DOCSLIB.ORG

Mihály Csíkszentmihályi 19 Wikipedia Articles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mihály Csíkszentmihályi 19 Wikipedia Articles Mihály Csíkszentmihályi 19 Wikipedia Articles PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 07 Jan 2012 03:52:33 UTC Contents Articles Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 1 Flow (psychology) 4 Overlearning 16 Relaxation (psychology) 17 Boredom 18 Apathy 22 Worry 25 Anxiety 27 Arousal 33 Mindfulness (psychology) 34 Meditation 44 Yoga 66 Alexander technique 82 Martial arts 87 John Neulinger 97 Experience sampling method 100 Cognitive science 101 Attention 112 Creativity 117 References Article Sources and Contributors 139 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 144 Article Licenses License 146 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 1 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ( /ˈmiːhaɪˌtʃiːksɛntməˈhaɪ.iː/ mee-hy cheek-sent-mə-hy-ee; Hungarian: Csíkszentmihályi Mihály Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈtʃiːksɛntmihaːji ˈmihaːj]; born September 29, 1934, in Fiume, Italy – now Rijeka, Croatia) is a Hungarian psychology professor, who emigrated to the United States at the age of 22. Now at Claremont Graduate University, he is the former head of the department of psychology at the University of Chicago and of the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College. He is noted for both his work in the study of happiness and creativity and also for his notoriously difficult name, in terms of pronunciation for non-native speakers of the Hungarian language, but is best known as the architect of the notion of flow and for his years of research and writing on the topic. He is the author of many books and over 120 articles or book chapters. Martin Seligman, former president of the American Psychological Association, described Csikszentmihalyi as the world's leading researcher on positive psychology.[1] Csikszentmihalyi once said "Repression is not the way to virtue. When people restrain themselves out of fear, their lives are by necessity diminished. Only through freely chosen discipline can life be enjoyed and still kept within the bounds of reason."[2] His works are influential and are widely cited.[3] Personal background He received his B.A. in 1960 and his Ph.D. in 1965, both from the University of Chicago. He is the father of MIT Media Lab researcher Christopher Csikszentmihalyi and University of California - Berkeley[4] professor of philosophical and religious traditions of China and East Asia, Mark Csikszentmihalyi. In 2009, he was awarded the Clifton Strengths Prize [5] and received the Széchenyi Prize at a ceremony in Budapest in 2011.[6] Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 2 Flow In his seminal work, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Csíkszentmihályi outlines his theory that people are most happy when they are in a state of flow— a state of concentration or complete absorption with the activity at hand and the situation. It is a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter (Csikszentmihalyi,1990). The idea of flow is identical to the feeling of being in the zone or in the groove. The flow state is an optimal state of intrinsic motivation, where the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing. This is a feeling everyone has at times, characterized by a feeling of great absorption, engagement, fulfillment, and skill—and during which temporal concerns (time, food, ego-self, etc.) are typically Mental state in terms of challenge level and skill level, according to ignored.[7] Csikszentmihalyi.<ref name="Finding Flow">Csikszentmihalyi, M., Finding Flow, 1997.</ref> (Click on a fragment of the image to go to the appropriate article) In an interview with Wired magazine, Csíkszentmihályi described flow as "being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and you're using your skills to the utmost."[8] To achieve a flow state, a balance must be struck between the challenge of the task and the skill of the performer. If the task is too easy or too difficult, flow cannot occur. Both skill level and challenge level must be matched and high; if skill and challenge are low and matched, then apathy results.[] The flow state also implies a kind of focused attention, and indeed, it has been noted that mindfulness, meditation, yoga, the Alexander Technique, and martial arts seem to improve a person's capacity for flow. Among other benefits, all of these activities train and improve attention. In short, flow could be described as a state where attention, motivation, and the situation meet, resulting in a kind of productive harmony or feedback. Publications • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1975). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety: Experiencing Flow in Work and Play, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-87589-261-2 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1978) Intrinsic Rewards and Emergent Motivation in The Hidden Costs of Reward : New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation eds Lepper, Mark R;Greene, David, Erlbaum: Hillsdale: NY 205-216 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly and Csikszentmihalyi, Isabella Selega, eds. (1988). Optimal Experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34288-0 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1994). "The Evolving Self", New York: Harper Perennial . ISBN 0060921927 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi 3 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1996). Creativity : Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-092820-4 • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1998). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement With Everyday Life. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02411-4 (a popular exposition emphasizing technique) • Gardner, Howard, Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Damon, William (2002). Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet. New York, Basic Books. • Gardner, Howard, Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, and Damon, William (2002). Good Business: Leadership, Flow, and the Making of Meaning. Basic Books. ISBN 0465026087 References [1] Thinker of the Year Award (http:/ / www. brainchannels. com/ thinker/ mihaly. html) [2] http:/ / www. focusdep. com/ quotes/ topics/ virtue/ start/ 0/ [3] Nigel King & Neil Anderson (2002). Managing Innovation and Change. Cengage Learning EMEA. p. 82. (ISBN 1861527837) [4] http:/ / eall. wisc. edu/ ?q=node/ 28 East Asian Languages and Literature [5] http:/ / strengths. org/ prize. shtml [6] http:/ / www. cgu. edu/ pages/ 4546. asp?item=5242 [7] Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-092043-2 [8] Geirland, John (1996). "Go With The Flow". Wired magazine, September, Issue 4.09. (http:/ / www. wired. com/ wired/ archive/ 4. 09/ czik_pr. html) External links • Faculty page (http:/ / www. cgu. edu/ pages/ 4751. asp) at Claremont Graduate University • Brain Channels Thinker of the Year - 2000 (http:/ / www. brainchannels. com/ thinker/ mihaly. html) • Interview with Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 2006 (http:/ / video. google. com/ videoplay?docid=-2868591389059000099& q=csikszentmihalyi& total=14& start=0& num=10& so=0& type=search& plindex=0) • TED Talks: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi on flow (http:/ / www. ted. com/ talks/ view/ id/ 366) at TED in 2004 • Video Interview on the Flow of Goodness (http:/ / blip. tv/ file/ 71230/ ) Flow (psychology) 4 Flow (psychology) Flow is the mental state of operation in which a person in an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity. Proposed by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the positive psychology concept has been widely referenced across a variety of fields.[1] According to Csíkszentmihályi, flow is completely focused motivation. It is a single-minded immersion and represents perhaps the ultimate in harnessing the emotions in the service of performing and learning. In flow, the emotions are not just contained and channeled, but positive, energized, and aligned with the task at hand. To be caught in the ennui of depression or the agitation of anxiety is to be barred from flow. The hallmark of flow is a feeling of spontaneous joy, even rapture, while Concentrating upon a task is one aspect of flow. performing a task[2] although flow is also described (below) as a deep focus on nothing but the activity – not even oneself or one's emotions. Colloquial terms for this or similar mental states include: to be on the ball, in the moment, present, in the zone, wired in, in the groove, or owning. Components of flow Csíkszentmihályi identifies the following ten factors as accompanying an experience of flow [3] [4] 1. Clear goals (expectations and rules are discernible and goals are attainable and align appropriately with one's skill set and abilities). Moreover, the challenge level and skill level should both be high.[5] 2. Concentrating, a high degree of concentration on a limited field of attention (a person engaged in the activity will have the opportunity to focus and to delve deeply into it). 3. A loss of the feeling of self-consciousness, the merging of action and awareness. 4. Distorted sense of time, one's subjective experience of time is altered. 5. Direct and immediate feedback (successes and failures in the course of the activity are apparent, so that behavior can be adjusted as needed). 6. Balance between ability level and challenge (the activity is neither too easy nor too difficult). 7. A sense of personal control
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Christopher Isherwood Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8pk0gr7 No online items Christopher Isherwood Papers Finding aid prepared by Sara S. Hodson with April Cunningham, Alison Dinicola, Gayle M. Richardson, Natalie Russell, Rebecca Tuttle, and Diann Benti. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2191 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org © October 2, 2000. Updated: January 12, 2007, April 14, 2010 and March 10, 2017 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Christopher Isherwood Papers CI 1-4758; FAC 1346-1397 1 Overview of the Collection Title: Christopher Isherwood Papers Dates (inclusive): 1864-2004 Bulk dates: 1925-1986 Collection Number: CI 1-4758; FAC 1346-1397 Creator: Isherwood, Christopher, 1904-1986. Extent: 6,261 pieces, plus ephemera. Repository: The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. Manuscripts Department 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2191 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org Abstract: This collection contains the papers of British-American writer Christopher Isherwood (1904-1986), chiefly dating from the 1920s to the 1980s. Consisting of scripts, literary manuscripts, correspondence, diaries, photographs, ephemera, audiovisual material, and Isherwood’s library, the archive is an exceptionally rich resource for research on Isherwood, as well as W.H. Auden, Stephen Spender and others. Subjects documented in the collection include homosexuality and gay rights, pacifism, and Vedanta. Language: English. Access The collection is open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department, with two exceptions: • The series of Isherwood’s daily diaries, which are closed until January 1, 2030.
    [Show full text]
  • A Wearable Device to Induce and Enhance the ASMR Phenomenon for Mental Well-Being Sub Title Author Jalloul, Safa Ku
    Title HESS : a wearable device to induce and enhance the ASMR phenomenon for mental well-being Sub Title Author Jalloul, Safa Kunze, Kai Publisher 慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科 Publication year 2018 Jtitle Abstract Notes 修士学位論文. 2018年度メディアデザイン学 第680号 Genre Thesis or Dissertation URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=KO40001001-0000201 8-0680 慶應義塾大学学術情報リポジトリ(KOARA)に掲載されているコンテンツの著作権は、それぞれの著作者、学会または出版社/発行者に帰属し、その権利は著作権法によって 保護されています。引用にあたっては、著作権法を遵守してご利用ください。 The copyrights of content available on the KeiO Associated Repository of Academic resources (KOARA) belong to the respective authors, academic societies, or publishers/issuers, and these rights are protected by the Japanese Copyright Act. When quoting the content, please follow the Japanese copyright act. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Master's Thesis Academic Year 2018 HESS: a Wearable Device to Induce and Enhance the ASMR Phenomenon for Mental Well-being Keio University Graduate School of Media Design Safa Jalloul A Master's Thesis submitted to Keio University Graduate School of Media Design in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Media Design Safa Jalloul Master's Thesis Advisory Committee: Associate Professor Kai Kunze (Main Research Supervisor) Professor Matthew Waldman (Sub Research Supervisor) Master's Thesis Review Committee: Associate Professor Kai Kunze (Chair) Professor Matthew Waldman (Co-Reviewer) Professor Keiko Okawa (Co-Reviewer) Abstract of Master's Thesis of Academic Year 2018 HESS: a Wearable Device to Induce and Enhance the ASMR Phenomenon for Mental Well-being Category: Design Summary In our fast-paced society, stress and anxiety have become increasingly common. The ability to find coping mechanisms becomes essential to reach a healthy mental condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversations with Swami Turiyananda
    CONVERSATIONS WITH SWAMI TURIYANANDA Recorded by Swami Raghavananda and translated by Swami Prabhavananda (This month's reading is from the Jan.-Feb., 1957 issue of Vedanta and the West.) The spiritual talks published below took place at Almora in the Himalayas during the summer of 1915 in the ashrama which Swami Turiyananda had established in cooperation with his brother-disciple, Swami Shivananda. During the course of these conversations, Swami Turiyananda describes the early days at Dakshineswar with his master, Sri Ramakrishna, leaving a fascinating record of the training of an illumined soul by this God-man of India. His memories of life with his brother-disciples at Baranagore, under Swami Vivekananda’s leadership, give a glimpse of the disciplines and struggles that formed the basis of the young Ramakrishna Order. Above all, Swami Turiyananada’s teachings in the pages that follow contain practical counsel on many aspects of religious life of interest to every spiritual seeker. Swami Turiyananda spent most of his life in austere spiritual practices. In 1899, he came to the United States where he taught Vedanta for three years, first in New York, later on the West Coast. By the example of his spirituality he greatly influenced the lives of many spiritual aspirants both in America and India. He was regarded by Sri Ramakrishna as the perfect embodiment of that renunciation which is taught in the Bhagavad Gita Swami Shivananda, some of whose talks are included below, was also a man of the highest spiritual realizations. He later became the second President of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Sri Ramakrishna, Modern Spirit, and Religion
    SWAMI PRABHAVANANDA RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY Sri Ramakrishna, Modern Spirit, and Religion SWAMI PRABHAVANANDA mongst the students of religion who men alive. Yet the state of samàdhi still are acquainted with the life of Sri remained to him an abnormality. ARamakrishna, perhaps only a few In this connection one may also mention regard his life in all its phases as historically Professor Max Muller, and Romain Rolland, true. To these few, what appears to the rest biographers of Ramakrishna, and two of the as belonging to the class of legend and greatest thinkers of our age. They were mythology becomes living spiritual truth. To attracted to and admired the superior spiritual them even the lives of Krishna, Buddha, or genius of the man Ramakrishna, yet viewed Christ which seem lost in the mist of myth many of the incidents of his life as legendary, and legend become true and living in the and some of his spiritual experiences as light of the life of Ramakrishna. But apart delusions, or mental aberrations. from these few, however, to most people Let us, therefore, analyse why there is who have drunk deep of the modern spirit, this contradiction in the estimation of who refuse to accept anything as true which Ramakrishna; why he is accepted as a is beyond the realm of their personal spiritual genius by those very people who at discoveries and thus are circumscribed by the same time reject some of the most their own limitations, much that is told of Sri important experiences of his life— Ramakrishna’s life appears as legendary, experiences which made him what he was.
    [Show full text]
  • Rules and Options
    Rules and Options The author has attempted to draw as much as possible from the guidelines provided in the 5th edition Players Handbooks and Dungeon Master's Guide. Statistics for weapons listed in the Dungeon Master's Guide were used to develop the damage scales used in this book. Interestingly, these scales correspond fairly well with the values listed in the d20 Modern books. Game masters should feel free to modify any of the statistics or optional rules in this book as necessary. It is important to remember that Dungeons and Dragons abstracts combat to a degree, and does so more than many other game systems, in the name of playability. For this reason, the subtle differences that exist between many firearms will often drop below what might be called a "horizon of granularity." In D&D, for example, two pistols that real world shooters could spend hours discussing, debating how a few extra ounces of weight or different barrel lengths might affect accuracy, or how different kinds of ammunition (soft-nosed, armor-piercing, etc.) might affect damage, may be, in game terms, almost identical. This is neither good nor bad; it is just the way Dungeons and Dragons handles such things. Who can use firearms? Firearms are assumed to be martial ranged weapons. Characters from worlds where firearms are common and who can use martial ranged weapons will be proficient in them. Anyone else will have to train to gain proficiency— the specifics are left to individual game masters. Optionally, the game master may also allow characters with individual weapon proficiencies to trade one proficiency for an equivalent one at the time of character creation (e.g., monks can trade shortswords for one specific martial melee weapon like a war scythe, rogues can trade hand crossbows for one kind of firearm like a Glock 17 pistol, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Goodbye to Berlin: Erich Kästner and Christopher Isherwood
    Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association ISSN: 0001-2793 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yjli19 GOODBYE TO BERLIN: ERICH KÄSTNER AND CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD YVONNE HOLBECHE To cite this article: YVONNE HOLBECHE (2000) GOODBYE TO BERLIN: ERICH KÄSTNER AND CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD, Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association, 94:1, 35-54, DOI: 10.1179/aulla.2000.94.1.004 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1179/aulla.2000.94.1.004 Published online: 31 Mar 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 33 Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yjli20 GOODBYE TO BERLIN: ERICH KASTNER AND CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD YVONNE HOLBECHE University of Sydney In their novels Fabian (1931) and Goodbye to Berlin (1939), two writers from different European cultures, Erich Mstner and Christopher Isherwood, present fictional models of the Berlin of the final years of the Weimar Republic and, in Isherwood's case, the beginning of the Nazi era as wel1. 1 The insider Kastner—the Dresden-born, left-liberal intellectual who, before the publication ofFabian, had made his name as the author not only of a highly successful children's novel but also of acute satiric verse—had a keen insight into the symptoms of the collapse of the republic. The Englishman Isherwood, on the other hand, who had come to Berlin in 1929 principally because of the sexual freedom it offered him as a homosexual, remained an outsider in Germany,2 despite living in Berlin for over three years and enjoying a wide range of contacts with various social groups.' At first sight the authorial positions could hardly be more different.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward the Integration of Meditation Into Higher Education: a Review of Research
    Toward the Integration of Meditation into Higher Education: A Review of Research Prepared for the Center for Contemplative Mind in Society by Shauna L. Shapiro Santa Clara University Kirk Warren Brown Virginia Commonwealth University John A. Astin California Pacific Medical Center Supplemental research and editing: Maia Duerr, Five Directions Consulting October 2008 2 Abstract There is growing interest in the integration of meditation into higher education (Bush, 2006). This paper reviews empirical evidence related to the use of meditation to facilitate the achievement of traditional educational goals, to help support student mental health under academic stress, and to enhance education of the “whole person.” Drawing on four decades of research conducted with two primary forms of meditation, we demonstrate how these practices may help to foster important cognitive skills of attention and information processing, as well as help to build stress resilience and adaptive interpersonal capacities. This paper also offers directions for future research, highlighting the importance of theory-based investigations, increased methodological rigor, expansion of the scope of education-related outcomes studied, and the study of best practices for teaching meditation in educational settings. 3 Meditation and Higher Education: Key Research Findings Cognitive and Academic Performance • Mindfulness meditation may improve ability to maintain preparedness and orient attention. • Mindfulness meditation may improve ability to process information quickly and accurately. • Concentration-based meditation, practiced over a long-term, may have a positive impact on academic achievement. Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being • Mindfulness meditation may decrease stress, anxiety, and depression. • Mindfulness meditation supports better regulation of emotional reactions and the cultivation of positive psychological states.
    [Show full text]
  • Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
    Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Bandha and Mudra
    Mandala Yoga Ashram Yoga Teacher Training Course Prospectus September 2019 - July 2021 Mandala Yoga Ashram: Yoga Teacher Training Course 2019-2021 www.mandalayogaashram.co.uk 1 Introduction Mandala Yoga Ashram, under the guidance of Swami Nishchalananda, has been conducting authentic Yoga Teacher Training Courses (YTTC) for almost 30 years. The courses offer a unique training to all those who aspire to become quality yoga teachers from a strong foundation of personal practice, discovery and understanding. This 500-hour course will develop the skills and experience required to teach yoga to others as well as emphasising and promoting the deepening of each students’ personal yoga practice. The course is unique in the U.K. as it not only gives the essential skills and training to teach yoga to adults, but also a systematic training in how to teach both meditation and yoga nidra. Furthermore, students gain valuable exposure to Ashram life which gives an added depth and breadth of spiritual experience to enhance their teaching ability. The course will be for two years and includes a total of 69 days of tuition during residential retreats at the Ashram (see pg. 12). The course is well recognised within the U.K. and Ashram graduates successfully teach throughout the U.K. and abroad. Mandala Yoga Ashram: Yoga Teacher Training Course 2019-2021 www.mandalayogaashram.co.uk 2 Why choose this Course? • Authentic depth of training designed to encourage deeper realisation and awakening to our essential nature • A full training in teaching the popular
    [Show full text]
  • Avoiding Spiritual Bypass in 12-Step Work By
    Step by Step: Avoiding Spiritual Bypass in 12-Step Work By: Craig S. Cashwell, Philip B. Clarke, and Elizabeth G. Graves Cashwell, C. S., Clarke, P. B., & Graves, E. G. (2009). Step by step: Avoiding spiritual bypass in 12-step work. Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling, 30, 37-48. Reprinted from Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling, Vol. 30, pp. 37-48. © 2009 The American Counseling Association. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction authorized without written permission from the American Counseling Association: http://www.counseling.org Abstract: With spirituality as a cornerstone, 12-step groups serve a vital role in the recovery community. It is important for counselors to be mindful, however, of the potential for clients to be in spiritual bypass, which likely will undermine the recovery process. Individuals who struggle with substance and process addictions often participate in 12-step groups as an adjunct to the therapeutic process or in lieu of formal treatment (Knack, 2009). In fact, empirical evidence suggests that well over 50% of those who receive formal treatment for alcohol or other illicit psychoactive substances participate in some form of self-help groups, with the majority of these in groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), predicated on the 12-step model (Magura, 2007). As many as 5 million people in the United States are believed to have attended an alcohol- or drug-related self-help group over a 2-year period (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, 2008). Furthermore, referrals to self-help groups are a commonly recommended adjunct to the therapeutic process (American Psychiatric Association, 1995), and, in many instances, researchers have found that attendance in 12-step groups enhances therapeutic benefits and supports sobriety (Gossop, Stewart, & Marsden, 2008; Moos & Timko, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • By Peter Dell ' O Rto and S Ean Punch
    BY P ETER D ELL’ORTO AND S EAN P UNCH Written by PETER DELL’ORTO and SEAN PUNCH Additional Material by VOLKER BACH and C.J. CARELLA Edited by SEAN PUNCH Cover Art by BOB STEVLIC Illustrated by ABRAR AJMAL and BOB STEVLIC ISBN 978-1-55634-762-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 STEVE JACKSON GAMES Committed Attack . 99 Defensive Attack. 100 Evaluate . 100 Feint . 100 ONTENTS Ready . 101 C Who Draws First?. 103 Move . 105 Realism Level . 29 INTRODUCTION . 4 Move and Attack . 107 Beginning Students as PCs. 30 Publication History . 4 Wait . 108 About the Authors . 4 CHARACTER TEMPLATES . 31 ADDITIONAL COMBAT OPTIONS . 109 Del Duque (350 points) . 33 Melee Attack Options . 109 1. HISTORY . 5 Frauds . 35 A Matter of Inches . 110 Adrian Froste (200 points) . 37 TIMELINE . 6 Untrained Fighters . 113 Kai Lian (250 points) . 39 ASIA . 8 Close-Combat Options. 114 China . 8 ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, Teeth. 115 Xia . 8 AND SKILLS . 42 Grab and Smash! . 118 Monks and Martial Arts . 9 Advantages . 42 Ranged Attack Options . 119 India . 10 Desirable Advantages . 43 Rapid Fire with Thrown Weapons. 120 Northern vs. Southern Kung Fu . 10 Chi Powers for Martial Artists . 46 Active Defense Options . 121 Religion, Philosophy, and Fists . 11 Perks . 49 Harsh Realism for Indonesian Archipelago. 12 Disadvantages. 53 Unarmed Fighters . 124 Japan . 12 Common Disadvantages. 53 CINEMATIC COMBAT . 125 Ryu . 12 Skills . 54 Multiple Attacks . 126 Ninja: Legend vs. History . 13 Combat Skills . 55 Chambara Fighting . 128 Korea. 14 Wildcard Skills for Styles . 60 Mind Games . 130 Other Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Hinduism | Vedas | Shiva
    Encyclopedia of Hinduism J: AF Encyclopedia of Buddhism Encyclopedia of Catholicism Encyclopedia of Hinduism Encyclopedia of Islam Encyclopedia of Judaism Encyclopedia of Protestantism Encyclopedia of World Religions nnnnnnnnnnn Encyclopedia of Hinduism J: AF Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor Encyclopedia of Hinduism Copyright © 2007 by Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 ISBN-10: 0-8160-5458-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5458-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, Constance A., 1961– Encyclopedia of Hinduism / Constance A. Jones and James D. Ryan. p. cm. — (Encyclopedia of world religions) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9 1. Hinduism—Encyclopedias. I. Ryan, James D. II. Title. III. Series. BL1105.J56 2006 294.503—dc22 2006044419 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]