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Harrisonbirtwistle the Last Supper at the Glyndebourne Festival, Directed by Martin Duncan (2000) Photo: Mike Hoban

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Harrisonbirtwistle the Last Supper at the Glyndebourne Festival, Directed by Martin Duncan (2000) Photo: Mike Hoban HarrisonBIRTWISTLE The Last Supper at the Glyndebourne Festival, directed by Martin Duncan (2000) Photo: Mike Hoban The Io Passion at the Aldeburgh Festival, directed by Stephen Langridge (2004) Photo: Ivan Kyncl Harrison Birtwistle Biography 2 Introduction 11 English 11 French 13 German 15 Abbreviations 17 Works 18 Opera 18 Full Orchestra 21 Chamber Orchestra 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE Solo Instrument and Orchestra 24 Voice and Orchestra 25 Ensemble without Voice(s) 26 Ensemble with Voice(s) 29 Chamber without Voice(s) 30 Chamber with Voice(s) 35 Piano 36 Vocal 38 Choral 39 Discography 41 Chronological List of Works 44 Boosey & Hawkes addresses 50 Cover photo: Hanya Chlala/ArenaPAL 1934 Born 15 July in Accrington, England. Only child of Lancashire farmers. Grows up on small holding on edge of the town. 1941 His mother buys him a clarinet and he has lessons with leader of the Accrington military band, which he eventually joins. 1945 Begins composing. Few early works survive, with exception of Oockooing Bird for piano (c.1950). BIOGRAPHY 1952 Wins scholarship as clarinettist to Royal Manchester College of Music (now the Royal Northern College of Music), where he studies with Frederick Thurston (clarinet) and Richard Hall (composition). Fellow students include the composers Alexander Goehr and Peter Maxwell Davies, the trumpeter Elgar Howarth and the pianist John Ogdon. 1953 With fellow Manchester students founds the New Music Manchester group as a vehicle for exploring important twentieth-century works as well as for playing their own music. 1954 Hears Messiaen's Turangalîla-symphonie in London, conducted by Walter Goehr – 'an absolute magical moment'. 1955 Undertakes national service (1955-57) as a clarinettist with band of the Royal Artillery. 1956 Only London concert by New Music Manchester group (9 January), organised by William Glock at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, including works by Goehr, Maxwell Davies, Lutyens and Hall, but not Birtwistle, who appears only as clarinettist. 1957 Attends a London concert (6 May) where he first hears Boulez's Le marteau sans maître alongside Webern's Concerto op.24 and Stockhausen's Zeitmaße – a formative experience. Undertakes postgraduate clarinet studies (1957-58) with Reginald Kell at Royal Academy of Music, London, followed by a short period playing with Royal BIOGRAPHY 2 Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra. Completes his 'Opus 1', Refrains and Choruses, on New Year's Eve. 1958 Signed up to be published by Universal Edition, with whom he remains until 1994. Marries Sheila Duff. Undertakes variety of non-musical jobs. 1959 Refrains and Choruses selected by Society for the Promotion of New Music and premiered at the Cheltenham Festival by the Portia Wind Ensemble. Birth of first son, Adam. BIOGRAPHY 1960 Three Sonatas for Nine Instruments chosen by SPNM for performance at Aldeburgh Festival, but withdrawn after first rehearsal. Score unpublished, but now housed at Paul Sacher Stiftung, Basel, Switzerland. John Ogdon premieres Précis for solo piano at Dartington Summer School. During this period teaches at three Dorset preparatory schools: Claysmore School and Knighton House (Blandford), and Port Regis (Shaftesbury). 1961 Monody for Corpus Christi selected to represent Britain at ISCM Festival. 1962 Appointed Director of Music at Cranborne Chase Girls School, Wardour Castle, Dorset (1962-65). 1963 Pupils of Knighton House and Port Regis Schools give premiere of Music for Sleep, commissioned by Musical Times and Music in Education. His second son, Silas, is born. 1964 Co-founds (with Goehr and Maxwell Davies) the Wardour Castle Summer School, with Michael Tippett as President. Entr’actes and Sappho Fragments premiered at Cheltenham Festival. 1965 Tragoedia premiered at second (and last) Wardour Castle Summer School to great critical acclaim. His third son, Toby, is born. 1966 Wins a Harkness Fellowship for two years' study in the USA. Becomes Visiting Fellow at Princeton University, where he completes the composition of Punch and Judy. BIOGRAPHY 3 1967 Completes his American studies at University of Colorado at Boulder. Co-founds Pierrot Players with Maxwell Davies and Stephen Pruslin. Their first concert at Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, includes premiere of Monodrama (later withdrawn) to a libretto by Pruslin and dedicated to Maxwell Davies. 1968 Punch and Judy, to a libretto by Pruslin, premiered at the Aldeburgh Festival in the presence of Benjamin Britten. Nomos commissioned by the BBC Proms and premiered BIOGRAPHY by Colin Davis and the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Approached by newly established London Weekend Television to write a TV opera on the subject of Orpheus, but project falls through. 1969 Down by the Greenwood Side, to a text by Michael Nyman, premiered at the Brighton Festival. Peter Zinovieff collaborates for first time on tape parts for Linoi, Four Interludes for a Tragedy and Medusa. Approached by Royal Opera House Covent Garden to commission an opera that eventually becomes The Mask of Orpheus, to a text by Zinovieff. Commission later passes to Glyndebourne (1973), then English National Opera (1975). 1970 Premiere in London of Nenia: The Death of Orpheus, to a text by Zinovieff. The Pierrot Players disband (and become the Fires of London). 1971 An Imaginary Landscape, a BBC commission, is premiered by Pierre Boulez and BBC Symphony Orchestra at ISCM Festival in London. 1972 The Triumph of Time premiered in London by Lawrence Foster and Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. Writes his only film score to Sydney Lumet’s The Offence, with electronic realization by Zinovieff. 1973 Appointed Cornell Visiting Professor of Music at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania. Begins composition of The Mask of Orpheus, Acts 1 & 2 (1973-75). Chronometer, his only BIOGRAPHY 4 piece exclusively for tape, prepared with Zinovieff, is premiered in London. 1974 At invitation of Morton Feldman appointed Visiting Slee Professor at State University of New York at Buffalo (1974-75). 1975 On return from America moves to island of Raasay in Inner Hebrides. Appointed Music Director, National Theatre, Hamlet Tamburlaine London. Scores include (1975), (1976) BIOGRAPHY and Volpone (1977). Also works on other productions in collaboration with composer Dominic Muldowney, including Julius Caesar (1977), The Cherry Orchard (1978) and As You Like It (1979). 1977 Bow Down, to a text by Yorkshire poet Tony Harrison, is premiered at National Theatre. 1981 Writes highly acclaimed music for Peter Hall's production of Aeschylus's Oresteia trilogy at National Theatre in a new translation by Tony Harrison. Featured composer at Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival. Resumes composition of The Mask of Orpheus, Acts 2 & 3 (1981-84). 1982 Becomes Associate Director, National Theatre, and moves to Lunegarde in the Lot region of France. Begins work at IRCAM, Paris, with composer Barry Anderson on the electronic music components for The Mask of Orpheus. 1984 London Sinfonietta premieres Secret Theatre at his fiftieth birthday concert at the Queen Elizabeth Hall. Invited to Japan for a major retrospective of his music in Tokyo. First full-length study of his music published by Michael Hall (Harrison Birtwistle, Robson Books, London). 1985 Directs Summerscope Festival at London's South Bank Centre under the title 'Harrison Birtwistle: His Fancies, His Toys, His Dreams'. BIOGRAPHY 5 1986 Premiere of The Mask of Orpheus by English National Opera at London Coliseum, conducted by Elgar Howarth and Paul Daniel, directed by David Freeman. Wins prestigious Grawemeyer Award from the University of Louisville. Yan Tan Tethera premiered by Opera Factory/ London Sinfonietta at Queen Elizabeth Hall. Earth Dances, another BBC commission, is premiered by the BBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Peter Eötvös - 'a desolate, disturbing rite of spring for this decade' BIOGRAPHY (Nicholas Kenyon). Made Chevalier des arts et des lettres by French government and Honorary Fellow of Royal Academy of Music. 1987 The Mask of Orpheus wins the Evening Standard Award for Opera. Endless Parade is premiered by trumpeter Håkan Hardenberger and the Collegium Musicum of Zurich. The work is commissioned and conducted by Paul Sacher and this association leads in 1989 to the Paul Sacher Stiftung's acquisition of all the manuscript material in Birtwistle's possession and an ongoing archival relationship. 1988 Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. Major BBC 'Endless Parade' Birtwistle Festival at the Barbican Centre, London including UK premiere of his trumpet concerto Endless Parade. 1989 Discovers poetry of Paul Celan in translation and begins 9 Settings of Celan (1989-96). 1991 Gawain premiered at the Royal Opera House Covent Garden. Wins Evening Standard Award for Opera a second time. Featured composer at Wien Modern festival. 1992 Antiphonies premiered in Paris by Philharmonia Orchestra and Joanna MacGregor (piano), conducted by Boulez. Appointed to Board of the South Bank Centre, London (1992-2002). 1993 Appointed Composer-in-Residence to London Philharmonic Orchestra. 1994 Appointed first Henry Purcell Professor of Composition at King's College, London (1994-2002). Gawain revived BIOGRAPHY 6 at the Royal Opera House in revised version, followed by a recording (Collins Classics 1996). The Second Mrs Kong premiered by Glyndebourne Touring Opera and subsequently revived at Glyndebourne Festival (1995), with further new productions (in German) in Heidelberg and Earth Dances Vienna. Tour of by Cleveland Orchestra conducted by Christoph von Dohnányi includes USA, Salzburg Festival and the BBC Proms, followed by a recording (Decca 1996). BIOGRAPHY 1995 Awarded the Ernst von Siemens Foundation Prize. Tribute concert of Secret Theatre and Endless Parade given in Munich. Moves to Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers. Panic premiered at the Last Night of the Proms to controversial critical acclaim. 1996 Moves from France to new permanent home in Mere, Wiltshire. Pulse Shadows premiered in Witten, Germany. South Bank Centre's 'Secret Theatres' Festival includes UK premiere of Pulse Shadows and a new semi-staged production of The Mask of Orpheus, followed by a recording (NMC 1997). Mitsuko Uchida is soloist in US premiere of Antiphonies with Los Angeles Philharmonic and Boulez.
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