Invertebr. Taxon., 1993, 7, 1167-203

Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Flabellifera) from the South China Sea

Oleg G. Kussakin and Marina V. Malyutina Laboratory of Chorology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Academy of Sciences of the C.I.S., Vladivostok, 690032, C.I.S.

Abstract Collections of sphaeromatids from the northern and western South China Sea are reported. As a result of this study, the number of sphaeromatid species known from this sea has been more than tripled. Descriptions and illustrations of four new species (Dynoides harrisoni, Cerceis sinensis, Paracerceis holdichi and Paraleptosphaeroma brucei) from the South China Sea are presented, a new genus, Chitonosphaera, is erected for Gnorimosphaeroma lata Nishimura, 1968, and records are presented for a further 24 species.

Introduction The sphaeromatid fauna of the South China Sea is very poorly known; prior to 1990 only a few records from the area (Dana 1853; Miers 1884; Monod 1934; Bruce 1982c, 1990) had been pubhshed. The most comprehensive works dealing with the West Pacific isopods (Thielemann 1910; Nierstrasz 1931), as far as the fauna of the South China Sea was con­ cerned, were very fragmentary. Prior to 1990, only 10 species of Sphaeromatidae were known from the South China Sea. Two of these, Amphoroidella sp. and Dynamenopsis sp., were not identified to species level. Of the thirty-five species recorded at the present time for the South China Sea, eight (22-9%) are endemic. These are Cilicaeopsis lepida Kussakin & Malyutina, 1991; Dynoides harrisonisp. nov.; Cerceis sinensis, sp. nov.; C. orientalis (Dana, 1853); Paracerceis holdichi, sp. nov.; Paraleptosphaeroma brucei, sp. nov.; Amphoroidella sp. and Dynamenopsis sp. Eleven species (31-4%) [Lekanesphaera exosphaeroma (Boone, 1918); Cymodoce tribullis Harrison & Holdich, 1984; Cilicaea crassicaudata Haswell, 1881; Zuzara curtispina Harrison & Holdich, 1984; Z. digitata Harrison & Holdich, 1984; Clianella brucei Harrison & Holdich, 1984; Dynamenella liochroea Harrison & Holdich, 1982a; Paradella octaphymata Harrison & Holdich, 19826; Cerceis pustulosa Harrison & Holdich, 1982Z>; C. pravipalma Harrison & Holdich, 19826 and Dynamenella platura Nobih, 1907] are West Pacific tropical species as they are also found in other parts of the tropical West Pacific. Seven species (20%) are Indo-West Pacific tropical species, as these species [Cymodoce longistylis Miers, 1884; C. pelsarti Tattersall, 1922; Cilicaea latreillei Leach, 1818; Paracilicaea asiatica Kussakin, Malyutina & Rostomov, 1990; Cilicaeopsis whiteleggi (Sicbbing, 1905); Dynoides serratispinus Barnard, 1914 and Dynamenella trachydermata Harrison & Holdich, 1982a] are distributed in various parts of the Indian Ocean, that is in the western part of the vast Indo-West Pacific Region. Another five species (14-3%) are widespread tropical/subtropical species 0818-0164/93/051167$10.00 1168 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Maiyulina

[Sphaeroma walken (Stebbing, 1905); S. terebrans Bate, 1866; 5. quoianum Milne Edwards, 1840; Paradella dianae (Menzies, 1962) and Paracerceis sculpta (Holmes, 1904)]. These species, presumably, were carried through three oceans by trans-oceanic ships. Finally, four species (11 •4%); Dynoides conchicola (h\h\\\muTa, 1976); Dynamenella «;/7/)0«/c<7 (Nishimura, 1969); Chitonosphaera lata (Nishimura, 1968) and Cymodoce acuta (Richardson, 1904), are found in subtropical waters of Japan as well as in the southern part of the South China Sea. There is a great faunistic similarity between the South China Sea and north-eastern coast of Australia (20 common species, or 57 • 1 % of the sphaeromalid fauna of the South China Sea). It is not surprising, as it again confirms the homogeneity of the main body of the fauna within the vast Indo-West Pacific biogeographical region (Ekman 1934, 1935, 1953; Gurjanova 1972; Briggs 1974), with the South China Sea and eastern Australia on opposite sides of the Pacific part of this region.

Materials and Methods This paper is based mainly on collections of isopods made by Soviet-Chinese, Soviet-Indonesian and Soviet-Vietnamese expeditions of 1958-90 from the inienida! zone of southern China (including Hainan Island), Vietnam and Java, and from the subiittoral zone of the Gulf of Tonkin and Nhatrang province (south-eastern Vietnam). A small coileclion from Cape d'Aquilar (Hong Kong) was also examined. The collection comprises 28 species (belonging to 15 genera) of Sphaeromalidae from the South China Sea, 25 species of which were previously not recorded from this sea. Six of these species were undescribed. Descriptions of two species, Paracilicae asiatica and Cllicaeopsis lepida, were pubhshed earlier (Kussakin el al. 1990; Kussakin and Malyutina 1991), and descriptions of the remaining four are given here. All type specimens are preserved in the Zoological Institute, Sancl-Petersbourg (ZIN) or Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok (IBM), C.l.S. The authors consider Hansen's groups (Hemibranchiatae. Eubranchjalae, etc.) to be artifical polyphyletic groups useful only for pragmatic purposes, but not as natural taxa (subfamilies). Con­ sequently, the authors do not accept the subfamily classification of the Sphaeromatidae proposed by Hurley and Janscn (1977) and Iverson (1982). The classificadon of sphaeromatids into groups proposed by Wagele (1989) is regarded by the authors as more natural.

Taxonomy Family SPHAEROMATID.AE Latreille, 1825 Genus Lekanesphaera Verhoeff, 1943 Europosphaera (Lekanesphaera) Verho&f[, 1943; 17-174. ^. -;>- -v. - ;. ----^ Lekanesphaera, Jacobs, 1987: 24-6. Type species: by monotypy, Europosphaera (Lekanesphaera) excavatum Verhoeff, 1943: 171 ( = jun. synonym of Lekanesphaera monodi (Arcangeii, 1934), designated by Jacobs, 1987: 24-6.

Remarks ... .,,-. ,,...,-• : _ "-»-'•-•' Jacobs listed 13 species of Lekanesphaera, all from the north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean, and noted that Sphaeroma intermedium (Baker, 1926), from Australia, almost certainly belongs to Lekanesphaera. Our examination of this species confirms this supposition. The European, Mediterranean and north-west African species assigned to Sphaeroma were recently revised by Jacobs (1987). This author divides Sphaeroma into two genera: Sphaeroma s. str. and Lekanesphaera Verhoeff, 1943. According to Jacobs, Lekanesphaera, as well as Exosphaeromo Stebbing, 1990, can be distinguished from Sphaeroma Bosc, 1802 by the following characters: maxilliped with slender palp, articles 2-4 more or less lobed, posterior margins bearing a fringe of long, smooth but not plumose setae; rai.sed posterior border of endite with or without a fringe of smooth, not plumose, setae. Lekanesphaera can be distinguished from Exosphaeroma by the exopod of pleopod 3 being not articulated, or sometimes with a rudimentary articulation in the distal half, and the endopod of pleopod 4 showing a pronounced apical lobe; in having pereopods slender, beari.qg tergally a more

S^^II3^WHiSSIMSI^S^9fl!nKIWEJaraiiwuuuju> Sphaeromaiidae from the Souili China Sea 1169

or less distinct fringe of smooth or semi-plumose setae, especially on merus and ischium; with 1 comb-shaped posterodistal spine and I serrated spine on the roslrodistal region of the propodus of pereopod I.

- '•^'' ' Lekanesphaera exosphaeroma (Boone) (Fig. la) Sphaeroma exosphaeroma Boone, 1918; 598-9. pi. 90, figs 1-3,-Nierslrasz, 1930: 8; 1931: 192. Exosphaeroma inlermedia Baker, 1926: 243, 278, pi. 39.-Hale, 1929: 34. Exosphaeroma intermedium Nierstrasz, 1931: 194. „•, Sphaeroma intermedium Harrison & Holdich, 1984: 294-7, fig. 6. ; . a. Leltanespliaera (?) intermedium Jacobs, 1987: 7.

Material Examined Gulf of Thailand: Bangkok, sandy beach, upper intertidal ione, 22.xii.1957, E. Gurjanova and P. Ushakov, 2o- (one without head) to 7-1 mm.

Reinari

\Z

Fig. 1, a, Lekanesphaera exosphaeroma, maxiliiped; b, Cymodoce SribulHs, adu't male, p'.eon and pleolelson, dorsa! view. 1170 O. G- Kussakin and M. V. Malyulina pereonites that are densely granulated laterally. Based on this, Harrison and Holdich (1984) did not include the two species in the same genus. The specimens we have examined have a finely granulated dorsal surface; the granulation is especially conspicuous along the posterior margins of the pereonites, although it cannot be defined as rough, as Boone (1918) described it in her original description. Nevertheless, as we noticed no other difference between Sphaeroma exosphaeroma Boone and Exosphaeromo intermedia Baker, we believe that their synonymy is justified.

Distribution This west-Pacific tropical species is described from the Gulf of Thailand and the Philippines in the north, to Queensland, north-eastern Australia in the south. Within its range it was also found off Aru Island and in the Gulf of Carpentaria.

Genus Sphaeroma Bosc 1802 . SpAaeroma Bosc, 1802: 182-6 (partim).-Jacobs, 1987: 11-13. Type species: Sphaeroma cinerea Latreille, in Bosc, 1802: 186 ( = Oniscus serratus Fabricius, 1787: 242), designated by Latreille (1810: 109, 423).

Sphaeroma walkeri Stehhmg Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing, 1905: 31, pi. 7.~Monod, 1931: 36, figs 5, HA, nA-B; Loyola e Silva, 1960: 41, figs 6, 7; Carlton and Iverson, 1981: 31; Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 279-82, fig. 1; Mak el al., 1985: 75; Jacobs, 1987: 22-4, fig. 6; Bruce, 1990: 552.

Material Examined Hainan I., in pier fouling samples, 5.vi.l958, 2c7.

Distribution This circumtropical-subtropical species (see Carlton and Iverson 1981) is widespread across the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans.

Sphaeroma terebrans Bate -*^ For detailed synonymy see Harrison and Holdich 1984: 287

Material Examined ' ' - Hainan I., Sanya, in mangrove stems holes, Mar. 1958 and Dec. 1959, coll. O. Scarjato and &. Gurjanova, 99 specimens.

Distribution • ' "• . Widespread circumtropical-subtropical species.

Sphaeroma quoianum Milne Edwards For synonymy see Harrison and Holdich 1984: 282.

Material Examined Gulf of Tonkin, Kon-Lo, on pier piles, coll. E. Gurjanova, IO-vii.l961, I9; Chan-Ka, coll. N. Tzvelkova, 13.viii. 1961, 2cr, 29.

Distribution Amphi-Pacific tropical-subtropical species.

Genus Cymodoce Leach Type species: Cymodoce truncala Leach, by monotypy. . Sphaeromalidae from the South China Sea 1171

Cymodoce longislylis Mier.s For synonymy see Harrison and Holdich 1984; 311.

Maierial Examined Southern China: Nauchjou I.; Hainan 1., south-eastern Vietnam, Nachlrang; Boutchan Bay. Intertidal zone, 1958, 1980, 1981, lOcr to 111 mm, 129, 2 mancas.

Distribution Widespread Indo-WesI Pacific tropica! species (sec Harrison and Holdich 1984).

Cymodoce pelsarri TalterseiU : " For synonymy see Harrison and Holdich i9R4: 314.

Material Examined North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin; southern Vietnam, Hon-Rua 1 , imerlidal zone, amongst the dead corals on Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp. and from wood, July 1990 and .Ian. 1981, 4o- to 9 6 mm, 269, 28 mancas.

Distribution Indo-West Pacific tropical species, ranging from western and north-eastern .Australia to Vietnam.

Cymodoce tribullis Harrison & Holdich - •" " ' ' ' '" '" ' (Fig. lb) Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 304-7, figs 9, 10. ', _ .

Material Examined Southern Vietnam, Thu !., lower intertidal zone, stone blocks in the community of Ihalassia, 3.V.1984, coll. V. Gulbin, I9 (6-6 mm); Caiuik 1., in driftwood, 9.i>;.l988, coll. Y. Yakoviev, la (6-8 mm). IJ Remarks -- -'•" • 'J Our male corresponds to the description and figures given by Harrison and Holdich, bm has a pointed (rather than blunt) process on the prominent longitudinal ridge either side of the pleoteisonal midline and a somewhat more slender ape.x of the pleotelson. Probably, these differences are caused by the smaller size of the Asiatic male (the Australian male is 7-87 mm long). • »•, . . . _. .

Distribution West-Pacific tropical species, occurring along the coasts of north-eastern Australia (Queensland) and south-eastern Vietnam.

f; . ^- " : • ~ '" Genus Cilicaea Leach ' ^ -;. f Type species: Cilicaea latreillei Leach, 1818: 342, by monolypy. _, _ . - _

•• • Cilicaea latreillei htach Cilicaea latreillei hezch, 1818: 349.-Stebbing, 1905: 36-9, pis Ill(B), VIII; Nierstrasz, 1931: 204, 205, figs 92-6; Harrison and Holdich, 1984; 348; Vcnudopalan and Wagh, 1987: 133. Cilicaea lalreillei Miers, 1884: 309.-Naylor, 1966: 190, 191.

Material Examined Southern Vietnam: 11°35'N.,109°37'E., 120 m, rocks, 17.ix.l984, coll. B. Sirenko, la (12 9 mm), 29 to 12-5 mm. 1172 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyulina

Distribution Widespread Indo-West Pacific tropical species. CiLcaeo latreillei has been recorded from Australia by Miers (1884) and Naylor (1966), but Harrison and Holdich (1984) suppose that 'these records are open to some doubt'. . ,

Cilicaea crassicaudata Haswel! :... ..n- For synonymy see Harrison and Holdich 1984: 352. - "" - ' ~' '"

Material Examined Gulf of Tonkin south-west of Hainan I., 75 m, 25.vii.1961, E. Gurjanova, Ic 10-8 mm; central pan of Gulf of Tonkin, 67 m, 12.vii.i961, E. Gurjanova, 29 13-5 mm and Icr 14 mm.

Distribution Previously recorded from the coast of north-eastern Australia (Queensland) and Arafura Sea.

Genus Cilicaeopsis Hansen Type species' Cilicaea granulata Whitelegge, 1902, by original designation.

Cilicaeopsis whiteleggi (^Stebbing) For synonymy see Harrison and Holdich 1984: 337.

Material Examined Coast of Central Vietnam, Tjam I. in the vicinity of Da Nang, in pier fouling samples, 3 m, 21.ix.1988, coll. A. Zvyagintzev, I0-; southern Vietnam, Vung-Ro Bay. 10 m, Yakovlev, 129 and juv.; Van-fong Bay, 5 m, la. . .

Distribution From Sri Lanka to the Philippines and north-eastern Australia.

Genus Zuzara Leach Zuzara Leach, 1818; 344. -Hale, 1929: 272, 278; Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 355-6. Cyclura Slebbing, 1874: 146, 147. Cydoidura Stebbing, 1878: 36.-Stebbing, 1910: 431; Nierstrasz, 1931: 197. ' ',: Type species: Zuzara semipunctata Leach, 1818, by monotypy.

Zuzara curtispina Harrison and Holdich (Fig. lb, c) Zuzara curiispina Harrison and Hoidich, 1984: 357-60, figs 33. 34. . ' -'

Material Examined •. .•,.--•..:-. Southern Vielnam: Thu I., middle mtertidal zone, on sand amongst the stone blocks, 2.v. 1984, coll. V. Gulbin, 10 subadult cr to 35 mm, 8 non-ovigerous 9 to 3-65 mm.

Remarks Ail males examined from the South China Sea are subadult (to 3-5 mm) and have the dorsal median process on pereonite 7 considerably shorter than that of the aduit maie bolotype (length 4-26 mm) described and figured by Harrison and Holdich (1984) from Queensland, but slightly longer than the projection of the subadult male figured by these authors. The dorsal surface of the non-ovigerous female pleotelson has two slight longi­ tudinal elevations, but lacks longitudinal ridges each side of the midhne as described and figured by Harrison and Holdich for an ovigerous female. Since, according to these authors. Sphaeromatidae from the South China Sea paratypes, non-ovigerous females, have less pronounced pleotelsonic sculpturing, we have no reason to consider the Asian specimens as a different species.

Distribution Previously recorded from eastern Australia (northern Queensland); range here extended to south-eastern Vietnam.

'I'flt 1 it

Fig. 2. a, Zuzara digitala. adult male; b. c, Zuzara cunispina: h, subadult male; c, female; d, Dynoidessenalisinus, adult male; e-g, Dynoidesconchicola: e,/, males at different stages of maturity; g, female; A, C/ianella brucei. adull male, pleon and pleotelson, dorsal view. 1174 O- G- Kussakin and M. V. Malyutina

. „ -.;. --;-:<-i-*iT: Zutara digitata Harrison and Holdich • - - (Fig. la) Zuzara digilala Harrison & Holdich, 1984: 360-3, figs 35, 36. , j. >C

Materia/ Examined Southern Vietnam: Thu !., middle interlidal zone in sand amongst the stone blocks, 2.v,1984, V. Oulbin, subaduh a (3-25 mm).

Remarks The Vietnamese subadult male is considerably shorter (3-25 mm) than the adult male holotype from Queensland (4-78 mm) and, consequently, has less strongly pronounced characters of mature males; pereonal 7 dorsal process is slightly shorter, not reaching to anterior margin of distal medial incision of pleotelson, and slightly narrower uropodal branches. In all other respects, the Vietnamese specimen is similar to the type specimens.

Disrribution Known from eastern Austraha (southern Queensland) and south-eastern Vietnam.

Genus Clianella Boone Clianella Boone, !923; 152.-Menzies and Glynn, 1968: 58; Iverson, 1982: 250; Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 363-4. Paradynoides Loyola e Silva, 1960: 101.-Bruce, 1980: 199, 210; Bruce, 19826: 447. Dynoidella Pillai, 1965: 78-80.-Bruce, 1980: 199, 210; Bruce, 19826; 447. Type species: Clianella elegans Boone, 1923, by monotypy.

Clianella brucei Harrison and Holdich (Fig. 2h) Clianella brucei Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 366, figs 37, 38.-Bruce, 1990: 551.

Material Examined ' - Southern Vietnam: Ze i., 7 m, amongst algae, 19.ix.!9S8, Y. Yakovlev, 1 subadult a; Big Catuik Rock, 9.ix.l988, on rocks with oysters, middle intertidal zone, E. Kostina, M. Malyutina, and Yu. Mamkaev, 2cr to 3-35 mm, 89 and 10 juv.; Little Catuik Rock, 10-11.ix.1988, on rocks in middle intertidal zone, M. Malyutina, 2a and 2 juv.

Remarks Asian specimens are similar to paratypes from Australia described and figured by Harrison and Holdich (1984).

Distribution Known from eastern Australia (Queensland) to Hong Kong.

Genus Dynoides Barnard Dyno/des Barnard, 1914: 407. - Loyola e Silva, 1960; 91; Pillai, 1965: 79, 80; Kussakin, 1979: 432, 433; Bruce, 1980: 199, 208, 210; Iverson, 1982: 250; Bruce, 19826: 447; Harrison and Holdich, 1984: 370; Kwon and Kim, 1986: 43. Dynoidella Nishimura. 1976: 275; Bruce, 1980: 199; Iverson, 1982: 250; Bruce, 19826: 447 (non Dynoidella Pillai, 1965). Type species: Dynoides serratisinus Barnard, 1914.

Remarks About half of the species of this genus have been described in the last !0 years, and eight species of Dynoides (including the species described below) are valid: D. serratisinus Sphaeromalidae from the South China Sea 1175

Barnard, 1914; D. barnardi Baker, 1928; D. denlismus Shen, 1929; D. conchicola (Nishimura, 1976); D. brevispinus Bruce, 1980; D viridis Bruce, 1982i; D. spinipodus Kwon & Kim, 1986; and D. harrisoni, sp. nov. We agree with Harrison and Holdich (1984) that Dynoides amblysinus PiUai, 1954, and D. coi^ro/Loyola eSilva, 1960 (with synonymised D. brasiliensis Loyola e Silva, 1960) without pleonal processes must be referred to Clianella Boone, 1923. Thus, Dynoides has an Indo-West Pacific distribution from Natal and Mozambique to north-eastern Australia in the south, to the northern Sea of Japan and southern Sea of Okhotsk (Kunashir 1.) in the north.

'"*'*'' • ' • Dynoides senalisinus harnmA (Fig. 2d) Dynoides serralisiniis Barnard, 1914: 408, pi. XXXIV F.-Kensley, 1978: 103, fig. 43.

Materia! Examined Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar, inlertidai zone, 1989, coll. C P. S. Cheng, I o- (5 1 mm).

Remarl(s Our specimen corresponds with the short descriptions and figures given by Barnard (1914) and Kensley (1978). A sound specific character of Dynoides serratisinus is a deep, parallel-sided slit, the margin of which is armed with about seven teeth. In (his respect, African and Asiatic specimens are similar. The lengths of the holotype male and our male are about the same (5 0 mm and 5-1 mm). Unfortunately, because of the absence of a detailed modern redescriplion of typical Dynoidesserralisinus, the identification of the Asian specimen is doubtful.

Distribution Previously recorded from the Indian Ocean: south-eastern Africa (Natal, Mozambique). The new record is from the Pacific Ocean: South China Sea, Hong Kong.

Dynoides conchicola (Nishimura) (Fig. 2e~g) Dynoidella conchicola Nishimura, 1976: 276, figs 1-19. —Nunomura and Nishimura, 1976: 22, fig. 2. Dynoides conclucota Carvacho, 1985: 187. Dynoides denlisinus Kussakin and Malyulina, 1987: 51 (parlim, specimens from Japan).

Material Examined Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar, infertidal zone, 1989, 6 subadult o- to 52 mm, 3 ovigerous g to 21 mm.

Remarks • - ' The largest male from our material possesses a small process; in the other two it rs undeveloped. Three small males are without processes and are practically the same as females with embryos, and very similar to figures of the holotype of Dynoides conchicola Nishimura, 1976.

Distribution Recorded from Southern Japan (Kyushu) and the South China Sea (Hong Kong).

"''",' Dynoides harrisoni, sp. nov < ^ -:,-,.. ;: . :• (Figs '"5) >• ' - Material Examined . . ^ -^- Holotype. Gulf of Tonkin, Kat-Ba I., inlertidai zone, 22.vi. I96i. coll E. Gurjanova, lcr(5 8 mm) (ZIN, No. 1/85083). 1176 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyutina

Paralypes- Gulf of Tonkin, Kon-Lo, ! m, 10.viii,1961, coll. E. Gurjanova, 2 subaduU a {each possessing a geniraJ apophysis, but lacking appendix mascuiina on pleopod II), 3 juv. specimens; Hainan I., Dzyaotou, on surf rocks, interlidal zone, amongst Sargassum, I8.xii.I959, coil. E. Gurjanova, 1 subadult a (3-75 mm), I9 {3-2 mm) and I juv.; Hainan I., Malin, inlertidal zone, Ostrea com­ munity, I juv.

Description - '" •' "• ' ' '~ Hololype, male Body convex, with lateral margins almost parallel, about 2-2x as long as maximum width (at pereonite 6). Dorsal surface almost smooth, cephalon and pereonites weakly granulated; ventrolateral body margins fringed with fine setae. Cephalon 2-2x as wide as long, anterior margin sinuous, with short blunt rostral process and clearly pronounced anterolateral angles. Eyes large, moderately prominent, but only central part of each eye pigmented black. Width of pereonites increases slightly from first to sixth. Pereonite 1 distinctly longer than others, which are subequal in length. Lateral margins of pereonite 7 mostly concealed by posterior of pereonite 6. Posterior margin of pleon with stout median process directed posteriorly upwards, extending over anterior half of pleotelson almost to level of base of posteromedial notch. Pleotelson subtriangular, dorsal surface considerably convex in anterior, central parts with broad but shallow medial depression; lateral margins and posterior quarter flat. Narrow deep median notch of pieotelsonic apex with only a small rounded expansion near the base; this notch divides more than j of the pleotelson in 2 parts. .--•

Fig. 3. Dynoides harrisoni, sp. nov. a, b, adult male, holotype: a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, subadult male, paratype, pleon, dorsal view; d, female, paratype, pleon, dorsal view.

mam Sphaeromaiidae from the South China Sea 1177 Antennuie extending to level of distal end of article 1 of antennal nageUum; basal article large, 2-6x longer but only slightly broader than peduncle article 2; 15-articied nagellum subequal in length to peduncle articles 1 and 2 combined. Antenna extending to posterior border of pereonite 2; peduncle articles subequal in width; 19-articled flagellum more than i -Sx longer than peduncle. Epistome lambdoid, with narrow rounded apex. Mandible with tricusped incisor and elongate tricusped lacinia mobilis; left mandible of 4 stout, hooked, serrated setae; lacinioid seta of right mandible bears 2 teeth, medial one considerably .shorter

'»

Fig. 4. Dynoides harnson,, sp_ nov. adull male, holotype: a. maxiiliped; b, right mandible- c, maxiUule; d. antenna; e. icfl mandible; f. pcreopod 7; g. pereopod 2; h. antennuie; /, maxilla! 1178 O- G. Kussakin and M V. Malyulina

than lateral. Maxillule with 4 subequal pectinate spines on endopod, about 10 curved stout spines on exopod. Maxilla with 2 lateral lobes, each with 3 long, slender, curved, pectinate spines; medial lobe wilh several somewhat shorter pectinate and simple spines. Maxilliped endite with 1 long coupling hook; palp articles 2, and 3 with pronounced lobes; each with row of setae; posterior margins of these articles without setae. Pereopods relatively slender. Pereopod 1 bearing 2 long stout setae; posterodislal angle of carpus with 1 seta; distal part of ischium with row of few short spines; posterior margin of propodus with short spines, distal angle bearing 2 stout, pectinate and 1 long slender seta. Pereopods 2-7 subequal in length and both approximately equal in length to ischium; posterior margin of ischium with central row of short spines; the posterodislal angle of merus with 1 long needle-shaped seta. *

Fig. 5. Dynoides harrisoni, sp. nov. a-/, h. adult male, holotype; g, subadult male, paratype: a-e, pleopods 1-5;/, penes; g, plcopod 2; h, pereopod 1.

^..jMSm^iS^iM . '^em^','Ai^.ia^S^m.a^ Sphacroniaiidac from the SoiKh China Sea 1179

The bases of pleopods 1-3 each with 2 coupling hooks. Pleopod 1 exopod subelliptical in shape, extending just beyond broad, subquadrate endopod. Pleopod 2 exopod sub- elliptical, endopod subtriangular, both rami subequal in size. Appendix masculina twice as long as endopod, recurved approximately in middle part; its very narrow, needle-shaped distal part directed forward, proximal part linear in outline. Pleopod 3 exopod relatively narrow, subelliptical, lacking transverse suture; endopod broader and somewhat shorter than exopod. Pleopod 4 e.\opod with complete transverse suture and narrowly rounded apex. Pleopod 5 exopod with broadly rounded apex; transverse suture incomplete; lateral margin convex, proxiirial half with slender simple setae; media] margin with 3 squamous patches, 2 distal and 1 medial. Uropod extending just beyond pleoielsonic apex; exopod elongated, ovate, with lateral margin strongly elevated and posterior margin rounded; endopod considerably expanded towards subtruncate posterior border set with short setae and minute spines.

Colour In alcohol, pale yellowi.Mi grey.

Subadult male Body shape approximately as in adult male, 2-2 x longer than maximum width. Penes short, fused in proximal half, tapering slightly to distal ends, with seiriicircular apexes. Pleopod 2 endopod fused with appendix masculina along most of its length, distal j extending beyond ramus apex and bearing distal seta. All pereonites and pleoniles with smooth margins. Pleotelson with elliptical apical notch shorter than in adult males. Uropod rami narrow, subelliptical, distally rounded. The external morphology of females and subadult males shows few differences from adult males, described above. . ^ . ... ,^..

Remarks Dynoides harnsoni is easily distinguished from the majority of other species of the genus by the smooth margins of the pleoielsonic notch, which lacks any teeth or serrations. In this re.spect, D. harrisoni bears a resemblance to two Asiatic species: D. conchicola (Nishimura, 1976) and D. spinipodus Kwon and Kim, 1986. Our species differs from D. conchicola in the inuch wider uropodal branches and the considerably longer pleonal medial process. D. harrisoni may easily be dislinguished from D. spinipodus by the more slender body posteriorly, subtruncated, not rounded, uropodal endopod and rounded, not produced, lateral margins of the cephalon.

Etymology The epithet honours Dr K. Harrison, well-known isopod worker, for his valuable contri­ butions lo the taxonomy of the Sphaeromaiidae. __ .-

. - " Genus Dynamenella Hansen

nvnamenella Hansen. IWS: 101, 126.-Menzies, 1962; 135; Hurley and .lansen, 1977: 32; Kensley, 1978: 89; Harrison and Holdich, 1982o: 89-91. Type species: Dynamene perforata Moore, 1902.

V. j.i . ,f„ Dynamenella nipponica (HisUimMvi) (Fig. 6o) Ctmodocella nipponiea Nishimura, 1969: 335-43, figs 1-5. l)\namene!ia nipponica Harrison and Holdich, l982o- 9(1, 107 !I80 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyulina

Material Examined South China Sea: southern China, Nancbjou [., inlertidal zone, !4.xii.l958, coll. O- Mokievsky, i aduh cr, 1 subadult cr, 2g [one 9 {5-6 mm) bears third stage embryos, according to Kjennerud (1952)], 1 damaged specimen.

Remarks •'•'•'•.' " '-'' "• '•--•-- -~ ^- ^ • - — Our specimen agrees with Nishimura's (1969) description and figures, especially the unique dorsal sculpturing of the pleotelson, so well that we have no doubt in referring it to this species. _.

Dislribullon Known from the Pacific coast of southern Honshu I. and from the northern coast of the South China Sea.

Fig. 6. a, Dynamenella nipponica; b, Dynamenella liochroea; c, Dynamenella trachydermata; d, Paradella octaphymata. Sphaeromatidac from the South China Sea 1I8I

Dynamenella liochroea Harrison & Holdich ^, (Fig. 6b) Dynamenella liochroea Harrison and Holdich, 1982a: 91-4, figs 2, 3a-/i.

Maienal Examined ' Souih-ea.sfern Vietnam: Nachtrang, Hong-Son, rocky intertida! zone, Il.i.1984, coll. V. Gulbin, 35a to 4-35 mm, 28 ovigerous Q to 4-7 mm, 48 non-ovigerous g. 88 ]uv.; Hon-Chc I., intertidal zone, 9.i.1984, V. Gulbin, 3 juv.

Remarks The Asiatic specimens agree with the description and figures of types of D. liochroea as well that we had no doubt in referring them to this species. Our figured maie specimen has a slightly longer uropodal exopod than the holotype figured by Harrison and Holdich, but this shght difference is not found in all Asiatic males.

Disirihution Known from north-eastern Australia; here recorded from south-eastern Vietnam.

Dynamenella trachydermata Harrison & Holdich (Fig. 6c) Dynamenella trachydermaia Harrison & Holdich, i982a: 97-9, fig. 4.

Material Examined Pacific Ocean: Central Vietnam nr Danang, Tjam 1., rocky intertidal zone, 20.ix.1988, coll. Yu. Yakovlev, i o- 2-9 mm. Indian Ocean: southern coast of Java, Cracal Bay, intertidal zone, 27.viii-9.ix.1962, coil. Q. Mokievsky. So-, 139 to 4-25 mm and 6 juv.

Remarks im Our specimens agree well with the types described and figured by Harrison and Holdich ' in having a tubercuiate pieotelson, in having the transverse tubercle in each side of the midline, arid in the form of the apical slit and subapical foramen, but are considerably larger.

Disinhution Known from north-eastern .Australia; here recorded from southern Java and central Vietnam.

Genus Paradella Harrison & Holdich Paradella Harrison & Holdich, i982a: 101-3, fig. 5. -"^ Type species: Paradella octaphymata Harrison and Holdich, 1982a', by original designation.

Paradella octaphymata Harrison & Holdich ;.:,^., /,-," (Fig. 6rf) Paradella octaphymata Harrison & Holdich, 1982a: I0I-3, fig. 5. - - *

Material Examined South-eastern Vietnam, Nha Trang, intertidal zone, bell of Crassosirea mordax, 4.xii.l980, coll. O. Kussakin, 1 cr (4-2 mm).

Remarks The Asiatic adult male is the same length as the holotype from Queensland and agrees well with the description and figures given by Harrison and Holdich (1982(7). 1182 O. G Kussakin and M. V. Malyulina

Disiribution West Parific tropical species. North-eastern Australia and south-eastern Vietnam.

Genus Cerceis H. Milne Edwards Cerceis Milne Edwards, 1840: 220, 221.-Harrison and Holdich, 19826: 433 " '•' Paradynamene Richardson, 1905: 305. Circeis Baker, 1908: 153. Type species: Cerceis Iridenlata Milne Edwards (1840: 221), by original designation.

Remarks Twelve species of Cerceis are known from the indo-West Pacific tropical region. Previously, the genus was recorded from Australia in the south, India and the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, and Singapore and the Philippines in the north. These new records extend the range of Cerceis to the coasts of Vietnam and southern China. The other species previously placed in Cerceis, including C. carinala Glynn, 1970. from Venezuela, as Harrison and Holdich (1982a) correctly indicated, cannot be retained in this genus.

Cerceis sinensis, sp. nov. (Figs 7-9) Material Examined Holotype. North part of the South China Sea, Nanchjou I., Chuan-U. lower inlertidal zone, I0.xii.l958, coil. O. Mokievskij, o- (9-1 mm) (ZIN. No. 1/85084). : Paratypes. Same locality, I4.xii.i958, I9 (allotype 6-9 mm), 3cr {i-'^-l-l mm)

Description - • .' ,f. ,-.v.;j- • • - - - Holotype, male Body moderately convex, lateral margins subparallel, tapering sHghtly towards anterior end, 2-4 X as long as maximum width (at pereonite 6). Dorsal surface of cephalon and pereonites 1-6 smooth, posterior borders sparsely fringed with long setae; posterior margin of pereonite 7 slightly concave in its posteromedial part, with row of small conical tubercles each with setae which are noticeably denser and longer than those on preceding pereoniles. Dorsal surface of pleon densely setose and unevenly granulated. Cephalon about 2-3x as wide as long and l-2x narrower than pereonite 1. Frontal margin of cephalon almost semicircular, with anterior transverse ridging; small pointed rostrum strongly curved down and only scarcely adjoining acute anterior part of frontal lamina. Posterior margin of cephalon considerably concave, posterolateral angles expanded backward almost to the level of middle of pereonite I. Eyes small, brown, ovate. Pereonites 1 and 7 equal in length and longest, together 40% of pereon length. Pereonites 2, 3 and 6 subequal in length, each I -5 x shorter than pereonite 1 or 7, but I • 1 x longer than pereonite 4 and l-3x longer than pereonite .\ the shortest one. Coxae of pereonites 2-5 similar in size and shape, falcate, pointed; those of pereonite 6 strongly produced and obtuse; those of pereonite 7 almost rectangular, with distal rounded corners, Pleon about \ of total body length. Pleonite I completely separated from others by suture but concealed dorsally by pereonite 7; pleonites 2-4 medially fused, bui clearly indicated laterally; posterior margin of pleonite 4 almost straight, without projections or tubercles. Pleonite 2 lateral margins enlarged distally, with produced posterolateral angles. Lateral margins on pleonite 3 almost rectangular; on pereonite 4 narrow, triangular, with posterolateral projections. Pleotelson roughly pentagonal, tapers evenly towards deep parallel-sided distal notch; anterior margin weakly concave, posterolateral margins almost straight. Dilated anterior half of pleotelson with 3 broad rounded longitudinal ridges, dorsal surface covered with small rounded tubercles; distal part with massive pear-shaped white bulge, tapering and posteriorly extending over posterior notch and posterior of pleotelson. Sphaeromatidae from (he South China Sea 1183

Frontal lamina broadly lambdoid, anterior margin triangular, acute, posterior margin deeply concave, almost semicircular. Antennule short, recurved, not reaching posterolateral angle of pereonite 1; basal article massive, more than twice as long as wide, anterodistai angle produced forming long pointed process, almost entirely enveloping outer border of article 2 of peduncle; posterodistal angle of article I also expanded into acute process but shorter than those on anterodistai angle and does not reach the middle of posterior margin of article 2. Second peduncular article 2-25 x shorter and nearly twice as narrow as article 1, but 3 X as wide as article 3. Peduncle l-3x longer than 12-articled flagellum. Antenna extending to posterior of pereonite 2; peduncle slender, all articles of about equal width; article 5 longest, slightly shorter in length than articles 3 and 4 combined and somewhat longer than articles 1 and 2 combined; flagellum !-4x as long as peduncle, 18-articled. Mandible incisive process relatively narrow, with 4 narrow cusps, 3 composing distal part, and a shorter medial cusp located more proximally; lacinia mobilis almost as wide as incisor.

Fig. 7. Cerceis sinensis, sp. nov. a-c, male, holotype; d, female, paratype: a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, pieotelson, ventral view; d, dorsal view. H84 O G. Kussakin and M. V, Malyutina

with 3 large distal cusps; setal row with about 11 setae, lateral ones distinctly serrated; molar process short, very thick, cylindrical. Maxilliped endite broad, lateral margin strongly convex, medial margin with I coupling hook; lateral margins of palp articles 3-5 each bearing I small seta, those of article 2 smooth. Pereopod 1 considerably shorter and more robust than 2-7; basis with posterior margin almost straight, anterior margin convex; anterior margin of ischium with I small spine; merus with 1 short spine on posterior margin and further 6 spines at posterodista! margin;

Fig. 8. Cerceis sinensis, sp. nov. male, holotype: a. epistoma and labrum; b, maxilliped; c, penes; d, antennule; e, antenna; /. pereopod 7; g, outer lobe of maxillule; h, mandibular paip; /. distal part of left mandible; j, maxilla. Sphaeromatidae from the South China Sea ^,; , . I[g5

anterodistal angle with 1 prominent spine and small spine; carpus small, triangular, with 3 spines on posterior margin; propodus posterior margin with 4 stout long and 3 short spines, anterodistal angle with 2 spines. Pereopods 2-7 with elongated carpi each with 4 large spines on posterior margin, one much longer than others, and with 3 spines on anterodistal angle; merus with expanded rounded-triangular anterodistal angle bearing large acute spine, posterior margin with 1 long and several small spines.

Fig. 9. Cerceis sinensis, sp. nov. male, holotype: a, pleopod I; b, pleopod 2; c, pleopod 3; d, pere- opod I; e, endopod of pleopod 4; /, exopod of pleopod 4; g, endopod of pleopod 5; ii, exopod of pleopod 5; /, distal region of exopod of pleopod 5. 1186 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyulma

Penes each almost rectangular, rounded at distal end, 3-5 x as long as wide. Medial margin of pleopod 1 peduncle with 3 coupling hooks; exopod outer margin with 6 distal serrations long, apically pointed, others are short and rounded; endopod broad but short, rounded-triangular in shape. Pleopod 2 exopod lateral margins diverge to obliquely truncate distal margin, lateral margin with 13 pointed serrations along distal ;; endopod shorter, triangular; appendix ma,sculina longer than endopod, extending just beyond exopod distal margin; dilated proximally, distal half (apering strongly to narrow rounded inwardly curving apex. Pleopod 3 rami of subequal length, endopod subtriangular, exopod oblong-ovate, with complete transverse suture. Pleopod 4 exopod almost triangular, lateral margin with proximal triangular tiny serrated lobe. Pleopod 5 exopod with incomplete subterminal suture and bearing 3 very tiny serrated inflated lobes, proximal lobe considerably smaller than 2 distal lobes. Uropod exopod slightly longer and l-3x wider than endopod, lateral margin evenly convex and serrated, medial margin distally produced into a distinct bluntly pointed tooth; distal end of exopod produced into a small finger-like process; endopod elongated with subparallel margins, lateral margin convex with exception of posterior j which is slightly concave; distal end of endopod with notch.

Allotype, female • •--..'-, J t Body with subparallel lateral margins and with smooth dorsal surface, bearing only setae, which are more numerous on lateral sides; it is twice as long as wide across pereonite 5. Pleotelson distal end with small, almost rectangular median notch. Uropod exopod con­ siderably shorter than endopod, with long soft setae along lateral margin; distal margin distinctly angular; endopod distal margin broadly rounded, without any projections at distolateral angles.

Colour Grey-yellow in alcohol. . "^ , ;

Body length ? 91 mm (holotype), 6-9 mm (allotype), 7-5-7-7 mm (c paratypes). |

Remarkx This species is distinguished from most species of the genus by the size and shape of the posteromedian process of the pieoteison. in C. sinensis this process is massive, inflated and pear-shaped, with a tapering posteriorly produced distal portion. Cerceis pustulosa Harrison & Holdich, 19826 and C pravipalma Harrison & Holdich, 19826, also occur in the South China Sea, and C. sinensis is distinguished by the different shape of the appendix masculina, which is more curved in its distal quarter, and by the wrinkled apex.

Distribution Known only from the type locality in the northern part of the South China Sea.

Cerceis pustulosa Harrison & Holdich (Fig. la) Cerceis pustulosa Harn.son & Holdich, 19826; 434, fig. 7. ;

Material Examined South China Sea: Hainan !., Sanya, on a reef, intertida! zone, amongst Sargassum and other algae, 1^ 6 xii.1959, 4.1.1960, coll. E. Gurjanova, 1 subadult Q (8-3 mm), 1 juv.; Lau Chjou I., intertidal zone, I0-xiJ.1958. coll. O. Mokievsky, 29, 1 subadult

Remarks The Chinese specimens agree well with the description given by Harrison and Holdich (19826), but have the apical pleotelsonic process slightly narrower, nearly pointed, not blunt.

Distribution Previously reported from north-eastern .^ustralia, Queensland.

Cercm prawpfl/mfl Harrison & Holdich (Fig. Wb) Cerceis pravipalma Harrison & Holdich, 1982/;: 436, figs i-9{a-f).

Material Examined Hainan r.: Sanya and Sin-In; Southern Chinese coast, Lau Chjou I. Southern Vietnam: Boutchan Bay, Thu 1., Re !., from inteitidal zone to depth 25 m, under stones, on stone blocks, amongst and on Sargassum. Padina. Hipnea and other algae, amongst dead corals. 1958-88. II adult cr to 8 mm, 3 subadull 0-, 2 adult Q to 6-3 mm, 3 subadult g, 74 juv.

Fig. 10. a, Cerceis puslulosa; b, Cerceis pravipalma; c, d, Paraleptosphaeroma orucei, sp. nov.: c, adult male, holotype; d, ovigerous female, paratype. 1188 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyucina Distribution Previously known from north-eastern Australia (Queensland); range is now extended to the South China Sea.

Genus Paracerceis Hansen, 1905 Paracerceis Hansen, 1905: 77, 83, 87, 90, 91, 108, 125-7.-Harrison and Holdich, 1982t>; 440. Pflracercm Nierstrasz, 1931:215. Sergiella Pires, 1980: 212-18.-Pires, 1981: 219, 220. -Type species: Naesa caudalaSscy, 1818: 482, by original designation (Hansen 1905: 126).

Paracerceis holdichi, sp. nov. (Figs 11-13) Material Examined '^l Hoiolype. South China Sea: Vietnam, Benhoj Bay, Myodavat Cape, depth 1-5 m, on coralline algae, coll. S. Sheveyko, o- length 4-3 mm (ZIN, No. 1/84420). Allotype. Same locahty, 9 (3-7 mm). No. 2/84420. .. •-i-i,-

Description Holotype male Body strongly convex, lateral margins subparallel, 2-3 X longer than maximum width across pereonite 6; dorsal surfaces granulated, granulation roughest on posterior pereonites and pleonites; lateral margins fringed with long soft setae, more numerous on posterior half of body and uropods. Cephalon trapeziform, tapering slightly towards anterior margin, about 2 X as wide as long, anterior margin with pronounced but short rostrum, narrowly rounded distally. Anterolateral angles of cephalon rounded, thickened, with pair of grooves which conceal antennules. Eyes large, black. Pereonites decreasing slightly in length from anterior to posterior, such that pereonite 1 is 1-4x as long as pereonite 6. Transverse row of small tubercules present on pereonites 3, 4 and 7; 2 rows on pereonites 5 and 6 arising to posterior margin of each segment; on pereonites 3 and 4, rows less pronounced. Lateral margins of pereonites 3-7 also set with small tubercles increasing in size on posterior pereonites and with scattered setae. Free pleonite with 2 pairs of dorsolateral sutures of different length, the posterior ones considerably longer and almost adjoint to each other in middle part of segment; dorsal surface of this pleonite with 5 obscure roughly granulated tubercles, medial one better developed. Pleotelson anterior half with dorsal surface convex and raised above flattened posterior half, roughly granulated, with 5 stout tubercles, median largest with 2 smaller submedian tubercles on either side, remainder anterior to this row. Posterior margin of pleotelson with wide, deep and complex median notch with 3 pairs of teeth, 2 inner pairs are small, distal pair is largest, forming the pleotelsonic apex. Antennule extending to middle pereonite 1; basal article long, stout, twice as long as wide; article 2 subquadrate, l-5x narrower and 2-5 X shorter than basal article; article 3 long, nearly 1 -Sx longer but almost twice as narrow as article 2; peduncle 1-37X as long as 8-articled flagellum. Antenna longer than antennula, peduncle relatively narrow, longer than 10-articulated flagellum. Incisor and lacinia mobilis each with 3 rather obscure teeth. Left mandible setae row with 6 setae, incisor well developed, thick, set with spine-hke dents. Maxillule medial lobe with 4 plumose setae, lateral lobe with about 10 spines. Maxilla inner lobe with about 8 pectinate setae; outer lobe inner branch with 6 spines, outer branch with 5 spines. Maxilliped endite with 1 coupling hook and about 11 stout spines on apex and distal part of inner margin; palp articles 2-4 with long lobes, article 5 narrow and almost as wide as lobes of preceding articles. Pereopod 1 merus with 3 spines on posterior margin and 2 long and 1 short anterodistal spines; carpus with 2 stout spines on posterior margin; propodus relatively stout, with 3 spines and 1 stout broom seta on posterior pargin. Pereopod 2 with merus and carpus elongated; the latter is a little shorter than the former and twice as short as ischium; Sphaeromalidae from the South China Sea 1189

propodus is slender and longer than those of pereopod 1. Pereopods 3-7 more robust than pereopod 2, each with elongated basis and ischium, ischium shghtly shorter than merus and carpus combined and longer than propodus; latter bearing 4 stout spines on posterior margin. Pleopods 1-3 each with 3 coupling hooks. Pleopod 1 endopod triangular and relatively short; pleopod 2 endopod bears appendix masculina with subapical seta. Pleopod 3 exopod with complete suture. Pleopod 5 exopod with 3 scaled lobes. Uropod large, elongated; exopod long and narrow, slightly curved, almost straight, bluntly pointed apically, margins almost smooth, not serrated.

Allotype, female t- Body similar in shape to male, almost 2-3 X as long as broad across pereonite 7. Dorsal granulation and setation of body surface and dorsal sculpturing of abdomen less developed in comparison with male. Apex of pleotelson with relatively narrow and shallow median notch. Uropodal endopod well developed, extending just beyond posterior of pleotelson u1}

i

f- )

IS i

.k i- f a

Fig. II, Paracerceis holdichi, sp. nov. e, female, paraiype; remaindei, aduii male, hoiotype: a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, pleotelson, ventral view; d, epistome and labrum; e, pleon and pleotelson, dorsal view. 1190 O. G. Kussakin and M. V, Malyutina apex, but not reaching apex of exopod; latter relatively shorter and wider than that in male, apically pointed.

Colour ; Male and female, both light greyish yellow in alcohol.

Fig. 12- Paracerceis holdichi, sp. nov. male, holotype: a, right mandible; b, maxilliped; c, pereopod 7; d, antenna: e, maxillule;/, maxilla; g, pereopod 1; h, pereopod 2; /, left mandible. Sphaeromalidae from the South China Sea 1191

Distribution Known only from the type locality.

Remarks There are 14 species of Paracerceis. Such species as P. edithae Boone, 1930, P. dollfusi Lombardo, 1985, P. cohenae Kens\ey, 1984, P. nuttingi CRoone, 1921), P. corrfo/a (Richard-

Fig. 13. Paracerceis holdichi, sp. nov. male, holotype: a-e, pleopods 1-5;/, antennule. 1192 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyutina son, 1899), P. glynni Kensley, 1984, P. gilliana Richardson, 1899, and P. cryptophila Roman, 1979, differ strikingly from P. holdichi in the dorsal sculpturing, and the shape of the distal pleotelsonic incision. P. holdichi can be disguished from P. caudata (Say, 1818) by the absence of serrations on the outer margin of the uropodal exopods, by the wider but shallower distal notch of the male pleotelson, and by the presence of the conspicuous distal notch on the female pleotelson. This last character distinguishes females of P. holdichi from females of P. tomentosa (Schultz & McCloskey, 1967), the male of which is unknown. Females of P. holdichi differ from females of P. angutata (Richardson, 1901) from Florida, the male of which is also unknown, in the wider uropodal exopod and posterior part of the pleotelson, and considerably more prominent, not acute, medial dorsal tubercle of the pleotelson. P. sculpla (Holmes, 1904), P. japonica Nunomura, 1988, and P. beddardi Stebbing, 1905 resemble P. holdichi more closely. The male of P. sculpta is distinguished by the considerably deeper pleotelsonic notch and the more slender, apically pointed exopods of the uropods, and the female is distinguished by the posterior part of the pleotelson expanded and bearing an obscure notch. The male of P. japonica has the distal notch on the pleotelson considerably narrower and deeper, with posterolateral teeth bifurcated, and the two anterior dorsal tubercles of the pleotelson being undeveloped. The female of P. japonica has the distal pleotelsonic notch considerably deeper than that of the female of P. holdichi, and the uropods are shorter and do not extend beyond the pleotelsonic apex. The female of P. beddardi, by contrast, has the distal notch shallower but broader than that of P. holdichi, and the posterior part of the pleotelson is narrower and more produced beyond the uropod apex. The male of P. beddardi has the exopod of the uropod curved more strongly than that of P. holdichi, the distal notch is similar in shape but narrower, the appendix masculina is longer, and the anterior part of the pleotelson bears six tubercles (only five in P. holdichi) because there is a well-developed median tubercle in the anterior row, which is absent in P. holdichi.

Etymology " ""' ' - The species is named for Dr D. M. Holdich of the University of Nottingham, England, for his contributions to sphaeromatid taxonomy.

Genus Paraleptosphaeroma Buss & Iverson Paraleptosphaeroma Buss & Iverson, 1981: 2, 4, fjgs 1-3. —Brusca and Iverson, 1985: 28. Kensley and Schotte, 1989; 208. Type species: Paraleptosphaeroma glynni Buss & Iverson, 1981: 4, 8, by monotypy.

Remarks This genus consists of two recently described species from Panama and from Reunion Island, southern Indian Ocean. Specimens from the South China Sea are morphologically similar to both described species in their general habitus and shape of appendages. However, some slight differences allow the description of a west Pacific specimen as a new species.

" Paraleptosphaeroma brucei, sp. no\. (Hgs 10c, rf, 14, 15) . _.. / ' 1 ^ Material Examined Holotype. South China Sea, northern Vietnam, Gulf of Tonkin, Baitylong I., intertidal zone, under stones and dead corals, 2.vi.l990, coU. M. Malyutina, a (2-2 mm). Paratypes. Same locality, 2-25.vi.l990, M. Malyutina, 14 samples, 44 adult O" up to 2-35 mm, 3I9 with embryos up to 1-98 mm, 72 juv.; south-eastern Vietnam, Sapothe I., 25 m, coarse coral sand, coU. V. Fadeev, ll.ix.l988, 2 subadult 9. ; . ,

Description i Holotype, male Body oval, about 1 • 2 x (while whole contour including antennules and uropods nearly l-5x) as long as maximum width across pereonite 5. Dorsal surface smooth. Membrana Sphaeromatidae from the South China Scs 1193

cingula well developed. Cephalon small, 2-5 X wider than long; anterior margin sinuous, with very short rostral process; eyes not large, consisting of about 39-40 dark pigmented ocellae. Pereonile 1 longest; others increasing in width and length from pereonite 2 to 5; last pereonites and free pleonite being subequal in length and decreasing in width from pereonite 6 to pleonite. Pleotelson roughly triangular with slight distal emargination.

i -JE, i

si

't

I

9 Fig. 14. Paraleplof^phaeroma brucei, sp. nov. adult male, paratype; a, maxilluie; b, maxilliped: c, right mandible; d, distal part of left mandible; e, maxilla; /, antenna; g, pereopod 2; h, pereopod 3; /, penes; j, antennule. 1194 O. G. Kussakin and M- V. Malyuiina

Antennulc reaching the posterior margin of pereonite 1; basal article I 7x longer but only shghtly wider than article 2; peduncle of article 3 natrow, long, 3-2x longer than wide; flagellum of 4 articles, the first is shortest, article 3 is longest, l-5x longer than flagellar article 2. Antenna slender, 5-arlicled peduncle nearly 1 -3 x longer than flagellum; peduncle

Fig. 15. Paraleptosphaeroma brucei, sp. nov. adult male, paratype; a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 7; c, uropod; d-h, pleopod 1-5. Sphaeromalidae from the South Ciiina Sea 1195 articles 1-3 shorter, their lolal length l-5x longer than article 4, articles 4 and 5 longest, subequai in length; flagellum of 9 setose articles. Mandible incisor elongate, tricusped; lacinia mobilis of left mandible tricusped; palp articles 1 and 2 longest and subequai in length, article 3 narrowest, only half the length oi article 2; article 2 with 4, article 3 with 6, setae. Maxillule endopod with 4 curved subequai pectinate setae and I straight simple spine-like seta; exopod with about 7 curved spines. Maxilla 2 lateral lobes each with 3 long slender curved spines, inner of these lateral lobes bear additionally 1 distal spine-like seta; media! lobe with 3 distal setae and 2 serrated spines. Maxilliped endile with 1 long coupling hook; palp article 2 longest, about 2-5 X longer than article 1 or 3 and nearly 2x longer than article 4; article 4 about l-3x longer than articles 5 or 3. Pereopod I merus with 2 stout serrated anterodistal spines; triangular carpus with I elongated posterodistal spine; propodus with several short spines along posterior and anterior margins, 1 anterodistal seta and 1 sirong serrated posterodistal spine. Pereopod 2 slender; merus, carpus and propodus about the same length; posterior margin of these segments with spine-like membranous structures; carpus and merus also with 2-3 simple setae of different length; anterodistal angle of merus with 2 serrated spines, of carpus with 1 seta. Pereopod 3 similar to pereopod 2. Pereopods 4-7 similar to each other. Pereopod 7 carpus with 2 posterodistal and 1 anterodistal seta; propodus posterior margin with 1 short and 2 long setae. Penes about 6x longer than width at base, tapering to narrow rounded apex; distal half slightly twisted. Pleopod 1 exopod expanded to rounded distal end, about 3 x longer than wide, with 8 distal plumose setae. Pleopod 2 exopod 2-7 X longer than wide, with 1 plumose seta on lateral margin and 9 distal plumose setae, about twice as long and nearly l-5x longer than endopod; endopod 2-3 x longer than wide, with 5 plumose setae; appendix masculina slightly curved, with rounded apex, extending much beyond distal margin of endopod. Pleopod 3 exopod oval, bearing 15 plumose setae along lateral and distal margins; endopod somewhat wider than exopod, with 8 distal plumose setae. Pleopod 4 endopod oval, without setae; exopod gradually tapering to narrow rounding apex bearing 1 thick plumose seta. Pleopod 5 endopod and exopod oblong-ovate, exopod with 2 rounded distal bosses bearing scale-like structures. Uropod 2-3 x as long as wide; endopod with straight distal margin, twice as long as exopod; exopod twice as long as wide, tapering to narrow rounded distal margin.

Female Quite similar to males m general habitus, except for sexual characters, and length only to 1 98 mm. Up to 11-13 embryos in internal pouch.

Remarks ."ill three species of Paraleptosphaeroma are quite similar in their general habitus and may be distinguished by some small but clear differences in details of the shape and setation of some appendages. It is interesting that the Asiatic species has more features in common with the American than with the Indian species. The present new species differs from two other species in having the appendix mascuhna only slightly curved, and in having many more ocellae. This species agrees only with P. indica (Mtiller 1990) in having nine flagellar articles on antenna (6-7 in P. glynni), but differs from P. indica and agrees with P. glynni in having about 15 long plumose setae (only six setae in P. indica) on the exopod of pleopod 2. Pleopod 1 exopod in P. glynni with 10, in P. indica with 9, and in P. brucei with 8 marginal setae. Pleopod 2 endopod bears I short and 2 long plumose setae, in P. glynni 3-5 short, simple setae, and in P. indica 5 long, plumose setae. Article 2 of mandibular palp in P. indica with 3 setae, in P. brucei with 4 setae, and in P. glynni with 3-4 .setae.

Etymology This species is named for Ur Niel Bruce, who has greatly furthered the study of Isopoda, especially of the Australian region. 1196 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyulina

Genus Chitonosphaera, gen. nov. Type species: Gnorimosphaeroma lata Nishimura, 1968, by designation. :

Description Body elliptical, dorsally moderately convex, lateral margin-s fringed only by short seiae, without a membrana cingula. Anterolateral margins of cephalon slightly produced and adjoining with second articles of antennular peduncle, cephalon thus not forming part of body outline. Coxal plates broad, subquadrangular, separated by sutures from lergites, strongly dilated laterally and adjoining each, forming smooth body outline. Dorsal surface of pereon smooth. Only pleonites 1 and 2, and narrow anterior parts of pleotelson reach the lateral border of the body; posterior pleonile narrower than preceding pleonites, not participating in outUne of the body. Anterior pleonal suture indicated by lateral incisions which are shorter than width of coxal plates; second suture much longer than incomplete. Pleotelson evenly convex, subtriangular, apex obtusely truncated, not concealed by uropods, entire, without notches, grooves, or projections. Antennule peduncle articles 1 and 2 flattened and dilated, subtriangular, produced in front of cephalon, entirely concealing anterior margin. Basal articles of antennule approximating each other on the midhne and not separated by epistome, which does not expand forward and is not visible. Articles 2-4 of maxilliped palp produced into wide but not long lobes. Mandible with well-defined, very broad molar process, and incisive part rather narrow. Pereopods ambulatory, non-modified with 2 unequal claws. Two rami of pleopod 3 without sutures, bearing long plumose setae. All rami of posterior pleopods flat, membranous, lacking transverse folds. Pleopod 4 exopod with a few plumose apical setae and several simple outer-marginal setules, endopod lacks any of them. Both rami of pleopod 5 without setae or setules. Rami of penis short, blunt- tipped not united at base. Appendix mascuhna slightly dilated in distal third, with rounded top. Both uropodal rami take part in forming the body contour; endopod long, not extending beyond pleotelsonal apex; exopod short, fixed, inserted into notch of sympod.

Remarks " \ '--- \ In 1968, Nishimura described a new species, Gnorimosphaeroma lata, from central Honshu, Japan. However, this species clearly differs from other species of Gnorimo­ sphaeroma Menzies, 1954, in its more flattened body, in its subquadrangular rather than tongue-shaped epimera, in its subtriangular rather than semi-circular pleotelson with truncated apex and, especially, in the different structure of the uropods, with the immovable exopod fixed fast into the notch of the sympod and forming with the exopod the body outline. Moreover, peduncle articles 1 and 2 of the antennule of G. lata are greatly dilated, subequal in width and form the anterior part of the body contours; article 3 is considerably narrower. In contrast, in all species of Gnorimosphaeroma, the antennular articles are moderately dilated and gradually narrowed distaily. A new genus, Chitonosphaera, must for this reason be erected to contain Gnorimosphaeroma lata Nishimura, 1968, and probably also Gnorimosphaeroma salebrosa Nishimura 1968, both from central Japan. The new genus must be placed into group 'E' of Wagele (1989).

Etymology The generic name is composed of the Latin for 'flat oval mollusc' and the Greek 'sphaira' (globe). It means that this genus has a similar outline of a depressed body and is capable of rolling into a ball. Gender feminine.

Chitonosphaera lata (Nishimura), comb, nov (Figs 16-18) Gnorimospfiaeroma lata Nishimura, 1968: 273-9, figs 1-5. Sphaeromalidae from ihe South China Sea 1197

Fig. 16. Chitonosphaera lata, female: a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, epistome and labrum and right antennule and antenna.

Material Examined South China Sea; south-eastern Vieinant, Nhalrang, 4 m, 15.iii.l98l, S. Roslomov, la (3-4 mm); Gulf of Tonkin, a beach on Ihe nvcr Van-Uk, l.vii.l961, E, F. Gurjanova, 1 damaged specimen without cephalon; China coast, Lau-Chjou !., inlertidal zone, i0.xii.l958, O. B. Mokievsky, Icr.

Distribution West Pacific subtropic-tropical species. Known from central Honshu, Japan and south­ eastern Vietnam. ,-•• ' -

Acknowledgments " - Wc are grateful to Drs S. Y. Lee and C. P. S. Cheung (University of Hong Kong), who kindly presented to us their collections of sphaeromalids. We are also grateful to Dr N. L. Bruce for his careful reading and constructive criticism of this paper.

References ~ ; Arcangeii, A. (1934). 11 genere Jaera Leach nel mediterraneo e la convivenza occasionale di Jaera hopeano Cosls con Sphaeroma .-^erratum (Fabr.). BoUelino del Museo Zoologica di Torino 44, 273-92. Baker, W. H. (1908). Notes on .some species of the isopod family Sphaeromidae, from the South Australian coast. Transaclions of Ihe Royal Society of South Australia 32, 138-62, pis I-IO. Baker, W. H. (1926). Species of ihe isopod family Sphaeromidae, from the eastern, southern, and western coasts of Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 50, 247-79, pis 38-53. m 1198 O. G. Kussakin and M. V. Malyutina

Fig. 17. Chltonosphaera lata, female; a, maxilliped; b, anlennuie; c, uropod; d, maxiUule; e, maxilla; /, pereopod 7; g, left mandible; h, pereopod 1; /, pereopod 4; j\ antenna. 4L. Sphaeromatidae from the South China Sea 1199

Fig. 18. Chitonosphaera lata, c, male; remainder, female: a, pleopod 1; b, pleopod 2; c, pleopod 2; d, pleopod 3; e, pleopod 4;/, pleopod 5; g, pereopod 6; h, pereopod 2; /, pereopod 3; j, pereopod 5.

'.31 1200 O. G. kussakin and M. V. Malyutina

Baker. W. H. (1928). Australian species of the isopod family Sphaeromidae (continued). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 52, 49-61, pis i-6. Barnard, K. H. (1914). Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. B-Additions to the marine Isopoda with notes on some previously incompletely known species. Annals of the South African Museum 10, 325-442, pis 27-39. Bate, C. S. (1866). Carcinological gleanings. 2, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 3 17, 24-31. Boone, P. L. (1918). Descriptions of ten new isopods. Proceedings of the United Slates Nadonal Museum 54, 591-604, pis 89-92. Boone, P. L. (1921). Report on the Tanaidacea and Isopoda, collected by the Barbados-Antiqua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History 95, 91-8. Boone, P. L. (1923). New marine tanaid and isopod Crustacea from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 36, 147-56. Boone, P. L. (1930). New decapod and crustaceans from Gonave Bay, Haiti. Zoologica, New York 12, 41-53- Bosc, L. A. G. (1802), Histoire naturelle des cruslaces, contenant ieur description et leurs moeurs, 2. Paris, Detervilie. In 'G. L. L. de Buffon (Count), Histoire naturelle de Buffon, classee ... d'apres le systeme de Linne ... par R. R. Castel nouvelle e'dition'. Vol. I: 1-328; 2: 1-306. (Paris.) Briggs, J. C. (1974). 'Marine Zoogeography.' (McGraw-Hill Book Co.: New York.) 476 pp, Bruce, N. L. (1980), The systematics of some Japanese marine isopods (Fam. Sphaeromatidae) of the genera Dynoides Barnard, 1914 and Cymodocella Pfeffer, 1887, with descriptions of two new species. Cruslaceana 38, 199-211. Bruce, N. U. (1982a). On a small collection of marine isopoda (Crustacea) from Hong Kong. £n 'Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1980'. pp. 315-24. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong.) Bruce, N. L. (1982/7). The genus Dynoides Barnard, 1914 (Crustacea: Isopoda:Sphaeromatidae) from eastern Australia, with description of a new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20, 447-53. Bruce, N. L. (1990). New records of isopod crustaceans (Flabellifera) from Hong Kong. In'Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1986'. (Ed. B. Morton.) pp- 549-54. (Hong Kong University Press: Hong Kong.) Brusca, R. C, and Iverson, E. W. (1985). A guide to the marine isopod Crustacea of Pacific Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical Universidad de Costa Rica 33 (suppl. !), I-IV, J-77. Buss, L. W.. and Iverson, E. W. (1981). A new genus and species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with experiments and observations on its reproductive biology, interspecific interactions and color polymorphism. Postiila 184, 1-23. Cariton, S. T., and Iverson, E. W. (1981). Biogeography and natural history of Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing (Crustacea : Isopoda) and its introduction to San Diego Bay, California. Journal of Natural History 15, 31-48. Carvacho, A. (1985). Le genre Dynoides Barnard: une mise pomt (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae). Cruslaceana 48, 183-7. Dana, J. D. (1853). Report on the Crustacea. In 'United States Exploring "Expedition, under the Command of Charles Wilkes, ILS.N., 183X-42'. Vol. 13, pp. 690-1018. Ekman, S. (1934). Indo-West-Pazifik and Ai!anto-Ost-Pazifik, eine tiergeographische Studie. Zoo- geographica 2, 320-74. Ekman, S. (1935). 'Tiergeographie des Meeres.' (Acadmie Verlag: Leipzig.) Xn + 542 S. Ekman, S. (1953). 'Zoogeography of the Sea.' (Sidwich and Jackson: London.) 418 pp. Fabricius, J. C. (1787). Montissa Inseclorum, sistens eorum species nuper detectos; adjectis characteribus genericis, differeniiis specificis, emendaiionibus, observationibus. 1, Hafniae 1-XX, I~348. Gurjanova, E. F. (1972). Zoogeographical z:onalion of the sea. In 'Investigations of Marine Fauna'. Vol. 10(18), pp. 8-21. (Nauka Press: Leningrad.) (In Russian.) Hale, H. M. (1929). Crustacea from Princess Charlotte Bay, North Queensland. The Isopoda and Stomalopoda. Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 53, 33-6. Hansen, H. J. (1905). On the propagation, structure and classification of the family Sphaeromidae. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 49, 69-135, pi. 7. Sphaeromatidae from ihe Sou^h China Sea 1201

Harrison, K., and Hoidich, D. M. {1982a). Revision of the genera Dynamenella, Ischyromene, Dyna- menopsis and Cymodocella (Crustacea; Isopoda), including a new genus and five new species of eubranchiate sphaeromatids from Queensland waters. Journal of Crustacean Biology 2, 84-119. Harrison, K., and Hoidich, D. M. (1982ii). New eubranchiate isopods from O'jsensland waters. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20, 421-46. Harrison, K., and Hoidich, D. M. (1984). Hemibranchiatae sphaeromatids (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Queensland, Australia, with a world wide review of the genera discussed. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 81, 275-387. Haswell, W. A. (1881). On some new Australian marine Isopods —Pan i. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 5, 470-81, pis 16-19. Holmes, S. J. (1904). Remarks on the sexes of sphaeromids with a description of a new species of Dynamene. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3. Zoology 3. 296-306, pi. 34. Hurley, D. E., and Jansen, K. P. (1977). The marine fauna of New Zealand: Family Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda :Flabellifera). Memoirs of the New Zealand Oceanographical Institute 63. 1-85. Iverson, E. W. (1982). Revision of the isopod family Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: FlabeUifera). 1. Subfamily names with diagnoses and key. Journal of Crustacean Biology 2, 248-54. Jacobs, B. J. M. (1987). A laxonomic revision of the European, Mediterranean and NW. African species generally placed in Sphaeroma Bosc, 1802 (IsopodarSphaeromatidae). Zoologische Ver- handelingen 238, 1-71. Kensley, B. (1978). 'Guide to the Marine Isopods of Southern Africa.' (South African Museum: Cape Town.) 173 pp. Kensley, B. (1984). The Atlantic Barrier Reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay. Belize, HI: new marine Isopoda. Smithsonian Contributions to Marine Sciences 24, IV+ 81 pp. Kensley, B., and Schotle, M. (1989). 'Guide to the Marine Isopod Crustaceans of the Caribbean.' (Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington and London.) 308 pp. Kjennerud, J. (1952). Ecological observations on Idothea negiecta G. O- Sars. Universitet i Bergen. Arbok, 1950. Vol. 3. pp. 1-47. Kussakin, O. G. (1979). 'Marine and Brackish-water Isopod Crustaceans of Cold and Temperate Waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder FlabelHfera.' (Nauka Press: Leningrad.) 472 pp. (In Russian.) Kussakin, O. G., and Malyutina, M. V. (1987). Marine isopod crustaceans (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the intertidal zone of the Bay of Peter the Great, in 'Intertidal Investigations in the Far-eastern m Marine Reserve and Adjacent Regions, Vladivostok', pp. 47-67. (In Russian.) B.\ Kussakin, O. G., and Malyutina, M. V. (1992). Additions to the fauna of isopod genus CUicaeopsis (IsopodarSphaeromatidae) of western part of Pacific, with descriptions of two new species. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 71, 46-57. (In Russian.) Ku.ssakin, O. G., Malyutina, M. V., and Roslomov, S. (1990). Two new species of Paracilicaea Stebbing, 1910 (Crustacea: Isopoda:Sphaeromatidae) from the coast of south-east Asia. Asian Marine Biology 7, 8I-9L Kwon, Do Heon, and Kim. Hoon Soo (1986). Dynoides spinipodus, a new species of sphaeromatid isopod (Crustacea) from the south coasts of Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 2, 43-8. Latreille, P. A. (1825). 'Families Naturelles du Regne Animal. Exposees Succinctement et dans un Ordre Analytique, avec I'lndication de leurs Genres.' (Paris.) pp. 1-570. Leach, W. E. (1818). Cymothoadees. In 'Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles'. (Ed. G. F. Cuvier.) Vol. 12, pp. 69-75. (Paris.) Lombardo, C. A. (1985). Paracerceis dollfusi n. sp. di crostaceo isopodo (Sphaeromatidae, Eubranchiatae) del Senegal. Animalia, Catania 12, 153-63. Loyola e Silva, J. de (I960). Sphaeromatidae do litoral Brasileiro (Isopoda —Cru.stacea). Boletin da Universidade do Parana, Zoologia 4, 1-182. Mak, P. M. S., Huang, Z. G., and Morton. B. S. (1985). Sphaeroma walkeri Stebbing (Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae) introduced into and established in Hong Kong. Crustaceana 49, 75-82. Menzies, R. J. (1954). Review of the systematics and ecology of the genus "Exosphaeroma', with the description of a new genus, a new species, and a new sub-species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Sphaero­ matidae). American Museum Novitates 1683, 1-24. Menzies, R. J. (1962). The marine isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin. Baja California, Mexico. Pacific Naturalist 3, 237-48. Menzies, R. J., and Glynn, P. W. (1968). The common marine isopod Crustacea of Puerto Rico. A handbook for marine biologists. Studies on the Fauna of Curaqao and other Caribbean Islands 27, 1-133. li ^^i^zf^ '

Sphaeromatidae from the Souih China Sea 1203

Shen, C. J. (1929). Description of a new Isopoda, Dynoides dentisinus, from the coast of North China. Builelin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology I, 63-78. Slebbing, T, R. R. (1874). A new Australian sphaeromid, Cyclura venosa; and notes on Dynamene rubra and viridis. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 12, 146-61, pi. 6. m Stebbing, T. R. R. (J878). Notes on sessile-eyed crustaceans, with description of a new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (Series 5) I, 31-7, * Stebbing, T. R. R. (1990). On some curstaceans from the Falkland Islands collected by Mr Rupert Vallenlin. Proceedings of (he Zoological Society of London 1900, 517-68. Slebbing, T. R. R. (1905). Report on the Isopoda collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pear! Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 4. Supplementary Report. Vol. 23, pp. 1-64, pis 1-12. Slebbing, T, R. R. (1910). Isopoda from the Indian Ocean and British East Africa. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology 14, 83-122, pis 5-11. Tattersall, W. M. (1922). The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands (Indian Ocean). Amphipoda and Isopoda. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 35, 1-19, pis 1-3. Thielemann, M. (1910). Beilrage zur Kenntnis der Isopoden-fauna Ostasiens. Beitrage zur Natur- geschichje Ostasiens herausgegeben von Dr F. Doflein. Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften II. Suppl. Bd. 3. Abhandlung. pp. 1-90. Venudopalan, V. P., and Wagh, A. B. (1987). Cilicaea latreillei Leach: a little known fouling sphaero- matid from Bombay High, Arabian Sea. Biological Oceanography 5, 133-6. Verhoeff, K. W. (1943). Sphaeromatiden-Studien und Buchnerillo n.g. Zeitschrift fiir Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 39, 153-75. Wagele, J. W. (1989). Evolution and phylogenetisches System Stand der Forschung und neue Erkenntnisse. Zootogica 47, Lief. 2, Heft 140, 1-262. Whitelegge, T. (1902). Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. 'Thetis' 1898. Crustacea, Part in. Isopoda, Part IIL Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4, 249-83.

Manuscript received 17 April 1991. accepted 7 July 1992