds for the promotion of functional literacy. The Council welcomed the initiative of the Shah of Iran, l:ohammaù Reza =e years of the Pahlavi, in donating to UNESCO the equivalent of his countryls military expen­ :ù1y, to be supplied diture for one day (:~700, 000), for use in ccmbating illitcracy (A 'r";25). lnical Assistance In a report to the Council on the implementation of the 19G5 Assembly 3) and the regular resolution (E/4214), mmsco stated that the number of adult illiterates had increased during the first halt of the United nations Deve10J;ment Decade, 81­ literacy program~e though efforts to promotc literacy had reduced the percentaGe. It called for llding the Internation- intensified efforts to educate adults. The rer-o~t said that functional liter­ Special Fund, the acy programmes were intended to contribute to the achievement of industrializa­ nmental international tien, modernization of agriculture and other economic objectives. those of UNESCO in The report listed 45 countries which had expressed a desire te participate . with development in the UNESCO progranmle. It noted that the first three pilot ~unctional liter­ acy projects -- in Algeria, Iran and r:a1i -- had been approved by the Governing ,e possibility of Couneil of the United Nations Development ProGramme (m~DP) in Janua.ry 1966. 'el. the resources al­ Two more projects -- in Ecuador and the United Republic of Tanzania -- were le Economie and Social approved in June. The total cost of the five projects ie more than ~22 million, of which $6.1 million is to be contributcd by UND? A further report by UNESCO is to be submitted to the Assenlbly. "",._.IIII.MI.NUI••_'IIiIl'__~_-,,,Siit,,,,ti!JI!...... i!iiiriii:~,,:'§.-ii.:t::::i';-f'''';--'':;;-~~1''::.-~-:;:~'.~~7~;::~_;''.. .~'":"'"~~=~~~~-::::::::'::::Z!:;:;;:;:::"'''"::>.... ""'""_

i ~1 1 - 54 - Press Release GA/3190 !, l September 1966

49. Institute for Training and Research

f'l.t the request of the General .\sscr;1bly, the United nations Institute for TraininG und Reseurch (UHITAR) vlaS established in 1965. Its functions are: (1) to train persons, especially l'rom developing countries, for assignments ';;552. with the United nations family of organizations or with their own national ~l :..: services; and (2) to conduct research and study related to the functions and objectives of the United IJations. As set up, UIUTAR is an autonomous institution "Tithin the framework of the United Nations. It is i'inanced through voluntary contributions l'rom govern­ mental and non-governmentul sources.

In 1962, the Assembly had expressed belier that the provision and train- th~ ing of personnel of the highest calibre, particularly from the deve10ying , liember States, for national and United Nations service ",ere important to ful­

l, fil the objectives of the Development Decade. It asked the Secretary-General 1 to study the possibility of establishing an institute for this purpose (resolu- SciS 1 tion 1827 (:~VII) of 18 December 1962). t s~s 1 The Economie and Social Council endorsed, in 1963, the broad lines of the 5C. J Secretary-General1s plan for such an institute. That year, the Assembly asked 1

l the Secretary-General to t~ce steps to set it up and to explore sources of f,; ~ financial assistance (resolution 1934 (J{VIII) of 11 December 1963). UNIT<~ l The 2l-member Board of Trustees of met for the first time in l!;arch 1 Tee .j 1965, and the Statute of the Institute was promu1gated by the Secretary-General r , ~ in November. 1 The Executive Director of UI1ITAR, Gabriel d1Arboussier, reported to the a~d j.,j Bconomic Social Counci1 (n/4200) this summer that the Institute has taken in ~ over three training programmes previously condu~ted by the United Nations i11 1 ! Secretariat: one for foreign service officers from newly independent countries; of another proeramme in techniques and procedures of technical assistance; and a training programme in development financing.

,,1 The Institute is no,., organizing tvlO new programm.es: training for ·, Deputy Resident Representatives of the United Nations Develo~ment Programme, and a seminar on major problems of United Nations technical assistance. It f will also administer the Adlai E. stevenson l1emorial fellowships, granted by f the United states Government. 55 Release GA!3190 .. 55 - eptember 1966

ltions Institute for [ts functions are: B~r 25 July 1966, 0..- C !..l.t y3, 5CC, Geo 11ad Ud\Jn rll..::u..,::c.:d u,y 68 Uo~' \Jrl..r,;Jùtz ~ld s, for assignments ~552, COC 'uy llüù-6o\;errun~ntal :lor.ors. Th..;,: InstJ.t.;.t...: 1:; 1~66 budet..:'t te...tals 1eir own national ;;1 l•• .:.ll~on, 1E;~CL.l.S';'Vè of .p3CC ,CCO ~;,lP1Jl.!.l.,)j ..l.r~J~r Ur..;,t...-;:.i IrutJ.GÙC t\Jel-J.ld{~:ll ::> the functions and

f'z..,r cor..tr.J.°()J.tior~s (r~solutJ.0n 2044 (XX) of 8 D-:C'';lJJl;0r 1~65). n the framework of Cn 29 Jt.Ùy 1966, tü~ .c;conur:l.:.c al~iJ. :Joc.J.ul 0ÇUl"<'~.il ·Jx.t:'r~ss\Ju. 1.101;..;,: th~'0 tributions from govern- .::-.J.;.lil3rS of thcl United IJations faIni.l.i (.1' orjar"J.zat..."r.s ;'lC Ùd r:;u,k\J lr.:..l.;{j;U..U:l

provision and train­ th~ ..lJ.•port(;;"rlce of co-ord.inut.l.l1G th...: work of UHI'r..H i-l.l."til that cf s .... 1..... 1u.r ':'h::; ti­ m the deve10~ine t"lt~s ln thB United iJat.iOÜs fo.ml1.:/ (r8zolJ.t.iOl: 113h (ALI)). :re important to ful­ The Jecratary-GE:nùral rt.::1Jorts armually te. tn._~ ;.sz\?li;uly :.tr..'i tüu ::') mcil ()fi ;he Secretary-General tha 1wrk of mJITAR.. The r~.f'ort to the .•sSB1l1ûly vTJ.l1 i~"': .J.ôs J.ti.l.l uft...:;;' th·; to.l:i::'ti! . this purpose (resolu- S~ss.î.Ol:" of the Board vf Trustees, schèdûlBc1 fo;;, 14-16 3 10;1_ tt?1tJL0l'. (lrh~ th.... r'l sdss.î.on lliet 24-25 March.) ;he broad 1ines of the 1 \ Cperational Actifit.î.es for Bevelopmclnt tr, the Assembly asked 5e. ~xplore sources of ) (a) Acti.,ities of the Un].ted Nations Developr::0nt FrO{;r~ilJi:e .1ber 1963). In 1949, the General Assembly approved plans for an ~Xpal!d0d FrOaral;Jy. ..: of' le first time in 1,1arch Technical ;.. ssistance (EPr..·.), in 'which tha UnJ.. ti~6. Nations and th0 sJ.Jec .... allzèù r the Secretary-General agenc.l.es Viere to comblne their efforts to ass.J.st the econcm.i..c d~leloI-n,e~.t !;.f deve1opJ.n,:; countl"ies (resolution 304 (IV) of 16 l'JO"l-;ll1ûer). ter, reported to the To supplement this progralune UJ' a scheme vlhich wou.la J;tr'J,; Idl3 pre­ a Institute has taken investment assistance ·\:,o relat.î.vely larGe developmel.1t projectE, the Ass~rat)ly, he United Nations in 1958, established the Uniteù Nations SpecJ.al !t"und (rl3so1ut.it)r~ 1240 (AIII) y independent countries; of' 14 Octol)er). cal assistance; and a Effecthre 1 January 1966, the t,·ro programmes 'Hère combln8d J.1'" th8 Ua .... tl3Ù Nations te-:elo:plllent Progranl1.1e (UNrp) (resolution 2029 (XX) of 22 NO\,'t:mHJt::r 1965~ training for PolJ.cy for the UNDP is set lY,/ the 37-1tember Govl3lilinci Counc1.1, w·h ..... ch also velopment Programme, approves pro~iects and al10cates funds. The Council held its fJ..rst sessiCL cal assistance. It froll1 la to 21 January 1966 at Headquarters (re:r;.ort in .15/4150), and its second lowships, granted by fram 8 to 24 June in i.lilan (.èJ/4219). A brief session is planned for Novel.•cl..:r. - 56 - Press Release GA!3190 l September 1966

The current progrannne of the Special Fund component of the UNDP consists As an outl of 657 projects in 137 countries and territories, at an estimated cost of }Jel'iü1ental Hor: $1,565.3 million. Of this total, the UNDP is contributing $644.5 million and , nations and FAI the recipient Governments the equivalent of $920.8 million. One hundred and total resource thirty-seven projects were approved in the first year under the UNDP. needs and carr Of the $109,969,000 authorized for the technical assistaûce component of 1 ment. It "ras t the UNDP for the biennium 1965-66, a total of $48,763,763 was expended in tary contrilJut 1965. About 2,500 projects were in operation in 140 countries and territories. 1 ..\ 2095 (XX) of 2 The Administrator of the Programme, Paul G. Hoffman, informed the ~conomic 1 At the sa and Social 80uncil in July that 1966 pledges totalled approximately $160 mil­ Assembly calle 1 lion, compared with the target of $200 million established by the Assembly in

( ment of m1.-,l til 1 . 1 1965. on Trade and D (b) Activitles Undertaken by the Secretary-General of modifying t countries. 1 A year before it authorized the establishment of EFTA, the Assembly de- \ Last year \ cided to appropriate fLmds to permit the 3ecretary-General to SD:pply teams of which would be .[ experts, offer fellovrships and organize seminars to promote economic develop- l Nations auspic 1 ment (resolution 200 (Ill) of 4 December 1948). be undertaken ,j Activities under this scheme, which have come to be known as the United suggest alterlJ :~ Nations Regular Programme Of Technical Assistance, have cost $6.4 million a As reques I{ year. Thet!:conomic and Social Council has recommended that the Assembly j Add.l) to the j appropriate the same amount for 1967, under the regular United Nations budget ,') arrangements 11 J (resolution 1120 (XLI) of 18 July 1966). A report by the Secretary-General line of the st '1 on this prograw~e appears in DP!RP!l and Add.1-3). ~ ,3 The Council rE :;~ Besides the regulè:Lr prograllnne, operational activities of the United report on the l~ Nations include its participation in EFTA, Special Fund projects for which it ,~ ;: tion 1149 (XL] l' is the executing agency, and funds-in-trust operations. Victor Hoo, United 15. !: Nations Commissioner for Technical Assistance, informed the =conomic and Social 52. Review oj ! [ Council in July that these activities in 1965 had involved expenditures and Last yea:r obligations of $34 million, and increase of $1.1 million over the 1964 total. for a thorougl 51. Programme of Studies on Multilateral Food Aid the great inc] nomic, social Since the end of ~vorld :lar II, the General Assembly has concerned i tself The Gene] with ways of overcoming food shortages. In 1960, the Assembly called for a resolution, te study by the Food and Agric'J.lture Organization (FAO) of the feasibility of General at thE multilateral arrangements to distribute surplus foodstuffs to places where conclusions al they were most needed (resolution 1496 (XV) of 27 October). GA/3190 166 - 57 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

? consists As an outgrowth of this study, the Assembly, in 1963, initiated the ex­ )st of ::;>el'imental ;'Torld Food Programme ('.1B'P) as a joint ur:dertaking of the United Lllion and nations and FAO (resolution 1714 (XVI) of 19 December). This scheme, with ldred and total resources of ~93.6 million in the three-year period, met emergency food J .. needs and carried out pilot projects using food as an aid to economie develop­ nponent of ment. It was extended on a eontinuing basis in 1965, with a target for volun­ led in tary contrilJutions of *275 million in the three-year period' 1966-68 (resolution berritories. 2095 (XX) of 20 ~eeember). the Economie At the same time that it established the ~orld Food Programme, the $160 mil- Assembly called for further studies to aid in considering the future develop­ ssembly in ment of m~ltilateral food progralmnes. In 1964, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reeorr~ended that attention be paid to the possioility of modifying the vTFP in arder ta benefit 80th faod-exporting and food-deficient eountries. embly de­ Last year, the Assembly called for a study of the rr.eans and polieies y teams of which would be required for large-scale lilultilateral action, under United c develop- Nations auspices, ta combat Imnger effectively. The object of the study, to be undertaken by the Secretarf-General in co-operation '-lith FAO, vTOuld De to he United suggest alternative types of action (resolution 2096 (Xx) of 20 December 1965). illion a As requested by the Assemoly, the Secretary-General reported (.::,/4210 and embly Add.l) ta the ~conomic and Soclal Cauncil at its sumner 1966 session on the ons budget arrangements made for undertakinG the study. The report included a draft out­ -General line of the study and stated that the c,mpleted l'aper sho:l1d be ready in 1968. The Council re~uested the 3ecretary-General ta suumit in 1967 a preliminary nited report on the first results obtained in the preparation of the study (resolu­ r which it tion 1149 (XLI) of 4 August 1966). , United c and Social 52. RevievT of Functions of the .Ji:concmic and Social Council ures and Last year, the ::::;conomic and Social Council drevT attention to the necessity 964 total. for a thorough review and reappraisal of its role and functions as a result of the great increase in the activities of the United Nations family in the eco­ nomic, social and human rights fields (resolution 1091 (XXXIX) of 31 July 1965). ned itself The General Assembly, at its twentieth session, considered the Councills .ed for a .lity of resolution, together with a report (A/6109), prepared by the Secretary­ General at the Councills re~uest, setting forth the Secretary-Generalls views, ~s where conclusions and reconmendations. LUJilII._Z •

- 58 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

The Assembly then unanimously asked the Secretary-General to submit de­ "Till continue tailed proposaIs on ways in which the Counc~l might adapt its procedures and terms of the working rr.ethods so as to enable it effectively to fuIfiI its role. The pro­ years as of l posaIs, it stipulated, should take into account the coraments and suggestions In a rel made by Member states at the Council1s thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth sessions, scZ'utiny of t and at the twentieth session of the Assembly (resolution 2097 (XX) of rights fields , 20 December 1965). resources ~re In a report to the Council (E/4216), the Secretary-General noted that a to submit eac number of developments sinee the Council began reappraising its role had cor.­ incJ.uding prE siderably changed the picture. Perhaps the ffiOSt significant of these, he Rnd a summarj said, had been the enlargement of the Council. He expressed the opinion that subsidiary bc the Council needed time to assess, perhaps over several sessions, the effects The Cour of the reforos introduced, and to judge on a pragmatic basis to what extent the importan< they should be modified in the light of experience. Nations work The Secretary-General made recorr~endations deslgned to secure a better Secretary-Gel balance betvTeen the spring and summer sessions of the Council; for more private fields and t< consultations amon3 delegaticns, with the aid of the Secretariat; and for 53. General closer relations with inter-governrr.ental organizations outside the United Nations family. He also r0called previous proposals to reduce the volume and At the' enhance the effectiveness uf documentation, and to establish a pattern of proposed a g biennial rather than annual meetings of most subsidiary bodies. Nations fami After considering the3e recommendations, the Council decided, on 5 August fields. 1966, to rearrange its programrae of work (resolution 1156 (XLI). In future, In a dr it will hold a session in the second quarter of each year, devoted primarily Tobago, and to considering the work prograrrroe of the Unitei Nations and reports of its review and rr. furlctional commissions and committees, and a second session in the third of the work quarter, devoted to the discussion and formulation of major economic and The Ass social policy, co-ordination of activities of the United Naticns family, and session (res the reports of the regional economic commissions. Anothel The Council also made modifications in the pattern of conferences of its Council at i subsidiary bodies. It decided that most of its functional commissions and the 1967, 't'lithir Charter (reE Committee on Housing, Building and Planning should meet bienniall~r beginning of the Ad Hl 1968. The Commission on Ruman Rights, the Commission on Social Development and the Commission on the Status of Women were exempted from this change and and the Spe< of such a rE ! GA/3190 - 59 - Press Release GA/3190 .966 l September 1966

mbmit de- will continue to meet annually. Further, the Council decided to lengthen the ;dures and terms of the members of the cOITùnisslons and of the Hûusing COlr~ittee ta four The pro- years as of 1 January 1968. ..tggestions In a related action, the Council decided on several 5teps to improve its 1th sessions, scZ'utiny of the Unlted Nations vrork programme .î..r.l. the econûmic, social and human of rights fields, so that it might better correlate the prograrr.me with available resources (resolution 1177 (XLI) of 5 August). It asked the Secretary-General ted that a to sucmit each spring reports on the programme and its budgetary implications, le had con­ including preliminary information on lJudget estirr.ates for the succeeding year hese, he and a sumn~ry of the financial implications of the recorr~endations of its pinion that subsj.diary bodies. the effects The Council also adopted a resolution (1176 (XLI) of 5 .tl.ugust) recognizing .at extent the importance of improvin6' and maklng more effectiv0, information on United Nations work in the economic, social and humal: rights fields. It re~uested the ~ a better Secretary-General to study the Organizationls information activlties in these ~ more private fields and to suggest measures ta illiprove them. and for 53. General Revie,v of Pror;r~r:;mes and Activitles of the United Nations Family ; United ; volume and At the twentieth sessior. of the General Assembly, six developing countries tteI'll of proposed a general review of the programmes and activities of the United Nations family in the economic, social, technical co-operation and related

, on 5 August fields. In future, In a draft resolution, Ecuador, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Trinidad and d :tJrimarily Tobago, and Uganda suggested that a committee be appointed. to undertake sû.ch a tE of its review and make appropriate recoIDmèndations for increasing the effectiveness e third of the work of the United Nations system in these fields (A/C.2/L.814/Rev.l). mic and The Assembly postponed discussion of the proposal ta its twenty-first ~ecember family, and session (resolution 2098 (XX) of 20 1965). Another proposal for such a review wes made to the Economic and Social

surrill~r 'ences of i ts Council at its session. The Council decided to study the question in ,sions and the 1967, within the framework of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Charter (resolution 1173 (XLI) of 15 August 1966). It noted that the report .~r beginning levelopment of the Ad Hùc Committee of 3xperts to 5xamine the Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies (see item 81 below) might coyer certain aspects l change and of such a review. - fa - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

54. Internatlonal Tourist Year

Thl3 pror::0tion of .i.nt~rnu"cir;llal toUr..LSrtl has oeeu before the United Nations In 19 lnvited th slnce 1946, wh.;1'1 the 1ccr:.omic and Socif:l.l Councll took steps to convena a COll­ f'erE:r..ce on pascports und frof"tl.:::r 1'ormallties. In 1963, a United Hat.Lons work of Un CC,inf'(:::c~r;.ce on Intern:J.ti(!r:.ul Tr:l.vel and TourisliÎ, meetlr~g in Rome, reccmmel1ded (resolutio a njJ.mLJ~r )f measurcs to "he takcn by Govcrnmcnts to facilitate int0rnational In De trf..lV'::'Ü ana develop tourism. These recorr,mendatlvns were endorsed by the Councll. ,:5ocial Con: In 1965, the Internaticnal Union of Off'ic.!.al Tru·.,rel OrganizatJ.ons (IUCTC), role of th direct the [1 nor:-~o l~rD:Ger;t:.ll orJan.!. zatlorl \'7iü~h has co-operated vlith the United Nations in trll; prolTlütitJ!l of tOJ.rîSla, :;xyressl:::ld. the v7ish that the Un.Ltl~d Nations de­ portin,3 arJ ll developlnl3 signat.:.: 1967 ~s llIntern~t..LmT.;.l.1 Tc,.l.rlst Year • By a vote of 22 te nOlle, VTith 2 ::wstention3, the '::;cenomic and SocJ.al creative :i Couhcil rclC01:.I;,;.ended that th~ General AsselablJ adopt this suggestion (reso­ and the sj Iv.tian lle8 (XL) of 7 l,rarcl! 1966). I:~dicatin.J a year to internatJ.onal tourisrr., the achie\ i t sto.te.l, "ivould 1'aeilitatl.E: LmdèrstandlI'ig amon3 peoples everywhere, promote In M~ ..l.nternationa1 co-operatiOl_ ln ,jeneral an..1 lead to a greater avlareness of the nevl guide]

l ciples laj wealth of the dlff~rent civilizations· • The Co~ncil noted VTith satisfaction that IUCTO v70J.ld report ta lt later on preparations for the observance of th.;; prioritiel year. orJani ZCl: . On 26 Jùly 1966, the ~conoffiic and 30cial Council invited members of the reent. ThE r United IJat.i.ûLs or of' th~ sJ;J0cio.lized :.l.jencies, as vlell as the various organ­ 29 July (: 1 lzations cOLcerued, te taxe acco~nt of proposals (E/42l8) maûe by IUOTO for The J [3ituation 1 the pro~otion Qf tour.!.sm, in particular to developlnJ countries (resolution reports p: 1 1130 (XLI)). tion and 1 , î 55• ~Jorld. ::lacial 3it uatlon appraise 1 .ùaCll yt:3ar, the General Assemblyts Th~rd Committee (30clal, Humanitarian It conclu ·1 and Culturul) re'lievls social conditions and trends throughout the world, as closer id : ·1 , 1 well as United Nations policies and prograrrmes in the social sphere. the devel and in an II! The Assembly '\07ill examine the vl0rk oi' the ..:1conomic and Social Couneil in the social field, as described in the Council's annual report (to be social ch issued as document A/6303). Two of the main aspects of this worlc during the to move t past year h:;"/8 üeen the reappraisal of the role of the Social Commission and The the 196 Lj Report 011. the Horld Socia.l Situation. session j !ase GA!3190 ~r 1966 - hl - Press Rc:1case G/\/3190 1 September 19(6

th~ United Nation3 In 1965, on the reCOlIJillEm.dat.Lon of' the 30ciul CClI.wlnsiol1, Councl1 Invited the Commission to re-examln8 the role .Lt shou1d play "(11 thll1 th'3 franm .. ~onvena a C011- ,mrk of United IJations prograrrlll133 in arder ta r.1eGt the Llced::; of 1,1emter 3tat8s ~d Hat.l.ons (resolution 1086 .:; (XXXIX) of 30 July). , reccmmended una~llmo~Gly l.te:rnational In December 1965, th0 Assembly r8quested the CouLcll aLl the 130cial COrilnission ta beur certail'"1 prir...ciples in rilinù vl!ll..m they cor~sidered the d by the COi..tricll. Ii role of the United IJatiOJ: ... s in the social fieln. J~mor~g these 'Tere the need "to zatlons (IUCTC), 1 United Nations direct the main efforts of the United Nations .Ln the soclal field towards sup­ portin3 and strengthening independent soclal and economic delelopr.ent in the l Natlons de- ll developlng countries , 'the ueed ta n:olJillze national resû:.lrCGS and to encourage and ;:,oc J.a1 creative initiatives of all ~eoples for the achievement of soclal pr0ciress, ;tion (reso­ and the significance of adeÇLù.ate structural social and eco!!omlc chanciGS for 1atlona1 tourisr.;, the achievement of proeress (resolution 2035 (XX) of 7 LecelUüer 1965). rlhere, promote In May 1966, at its seventeenth session" the Jocial CCJITùnission approved new guidelines for Uniteù Nations vlork in tho social field, based on the prin­ 3.rer...ess of the ciples laid dOvTn by the Assemuly in th:i.s resol\).tiol1. It also establishf.:::d h satisfaction servance of th..:; prioritles for .l.ts work and maùe certain recorrmendations OL its OVrrl role and orJanizaion, includinci its redesi~nation as the Cou~ission for 30cial Bevelop­ Corr~issionls members of the ment. The recommendations were approved by the Council on various organ- 29 July (resolution 1139 (XLI)). The Assembly will also deal with the lq~S R~~0rt ~n ~h~1'krld So~inl i by IUa:rO for Situation and Add.1-3). This is the latest in a Geries of bicnnia1 !s (resolution (E/cN.5/402 reports prepared by the Secrl:tariat sinee 1955. It dcals mainly with motiva­ tion and popular participation in development. It reeommends that Gov~r~ents appraise obstacles in the 1vay of local and national efforts at d~veloFment. L, Humanitarian It concludes that thcre is nced for sueh meaRures as cducational reform. a the wor1d, as closer identification of university studentR w:i.th t.he tasks (lf developmcnt. sphere. the development of local leadership, the training of offici.als in management ~cia1 Counci1 and in an understanding of the factors affecting popular participation in ort (to be Gocial change, ano incentives which will induce workers to acquire skills ar.d work during the to move to where they are most needed. . Commission and \ The report was considered by the Social Cow~ission at its seventeenth 1 session in April and May (the COlnmission's report is in E/4206 and Add.l) and 1 Press Release GA/3l90 1 September 1966

56. Rel by the ~conomlc and Social Council, "Thich adopted a resolution (1143 (XLI)) Thl on the matter on 29 July. The Council in-,'ited the Commission to pursue i ts came in- work ln the field of popular partici~ation in development. It also invited present the UnIted Bations organizations concerned to consider intensifying their ef­ is Prinl forts to assist d~~eloplnG countries in building up lncentives which would In corr~it the labour force to higher prcductivity, and to assist thoac countrles (A/63ll in reorientin~ their educational systems as means of promoting desirable social refugee: chan3c and greater ~artici~ation in development. increasi ~üth reGard to hO'lsing, anothp.r subject dealt "Tith in the Councills report, shiftin the Council on 5 August 1966 ap~roved in principle the establIshment in India l Du: of an International Institute for Documentation on Housing, Building and materia: Planning (reaolution 1166 (XLI) of 5 August). It requested the Secretary­ benefit· General to draw up proposals for Increasing the flow of funds to housing and amounte( cornraunity fa.cilities programmes (resolùtion 1170 (XLI) of 5 August). It also Thl recommended steps to increase the training of personnel in the field of housinb refugee: and called for further studies of the social aspects of housing. 1 countril 1 In addition ta the Councills report, the Assembly will have before it a l, their Cl progress report by the Secretary-General on a review of guidelines for inter­ Th national action in the social field. A set of guidelines wa3 approvp.d by the 1965: Economie and Social Council in 1953 in a resolution (496 (XVI) of 31 July) and the providing for a "concerted programme of practical actü.Y'l in the social field". Republil Ten years later, after noting the unsatisfactcry progress made in raisinG PortugUi levels of living in areas '\-There the need VlaS greatest, the Assembly asked the 48,000 : Council to review its 1953 guidelines (resolution 1916 (XVIII) of 5 December Republil 1963) • Angolan A further matter before the Assembly will be the question of whether to In prepare a dcclaration on social development. In its 1965 resolution, the non-set' Assembly decided ta consider at its twenty-first session the possibility and Ma. advisability of preparing Buch a declaration, which "Tould be based on the pur­ numberel poses and principles of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, and 58,000 1 the resolutions of the Assembly and the Council. The declaration would lay At do,Vll broad lines for the objectives of social development and for the means Commiss of achieving it. Background information on this matter will be submitted by to ~~4. 2 the Secretary-General to the Assembly. Commiss far rec elease GA/3190 - 63 - Press Release G~/3l90 mber 1966 1 3eptember 1966

56. Report of the United Nations Hi~h Commissioner for Regu~ ln (1143 (XLI)) The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) l to pursue i ts came into existence in 1951 on the initiative of the General Assembly. Its :t also invited present mandate extends until 31 December 1968. The current High Commissioner :ifying their et­ is Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan of Iran, eleeted by the Assembly in 1965. lS vlhich would In his annual report covering the period 1 April 1965 to 31 March 1966 i those eountries (A/63ll), the High Commissioner stated that, because of the "proliferation of tg desirable social refugees in sorne regions of the world", the Ivork of his Office had constantly increased in scope. At the same time, he added, "its nerve centre has been le Couneil1s report, shifting from Europe tm'lards Africa and Asia" • .lshment in Indic. During 1965, accordinG to the report, UTmCR, under current projects, gave ~uilding and material assistance to 240,OCO refugees as against 175,000 in 1964. Of those jhe Seeretary- benefitting, nearly 210,000 were in l\.friea, where the total refugee population ) to housing anù amounted to 575,000. (Later estimates put the total at 650,000.) ~ugust ) .. It also The High Commissioner's Office facilitated the repatriation of 1,271 le field of housin::; refugees, while 7,510 persons receiving UNHCR aid were resettled in other Lng. countries. 11ell over 200,000 received assistance towards local settlement in lave before i t a their countries of refuge. üines for inter­ The report identified the following major groups of refugees in Africa in ; approvpd by the 1965: l60,coo TIwandese in Burundi, the Democratie Republic of the Congo, Uganda c) of 31 July) and the United Republic of Tanzania; 78,000 Sudanese in the Central African Ghe social field". Republic, the Democratie Republic of the Congo and Uganda; 50,000 from 3S made in raisin~ Portuguese Guinea in Senegal; 17,000 from ~ozambique in Tanzania and Zambia; 3sembly asked the 48,000 from the Democratie Republic of the Congo in Burundi, the Central African [) of 5 :Cecember Republic, the United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda, and a large number of Angolans in the Democratie Republic of the Congo. :m of whether to In Europe, 10,500 newly recognized refugees were added to the 14,700 301ution, the non-sett1ed !lold" refugees. possibility and Major groups being aided in Asia included Chinese refugees in tracao, who based on the pur­ numbered 80,000 last year; 20,000-30,000 Cubans in latin America, and 52,000­ ad ageneies, and 58,000 Tibetans in Nepa1 and India. 3.tion would lay At its fifteenth session in Nay, the Executive Committee of the High d for the means Commissioner1s Programme raised the target figure for the 1966 current programme be submitted by to 1~4.2 million, or $700,000 above the 1965 target (A/AC.96/334). The High Commissioner informed the Economie and Social Council in July that p1edges so far received were about $1 million sbort of this target. - (4 - Press Release GA / 3190 1 September 19f6

Tnc UrütE:d IJu.tir.Jrls bc.dJ I;r.Lr.:ar.l.ly Cf )flC0rned vT1th the promotion of immeü l 3

rlJ:hts 1:::; tl.l8 Comm1s;üon on th.:: ..;tUtl..1.S of -domen, cstatlished il" 1946 ta rr.3.k,:~ rt:(~01;J1r;(:V.1atjJ)rJ.:3 "Tith rC8pr::ct to "Tomen'e rit:htc in the political. civil, cocü;.l, IJconomic and e:clucation!J.l 1'i r:Üds. Thu GlJr1l.~ral .::.SS01übly, irl resolu.tion 1921 (XVIII) of 5 I:ecember 1963, re- (l.;.est~ü th~ _.e_lJ.o(;.ir~ and J0ci~.il Council tc; irdi te the CCrI;missüY,Jl1 the Statu3 58. cf ,IOlfit::lrl ta !J!'epure '.1 ir:..ü't d.~clar:lt.L)r~ or:. tht~ 0li{a:~11a tl-::ll1 of dl..:lcrin1inatior. uJ~1inst women. The AOSUTi:t..:ly a1.~o Invi t~d. Go lerr:U811ts of I/ëmb\5:r states, the

specialized !J.~\.mc1t:!s :mi ::LpproprJ.ut8 gOl1-governmer...tal orJanLzations to s\3nd "to affj yi the 3ecr~tG.:cY-Gen~ral tlleir COIiJ::tJnts ':trl'.i proposals rê1atJ.nJ to the prirlcipl\~s [ forn that miJht IA3 incorporated ill the draft declaratioll. At i ts ei;jhteenth sess10r:.. (I.~arch 1965) the Comi~iission had before l t the tior corr.mel1ts und proposals r,-;c-=:i v~d t'rom 30 Goverm[l~nts, four specialized ageuc.l.eG alltl 15 non-goiermnelltal or3anizat.i.ons (iJ/CH.6/426 and. Adc.l.l and 2). aIl reql. A 12-mAmb~r draftin~ nc~mitt0e prcpured a text o~ the draft Declaration, and which thp Co~mission considprGd nt itR ninetcpnth sesRion in February and GOVE r:arch 1966. It adoptr:-d a rcvised tcxt on P, !~arch. cone On 26 July, the Economie and Socinl Co~nci1 transmitted to the Assembly 'Vitl the draft Declaratiùn approvcd by the Cc~miGGion, alonc with amendments submit­ tpd by India, the Soviet Union and the United states (resolution 1131 (XLI)). The àraft Declaration (A/6349) states that: 196: DiscrimInation based on sex ls fundamentally unjust and constitutes to i an offence aga.inst hun:an cligllity; the AIl appropriate !neasures shall 'be taken to aLoiish existing laws, customs, regulations G.nd practices vThich are dJ.scrlminatory against vlO!r.en, and to estaùlish adeq,uate legal protection for equal rights of men and vromen; AlI appropriate reeasures shall be to.k8U to educate public opinion morE and direct national aspirations towards the eradication of prejudice against women; imp: Measures shall be taken to ensure to women the ri3ht to vote and to hold public office; 1'lon:en sho.ll have the same rights as men to acquire, change or re­ tain their nationality; Women shall have equal civil rights, such as all the rights sur­ rounding inherited ~roperty, the right to freedom of movement, the right to choose domicile and residence, and the right to equality in legal capacityj 1 September 1966 3S Release GA/3l90 ~ptember 1966 The principle of eauality of statue of husband and wi~e shall be ensured· Ir. Against Homen ) Child marriagG shall be prohibitedj promotion of ~mm.~ü' s AlI provisions of penal codes which constitute discrimination against led il~ 1946 ta m:1k.:;; women shall be repealedj .tica1. civil, cocit.l, All measures shall be tal~en to combat traffic in women and exploi­ tation of prostitution of womenj and ~Jomen r~- shall be granted equal educational, economic and social rights. 1 Lecember 1963 J lissiry ;)11 th2 Statua 58. ~limin~~ion of AlI Forms of Racial Discrimination l of dJ-scriminat.Lor. (a) 1.:easureLto Implement Dec1a:rution al!ainst Racial Discrimination 'ember States, the On 20 ïTovember 1963, the General Assembly, in resolution 1904 (;CVIII), mlzations ta send ~o affirmed the need for the speedy e1inination or racial discrif'lination in all L3 to th~ prillcipl,~s forms and manifestations. The resolution incorporates an Il-article Declara­ tion on the subject. l had before i t the specia1ized ageuc.LeG The Assembly also o.dopted a companion resolution (1905 C{VIII) asking aIl states to carry out~ without delay~ the principles of the Declarationj ,1 and 2). requesting Governments, non-~overnmental organizations, the Secretary-General : draft Declaration, and specialized agencies to publicize the Declaration 11idclYj and inviting in February and Governraents, the specialized a~encies and the non-governmental organizations concerned to inform the Secretary-General of action taken by them in compliance ~ed to the As~embly vith the Declaration. ~th amendmGnts submit­ li. similar resolution (2017 (:~~n) \laS adopted by the f.ssembly on 1 November üution 1131 (XLI)). 1965. It called upon aIl states in which racial discrimination was practised just and constitutes to take urgent effective steps, including legislative measures, to implement the Declaration. It also requested Sto.tes to prosecute and/or outlaw any Lsh exlsting 1aws, organizations inciting to racial discrimination. lnatory against Reports by the Secretary-General submitted since the beginning of 1964 1:' equa1 rights of (A/5698 and Corr.l and Add.1-4j E'4174 and Add.1-5) contain information from ~te public opinion more than 65 Governments and about 60 organizations on actions tw{en to ion of prejudice implement the Declaration.

ci~ht to vote and ire, change or re- l the rights sur­ movement) the t to equality in legal - 66 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

On 4 March 1966, the Economic and Social Council requested the Secretary­ General to organize a seminar on the question of the eliminat~on of all forms of racial discrimination, in the context of the International Year for Hwnan re Rights (1968). It also invlted the Commiss1on on Hu.'11an Rlghtr- ta reccmmGnd, pr in th.:: llght of the Sub-.om..."l11sdlon's l::ltudyon racial disc"'imination. any fur­ ac thi3r mea.surç:3 which the Unit2·i HutiorJ.s ';'Juld undertaK.e to el i.minate ail f ....œr:.3 th of :.3',1.(:r 1 (User.i.minati on (resolut,i on 1103 (XL)). In ::.t.dd:i. tian, the Councll requ8sted th...:! Gecr~tarY-General to rGp:œt arlfJ.uallj' VE on dl.:cJ sions of Urd te/]. Nations Î:.l:-diêS rt.'ùe·vant ta the SUbjêct (resolution llC2 Pl (y~)). The first report in resfonse to thlJ requGGt appears ln E/4226. P) The Commisslon on Ruman Rlghts considered the matter at its twenty­ tl second session in March and April 1966. On 2 August, at the Comraissionls recowlnendation, the Economic and Social CO~lcil adopted resolution 1146 (XLI) in which it condemned "wherever they eXist, all policies and practicee:; of aparthe~d, racial discrimination and segregation, includin3 the practices of discrimination Ï11herent in colonialism". It recornmended that Member States a "initiate, where appropriate, programmes of action to eliminate racial dis­ c criminat~on and apartheid, including, in particular, the promotion of equal opportunities for educational and vocational training, and guarantees for the c enJoyment, without distlnction on the ground of race, colour, or ethnic origin, ë of basic hurnan rights such as the rights to vote, to equality in the a&ninis­ tration of Justice, to equal ecnomic opportunities and to equal access to

ll social services • It affirmed the importance of education directed to re­ movin3 prejudices and erroneous beliefs, such as the superiority of one race over another. The Council requested the Secretary-General to submit, in 1967, a further report on the progress made in the lmplementation of the Declaration. It also reqùested that the report of the August 1966 seminar on apartheid be put before the Assemoly when that body took up the item on implementation of the j. ! Declaration.

1 - (,7 - ess Release GA/3l90 Press Release GA 3190 September 1966 1 September 1966

('0) Interuatlonal Convent.Lon on the .1!ilimination of .1-\11 Forras of Facial ~Qested the 3ecretary­ Discrlnunation ninatkon of all forms In addition to proclaiming a Declaration on this suoject, the Assembly ional Year for Hwnail reC),uested, in resolution 1906 (X.VIII) of 20 November 1963, that lla:bsolute Rights ta reC0rr~GDJ~ prior~ty' be given to the preparation of an international Convention, as further c,:,imination. any f'J.1'­ action towards the el~ln~nation of racial discrimination, for consLàeration at ü eliminate all i\Jr!:.03 the nineteenth session. At ies 1964 sessIon, the Commission on Human Rights a

59. r.r.anifestations of Racial Pre.iudice and N~tional and Religious Intolerance In resolu reCluested the In 1960, the General Assembly condr:;mned all manifestations and practices the draft Decl of racial, religious and national hatred in the political, economic, social, educational and cultural spheres. It called on all States to take measures Commission, he ta prevent such manifestations (resolution 1510 (XV) of 12 December 1960). second sessior. Two years later, the Assembly called on all States to rescind discrimina­ (b) Draf tory laws, to adopt legislation if necessary for prohibiting such discrimina­ In respor tion, and to discourage tr~ dissemination of prejudice and intolerance. It of Discriminai also invited Goverruùents, specialized agencies and non-governmental organi­ to the CorrmiSf zations to inform the Secretary-General of action taken by them in compliance convention on with that resolution (1779 (XVII) of 7 December 1962). In April The Assembly was unable to consider this item in 1963 or 1964. Last year, preliminary d: it repeated its request for information and decided to complete consideration 1966 session, of the item at its twenty-first session (resolution 2019 (XX) of l November drafting the 1965) • The firs Three reports submitted by the Secretary-General since 1963 (A/5473 and expressions u Add.l, Add.l/Corr.l and Add.2; A'5703 and Add.1-2; A/6347) contain information all forms of from 70 States, two specialized agencies ar1 11 non-governmental organizations. ,) religion or b j The 1966 report also contains additional information from 10 states which had i freedom of th } . i respûnded previously• ~ enjoy and exe 60. Elimination of All 70rms of Religious Intolerapce Ttli thout such ID 1962, the General Assembly requested the preparation by the Commission to bring l.'p ( measures, pa) 1 on Ruman Rights of a draft declaration and a draft international convention on f information, i the elimination of all forms of religious intolerance (resolution 1781 (XVII) , 1 1 tations, and j of 7 December 1962). enact or abr< (a) Draft Declaration 1 - person, grou: ,~ A preliminary draft of a declaration on the elimination of all forms of ,j effective prl j religious intolerance was prepared in 1964 by the Sub-Comnlission on Prevention institutions 1 ! of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, but the Commission on Ruman The Com: Rights has not yet considered the question. The Economie and Social Council of the ël.raft 1 suggested on 30 July 1964 that the Assembly take a decision at its nineteenth 1!l.. Council, on [l~j session on the further course to be followed. Rowever, the item was not dealt the text nex i i with at that session. 1; III al ~ GA/3l90 - 69 - Press Release GA/3190 -966 1 September 1966

.lntolerance In resolution ~O~O (XX) of l November 1965, the Assembly unanimouslJr requested the Council to invite the Cc~mission to make every effort to complete l practices the draft Declaration in time for the AssemblJrls twenty-first session. The ~, social, measures Commission, hmlever, élicJ. not have time to complete the draft at i ts twenty­ second session, helà in i.lay 1966. r 1960). discrimina­ (b) Draft International Convention iiscrimina- In response to the Assembl~rTs request, the Sub-Ccmmission on Prevention ance. It of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, in January 1965, sutmitted 1 organi- to the Corrmission on Ruman Rishts a preliminary draft of an international compliance convention on the elimination of aIl forms of religious intolerance (E/CN.4/900). In April 1965, at its tvlenty-first session, the Ccrrmission, taking the Last year, preliminary draft as a basis, adopted a Freamble and four articles. At its nsideration 1966 session, the Corr~ission adopted five more articles, but did not ccmplete November drafting the Convention. ~1e first of the nine articles so far adopted by the Commission defines A/5473 and expressions used in the draft. iJ:'he others "lloulc1 have States Parties: condemn l information aIl forms of religious illtolerance and aIl discrimination on the ground of œganizations. religion or belief; ensure to everyone vlithin their jurisdiction the right to lS which had freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief; ensure the freedcm to enjoy and exercise IJolitical, civic, econcmic, social and cultural rignce "Hithout such discrimination; respect the right of parents or legal EL1py(:lians le Commission to bring l,.1P children in the religion or belief of their choice; undertake ~onvention on measures, particularly in the fields of teaching, education, culture and 1781 (XVII) information, to ccmbat prejudices such as anti-Semitism and other manifes­ tations, and to encourage tolerance among nations, groups and individuals; enact or abrogate legislation in orôer to prohibit such discrimination bJ~ any person, group or organization; ensure equality before the law'; and ensure 11 forms of effective protection, through competent national tribunals and other State ::m Prevention institutions, against discrimination. n on Hurnan The Corrmission decided to give the highest prioritJf to the ccmpletion ial Council of the àraft Convention in 1967. Noting this decision, the Economic and Social s nineteenth Council, on 5 August, requested the Cc~mission to do its utmost to complete was not dealt the text next year (resolution 1157 (XLI)). 61. Freedom of Information The five ~ The General ;Lssembly declared in 1946 that llfreedom of information is a receive and imJ fundamental human right and is the touchstone of all the freedoms to which the policies under

l1 United Nations is consecrated • HOvTever, efforts to embody in a written text employment of' l a more precise definition of this freedom have not yet met with general tion of' inform acceptance, and discussion of the item has been postponed each year since 1962. permissible li Last year, the Assembly decided to devote, at its twenty-first session, (A backgr as much time as is deemed necessary to the consideration of this item (reso­ in A/6357.) lution 2061 (XX) of 16 ~ecember 1965). 62. Creation (a) Draft Convention on Freedom of Information last yeaJ The Assembly has before it a draft Convention originally prepared by the request of COI :l 'J United Nations Conference on Fraedom of Information in 1948, and revised in proposed High .~ 1951 by an ad hoc committee of the Assembly (A/AC.42/7 and Corr.l). Between International 1959 and 1961, the Assembly's Third Committee approved a preamble and four for violation articles. The approved articles deal with the freedom to gather, receive and United Nation impart information and opinions; the extent of permissible restrictions to Costa Ri that freedom; the relationship of the Convention to existing freedoms; and term whose f'u 11 the right of reply. of Human Rigl': :Jnong the 15 articles not yet considered by the Third Committee are pro­ annually to i 1 visions dealing with measures to encourage the observance of hicih standards special repOJ i of professional conduct, as vTell as the right of contracting States to develop any Governme! and protect national nevTS enterprises, to prevent restrictive and monopolistic f The ASSE practices and to control internavional broadcasting originating in their Ll 1965) transm: i j l, territory. and asking i' (A background note by the Secretary-General appears in A/6358.) At its (b) Draft Declaration on }'reedom of Information High Commiss group to stu 1 In 1959, after the ~~ssembly had decided to take up the draft Convention in 1967. on Freedom of Information later that year, the Economie and Social Council The WO! 1 iritiated action on a draft declaration on the same suoject. The following Jamaica, Fhj year, the Counci1 approved the text of the Declaration and transmitted it to '21 June 196( the Assembly (reso1ution 756 (XXIX) of 21 April 1960). The Assembly has not (A notE yet considered this draft, which has been on its agenda each year since 1960. Lse GA/3l90 - 71 - Press Release GA 3190 :' 1966 1 September 1966

The five articles of the draft Declaration deal with the right to seek, :mation is a receive and impart information; the responsibility of Governments to pursue ) to Vlhi ch the policies under which the free flow of information would be protected; the written text employment of media of information in the service of the people; the obliga­ ~eneral. tion of information media to report accurately and respect rights; and the 8ar since 1962. permissible limitations to the rights and freedcms proclaimed in the Declaration. rst session, (A background note, containing the text of the draft Declaration, appears item (reso- in A/6357.) 62. Creation of Post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

last year, this item was placed on the General Assemblyt s agenda at the ~epared by the request of Costa Rica (A/5963). Its memorandum stated that the role of the l revised in proposed High Corrmissioner Vlould be to supplement action under the draft .1). BetVleen International Covenants on Human Rights (see item 63) and "make it possible Le and four for violations of human rights to be considered at a higher level of the 1:', receive and United Nations, which would act as spokesman for the conscience of the world". rictions to Costa Rica proposed the election of a High Ccmmissioner for a five-year eedoms; and term whose functions would be to seek observance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to advise and assist the Commission on Human Rights, to report

littee are pro­ annually to the AssemblJT through the Economic and Social Council, to make .gh standards special reports in cases of urgency, and to render assistance and services to iates to develop any Government i-7hich so requests. md monopolistic The Assembly unanimously approved a resolution (2062 (XX) of 16 December ~ in their 1965) transmitting the proposal ta the Commission on Human Rights for study and asking it to report to the twenty-first session. 5358. ) At its session this year, the Commission welccmed the proposaI that a High Commissioner for Human Rights be elected. It set up a nine-member vlorldng Broup to study the question and to report to the Commission at its next session aft. Convention in 1967. ,cial Council The Working GTOUp -- composed of Austria, Costa Rica, Dahcmey, France, The folloVling Jamaica, Philippines, Senegal, United Kingdom and United states -- met on msmitted i t to 21 June 1966, aàopted an agenda and decided to meet again early in 1967. 3sembly has not (A note on the subject appears in A/6365.) rear since 1960. 11111 1 81 - 72 - Press Release GA/3l90 ,1 1 September 19Er; \ , 63. Draft Internat.:L0nal COvenants .on HUElal .. Rit~hts a.nd chilé 1 Il livinc;, j 1 The drafts of two Internat~onal COvenants on Rillnan Rights - .. one deall.lJ.;; l'" 1 facilitie ! with economic, suc~al anù cultural ri~hts, the other concerning civil and 1 richt to p':Jlitical rights - .. have been discussed üy the General _~ssembly' s Third (A 1 CO!Tilllittee (Sucial, Humanito..riar.. and Cultu.ral) since the texts were submitt\.d by the COlümiss~on on HUf.1an Rights in 1954. ~,r.4 . IntE The task of drafting these instruments vIas begun in 1947, tOJether vTlth On ]

th~ c1esic;natE draftinci of' the Universal I:eclarutJ.on of Human Rights. The latter vIas ( adopted 1y the .·~ssembly iu Decemuer 1948. annivers€ Thus far, the Third COil1Ui~ttt~a has approved the pream0l~ amI all of the In ] general anù sllostantlve art:l.~les of the Covenants propüsed by the Commissioù; c.1evoted t an article on the riŒhts 01' the child to be inclllded in the draf't Covenant on , ri{!hts ar (XX) of :: CivJ.l and Folitical Rights; and a provision on the ri61lt to freedom from hù.l1ger to 06 added to the drnft Ccvenant on Eccncmic, Social and CuJ~ural 1 (a) Rights. l' In i The provisions still r8y'uiril~g consideration are measures for implemer..ta. measures tion (desl~ned to enSllre that the riJhts set forth are secured anJ. protecteJ) Econcmic and the final clallses, as v18l1 as the question of the admissïbility of r~­ of meastn: servations to the Covenants. (b) Last year, the Third COlrmittee was not able to consider the drafts, and The the Assembly deferred fu.rther consideration to its twenty-first session (reso­ helcl in J ananlmo~sly). lution 2c80 (XX) of 20 December 1965, aùopted It also irrvited evaluate Member states to consider the rema~ninG p~ovisions prepared ûy the Commission to elimir rece~ved on Ruman RiGhts, the observations frOId Govermnents in response to an measures Assembly request of 1963 (resol~tion 1960 (XVIII) of 12 Becemoer), and oth~r A 11 relevant documents so th~t the Covenants coula be completed in 1966. 9 Hay to Both draft Covenants, as approved by the Third Commlttee, have ldentical (A/6354) 1 preambles, and an article 1 proclaiming the right to self-determination. Revj The Covenant on Civil end Political Rights incluùes articles relating to Eva] the right to life; prohibition of' torture and slavery; Ilberty and secllrity implement of person; freedom from arb~trary arrest, and treatment of offenders; freedorn Pre]; of movement; freedom of conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and ex­ inclucJine importanc pression; rights relating to rr.arriage and family; anù rights of minorities. for the :: The articles in the COvenant cn Economic, Social and Cultural Rights rights, n to stren€ relate to the right to work and to en(joyment of favourable working conditions; trade union freedoms; social security; protection and assistance to mothers Release GA/3190 - 73 - Press Release GA/3190 ember 1966 1 September 1966

and children; freedcm frcm hunc:er and the rie::ht ta an ac1.equate standard of livine, includinr, adequate focd, clothing and housing; creation of health

jS -- one deal1.ü·~ facilities and the riCht ta medical attention; the riCht to education; and the i.ng civil and richt to participation in cultural life and scientific procress. ,ly' s Third (A baclq:;round note, inc11.1.c1inc.; ac10pted texts, aI;pears in A/63!:·2.) ; "7ere submitt..::'i

1...1:41 • International Year for Hvman Iür:hts 7, to];ether "7ith On 12 December 1963, in resclution 1961 (}NIII), the G~neral Assembly ~he latter was f c1esic;nated 1968 as International Yeur for Ruman Riehts to mark the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Ri6hts. and all of the In 1965, the Aosembl~T unanimouely c1ecided that the year 1968 shoulc1 be f the Commission; devoted to intensive national an0 international efforts in tl1e field of human iraft Covenant on ril3hts and also te an international revieu of achievements (resolution 2081 freedom from (XX) of 20 December). and Cultural (a) Pror;ramme of l·!easures and Activities In its 1965 reoolvtion, tb3 Assembly approved an interim procrarrme of ~s for implementa~ measures and activities ta be vndertaken by the United Nations in 1968. The ~d anù protected) Economie and Social Council !~~S proposed to the Assenb1y a further prograrrme lbility of re- of mensures and activities (reso1ution 1160 (XLI) of 5 Auevst 1966). (b) Report of the Fre'Paratory Cormnittee for the International Conference the drafts, anJ. The Assembly decided in 1965 that an international conference shoulà be rst session (rese- he1c.1 in 1968 to review pro[::ress since the adoption of the Univeroal Beclaration; It also i:nvited evaluate the effectivel1ess of United Nations methcc1s, especially 1'lith respect JY the Commission ta eliminating discrimination and apartheiù, and plan a procrarrme of further Ln response to an measures to be taken subsequent to 1968. noer) J and otht::r A 17-member Fre:guratory Ccrmnittee, established bjr the Assemcl;)', met frem Ln 1966. 9 Hay to 20 June ana. prerarec1 a draft provisional acznda for the Conference 3, have l.dentical (A/6354). The main items are: t.ermination. Review of progress and identification of obstaê1es; Lcles relating te Evaluation of methccls, includinc international conventions and declarations, by and s~cürity implementation machinery, edvcational measures and organizational arrangements; ffendersj freedom Prepa.ration of a ht1lnan rights programme for the years fol10wing 1968, including measures to eliminate racial discrimination and apartheid, the Jpinion and ex- importance of realizing the right to self~dete~ination, a long-term prograrrme of minorities. for the advancement of wcmen, measures to stren~then the defence of human rights, machinery to implement international ins'Vru.ment~, and other measures ltural Rights to strengthen United Nations activities in this ~d' Jrking conditions; 9.nce to mothers \ - 7~' - Fress Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

T~rr~ 1. l 65. Inf'orl,J:.Ltio1J. frul:l Hot:-.::hoÜf-Gov:-:rn.Lng tories Il: inf'orrr ULcit..:r •.rtlc1...: 73 u oi' th...: Ur.i t~d I~atlOl.s Charter" 14umber States t3,dmin­ parlng i:..,t·.;ri1ig I:0h-f~~.ùf-GrNdrrling T·,;rri tCJri~s ZJ.CC13pt thlE ~lJliJat:t.cr:. "to "transmit rl, e Commit rI :gu.larly tr; th,: .~0cr8tar,y-G(;:r.0rD.l for 111formatlen purposes" subjèct to sueh approv l.il::ltatLcm :lB z ..:cur.i.ty unû :Jonstit:.ttions.l cOllslderatL;i.s l!1ay re'luire" statis­ ( t:i(~(11 ~Ld otH...:r il;formatiuH of a t~chrücal natur0 rl.:llatinJ ta economic" soc:J.al, ln its '11:>1 uUe,l.catlc.>I.al (;01111.1 tlot.s .LI.. the tûrritorit.:!s fer vTluch the] ar8 rl.:lspecti'vely

ll rIJGpoz.:sib1w • 66. s

l

Tllt~ :3IJcr·..:tary-GwIl·.;ral vTll1 r·';J;c·rt to thl3 General Assl:!mbly ut i ts tvT~l.ty­ 1'1.i.'8t ':; ..:3..::il~l. tnat 1l.forŒ:1ti:Jrl ,.u... d(:I' J~rtlcld 73 lE has ol:!en received l'rom propos, 11i.~~t1.'al.i.:1" F.!'Ll.r.C0" IkM ZIJalahL1 J Spa.Lrl" tilt.: Ul .. itlEd Kir::.gdom and thtl United Jtatés l Truste iJ·) lnforl..:1tl..J!. has 11J\.m rwct.:l v~J cOl'/'c~rninG the Terrltories undêr Portugu0se SI aÙI;liuLstratlo:... or ..jo\.lthdrr~ Rhod~Gia. incorp L::<~t. y~::<~, t~.., ,.Ss "mù1Y. ,,~pr.; s s ~d r"[lr~t t~at 110t (111. Hernbe" ~tat~s ha'iLs 1 reportl !'~spCJ1.n.Lo.1IJ. tJ.";S for -ch~ adm.L!.!..Lstrat.Lcn of' J.'Jon-de1f-Govèrn~l:1J TI::rr~ tor~es ha.d 1 to SUbl y",~t SÙ.,;;!l i'.:. t tû trans:ait il:f' .)rr::atiül~ 1Uld0r .t'\r-clclù 13 e. It ag(\in urged 0.11 A: 1·~0mlk~rs tel do sO:lml ta i.l~clù.rlù informat:en on political ::.nJ. constitutional an Adv: Jt2vùlor1il\..mt (r~sül:J.tion 21(;9 (XX) of 21 Dùcenme:r 1965) .. modify Th~ informatior~ trcl.l1smitted undùr Artielf:: 73 e follows, in :3,meral" 0. the Un: at~llùo.rd ,F'orm approved by the .Assembly in 1947 and sinee revised. In most su1Jmit C'18clS: i t lB suppl~mented wy or::ü st!J.ten:0:nts uy the administ,erlng Powers to place [ th~ CorrJnlttee of 24. ~mona th0 States transmittinJ such information, 0.11 but Tl ]'ralic~ HavI:: oro.lly supplied additional data on po1itical and constitutional ,:V'ith Sc ù,l,.wcl1opmonts • 1950) • (ù) Report of the 3p.3cial Committee of 2l.J. and 19E .A COl;l1üi t't\::h~ on Information from Hon-Self-Governing Territories" composed examinE of \'~qual numbers of adminlstering and non-adminlstering Members, examined this Africa. information annual1y :t'rom 1948 to 1963. By reso1ution 1970 (XVIII) of Ir 16 D~cember 1963, the G~neral Assembly dlsso1ved that Committee and requested assumec the d'p~cial COlmnittee on the ending of colonlalism to take into account the called information transmitted unùer Article 73 e when it examined the situation with Odendas regard to the implementation of the Declaration on the ending of colonialism. partiti s Re1ease GA/3l90 - 75 - Press Release GA/3190 ptember 1966 1 S0ptember 1966

In 1964, the Special COlIJmi tt,~ç apprüv'~d u procedure for dealinG vith the

information under Article 73 e. Th•.: data are I.U.H2d Ly the Jecrotariat in pre­ )er States [;1,dmin- l paring vTOrking papers on \~ach Terr~toryJ and ard tak'..:!lJ. ir.tc. accourJ.t l,y the .cr~ llto "transmit rI! Cûmmitte~ vThen i t t;;;)xaminus c.:orlui tiuns il... tIlt;: Turritorlt..!S. Th.; Assl~llIbly l, subj.ect to such approved this procedure ~n i ts 1~)65 ruso1utioli. LY require:, statis­ (An accoullt of' th...J Comnltt(.',.: 1 S activl ties ln thls respect will be incl11ded to economic, socJ..tü} in i ts annua1 report ta th~ ùsse:,mly.) !J arc r~spacti'v"èly 66. South "'lest :-if'rica

In J.9!~6, 80'.lth Afri(~a prr)posed that th~ Genèrcü tiSSêl:llJly '),:pprùv(~ i ts ami~xatio!l 01' South ::clSt ,d.fril.~I.1J :)., Türr~ tory vrh1ch i t admirüster0d undt..:r a ltly at i ts tVT~l:..ty- Leagùe of Hations Mandat;;,; i:.;1 vt.~n ~n 1920. ThG t,~ss~1.iLly did not ugrt.;0 Vii th this recelved l'rom proposaI} and reconunenâ~d Inste::j.d that th0 Türritory bê placüëi :.mder the md tht:l United Jtat~s, i ~ Trustt3eship Gystem (r~solutlon 65 (1) of 14 DeCCIIÜ···~r 1946). ) under Portugul::s~ SOùth Africa inforl'lI.::J the .Hssdmbly irl 1947 that i t had 1ecid~d not ta incorporate th.e Territory:, but \lOulù not placlJ i t ullI.lt.:r trusteeship. It Hembe" States havil'5 1 r~ported to the ASSeil1b1y OH (l'Jl.d.ltians iL. the Territory in 1946) but declined .n(! Tarritories had to submit further l'8ports, J0.sp1te ref1Ul.!sts i.:y th~ j 7i.ssembly that i t do sa. :t agaln urged 0.11 At the raqu8st of the Ass01hbly} the International C~)Urt of Justice issued 1J constitutional 1 an A.dvisory Cpinion lu 1950) stating that South Africa iVas not comretent te modify the Terrltory' s stacuCi ullût:?r the Leag:lcl Kalldatt,;,; \'lithout the consent of ), in :3~neral, a the United N{itiol1s. The C... ltrt -üsn fClund that South Af'rica was obliged to ~vised. In most submit armual reporto to the United l:ations, but ''las hot 1egally bound to )t,erlng Powers to place South Hest Africa und~r trust~8ship. lformation, all but The Assembly accept~d this 01'iL~Oll and established a committee to confer ld constitutional \'1ith South Africu on i ts impl~m(mtD.tion (r~solution 449 (v) of 13 December 1950). South Africa, hOvT~\Tar, d~clin~d te acc~~:pt the opinion. Between 1954 and 1962} two further committ~es clstnblished successively by thè Asnelub1y} ~ritories, composad examined conditions in the Territory, but without the co-operat~oll of South abers, examined this Africa. ) (XVIII) of In 1964} the Special Con~ittee 011 the ending of colonialism, which hud ~ ttee and reqllested assillned the tasks of the earlier cOlmnittees with respect to South West Africa, lnto account the called on South Africn. to desist fram implementing the recommendations of the i the situo.t.ion with Odendaal Commission. That group, appointed by South Africa, had proposed the Lng of co10nialism. partitioning of the Territory into sclparate homelands based on ethnie groupings. Irl 1965, th~ Assembly stated that !lany attempt ta partition the T~rritory or to takt; any unilateral action, dlrectly or indirectly, preparatory thereto constitutes a violation of the Mandate and of resolution 1514 (XV)ll Sc ur (tht::: Declaration on the endillg of colOlualism). It added that !lany attempt ta m: 3.nnt:;x 8. part or the whole of the Territory of South Hest Africa constitutes an act of aggression" (r~solutlon 2074 (XX) of 17 :Cecember 1965, adopted 'uy mi 85 votes ta 2, "Tltb 19 abstentlons). he The ASSèUlbly condemnecl 30uth Africa1s policies of apartheid in the Tcrritory and its policy of establishing large-sc..:ale settlements of forelJll Li irmnigrants and condemned the pollcies of' financial illterests whic..:h exploited re the reSources of the Territory. It repeated its call of 13 November 1963 for ap aE emuargfJ on the supply of' arms and petroleum to South Africn., and it cal1ed on South Afrlca te remove 0.11 military installations from the Territory. In May 1966, a delegation of two observers which the Special Committee qu of 24 sent to an internatIonal conference on Soath Hest Africa held in Oxford, in ....Jnglal~d, in lv1arch recolmnl3nded (AIAC .109/L.290) that the Committee take accoûnt of of th~ report of that conference when it cOllsidered the question of South be "'lest Afrlca. Gn 9 June, the COlnmittee recorr~ended that the Security Council take st~ps th to ensure the withdrawal of 0.11 military bases and installations from South Hest 1\fr.i.ca. It appnnh~d to 0.11 States to give moral and material support ta the African population ahû invited the Secretary-General to approach the spccialized agencies with a view to extending assistance to refugees from Suuth W8St Africa. an Thld Committee appointed a Sub-Conm1ittee, composed of Demnark, :;thiopia, India, Ivory Coast, Foland, Tunisia and Venezuela, ta make a thorough study of th8 situation and, among otl1er matters, to recornmend an early date for the independence of the œerritory. The Sub-Cormnittee has nct yet reported. œhe full corr~ittee will report to the Assembly at its twenty-first session. On 18 July 1966, the International Court of Justice delivered a judge­ ill8nt on two cases concerning South West Africa which have been before it sinee rel

19600 On 4 November of that year, 3thiopia and Liberia instituted proceedings , l Na- against South Africa. la: fr< pr< Rcll~as~ ~ess Release GA/3190 - 77 - Irdss GA/3190 September 1966 1 0uIJtembur 1966

Both these furm0r MW!llf.)t3rS of' the L(w.gJ.'_: of Ha.ticns :;tat~'l that 8o~;.th c ta partition the k .Africa had violatcd ~ ts l·kmdutu rJY i te aparth..;ld and m~lltary l?ollcltJs in indirectly) preparatory f :1sk~d u\~clarr..: 11 1; South :'iest Africa. The Court mlB to th:..t.t thd Territory rerr.alned :;solution 1514 (XV ) r Ù.naer Mandate and that South J\frlca (;outiuJ.ud ta ha"...:: .I.ntürn~Ltlomü ob1iJatlons ~d thot lIany attempt ta under th8 mandat~. t Africa constitutes In a pre1iminary juùaem'.mt d\~lJ.v(?rlJd 01. 21 r:ecl;!r:lb~r 1962) tl1l~ Court dis­ ber 1965) adopted uy misseù four objections flleJ uJ 80uth Arrica contüstiLlG its jurisdlctlon ta hear the dispute. apartheid_in the In i ts judg'~ment of 18 July 1966) the Court found that Ethiopia and ttlements of forei~n Liberia could not be c{)llsidr;rcd ta have estaù1ished arV lee;al right or interest rests wnieh exploit~d regarding the subj~ct matter of thel.r claims. ÙccorJln;::,J.y, i t r~,jected their f 13 November 1963 for applications • . Africa) and it called The Court stated that its decislon in 1962 on the question of competence 'om the Territory. Vlas without prejudice te the lluestion of tht: survival of the Mandate. This ~e Special Committee question) i t stated, concerndd the merits of' the case and 't'las not an issue ; Africa held in Oxford, in 1962) except in the sensu that survival had to b~ assurr.~d for the purpose ! Committee take acco'.1ut of determining the purely jurisdictional lssue) ~~lhich was aIl that W'as then l question of South before the Court (press release ICJ/260 and Corr.l). By a letter dated 3 August (AI 6386)) 55 Afrlcan States have rlJquested lrity Council take steps that the Assembly accord priority to the South vlest Africa item. ~allations from South (See Reference Paper No. 5 of 8 July 1966.) ~nd material support ta ~;0,st ~1 to approach the 67. Educational and Training Prot;rarmnids for South Africa ~e to refuŒees from In 1961) the General Assemoly ~ucidul to estublish a sp~cial educational and training prograrrme for the l!.ldiiJenous inhabital~ts of South Hest Africa. of Denmark, ~thiopia) In resolution 1705 (XVI) of 19 r~celi;ber, tl1~ Assdmbly stipulat;l2:d that the make a thorough study programme should provide training in the functions and tèchniques of adminis­ d an early date for tration) and in economics, law) heulth,sanitation and such other fields as has net yet reported. might be necessary, and that the largest possible number of indigenous South twenty-first session. ~'!e3t Africans should benefit tram the programme. ce delivered a judge­ The Secretary-Genera1 "las asked to establish the programme. He l'las also .t1ve been before i t since re~uested, in doing so, to make use as fully as possible of the existing United .0.. instituted proceedings Nations programmes of technical co-o~erntlon. He wa.s asked to ensure) particu­ larly, that South West African Nationals residing temporari1y abroad benefit from the educational and training facilities which were avai1able under such programmes • 7"j - 1 :.1- Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

~inally, Lember States ,.,cre invited to mak& available scholarships for study a'troa.d by South ~.;rest African ~tuc1r:;mts. i , 0: Thf.: :::ecretary-General rcrort~d to the t"(,lcmtieth session of the Assembly :lS 1 i' (A/(OÇ~r) and J~drl.l) that as Vl' 30 ;~eptEmbGr 1~Y-:;5, a total 0:: 26 ~'E:mbers had made 1, scholarships available. 'l'he rf:port added thUG very fe,·, suitably qualified South 1 t: 1 .Je:ct lti'ricé.m::; resirlent outsick the ':'erritory had applied for scholarships durinr; ! , th~ ", the pcriod and c:xplained t.hat the number of such persons vlaS limited by dir.Cicu1tie:: atT,endant upon eeresc l'rom the country. It referred to i'urther , t: j dii'ficultiec vlhich arase (iC a rcsult 0l' the re,joction oI' avrards vlhien had been , .',1 granted :in resronse to specifie applications, J'rom premature withdravlal frcr:1 J courses of study and from i'6.ilurcs in examination. The report corlcluded that there was a sharp decline in the nuniller of students b8nefitting from the train­ 1 • t ! ing programmes and sur.mested that the Assembly miCht "rish to consider additional tl 1 ! means of strencthenine them. :i: ''t1 C~X) l~cmber , ~! The Assembly, in rE:solution 2076 of 17 Decembe;r 1965, invited 0: il '1 states to give sympathetic cvnsideration to requests by thE: Secretary-General d ;! for placement in tlleir secondary? vocational or technical schoolD of can~idates tl or' who had been e;\'larded scho1arships. Once aas.in i t requested all States, and in .1 ... particular South Africa, to faci1itate in every possible way the trave1 of South "lest Africans seeking tù avail themselves of educationa~ opportunities provided under the programme. The resolution was adopted without objection. The r0port of the ~~eretary-General to the twenty-first session of the Assembly is not yet avai1able. In his annua1 re};1ort on the lTorIt of the Organization (A/6301), the Secretary-General stated that, as of June 19C6, 27 States had offered scholar­ r:

ships and that 97 awards had been {3ranted by 11 l'ember States. Cl In the budget estimates for 1967 (A/6305), an appropriation of ~30,COO has been propos~i for the prosrammes as compared with $50,000 for 1966. The report a: noted that :)50,000 had been appropriated for each of the years 1962 (when the p: proarammes beaan), 1963 and 1964, and that the appropriation had been fixed nt (: d :1>36,500 for 1965. It stated tl:at, aince there had been no ree.son to assume that ,- the proar~ame would continue to diminish, it WaS considered advisable, in sett­ o.: ing the appropriation for 1966, to rev~rt to $50,000. More racent 8xper~cnccl, hO""'=lver, continued the report, would il1dicate that an amount oi' :~30, 000 ",ould be adequate in 1967. 1 •

Press Release GA/3190 - 79 - :Fress Releas8 GA/.3190 l 8eptember 1966 l Ceptemoer 1966

ble scholarships for ~j:he report on the cstimates also pointed out that 31 scholarships had been offered and accepted since the be13inninG oE the pro{!ramme. Three of the recip­ 'ssion of the Assembl~r , icnts had completed their courses, and 20 had withdrawn before doing SO, ,1 0':: 26 l"E:nibers hud male ! leavin13 eicht still pursuinc; their studies by January 1966. It added tho.t, r suitably qualii'ied f~outh thUG far, re.J.utively 1'evT applications ",ere under considero.tion. :d for scholarships durinG Coml.1entine; on the estimatcs, the !.dvisory Committee on 1.c1.I:1inistrative and lS waS limited by th~ Budaetary r~uGstions oaid (A/6307) it had lool~~d forward to Ci f1l1h:r l.l:lph.:n.whta.. Lt referred to further tian of the dlr0ctivi.,;s of the; ASSIJl:lbly, but lt W.lS 1.ppo.r.::nt that J.lttllJ proj­ ):L avrarrls vlhic:h had beon rêSS hud bu":l1 r;;u.d~ ln that dlrl3ctilJl1. nature withdravlal from 68. rrerritories undel" Porturmese uJll1inistration :; report cor~cluded that - ..- ..- nefitting from the trnin­ PortuGal, which becane a 11ember oi' the United Hations in 1955, has taken i5h ta consider additional the position that it would not transLlit informat~on on the Territories under its administration because it considered that they 1"ere overseas provinces be;r 1905, invited l:cmber of the metropolitan 8tatc. y the Secretary-General In 1960, the General 1.ssC!..bly (resolution 1542 (.. ~V) of 15 December) l1<}ld cal schoole of cancUdo.tes that those Territories vlere non-self-aoverning within the meaning of Chaptel" .ested all states, and in ;:I of the United Nations Charter a.nd that, consequently, Portuga.l 'uttS obllg~d ile vTaY the travel of to transmit information on the~. lcationa~ opportunities The Assembly established, in 1961, a special committee of seven members >ted 1"ithout objection. to exmaine such information as was available concerning the Territories under r-first session of the Portuguese administration (resolution 1699 (.:~VI) of 19 December). After examining the report ûf that committe~ in 1962, the Asscmbly urJ...:d ;ion (A/6301), the Portugal to giv~ aff~~ct ta i ta r-,::cOl;~~:el1dn.tions by ü:11:1ediately recogll.L zing th\: ltes had offered scholar- right of the people to self-detarmination and independ~ncc, by iLm:edia~Gly r States. ceasing acts of reprcssion und \'11 thdravlillg forces e:.:ployed for that purpose, ~ropriation of ~30,COO has by prorl1ulgating a political amnesty and Gsto.blishing conditians that l;oulù ,COO for 1966. The report allovT the fl'ee functioning of political parties, and by nogotiating 1'lith those the years 1962 (when the partias with 0. viaw to the transfer of power ta the representativ~ 1nstitut~ons riation had been fixed nt (resolution 1807 (XVII) of 14 Becember 1962). en no ree..'3on to assume that The Assembly also requested aIl States to prevent the sale and supply of idered advisable, in sett- arms and military I3quipr.1e11t to Portugal, und r~questt3d the Security Coul1cil tù More r~cent exper~GnCcl, tak~ meo.sur~s to securc Portubal's conwlianc~ with itû duti~s.

l amount of :~30, 000 would be The situation in the Territories under Portuguese administration was 69. Training] discusseQ in 1963 by the Special Committee of 24 on the ending of colonialism, 'l'he specié the Assembly and the Security Council. 1 under Portugue: On 31 July of that year, the Security Council requested 811 States to of 14 :Cecember prevent the supply of arms to Portugal that might be used for the repression programme Ylere of the people in its Territories. It reiterated this call on 11 December He1"'e considere< 1963 and again on 23 Novcmber 1965. pu1"'sued by the On 21 December 1965, the Assembly, in resolution 210r (XX), noted with Il 'Here under ( .concern that Portugal i'laS intensifying i ts repressian and that the acts of Cn 21 :CecE forei:;n financial interests in the 'I1erritories ivere an i1l1pediment to the Ul1ited Nations Arrican peoplE: of the Territories in the realization of their aspirations ta to continue thl freedom and independence. The reso1ution iJaS adopted by 66 votes in favour states to cons: to 26 against, iVith 15 abstentions. education and: The Assembly also urged states to impose a trade boycott on Portugal, ta its request to refuse landing and t}'ansit faciltties to its aircraft, to sever diplomatic 1"'e que sted aIl and consular relations with it, and to t~~e aIl the necessary measures to themselves of

prevent the sale or supply to that country of arms or equipment for the ado}?te d by a Vi manufacture of arms. The Secre' The Special Committee of 24 again considered the question ûf Territories is not yet ava under Portuguese administration in 1966. Its report for this year is not In his 19 yet available. Secretary-Gene On 22 June 1966, it recommended that the Security Council make scholarship aw obligatory for aIl States to implement the measures called for in Assembly States had mad resolution 2107 (:CX). In addition, the Committee requestea à11 states, in In the bu particular the military allies of Portugal, to desist from supplying proposed for t Portugal with arnlS and material for the manufacture of arms. The Committee state that dur appealed ta the specialized agencies torefrain from granting any aid to substantially, Portugal as long as i t failed to implement resolution l5l1~ (:~V) of 1960. studying, ivith

A SUb-C0r'1mittee of the Special Committee of 24 recommended on 12 August students out 0 1 ! that a special item be inscribed on trle agenda of the twenty-first session It is anticipa r, of the Assembly concerning the activities of foreign economic and other this year and interests in southern Africa. that the avera scholarships f _ ....~~.~.~'~~!JI;;;.,.. I!I@!I • l.se GA/3190 - 81 .. Press Release GA/3190 ': 1966 1 September 1965

Training Programme for Territories UnQ~r Portuguese Administration l.tion was 69. ~ colonialism, The special training proframme for indigenous inhabitants of Territories under Portuguese administration was established under repolutions 1808 (XVII) States ta of 14 tecember 1962 and 1973 (XVIII) of 16 teeember 1963. Funds for the ; repression programme were first made availab1e in May 1964. Since then, 71 applications December Tdere considered, of 'Vlhich 15 were either withdrawn or rejeeted, 12 were not pursued by the applieants, 33 resulted in the award of scholarships and noted with 11 were under consideration, the Secret~riat reported in 1965 (A/6076 and Add.1-2) he acts of Cn 21 tecember 1965, the Assembly, in resolution 2108 (XX), invited the G to the ~ United Nations programmes of technical assistance and the specialized agencies pirations ta 1 to continue their coo·operation with the programme. It also invited Member s in favour states to consider offering scholarships in the firpt place for secondary efulcation and for vocational and technical training. The Assembly reiterated Portugal, ta its request to Portugal to co-operate in imp1ementing the programme and also diplomatie requested all states ta faci1itate the travel of stpdents seeking ta avail asures to themselves of the educational opportunities offered. The resolution was for the adopted by a vote of lCO in favour to 1 against, with 3 abstentions. The Secretary-Generalfs report to the twenty-first session of the Assembly f Territories is not yet avai1able. ar is not In his 1966 annual report on the work of the Organization (A/63Cl), the Secretary-General stated that, since his report of Oetober 1965, 26 additiona1 lake scholarship awards wer~ under consideration. By 15 June, he added, 27 Member n Assembly states had made offers. states, in In the budget estimates for 1967 (A/6305) an appropriation of $70,CCO is .ying proposed for the programme, $20,000 more than in 1966. The budget estimates e Committee state that during 1965, the number of applications and acceptances increased ,y aid to substantially, so that by the end of that year 39 students were actually of 1960. studying, with another four students expected to begin studies in 1966. Ten on 12 August students out of the total of 39 are studying in Europe and the United states. 'st session It is anticipated that a further 15 ta 20 new scholarships would be awarded ld other this year and that the trend would continue in 1967. However, it is expected that the average cosi~ would be reduced, since it is planned to award nearly aIl seholarships for study in Africa. - 82 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

71. Oman 70. The Question of Fi.ii The ql The General Assembly dealt with the question of Fiji as a separate itenl 11 Decembe: for the first time in 1963, when it called upon the United Kingdom and the invitation representatives of the people of Fiji to draft a new constitution providing on a persOl for Elections on the basis of "one man, one vote" (resolution 1951 (XVIII) of ,l,..•. first hand 11 December). It also urged that steps be taken to achieve the political, The S( social and economic inteŒration of the various communities. sonal Repr~ At the twentieth session of the Assembly, the United Kingdcm, the l J'uly 196 administering Power, announced that a new constitution for the Territory had been decided upon at a conference held in London in July and August 1965. they vlOuld not Ooject J~ong its main features were: Elections on the basis of universal ~1ith adult suffrage, a Lecislative Council with an elected majority, a ministerial : system and a system of cross voting under which three representatives from mission di each racial group would be chosen by the electorate as a whole. the t.erritl The Assembly concluded,on 16 December 1965,that the constitutional changes hope that i contemplated would foment separatist tendencies and would stand in the way of On Il the political, economic and social integration of the people (resolution the questi 2068 (]GC), adopted by a vote of 90 in favour to 3 against, with l~. abstentions). that it ha It invited the United Kingdom to implement immediately the relevant Assembly that he di resolutions and requested it to take measures to repeal aIl discriminatory ritorial i laws and to establish an unqualified system of democratic representation based so (resolu on the principle of "one man, one vote". The S The Special Committee on the ending of colonialism took up the question of visited Lo Fiji in tlay this year. It was informed by the administering Pm-Ter that steps In it had been taken to put into effect the decisions of the London constituticnnl although n confervnce. The present Legislative Council is to be dissolved tcwards the influence end of August 1566, elections under the new constitution would be held from exlusive r 26 September to 8 October and the new Legislature vTould meet early the follow­ persons wb ing month. presence i The Special Cowmittee decided to resume consideration of the question COlmnittee later, bearing in mind a proposaI that a mission should visit the Territory and report on the situation there. The Committee will report to the Assembly on the results of its deliberations. Press Release GA!3190 ~se GA!3190 - 83 - l September 1966 ~ 1966

71. Oman

The question of Oman bas been before tbe GeLera1 ~sseffibly since 1960. On ~parate item 11 December 1962, the United Kingdom transmitted tO tbe Secretary-Genera1 an )m and the invitation to bim from tbe 3u1tan of l1uscat and Oman to send a representative l providing on a persona1 basis "to visit tbe 3ultanate du.cirlg the coming year to obtain n (XVIII) of first band information as to tbe situation there • ?olitical, " 1 The Secretary-General appointed Herbert de Ribbing of Sweden as bis Per­ sonal Representative. Mr. de Ribbing visited the Territory from 18 May to 1, the interviewe~ ~rritory 1 July 1963. He reported that many people be bad had said that tbey would not like to see the Imam and hiG brother return, vn1ile otbers diti August 1965. Lversal not oOject to their return, provided they made their peace vTith tbe Sultan. ~1ith regard to the status of the Imamate, Mr. de Ribbing stated that bis ~ ministerial ::,ives from mission didnot have tbe time nGr did it consider itself competent to evaluate the territorial, political and bistorical issues involved. He expressed the Itional changes hope tbat a peaceful and ami cable solution could be found throuGh negotiation. Ln the vTay of On 11 Lecember 1963, tbe Assemb1y appointed an Ad Hoc Committee to examine ;olution the question and report to th0 nin8t~enth session. The Assembly stated that it had taken into consideration Mr. de Ribbing's statement in his report j. abstentions). :wt Assembly that he dicl not have the time te evaluate the political, historical and ter­ :,iminatory ritorial issues involved and tbat he did not consider himself competent to do :mtation based so (resolution 1968 (XVIII)). ". The Sultan did not permit the Committee to visit the Territory. It lihe question of visited London, Darr~an, Kuwait and Cairo. ::lr that steps In its report of 8 January 1965, the Committee stated that tbe Sultanate, 1stituticnal altho~gh not a colony in the formal sense, was to a great ej~tent under the tcwards the influence of tbe United Kingdom owing to the latter's special and rather ~ held from exluEive relationsbip witb tbe Sultan. It was the unanimous vievT of al1 the Ly the follow- persons whom the Co~nittee had interviewed that tbe end of tbe British presence in any form was a prerequisite to a solution of tbe problem, the

~ question COlmnittee stated. ~ Territory the Assembly r- Press Release GA/3190 I - 84 - 1 1 September 1966 1 1 i I­ 73. Fina l, On 17 December 1965, the Assenlviy, in resolution 2073 (YJC), recognized L 1" Eacr 1 the right of the people of the Territory as a whole to self-determination and 1 financial independence in accordance with their freely expressed wishes. It held that r i the colonial presence of the United Kingdom in its various forms prevented the 1 accounts people from exercising thclir ri3hts of self-determination and independence financial and it invited the Special Committee of 24 on the endil1g of colonialism ta Board ce! ill '1 \ 1 examine the situation. accounts The 3pecial Committee teok ùp the question of Cman during its meetinG in and Budge nfrica. After hearing statements by petitioners, it decided tp defer further (a) cOI!sideration of the item until the latter ~art of its session. UndE 72. 3tudy Facilities for Inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories $107,111: At its ninth session, the General Assembly invited Member States to offer to be pul the inhabitants of Non-Self-Governing Territories facilities for technical and miscc anù vocational training of immediate practical value and for training at the make up ~ 1 post-primary and university levels (resolution 845 (IX) of 22 Nûvemb~r 1~54), DeA! 1 1 J,II. At the twentieth session of the Assembly, the Secretary-General General:

1 reported that 26 States had offered scholarships in 1964-65 and that approx­ increasel 1 ! i~ately ~OO students were attending institutions during that acade~ic year respect· (A/5784 ). This figure did not include scholarships a\1arcled directly by the Force an /'1 1: 1 States and not handled throuBh the United Nations secretariat, a~d those He r awarded by the administering Powers through their mm programmes. financia

1. On 21 Becember 1965, the Assembly called on the administering Powers ta Members take all necessary measures to ensure that all scholarships and training financia l,1 facilities offered by Member States were utilized by the inhabitants of Non­ findings 3elf-Governing Territories. The Assembly also asked thern to render effective United N assistance to applicants for scholarships, particularly with regard to generous facilitating their travel formalities (resolution 2110 (XX)). The (The 3ecretary-General' s report to the twenty-first session of the Nations Assembly is not yet available.) 7.80 per cent for portatic installa printin@ The Release GA/3190 - 85 - Press Release GA/3190 :;ember 1966 1 September 1966

1'3. Financia). Reports a.!1.d Ac;.ç9EP.];..§..Jor 1965 (xx), recognized -determination and Each year the Board of Auditors transmits ta the General Assembly the es. It held that financial statement of the United Nations and of the various extra-budgetary forms prevented. the accounts in the custody of the Secretary-General, covering the previous nd independence financial year (which ls also the calendar year). After external audit, the colonialism ta Board certifies that the statements are correct and submits reports on the accounts to the Assembly. In addition, the Advisory Committee on Administrative

'ing i ts meetin;3 in and Budgetary Questions makes its observations on these reports. :d tp defer further lion. Under its regular budget, the United Nations spent or obligated ç Territories $J.07,111,392 in 1965, according ta financia1 reports by the Secretary-Genera1 lber states to offer to be pub1ished short1y (A/6306). Income from staff assessment was ~10,327,836 ~s for technical and miccellaneous income was $7,063,112. The contributions of Member States )r training at the rnake up the difference between incarne from al1 sources and total expenditures. 22 Novemb(;;r 1S154). Describing the financial position of the Organization, the Secretary­

~retarY-General General states in his report that the unpaid balances of assessed contributions 5 and that approx­ increased substantia1ly during 1965. A total of $167,570,000 was unpaid in 9..t acadenic year respect to the regu:ar United Nations budget, the United Nations Emergency a. directly by the Force and the United Nations Operation in the Congo. He adds that there was no improvement in the Organization s o7~r-all iat, ap.d tbose ' rarnmes. financial position during 1965, despite the receipt of $17,453,272 from Il istering Powers ta MernbeI's as voluntary contributions to assist the Organization out of j.ts s and training financial difficulties. He expresses the hope, particularly in view of the nhabitants of Non­ findings of the ~d Hoc Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the ta render effective United Nations and the Specialized Agencies, lIthat other ~embers will now make ,th regard ta generous voluntary contributions in the same spirit". :) ). The financia1 report indicates that 63.14 per cent of the regu1ar United :ession of the Nations budget for 1965 was spent for salaries, wages and other staff costs, 7.80 per cent for insta1ment and interest charges for the bond issue, 6.03 per \ cent for technical aseistance programmes, 5.49 per cent fer travel and trans­ portation, ;.84 per cent for rentaI and maintenance of premises and flxed installations, ;.67 per cent for acquistion of capital assets, 1.74 per cent for printing and 1.04 per cent for the International Court of Justice. The Advisory Committee, in its report (A/6367), comments on the accounts. ~ 'ci i..,. . 1 j", l' - 86 - Press Re1ease GA!3190 1 September 1966 \1 ! .) ,1 , 1 : ! (b) United Nations Children's Fund while 1 Expenditures by the United Nations Chi1dren's ~l1nd (UNICE~) total1ed ! repoT' :;30,337,920 in 1965, according to the financial report (A/6306/Add.l). Incarne UNRHA vTas ;~33, 005, 322, or .~2, 667,402 higher than expenditures. Expenditures inc1uded $5,940,751 for Africa, $4,462,736 for East Asia and of th Pakistan, .;~4, 298, 491 for South Central Asia, 03,396, 6L.3 for the Eastern

11editerranean, .;>516,512 for Europe, $5,865,526 for the Americas and $2,456,846 1 for administrative costs. Of the allocations for long-range aid approved by the UNICEF Executive (UNHC Board in 1965, the financial reports show that 62.72 per cent was for hea1th accor prograr.mles, Il.47 per cent for nutrition, 2.46 per cent for f&aily and child incorc welfare, 17.22 per cent for education, 1.70 per cent for vocational training forvT8 and 2.96 per cent for other long-range aide In 1965, a total of 117 Governments contributed ~26,055,7l9, or 78.9 per totaJ 1 cent of UNICEF! s incarne. Private contributions, inc1uding those from organized j campaigns, amounted to ~~3,743,834. Other incarne included $2 million from the prive Greeting Card Fund and $54,651 from the Nobel Peace Prize Award. $2,4E j The Advisory Committee, in its report on the 1965 accounts (A/6377), budgE stated that it llanticipates that measures ,.,il1. be taken promptly to correct" j deficiencies in the Greeting Card l~nd's internaI organization which were 74. commented on by the Board of Auditors.

:1 \lor~s :, (c) United r!etions Relief and Ar;eucy for Palestine Refugees visi< ~ 'l'he United Nations Relief and lTorks Agency for Palestine Refugees in the the 1 Near East (UNRilA) spent or committed 037,618,472 in 1965, according to the Secrl Board of Auditors (A/63C6/Add.2 and Corr.l). With income of $35,134,878, there to h was a deficit of $2~483,594. This deficit was met from working capital Budg (oyerating reserve), which was reduced ta $15,292,176. Tlle financial statements show that for relief services (basic rations, of 2 supplenlentary feeding, she1ter and special hardship assistance) the Agency Stat spent or committed :~17,775,93l in 1965. For health services, the figure waS $4,948,727, and for education services ~~14,893,8l4. Expenditures and commit­ ments for general administration tota11ed ~>l, 278, 207. ss Release GA/319° - 87 - Press Release GA/3190 eptember 1966 1 September 1966

For 1965, 46 Governments pledged contrib~tions tota11ing $34,000,353, while ~~816, 050 "Tas received from non-governmenta1 sources. Registered refugees numbered 1,300,117 on 31 December 1965, the Board :UNICEF) totalled reported. Of this total, 1,192,319 received assistance. At the end of 1965, 1/6306/Md.I). Incarne 1 UNRi'lA emp10yed 127 international and 11,495 area staff. (The report of the Advisory Committee summarizing the financial situation ,736 for East Asia and 1 of the Agency, is in A/6378.) ror the Eastern nericas and $2,456,846 (d) United Nations High Commissioner for Refuf.;ees Obligations incurred by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees he ur~ICEF Executive (UNHCR) from vo1untary funds administered by him tota11ed ~5,301,618 in 1965, cent waS for health accordins to the financial accounts (f~6306/Add.3). Contributions and other for farni1y and child income arnounted to ;~4,485,723c Taking account of accumu1ated surpluses carried vocationa1 training forward, the surplus and balances as of 31 December 1965 stood at ~1,740,383. Up to 31 December 1965, the High Cor~issioner had committed a cumulative ,055,719, or 78.9 per total for all projects of 062,349,722, ~he Board of Auditors reported. ng those from organized Fifty-seven Governrr.ents con-tributed $3,061,760 to t"l\ECR fer 1965, while d $2 million from the private donations tota11sd $476. The administrative expenditure of rI~HCR was ,e Award • $2,487,263, all but $150,000 of which was met frcm the regular Unit~l I~uticr.s .ccounts (A/6377), budget. prompt1y to correct" ,zation which were 74. -Supplementary Estimates------for 1966 Each year the Secretary-General proposes to the General Asscmbly any re­ .estine Refugees visions he considers necessary in the appropriation and inccrne estimates for lstine Refugees in the the current year, as approved at the previous session. A report by the ), according to the Secretary-Genera1 on supp1ementary estimates for 1966 is expected in October, ne of $35,134,878, there to be fol1owed by a report of the Advisory Comrnitte~ on Administrative and workin~ capital Budgetary Questions. The gross appropriation for 1966 tota1s 0121,567,420 (reso1ution 2125 (XX) Lees (basic rations, of 21 December 1965). Estimates of incorne, other than assessments on ilember lstence) the Agency States, total1ed $19,790,700. ~ices, the figure waS ~enditures and commit- - 88 - Press Re1ease GA!3190 1 September 1966 j ! ....

In its report on the 1967 budget estimates (A/6307), the Advisory Commit­ 15 rr tee said the Secretary-General had indicated that, based on the situation ~s post it ecu1d be foreseen at the end of l«ay 1966, "it vlou1d not be unreascr:ab1e to r:.arJ forecant at this stace ttat total expenses for 1966, given seme transfer of in !

credita betwcen sections, can be kel'.:t l'Tithin the total of the 1966 appropria­ tions"e This was subject to the rr.anner in which the expenses of the India­ deci Pakistan missicn in 1965 ~r:d in early 1966 ~ere ~ealt with, he added. Unit

par~

in ( 75. Budget Estimates for 1921 the The Secretary-General has proposed a gross budget of $128,227,800 for the spa( United Nations in 1967. The net expenditure, to be financed by assessments on rep( Member States, is estimated at $106 604,174. Income from a11 sources -- the 9 ser: difference between the net and gross figures -- is estimated at $21,623,626. The estimates (A/6305) are subject to 1ater revision in the light of 1 (A/I ! decisions taken by the General Assemb1y and the Economie and Social Counci1. \ 1 str ~ The gross figure for 1967 is $6,660,380, or 5.5 per cent, higher than the , gen amount appropriated for 1966. Income from sources other than Member States more than half of which cornes from staff assessment -- is estimated at 76. $1,832,926 above the 1966 1eve1. The net budget, therefore, is estimated at $4,827,454 higher than in 1966. con The Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, after inl3 examining the Secretary-General's initial estimates for 1967, recommended fur (A/6307) a gross budget of $126,497,200 -- $1,730,600 less than his estimates. 19t

" , The net expenditure 1eve1 recommended by the Committee is $104,831,974, or Jo .Jo $1,772,200 be10w the Secretary-General's figure. In the budget estimates, the Secretary-Genera1 stated that, in comp1iance in~

with the wish expressed by the Assemb1y in 1965, he was requesting no addition~ 1 boè post~ in the Secretariat, except for the United Nations Conference on Trade and ~ to Deve10pment (UNCTAD) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for thE

Refugees (UNHCR). However, he expressed the be1ief that some additiona1 Stl strengthening of certain areas of the Secretariat might prove unavoidab1e in 1 co' ~et :1 1967; such needs wou1d be within the total credits avai1ab1e. i th< ! ye: - 89 - Press Release GA 3190 ss Release GA/3lg0 1 September 1966 eptember 1966

Eighty additional established fcst::: ware req~eGted for UIiCTAD and the Advisory Commit­ 15 n:ore v:ere proposed fc.,r UIiRCR. 'Iho pror:ocod increa:::e of 95 established on the situation ~s posts would brine the total for the entire Secretariat to 6,9C4. (A sum­ Ghe unreascr.able ta ~ury of the budget estirr.ateo and the Advioory Corr.mittee'o report appears

1 seme transfer of in press release G~/3185.) tee 1966 appropria- P~ong the itenlS not provided for in the initial estimates, pending final nses of the India- decisions by the Economie and Social Council and the General Assembly, are the h, he added. United Nations Organization for Industrial Deve10~ment, the accelerated pre­ paration of studies on human rights, the expansion of the Palais des Nations in Geneva, the possible expansion of office accommodation at Headquarters, and the convening of an international conference on the peaceful uses of outer , $128, 227 , 8eo for the space. Revised estimates covering these and other items, and corresponding lced by assessments on reports of the Advisory Committee, w'ill be submitted to the Assembly as neces- l aIl Sources -- the sery. ~ed at $21,623,626. Already before the Assembly is a report by the Secretary-General L in the light of ~ (A/C.5/1054) proposing a three-yeur, $12.5 million programme to ereet a new and Social Council. structure adjoining the Palais des Nations. The Advisory Ccrr~ittee has given cent, higher than the 1 general endcrsement to this proposal (A/6S85). than Member States ; estimated at 76. Pattern of Conferences )re, is estimated at In 1952, the General Assembly established a four-year regular pat~~rn of conferences, laying down principles to govern the places and dat(~~ ,,;1 the meet­ try Questions, after ings of United Nations bodies (resolution 694 (VII) of 20 December 1952). A .967, reeommended furttor fixcd I:o.ttcrn of <.:cni'croncca ";-:0.::: coto.b1iGl:cd for the ].:criod ., ~.~8 to

;s than his estimates. 1964. lo.ot yeo.r the ,ù'sGGn:bly apI:roved, ,;1thcut <:bjecticn, ::l. new fixe: r=o.ttcrn ) $104,831,974, or J.' ~J.' l~C':-l~>~. (::.·I,,;.;_lv.... l·."n1l.: (X::) ,... 1 : ... ..;'- ..1..\Jl' l~6)). The pattern now in effect specifies that, with certain exceptions, meet­ ;d that, in compliance ings of United Nations bodies should be held at the headquarters of those :,equesting no additional 1 bodies. One exception is when a Goverr.rnent iGsues an ir..vitation for a meeting Jonference on Trade and ~ to be held in its territory, in which case that Gover~.rnent must egree to defray ; High Commissioner for the additional costs resulting from such change of venue. Other procedures some additional state that any meeting which is not of an emergency nature and whieh is not ?rove unavoidable in covered by the basSc annual programme should not be held during that year, and 'uilable. that not more than one major special conference should be scheduled in any one year. In approving this pattern, the Assemb1y urged al1 United Nations organs and specia1ized agencies "to review their "rorking methods and also the fre­ Jar Cif quency and 1ength of sessions, in the 1iaht or the present reso1ution, the (Ur growing volume of meetings, the resu1ting strain on avai1ab1e resources and Rel Sil the difficu1ty of ensuring the effective participation of members". In accordance with that reso1ution, the Secretary-Genera1 will submit to the twenty-Eirst session of the Assemb1y a basic proaramme of conferences for rel 1967. 19( Although the Secretary-Genera1 has not yet submitted hio report on this 1 item, he has expressed concern at the "a1arming upward trend in the number of 1 , 1 me0tings". In his 1967 budget estimates, he dec1ared that the programme fore­ seen for 1967 was 1ike1y to exceed eVen the heavy schedu1e of the past several me: year. 1 ! Corr~ents on this matter have also been p1aced before the Assemb1y by th~ : 1 Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Guestions and the ~ Hoc 31 1 Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and the ! el 1 Specia1ized Agencies. The Advisory Committee, in its report (A/6307) on the 1967 budget estimates, found merit in a suggestion that the Assemb1y estab11sh Ra j a committee to recommend which meetings should be included in the annua1 pro­ (u Go gramme. The Ad HQQ Committee, in its second report (A/6343), suggested that Si l the Secretary-Genera1, in consultation with the agencies concerned, draw up a (F ~ draft conso1idated calendar of a11 conferences and meetings cal1ed by organi­ zations in the United Nations fami1y. Sc 1 Î 77. Vacanci~s in Subsidiary Bodies

i'1 (a) Advisory Committee_on A~~nistrative and Bud~etary Guestion~

This Committee, estab1ished in 1946, is responsib1e for expert examination of the United Nations budget and the administrative budgets of the specia1ized 'f agencies. aJ Its 12 members are e1ected by the General Assembly for three-year terms. al They serve as individua1s, not as representatives of Governments. Four retire each year, but are e1igible for reappointment. l~ l - 91 - Press Release GA!3190 Press Re1ease GA!3190 1 September 1966 1 September 1966

Eembers this year are: United Nations organs Jan P. Bannier (Netherlands), Chairman; Albert F. Bender (UniteQ States), Abdou )ds and also the fre­ Ciss (Sene~al), Paulo Lopes Correa (Brazil), André Ganem (France), James Gibson ;ent resolution, the (United Kingdom), Raûl A. r~uijano (Argentina), bchamed Riad (United Arab Republic), E. Olu Banu (Nigeria), Dragos Serbanescu (Romania), Shi1endra K. ~i1ab1e resources and Singh (Indiu) and Viktor Fedulovich Ulanchev (["'T·tet Uldon). of members". 'r'he terms of office of r,;r. Bannier, l;r. BE. <.', L:::·. (;uijano and rire -General will submit to Ulanchev expire on 31 December, and the Assemb1y ",ill b·a required to fill the ~mme of conferences for resulting vacancies. The persons elected will begin their terms on 1 January 1967 (A/G38l). ted his report on this (b) Conwittee on Contribution~ trend in the number of that the programme fore­ Established in 1946, this Committee advises the Assembly on the apportion­ dule of the past several ment of the expenses of the United Nations among l·lernber States. Its la members are elected by the Assembly for three-year terms. !:embers ore the Assembly by thG retire in rotation, and thi3 year the terms of office of four members end on 31 December. The members are appointed in their personal capacities. TheJ' are stions and the --.Ad Hoc. ited Nations and the eligible for reappointment. report (A/6307) on the \ !:embers this year are: t the Assembly establish ! Ra~nond T. Bowman (United states), Jor~e Pablo Fernandini (Peru), James Gibson (United KinGdom), Louis-Denis Hudon (Canada), ff. Nouredin Kia (Iran), uded in the annual pro­ Gopalaswami Parthasarathi (India), Stanislaw Raczkowski (Poland), David /6343), suggested that Silveira da i:ota (B:cazil), V.G~ Solodovnikov (Soviet Union) and Liaurice Viaud es concerned, draw up a (France). The retiring members ar:' ;':~. iernandini, J11". Parthasarathi, l·~r. tings called by organi- Solodovnikov and 1.:r. Viaud. lJ:he terms of the new appointees will begin on 1 January 1967 (A/6382). Cc) Board of Auditor§. .r.:etary Questions The Board, established in 1947, performs the external audit of the accounts Ile for expert examination l of the United Nations. Ldgets of the specialized \ It has three members, with one retiring eVéry year. The present members are the Auditors-General (or officers of equivalent title) of Belgium, Colombia .y for three-year terms. r and Pakistan. lovernments. Four retire The terms oi' office of the Auditor-General of Pakistan expires on 30 June 1967. The new appointee will serve for a period of three years beginning 1 Ju1y (A/6383). - 92 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

(d) United Nations Administrative Tribunal - (AdministratiVE Established in 1949, the Tribunal hears and passes judgement on applica­ tions wou1d rel tions alleginG non-observance of contracts of employment of staff members of from changing i

the United Nations and certain specialized agencies. , capita incarnes 1 Its seven members, appointed by the Assembly for three-year terms, serve In additic in their individual capacities and are eligible for reappointment. The terms butions will m~ of two members expire on 31 December. of non-members The present members are: as the Confere] 1;rs. Paul Bastid (France), Lord Crook (United Kingdom), Héctor Gros Espiell sions. It wil: (Uruguay), Louis Ignacio-Pinto (Dahomey), Bror Arvid Sture Petrén (Sweden), Francis T.P. Plimpton (United States) and R. Venkatararnan (India). to the applica" T'he retiring rnembers are 1:1". Espiell and 1;1". Petrén. Those appointecl Ylill with arrears i: begin their terms on 1 January 1966 (A/6384). The Commi' report will ap: t 78. §.sale of .Msessments 1 -) 79. Audit Rel?' ,1 llember States contribute ta the regular budget 01 the United Nations in 1 proportiœls fixed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Commit­ Each year tee on Contributions. ditures by the Last year, by a vote of 98 to none, with 2 abstentions, the Assembly Atomic Energy established a scale of assessments ta cover the budgets of 1965-1967 (resolu­ Programme of T tion 2118 (XX) of 21 December 1965). In accordance with rule 161 of the Fund. l1hi1e E

Assembly 1 s rules of procedure, once the scale is fixed by the Assembly, it Nations Develo "shall not be subject to a general revision for at least three years, unless The ten a it is clear that there have been substantial changes in relative capacities to The United Nat national Civil payll • the Internatic Under the present scale, 51 Eember States contl'ibute at the minimum rate Scientific and l'Torld Health C of 0.04 pel" cent. The five largest contributors are the United States (31.91 Funds fre pel" cent), the Soviet Union (14.92 pel" cent), the United Kingdom (7.21 pel" Reconstructior cent), France (6.C9 pel" cent) and China (4.25 pel" cent). except UPU. In its 1965 resolution, the Assembly requested the Committee on Contri­ Since thE butions, in calculating rates of as=essment, to continue paying due atten­ in these progl tion to the situation of the developing countries 9 in view of their the provision~ ~pecial economic and financial problems. Last year, in making its recommend­ i zed agency al ations to the Assembly on the scale of assessments, the Fifth Committee In 1964, curred amount $80,431,115 a ase GA/3190 r 1966 - 93 - . ress . :üease GA/3190 l September 1966

(Administrative and Budgetary) expressed hope that the Committee on Contribu­ j on applica­ tions would report to the Assembly in 1966 on the effects which would result : members of from changing the formula by which relief is given to countries with low ~ capita incomes • terms, serve In addition to reviewing the scale now in effect, the Committee on Contri­ J. The terras butions will make recommendations on the rate of assessment of ne'\-, Uembers, and of non-members which contribute to the expenses of such United Nations bodies as the Conference on Trade and Develofment and the regional economic commis­ ~os Espiell sions. It will also advise the Assembly on any action to be taken with regard 1 (S't.reden), l • to the application of Article 19 of the United Nations Charter, which deals appointecl will with arrears in the payment of contributions. The Committee is to meet for about two weeks in September or October. Its report will appear in document A/63l0.

79. Audit Reports on EXEenditu~~.~§Eecialized ABencies~__EFTA. Special Fund l Nations in of the Commit- . Each year the General Assembly receives audit reports relating to expen­ ditures by the United Nations, specialized agencies and the International Assembly Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) of funds allocated to them under the Expanied L967 (resolu­ Programme of Technical Assistance (EFTA) and earmarked to them from the Special L of the Fund. llhile EPTA and the Special Fund are now component parts of the United sembly, it Nations Development Programme, the accounts are separately maintained. 8ars, unless The ten organizations participating in EFTA are: capacities to The United Nations, the Food and Agriculture Organization, lAEA, the Inter­ national Civil Aviation Organization, the International Labour Organisation, the International Telecommunication Union, the United Nations Educational, minimum rate Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Universal Postal Union (UPU), the \'Torld Health Organization and the Uorld I.leteorological Organization. States (31.91 Funds from the Special Fund were received by the International Bank for (7.21 per Reconstruction and Development and all of the organizations listed above, except UPU. e on Contri­ due atten- Since the audit reports relating to the participation of the United Nations in these programmes are included in the United Nations accounts (item 73 (a) of ei.r ts recommend­ the provisional agenda), the Assembly considers under item 79 only the special­ rnmittee ized agency and lAEA accounts. In 1964, earmarkings from EPTA totalled $51.312,553 and obligations in­ curred amounted to $56,386,998. Earmarkings from the S~:ecial Fund totalled $80,431,115 and commitments amounted to $94,939,044. - 94 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 l September 1966

The reports for 1965 are not yet available. The Assembly will examine to comment 0 them together with reports by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and which the Se Budgetary Questions. tions on way ensure that 80. Administratjve and Budgetarv Co-ordination with Specialized Agenc~ The COrt Article 17, paragraph 3 of the United Nations Charter provides that "The and 19 July General Assembly shall consider and approve any financial and budgetary The fi:!: arrangements with specialized agencies ••• and shall examine the administra­ conclusion i tive budgets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommenda­ contributior tions to the agencies concerned." United Natie The Assembly has assigned to its Advisory Committee on Administrative ~d between the Budgctary Questions the task of examining the administrative budgets of the difference ( agencies and proposals for financi8~ and budgetary arrangements with them. tions certa: The Advisory Committee reports to the Assembly each year on administra­ the United] tive and budgetary co-ordination of the United Nations with the specialized Uith ri agencies and thê International Atomic Energy Agency. This year's report i8 that the fu' expected in November. A report by the Secretary-General on the same subject about :p3.2 1 is expected in October. tions to co

The Assembly, after considering the Advisory Committee's report, normally items to 'Vlh asks the Secretary-General to refer the Committee's observations to the agen­ ('Ihe f cies concerned. Th.e se ~he Ad Hoc Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United on "basic m Nations and the Specialized Agencies, in its second report to the Assembly moneyll in t (A/6343), has made a number of recommendations regarding co-ordination and the and economi budget procedures of the specialized agencies. These will be examined under Among item 81 of the Assembly's provisional agenda. that all sI a biennial 81. Finances of the United Nations and the Specialized Agencies financial t In 1965, on the initiative of France and in view of the financial diffi­ investigatE culties confronting the Organization, the General Assembly established an and the pre Ad Hoc Committee of Experts to Examine the Finances of the United Nations and The Ce the Specialized Agencier. (resolution 2049 (XX) of 13 December 1965, adopted by long-term ] 104 votes to none, with 2 abstentions). It assigned the Corrmittee t~o tasks: covering a evaluating ease GA/3190 - 95 - Press Release GA/3190 er 1966 1 September 1966

will examine to comment on an analysis of the financial situation of the United Natj,ons, trative and which the Secretary-General was requested to prepare; and to submit recommenda­ tions on ways to improve the utilization of available funds and on ways to ensure that any expansion of activities takes into account both needA and costs. The Committee, which met at Headquarters and in Geneva between 2 February 'ides that "The and 19 July 1966, submitted two reports -- one on each of the topics before it. ludgetary The first (A/6289 and Add.1-2), dated 2611arch, presents the ComraitteeTs le administra- concll1sion that between $31.9 million and 053.3 million in additional voluntary ç recommenda- contributions were required aS of 30 September 1965 to meet the deficit of the United Nations and assist it out of its financial difficulties. The difference linistrative and between the two figures cited by the Committee is accounted for mainly by a ldgets of' the difference of opinion among members as to whether to include in the calcula­ :; with them. tions certain funds related to the United Nations Operation in the Congo and :m adrninistra­ the United Nations Emergency Force in the l:iddle East. :; specialized lTith regard to the long-term financial outlook, the Committee reported r' s report is that the future deficit in the regular United Nations budget would amount to e seme subject about *3.2 million a year, if certain States continued to withhold contribu,· tions to cover the amortization of the United Nations bond issue and other report, normally items to which they objected ir. principle. ns to the agen- (~he financial analysis by the Secretary-General appears in A/AC.124/1.) The second report of the Committee (AÎ6343), dated 19 July, concentrates ,f the United on "basic measures needed to ensure greater efficiency and real value for the Assembly money" in the United Nations system, especially with regard to human, social 'dination and the and economic development. exemined under Among its recommendations on budgetary matters, the Committee suggested that all specialized agencies which have an annual budget cycle should adopt a biennial cycle. It also favoured a standard nomenclature of budgetary and .es financial terms. It recommended the establishment of an inspection unit to ~inancial diffi­ investigate "all matters having a bearing on the efficiency of the services tablished an and the proper use oi' funds" throughout the United Nations system. i ted Nations and The Committee also recommended that each organization adopt a system of 1965, adopted by long-term planning, programme formulation and budget preparation, possibly ittee t'Wo tllsks: covering a six-ye~r span. It recommended steps to strengthen the process of evaluating the rps,.d.ts of programmes. - 96 - Press Re1ease GA/3190 1 September 1966

A number of recommendations were made to improve co-ordination among the 22 from 1 agencies, inc1udinc a proposal to reconstitute the Economie and Social Councills 11 from ~pecial Committee on Co-ordination as a committee of ex~erts. the Caril In order to rationalize the growing progr~ae of meetings the Ad Hoc (b) Committee recommended that a consolidated annual calendar o~ conferences be dravm up and reconciled as far aS possible among the various orŒanizations. The in the S· , Lembers of the Committee were: ArGentina, Brazj.1, Canada, France, Hungary, by the A 1 India, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, Senega1, Soviet Union, United Arab Repub1ic, 1 , 1 United Kingdom and United States. ,1 1 82. Personnel ~~uestions The 1 f (a) Composition of the Secretariat pays pen ized age Article 101, paragraph 3 of the United Nations Charter states: "The Thi paramount consideration in the employnlent of the staff and in the determination mendatio of the conditions of service shal1 be the necessity of securing the highest Fir standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shal1 be paid tion sen to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis aS the Funà possible." compared \~1ich In 1962, the Assemb1y recommended five princip1es and factors should have pet guide the Secretary-General in his efforts to achieve a more equitab1e geo­ Fund anë graphical distribution in the composition of the Secretariat (resolution 1852 Sec (XVII) of 19 December). UE3d fOl On 11 December 1963 (resolution 1928 (;CVIII», the Assembly recommended per cen1 that the Secretary-General continue his efforts so that all lIember States might The i be "representE:ù" P.t the professional 1eve1 in the Secretariat, and requested 1 Administ 1 him to take into special account the equitab1e distribution of voste among 1 Assemb1J Hember States of each region, especially at the leve1 of dire.ctor and above. 1 auditil1é The Gecretary-General reports each year te the Assembl~1 c.m this subject. 84. Un 1 Last yearTs report stated that, as of 31 AUGust 1965, nationa13 of 107 States - were on the Secretariat staff. (This year's report is not yet availab1e.) Th In his annuel report on the worE of the Organization (A/6301), the seconda Secretary-General stated that, of 159 appointments during the past year to had its posts subject to geographical distribution, 29 went to candidates from Africa, At the more th ::llease GA/3190 - 97 - Press Release GA/3190 rnber 1966 1 3eptember 1966

lation among the 22 from Asia ani. the Far Bast, 30 from Eastern Europe, 25 i'rom Hestern Europe, ld Social Councilts 11 from Lati~ America, seven from the ~liddle East, 32 from North Pmerica and the Caribbean, and three from non-t.1ember States. S the Ad Hoc (b) Other Personnel 0uestions conferences be The Secretary-General reports annually to the Assembly on any changes made organizations. in the Staff Rules during the past year. Such changes do not require action a, France, Hungary, by the Assembly, (His note for the twenty-first session is not yet available.) rab Republic, 83. Report of United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board

The Board administers the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, which pays pension benefits for staff employed by the United Nations, nine special­ ized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency. ;tates: oThe This year's report (to be issued aS A/6308) contains the Board's recom­ 1 the determination mendations for two principal changes in the Pension Fund Regulations. Lng the highest First, the Board recolnmended discontinuation of the associate participa­ 3,rd shal1 be paid tion scheme, which was resulting in a considerable drain on the finances of aphical basis aS the Fund. Associate participants, who numbered 7,625 as of 30 September 1965 compared to 15,482 full participants, are largely staff members who do not actors which should have permanent appointments. They pay no contributions into the Pension equitable geo- Fund and ~re not Eligible for retirement benefits. , (resolution 1852 Second, the Board recommended that the class 2 medical classification, UE3d for persons with certain physical disabilities, be abolished. Only 0.9 ~mbly recommended per cent of new entrants during the past year were placed in class 2. llember States might The Board's report will be considered by the Advisory Committee on ~, and requested Administrative and Budgetary Questions~ which will suboit its comments to the of -r::osts... among Assembly. The Committee's views on certain aspects of the Pension Fund's 'Actor and above. auditing procedures appear in A/6380. ,/ on this subject. J 84. United Nations International School nal.3 of' 107 states ------yet available.) The United Nations International School, which provides primary and A/6301), the secondary education to children of delegation and staff members and others, he past year to had its origin in a nursery school established by United Nations staff in 1947. ,idates from Africa, At the stert of the 1965/66 school year, it had 603 students from 66 countries, more than half of them from Secretariat families. - 98 - Press Release GA/3190 l September 1966

1 Last year, the General Assembly unanimously authorized the Secretary­ Ir ~ General to accept an offer by New York City of a site for a new building for more mE ! the School, on the East River at 25th street, in Manhattan, a mile south of authori

1 United Nations Headquarters (resolution 2123 (xx) of 21 December 1965). Januar;y \ ' The cost of constructing and equipping the new building is to be met frcm re~ula! J a donation of $7,500,000 by the Ford Foundation. Tt 1 The Rockefeller family has offered $1 million to meet the greater part of HumphrE ,! .the cost of developing the site. The new premises are expected to be ready Ir :i for the 1968 / 69 scheol year. The School is now at First Avenue and 70th street tion tl: '1 in Manhattan. since ] ~ One of the conditions of the Ford Foundation grant was that ~ $3 million diplom~ ! ;1 Development Fund should be established to ensure the financial vitality of the Conveni ! School. In 1965, the Assembly urged Member states to contribute to this Fund. dj.plom~ f J Since the School was set up, the Assembly has contributed financially to diplom~ j its operatiea. Fer the 1965/66 scheel year, the Uaited Natieas ceatributed posee. ~ $57,000 to the School's $674,800 budget. P:.

".1 The Secretary-General 'will report to the Assembly at its twenty-first to the ! ;'1 session on the status of the Development Fund, the progress made on preparing f'j' the site, and ether matters pertaining te the Scheel. lir.litel 85. ReEorts of the International Law Commission o were a Each year, the General Assembly reviews the work of this 25-member Com­ ;~ (Conve t\ mission, composed of recognized experts whose task is to develop and codify tions international lau. T Since i ts first sessj,on in 1949, the Commiss1.on has been seeking to codify bly re the La\'1 of Treaties. It cûmpleted this task in 1966, and has submittedto the Succes Assembly the text of 75 draft articles on the subject and Corr.l). (A/6348 Goverr The draft articles, commentaries and recommendations on the Law of Treaties ( will appear in the Corr~ission's report to the Assembly (A/6309). The articles coyer the followic6 aspects of international treaties: 86. -l conclusion and entry into force; application and interpretation; amendment and modification; invalidity, termination and suspension of operation; and on Hun

1 depositaries, notifications, corrections and registration. (Socil:

1 The Commission has unanimously recommended that the Assembly call an propo~ international conference of plenipotentiaries to study the draft articles and conclude a cC'nvention on the subject. ss Release GA!31.90 - 99 - Press Release GA!3190 eptember 1966 1 September 1966

the Secretary­ In order to complete work on the Law of Treaties, to which it has devoted new building for more meetings than to any other subject, the COlnmission received the Assemb1y's a mile south of authorization to hold a special series of meetings in Monaco from 3 to 28 mber 1965). January 1966 (the second part of its seventeenth session), in addition to its is to be met frcm reGular annual session (the eighteenth), held in Geneva trom 4 May to 19 July. The Commission's Special Rapporteur on the Law of Treaties has been Sir he greater part of Humphrey 1Ialdock (United Kingdom). ted to be ready In addition to the Law of Treaties, the Commission devoted further atten­ nue and 70th street tion this year to the topic of Special r1issions, which it has been studying since 1958. In that year, after it had adopted a set of draft articles on that a $3 million diplomatie procedures and immunities which later formed the basis of the Vienne al vitality of the Convention of 1961, the Commission decided to study the forms of ad hoc bute to this Fund. diplomacy not covered by those articles. These include itinerant envoys, ed financially to diplomatie conferences and special missions sent to a state for limited pur- ions contributed poses. At its summer session, the Commission discussed certain questions relating s twenty-first to the draft articles on Special ~:issions, but postponed further consideration made on preparing in view of the relatively small number of comments from Governments and the lir.lited time available to it. Other topics on which the Commission has drafted conventions that later were approved by international conferences are Reduction of Statelessness ,s 25-member Com­ (Convention of 1961), Law of the Sea (Conventions of 1958) and Consular Rela­ "elop and codify tions (Convention of 1963). Topics still to be considered by the Commission, in accordance with Assem­ !n seeking to codify bly resolution 1902 (XVIII) of 18 November 1963, are State Responsibi1ity, lS submitted to the Succession of states and Governments, and Relations betMeen States and Inter­ f8 and Corr.l). Governmental Organizations. l the Law of Treaties (Members of the Commission are listed in the notes to item 19 above.) i09) • lal treaties: 86. Draft Declaration on the Right of Asylum jion; amendment A draft Declaration on the Right of Asylum was prepared by the Commission operation; and on Ruman Rights in 1960. In 1962, the General Assembly's Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) adopted a preamble and the first of five ~embly call an proposed articles of the draft Declaration. The first article states: iraft articles and Press Releasè GA/3190 l Septeober 1966

111. Terr~torial asyl~n ~rant0d by a State, in thé exercise of its T sovereignty, to ~ersons entitled to invoke article 14 of the Univ~rsal Leclaration of Rurfian Rights, including persons struggling against of the colon~alism, r~spected shall be by aIl other states. in his "2. The right to seek and to enjoy asylum may not be invoked by any Dersen Membe! with respect to whoill th~re are ser~ous reasons for considering that he has comm~tt~d a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against Add.l- hu~an~ty, as defined in the international instruments dravffi up to r~ak~ ~ pr0vision in respect of such crimes. and e~ 113. It shall rest with th~ State granting asylum to evaluate the grounds for the grant of asylum. Il Articles 2 to 5 of the COlnmission's draft state that the situation of per­ sons forced to leav0 a countr.1 because of persecution, or wel1-founded fear of

persecution, 1s a matter of concern to the international community; that no Olla seeking or enJoyin6 asylûIll should, "except for overriding reasons of national

f lt i security or safeguarding of the population , be subjected to measures which 1 would compel him to return to or remain in a country where his life might oe threatened; that persons enjoying asyltl!ll should not, engage in activities work ;1 contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations; and that nothing in the Declaration prejudices the right of everyone to return to his coun~ry. will ~ The item was next considered in 1965 by the Assemblyls Sixth Coramittee (Legal) which did not go into the substance of the matter. The Assembly da­ 88. Il cided to take up the item again in 1966 with a view to completing the text If (resolution 2100 (XX) of 2G December 1965). i Co~~ents on the draft Declaration from thre~ Member States have been 1 circulated in A/6367, along with th0 text of the draft Declaration. Forty-five law ( Governn0nts had comrûented pr0viously. deri"

(resl 1 Prcnotion. of T~aching, S~~dy and Wider Apprùciation of International Law -- prin The Special Committee on Technical As~istance to Promote the Teaching, as t Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law was established by the-General Assembly in 1963 (resolution 1968 A (XVIII) of 16 December). stat ll It 'Y."8S asked to draw up El. Itpractical plan and proposals for presentation to 196E the Assembly. The six-member Committee met from 25 November 1964 to 29 January 1965. prir Its members were Afghanistan, Belgium, Ecuador, Ghana, Hunga~y and Ireland. the I.K. Dadzie (Ghana) was Chairman. IS Rel~asa GA/3190 - 101 - Press Release GA/3190 eptecter 19E6 1 September 1966

ercise of its The Committee' s report (A/5G8,), which came before the tvlentieth session le 14 of the Univ~rsal truggling against of the Assembly, was based on suggestions made by the Secretary-General ,tes. in his 1963 report (A/5535), and proposals, suggestions and information frcm ! invok~d by any Ilerscn Member States and international organizations and institutions (A/57L~4 and ~or consid~ring that :'i1118) or a crim-= against Add.1-4) • lments dravm up to r:.akl:: The Assembly, in 1965, decided to establish a programme of assistance and exchange in the field of international law consisting of: evaluate the grounds (a) Steps to encourage and co-ordinate existing international law prograrnme s carried out by states and by or~;anizution6 and the situation of per­ institutions such as those propcsed by the Special Committee in part I, woll-founded fear of section A. of its report to the Assembly; community; that no one (b) Forms of direct assistance and exchange, such as seminars, training ; reasons of national and refresher courses, fellowships, advisory services of experts, the provision of legal publications and libraries, and translations of l to measures which major legal works; :'8 his life might oe The Asserobly authorized the Secretary-General to initiate the preparatory ~e in activities work for this programme in 1966. (Resolution 2099 (XX)~ bions; and that nothin~ The Special Co~ittee is to meet from 19 to 22 September. Its report ~turn to his coun~ry. will be issued later. y1s Sixth COlmnittee r. The Assembly de­ 88. Principles of International Law on Frienaly Relations ompleting the text (a) Report ~f the 1966 SpeciaJ. Committee

r states ho.vG been In 1962, the General Asserobly enumerated seven t1:principles of international Declaration. Forty-five law concerning friendly relations and co-operation among States and the duties deriving therefrom, embodied in the Charter 9f the United Nations" (resolution 1815 (XVII) of 18 Decerober 1962). It resolved to st~dy those m of Interl'lo.tiono.l Lavl principles t1 with a view to their progressive development and codification, so ~romote the Teaching, as to secure their more effective application". tional Law was established To assist i t in this study, the Assembly invited the comments of Member III) of 16 December). states and has twice established special cammittees, which met in 1964 and Sil for presentation to 1966, to consider the matter. The Committee which met in Mexico City in 1964 studied four Of the i4 to 29 January 1965. principles, but was able ta reach a consensus on only one - that relating to Hunga~y 1 and Ireland. the sovereign equality of States•

.~. - lC2 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966

In 1965, the Assembly reconstituted the earlier Committee, adding four members to its original membership of 27, and asked it to study and report on all seven principles, "with a vievT to enabling the General Assernbly to adopt a J declaration containing an enunciation of these principles" (resolution 2103 (XX) of 20 Decernber 1965). The resolution was adopted without objection. The 1966 Special Committee met in New York from 8 March to 25 April. (Its report is in A/6230.) The Committee was able to reach a consensus on two of the seven principles --those relating to the peaceful settlement of disputes and the sovereign equality of States. The consensus on peaceful settlement states that: every State shall settle its international disputes by peaceful means; sha11 seek early and just settle.. ment by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement; resort to regional agencies or arrangements or other peaceful means of their choice; the parties to a dispute have the duty, in the event of failure to reach a solution, to continue to seek a settlement by other peaceful means agreed on by them; States sha11 refrain from any action which may aggravate the situation so aS to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security; and international disputes sha11 be settled on the basis of the sovereign equality of States. The consensus on sovereign equality declares that all states have equal rights and duties and are equal members of the international community• It lists the elements included in the concept of sovereign equality, in the form originally approved by the 1964 Committee, aS follows: States are juridically equal; they enjoy the rights inherent in full sovereignty; they have the dutY to respect the personality of other States; their territoria1 integrity and political independence are inviolable; they have the right freely to choose and develop their political, social, econcmic and cultural systems; and they have the dutY to comply fully and in good faith with their international obligations and to live in peace with other States. The five principles on which the Committee reported that it was ~nable ta reach a consensus are: the principle that States sha11 refrain in their inter­ national relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integ't'ity or !Jolitical independence of any State, or in any other manner - lC3 - Press Release GA/3190 1 September 1966 inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations; the dutY not to intervene in matters within the domestic jurisdiction of any State, in aCCOrdELnCe with the Charter (on this principle, the Committee reported that it was unable to agree on proposals to widen the area of agreemejt laid down in the Assembly's Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of states and the Protection of their Independence and Sovereignty, contained in resolution 2131 (XX) of 21 December 1965); the dutY of states to co-operate 'Hith one another in accordance with the Charter; the principle of equal rights ,i 1 and self-determination of peoples; and the princip1e that States shall fulfil 1 ! in good faith the obligations assumed by them in qccordance with the Charter. 1 Members of the 1966 Committee were: ,! .~ Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Czechoslovakia, Dahomey, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Indla, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, 1 . 1 !1adagascar, Mexico, Nether1ands, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Syria, Union i r of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Arab Republic, Uniteè Kingdom, United 1 States, Venezuela and Yugos1avia. 'j

(b) Rep.Q.!'t of the Secretar;Y-G~~r.al on.J.1ethods.of E'act-Einding 1 In connexion with its study of the principle that States should settle ~ l their disputes peacefully, the General Assembly, in 1963, called for a study , 1 by the Secretary-General on methods of fact-finding (resolution 1967 (XVIII) i of 16 December 1963). It expressed the belief that an important contribution to the sett1ement and prevention of disputes cou1d be made by providing for ,1 impartial fact-finding within the framework of international organizations 4 and in bilateral and roultilateral conventions. Last year, after considering the Secretary-General 1 s initial report on 1 this subject (A/5694), the Assembly, by 80 votes in favour to none against, with 12 abstentions, requested a supplementary report, "to cover the main trends and characteristics of international inquiryl1 (resolution 2104 (XX) of 20 December 1965). Further study of this matter, it considered, would also be of value for any further consideration of an item on "Peaceful settlement of disputes", placed on the agenda of the 1965 Assembly on the initiative of the United Kingdom. The new study by the Secretary-General (A/6228) summarizes the methods used by the United Nations, seven related inter-governmental agencies and 1 rH 4 - 104- Press Release GA/3l90 l 3eptember 1966 1 1 ( } \ j 11 other international bodies, in order to verify the execution by States of Conclusion of Int the obligations they have assumed under international agreements and treaties, Âctivities of Sta Bodi~~ It includes information on such topics aS the periodic reporting system on Celestial 1 ; developments in human rightc, the safeguards system of the International Atomic On 30 May, the Sc t Energy Agency, and machinery for overseeing compliance with whaling agreements, ! agenda. of .this item (J! In compliaLlce with another request contained in resolution 2104 (XX), that the proposed intE the Secretary-General has transmitted to the Assembly the comments submitted by principles: two Member States -- the Netherlands and Poland -- on the subject (A/6373). In "l. The mo( ration and use b: 1964, 24 Governments supplied written comments on the question of fact-finding States enjoy frel (A/5725 and Add.1-7). other celestial ' damental princip Progressive Developmen:t of Law of In~national Trad.§:, 89. "2. The mo This item was placed on the agenda of the twentieth session of the States exclusive lations of fJ.ùy k General Assembly following a letter from Hungary dated 9 July 1965 (A/5933) of n:ass destruct requesting its inclusion. other celestial e~ An explanatory memorandum accompanying the request stated that the 113. The shall be carriec United Nations had recently undertaken special efforts for the development the moon and ott of international trade, having regard particularly to the general interest tian or territOl of the community of nations in the advancement of the developing countries~ "4. In "thE States shall ~e· The memorandum ':>~1ggested that a detailed study of the legal forms of inter­ and shall carry national trade, their possible simplification, harmonization and unification interests of ot] national peace : v70uld be apt. On 16 JU!la, the On 20 December 1965, the Assembly unanimously adopted resolution 2102 (]~) text of a draft trea deciding to include the item on the agenda of its twenty-first session and The Legal Sub-C requesting the Secretary-General to submit to that session a comprehensive Space, at a session report including: aln~g with a draft t (a) A survey of the work in the field of unification and harmonization of the law of international trade; same subject (A/AC.l

(b) An analysis of the methods and approaches suitable for the unification 1 to the 3ecretary-Ger and harmonization of the various topics, including the question need for such a treE whether particular topics are suitable for regional, inter-regional li or world-wide action; and .,. (See also anno' (c) Consideration of the United Nations organs and other agencies which peaceful uses of o~ might be given responsibilities with a view to furthering co-operation in the development of the law of international trade and to promoting its progressive unification and harmonization. (This report is not yet available.) - 105 - Press Release GA/3190 l Septemoer 1966

of 900 Conclusion of International Agreement on Legal Principles Governing ies. Activities of States in Exploration and Con~uest of Moon and Other Celestial Bodies

ltomic ' On 30 May, the Soviet Union requested inclusion in the General Assembly's lents. agenda of' .this i tern (A/6341).. The accompanying explanatory memoré:Lndum said that the proposed international agreement could be based on the following ;ed by principles: 1. In Ill. The moon and other celestial bodies shoù.ld be open for explo­ lding ration and use by aIl States, vlithout discrimination of any kind. AlI States enjoy freedom of scientific research in regard to the rooon and other celestial bodies on equal terms and in accordance with the fun­ damental principles of international law. "2. The moon and other celestial bodies should be used by aIl States exclusively for peaceful purposes. No military bases or instal­ lations of ~llY kind, including facilities for nuclear and other weapons 5) i of rr.ass destruction of any type, should be established on t~e moon or other celestial bodies. ~ ... "3. The exploration and use of tbe rooon and other celestial bodies shall be carried on for the good and in the interest of aIl mankind; b the moon and other celestial bodies shall not be subject to appropria­ 1! t tion or territorial claims of any kind. s. "4. In the exploration of the rooon and other ce1estia1 bodies, States shall ~e' guided by the principles of co-operation and mutua1 aid r- and shall carry out their activities with due regard for the relevant ion interests of other States and with a view to the maintenance of inter­ national peace and security.1I On 16 Juna, the Soviet Union transmitted te the Secretary-General the 2 (XX) text of a draft treaty on this subject (A/6352). ,d The Legal Sub-Committee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer 'e Space, at a session in Geneva from 12 July to 4 August, considered this text, alf"\'1g with a draft treaty subl1litted by the United 3tates on 16 June on the .on same subject (A/AC.I05/32). (The United States had, on 9 May, transmitted

~cation to the 3ecretary-General the text of a statement by President Johnson on the i 1 1 need for such a treaty (A/6327).) mal 1 (See also annotation to item 30, on international co-operation in the lich peaceful uses of outer space.) 3ration l noting * *** *