Herborized Plants from Arctium Genus

Anallelle Uniiversiităţiiii diin Craiiova, seriia Agriiculltură – Montanollogiie – Cadastru (Annalls of the Uniiversiity of Craiiova - Agriicullture, Montanollogy, Cadastre Seriies) Voll. XLIX/2019

HERBORIZED PLANTS FROM ARCTIUM GENUS

ENESCU RALUCA1, DINCA MARIA1

1”Marin Drăcea”National Institute of Research and Development in Forestry

Keywords: herbarium, Arctium genus, botanists.

ABSTRACT

Arctium genus contains 65 vouchers within “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium from Bucharest. All these vouchers are organized in a database that contains information regarding: species, harvesting place, the person that has collected them, harvesting date and the conservation degree. This was followed by a short description of the main species conserved in the herbarium. The oldest Arctium plant dates back to 1875, while the persons who have gathered these plants are renowned Romanian and foreign botanists. The harvesting place of these plants is focused in Romania but complemented by samples from outside its borders, mainly from the origin countries of the foreign botanists that have collaborated with the Romanian specialists. Even though the species of this Genus are mainly considered weeds, numerous studies show important usages in medicine.

INTRODUCTION

„Marin Drăcea” National Forestry mention: 19 Centaurea species (Dincă et Research-Development Institute from al., 2017b); 29 Allysum species (Cântar et Bucharest hosts in adequate conditions a al., 2018), 41 Polygonum species (Vechiu herbarium created in 1929 – “Alexandru et al., 2018b), 15 Ornitogalum species Beldie” Herbarium. This collection is (Enescu et al., 2017), 15 Veronica species inscribed in Index Herbariorum, having the (Dincă et al., 2017c), 80 Trifolium species internationl BUCF code and contains (Cântar et al., 2018), 69 Potentilla species approximately 40.000 vouchers (Dincă et (Crișan et al., 2017), 19 Scorzonera al., 2017a; Vechiu et al., 2018a). species (Dincă and Cântar, 2017), 16 The Herbarium contains numerous Abies species (Enescu et al., 2018a). plant species and genera among which we

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research material was year, harvesting place, and the botanist represented by a number of 65 vouchers that has gathered them. The database’s that was then organized in a database. organization is rendered in Table number 1 This was then repeatedly sorted based on in a small excerpt. more criteria, namely: species, harvesting

Database organization from Arctium Genus Table 1

Num Numb Conser Herbarium/ Collected/ ber er Harvesting Harvesting vation Botanic Collection/ Specie’s Name Determined draw vouch Date Place Degree Institution by: er er (1..4)

Transilvania Cluj University Cojocna 40 15 A. lappa 1923.08.12 E.J. Nyárădy 2 Herbarium district, 500- 600 m Bucovina, Paul Cretzoiu Herbarium A. tomentosum Mill. 40 55 1942.09.24 Cernăuți distr. P. Cretzoiu 1

Bucharest Polytechnic’s Herbarium, Silviculture Vlașca distr., 40 12 A. lappa 1942.10.07 I. Morariu 1 Faculty / Botanic Frasinul forest Laboratory Padurea Casa S. 40 17 ICEF A. lappa 1937.07.17 Verde, 1 Pașcovschi Timisoara Museum Botanicum Muntenia, G.P. 40 34 Universitatis, Cluj / Flora A. minus 1942.09.10 distr. Ilfov, 85 1 Grintescu Romaniae exsiccata m alt Broasca, 40 22 ICEF A. lalla 1935.08.06 At. Haralmb 1 Buzau

RESULTS AND DISSCUTION

Arctium genus belongs to Arctium x ambiguum (Čelak.) Magnoliopsida class, Asterales order, Nyman – is a hybrid resulted from the Asteraceae family. This genus contains crossing of A. lappa and A. tomentosum biennial plants originating from Europe and (www.wikipedia.org). Asia (www.wikipedia.org). The following Arctium crispum (J.Wolff) Kuntze paragraphs describe the most important – synonymous with Cousinia crispa Jaub. representatives of this genus that are & Spach (www.theplantlist.org). Some conserved in the herbarium. molecular genetic studies have shown that the generic delimitation between measure 50x60 cm. Their margins are Cousinia genus and Arctium genus does complete, glabrous on the superior side not have conclusive results (Susanna et and tomentose on the inferior one, with a al., 2003). thick petiole. The flowers are grouped in a Arctium lappa L. (synonym A. corymb or raceme inflorescence – corymb majus (Gaertn.) Bernh., Lappa major on the lateral branches (Moore and Gaertn.) - greater burdock (Figure 1) – is Frankton 1974 in Gross et al., 1980). In a biennial plant that can reach 1,5 – 3 m in popular medicine, the species is well height. The stem is ramified, rough and known for its diuretic, depurative and reddish, while the leaves are alternate, digestive properties (De Almeida et al., ovate, with a cordate base and can 2013). Other studies show that this plant 99

has also antiallergenic and anti- inflammatory properties (Sohn et al., 2011). Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. – In numerous countries, it is even cultivated (synonym Lappa minor, A. pubens) - as edible plant (Sohn et al., 2011). As lesser burdock (Figure 2, 3) – is a such, the roots are used worldwide for biannual herbaceous plant with large cooking, while the seeds are used in leaves and purple flowers. Starting with its traditional medicines as diuretic and as second year, the plant can reach heights detoxifying (Park et al., 2007). A substance ranging between 90 and 210 cm (Lubian et named arctigenina is extracted from A. al., 2010). The species multiples only lappa, a bioactive lignin with numerous through seeds, while the blooming stem biologic activities (De Almeida et al., 2013). grows as a rosette and is strongly ramified; Furthermore, the plant is used for treating the leaves are alternate, 50x35 cm in diseases such as arterial hypertension, height, ovate up to cordate or rounded, gout and hepatitis (Predes et al., 2011). glabrous above and tormentose on the Traditional Chinese medicine recommends back (Gross et al., 1980). The flowers do these roots as aphrodisiac agent (Jiang et not have a smell but attract insects as they al., 2017). The species ca be used as have an increased reflection degree of blue nourishment as it contains a higher ultraviolet light (Duistermaat et al., 1996). quantity of polyzaharids and residues than In Brazil, the plant grows spontaneously on certain legumes and as it is easily fields, at the margin of forests and can accessible all year long (Huang et al., even become an invasive species (Cavalli 2010). et al., 2007). Originating from Japan, the plant was used even from antiquity in medicinal purposes, especially for treating diabetes, as it is a good hypoglycemic agent (Cavalli et al., 2007). In addition, the plant is widespread in North and South America where it is considered a weed, and grows rarely even in Africa (López‐Vinyallonga et al., 2010).

Figure 1. Arctium lappa

100

Figure 2. Arctium minus Figure 3. Arctium pubens

Arctium nemorosum Lej. and medicinal plants being also mentioned (synonym Lappa nemorosa, L. in the National Red Dook (Radušienė, macrosperma, A. macrospermum) (Figure 2002). Onopordopicrin is extracted from its 4) – is a protected and endangered species aerial parts, having an inhibiting effect on in Finland (Galambosi, 2002), while in certain parasites (Zimmermann et al., Lithuania is included in the list of aromatic 2012). tomentosa) – was identified in European countries, as well as in Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It can also be found in Canada and the USA (Hassler, 2019). The main difference from A. lappa and A. minus is given by a corymb form inflorescence with a glandular corolla (Moore and Frankton 1974 in Gross et al., 1980).

THE PLANTS HARVESTING YEARS The plants of this genus were gathered in an interval of approximately 100 years, with the first plant collected in 1875 (Arctium nemorosum), and the last Figure 4. Arctium nemorosum one in 1978 (Lappa macrosperma synonymous with A. lappa). Three of these Arctium tomentosum Mill. vouchers are not dated at all, while other (synonym A. leptophyllum, Lappa three have only the harvesting date and 101

month. However, the majority of the plants the same interval (1940-1949), the majority were harvested during 1940-1949 (32 of Gentiana samples were also gathered samples), followed by 1930-1939, when 15 (Enescu et al., 2018b). Long intervals of plants were collected (Figure 5). As such, time (amounting to 30 years) when plants 47 plants from the 65 Arctium plants belonging to this genus were not harvested conserved in “Al. Beldie” Herbarium were were also identified. harvested in an interval of twenty years. In

Figure 5. Number of plants from Arctium genus harvested in different time periods

Bucharest. The second place is occupied by Transylvania, from where 11 samples were gathered, followed by the North part with nine samples. Amongst these nine HARVESTING PLACE samples, eight were collected from A historical map of Romania’s Cernauti, an area that presently does not counties was used in order to render belong to Romania. The least number of correctly the harvesting locations (Figure plants were collected from the West part, 6). This map contains the exact names namely from Timis and Caras-Severin. A from the voucher’s labels. The majority of few plants belonging to Arctium Genus samples (22) were harvested from the were also gathered from abroad, namely South part, namely from Muntenia and four samples, two from Sweden, one from Oltenia, with a predominance in Ilfov and France and another one from Hungary.

102

Figure 6. Harvesting place of Arctium plants

The persons that have collected Cretzoiu, who has died at the early age of Arctium plants are renowned Romanian 35 (www.wikidata.org), Sergiu Pașcovschi - and foreign botanists. Amongst the a Basarabian silvicultor preoccupied by the Romanian ones we mention G.P. Romanian forestry typology (Doniță and Grințescu, pharmacist doctor specialized in Biriș, 2018), Iuliu Morariu - university medicinal plants who has obtained a professor and the founder of the Scientific Romanian Academy award Herbarium from Brasov’s Silviculture (www.medichub.ro). He is responsible for Faculty (Parascan, 2014), Erasmus the majority of plants belonging to this Nyárády – Romanian botanists of genus and conserved in the herbarium but Hungarian origins from Transylvania, has also collected plants with other foreign professor at Cluj University and member of botanists such as the German mycology the Romanian Academy (Mititelu et al., specialist H. Wolff (www.wikidata.org). 1994), Atanase Haralamb – silviculture Another important botanists were: P. engineer, founding member of the Forestry Research and Development Institute, Maramureș, at Borșa, where he realized professor at Brasov’s Silviculture Faculty detailed studies in Rodnei Mountains (www.unitbv.ro), Marin Păun – botanist and (Bîrda and Nădișan, 2017), with an Arctium university professor, Artur Coman – sample harvested by him from Maramureș, renowned botanist and silvicultor born in Vișeul de Sus.

103

CONCLUSIONS Romania, with a focus on the South part Arctium species conserved in “Al. (Muntenia and Oltenia). These plants are Beldie” Herbarium amount to 65 vouchers widespread in both Europe and Asia, as that date back from 1875 up to 1978. The well as in North and South America. Some oldest conserved plant is an Arctium of these plants (A. lappa, A. minus) have nemorosum gathered from Hungary by the numerous usages in traditional medicine famous botanist G. P. Grintescu. The last such as detoxification, as diuretic or collected plant is a Lappa macrosperma. digestive stimulant. The majority of plants are harvested from

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. De Almeida, A. B. A., Sanchez- 6. Dincă, M., Dincă, L., Vasile, D., 2017a. Hidalgo, M., Martín, A. R., Luiz-Ferreira, A short description of Androsace genre A., Trigo, J. R., Vilegas, W., ... & de la plants present in Alexandru Beldie Lastra, C. A., 2013. Anti-inflammatory Herbarium from I.N.C.D.S. Bucharest. intestinal activity of Arctium lappa Currents Trends in Natural Sciences, L.(Asteraceae) in TNBS colitis model. 6(12), p. 16-24. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 146(1), p. 7. Dincă L., Cântar, I.C., 2017. A short 300-310. description of Scorzonera plant species 2. Bârda, M., Nădișan, I., 2017. Artur present in Alexandru beldie Herbarium Coman – botanist maramureșean de from I.N.C.D.S. Bucharest. Annals of anvergură europeană. Revista de University of Craiova - Agriculture, Silvicultura si Cinegetica, 41, p. 114-119. Montanology, Cadastre Series, 47, p.118- 3. Cavalli, V. L. L. O., Sordi, C., Tonini, 126. K., Grando, A., Muneron, T., Guigi, A., 8. Dincă, L., Vasile, D., Dincă, M., 2017b. Roman Júnior, W. A., 2007. Avaliação in Short characterisation of plant species from vivo do efeito hipoglicemiante de extratos Centaurea genus present in Al.Beldie obtidos da raiz e folha de bardana Arctium Herbarium from Marin Dracea National minus (Hill.) Bernh. Rev Bras Farmacogn, Institute for Reseach and Development in 17, p. 64-70. Forestry Bucharest. Annals of University of 4. Cântar, I.C., Dincă, L., 2018. Trifolium Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, genus species present in "Alexandru Cadastre Series, 47, p. 127-135. Beldie" Herbarium from “Marin Drăcea” 9. Dincă, L., Enescu, R., Oneț, A., Laslo, National Institute for Reseach and V., Oneț, C., 2017c. Plant species from "Al. Development in Forestry, Annals of West Beldie" Herbarium - Veronica genus - short University of Timisora, ser. Biology, 21(2), description. Natural Resources and p. 123-132. Sustainable Development, 9, p. 43-50. 5. Crișan, V., Dincă, L., Oneț, C., Oneț, 10. Doniță, N. Biriș, I.A., 2018. Contribuții A., 2017. Collection species from Potentilla ale unor silvicultori basarabeni la genus. Natural Resources and Sustainable dezvoltarea științelor silvice în România. Development, 21(70), p. 27-34. Bucovina Forestieră, 18 (2), p. 182-190.

104

11. Duistermaat, H. 1996. Monograph of of Arctium lappa L. (burdock) roots on the Arctium L. (Asteraceae). Generic sexual behavior of male rats. BMC delimitation (including Cousinia Cass, pp), complementary and alternative medicine, revision of the species, pollen morphology, 12(1), p. 1-8. and hybrids. Gorteria-Supplement, 3(1), p. 20. López‐Vinyallonga, S., Arakaki, M., 1-143. Garcia‐Jacas, N., Susanna, A., 12. Enescu, C.M., Dincă, L., Cântar, I., Gitzendanner, M. A., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, 2018a. Firs of “Alexandru Beldie” P. S., 2010. Isolation and characterization herbarium. Research Journal of of novel microsatellite markers for Arctium Agricultural Science, 50 (1), p. 57-61. minus (Compositae). American journal of 13. Enescu, R., Dincă, L., Cântar, I.C., botany, 97(2), p. e4-e6. 2017. Description of plant species of 21. Lubian, C. T., Teixeira, J. M., Lund, Ornithoghalum genus present in Al. Beldie R. G., Nascente, P. S., Del Pino, F. A. B., Herbarium from "Marin Drăcea" Bucharest 2010. Atividade antifúngica do extrato N.I.R.D.F. JOURNAL of Horticulture, aquoso de Arctium minus (Hill) Forestry and Biotechnology, 21 (3), p. 89- Bernh.(Asteraceae) sobre espécies orais 95. de Candida. Revista Brasileira de Plantas 14. Enescu, R.E., Vechiu, E., Cântar, I., Medicinais, 12(2), p. 157-162. 2018b. Herbarium survey of genus 22. Mititelu, D., Vițalariu, C., Navrotescu, Gentiana L. Research Journal of T., et al., 1994. Botaniști, agronomi și Agricultural Science, 50 (2), p. 51-59. silvici, membri ai Academiei Române. 15. Galambosi, B. 2002. Medicinal and Studii și Comunicări 1980-1993, 13, p. 235- aromatic plants in Finland. compilers. 270. 2004. Report of a Working Group on 23. Parascan, D., 2014. Profil de magistru: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 91. Profesorul IULIU MORARIU. Bucovina 16. Gross, R., Werner, P., Hawthorn, W., forestiera, 14 (1), p. 107-112. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds. 38. 24. Park, S. Y., Hong, S. S., Han, X. H., Arctium minus (Hill) Bernch. And A. lappa Hwang, J. S., Lee, D., Ro, J. S., Hwang, L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 60, B. Y., 2007. Lignans from Arctium lappa p. 621-634. and their inhibition of LPS-induced nitric 17. Hassler, M., 2019. World Plants: oxide production. Chemical and Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular pharmaceutical bulletin, 55(1), p. 150-152. Plants of the World (version Nov 2018). In: 25. Predes, F. S., Ruiz, A. L., Carvalho, Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, J. E., Foglio, M. A., Dolder, H., 2011. 2019 Annual Checklist. Antioxidative and in vitro antiproliferative 18. Huang, T. C., Tsai, S. S., Liu, L. F., activity of Arctium lappa root extracts. BMC Liu, Y. L., Liu, H. J., Chuang, K. P., 2010. complementary and alternative medicine, Effect of Arctium lappa L. in the dextran 11(1), p. 1-5. sulfate sodium colitis mouse model. World 26. Radušienė, J., 2002. Conservation of journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 16(33), medicinal and aromatic plants in Lithuania. p. 4193-4199. compilers. 2004. Report of a Working 19. Jian Feng, C., Peng Ying, Z., Cheng Group on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Wei, X., TaoTao, H., Yun Gui, B., Kao 73. Shan, C., 2012. Effect of aqueous extract

105

27. Sohn, E. H., Jang, S. A., Joo, H., based on the plants present in Al. Beldie Park, S., Kang, S. C., Lee, C. H., Kim, S. Herbarium. Research Journal of Y., 2011. Anti-allergic and anti- Agricultural Science, 50(4), p. 385-390. inflammatory effects of butanol extract from 31. Zimmermann, S., Thomi, S., Kaiser, Arctium Lappa L. Clinical and Molecular M., Hamburger, M., Adams, M., 2012. Allergy, 9(1), p. 1-11. Screening and HPLC-based activity 28. Susanna, A., Garcia-Jacas, N., profiling for new antiprotozoal leads from Vilatersana, R., Garnatje, T., 2003. European plants. Scientia pharmaceutica, Generic boundaries and evolution of 80(1), p. 205-214. characters in the Arctium group: a nuclear 32. ***The Plant List 2013. Version 1.1. and chloroplast DNA analysis. Collectanea Published on the Internet; Botanica, 26, p. 101-118. http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 30 29. Vechiu, E., Dincă, L., Bratu, I., 2018a. March). The characteristics of Polygonum plants 33. www.medichub.ro present in the Alexandru Beldie Herbarium. 34. www.unitbv.ro Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 34. www.wikidata.org 50(4), p. 378-384. 35.www.wikipedia.org 30. Vechiu, E., Dincă, L., Cântar, I.C., 2018b. Describing the Lycopodium Genus

106