Heikki Ruismäki & Antti Juvonen Searching for a Better Life Through
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329 Publisher Department of Teacher Education Heikki Ruismäki & Antti Juvonen Faculty of Behavioural Sciences P.O. Box 9 FI-00014 University of Helsinki http://www.helsinki.fi/kirjasto/keskusta/palvelut/ julkaisumyynti.htm Heikki Ruismäki & Antti Juvonen : Searching for a better life through Arts and Skills Searching for a better life through Arts and Skills Research results, visions and conclusions ISBN 978-952-10-6853-9 Unigrafia Helsinki 2011 Research Report 329 Editorial Board: Markku Hannula Jarkko Hautamäki Arto Kallioniemi Leena Krokfors Jari Lavonen (Chairperson) Lasse Lipponen Kirsti Lonka Mikko Ojala Jukka Rantala Heikki Ruismäki Liisa Tainio Sirpa Tani Seppo Tella Kirsi Tirri Mauri Åhlberg Kari Perenius (Secretary) Department of Teacher Education: P.O. Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 5A) 00014 Helsingin yliopisto Phone + 358 9 191 29603 Fax + 358 9 191 29611 http://www.helsinki.fi/kirjasto/keskusta/palvelut/ julkaisumyynti.htm http://hdl.handle.net/10138/28076 Research Report 329 ISBN 978-952-10-6853–9 (nid) ISBN 978-952-10-6854–6 (pdf) ISSN 1799-2508 Searching for a better life through Arts and Skills Helsinki 2011 Research Report 329 Heikki Ruismäki & Antti Juvonen Searching for a better life through Arts and Skills Research results, visions and conclusions Helsinki 2011 ISBN 978-952-10-6853–9 (nid) ISBN 978-952-10-6854–6 (pdf) ISSN 1799-2508 Unigrafia 2011 Searching for a better life through Arts and Skills Content PART I Background.....................................................................................................1 Changes in society are reflected in art subject teaching...........................14 General art and skill education vs. subject-based art education ...............17 Art and skill subjects vs. theoretical subjects...........................................18 Points of view behind the conception of knowledge ..................................20 Schemata, self-conception and worldview ...............................................20 Declarative and procedural knowledge ....................................................21 Constructivist conception of knowledge ..................................................23 Self-concept and worldview .....................................................................24 Teacher’s responsibility............................................................................25 Practical points of view ............................................................................27 Defining good life..........................................................................................28 The Good life in light of a post-modern society.......................................29 What makes everyday life good?..............................................................30 From ethics to aesthetics: Aesthetics in different art forms .....................30 Art and artistic objects..............................................................................34 Aristotle as a guide ...................................................................................35 The structure of the book ............................................................................37 References ................................................................................................39 PART II The articles....................................................................................................45 Artistic experience: ways of experiencing and thinking—Student teachers first and Strongest art experiences ..............................................45 Target group and the aim of research .......................................................46 Method and results....................................................................................49 Music as a source of artistic experience ...................................................50 Receptive experiences in music: Classical music concerts..............50 vi Heikki Ruismäki & Antti Juvonen Musicals or music theatre..................................................... 53 Opera and operetta ............................................................... 54 Pop, rock, and jazz concerts................................................. 55 Experiences through media (Radio, TV, Internet) ............... 59 Creative experiences in music ......................................................... 61 Making own music............................................................... 61 Performing............................................................................ 62 Experiences connected to music instruments....................... 65 Learning experiences in music............................................. 66 Theatre as a source of experiences........................................................... 70 Receptive experiences in theatre ..................................................... 70 Creative experiences in theatre........................................................ 75 Visual Arts (Fine Arts) as a source of artistic experiences ...................... 78 Receptive experiences ..................................................................... 78 Art exhibitions and paintings ............................................... 78 Sculptures............................................................................. 83 Creative experiences........................................................................ 84 Making art ............................................................................ 84 Important people making art ................................................ 87 Teacher drawing................................................................... 88 Nature as a source of artistic experiences ................................................ 89 Literature as a source of art experiences.................................................. 92 Architecture as a source of art experiences.............................................. 94 Ballet as a source of art experiences ........................................................ 95 Museums as a source of artistic experiences............................................ 96 Handicraft as a source of artistic experience............................................ 97 Conclusions.............................................................................................. 98 Aspects which connect art experiences ......................................... 100 In the end ....................................................................................... 103 References.............................................................................................. 106 The good, the bad and the ugly: Memories from the school art education—The teaching of art subjects in narratives of kindergarten teacher students .................................................................. 111 Background and method of the research................................................ 111 Theoretic approach................................................................................. 112 Results.................................................................................................... 114 Content vii Positive experiences in music ........................................................116 The teacher’s skills .............................................................116 The teacher’s motivation ....................................................117 Music raises strong emotions..............................................118 Negative experiences in music.......................................................119 Singing tests........................................................................119 Music theory .......................................................................120 Positive experiences in visual arts..................................................121 Negative experiences in visual arts................................................122 Conclusions ............................................................................................124 References ..............................................................................................125 Meanings of art in life ................................................................................131 The target group, method and the aim of the research ...........................131 Results ....................................................................................................132 Visual arts ......................................................................................133 Music..............................................................................................135 Handicraft.......................................................................................137 Home economics............................................................................139 Physical exercise ............................................................................140 Literature........................................................................................142 Conclusions ............................................................................................143 References ..............................................................................................144 Important factors in small children’s art education ...............................149 Introduction: What is the good life?.......................................................149 Good everyday life? .......................................................................150 Aesthetics