The National Commemoration of Jayforce ON THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY OF ITS ARRIVAL IN JAPAN

Pukeahu National War Memorial Park 19 March 2021 CONTENTS

A MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL 4

OVERVIEW OF JAYFORCE 6

ORDER OF CEREMONY 8

INTRODUCTION OF THE JAYFORCE VETERANS 10

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Some of the last WAACs to leave Japan, ready to embark at Kure, 1948. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: PA1-q-308-1568 PUKEAHU NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL PARK

2 A MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL

Previously, members of Jayforce had known the Japanese only as a feared enemy. During their time in Japan, New Zealanders came to learn about the differences in customs and culture, and realised the enemy had a human face. Friendships and marriages created lasting bonds between our countries. Indeed, many consider the occupation of Jayforce to have marked the beginnings of a new understanding between our peoples, and heralded the close relationship we enjoy today. The men and women of Jayforce had to Kia ora koutou wait nearly 50 years to receive a Service Medal for their Today we commemorate the service of time in Japan, and it is a very special more than 12,000 New Zealanders who privilege to welcome some of those took part in the post-war occupation veterans from around the country of Japan. to Pukeahu National War Memorial New Zealand’s service in Japan was our Park today. I am pleased this national most significant military commitment commemoration finally gives us the between the end of the Second World opportunity to honour the service of War and the in 1950. Some these dedicated and courageous members of Jayforce came straight New Zealanders. from service in Italy, while others came months later from New Zealand to live and work in a country grappling with defeat and immense loss. Cities had been devastated by Allied air raids: New Zealanders were shocked by the unimaginable destruction left behind Her Excellency by the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Dame Patsy Reddy GNZM, QSO Nagasaki. Poverty and homelessness Governor-General of New Zealand New Zealanders on occupation duties, Japan, c.1946. were rife. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: J-0138-F

4 5 OVERVIEW OF JAYFORCE

Seventy-five years ago, on 19 March servicemen and women left rules were progressively relaxed, and Others would return to Japan during 1946, more than 4,200 New Zealand New Zealand between May 1946 the New Zealanders mixed with the local the Korean War of 1950–53, where the troops arrived in Japan to serve in the and August 1947. population, they were challenged to country they had once occupied acted as 36,000-strong British Commonwealth reconsider their negative prejudices. a base for operations. Looking back, the Jayforce was deployed in Yamaguchi Occupation Force (BCOF). Officially post-war occupation can be understood prefecture on the southern tip of More than 12,000 New Zealanders the Second New Zealand Expeditionary as marking the tentative beginnings of Honshu and on nearby Eta Jima island. served in Jayforce. Seventeen died, Force (2NZEF), Japan, the what has become, seven decades later, This was a relatively poor rural area including two in Italy before their was soon known by the informal an enduring relationship between with a population of 1.4 million – not departure for Japan. The other fifteen moniker, ‘Jayforce’. They were joined New Zealand and Japan. dissimilar to the total population of are buried in the Commonwealth by 280 personnel of No. 14 Squadron New Zealand at the time. The cemetery at Yokohama. After Great RNZAF who had volunteered to serve Commonwealth force was to assist with Britain and India withdrew from in Japan. Members of the Women’s two main tasks – demilitarisation and the BCOF in 1947, New Zealand’s Auxiliary Army and the demobilisation. A search for military enthusiasm for continuing the New Zealand Army Nursing Service equipment was one of Jayforce’s first occupation faded. In April 1948 Cabinet New Zealand soldiers on the island of also served as volunteers. tasks upon their arrival. Little was decided to withdraw New Zealand’s Mi-shima, Japan, c.1946–48. Image found as Yamaguchi had not had a forces from Japan. Most of Jayforce courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: J-0267-F “I was just transported to a military presence during the left by the end of the year, and the last different world … It was so, so, so war. Jayforce also assisted with the members returned home in 1949. different from anywhere else that I repatriation of Japanese who were Back home, those who had served in had been.” – Beryl Judd, WAAC coming home and Koreans who were Jayforce faced a period of readjustment being returned to their own country to civilian life. They struggled to get after being held as forced labour during formal recognition for their service, The had the war. The New Zealanders oversaw especially in comparison with those agreed to participate in the US- elections in which Japanese women who had fought in active war zones led occupation of Japan, as part of voted for the first time, and later became during the Second World War. They also a Commonwealth force, after the involved in policing duties, especially found that, several years after peace Japanese surrender in August 1945. anti-black market operations. was achieved, much of the country had The first group of New Zealanders to For many Jayforce members, the already moved on from the war. arrive in Japan were drawn from those occupation was their first sustained stationed in Italy when the Second Members of Jayforce brought back to contact with Japanese people, customs World War ended. The second wave, all New Zealand a new appreciation for and and culture. Few had any prior volunteers recruited in New Zealand, understanding of Japan. Some men had knowledge of the country and many began arriving in relief drafts a few fallen in love not only with the country, arrived still thinking of the Japanese as months later. In all, four relief drafts of but with Japanese women they met, a hated enemy. As non-fraternisation who returned with them as war brides.

6 7 ORDER OF CEREMONY

The National War Memorial Advisory MOUNTING OF THE CATAFALQUE NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL WELCOME Council GUARD ANTHEM Mr Mark Sainsbury Staff Sergeant David Fiu, New Zealand In the presence of Please be seated Master of Ceremonies Army and CPL Alison Spurdle, Royal Their Excellencies The Right New Zealand Air Force accompanied Honourable Dame Patsy Reddy ARRIVALS by the Royal New Zealand Air Force COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS Band, lead the National Anthem of Her Excellency The Right Honourable GNZM, QSO Official guests are welcomed by Mike New Zealand Dame Patsy Reddy GNZM, QSO Governor-General of New Zealand Nathan, Pou Mataaho o Te Pae Huarewa and Sir David Gascoigne KNZM, CBE Governor-General of New Zealand – Deputy Chief Executive, Māori, E Ihowā Atua, Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture And O ngā mātou rā and Heritage and Major (Rtd) Fiona Āta whakarangona; WAIATA Cassidy, Acting Chair of the National The Honourable Me aroha noa War Memorial Advisory Council Staff Sergeant David Fiu, New Zealand Minister of Defence Kia hua ko te pai; Army and CPL Alison Spurdle, Royal Government Representative Kia tau tō atawhai; Please stand for the arrival of the New Zealand Air Force accompanied by Manaakitia mai official party the Royal New Zealand Air Force Band, Welcome you to Aotearoa perform Hine E Hine The National Commemoration of God of Nations at Thy feet, RESPECTS PAID AT THE TOMB Jayforce, on the 75th anniversary of In the bonds of love we meet, HISTORICAL READING its arrival in Japan, Friday 19 March OF THE UNKNOWN WARRIOR Hear our voices, we entreat, The Honourable Peeni Henare 2021 The Official Party moves to pay their God defend our free land. Minister of Defence respects at the Tomb. A karanga is called Guard Pacific's triple star Government Representative This ceremony is being live streamed on by Pekaira Rei, Taranaki Whānui, as the From the shafts of strife and war, the Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture Official Party proceeds up to the Tomb. Make her praises heard afar, An excerpt from an interview with and Heritage website from 10:40am A response is called by Kuia Puhiwahine God defend New Zealand Jayforce veteran, Dr John Macnab Tibble Source: Sounds Historical, RNZ, on the Please be seated ANNOUNCEMENTS 50th anniversary of V.J. Day, 1995 Mr Mark Sainsbury NATIONAL ANTHEM OF JAPAN KARAKIA Master of Ceremonies Na-Na-Mi lead the National Anthem of WAIATA Japan Opening karakia by , Na-Na-Mi perform Furusato Please stand Taranaki Whānui

8 9 INTRODUCTION OF THE JAYFORCE VETERANS

Mr Mark Sainsbury Bryan Barker Cox Allan Wilfrid Martin David Pukurakau Thomas Master of Ceremonies introduces the Rank: Rank: Rank: Jayforce veterans Unit: No. 14 Fighter Squadron Unit: 2 Divisional Cavalry Unit: 2 Battalion 3

David Walter Daniel Allen Alworthy Martin Eric Thomasson Rank: Leading Aircraftsman Rank: Rank: Lance Corporal Unit: No. 14 Fighter Squadron Unit: 19 New Zealand Army Service Unit: Divisional Cavalry Corps Graham Neil Mclaren Boswell Ormand Reginald Edwards John Geoffrey Walker Rank: Captain Rank: Lance Sergeant Margaret Douglas McNaughton Rank: Sergeant Unit: 3 Battalion Unit: Divisional Cavalry (nee Fox) Unit: Jayforce Headquarters Rank: Private Unit: Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps Robert Hugh Boyne George Edward Ferguson Jack Robert Warrender Rank: Signalman Rank: Private Rank: Private Unit: New Zealand Signals Company Unit: 3 Battalion Lawrence Desmond Mischefski Unit: 3 Battalion Rank: Private Unit: 2 Battalion Stanley Edward Burden Peter Watson Grayburn Derek William Weber Rank: Private Rank: Sergeant Rank: Sergeant Unit: 3 Battalion Unit: New Zealand Army Education and Rauna Paenga (aka Muhu Ihaea) Unit: 2 Battalion Rehabilitation Service 2 Rank: Private Unit: 3 Battalion Trevor Clarence Burrell Peter Wiren Rank: Sergeant Ian Arthur Hausman Rank: Sergeant Unit: 6 New Zealand General Hospital Rank: Private James Walter Quested Unit: Jayforce Headquarters Unit: 2 Battalion Rank: Private Unit: 3 Battalion Laurie George Colombus Rae June Yearbury (nee Gibson) Rank: Private John Henry Hobin Rank: Nurse Unit: New Zealand Army Post Office Rank: Leading Aircraftsman James Arthur Robertson Unit: 6 New Zealand General Hospital Headquarters Unit: No. 14 Fighter Squadron Rank: Corporal Unit: 2 Battalion Raymond John Cooper Raymond John Laurance Rank: Lance Corporal Rank: Flight Sergeant James William Sewell Unit: 2 Battalion Unit: No. 14 Fighter Squadron Rank: Warrant Officer Unit: No. 14 Fighter Squadron

10 11 PRAYER FOR PEACE Simon O'Connor MP Response: KARAKIA Chaplain Class 4 Glen Popata Opposition Representative Ka maumahara tonu tatou ki a rātou Closing karakia by Peter Jackson, New Zealand Defence Force Taranaki Whānui Air Marshal Kevin Short Rear Admiral (Rtd) Jack Steer, ONZM Chief of Defence Force Royal New Zealand Returned and WREATH LAYING CEREMONY Services Association DISMOUNTING OF THE CATAFALQUE Rear Admiral (Rtd) Jack Steer, ONZM GUARD Royal New Zealand Air Force Band play Royal New Zealand Returned and They shall grow not old as Sakura (Cherry Blossom) Services Association we that are left grow old Age shall not weary them, DEPARTURE Wreaths and floral tributes are laid by: Milla Weatherly and Megumi Hirose nor the years condemn Please remain standing for the Youth Representatives of New Zealand Her Excellency The Right Honourable At the going down of the sun departure of and Japan Dame Patsy Reddy GNZM, QSO and in the morning Governor-General of New Zealand We will remember them Their Excellencies The Right Honourable Dame Patsy Reddy THE ROLL OF HONOUR Together with Response: GNZM, QSO The Honourable We will remember them Governor-General of New Zealand Sir David Gascoigne KNZM, CBE Minister for Veterans and Sir David Gascoigne KNZM, CBE and the Official Party The Honourable Peeni Henare Please stand One minute silence Minister of Defence Government Representative CLOSING THE COMMEMORATION THE ROUSE The flags of Japan and New Zealand are Guests may lay poppies and floral tributes Together with THE LAST POST raised to full-mast head on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior Uniformed personnel The Honourable Meka Whaitiri Minister for Veterans The flags of Japan and New Zealand are lowered to half-mast head Parade of No. 14 Squadron personnel, Iwakuni, Japan. c.1946–48. And Image courtesy of Air Force Museum of New Zealand, Ref: MUS970702

His Excellency Mr Koichi Ito THE ODE Ambassador of Japan to New Zealand Lieutenant Jack Rudolph RNZN New Zealand Defence Force JAYFORCE VETERANS Jayforce veterans lay floral tributes into E kore rātou e kaumātuatia the Jayforce Veterans’ Wreath Pēnei i a tātou kua mahue nei E kore hoki rātou e ngoikore His Excellency Mr Leasi Papali'i Ahakoa pēhea i ngā huatanga o te wā Tommy Scanlan I te hekenga atu o te rā Dean of the Diplomatic Corps Tae noa ki te aranga mai i teata Ka maumahara tonu tātou ki a rātou

12 13 This National Commemorative Service was arranged by the Visits and Ceremonial Office, Te Tari Taiwhenua Department of Internal Affairs, in partnership with Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Te Ope Kātua o Aotearoa the New Zealand Defence Force and Te Tira Ahu Ika A Whiro Veterans’ Affairs.

Homegoing soldiers of the 2nd Battalion set out from Camp , Japan, c.1946–48. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: PA1-q-308-1484

15 Cover image: New Zealand Jayforce soldiers at the entrance to a park in Chofu, Japan, c.1946–48. Image courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: J-0185-F