Khảo Sát Về Các Dòng CPU Dùng Cho Tablet
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1. Introduction Today's mobile devices are multi-functional devices capable of hosting a broad range of applications for both business and consumer use. Personal Digital Assistant - PDAs and the ever-growing category of smart phones allow people to access the Internet for e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging and Web browsing, as well as work documents, contact lists and more. Mobile devices are often seen as an extension to your own PC. Work done on the road, or away from the office can be synchronized with your PC to reflect changes and new information. The category of mobile devices include the following devices, as well as others: PDAs, Smartphones, Tablet PC. Just like a PC can run different operating systems (like Windows, Linux, BSD etc.) or different versions of the same operating system (like Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 etc.), mobile devices can also run different versions of the operating system they were made for and in exceptional cases, they might even be able to run operating systems they weren’t made for. Some of the more common and well-known Mobile operating systems include the following: Android, iOS, WebOS, Symbian… 2. Mobile Operating System A mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs run, can run on mobile devices such as PDA, cellular phones, smartphone and etc. When you purchase a mobile device, the manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as thumbwheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, e-mail, text messaging and more. The mobile operating system will also determine which third-party applications can be used on your device. Mobile operating system common consists of 4 layers (Figure 1): Applications: a set of core applications for user OS Libraries: contain code and data that provide services to independent programs Device Operating System Base, Kernel: core system service such as security, mem management, process management, network stack, driver model Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers Applications OS Libraries Device Operating System Base, Kernel Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers Figure 1: Structure of Mobile OS Mobile OS is designed with some features as follow: Multitasking Scheduling Memory Allocation File System Interface Keypad Interface I/O Interface Protection and Security Multimedia features When you purchase a mobile device the manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. Often, you will want to learn about the mobile operating system before you purchase a device to ensure compatibility and support for the mobile applications you want to use. There are many mobile operating systems. The followings demonstrate the most important ones: WebOS Meego OS Bada OS Symbian OS Linux OS Windows Mobile OS BlackBerry OS iPhone OS Google Android Platform 2.1 Palm WebOS Palm WebOS is Palm's next generation operating system. Designed around an in-credibly fast and beautiful user experience and optimized for the multi-tasking user, WebOS integrates the power of a window-based operating system with the simplicity of a browser. Applications are built using standard web technologies and languages, but have access to device-based services and data. Palm WebOS is designed to run on a variety of hardware with different screen sizes, resolutions and orientations, with or without keyboards and works best with a touch- panel though doesn't require one. Because the user interface and application model are built around a web browser, the range of suitable hardware platforms is quite wide, requiring only a CPU, some memory, a wireless data connection, a display, and a means for interacting with the UI and entering text. Palm has extended the standard web development environment through a JavaScript frame-work that gives standardized UI widgets, and access to selected device hardware and services. WebOS is designed around multi-tasking, and makes it utterly simple to run background applications, to switch between applications in a single step, and to easily handle interruptions and events without losing context. The WebOS SDK can run on Windows, Linux, Mac OS. The Palm WebOS is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel, with a combination of open source and Palm components providing user space services, referred to as the Core OS (Figure 2). Figure 2: WebOS's structure UI System Manager: or UI SysMgr, is responsible for almost everything in the system that is user visible Applications: set of core apllicarions, user interface Mojo Framework: The Mojo framework is a JavaScript library that provides to you, the application developer, a number of classes and utility functions to both interact with webOS and the device it’s running on; it also seeks to make your JavaScript development life a little easier by providing some general-purpose utility-type code too. WebOS Services: including access to application data and cross-app launching, storage services, location services, cloud services, and accelerometer data. Core OS: The Core OS covers everything else: from the Linux kernel and drivers, up through the OS Services, Middleware, Wireless and Media sub- systems. The core OS is based on a version of the Linux 2.6 kernel with the standard driver architecture managed by udev, with a proprietary boot loader. It supports an ext3 file - system for the internal (private) file partitions and fat32 for the media file partition, which can be externally mounted via USB for transferring media files to and from the device. 2.2 Meego OS MeeGo is a Linux-based platform that is capable of running on multiple computing devices, including handsets, netbooks, tablets, connected TVs and in-vehicle infotainment systems. The primary goal of the merger of the Maemo and Moblin projects was to unify the efforts of the Intel’s Moblin and Nokia’s Maemo communities and to enable a next generation open source Linux-platform suited for a variety of client devices. With Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for Smartphones and internet Tablet which is based on Debian Linux distribution. And Moblin (Mobile Linux) is Intel’s open source mobile operating system and application stack for mobile internet devices, netbooks…Most importantly, MeeGo will be doing so while: Maintaining freedom for innovation Continuing the tradition of community involvement (inherited from Maemo and Moblin) Accelerating time-to-market for a new set of applications, services and user experiences With the merger, the MeeGo project has now the opportunity to significantly expand the market opportunities on a wide range of devices and support multiple chip architectures (ARM and x86) from the get go. MeeGo also provide a rich cross-platform development environment so applications can span multiple platforms and will unify developers providing a wealth of applications and services. Such opportunities for instances were out of reach for Maemo and Moblin individually. Furthermore, MeeGo is committed to work in the upstream projects so that everyone using those upstream projects can benefit from MeeGo’s contributions to upstream projects; we will discuss this later in the article. MeeGo provides a full open source software stack from core operating system up to user interface libraries and tools. Furthermore, it offers user experience reference implementations and allows proprietary add-ons to be added by vendors to support hardware, services, or customized user experiences. Figure illustrates the MeeGo architecture as divided into three layers: The MeeGo OS Base layer consists of the Hardware Adaptation Software required to adapt MeeGo to support various hardware architectures and the Linux kernel and core services The MeeGo OS Middleware layer provides a hardware and usage model independent API for building both native applications and web run time applications The MeeGo User Experience (UX) layer provides reference user experiences for multiple platform segments. Figure 3: Meego Reference Architecture Figure 3 offers a component level view of the MeeGo architecture highlighting the various building blocks inside each of the architectural layers and featuring the open source projects used to provide the implementation of the referenced building blocks. The MeeGo open source project is unique in that it offers benefits to everyone in the ecosystem starting from the developer all the way up to the operator and the industry as a whole. Meego allows participants to get involved and contribute to an industry-wide evolution towards richer devices, to rapidly address opportunities and to focus on differentiation in their target markets. Meego already has some features as follow: Full open source project governed according to best practices of open source development: Open discussion forums, open mailing lists, open technical steering committee meetings, peer review, open bugzilla, etc. Hosted under the auspices of the Linux Foundation. Aligned closely with upstream projects – MeeGo requires that submitted patches also be submitted to the appropriate upstream projects and be on a path for acceptance. Offers a complete software stack including reference user experience implementations. Offers a compliance program to ensure API and ABI compatibility (Compliance program discussed in a later section) . Enables all players of the industry to participate in the evolution of the software platform