SUMMER 2019 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY #4

ACCOMPLISH “IN LYON, WE’RE SPEEDING UP INNOVATION IN ALL ITS FORMS.”

INSPIRE ENLIGHTEN EXPLORE NUDGING STYLE ABIDING BY THE RULES? AHEAD PULSE IS INTENDED FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS, DECISION MAKERS AND OPINION LEADERS FOLLOWING EVERYDAY MOBILITY. A KEOLIS‑LED INITIATIVE, THIS BIANNUAL MAGAZINE AIMS TO FUEL DEBATE AND GENERATE

DISCUSSION ABOUT THE TRENDS or some time now, the mobility sector has been profoundly impacted by a new concept: AND CHALLENGES THAT ARE SHAPING Mobility as a Service, or MaaS for short. It is often touted as revolutionary, although a little OUR INDUSTRY. humility may be needed when MaaS is put in perspective. There won’t be any Big Bang on CHECK OUT the horizon, as long as technology isn’t yet matched by the political will or the right system OUR NEW WEBSITE: of governance to steer people away from single occupancy use. Regardless of how innovative pulse-mag.com it is, one new application won’t change the landscape until two fundamental needs are AND ADD THE WIDGET met: a diverse multimodal­ mobility offer, tailored to Fspecific local requirements, and a fully satisfactory door-to- ON YOUR SMARTPHONE door passenger experience on the ground. Any MaaS project needs to be backed by a proactive, pragmatic and progressive governance that brings together all mobility players in the region. This is where the real revolution lies.

In this issue of Pulse, we reflect on the concept of MaaS. We also bring you a host of articles looking at various initiatives and different viewpoints and perspectives. Because it’s only by embracing a strategy of openness and working together that we’ll be able to drive mobility forward.

KARA LIVINGSTON Keolis Group Marketing Director

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CONTRIBUTORS CONTENTS

06 { ENLIGHTEN } 20 { ENLIGHTEN } A MaaS revolution? Off to work we go! Piia Karjalainen talks about this new concept Private companies have and its potential to transform mobility. a vital role to play in the development of shared mobility. 34

Piia Karjalainen Jeremy Yap Christophe Najdovski Fouziya Bouzerda { ACCOMPLISH } { ACCOMPLISH } Senior Manager, Deputy Chief Executive of Public Deputy Mayor of Paris (France), President of Greater Lyon’s public 22 Going underground MaaS Alliance, , Policy and Planning, with responsibility for transport, transport authority SYTRAL Maintaining and upgrading the world’s Finland Land Transport Authority (LTA), roads, and public spaces and second Vice President “In Lyon, we’re speeding oldest metro system in London. Singapore of the City of Lyon (France) up innovation in all its fter graduating in n economic and social sciences, eremy Yap is social sciences professional lawyer, forms.” Piia Karjalainen responsible for teacher, Christophe Fouziya Bouzerda { ACCOMPLISH } Fouziya Bouzerda, President of Greater Lyon’s 38 { EXPLORE } has spent her career Najdovski was was elected as a city 10 public transport authority SYTRAL and second Vice President of the City of Lyon in the transport at the LTA, part Deputy Mayor of councillor in 2008. on the mobility challenges in this region. Could nature help us build more A sector. She worked of Singapore’s A Paris with She served as Pontevedra, efficient transportation? for Finland’s Ministry J Ministry of responsibility for preschool Deputy Mayor of a pedestrian’s of Transport, then became Transport. He also chairs services from 2008 to 2014. A Lyon in charge of business, Insights on how man-made transportation a political adviser to the the mobility transport Since then, he’s been in trade and economic paradise! materials, structures and systems can be European Parliament. authorities committee at charge of transport and development since 2014 28 { EXPLORE } improved by lessons from the natural world. How this Spanish town has become Since 2017, she has led the International Association public spaces as part of the and second Vice President the MaaS Alliance, an of Public Transport (UITP) municipal team led by the a car-free zone and what lies behind of the City of Lyon with the scheme’s success. Smart data on the move! international public-private in Brussels. In Singapore Mayor of Paris. In a joint responsibility for the partnership, which promotes and Paris, micromobility interview with Jeremy Yap, economy and integration An overview of the solutions offered to make mobility more intelligent. 40 { EXPLORE } the development of MaaS is a rapidly growing trend, he discusses the issues since 2017. In 2017, she was (Mobility as a Service). especially the use of electric around micromobility in also appointed President Keoscopie International: Piia talks about the exciting scooters. Together with cities: these new modes are of SYTRAL, the public prospects ahead with MaaS Christophe Najdovski, popular, but the authorities authority that oversees global mobility insights and the best strategies Jeremy shares with Pulse need to support their France’s second-largest { EXPLORE } l l 30 How do people use public transport around for delivering them. his vision about these new development. transport network. She talks the globe? Insights from a new study forms of transport, which to Pulse about the host Nudging ahead by the Keoscopie Observatory. are convenient but need of projects underway to l regulating. facilitate mobility A new way of encouraging citizens to do the right thing. in Greater Lyon and the Rhône department. l 16 { ENLIGHTEN } 42 { INSPIRE } Micromobility abiding by the rules? Boda Boda style The views of transport decision-makers in A look at the dazzling Paris and Singapore on the need to regulate Kenyan Boda Boda bikers, personal mobility devices in their cities. now real-life action figures thanks to a collaboration by artists Bobbin Case and Jan Hoek. Check out the online version: pulse-mag.com

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by Lesley Brown Illustration: Raman Djafari REVOLU- TION? 6 7 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY ENLIGHTEN PULSE

___ Mobility as a Service is MaaS aims to optimise resource allocation platforms. These are vital for offering For MaaS to work we also need a customer-centric approach in relation to demand. Consequently, public mobility services, via dedicated apps. to adopt new business and collaboration transport authorities can really optimise As mobility providers, public transport models allowing profits and risk to be to mobility based on the the management of different transport operators clearly play a key role because they shared on an equal basis. It’s vital that aggregation of transport modes in their specific environment. offer major mass transit options. In addition, every stakeholder is happy with the model ___ there’s a need for new mobility players, like used because you cannot expect anyone to services within a single interface, One major misunderstanding ride hailing, car sharing, or electric come on board if the platform doesn’t offer most of the time a mobile app. over MaaS that I often come across is companies, to complete the existing public them any added value. So public the idea that it would require a completely transport offer, along with others that authorities need to see MaaS as a means By offering a combination deregulated environment. On the contrary, enable data sharing and technical to improve delivery of their transport of different real‑time on-demand it calls for new regulatory thinking, with integration, like IT firms and payment policy goals, whilst operators need to see authorities playing a vital role in setting integrators. A change of mindset to see and MaaS as a means to drive revenue. modes on a designated trip, the framework and policy objectives, 27% unlock the potential of collaboration must it represents a promising while still allowing room for innovation. Transport is be carried out by all those actors. Europe’s biggest So yes, I think ‘revolution’ is quite apt ___ solution for reducing single- when talking about MaaS! source of carbon emissions, However, my work with hat role do you occupancy car usage. But can it contributing 27% the MaaS Alliance has shown me to the EU’s total that MaaS is no longer just about really revolutionise the way we with think public CO2 emissions, these core players. We are seeing W design, think and use transport? representing growing interest coming from consulting hat benefits 45% of these. transport authorities Transport is also the and insurance companies — an indicator of To find out, Pulse caught up with only sector in which a growing market. They are keen to become Wcan MaaS bring? emissions have part of the ecosystem, seeing it as a new should play? PIIA KARJALAINEN, grown since 1990, business opportunity for them. ___ driving an increase ___ Senior Manager, MaaS Alliance Even in developed countries, in the EU’s overall Consultancies are eager to demonstrate their I fully understand that MaaS the public sector is facing tighter budgetary emissions in 2017. expertise in helping both public and private may be challenging for PTAs restrictions. At the same time, inadequate Source: transportenvironment.org organisations start with MaaS. Insurance since it opens up a completely new public transport and congestion are often firms can help boost the reliability operational environment. Cities and proving an issue. Hence the optimisation Following and flexibility of MaaS in two ways: regions have traditionally played a strong a pilot programme MaaS promises is important because we are in Gothenburg by creating a multimodal passenger role in transport policy decision-making seeing a growing need to make more during 2013/14, protection framework and by offering and regulation, with responsibilities often efficient use of public resources. the Swedish MaaS new travel cancellation options. including funding of infrastructure, start-up UbiGo services and procurement. ___ was relaunched in And transport in general Stockholm in 2018 ___ is a major contributor to carbon with platform Today the whole mobility emissions. Although many different provider Fluidtime market is evolving much faster measures have been taken to try and cut and regional public hat other factors and in a less controllable way them and make the sector more sustainable, transport operator than before. MaaS is just one example INTERVIEW Storstockholms will determine nothing has really worked, as shown by the Lokaltrafik (SL). W of this change alongside others. Electric year-on-year growth in transport emissions scooter services, for instance, can pop up since 1990.By making public transport more the success of MaaS? in the streets overnight without authorities attractive and encouraging ridership, MaaS necessarily being informed. Obviously, oes MaaS really have Three European ___ is obviously good news for the environment. projects are On the technical side, there this fast-changing mobility landscape exploring different are two basic enablers. Firstly, is challenging to navigate. I think mobility Dthe potential to aspects of MaaS: availability and sharing of high quality data decision-makers should focus on defining • MyCorridor is a major precondition for the success of goals and conditions for MaaS in their ‘revolutionise’ mobility? • MaaS4EU MaaS. This means data sets that are precise region.Public authorities have a key role ho needs to get • iMOVE. ___ and mostly in real time. And secondly, in defining the collaboration culture I’m happy with the term service integration enabling mobility between the different MaaS stakeholders ‘revolutionise’ because MaaS is both Winvolved for MaaS services from various parties to be brought and monitoring the market dynamics about changing the way transport is together. Here, improving interoperability to anticipate problems and avoid consumed and the way it is provided and to take off? will be key. backlashes. l managed. It creates opportunities to design ______not only more user-centric transport Many different types of In terms of market rules systems, but also far more efficient ones. stakeholders, starting with cities and regulations, the most important ___ and regional authorities responsible for elements are privacy and data sharing. Harnessing a more integrated use of managing and setting the objectives for One way to encourage MaaS is to make sure public transport, with shared on-demand their transport systems. MaaS also needs the data is shared in a secure environment. modes and even privately-owned vehicles private sector partners willing to bring But further innovation is needed to facilitate used together in more integrated ways, innovations and capital to create the MaaS data sharing.

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Almost all of this Spanish town, home to a population of 83,000, has been made a car‑free zone. Pedestrians have reclaimed the streets and quality of life is improving by the day. What lies behind the scheme’s success? Explanations by MIGUEL ANXO FERNÁNDEZ LORES, mayor of

he Galician town of Pontevedra in northwest Spain is known for its picturesque mediaeval centre with a maze of narrow streets Tlined with café terraces — but PONTEVEDRA, it’s not always been that way. In the late 1990s, the town was in decline, overshadowed by its nearby rival, Vigo. Hemmed in by a coastal valley, Pontevedra was choking from air pollution, mainly from cars, and quality of A PEDESTRIAN’S life for local residents, known as ‘pontevedréses’, was being eroded. PARADISE!

by Julien Thèves Photos: Ben Roberts Illustration: Lila Briand

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Cars had literally taken over quality of life for everyone,” says others soon to follow. Pavements losing customers and local the streets. Up to 52,000 cars Lores, who’s been re-elected were removed to level the streets residents were exasperated by passed through the town in mayor ever since. and street parking, and surface disruption from the roadworks, a day — almost as many as the car parks were replaced by but today no one would dream of people living there! While some underground facilities with going back to the old system. just drove through, many others 4,000 spaces for residents or Smaller stores have even seen an would go around in circles Transformation visitors who had no choice but increase in customers. Children trying to find a parking of a town to drive into town, for example can play safely outside, senior spot — taking an average of when moving home or attending ­citizens or people with reduced 18 minutes to do so. The result a medical appointment. mobility now enjoy an environment was endless traffic jams, double ithin a month of “We could have opted for partial that’s much better suited to their parking and pedestrians forced Lores’s election in pedestrianisation, but we wanted needs, and our streets are perfect to weave their way through 1999, cars had been to go further and really discourage for a stroll!” Within no time, the dense and chaotic traffic. banned from the people from using their cars,” rundown town centre had been Inevitably, traffic accidents were historic district and explains the mayor. “There was renovated and restored to its W some opposition, of course. commonplace (30 fatal accidents 300,000 m² of the Old Town former glory, boasting clean, between 1996 and 2006). But had been pedestrianised, with Retailers were worried about well-lit streets. Delivery vehicles, this was all set to change. In 1999 Miguel Anxo Fernández “What’s incredible is the Lores, a town councillor, was amount of respect drivers elected mayor and quickly show to pedestrians. If you resolved to tackle the problem. meet a car coming the opposite “The town council had spent ten way in the Old Town, the driver years thinking about how to either stops or moves aside to transform Pontevedra. We let you by! I must admit I wasn’t consulted a lot of publications by in favour of the plans initially, urban development experts. My but there’s no doubt “For people with reduced aim was to give residents a better pedestrianisation has had a mobility, pedestrianisation place to live. I’m not against cars; I positive impact in several is very positive. It’s always ways. And not just for tourists love travelling by car, especially on better when we can reclaim but for the wellbeing of the motorway! But I wanted to space from cars. However, everyone who lives here, too. the infrastructure now needs create a more people-friendly The only regret I have is that in to be improved for the blind town centre. For me, this was key. the few streets where stores and visually impaired. By taking back the public space for are empty, it’s a bit dead.” Pavements have gone from pedestrians, we’d be able to curb Miguel Lago, the town centre, so we need air pollution, revitalise the store owner to adapt the road surface to Lerez River, which had become guide people who use a white a cesspool, and generally improve cane by integrating different types of paving stones to differentiate areas.” Paulo Fontan, chairman of an association for people ROAD TRAFFIC with reduced mobility HAS BEEN REDUCED BY: which are authorised to enter from across the urban area come encouraging people to walk available run to neighbouring the car-free zone four hours a day into the centre, compared with more is Pontevedra’s most towns and outlying districts, in the in the morning get around easily. 83% in 1999. However, there isn’t distinguishing feature. such as the town hospital and The speed limit is 30km/h across a complete ban on traffic in the Monteporreiro. So, people Old Town 97% the town — down to 20km/h pedestrian area, which now covers walk instead! What’s more, in some parts, “where we’d like 1.3 million m², but surface the authorities have launched in the urban to lower it to 10km/h,” adds parking is limited to 15 minutes. Pedestrian a mobile app to help people 77% centre the mayor. “Cars never get above Drivers caught exceeding the power get around. MetroMinuto 30km/h on average in cities, if limit face a hefty fine of up to provides a metro-style map of you include stops at traffic lights. €200! Free parking is available Pontevedra showing typical in the town “The town covers as a whole In Pontevedra, we’ve replaced on the outskirts (2,500 spaces) here is no public times. 53% traffic lights with roundabouts, and the centre is within easy transport in the town an area measuring 2km by 3km, which improve the flow of walking distance. And that’s the centre. The last remaining so it’s relatively small. This means that if you walk at a speed of CO2 emissions per capita remaining traffic.” Today, the really great part, because besides circular service was have been halved almost three-quarters of the town reducing pollution and creating withdrawn due to a lack 5km/h, you reach your destination T in no time.” is car free. Only 9% of vehicles a more people-friendly town, of passengers. The only services The response has

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pavements were too narrow and “Before, there were so many there wasn’t enough room for two cars parked on the street you people holding umbrellas to get by. couldn’t see my pharmacy! Now, pedestrians have got all the Pedestrianisation hasn’t space they need, and walking harmed my business — quite couldn’t be easier.” the opposite, in fact. It’s also Nevertheless, improved my health, as now complaints are occasionally I can walk easily to work. heard from drivers about traffic Thanks to traffic restrictions jams in the few streets where the air in the town is cleaner. vehicles are allowed. Outside the pedestrian area, however, there are traffic jams at certain times of day, especially when people are leaving work or fetching their Numerous benefits children from school.” Jose Luis Dominguez Gomez, pharmacist he car-free policy has provided plenty more positive benefits. The town hasn’t reported a T single fatal road accident since 2011. Overall quality of life has also improved: fewer cars means less noise and cleaner air (CO2 emissions are 67% lower than they were 20 years ago). The town centre is full of life “Pontevedra is a great town again by day and by night. for children! They can play “Pontevedra has been revitalised outside without any and became more accessible to worries, it’s quite safe. families. It’s one of the few towns “I deliver beer and soft “Pedestrianisation is The forecourt in front in Galicia to experience population drinks to the bars in happening globally! Here in of the school was growth,” Pontevedra. Pontevedra, it’s changed our pedestrianised recently says the mayor proudly. “What’s more, everyone’s talking I’m only authorised to drive lives for the better. You can and the schoolkids even into the Old Town up to leave your car for as long as had their say on the project. about us! A steady flow of midday, but sometimes you like in one of the five large Us adults also benefit journalists come to admire our customers aren’t available edge-of-town parking from pedestrianisation, successful pedestrianisation until late morning, facilities (ed. note: known as even though it means that scheme.” As well as an which means I go slightly over ‘dissuasive car parks’). my husband and I can no enthusiastic response from the the delivery hours… Unfortunately, they quickly fill longer park where we live. Fortunately, the authorities up. Local people need more So, instead we rent media, the town has won several are pragmatic. It’s a bit parking spaces. Plus, the free a parking space. international awards, including trickier outside the town car parks should be asphalted. We’re ready to make a few a European Intermodes prize, centre. Drivers aren’t For now, they’re just rough small sacrifices if it means a UN Habitat Award and allowed to park, so they ground, so when it rains you having a better quality a New York Center for Active apply the one-minute get muddy shoes!” of life.” Design Excellence award. drop‑off rule, which slows Santy Mosteiro, journalist Axa Tilve, writer and Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores me down on my route.” designer, and mother is proud of what he’s achieved: Juan Daniel Garcia of two children, “Every day, people stop me aged six and eight y Sorna, delivery driver in the street to talk about how good our town looks and what been tremendous. “At first, some . 90% of people walk to emphatically. And as a trained a great place it is to live. people grumbled about not being the centre to do their shopping doctor, he knows exactly how Plus, we’ve managed to transform able to park just outside their (planning permission is withheld important walking is to good Pontevedra without bleeding office. Now, they thank me for the for grocery superstores across health: people should aim for the town’s budget dry. short walk they get to enjoy every the town) and 80% of children between 7,000 and 10,000 steps It’s a matter of political will.” l day,” says Miguel Anxo walk to school. “It’s a small town every day, according to WHO Fernández Lores. That’s no so not many people feel the need to recommendations. Of course, doubt thanks to the cycle, but is nevertheless when it rains it’s not so pleasant, MetroMinuto app’s ‘calories high on our agenda. Motor but the mayor is quick to brush vehicles, however, are the least of “That’s what burned’ feature! Today, 72% of that concern aside: See more of Pontevedra on: pulse-mag.com trips are done on foot or by our priorities,” says the mayor umbrellas are for! Before, the

14 15 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY ENLIGHTEN PULSE MICRO- MOBILITY: ABIDING BY THE

The growing popularity of RULES? micromobility or personal mobility devices (PMDs) — , hoverboards, free- floating electric and scooters — in many cities worldwide, is highlighting the need for specific rules and regulations. Pulse met with transport directors from two major cities, Paris and Singapore , to find out more about their experiences and convictions.

by Lesley Brown Illustration: Anil Rinat Photos: Julien Benhamou and Juliana Tan

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Christophe Najdovski Jeremy Yap held the MICRO- has held the position of Deputy position of Deputy Chief Mayor of Paris (France), Executive, Public Transport, MOBILITY: with responsibility Policy and Planning at for transport, roads, travel and Singapore’s Land Transport public spaces since 2014. Authority (LTA) since 2015. ABIDING BY THE He is also president of the He has also served as Deputy European Cyclists Federation, Director for the land transport RULES? which brings together all at the Ministry of Transport, national cycling associations Singapore. He is currently the at the European level. Committee Chair of Organising Authorities for the Brussels- based UITP (International Association of Public Transport).

Paris Working to establish the right balance between keep- ing the pavements safe for all PARIS SINGAPORE users and facilitating micromo- Paris is open to bility is key for the LTA. Riding innovation in public transport, PMDs on pavements is permit- and to personal mobility devices ted, subject to certain conditions, (PMDs) in particular because like a cap on the motorised device they provide services that meet “We need speed and mandatory registration new mobility needs, in addition to SHARED ELECTRIC SHARED ELECTRIC for both shared and even private- those already on offer. Neverthe­ SCOOTERS SCOOTERS micromobility to ly-owned electric scooters. This less, we are facing major challen­ AND BIKES expand mobility makes these devices easier to ges. These mainly concern parking “We have adopted Number of operators identify, which in turn helps in of PMDs, their occupation of the options. We are reporting and regulating them, as public space and proper integra- an open-minded but 12 Number of operators working to establish well as keeping everyone safe. tion into the city. A year ago, the firm approach with (as of June 2019) of electric scooters unclear and incomplete legal the right balance Educating the public, framework meant electric scooter operators. We can’t LTA will between keeping the especially children and young Number of devices award licences services could proliferate any let just anyone by 3Q2019 people in order to teach good rid- which way. Since then, operators in the public space pavements safe and ing behaviour early on, is another have had no scruples about rolling do just anything in facilitating priority. Our active mobility team out their fleets in districts that are the public space.” 15,000 Number of operators micromobility.” at the LTA does a good job here already extremely crowded. This Christophe Najdovski, of electric bikes Jeremy Yap, by communicating on social compromises safety for all and the Deputy Mayor of Paris (France), with responsibility Deputy Chief Executive of Public Transport, Policy media and via other channels. accessibility of pavements for for transport, roads, travel and public spaces 6 for 39,500 devices and Planning, Land Transport Authority (LTA), Singapore in total pedestrians. At the start of 2019, The LTA believes build- we decided to issue fines for rid- ing up a code of conduct over ing and parking free-floating time to establish social norms will electric scooters on the pavement. enable, encourage and facilitate Over the following six months, exchange for occupying the pub- 12 scoot­­er operators and over and so forth. When the new manner. Today, micromobility sharing service in a responsible micromobility. We need micro- 1,200 devices were impounded. lic space. The revenue generated 20,000 shared scooters in service; mobility orientation law (loi companies (such as free-floating manner before granting any full mobility to expand the options will be used to fund the creation one month later, several operators d’orientation des mobilités, LOM) Singapore bike share providers) in the city licences. because traditional scheduled We have also drawn up of dedicated parking ‘hubs’ and had suspended their operations is finally adopted, we will be able state must obtain a licence to Evaluation criteria for mobility can be costly and PMDs a code of conduct which was signed introduction of services that are and we counted just under 15,000 to issue a call for tenders in the operate in public space. We run a these licences include applicants’ grow options for first/last mile by free-floating bike and ‘less floating’. scooters on the city streets. fourth quarter 2019. Just two or two-tiered system comprising a plans to manage indiscriminate trips l operators in June 2018, and by three operators will be selected Singapore’s Active full licence and a sandbox scheme. parking, compliance with motor- electric scooter operators in May In a further step, we Despite such moves, we and they will be obliged to guar- Mobility Act (AMA), in force All new companies start off in the ised PMD fire safety require- 2019. For the latter, the Conseil have capped the number of electric still need to take further action, in antee good working conditions since 1 May 2018, is designed to sandbox, with a controlled fleet ments, their ability to maintain a de Paris (Paris Council) has scooters. In Paris at the beginning relation to employment stand- for their teams and monitor the ensure the PMD ecosystem size, to allow the LTA to assess healthy fleet utilisation rate, and Read the full testimonies on: pulse-mag.com approved a fee to be paid in of June 2019, we counted ards, the life cycle of the scooters, sustainability of their fleets. l develops in a safe and sustainable their ability to run a device-­ track records.

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Worldwide, nvironmental Silicon Valley tech giants, about Further­more, a study the private car imperatives 30 miles away. by the Laboratoire­ de la M­obi­ and growing Today, these kinds of lité Inclusive(4) revealed that is the main urban conges- initiatives are moving to a new 41% of employers in France have OFF TO form of trans- tion have driven level, with stricter regulations experienced difficulties in filling for 64% of the emergence in some countries. In Italy , vacancies due to mobility­ issues of mobility for example, companies with and that 59% have had successful working peo- management tools, especially more than 300 employees must ­candidates turn down job offers ple(1), and one in Europe and the United appoint a mobility manager. for the same reason. States , along with the devel- In January 2018 in France , in five commut- opment of company mobility the law on energy transition for WORK ers spends over plans. The goal is to reduce greener growth made it manda- Beyond 90 minutes ­single occupancy car use by tory for all firms with over the physical encouraging shared mobility like 100 people on the same site to forms of a day at the public transport and ride sharing implement a mobility plan. transport WE GO (2) wheel — with as well as walking, cycling and Forthcoming legislation goes other forms of soft mobility. even further by requiring all Despite the many all the familiar companies with more than benefits of a mobility plan, fig- consequences: The rise 50 employees to discuss travel- ures and feedback shows there’s congestion, related issues at mandatory still a lot of resistance to change. of mobility negotiations with employee In France, for example, only 8% ­pollution, planning rep­resentative bodies. of firms required to implement ­accidents and a mobility plan had complied One of the first to with the regulation by January stress. As the implement a mobility plan was Multiple 2019(5). main decision- London Stansted , benefits for One key to success is which initially had poor public companies to think beyond simply the makers on how transport links. In 2002, Stansted physical forms of transport. work is organ- embarked on a mobility plan, All these efforts to “The exercise begins by asking ised, companies which effectively increased the foster shared mobility are tak- what task or activity gives rise to number of employees using pub- ing place amid a growing con- the journey in the first place. ! have a major lic transport from 7% to 17% in versation about how companies Then, and only then, you start role to play in five years by harnessing informa- can adopt more flexible organ- searching for mobility solutions,” tion acquired using a staff travel isational models. The more for- says Jean-Luc Hannequin, who changing survey exploring characteristics ward-thinking are looking at jointly manages the Booster de ­behaviours including their job types, travel workspace location, remote Mobilité Augmentée platform, and developing habits and the range of public working and flexible hours to which helps organisations in the transport services and reduce the number of home-to- mobility transformation(6). shared mobility. available. work journeys. French construction Siemens was another As well as the obvi- firm Cardinal Edifice is pio- early pioneer in Belgium . ous environmental benefits, neering this approach. “It’s typi- After encouraging staff to use mobility plans can be highly cally managing over 40 sites at by Caroline Mouy public transport and by advantageous for companies the same time. So, to reduce the Illustration: Lionel Serre paying some of the costs, it now in terms of attractiveness, qual- amount of time lost by travelling offers incentives for company ity of life in the workplace, between them, it developed a car drivers; if they choose a more absenteeism and cost outlays. software program that helps modest vehicle, or one with a Consultancy firm BeMobi(3) organise sites more efficiently smaller engine, they receive an estimates that such a plan can and assign the right people on (1) Regus, based on a survey of 15,000 companies of all sizes and in all sectors in 75 countries, additional subsidy for alterna- reduce a company’s travel-re- the basis of skills needs, qualifi- conducted in February and March 2010. (2) Ibid. tive mobility solutions. lated expenses by 5% to 20%, cations and where they live.” (3) A subsidiary of French postal services Meanwhile, for the with savings in season tickets Showcasing the benefits of company La Poste, specialist consultants in eco-friendly mobility. last 15 years, private shuttle and mileage allowances, the mobility plans is doubtless (4) Study conducted by Auxilia. have been carrying thousands of cost of buying and managing a essential in convincing more (5) December 2018 study by ADEME, French l environment and energy management agency. people a day from company vehicle fleet, parking companies to develop them. (6) http://boosterdemobiliteaugmentee.com to the corporate campuses of the facilities and more.

20 21 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY ACCOMPLISH PULSE

“IN LYON, WE ARE SPEEDING UP FOUZIYA BOUZERDA President of Greater Lyon’s public transport authority SYTRAL and second Vice President of the City of Lyon INNOVATION IN After postgraduate degrees in law and criminal science, Fouziya Bouzerda was admitted to the bar in Lyon in 1997 and set up her own law firm in 2002. Actively involved in local politics, she was elected as a city councillor in 2008. Bouzerda has served as Deputy Mayor of Lyon in charge of business, trade and economic development since 2014 and second Vice President of the City of Lyon with responsibility ALL ITS FORMS.” for the economy and integration since 2017. In 2017, she was also appointed President of SYTRAL, the public authority that oversees France’s second‑largest transport network. by Ingrid Labuzan Photos: Didier Bizet and Nanda Gonzague

____ This diversity is an asset, but it’s also a challenge, because it’s our job to create an efficient network capable of meeting continuously evolving needs. When devel- oping mobility solutions, we look at the region as a whole and then cross- check that vision with our under­standing of local needs. We wouldn’t dream of making changes to the trans- port network without placing the authority in charge of citizens, in all their diversity, ASFrance’s second-largest public at the centre of our develop- transport network, SYTRAL ment process. In fact, our goal has a particularly complex is to turn their expectations brief. It spans the whole Rhône into real-world solutions that department, which includes effectively meet their needs. the dynamic city of Lyon, of course, as well as vast suburban ____ In Lyon, we currently areas, which also pose signifi- face the particularly tough cant mobility challenges. challenge of adapting our net-

22 23 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY ACCOMPLISH PULSE

work to a sharp increase in ridership. ____ We’re starting with the network Network use rose by more than 5% layout, which we need to rethink so it in 2018 and again in first-quarter better reflects our vision of what mobil- 2019, versus an average of 2% ity should be. Public transport can no growth in previous years. We must longer be based on a silo approach. now rise to the challenge created by our Multi­modality and intermodality own success. must now be taken into account right from the design phase. It’s Lyon’s network (TCL) important, for example, that users can at a glance Mobility, one of access a public transport network, such Lyon’s key assets as the metro, by bicycle or car. And that means providing secure parking and 4 75% metro lines. of journeys ____ The increase in network ridership cycle paths. The idea isn’t to pit one form on the network reflects the area’s popularity. Lyon has of transport against another. Instead, we are made thanks to electric forged a reputation, both in France and want to help residents combine the var- energy. 2 abroad, as an extremely attractive city. ious modes available to find the best way lines. Thanks to the considerable resources to get from A to B. But network devel- allocated to boosting its development, opment can’t be approached lightly. 5% increase Lyon is regularly recognised as 6 Numerous factors must be considered, lines. in ridership one of the best cities to live and including the accessibility and safety of in 2018 and invest in. first-quarter As a result, the city saw the each site and how it will interact with 2019. Over arrival of more than 100 new businesses other types of transport. To more in 2018, half of them from outside effectively connect outlying neigh- 120 bourhoods, we’ve started build- bus and France’s France, and the creation of 3,000 new lines, ing a new tram line with more than 3,000 2nd jobs. Since 2011, our population has that will skirt the stops. biggest increased by around 1% per year, thanks city’s edge, a first for Lyon. Phase 1 will public transport network in part to the many young professionals be operational in November 2019. A by number who decide to make Lyon their home. study is already underway on a second 3 of journeys. These new arrivals come with high phase, which would extend network autonomous shuttles. expectations about the environment and coverage to several of the city’s residen- quality of life in Lyon and a determina- tial and business clusters. Asset management tion to rely less on cars. Station upgrades, new metro and The SYTRAL tram lines and dedicated bus lanes ____ The Rhône department as a whole A safe, accessible are just some of the initiatives being network network carried out as part of a major is also seeing dynamic development. renovation effort launched by There’s a large student population, with covers SYTRAL. The project is structured several universities and business and ____ Accessibility isn’t just about the the entire around three main programmes: engineering schools. These young people number of transport options available. Rhône are the first to adopt new practices, and We also need to devise solutions that department: CapaTram they want flexibility, technology and enable everyone to make the most of the We’re innovating in That’s why (2015–20) connectivity. public transport network. which is designed to meet growing all these areas, by extending all except one of our 49 metro and 278 demand on the tram network. towns. Close to €60 million has been the metro network’s operating funicular car stations are accessi- invested to increase capacity on lines hours at weekends, and installing ble to people with limited mobility. T1 and T2 by 15% and line T4 by 30%. 4G in tunnels and stations. We also aim to make the network more 2,700 accessible in terms of pricing. A quarter square kilometres Avenir Métro ____ Development has been rapid in of our travel pass holders now benefit (over 1,000 sq mi). (2017–23) to upgrade the metro network and various parts of the Greater Lyon area. from reduced fares for low-income earn- increase its capacity. A total of We now need to more effectively con- ers. And we’ve automated the process €430 million will be invested overall, 1.8 notably to acquire 30 new-generation nect these neighbourhoods to our net- for changing categories, so that million people. trains, and line B will be fully work to ensure overall cohesion. passholders are automatically switched automated by 2020. to the right category for their age. 500 M ____ The many and varied challenges we journeys per year. Atoubus face are pushing us to speed up innovation ____ We’re also looking at how to help (since 2011) in all its forms to ensure a seamless and people who don’t feel safe on public In the near term, in response to the Over 45 M significant increase in ridership inclusive mobility experience for everyone. transport, particularly female passen- kilometres already observed, SYTRAL is taking Our top priority for the network is (28 million mi) unprecedented measures to gers. Women are the main users of our strengthen its network, with a budget travelled each year accessibility in the broadest sense. allocation of more than €6 million. network, accounting for 60% of the by bus or trolleybus.

24 25 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY ACCOMPLISH PULSE

Accessibility total. We’ve launched an app called eco-district. A world first, the shuttles Mon Chaperon, which helps out of have already carried a total of of the30% people who 7bus stops10 are users find someone to travel 40,000 passengers. We’ve since use the TCL network accessible to people with. on-de- have accessibility with limited mobility. We’ve also introduced acquired two new shuttles, which will needs (people with mand stops after 10 pm on our be fully integrated into the TCL net- disabilities, the sick, bus lines, elderly or injured, 812 so passengers can alight as work and rolled out in the coming pregnant women, strategic bus stops close as possible to their destination if weeks to meet growing daily demand families with will be made pushchairs, passengers accessible by 2022. their bus isn’t crowded. And, over four around the Groupama Stadium. with luggage, etc.). years ago, we were the first to The network’s rolling launch “explo­ratory walks” on stock is A close, All metro our bus lines (see Pulse No. 3). This ini- 100% tiative involves female passengers car- transparent stations accessible (buses, partnership are accessible metros, ). rying out their usual journey except one, because accompanied by mobility and safety of its layout. They’re also equipped with Lyon experts, so they can identify the places ____ It takes a long time to build an talking lifts and tactile won the European or factors that make them feel unsafe. efficient network, so it’s easy to lose buttons with braille Commission’s Access momentum. That’s why it’s vitally signage. City Award in 2018. important that everyone involved is Sustainable fully committed to meeting the Sustainable development mobility mobility challenge. Operators are clearly key partners. With Keolis, A total of 75% ____ SYTRAL also shares users’ whose teams have demonstrated their €1.2 of journeys are made growing concerns about quality of commitment on all fronts, we’ve on electric vehicles billion (fully electric trolleybus, life, which is why the energy transi- forged a relationship based on high will be invested metro or tram), and public between 2015 and 2020 transport as a whole tion is central to our initiatives. standards and transparency. to expand the network generates less than Every day, 1.8 million journeys and increase capacity. are made on the TCL network, 3% ____ Our collaborative approach of total air pollution. 75% of them thanks to electric extends beyond this partnership to

power. Between our metro and tram include residents, businesses and other More than lines, our fully electric stakeholders in the local economy. We €200 The future and our cable cars, three-quarters­ of maintain constant dialogue with all of solar power plant, our network already runs on elec- them so we can work together to million will feature tricity. And we have even more shape our future. At SYTRAL, we spent on environmentally- friendly buses. 10,000 ambitious objectives for the future. focus in particular on sharing square metres (2.5 acres) of solar panels. France’s energy transition act calls information and fostering dia- for 100% clean public transport by logue with residents. We talk to 2025. We plan to achieve that target people in the street, organise work- Lyon will have five years earlier. shops on specific topics and hold con- the largest Tick’Air ferences for the public and meetings tickets is sold during ____ Starting in September 2019, one with local committees. number periods of peak pollution of our bus lines will be operated to encourage residents of park- to leave their cars solely by biogas-powered buses. ____ We also go to great lengths to at home and take public and-ride transport. And in 2020, more than 50 new gauge public opinion, which we’re cur- natural gas-powered vehicles, rently doing for the future metro spaces electric buses and next-genera- line E, for example. This time, even in France. tion (IMC) trolleybuses will be the route and the number of stations added to the SYTRAL fleet. We’re have been sub­mitted for public con- also carrying out various trials that sultation. Various formats are offer significant promise, including used to capture people’s views, eco-driving assistance for bus drivers, including paper and online sur- load weight calculators on buses and, veys, as well as face-to-face inter- soon, hydrogen technology. In addi- views. Above and beyond all the new tion, our city is leading the way technologies and solutions, the real in autonomous vehicles. Since innovation in our eyes is 2016, we’ve been trialling two auton- that we’re co-constructing with omous shuttle buses in the Confluence citizens. l

26 27 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY EXPLORE PULSE

aptured by machines, sent by our SMARTER SOLUTIONS GOING FORWARD Beyond the obligation to anonymise data, operators phones and shared in real time, data is are increasingly required to make it freely available. ublic transport authorities, rolling stock manufac- everywhere and the sheer amount is This is the concept of open data. In Rennes, France , turers and mobility operators are increasingly growing all the time. In 2020, every for example, data from the transport network is now realising the value of smart data and how it can person on planet Earth will be gener- being widely disseminated. The STAR network, P help improve services for passengers, such as real- ating 1.7 megabytes of data per second operated by Keolis, shares information with busi- time information and MaaS (Mobility as a Service) — that’s the size of an MP3 music nesses, citizens and other stakeholders to help solutions, as well as predictive maintenance. All around SMART file(1). Big data has become a fact of improve mobility services and better serve the public the world, cities and businesses are leveraging this life. But what’s now emerging is the interest. “Startups developing transport apps should wealth of information to improve the way we travel. In idea of smart data. So, what exactly commit to discouraging solo driving, for example,” Singapore — with its ubiquitous cameras and sensors makes data ‘smart’? Well, rather than says Vincent Cadoret, chief data officer for Keolis. of every kind — buses and metro trains are hugely just passively collecting huge amounts “Route calculators for motorists like Waze can create popular and new forms of mobility are being readily of it, what if we could cherry pick the information we congestion, noise and pollution on streets that were developed. The city state’s public transport service is actually need, analyse it on the fly and feed it into our previously quiet, just because the algorithm sends C up there with the world’s best, and only 20% of people systems and operations to make them better? This them that way.” own a private car. In Bordeaux, France , latest-gen- DATA kind of smart approach is paving the way for Industry eration on-demand transport is gaining real traction, 4.0, connected healthcare and smarter cities — in made all the better by algorithms. The Ke’Op service which shared mobility will play a crucial role. SMARTER CITIES FOR TOMORROW’S from Keolis lets you book a journey, even at the last CONNECTED CITIZEN minute, with the assurance you’ll be taken right to your MANY SOURCES destination. The predictive model developed by o, what other shifts does all this smart data France-based startup Qucit makes it easier to use herald? As well as new mobility services, it o, where does all this smart data come from? The self-service bicycles by anticipating user demand and should provide the basis for casting a new vision ON THE answer is: lots of places. Ticketing systems obvi- availability at stations. The Predict.io solution devised Sof what cities will look like in the future. “Smart ously tell us about passenger flows — how many in Berlin helps you park your car by predicting cities are often judged by how much better things Speople validate a ticket at a given place and time, vacating spots in real time. And traveller apps are fast work, like real-time information on vacant parking or how many reduced fare tickets are bought in a being rolled out, though in some cases there’s real room spots, streetlights that come on at the right time and specific district. Fleet management systems also for improvement. “Multimodal data is still quite freer flowing traffic,” says Arnaud Julien, innovation collect and analyse data on things like the positions of limited,” says Dr Niels van Oort, codirector of the director for Keolis. “But we can go so much further buses or metros. Similarly, CCTV cameras give us a Smart Public Transport Lab at TU Delft in the by putting people at the heart of it, then intercon- by Julien Thèves picture of passenger numbers on transport networks. Netherlands . “So, if you want to do the first part of necting all those systems around them. From educa- MOVE! your trip by bicycle, then ride the metro, there aren’t tion to sport, culture, transport and more — making But data can also come from outside the network. For many apps that can give you that kind of joined-up data freely available can improve quality of life by several years now, some operators have been analysing information. As far as offline apps go, they’re mostly focusing on sustainability, efficiency and resilience as Data, data, everywhere! Big the ‘digital exhaust’ from mobile phones to better unimodal and don’t cover the entire door-to-door trav- the drivers of how well a city functions.” understand passenger behaviour patterns. Provided by data and the algorithms doing eller experience.” telecom companies, these data trails tell us about the With the power of 5G, the rise of connected devices all the intensive data crunching movements of anyone carrying a device, derived from and innovations like biometric identification, the are transforming whole areas the relay antennas they use, with a range of 50 metres OPEN, FREELY AVAILABLE DATA data on us will be even more detailed and precise, so (160 ft) in cities and 2 kilometres (1.25 mi) in rural it can be put to ever smarter uses. This ferment of of our daily lives — and areas. It’s not very accurate, but it can be supplemented ith all this data sharing, what about privacy? inventiveness is a huge opportunity, not least for by information from other sources like GPS. This can In Europe, the General Data Protection public transport authorities. And the authorities transport is no exception. be captured directly from smartphones, as long as the Regulation, adopted in 2016 and enforced in making a firm commitment to the reasonable and fair At a time when technologies location function is enabled, and it’s accurate to W 2018, provides a set of safeguards around how management of smart data will ensure it’s not only 5 metres (16 ft). Other devices also provide informa- data can be collected and used. In France , the GDPR giants like the GAFAM companies — Google, are evolving faster than ever, tion about our movements. On the Dijon network comes amid a raft of provisions already planned by Amazon, Facebook, Apple, Microsoft — that will be in France, for example, you can pay for your bus or CNIL, the country’s data protection agency. Other cleverly exploiting their data for commercial we look at what could be l tram ride contactlessly on the onboard validator. Like parts of the world have similar regulations and agencies purposes. achieved through cleverer post-payment solutions(2), this type of open payment to enforce them, such as the Privacy Shield framework

technology gives insights into the habits of occasional in the United States and the Office of the Privacy (1) Source: International Data Corporation use of information. network users, who don’t have travel passes. Commissioner in Canada . (2) Payment at the end of the month, based on actual use.

28 29 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY EXPLORE PULSE

Floating zebra crossings: ‘any aspect of the London, UK an alternative mode of choice architec­ Pedestrian crossings transport. A traffic light resembling 3D optical system tells commuters that ture that alters illusions are designed people’s behaviour to invite motorists to slow they can board the next train down and make pedestrians with a green light, that in a predictable feel as if they are walking a probable wait of two trains way without on air. They were introduced forbidding to India , France , will be necessary with an China , Iceland orange light, and that the any options or and the UK . platform is very crowded and significantly a prolonged wait is expected changing their with a red light. Disruption economic incen­ (3) or delays to train services tives’ . There is at the station are signalled an ever-growing list of with a flashing red light(1). nudging techniques After a trial of these lights at including ‘setting default Ang Mo Kio station, a survey rules, framing, social proof, found that 80% of simplifying procedures, commuters were aware of the increasing the ease and system and thought it should convenience of desired be introduced in stations behaviour, use of alerts, experiencing higher disclosures and reminders, * passenger volumes, which inverting social norms, it duly was. eliciting implementation intentions or soliciting his ingenious traffic pre-commitments’(4). light system is just Nudges are not one example of how orders: they densely populated subtly make it Singapore has easier to do the T thrived over the past right thing. 50 years in part thanks to its And these nuggets policy­makers enthusiastically of information differ from embracing nudge theory(2). signage in that they do not The notion that merely spell out what the The transport and mobility sector you could nudge right behaviour is, but is increasingly turning to subtler methods individuals into instead spur you into action modifying their to take it. to drive affordable, sustainable and behaviour is of transformative behavioural change. course highly igns, however, appealing to public can be successfully policymakers ‘nudgified’, as at a time when our urban demonstrated in public spaces and transport , . by Marie-Noëlle Bauer systems are becoming S This African capital increasingly saturated. holds the record for the world’s second worst traffic, ut what exactly is with road accident fatalities a nudge? In their often involving its matatu ground-breaking 2008 buses. To counter this, a is the commuter’s Deflated, you reluctantly nd there is. In Singapore book on the subject, charity called Zusha! (‘Speak classic pet peeve: decide to wait it out and try , they’ve been tackling Richard H. Thaler up!’ in Swahili) has placed * Flies on the urinal: Amsterdam, you are in a rush to fight your way onto a train this exact scenario by The Netherlands and co-author small informational stickers B to make it to that all even though you know that installing a traffic light In what is considered one of the first Cass Sunstein defined it as on the inside of 12,000 important meeting this journey is shaping up to system at their Mass and most emblematic nudges, the matatus. cleaning manager at Schiphol airport IT on the other side of be a disaster, and there is A stations is said to have etched photorealistic town, and you speed into the little chance you are going to informing commuters of images of flies on urinals to try underground station only to make your meeting on time. crowding levels on train and reduce spillage. He subsequently (1) ‘Traffic lights at 10 more MRT stations’, (3) ‘Nudge: Improving decisions about health, claimed an 80% reduction in mess The Straits Times, by David Ee, wealth and happiness’, by Richard H. Thaler 23 August 2014. and Cass Sunstein. find that the platform to your As you jostle for some space, platforms and recommending and 8% reduction in cleaning costs. (2) ‘The Nation that thrived by nudging (4) ‘Small is beautiful: using gentle nudges train is a picture of chaos — you cannot help thinking: whether or not to wait for Flies have since become a staple its population’, bbc.com, by Sarah Keating, to change organizations’, forbes.com, a crush of people everywhere. there must be a better way. the next train or find in urinals internationally. 20 February 2018. by Carsten Thams, 22 February 2018.

30 31 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY EXPLORE PULSE

These stickers encourage requirement since 2003, fix: in September 2006 the INTERVIEW the passengers to speak up getting teenagers to wear city painted a series of and challenge a driver when their seat belts in the school increasingly narrowing white associated with ‘nudge for he is driving recklessly. And Clean up your act: France bus is quite a challenge. lines perpendicular to bad’, it’s actually not the same they work: they have resulted in The ‘Poubellator’ rubbish bins Keolis trialled five nudges in travelling cars, giving drivers thing. You can ‘sludge’ for disguised as monsters to engage [2] 140 fewer road accidents per children was just one of several its school buses in the Isère the illusion that they were THE good, adding friction to help year and the annual death toll nudges developed by Ouigo, and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes speeding up and should put people achieve their goals. (5) the TGV’s low-cost train line which has dropped by 55 . contributed to a 14% decline in French regions to get more on the brakes. According to As Cass Sunstein, co-author serious uncleanliness on trains. seat belts fastened. The traffic engineers, there were NUDGE- of ‘Nudge’ wrote: “It should be hough nudges are now nudges included the 36% fewer crashes in the six clear that nudges can be for saving lives worldwide, introduc­tion of the months after the introduction good or bad; also that sludges their origins go back ‘Malassis’ — which translates of the lines than in the six can be for good or bad”. to the 70s when as the ‘Sitting months preceding it, a far LEDGE On the BVA Nudge Unit blog psychologist Daniel Awkwardly’ — a foam sheath better result than all the there is an article on nudges, T Kahneman — winner covering the seat belt which traditional safety measures dark nudges, and sludges that of the 2002 Nobel Prize makes sitting on the seat used by policymakers until Q&A WITH provides criteria for defining for Economics — created uncomfortable unless the seat then. And this life-saving whether a nudge is for good or the premise for behavioural belt is attached. All five of nudge cost virtually ÉTIENNE for bad. For example, it asks: economics by the nudges were tested in nothing(8). ‘is this in the interest of the challenging the Fasten your seat belts: France combinations of two and BRESSOUD, Managing Director person, against their interest, traditional view Despite awareness-raising campaigns and it being three at a time and all of the he popularity of or solely in the interest of the that human beings a legal requirement, getting teenagers to wear trials proved successful in nudges inevitably of the BVA Nudge Unit brand producing the nudge?’. are rational their seat belts is quite a challenge. Keolis trialled five nudges in its buses, boosting the seat-belt inciting teenagers to buckle means that we are also and all decision wearing rate by 2.4. It is now rolling out a fleet up. What’s more, seeing the rise of dark of over 20 ‘nudged buses’. making is based the nudge effect nudges. And the LOOKING TO THE FUTURE, on rationality. is sustainable, transport sector has not IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE as was confirmed T COMPATIBLE WITH NUDGES Instead, he posited that our been spared, with The New everyday actions were by the testers who York Times famously AND WILL IT EVENTUALLY BE regimented by cognitive biases, took the same bus a week publishing a 2017 exposé of USED TO BOLSTER THEM? biases that were both prior to the introduction of how used ‘videogame That’s a big question. systematic and predictable. the nudges and in the week techniques, graphics and AI can definitely complement Decades later, economist that followed. On average, non-cash rewards to prod nudging since both are Richard H. Thaler won the nudges boosted the seat belt drivers into working longer decision oriented. But in my 2017 Nobel Prize for wearing rate by 2.4(6). and harder’, for the view, human intelligence will Economics by harnessing Following this positive company’s gain(9). still have to complement AI Daniel Kahneman’s and other experiment — underscoring Despite this, since many tasks require behavioural economists’ Don’t ignore the tram: Bordeaux, France how efficient this innovative, the art of gentle human sensitivity. research to develop his ‘nudge Tramways have become such an integrated yet easy to set up method persuasion has part of our urban landscape that pedestrians, a bright future theory’ which proposes that cyclists and drivers often forget that they’re can be — Keolis is preparing cognitive biases can be there, leading to collisions and casualties. to roll out a fleet of over ahead when it WHAT MAKES A NUDGE ETHICAL? WHAT UPCOMING NUDGE-RELATED To counteract this, Keolis is currently testing activated and disactivated in 20 ‘nudged’ buses(7). comes to public Richard H. Thaler and Cass PROJECTS ARE YOU MOST innovative, attention-grabbing nudges such as transport policies. EXCITED ABOUT? order to get individuals to ‘The Red Carpet’ which projects an illuminated Sunstein both say that one The really behave responsibly and lessen red danger zone in front of the tram. udges have also Indeed, the humble nudge is principle — transparency — interesting projects are negative impacts on society proven that they set to play a major role in the is a must: can I explain my focused on work and living at large. can be cost-effective upcoming Paris Olympics, nudge transparently to the environments. We are Fake policemen: Bangalore, while having serious with the city adopting eight people I am applying it to? currently working on several 2018 study in France India pay-offs. In a memo­ nudge-inspired initiatives as A nudge is like using a GPS ‘nudge’ , for housing illustrates how In 2013, authorities had to rable passage of Nudge, part of its 2024 Nudge — you’re going to get to your and offices, to encourage get creative in their efforts to N modifying the decision- check traffic violations, after Thaler and Sunstein talk Challenge organised by destination with help. But if sustainable and making environment there was a shortage of at about one of the most NudgeFrance(10). Among you don’t want to follow the behaviour — both inside least 500 policemen in via nudges subtly a city with over 4.2 million notoriously dangerous curves them: having coloured GPS instructions, you don’t them and out. encourages passengers vehicles on its roads. The in the United States : the footprints on the floor of have to. A life-like cardboard police to adopt good behaviours, tight turn at ’s Lake metro stations guiding people officers they placed at SO DOWN THE LINE THERE MIGHT without overt coercion. strategic spots on the road Shore Drive and Oak Street. towards the stairs rather Despite awareness-raising network were so successful There was, however, a cheap cramming into lifts. l TELL US ABOUT THE ‘SLUDGE’ EVEN BE ‘NUDGE CITIES’? that the idea was replicated PHENOMENON. campaigns and it being a legal (8) Nudge: improving decisions about health, A sludge is Yes, that is entirely possible! in China, the US and the UK. wealth and happiness, by Richard H. Thaler and Cass Sunstein. (6) ‘Déclencher le clic dans les cars scolaires, l’effet a kind of friction, high or low, Nudges are already in our positif des nudges’, fondation-maif.fr. (9) ‘How Uber uses psychological tricks to push its drivers buttons’, nytimes.com, by Noam Scheiber, that people face when they cities. We can integrate them (7) ‘Cas Keolis nudge prévention BVA Nudge Unit’, 2 April, 2017. (5) ‘The unlikely masters of nudge theory our transit by Étienne Bressoud et al., Guide de L’économie want to take one direction, systematically instead of one systems must watch’, danji.se, 4 March 2019. comportementale 2018. (10) Horizon Public, 2 November 2018. or the other. If it is often by one.

32 33 34 ACCOMPLISH GOLONDON ING UNDERGROUND WITH TfL ‘This train is now ready to depart, please stand clear of the doors. Mind the closing doors.’ This announcement is made countless times every day on London Underground (LU), commonly known as the Tube, and is familiar to the ears of millions of Londoners and visitors as they make their way across the British capital. But before accessing the trains, the passenger journey typically involves a trip underground by , or Pulselift. went underground with Public Transport Authority Transport for London (TfL) to find out how this vital equipment is kept safe and efficient.

by Lesley Brown Photos: Linda Scuizzato PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY

pened in 1863, maintaining and upgrading Yet with only three tine maintenance check project manager at TfL, told London Under­ the and lifts is cru- escalators in some stations, every two weeks, full safety Pulse. “It’s not like ground (LU) is cial for keeping people safe having just one out of action and operational testing every an extension on your house; the oldest metro and on the move. can disrupt passenger flow and six months, and a partial you are physically con- system in the create bottlenecks. In order to refurbishment every ten or strained. You can’t get more world. Along­ The figures speak mitigate the risks, Transport fifteen years. space. This puts a lot more side Beijing and for themselves: today, the for London (TfL) has a con- emphasis on the planning Shanghai, it is London Underground has a tinual programme of mainte- side of the sequence of Open thinking,

also one of the total of 217 lifts (compared to nance and renewal in place for activities.” MOBILITY Olargest networks with 11 lines 167 in 2017) for its 270 sta- its lifts and escalators. confined space covering 402km. And along- tions, 144 of which are now Furthermore, each side Paris and Moscow, it is operational 24 hours a day on Escalators are re­ Given the sheer station has its own unique also notable for being one of Fridays and Satur­days as part furbished every 20 years and depth of many stations, the characteristics when it comes the busiest networks, getting of Night Tube. As for escala- replaced every 40 years to works are often carried out to layout and access routes. around five million passen- tors, 448 are in use up to 20 meet high performance lev- in a challenging physical This means that TfL has to gers from A to B every day. hours a day, seven days a week, els. By way of comparison, environment.­ “We’re working dismantle the escalators into With its station platforms 364 days a year. Together, lifts are replaced every 20 to within concrete or steel cast smaller, modular sections in sometimes located more they support the movement 30 years depending on the tunnel rings that we can’t order to transfer them through than 50m below street level, of 1.3 billion people per year! model; they receive a rou- move,” Dan Marsh, senior the station to the work site. 35 36 ACCOMPLISH

The maintenance deepest lift haft — 58m — is safety reasons, activities like existing equipment running Work at Wood teams may have to work at Hamp­stead, while the cutting and welding, and while installing the new Green began in October 2017 within a tight box but they longest escalator at 60m, with larger equipment deliveries machines one by one, and with a 12-month design and have to think outside it, too. a vertical rise of 27.5m, is can only go on when the sta- retaining the existing escala- manufacture period. Installa­ Access is complicated not housed within Angel station. tion is closed to minimise tor frame — or truss as they tion of the first new escalator only by the limited space risks to the public. are known. began in November 2018; the available in the narrow third and final escalator will 19th-century shafts but also To open or close: Traditionally, when This task involves a be in place by March 2020. by the drainage, electricity that is the question escalators are completely team of five skilled escalator and fire sprinkler networks removed, the station in ques- installers to deliver the main Keeping the station which crosscut the escalator As far as possible, tion would normally close, or works assisted by a support up and running during a and lift shafts. during renovation and service to a particular line team of ten designers and replacement project means the up­grading operations, sta- would shut. However, this was construction supervisors. works can take longer, some- Beyond access tion closures are avoided, and not an option for the replace- Interface contractors such as times running from months issues,­ the considerable size work goes on out of public ment of the three escalators at tilers, painters and builders are into periods of over a year and weight of the escalators sight behind hoardings, day Wood Green station, on the deployed during the day, depending on the number of and lifts can present challen­ and night. “Because we work Piccadilly line, as TfL looked whilst others — such as elec- assets. Yet crucially these pro- ges, too. By way of example, a behind hoardings, we’re not to change its delivery model tricians, fire detection and jects allow TfL to avoid inter- typical heavy-duty escalator really constrained by work- to improve ­passenger access. suppression technicians and rupting services. There are weighs 40 tonnes and a ing access,” says Dan Marsh. Instead, TfL broke with tradi- mechanical vent experts — other benefits too, including heavy-duty lift 5 tonnes. The How­ever, for passenger tion and decided to keep the work the night shift. requiring significantly less PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY

works and lower overall costs. tractors. “If external staff On a typical pro- tion of contractors’ access are ity at peak times, and new Looking to the future, the underperform or if their ject, up to seven people usu- also essential for smooth trains will serve the Piccadilly newly installed escalators are company goes bust, we will ally work on the installation project management.” line from 2024 as part of modular and no longer always have in-house staff in per shift, with two shifts a the Deep Tube Upgrade bespoke, making them much case of a Doomsday sce- day overall, five or six days a Programme. In addition, easier to refurbish and replace nario,” explains Marsh. week. “Planning of the works Future forward TfL is continuing to invest deep underground in tight and mean that we only do what is in improvements to make difficult-to-access spaces. “The mix of inter- required, when it is required,” The escalators and the Tube more accessible for

nal and external delivery says Marsh. “Coordination lifts on the Tube are in Londoners and visitors to MOBILITY allows for retention of special- with the broader access and increasing demand. TfL is the city. There are currently Resources and ist knowledge, development planning teams enable us to continuing to modernise 78 step-free Tube stations planning — inside and utilisation of global best have visibility of other LU the Underground to pro - on the network and, as part and out practices and the flexibility to project works, closures or vide faster and more relia- of record investment, 34 per change delivery to better meet access opportunities.” ble journeys. For example, cent of Underground sta - To maintain and business and customer needs. state-of-the-art signaling tions will become step-free modernize the lifts and esca- It also allows for good value He adds: “Working on the Circle, District, by 2020. l lators TfL uses in-house and performance benchmark- weekends and extended Hammersmith & City and maintenance and project ing to inform business strat- shifts as well as smart shift Metropolitan lines will sig- staff as well as external con- egy,” Marsh adds. patterns with good coordina- nificantly increase capac - 37 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY EXPLORE PULSE

A train inspired by iomimicry and apply the way that it (1) printing system which Megan Schuknecht is Director of Design Challenges at the Biomimicry a kingfisher’s bill? has long does things to the way smartly mimics a bees’ that humans create (2) Institute in Montana in the United States. accompanied honeycomb structure . She began her career in the sustainability space as An inter-vehicle things, move things and the What’s more, this tyre a Program Specialist for the National Center for communication development live their lives.” optimises efficiency by Appropriate Technology before moving to the system which can of complex Biomimicry could adapting to new Biomimicry Institute, where she has now been B working for 12 years. In her current role, technologies. From prove particularly environments as soon imitate shoals of Schuknecht focuses on getting biomimicry Leonardo da Vinci, useful, as changes like as the driver informs fish? What if nature concepts into design pipelines, a job whose study of birds population growth, the vehicle’s system of holds the secret that combines her passions for nature, education directly influenced his urbanisation and the his or her next and entrepreneurship. Schuknecht holds to smarter cities sketches of ‘flying transition to greener destination. a Bachelor of Biology from Grinnell College and a Master of Environmental Studies from using more efficient machines’, to industrial energies present both (2) designers who have challenges and of the splash-free water the University of Montana. and sustainable seized the opportunity opportunities in sectors entry of kingfishers to mobility? to use nature’s like mobility. develop the train’s Scientists, engineers mechanisms to create distinctive aerodynamic (1) and architects both eye-pleasing and ___Natural ecosystems front , creating practical prototypes are superlatively decreased noise working in the field designed for urban use. efficient and nature- pollution and increased of biomimicry­ “Life has been evolving inspired solutions have speed and energy for 3.8 billion years, and — literally ‘imitation already proven fruitful. efficiency. in that time, it has found of the living’ — One of the most what works and what emblematic examples ___In the automotive believe nature lasts,’’ said Megan is Japan’s Shinkansen sector Michelin has have experimented can be emulated Schuknecht, Director Bullet Train and its imagined an airless with transposing the and harnessed of Design Challenges distinctive long nose. tyre, using a 3D scalloped edge of the at the Biomimicry Engineer Eiji Nakatsu, fin of a humpback to enhance man- Institute in Montana a keen birdwatcher, whale, called a made materials, in the United States . employed observations ‘tubercle’, onto wind structures “By looking to all that turbine technology to experience that nature and systems. intelligent vehicles increase efficiency and has accumulated, we can with onboard detection reduce drag. Similarly, learn from its blueprints and communication scientists at Australia’s systems, these RMIT University principles could have begun work muzzle of most underpin tomorrow’s­ which harnesses the mammals is a synchronised driving photosynthesis system mountable bike behaviour via inter- of a certain kind of fern COULD accessory allowing vehicle communication, to develop a new type cyclists to define lane allowing for safer, of electrode that could boundaries, signal cleaner and less boost the storage (3) turns, and discourage congested travel. capacity of solar energy cars from overtaking “There is a lot of potential technology by up to NATURE there,” too close. says Megan 3,000%. Mobility Schuknecht. “If we can solutions which harness ___Elsewhere students ___Biomimicry emulate this sort of fine- biomimicry-led energy from California State (3) is a fast-growing tuned signal and response innovations can’t be HELP US that’s happening in “I think University , as part of stripes to attach to discipline and holds far behind. the Biomimicry bicycles to increase real potential for future nature, generally it’s biomimicry really gives Student Design visibility and safety for innovation too. going to mean more young people a sense of Challenge, worked on both bike riders and Pioneers in this field efficiency for our hope,” concludes BUILD integrating biomimicry car drivers. Just like are already systems.” Megan Schuknecht. into sustainable cats use their whiskers experimenting with “Nature has already solutions for transport. to get about, analyse replicating the way ___Beyond mobility, presented us with this They came up with environment and sense shoals of fish biomimicry is helping great model and the MORE EFFICIENT a creative idea which potential dangers, the communi­cate with one reinvent energy blueprint is there.” l includes an imitation so-called VibraSee (3), another to move pro­duction and of cat’s whiskers which refers to the stiff through the water conversation. Scientists made with flexible vibration transmitting efficiently and avoid at West Chester TRANSPORTATION? fluorescent bands and hair located on the collision. Applied to University in the US by Hannah Meltzger

38 39 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY EXPLORE PULSE

DIGITAL ADOPTION IS QUALITATIVELY % / STILL VERY VARIED: % of42 respondents said they 1One in2 two people said the days 1In American/3 cities like 52of ‘digimobiles’ KEOSCOPIE INTERNATIONAL sometimes work Sundays, of the week when they work Boston, and nonetheless have especially in or study change often New Orleans, over a third concerns about (56%) and Wuhan (54%). or occasionally. of respondents say they an all‑digital world. One in /four people 36% often and/or occasionally In the United States , 26% car share. In the land of 1have used voice4 work at night, especially in of people said their work the automobile, 50% of % ­guidance to find Delhi and Hyderabad (68%). schedules change. respondents say they car information. People 26% work from home at least Changing work patterns means changing share. In the private hire et up in 2007, in India talk to their once a week, especially in vehicle at least once a week. lifestyles, so public transport needs 32of respondents are the Keoscopie phones the most Mumbai (43%), Delhi (42%) to adapt accordingly. Scooter and bike share ‘digimobiles’: (55% of respondents in and Boston (39%). schemes are gaining ground: smartphone owners who observatory Delhi). Voice assistance % As working habits change, so do over 20% of respondents are hyperconnected, looks beyond is most popular with in the cities surveyed said fully at ease with digital peak travel periods. On Sundays the conventional public transport users, and at night, transport services need they use these solutions. technologies and with 30% using it, of respondents said Yet buses and metros enthusiastic about statistics 59they prefer walking to take account of these flexible compared to one in four are also popular, used by them in general. to public transport. working hours. Sto uncover the deeper people overall. almost 50% of respondents This is true in almost in locations where they mobility trends and all cities, except operate. Los Angeles , challenge preconceived where the car is % ideas and assumptions. GLOBAL the favourite (53%), First in France, and Amsterdam , then internationally where bicycles are % of respondents are already the preferred option 38 % from 2017, Keoscopie using new mobility solutions at % (59%). However, least once a month. Uptake is has conducted and only one in four said they travel at least even higher in the United States 44 are ‘followers’: people commissioned a huge people said they’re 27 MOBILITY once a week to go shopping, (47%), Argentina (57%) who are at ease with of respondents have satisfied with the especially in Australia (62%). and China (77%). 65% said number of quantitative infrastructure in many of the apps 8a smartphone.9 The figure 22% travel at least once a week they’re ‘potential users’ of new and functions on their and qualitative surveys place for pedestrians. is 98% in China , but to visit family, notably in Bergen, mobility solutions (90% in devices and believe just 79% in Montreal This means designing Norway (32%). 17% travel China). In US cities like Boston, to gain insights types of improvements digital technologies and Rotterdam . services that fit with to participate in a sport or Los Angeles and New Orleans , 3 into lifestyles top the list as ways positively contribute especially in walking, paying attention cultural activity, over one-third of respondents to facilitate mobility: to their lives. and the mobility to the planning and Paris (40%). And 46% travel regularly car share, while 50% l More frequent public transformations layout of pavements at least once a week simply said they use a private hire transport services, especially INSIGHTS and providing to go for a walk in the city or vehicle at least once a week. evenings and weekends taking place today. information for a park, especially in Oslo Electric bicycles, ride sharing, (45% of respondents). ( ). Work-related journeys pedestrians. 60% self‑service scooters — these l Higher standards of In 2018, the observatory are only part of the picture. solutions conveniently comfort on public transport launched Keoscopie From Montreal to Brisbane , Paris Network routes and timetables complement public (seats, air conditioning, etc.) : need to take account of the many transport services, 40%. International, a global which are nonetheless l % to Doha , London to Beijing — reasons for travel. Improved infrastructure study focusing on % used by 64% of respon- for pedestrians (walkways, dents at least once 37 cities across all around the globe, people are using benches, lighting, signage, are ‘web-focused’: a month. 21 15 countries. etc.) : 43%. 6of respondents0 want these people have the option of human public transport, though differently All should be seen as options! a smartphone, use it The travel patterns of assistance when for entertainment only 6,000 public transport making transactions in different places. (social media, games, on the internet. music, etc.) but also users and non-users It is only the case readily use other types were analysed, for 64% of public Private cars are a feature of the landscape, / of devices. along with how new transport users. % 2Almost3 two in three to a greater or lesser extent, as are new people change means technologies are So, the solutions we offer need to be ‘phygital’ of transport from one day impacting them, based — combining physical forms of mobility like ride sharing, electric of public transport to the next in a given week, users almost always at least occasionally, especially % on a 20-minute online and digital. % 37 bicycles and self-service scooters. rely on another in Mumbai (88%) and questionnaire compiled form of transport to Los Angeles (78%). % with the Ipsos institute. Lifestyles, working habits and smartphone reach the network. And almost two in three In+ Scandinavian90 cities of smartphone owners % Keolis uses these The numbers people use different means like Stockholm , use a travel or map app are even higher in of transport on their outward Oslo and Copenhagen , of respondents said insights to expand 70at least once a month. ownership also vary from one country to the Perth, Brisbane , and return trips in a given day, over 90% of people use buses. 83they think technologies are ‘offline’: people Features used on a 20 and tailor its range of Manchester (55%) at least occasionally, especially Trams and metros are also make mobility simpler: who own a mobile weekly basis include next. By analysing all these statistics, and Lyon (51%). in Chinese cities (80%) popular, with around 60% and Thanks to technologies mobility solutions for maps (61%), journey phone or smartphone As they seek to meet and Los Angeles (87%). 65% of people using them, people can select the right but only use it to transport authorities planners (53%) and next Keoscopie International, a global study respectively. transport mode at the right departure times (46%). people’s requirements, When we travel, we like to have communicate (make and passengers. transport networks need a choice. As they seek to meet Conversely, new forms of mobility time, mix transport modes, phone calls, send texts) Apps with these functions produced by the Keoscopie observatory, to offer a variety of people’s requirements, transport such as and private hire travel faster and more and potentially take have an advantage since services, where different networks need to offer a variety vehicles are much less widespread, comfortably. pictures. Not really they’re really useful provides insights into mobility worldwide modes can be readily of services, where different modes with under a third of people making use This is especially true for at ease with technology Learn more on: for knowing whether or not combined. can be readily combined. of them. transport users — 87%. in general. keoscopie.keolis.com you have to run for your bus! with some surprising findings.

40 41 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY INSPIRE PULSE

— they’ll Meet Mad Max Driver, Machete, Vibz Kartel, Ghost Rider, Red Devil, Lion and The Rasta Rider spark your imagination! weaving their Boda Boda motorcycleEast taxis Africa, are a common feature of urban transport in passengers through congested city streets. There are so many of them that someto attract drivers build fantastically-themed of those seeking a ride.Bobbin Case Rider the attention “TheGhost first driver I met was Ugandan-Kenyan fashion designer were so fascinated Ghost Rider, says Jan Hoek. He was Jan Hoek already well known in Kibera, the and Dutch artist largest slum in Nairobi. He’s the by the creativity of some Boda Boda drivers fastest driver in town and he’s which saw them completely fearless. You can hear him in Nairobi, that they decided to collaborate on from far away because he has a project, ‘Boda Boda Madness’, modified his bike so that its noise is amplified. Today he’s achieved design dazzling new outfits to match customized celebrity status. Local documentaries bikes in the Kenyan capital. have been made about him and he has also starred in a video by Kenyan They selected seven Boda Boda drivers with the most artist Osborne Macharia.” awesome bikes and sat down with Jan eachthen photographedof them Boda to create unique biker outfits. these real life action figures in Pulse.front of Nairobi Boda scenes. He introduced them to

by Robert Jack StylePhotos: Jan Hoek

42 43 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY INSPIRE PULSE

Red Devil “ThisMachete driver had a bike “Like his fellow drivers inspired by Machete, The Rasta Rider, Lion the action film from Rider and Vibze Kartel Vybz cult director Robert Rider, Red Devil is from Kartel Rodriguez. Ngong, a town located south west of Nairobi. When we talked to him Rider“This rider’s favourite His favourite football about his costume, reggae artist is Vybz team is Manchester we soon decided that Kartel. Since his idol United, nicknamed a Machete-like weapon was imprisoned at the ‘the Red Devils’ should be involved. time of the photoshoot, so Bobbin made The first ‘gun helmet’ Vybz Kartel Rider a football-themed was made by a prop wanted an outfit outfit, but one that is maker from Nairobi, but inspired by jail — so small not too cold to ride in!” it was too realistic — we ‘prison’ bars have been feared that would get him added to his helmet.” arrested! So we asked metal artist Meshak Orio to make a new gun that looks more surreal.”

Max Rider “ThisMad driver from Kiberia Who are the is a fan of Mad Max, and Boda Bodas? that was the inspiration In a class of their own, for his bike. Now he has Boda Bodas are an outfit to match from taxi riders Rider Bobbin Case, so he can Lion drive around as if he were in . Some “To photograph this a character from the post- say their name comes Ngong-based rider apocalyptic action films.” from the expression against such an empty ‘border to border’, background we had due to their ability to begin shooting to transport people at 5.30am, when the across a border streets are relatively without all the paper­ quiet. The Lion Rider work needed with really likes his new a car. Cheaper than outfit, but in everyday car taxis and faster life he thinks that the than bicycle taxis, pants and top are a bit which make slow too much together, so he normally only progress through The “If youRasta are The Rasta Rider, wears one or the other.” the congested cities, what’s more tragicRider than there are believed having to conceal your to be around beautiful dreadlocks 500,000 Boda Bodas underneath your in Kenya alone, motorcycle helmet? earning the country That’s why we made €3.5 million a day!(1) a special helmet for him with two holes so that his dreads can wave (1) Source: Standard Media. in the wind as he gives his customers a real rasta ride experience.”

44 45 ~ SPECIAL THANKS ~ The editorial team would like to thank all contributors to this fourth edition of Pulse, and in particular:

-A- -F- -L- -R-

Romain Albera Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores Kara Livingston Nancy Rider Head of Customer Insight & Big Data, Keolis Mayor of Pontevedra Group Marketing Director, Keolis Senior Press Officer at TfL

François Lodde -B- -G- Studies Manager, Keolis -S-

Eva Blanco Fernández Thierry Guinard Emmanuel Samaniego Coordinator, Pontevedra City Hall Group Safety Director, Keolis -M- Chief of staff to Christophe Najdovski

Fouziya Bourzerda Dan Marsh Megan Schuknecht President of Greater Lyon’s public transport -H- Senior Project Manager, Transport for London Director of Design Challenges, authority SYTRAL and second Vice President Biomimicry Institute, Montana, USA of the City of Lyon Jean-Luc Hannequin Élodie Mijieux Copilot of the BMA platform Communication and Media relations, Étienne Bressoud (Boost Augmented Mobility) Keolis Lyon -V- Managing Director of BVA Nudge Unit IF YOU HAVE COMMENTS, Jan Hoek Marie-France Vayssières Photographer -N- Intermodality and Alternative mobility -C- solutions Director, Keolis OR WOULD LIKE TO SUGGEST Christophe Najdovski Vincent Cadoret -J- Deputy Mayor of Paris, with responsibility Chief Data Officer, Keolis for transport, roads, travel and public spaces -Y- ANY IDEAS OR CONTENT, Arnaud Julien Bobbin Case Digital, Data and Innovation Director, Keolis Sarah Norman Jeremy Yap Fashion Designer Head of press Desk, Transport for London Deputy Chief Executive of Public Transport, PLEASE CONTACT US AT: Policy and Planning, Land Transport Authority Éric Chareyron -K- (LTA) of Singapore CEO of Keoscopie Observatory of Mobility -P- [email protected] trends Piia Karjalainen Senior Manager, MaaS Alliance Antón Prieto Communication and Protocole Officer, Pontevedra City Hall

Keolis Brand & Communications Department 20, rue Le Peletier 75320 Paris Cedex 09 – France www.keolis.com – [email protected]

Publication Director: Thomas Barbelet – Executive Editor: Giles Spence – Managing Editor: Catherine Miret – Editor: Camille Delattre – Creation and production: – Staff Writers: Marie-Noëlle Bauer, Lesley Brown, Robert Jack, Ingrid Labuzan, Hannah Meltzger, Caroline Mouy, Julien Thèves – Translators: Joanne Dunning, Matt Nash, Adeline Tissier, Julien Thèves – Illustrators and photographers: Association nationale ANATEEP, Anael Barrière, Julien Benhamou, Biomimicry Challenge: VibriSee/Channing Shattuck, Didier Bizet, Lila Briand, Coward_lion/iStock, Raman Djafari, Ertico, Nanda Gonzague, Jan Hoek, iStock, Manjunath Kiran/AFP, Françoise Lanoe/Michelin 2019, Tommy London/Alamy Stock Photo/Hemis.fr/Images by Urinal Fly, Janne Moren, Anil Rinat, Ben Roberts, Linda Scuizzato, Lionel Serre, Juliana Tan – Rights reserved.

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