Cannabis: Inhaling Vs Ingesting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Cannabis: Inhaling vs Ingesting To lower your risk of the harmful effects of cannabis, you need to understand the differences between the two most common ways of consuming it. INHALING INGESTING — smoking or vaping — — eating or drinking — Cannabis smoke or vapour delivers THC, Edible cannabis travels first to your stomach then to the chemical that gets you high, into your liver before getting into your bloodstream and your lungs where it passes directly into brain. The liver converts THC into a stronger form your bloodstream and then your brain. and this combined with the THC from the original product adds to the intensity of the high. START OF You will feel the effects EFFECTS You will feel effects from seconds to within 30 minutes to a few minutes of inhaling. 2 hours of ingesting. PEAK EFFECTS Full effects can peak Full effects can peak within 30 minutes. within 4 hours. Effects can last up to 6 hours LENGTH OF Effects can last up to 12 hours EFFECTS after use. Some residual effects after use. Some residual effects can last up to 24 hours. can last up to 24 hours. TIPS FOR LOWER-RISK USE • Ingesting and vaping are less harmful to your lungs • Be sure to read the label carefully for information than smoking. on the THC concentration. • If you are new to edible cannabis or cannabis, • Using high-strength cannabis regularly – more start low by consuming an edible cannabis product than once per week – can lead to tolerance and with no more than 2.5 mg of THC. For smoking or dependence. Try to limit your use of these products. vaping cannabis, start with a product that contains • Avoid mixing cannabis with alcohol or other no more than 100 mg/g (10%) THC content. substances, which can lead to serious • Inhaling too much THC at one time or consuming adverse health effects. more edible cannabis within 4 hours can lead to over-intoxication. To learn more visit ccsa.ca/cannabis | canada.ca/cannabis.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis: Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning
6 Clearing the Smoke on Cannabis Regular Use and Cognitive Functioning Robert Gabrys, Ph.D., Research and Policy Analyst, CCSA Amy Porath, Ph.D., Director, Research, CCSA Key Points • Regular use refers to weekly or more frequent cannabis use over a period of months to years. Regular cannabis use is associated with mild cognitive difficulties, which are typically not apparent following about one month of abstinence. Heavy (daily) and long-term cannabis use is related to more This is the first in a series of reports noticeable cognitive impairment. that reviews the effects of cannabis • Cannabis use beginning prior to the age of 16 or 17 is one of the strongest use on various aspects of human predictors of cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear which comes functioning and development. This first — whether cognitive impairment leads to early onset cannabis use or report on the effects of chronic whether beginning cannabis use early in life causes a progressive decline in cannabis use on cognitive functioning cognitive abilities. provides an update of a previous report • Regular cannabis use is associated with altered brain structure and function. with new research findings that validate Once again, it is currently unclear whether chronic cannabis exposure and extend our current understanding directly leads to brain changes or whether differences in brain structure of this issue. Other reports in this precede the onset of chronic cannabis use. series address the link between chronic • Individuals with reduced executive function and maladaptive (risky and cannabis use and mental health, the impulsive) decision making are more likely to develop problematic cannabis use and cannabis use disorder.
[Show full text]
Medical Cannabis Q&A
Medical Cannabis Q&A 1. What is medical cannabis? The term “medical cannabis” is used to describe products derived from the whole cannabis plant or its extracts containing a variety of active cannabinoids and terpenes, which patients take for medical reasons, after interacting with and obtaining authorization from their health care practitioner. 2. What are the main active ingredients? The chemical ingredients of cannabis are called cannabinoids. The two main therapeutic ones are: THC:CBD a. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a partial agonist of CB1 and CB2 receptors. It is psychoactive and produces the euphoric effect. Each cannabis product will contain THC and CBD, however b. Cannabidiol (CBD) has a weak affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors and appears the THC: CBD ratio will differ to exert its activity by enhancing the positive effects of the body’s endogenous depending on the product. cannabinoids. 3. Why do patients take it? Medical cannabis may be used to alleviate symptoms for a variety of conditions. It has most commonly been used in neuropathic pain and other chronic pain conditions. There is limited, but developing clinical evidence surrounding its safety and efficacy, and it does not currently have an approved Health Canada indication. 4. How do patients take it? Cannabis can be smoked, vaporized, taken orally, sublingually, topically or rectally. Different routes of administration will result in different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug. 5. Is it possible to develop dependence on medical cannabis? Yes, abrupt discontinuation after long-term use may result in withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, chronic use may result in psychological dependence.
[Show full text]
Personal Use Cannabis Rules Special Adopted New Rules: N.J.A.C
NEW JERSEY CANNABIS REGULATORY COMMISSION Personal Use Cannabis Rules Special Adopted New Rules: N.J.A.C. 17:30 Adopted: August 19, 2021 by New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory Commission, Dianna Houenou, Chair. Filed: August 19, 2021 Authority: N.J.S.A. 24:6I-31 et seq. Effective Date: August 19, 2021 Expiration Date: August 19, 2022 This rule may be viewed or downloaded from the Commission’s website at nj.gov/cannabis. These rules are adopted pursuant to N.J.S.A. 24:6I-34(d)1a of the New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act, N.J.S.A. 24:6I- 31 et seq., and became effective upon acceptance for filing by the Office of Administrative Law. The specially adopted new rules shall be effective for a period not to exceed one year from the date of filing of the new rules, that is, until August 19, 2022. The Commission has provided this special adoption to the Attorney General, State Treasurer, Commissioner of Health, and Commissioner of Banking and Insurance for a consultation period, after which the Commission anticipates filing a proposal to readopt these rules with amendments reflecting the results of that consultation. In accordance with N.J.S.A. 24:6I-34(d)1b the rules, as readopted, will become effective upon acceptance for filing by the Office of Administrative Law if filed on or before the expiration date of the rules published herein. The adopted amendments will be effective upon publication in the New Jersey Register. Federal Standards Analysis The Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act obliges the Cannabis Regulatory Commission to promulgate rules necessary or proper to enable it to carry out the Commission’s duties, functions, and powers with respect to overseeing the development, regulation, and enforcement of activities associated with the personal use of cannabis pursuant to P.L.2021, c.16.
[Show full text]
A10 Anabolic Steroids Hardcore Info
CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 3 Anabolic steroids – What are they? 4 How do they Work? – Aromatisation 5 More molecules – More problems 6 The side effects of anabolic steroids 7 Women and anabolic steroids 8 Injecting steroids 9 Abscesses – Needle Exchanges 10 Intramuscular injection 11 Injection sites 12 Oral steroids – Cycles – Stacking 13 Diet 14 Where do steroids come from? Spotting a counterfeit 15 Drug Information – Drug dosage STEROIDS 16 Anadrol – Andriol 17 Anavar – Deca-Durabolin 18 Dynabolon – Durabolin – Dianabol 19 Esiclene – Equipoise 20 Primobolan Depot – Proviron – Primobolan orals – Pronobol 21 Sustanon – Stromba, Strombaject – Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate 22 Testosterone Propionate – Testosterone Suspension 23 Trenbolone Acetate – Winstrol OTHER DRUGS 24 Aldactone – Arimidex 25 Clenbuterol – Cytomel 26 Ephedrine Hydrochloride – GHB 27 Growth Hormone 28 Insulin 30 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 – Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin 31 Tamoxifen – Nubain – Recreational Drugs 32 Steroids and the Law 34 Glossary ANABOLIC STEROIDS People use anabolic steroids for various reasons, some use them to build muscle for their job, others just want to look good and some use them to help them in sport or body building. Whatever the reason, care needs to be taken so that as little harm is done to the body as possible because despite having muscle building effects they also have serious side effects especially when used incorrectly. WHAT ARE THEY? Anabolic steroids are man made versions of the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is the chemical in men responsible for facial hair, deepening of the voice and sex organ development, basically the masculine things Steroids are in a man. used in medicine to treat anaemia, muscle weakness after These masculine effects surgery etc, vascular are called the androgenic disorders and effects of testosterone.
[Show full text]
(A-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time
32 Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2012, 5, 32-40 Increasing Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fidelia Cascini*,1, Carola Aiello2 and GianLuca Di Tanna3 1Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Roma, Italy 2Department of Informatics and Systemics, University ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy 3Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy Abstract: Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the data regarding changes in herbal cannabis potency over time (from 1970 to 2009). Methods: Systematic searches of 17 electronic scientific databases identified studies on this topic, within which 21 case series studies satisfied our inclusion criteria of reporting the mean tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) value per number of samples per year. No language, publication date, publication type or status restrictions were imposed. The study selection and data extraction processes were performed independently but uniformly by two authors, included screening, determination of eligibility and inclusion of the eligible studies in the systematic review, and a meta-analysis of the results on THC content in herbal cannabis samples. We considered papers and not monographic scientific publications, rejecting all studies that were not focused on the subject of this review. Results: Meta-analysis by year was performed on 21 studies containing 75 total mean THC observations from 1979 to 2009 using the random effects model. The results revealed much variability between studies. Further, there was a significant correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis. The combined data indicated the correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis, revealing a temporal trend of increasing potency (5% above the mean THC value in the Poisson regression analysis).
[Show full text]
Endocannabinoid Stimulated Release of Nitric Oxide and Its Mitochondrial
A tica nal eu yt c ic a a m A r a c t Stefano et al., Pharm Anal Acta 2015, 6:6 h a P Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000378 ISSN: 2153-2435 Review Article Open Access Endocannabinoid Stimulated Release of Nitric Oxide and its Mitochondrial Influence Triggering Vascular Pathology George B Stefano*, Erin Quinn and Richard M Kream MitoGenetics LLC, 3 Bioscience Park Drive, Suite 307, Farmingdale, NY 11735, USA Abstract Endocannabinoids, and their respective receptors, are involved in a host of cellular regulatory activities. In part, some of these mediated effects occur by way of stimulating constitutive nitric oxide release. This occurs in endothelia, certain white blood cells, microglia, and in similar invertebrate tissues, demonstrating that this is a conserved chemical messenger system. This endocannabinoid chemical messenger system, coupled to constitutive nitric oxide release, also appears to exert regulatory effects on mitochondrial energy associated processes, further substantiating its primordial history. In this regard, it appears to offer some beneficial actions in the occurrence of reperfusion injury and stroke. The mechanism envisioned is one initiated via a hypoxic event, which does not restore normalcy, then progresses to a pro-inflammatory state, and the resultant chronic condition manifests itself in a specific disorder. This fits nicely into a vascular-associated origin for Alzheimer’s Disease, whereby the pro- inflammatory state encompasses vessels that have endothelial gaps, providing for a compromised blood brain barrier, beta amyloid deposition, and enhanced white blood cell trafficking. In time, due to the physical progression of the events, Alzheimer’s Disease occurs.
[Show full text]
Synthetic Cannabis
Global emergence of synthetic cannabinoids Source: https://www.unodc.org/LSS/SubstanceGroup/Details/ae45ce06-6d33-4f5f-916a- e873f07bde02 Source: UNODC questionnaire on NPS, 2012 Background The appearance of ‘herbal highs’ in the market is not a new phenomenon. Such products usually consisted of plant mixtures with little psychoactive effects. Since 2004, however, the composition of these herbal products seems to have substantially changed to include potent new psychoactive compounds known as synthetic cannabinoids. Research on the mechanism of cannabis activity dates back several decades when molecules with similar behaviour to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were first examined. A synthetic analogue of THC , ‘HU-210’, was first synthesized in Israel in 1988[1]and is considered to have a potency of at least 100 times more than THC. Due to its similar chemical structure to THC, ‘HU-210’ is regarded as a ‘classical cannabinoid’ and has been found in synthetic cannabinoids sold in the United States and other countries. Non-classical cannabinoids include cyclohexylphenols or 3-arylcyclohexanols (‘CP’compounds). ‘CP’ compounds were developed as potential analgesics by a pharmaceutical company in the 1980s. Respondents to the UNODC questionnaire on NPS have reported the emergence of CP-47,497 and CP-47,497-C8 in numerous countries in all regions except Africa since 2009. Other structurally dissimilar varieties of synthetic cannabinoids unrelated to THC have also emerged on the market. These include aminoalkylindoles, such as naphthoylindoles (e.g. JWH-018), phenylacetylindoles (e.g. JWH-250), and benzoylindoles (e.g. AM-2233).[2] JWH-018, arguably the most widely known synthetic cannabinoid, belongs to the group of aminoalkylindoles and is considered to be three times as potent as THC.
[Show full text]
Know the Laws on Cannabis-Derived Products
Know the Laws on Cannabis-Derived Products Laws vary considerably around the country on the legality of marijuana (medical or recreational) and hemp- derived products containing cannabidiol (CBD). Before stocking any type of cannabis products in your store, it is essential that you understand both federal and state laws governing the sale and use of these products. Federal Law All strains of marijuana with a THC content exceeding .3 percent are illegal under federal law. The Drug Enforcement Administration classifies marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug and there are penalties under federal law for its sale or possession. Passage of the 2018 Farm Bill legalized the cultivation of low-THC hemp nationwide and the production, transport and sale of hemp-derived products with a THC level of less than .3 percent. This means the sale of CBD-based topical products and consumable CBD supplements is legal in all 50 states under federal law. However, many states that may allow some use of medical marijuana still classify other substances derived from cannabis — whether hemp or marijuana — as illegal. The FDA has approved four cannabis-related drugs — Epidiolex, Marinol, Syndros and Cesamet — and these are unquestionably legal to stock and dispense under federal law. It is important to understand that even if your state has legalized recreational or medical marijuana or products containing THC levels exceeding .3 percent, all those remain illegal under federal law. The U.S. Justice Dept., however, has for several years elected to not actively enforce federal law in states where marijuana laws contravene federal statutes. The FDA has concluded that THC and CBD products are excluded from the definition of a dietary supplement under section 201(ff)(3)(B) of the FD&C Act.
[Show full text]
Understanding Synthetic Cannabis: Who Uses It, Why Do They Use It, What Are the Harms and What Are the Policy Options?
Understanding Synthetic Cannabis: Who uses it, why do they use it, what are the harms and what are the policy options? Stephen Bright 1,2, Monica Barratt 3 1. Peninsula Health 2. School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University 3. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University Background 2004: “Spice” (Deluca et al., 2010) Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonists ∆9-Tetrahydracannabinol (THC) JWH-018 Kronic 2011: Kronic emerged as a new drug in Australia Produced in New Zealand Who Uses Synthetic Cannabis? Survey of 316 Australian synthetic cannabis users in 2011 - 77% male (Barratt, Cakic & Lenton, 2013) - Median age of 27 - 78% were employed “Won’t somebody think - 96% had used cannabis VS about the children?” - Extensive Drug Histories (Maude Flanders, The Simpsons) Other drug use Extensive drug histories – Alcohol (98%), Cannabis (96%), Tobacco (91%), Ecstasy (64%), LSD (57%), Speed (56%), Mushrooms (41%), Cocaine (38%), Valium (35%) More common drugs used in past year – Alcohol (91%), Cannabis (84%), Tobacco (70%), Speed (26%), LSD (26%), Ecstasy (24%) Last month use only of common drugs – Alcohol (77%), Cannabis (61%), Tobacco (58%) Why do They Use It? Curiosity: to compare effects to cannabis (50%) Legal (39%) Easier to get than cannabis (23%) Recreational effects (20%) – Enjoyment, fun, relaxation, to ‘get high’ Alternative to cannabis (11%) Was offered in social situation (10%) Medicinal effects (9%) – Relief from pain, nausea, anxiety, insomnia To cease or reduce cannabis use (5%) Reasons for use - Drug testing 8% first
[Show full text]
The Advisability and Feasibility of Developing USP Standards for Medical Cannabis Gabriel I
STIMULI TO THE REVISION PROCESS Stimuli articles do not necessarily reflect the policies of the USPC or the USP Council of Experts The Advisability and Feasibility of Developing USP Standards for Medical Cannabis Gabriel I. Giancaspro, Nam-Cheol Kim, Jaap Venema, Susan de Mars, Jennifer Devine, Carlos Celestino, Christine E. Feaster, Ben A. Firschein, Mary S. Waddell, Stephen M. Gardner, and Earl Jones Jr.a ABSTRACT This Stimuli article analyzes the need for public quality standards for medical cannabis (defined herein as marijuana used for medical purposes under state laws) and the potential role of the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) in addressing that need.1 Following legalization of the medical use of cannabis in several U.S. states and internationally, USP has received requests to investigate the advisability and feasibility of developing quality standards for medical cannabis. Development of quality standards for medical cannabis requires consideration of a wide range of scientific, legal, and policy issues that reach far beyond its classification as a botanical drug or herbal medicine. This article discusses the current regulatory and scientific landscape regarding medical cannabis, identifies issues related to the lack of quality standards for medical cannabis, and explores potential options for developing quality standards. USP seeks input from stakeholders on whether USP should proceed with development of quality standards for medical cannabis and if so, what approaches should be utilized to establish such standards. LEGAL AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE The federal and state regulatory environment surrounding the medical use of cannabis involves many federal agencies and various different state laws. The evolving legal environment is an important consideration when evaluating the advisability and feasibility of USP developing a public standard for cannabis.
[Show full text]
Medical Cannabis Template Policy 6-17-15
Medical Cannabis Template Policy 6-17-15 Template 1- Will not allow Medical Cannabis in hospital (page 4): XXX Hospital recognizes that while Minnesota law permits Medical Cannabis for registered patients with a qualifying condition, medical cannabis will not be permitted in XXX Hospital Template 2a: Continue use as in-patient- Continuation of medical cannabis by patients – Self-Directed Therapy Arm (pages 5-6): XXX Hospital will permit the use of medical cannabis in a manner consistent with the registry program. XXX Hospital has exempted medical cannabis from its medication use policies and procedures. The policy provides guidance on the continuation of medical cannabis within XXX Hospital according to registry program. Only patients that hold Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) patient registration number will be permitted to use medical cannabis pursuant to this policy. Nothing in this policy should be interpreted to require health care practitioner to certify a patient as eligible for the registry program or to continue medical cannabis use as in-patient. Template 2b: Continue use as in-patient-Continuation of medical cannabis by patients- incorporated into medication process (pages 7-9): XXX Hospital will permit the use of medical cannabis in a manner consistent with the registry program. The policy provides guidance on the continuation of medical cannabis within XXX Hospital according to registry program. Only patients that hold Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) patient registration number will be permitted to use medical cannabis pursuant to this policy. Nothing in this policy should be interpreted to require a health care practitioner to certify a patient as eligible for the registry program or to continue medical cannabis use as in-patient.
[Show full text]
CBD) Information About CBD in Cannabis and Hemp Products Under the New Cannabis Act
ALL ABOUT CANNABIDIOL (CBD) Information about CBD in cannabis and hemp products under the new Cannabis Act WHAT IS CBD? The cannabis plant contains hundreds of different chemical constituents, such as cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids. Currently, over 100 chemical substances collectively known as cannabinoids have been identified. Cannabinoids that are derived from cannabis plants are sometimes referred to as phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of these cannabinoids. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the most well-known cannabinoid in cannabis, responsible for the high or intoxication of consuming cannabis - CBD does not produce a high or intoxicating effect. However, there is some evidence that CBD may influence some of the effects that THC has on the brain. CBD is also being studied for its possible therapeutic uses; it has received market approval in the United States for two severe forms of epilepsy. CBD can be found in varieties of the cannabis plant, including hemp plants. All phytocannabinoids, whether derived from a cannabis plant or produced by synthesis, including both THC and CBD, are regulated under the new Cannabis Act and its regulations, which came into force on October 17, 2018. HOW IS CBD REGULATED IN CANADA? Under the Cannabis Act, many activities with phytocannabinoids, CBD included, remain prohibited, except for the specific cases authorized by the Act and its regulations, which include strict controls on possession, production, sale, and distribution. While Health Canada oversees the production of cannabis products, the provinces and territories oversee the distribution and retail aspects of the cannabis supply chain. Health Canada remains responsible for overseeing the distribution and sale of cannabis and any CBD-containing cannabis products for medical purposes.
[Show full text]